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Centrally administered neuromedin U activates neurosecretion and induction of c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of rat.
|
We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of neuromedin U (NMU) on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXT), and ACTH in rats, using RIA. The induction of c-fos protein (Fos) was examined by immunohistochemical study, and in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to detect c-fos gene expression in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). Plasma AVP, OXT, and ACTH were increased in a dose-related manner 15 min after icv administration of NMU. The icv administration of NMU caused a marked induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the SON and the magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of the PVN. In the SON and the magnocellular divisions of the PVN, OXT-LI cells predominantly exhibited nuclear Fos-LI in comparison with AVP-LI cells. The marked induction of the expression of c-fos gene in the PVN and SON was observed 15, 30, and 60 min after icv administration of NMU. Neurosecretion and induction of c-fos gene expression after centrally administered NMU were significantly reduced by pretreatment with anti-NMU IgG. These results suggest that centrally administered NMU activates OXTergic cells in the PVN and SON predominantly as well as hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Corticosterone', 'Gene Expression', 'Histocytochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Male', 'Neuropeptides', 'Oxytocin', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Supraoptic Nucleus']
| 12,399,428
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['G05.297'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.650', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of time-specific F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays on prelay ts-11-strain M. gallisepticum vaccination on digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens.
|
Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of a prelay ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (ts-11MG) vaccination alone or in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation overlays at 2 different age periods during lay on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens. In each trial, the following 4 treatments were utilized: sham vaccination at 10 wk of age, ts-11MG vaccination at 10 wk of age, ts-11MG at 10 wk of age overlaid by FMG inoculation at 22 wk of age, and ts-11MG at 10 wk of age overlaid by FMG at 45 wk of age. Necropsies were performed at the end of both trials (58 wk of age), using 2 birds from each of 4 replicate units per treatment, to observe treatment effects on the following parameters: liver weight, liver lipid and moisture concentrations, incidence of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome, ovary weight, number of mature ovarian follicles, and the total and segmental weights, lengths, and histologies of the oviduct and small intestine. Treatments affected only vaginal length as a percentage of total oviduct length. Vaginas were relatively longer in hens that had only been vaccinated with ts-11MG at 10 wk in comparison to all the other treatment groups, including controls. Except for relative vaginal length, the digestive and reproductive organs of layers were not influenced by the ts-11MG and FMG treatment regimens imposed in this study. These results confirm that when coupled with FMG inoculations during lay, prelay ts-11MG vaccinations may be a practical substitute for prelay FMG inoculations for providing continual protection against field-strain M. gallisepticum infections in layers.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Chickens', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Genitalia, Female', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Mycoplasma gallisepticum', 'Oviposition']
| 19,359,686
|
[['B01.050'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['A03.556'], ['A05.360.319'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.345'], ['G08.686.784.480']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Introduction of an innovation for the reduction of maternal mortality in Kano State, northern Nigeria: a case study of magnesium sulphate.
|
In this project, sponsored by the McArthur Foundation and the Population Council, magnesium sulphate was introduced in February 2007 to 10 general hospitals in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Changes were monitored via data collected at the hospital. At an initial training of the trainers' workshop, 25 master trainers were trained. They then conducted step down trainings and trained 160 clinical providers. Within 12 months, 1045 patients were treated with magnesium sulphate. The attributable deaths from eclampsia fell by 42.4%. The community became aware of an improved outcome for eclampsia. The providers expressed satisfaction with the outcome of the treated patients. Four of the master trainers trained 30 clinical providers from the other 25 general hospitals. Initiatives for the reduction of maternal mortality should be evidence-based.
|
['Anticonvulsants', 'Cause of Death', 'Eclampsia', 'Female', 'Hospitals, General', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Maternal Mortality', 'Nigeria', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,831,930
|
[['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C13.703.395.124'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D01.524.550', 'D01.875.800.800.850.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.500', 'N01.224.935.698.653', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.500'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
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|
Klotho gene delivery prevents the progression of spontaneous hypertension and renal damage.
|
Klotho is a recently discovered antiaging gene. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that klotho gene delivery attenuates the progression of spontaneous hypertension and renal damage in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). An adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying mouse klotho full-length cDNA (AAV.mKL) was constructed for in vivo expression of klotho. Four groups of male SHRs and 1 group of sex- and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (5 rats per group) were used. Blood pressure was measured twice in all of the animals before gene delivery. Four groups of SHRs received an IV injection of AAV.mKL, AAV.LacZ, AAV.GFP, and PBS, respectively. The Wistar-Kyoto group received PBS and served as a control. AAV.mKL stopped the further increase in blood pressure in SHRs, whereas blood pressures continued to increase in other SHR groups. One single dose of AAV.mKL prevented the progression of spontaneous hypertension for at least 12 weeks (length of the study). Klotho expression and production were suppressed in SHRs, which were reverted by AAV.mKL. AAV.mKL increased plasma interleukin 10 levels but decreased Nox2 expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide production in kidneys and aortas in SHRs. AAV.mKL abolished renal tubular atrophy and dilation, tubular deposition of proteinaceous material, glomerular collapse, and collagen deposition seen in SHRs, indicating that klotho gene delivery attenuated renal damage. Therefore, the suppressed klotho expression may play a role in the progression of spontaneous hypertension and renal damage in SHRs. AAV delivery of klotho may offer a new approach for the long-term control of hypertension and for renoprotection.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Atrophy', 'Blood Pressure', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Glucuronidase', 'Hypertension', 'Interleukin-10', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'NADPH Oxidase 2', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Superoxides']
| 19,635,988
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.393.350'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.682.608.575.875', 'D12.776.331.894.875', 'D12.776.543.653.875'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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Aortic root surgery in Marfan syndrome: Bentall procedure with the composite mechanical valved conduit versus aortic valve reimplantation with Valsalva graft.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to compare mid-term results of Bentall aortic root replacement with composite mechanical valved conduit and aortic valve reimplantation procedure using the Valsalva graft for the treatment of aortic root aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome.METHODS: We retrospectively compared data of 23 patients (mean age 38 + or - 14 years) who had undergone the Bentall procedure (group B) to those of 24 patients (mean age 36 + or - 12 years) who had undergone aortic valve reimplantation (group R) during a 14-year period. Follow-up (mean duration 65 + or - 44 months) was 100% complete.RESULTS: There were no operative deaths in either group. In group B, as compared with group R, preoperative aortic insufficiency (3.2 + or - 1.1/4 vs. 1.7 + or - 1.4/4, P < 0.001), ascending aorta diameter (55.8 + or - 4.9 vs. 44.1 + or - 8.7 mm, P = 0.001) were prevailing; cardiopulmonary bypass (107 + or - 51 vs. 145 + or - 32 min, P < 0.05) and aortic cross-clamp (77 + or - 17 vs. 116 + or - 30 min, P = 0.005) times were shorter. Eight-year survival and freedom from cardiac death and reoperation were 91 + or - 6, 96 + or - 4 and 100% in group B and 100, 100 and 91 + or - 6% in group R, respectively (P = NS for all comparisons). At follow-up, echocardiography showed significant improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (0.60 + or - 0.10 vs. 0.52 + or - 0.09 preoperatively, P = 0.01) and end-systolic diameter (34 + or - 5 vs. 47 + or - 14 mm, P = 0.001) in group B and significant reduction of preoperative aortic insufficiency (0.7 + or - 1.0/4 vs. 1.7 + or - 1.4/4, P = 0.01) and aortic annulus (24 + or - 2.4 vs. 33 + or - 5 mm, P = 0.01) in group R.CONCLUSION: In Marfan patients, the Bentall procedure is associated with excellent mid-term outcome. The reimplantation technique, adopted for less dilated aortas, provides similarly satisfactory results. The Valsalva graft seems, with time, to allow a stable aortic valve function.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Aortic Valve', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Marfan Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Reoperation', 'Replantation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sinus of Valsalva', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 20,150,820
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E07.695.310'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C05.116.099.674', 'C14.240.400.725', 'C14.280.400.725', 'C16.131.077.550', 'C16.131.240.400.720', 'C16.320.540', 'C17.300.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E04.690'], ['E04.936.494'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A07.015.114.056.847'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Severe sepsis with organ failure in necrotizing fasciitis of the right leg caused by infection with Vibrio vulnificus].
|
Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen which can cause the septicemia and necrosis of the soft tissue, especially fasciitis. The occurrence is most common in the summer, the source of infection can be sea water or the sand on the beaches, however the infection after eating seafood was described as well. The patient with predominant liver dysfunction are more often affected. The clinical course is characterized by severe sepsis, and massive skin lesion. The mortality more than 60% is reported. This case report describes the course of disease in 64 year old patient, who has spent his vacation in Bulgaria. After return he was admitted with severe sepsis with multiorgan failure and despite the intensive therapy and high amputation of the limb which was performed, the patient died.
|
['Fasciitis, Necrotizing', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Sepsis', 'Vibrio Infections', 'Vibrio vulnificus']
| 15,635,806
|
[['C05.321.550'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.959'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.900', 'B03.660.250.830.830.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quantification of device adherent, circulating, and organ pool of thrombin and fibrinogen after cardiopulmonary bypass in a pig model.
|
The pool of thrombin and fibrinogen in circulation, in organs, and on cardiopulmonary bypass devices was quantified during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in four groups of 24 Yorkshire pigs (weight, 30-35 kg); two groups of 10 unoperated pigs were used as controls. Thrombin-alpha and fibrinogen were iodinated with 125iodide using an iodogen transfer technique; 250-300 microCi of these tracers were injected intravenously 1 hr before cardiopulmonary bypass. All pigs were systematically heparinized (activated clotting time > 400 sec); cardiopulmonary bypass was performed at 2.5-3.5 L/min at 28 degrees C using a centrifugal pump, oxygenator (Bentley Univox 1.8 m2; Bentley Inc., Irvine, CA), arterial filter (0.25 m2), and cardiotomy reservoir (BMR 3500) for 90 min, followed by a 90 min reperfusion and 180 min of cardiopulmonary bypass. Iodinated thrombin-alpha and fibrinogen in intact organs and samples of blood, organs, tissues, and oxygenator-arterial filter-cardiotomy reservoir were quantified with an ion chamber and a gamma counter, respectively. The percent of injected iodinated thrombin-alpha and fibrinogen dose (mean +/- SD) in organs and cardiopulmonary bypass devices of all groups of cardiopulmonary bypass pigs was calculated. Thrombin generated at the small area of surgical wounds (0.016-0.038 m2), and fibrin deposited on surfaces of cardiopulmonary bypass devices (2.59 m2), initiate and propagate thrombus formation and embolization. The protein level reached saturation values on all cardiopulmonary bypass devices at 180 min. High levels of thrombin and fibrinogen-fibrin circulate in blood and organs, and are adsorbed on cardiopulmonary bypass devices; this large blood pool of pro-coagulants in the cardiac cradle, tissues, and perfused organs may account for thrombi and emboli during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
|
['Adhesiveness', 'Animals', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Fibrinogen', 'Swine', 'Thrombin']
| 9,804,454
|
[['G02.860.139'], ['B01.050'], ['E04.292.413'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Patient-Specific Left Ventricular Flow Simulations From Transthoracic Echocardiography: Robustness Evaluation and Validation Against Ultrasound Doppler and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
|
The combination of medical imaging with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has enabled the study of 3-D blood flow on a patient-specific level. However, with models based on gated high-resolution data, the study of transient flows, and any model implementation into routine cardiac care, is challenging. This paper presents a novel pathway for patient-specific CFD modelling of the left ventricle (LV), using 4-D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as input modality. To evaluate the clinical usability, two sub-studies were performed. First, a robustness evaluation was performed, where repeated models with alternating input variables were generated for six subjects and changes in simulated output quantified. Second, a validation study was carried out, where the pathway accuracy was evaluated against pulsed-wave Doppler (100 subjects), and 2-D through-plane phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements over seven intraventricular planes (6 subjects). The robustness evaluation indicated a model deviation of <12%, with highest regional and temporal deviations at apical segments and at peak systole, respectively. The validation study showed an error of <11% (velocities <10 cm/s) for all subjects, with no significant regional or temporal differences observed. With the patient-specific pathway shown to provide robust output with high accuracy, and with the pathway dependent only on 4-D TTE, the method has a high potential to be used within future clinical studies on 3-D intraventricular flow patterns. To this, future model developments in the form of e.g., anatomically accurate LV valves may further enhance the clinical value of the simulations.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Color', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient-Specific Modeling', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Young Adult']
| 28,742,031
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.220'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.821', 'L01.224.160.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impaired motor skills on static and mobile beams in lurcher mutant mice.
|
The cerebellum plays a role in various sensorimotor learning tasks. The purpose of the present studies was to evaluate sensorimotor skills in a spontaneous mouse mutant with cerebellar cortical atrophy. Lurcher mutant mice, characterized by massive losses of cerebellar granule cells and Purkinje cells, were assessed on two static beams varying in width and on an accelerating rotorod. On the static beams, lurcher mutants were deficient in stable positioning while immobile. Contrary to normal mice, they retreated backwards involuntarily and clung off-balance to the side of the beams. However, lurcher mutants were not deficient in segment crossings, body turns, latencies before crossing the first segment, and time spent in motion. There was an improvement over days in static stable positioning on both beams. On the rotorod, although lurcher mutants fell sooner and were inferior to controls in maximal speed of rotation achieved, there was an improvement on both measures across days. Moreover, retention of this motor skill was normal. These results indicate that, although lurcher mutants are limited in their capacity to execute motor coordination tasks, postural sensorimotor learning is not abolished in the absence of cerebellar cortical output neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebellar Cortex', 'Female', 'Learning', 'Mice', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Motor Activity']
| 9,305,822
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with phosphorylated epitopes on two microtubule-associated proteins and two neurofilament polypeptides.
|
A monoclonal antibody is described that was raised against bovine brain microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 1B. Immunoblot analysis revealed that immunoreactivity was abolished by dephosphorylation of the antigen. The antigen/antibody reaction was also directly inhibited by sodium phosphate. In whole brain tissue, MAP 1B was the primary immunoreactive species. However, the antibody was also found to react with MAP 1A as well as with the high and middle molecular weight neurofilament polypeptides. No cross-reaction with MAP 2, which is known to be extensively phosphorylated, other MAPs, or the low molecular weight neurofilament polypeptide was observed. This evidence suggests at least some sequence homology between these different polypeptide components of the neuronal cytoskeleton and points to a common mechanism for their phosphorylation.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Cattle', 'Cross Reactions', 'Epitopes', 'Intermediate Filament Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neurofilament Proteins', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation']
| 2,419,894
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.122'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D05.750.078.593', 'D12.776.220.475'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D05.750.078.593.630', 'D12.776.220.475.630', 'D12.776.631.630'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Comparative study of four effort tests on nine-year-old children. The value of systolic tension time (author's transl)].
|
Simple effort tests were carried out on 9-year-old children to measure the systolic tension time (STT) and to judge the accuracy and limitations of such a test by comparing it with other measures more commonly employed in France for the same age group: Pachon-Martinet, Ruffier-Dickson, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the latter (estimated indirectly) serving as the standard of reference. Subjects stepped onto and off a stool 40 cm high, 24 times per minute; immediately thereafter the heart rate per minute and the arterial systolic pressure (mm Hg) were measured, and the product (the systolic tension time) was obtained. At the age of 9 years, 95% of children have an STT of between 13 000 and 25 000. This test, besides the ease with which it can be performed in daily experimentation, has the advantage of giving results that are at once more precise and more significant than the two standard tests of Pachon-Martinet and Ruffier-Dickson because the quality of the experiment is more satisfactory, because autonomic factors have less impact, and because its discriminative value is higher since only the STT provides a satisfactory correlation with VO2max. The test also fulfills the various requisites of an effort test: it can help to trace a poor cardiovascular response to effort and, because of its selective nature, it can also provide a convenient means of supervision of young athletes. In practice, the test should be complemented by a study of the first 3 min of recovery, as this was the only part of the test showing a difference between boys and girls, whether trained or not.
|
['Child', 'Female', 'Heart Function Tests', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Exertion', 'Systole']
| 7,194,785
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.370.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Did Napoleon suffer from sleep apnea syndrome?].
|
Napoleon would sleep very little. He frequently woke up during night and worked. Brief sleeping time in day repaired his fatigue. He had also a short and thick neck. In the last fourth of his life he progressively suffered from obesity, daily involuntary sleepiness and his intellectual capabilities undoubtedly decreased. Our experience of 48 cases of sleep apnea syndrome diagnosed by mean of polysomnography allow no to think that Napoleon suffered from this disease. Historical consequences of this pathology is discussed.
|
['Famous Persons', 'France', 'History, 19th Century', 'Humans', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Obesity', 'Retrognathia', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes', 'Snoring']
| 3,044,229
|
[['K01.517.211.506', 'M01.228'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C05.500.460.827', 'C05.660.207.540.460.827', 'C07.320.440.827', 'C07.320.610.827', 'C07.650.500.460.827', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460.827', 'C16.131.850.500.460.827'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750'], ['C23.888.852.779.850']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Plasma vasopressin in rats: effect of sodium, angiotensin, and catecholamines.
|
A radioimmunoassay was set up to measure plasma arginine vasopressin levels (AVP). Characteristics of the assay include a sensitivity to 0.25 pg, high specificity of the antibody, mean recovery of added unlabeled arginine vasopressin of 80%, and an interassay coefficient of variation of 7.6%. This assay was used to investigate the influence of various factors on plasma vasopressin levels in a total of 121 awake male rats. Blood samples obtained in Wistar rats via an indwelling arterial catheter yielded results similar to those following decapitation, i.e., 1.27 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.68 +/- 0.39 pg/ml. Forty-eight hour dehydration markedly increased plasma AVP to 21.8 +/- 2.39 pg/ml. AVP was less than 0.5 pg/ml in Brattleboro rats. Low and high sodium intake, angiotensin II infusion (10 and 30 ng/min), and converting enzyme inhibition by captopril (100 mg/kg) did not alter plasma AVP. During norepinephrine infusion (250 ng/min) plasma AVP rose to 5.28 +/- 1.29 pg/ml, whereas it tended to fall with isoproterenol infusion (10 ng/min). Plasma AVP was slightly higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto controls.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Captopril', 'Hypertension', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sodium', 'Species Specificity']
| 6,337,509
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toxicity of dual HER2-blockade with pertuzumab added to anthracycline versus non-anthracycline containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer: The TRAIN-2 study.
|
BACKGROUND: The addition of pertuzumab to neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy improves pathologic complete response rates in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, increased toxicity has been reported with the addition of pertuzumab, and this may differ between various chemotherapy backbone regimens. We evaluated toxicities of pertuzumab when added to either FEC-T (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, trastuzumab) or weekly paclitaxel, trastuzumab, carboplatin (PTC).METHODS: The TRAIN-2 study is a neoadjuvant randomized controlled trial in stage II and III HER2-positive breast cancer (NCT01996267). Patients are randomly assigned to receive either three cycles of FEC-T plus pertuzumab or three cycles of PTC plus pertuzumab, followed by six cycles of PTC plus pertuzumab in both arms. Toxicities are described per treatment arm according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03.RESULTS: This analysis includes 110 patients balanced over both treatment arms. Neutropenia was the most common hematologic toxicity, with grade 3-4 occurring in 53% in the FEC-T-arm and in 51% in the PTC-arm. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 9% in the FEC-T arm and did not occur in the PTC-arm. Secondary G-CSF prophylaxis was used in 35-40% of patients. Asymptomatic ejection fraction decrease grade 2 was observed in 24% in the FEC-T-arm and 11% in the PTC-arm. The most common grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity was diarrhea (5% in the FEC-T-arm and 18% in the PTC-arm).CONCLUSIONS: Pertuzumab in combination with FEC-T mostly causes neutropenia, and when added to PTC mostly causes diarrhea. Significant cardiac toxicity is rare with both regimens, and toxicity is overall well manageable.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anthracyclines', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cardiotoxicity', 'Cisplatin', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Diarrhea', 'Epirubicin', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neutropenia', 'Paclitaxel', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Stroke Volume', 'Taxoids', 'Trastuzumab']
| 27,498,129
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050', 'D04.615.562.050', 'D09.408.051.059'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C14.280.260', 'C23.550.161', 'C25.100.389', 'C26.733.266', 'G01.750.748.500.266'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175.200'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Immunology cross-reactivity between spinal cord protein and myelin basic protein.
|
MyelinMyelinbasic protein-induced experimental allergic encephalitis is prevented or suppressed by pretreating guinea pigs with spinal cord protein. Although myelin basic protein and spinal cord protein do not cross-react at the antibody level, significant cross-stimulation was demonstrated in an antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation assay. The antigen-sensitive cells were characterized as T lymphocytes in that they were immunoglobulin-negative (Ig-ve) and responded to concanavalin A. However, the level of proliferation observed in the Ig-ve population was much greater than that of undepleted cells. This suggested that there existed an immunoblobulin-bearing suppressor cell population. It was unclear whether T or B lymphocytes were responsible for this suppression in that the Ig+ve cells also responded, to some extent, to concanavalin A, indicating the presence of T cells. Nonetheless, these results suggest that a possible mechanism whereby spinal cord protein protects animals against experimental allergic encephalitis is through the induction of a population of suppressor cells which are sensitized to cross-reactive determinants.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cross Reactions', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Myelin Basic Protein', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Spinal Cord', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 6,177,644
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['G12.122.281'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D12.776.543.620.540', 'D12.776.631.580.510'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced radioimmunotherapeutic efficacy of a monoclonal antibody cocktail against SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
The improved tumoricidal effect of the radioantibody mixture ("cocktail") has been reported recently for the treatment of colon tumor. In the present study, we demonstrated the enhanced radioimmunotherapeutic efficacy of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) cocktail against human hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic efficacy was determined by measuring the change in tumor size over a period, determining the percentage of growth inhibition of each treatment at various times after radioantibody therapy. Radioimmunotherapy of SMMC-7721 human hepatoma xenografts in athymic nude mice with combination of 131I-labeled Hepama-1 and 131I-labeled 9403 mouse MAbs was more effective than using either Hepeam-1 or 9403 MAb alone The MAb cocktail could target a greater number of hepatoma cells and increase the magnitude of hepatoma cell uptake of radioantibodies. The in vitro results explain the enhanced effect of the MAb cocktail in in vivo model system.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Radioimmunotherapy', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,791,737
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['E02.095.465.425.750', 'E02.186.750', 'E02.815.520'], ['E04.936.764'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Modification of the lipid profile and antioxidant status of the blood plasma of turkey hens fed mixtures with raw or extruded linseed.
|
The aim of the study was to determine the most beneficial proportion of raw linseed in complete feed mixtures for turkey hens on the basis of lipid and redox indicators in the blood. In experiment 1, the turkey hens received the complete mixture with 2%, 4% or 6% linseed. On the basis of the results obtained in experiment 1, we selected the most effective proportion of linseed, which was given to the birds in the group receiving a 4% linseed additive. In experiment 2, the birds were fed mixtures with a 4% addition of raw or extruded linseed. The use of 4% raw linseed was found to improve production effects (improvement of weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratios), while extruded linseed in the diet of turkey hens did not affect growth performance. The use of linseed (4% and 6%) as a feed component for turkey hens led to an increase in indicators of antioxidant potential, that is the total antioxidant potential of the plasma, vitamins E and C, bilirubin and creatinine. A benefit resulting from the use of linseed, particularly in the amounts of 2% and 4% was a marked improvement in lipid indicators in the blood. The reduced percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (n-3) following the use of extruded linseed resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation (lower content of malondialdehyde, superoxide and vitamins C and E in the blood). The most effective dose and form of linseed in the diet of turkey hens is 4% raw linseed.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Flax', 'Food Handling', 'Lipids', 'Seeds', 'Turkeys']
| 29,150,879
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.620.500'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['D10'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.800', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Large-scale screening for factor V Leiden mutation in a north-eastern German population.
|
Preliminary epidemiological data showed a high but varying prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation in various European populations. To analyze population differences statistically and generate reliable evaluation criteria for morbidity estimates, large numbers of unselected probands from different populations have to be tested. A convenient, efficient, reliable and cost efficient method for large-scale screening of factor V Leiden mutation has been developed using capillary blood samples soaked onto filter paper cards for the detection of mutations by heteroduplex analysis. Screening 1,628 alleles of a north-eastern German population by this procedure revealed an allele frequency of 3.56% (carrier rate 7.12%) which is significantly higher than those published for Italy and the Netherlands. Differences in allele frequencies compared to other European populations could statistically not be proved based on the small size of the published samples.
|
['Alleles', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Europe', 'Factor V', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Testing', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevalence', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 8,894,653
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['Z01.542'], ['D12.776.124.125.300', 'D12.776.811.272', 'D23.119.300'], ['G05.330'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Hysteroscopic management of cornual ectopic pregnancy.
|
BACKGROUND: Cornual ectopic pregnancies have traditionally been treated with systemic methotrexate, cornual resection, or hysterectomy.CASE: A 36-year-old newly gravida presented with an 8-week history of amenorrhea and a positive home pregnancy test. A transabdominal sonogram revealed a left cornual ectopic pregnancy. The patient was treated with multiple methotrexate doses, but the gestational sac persisted. Through the hysteroscope, the sac was ruptured, and the placental tissue was removed from the left cornu under sonographic guidance. Two weeks postoperatively, the patient's beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level was negative, and she had a normal pelvic examination and sonogram.CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic removal under sonographic guidance after methotrexate treatment is a conservative option for the treatment of cornual ectopic pregnancy in some patients.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysteroscopy', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic', 'Ultrasonography']
| 11,975,968
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.378.330', 'E01.370.388.250.360', 'E04.502.250.360', 'E04.520.360', 'E04.950.300.539'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Nutritional status of married adolescent girls in rural Rajasthan.
|
Adolescence is period of rapid growth and development. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 941 adolescent girls, aged 10-18 years belonging to Scheduled Caste communities in rural Rajasthan, using the probability proportionate to size sampling procedure. Data on 93 married adolescent girls was analysed in detail. Nutritional status of the subjects was assessed by anthropometry, dietary intake and by clinical examination of nutritional deficiency disorders. Anthropometric measurements were recorded for height, weight, chest circumference, MUAC and TSF using standardised techniques. On comparing the present study's data with ICMR's study data (1956-65) it was found that there has been a significant improvement in the height, weight and chest circumference of the adolescent girls but the values were below the well-to-do group study data. Dietary intake was assessed by 24 hours recall method. The dietary intake was compared against ICMR's RDA. It was found that the diets were deficient in calories by 30 to 40% in proteins by 25 to 37%, by 39 to 55% in iron and by 10 to 34% in vitamin A. 78% of the subjects suffered from various grades of anaemia and 40% of the subjects had B-complex deficiency.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anthropometry', 'Child', 'Deficiency Diseases', 'Diet Surveys', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Marriage', 'Nutritional Status', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Adolescence', 'Rural Population']
| 7,721,375
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.654.521.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.494'], ['N01.600.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Decontamination of a drinking water pipeline system contaminated with adenovirus and Escherichia coli utilizing peracetic acid and chlorine.
|
A contaminated drinking water distribution network can be responsible for major outbreaks of infections. In this study, two chemical decontaminants, peracetic acid (PAA) and chlorine, were used to test how a laboratory-scale pipeline system can be cleaned after simultaneous contamination with human adenovirus 40 (AdV40) and Escherichia coli. In addition, the effect of the decontaminants on biofilms was followed as heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) and total cell counts (TCC). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine AdV40 and plate counting was used to enumerate E. coli. PAA and chlorine proved to be effective decontaminants since they decreased the levels of AdV40 and E. coli to below method detection limits in both water and biofilms. However, without decontamination, AdV40 remained present in the pipelines for up to 4 days. In contrast, the concentration of cultivable E. coli decreased rapidly in the control pipelines, implying that E. coli may be an inadequate indicator for the presence of viral pathogens. Biofilms responded to the decontaminants by decreased HPCs while TCC remained stable. This indicates that the mechanism of pipeline decontamination by chlorine and PAA is inactivation rather than physical removal of microbes.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Biofilms', 'Chlorine', 'Disinfectants', 'Drinking Water', 'Escherichia coli', 'Peracetic Acid', 'Time Factors', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Purification']
| 22,960,485
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.241.081.018.664'], ['G01.910.857'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Intra-arterial thrombolysis in peripheral bypass and arterial occlusions. Preparation and practical procedure].
|
The aim of this article is to describe our technique for performing intra-arterial thrombolysis. This way of treating arterial and graft occlusions demands close cooperation between interventional radiologist and vascular surgeon. The intra-arterial thrombolysis is preceded by clinical examination, haematological tests, angiography and information to the patient. The main indications are pain at rest and serious claudication due to acute or subacute occlusion of grafts or native arteries to the lower extremities. The most important contraindications are conditions predisposing to bleeding. The most common adjunct percutaneous treatment is balloon angioplasty. Surveillance is compulsory in order to discover complications at an early stage.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Contraindications', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Streptokinase', 'Thromboembolism', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 8,975,426
|
[['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C14.907.137'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E02.208'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['E01.370.520'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.775', 'D12.776.124.125.662.537'], ['C14.907.355.590'], ['E02.319.913'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genome-wide profiling of histone h3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 trimethylation reveals an epigenetic signature in prostate carcinogenesis.
|
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence implicates the critical roles of epigenetic regulation in cancer. Very recent reports indicate that global gene silencing in cancer is associated with specific epigenetic modifications. However, the relationship between epigenetic switches and more dynamic patterns of gene activation and repression has remained largely unknown.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genome-wide profiling of the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3) was performed using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with whole genome promoter microarray (ChIP-chip) techniques. Comparison of the ChIP-chip data and microarray gene expression data revealed that loss and/or gain of H3K4me3 and/or H3K27me3 were strongly associated with differential gene expression, including microRNA expression, between prostate cancer and primary cells. The most common switches were gain or loss of H3K27me3 coupled with low effect on gene expression. The least prevalent switches were between H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 coupled with much higher fractions of activated and silenced genes. Promoter patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 corresponded strongly with coordinated expression changes of regulatory gene modules, such as HOX and microRNA genes, and structural gene modules, such as desmosome and gap junction genes. A number of epigenetically switched oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes were found overexpressed and underexpressed accordingly in prostate cancer cells.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This work offers a dynamic picture of epigenetic switches in carcinogenesis and contributes to an overall understanding of coordinated regulation of gene expression in cancer. Our data indicate an H3K4me3/H3K27me3 epigenetic signature of prostate carcinogenesis.
|
['Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genome, Human', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Lysine', 'Male', 'Methylation', 'MicroRNAs', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 19,262,738
|
[['G05.308.203'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
T-helper cell response to woodchuck hepatitis virus antigens after therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected animals treated with lamivudine.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Immunotherapy of patients chronically-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may have the risk of fulminant hepatitis. This risk might be diminished if immunotherapy was carried out under conditions of low viremia.METHODS: Five woodchucks chronically-infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a virus closely related to HBV, were treated with lamivudine for 23 weeks. At week 10, when viremia had decreased by 3-5 logs, three woodchucks were vaccinated with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) plus the T-helper determinant FISEAIIHVLHSR.RESULTS: It was found that the administration of lamivudine only, had no effect on the T-helper response against WHV antigens. By contrast, vaccination induced T-helper responses against WHV antigens, shifting the cytokine profile from Th2 to Th0/Th1, but was without effect on viremia, WHsAg levels, or anti-WHs antibodies. Analysis of liver biopsies showed that lamivudine administration may have reduced hepatic inflammation. By contrast, vaccination clearly enhanced hepatic inflammation. After lamivudine withdrawal, viremia returned to high levels.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected woodchucks under conditions of low viremia shifts the cytokine profile against viral antigens towards Th0/Th1. This shift may prevent the efficient induction of anti-WHs antibodies.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Chronic Disease', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck', 'Immunotherapy, Active', 'Lamivudine', 'Liver', 'Marmota', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Viral Load', 'Viremia']
| 11,495,027
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.327'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['B04.280.375.650.460', 'B04.450.390.650.460'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530', 'E05.478.550.600'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.950.500', 'D13.570.230.329.950.500', 'D13.570.230.500.925.500', 'D13.570.685.245.500.950.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.750.460'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['C01.925.937', 'C23.550.470.790.500.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular cloning of bovine eIF5A and deoxyhypusine synthase cDNA.
|
Deoxyhypusine synthase is the first of the two enzymes that catalyzes the maturation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). The mature eIF5A is the only known protein in eukaryotic cells that contains the unusual amino acid hypusine (N(epsilon)-(4-amino-2(R)-hydroxybutyl)-lysine). Synthesis of hypusine is essential for the function of eIF5A in eukaryotic cell proliferation and survival. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of bovine eIF5A and bovine deoxyhypusine synthase. The deduced bovine eIF5A protein is 100% identical to human eIF5A-1, and the deduced bovine deoxyhypusine synthase protein showed a 93% identity to the human protein.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cattle', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors', 'Peptide Initiation Factors', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Testis']
| 15,354,351
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.682.662'], ['D12.776.835.725'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in a large population of patients without revascularisation: registry data on the impact of calcium score.
|
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) for detecting significant coronary artery stenosis (?50% lumen reduction) at different coronary calcium score (CACS) values with conventional coronary angiography (CAG) as the reference standard.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1,500 patients (928 men, mean age 58.2±12.5 years) in sinus rhythm who underwent CTCA (64-slice technology) and CAG were enrolled. Diagnostic accuracy and likelihood ratios (LR) of CTCA were evaluated against CAG for the total population and in different CACS classes (0; 1-10; 11-100; 101-400; 401-1,000; >1,000).RESULTS: The prevalence of obstructive disease was 51% (23.5% single vessel; 27.5% multivessel; progressive increase from 17.9% to 94% through the CACS classes). In the per-patient analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CTCA were 99%, 92%, 94% and 99%, respectively. Per-patient analysis showed a worse PPV of CTCA (76-77%) in classes with low CACS (1-10/11-100). Per-patient LR were higher in classes with extreme CACS values (0 = LR+ 18.3 and LR- = 0.0; c1,000 = LR+ 17.0 and LR- = 0.0) with values always >7 for LR+ and <0.033 for LR- for all CACS classes.CONCLUSIONS: CTCA is a reliable diagnostic modality, with high sensitivity and NPV regardless of CACS.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Calcinosis', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 21,431,299
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.285', 'C14.907.585.250.285'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The impact of osteoporosis on quality-of-life: the OFELY cohort.
|
Although the long-term outcomes of osteoporosis (Op) such as fracture, kyphosis, and pain are well known, the physical, psychological, and social consequences, beyond fracture and pain, are less clear. The Osteoporosis-targeted Quality-of-life (OPTQoL) questionnaire aimed at assessing the physical difficulty, fears, and adaptations to one's daily life was developed as a cross-sectional instrument to characterize the burden of Op within a community. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Op and related factors on community women participating in the OFELY study in France. Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and OPTQoL questionnaire data were collected from women randomly selected from a large insurance company. Data were obtained for 756 women (mean age 59 years, range 36-92), most of whom were white. Women were classified into five groups based on the extent of physical manifestations and family history of Op. Women who had prior fractures, height loss, and/or kyphosis or both reported greater physical difficulty, more adaptations to their lives, and greater fears than women reporting no such changes. Scores on the Physical Difficulty domain, however, did not differ significantly based on BMD alone (BMD T score <or=2.5), after controlling for age and self-reported arthritis. The negative impact of Op on quality-of-life (QoL) seems to be more related to the physical manifestations of Op than to bone density levels. Recognition of the impact of Op-related factors on QoL may help health-care providers more fully appreciate the importance of prevention and treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Osteoporosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 12,110,409
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Insulinoma: diagnosis and localization procedures.
|
A 26-year-old Hispanic woman presented for evaluation of hypoglycemia documented by plasma glucose of 38mg/dl. A supervised 72-hour fasting test showed a plasma glucose of 30 mg/dl, insulin of 11 ulU/ml, proinsulin of 16.8 pmol/L and C-peptide 2.3 ng/ml after 16 hours of fasting. Sulfonylurea screen was negative. MRI showed a 12mm mass in the head of the pancreas. The tumor was resected and pathology was consistent with an insulinoma. The patient has been asymptomatic postoperatively with no hypoglycemia on repeat fasting. We reviewed here the different modalities for preoperative localization of insulinoma.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulinoma', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms']
| 16,562,763
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.035.100.852', 'C04.588.274.761.249.500', 'C04.588.322.475.249.500', 'C06.301.761.249.500', 'C06.689.667.249.500', 'C19.344.421.249.500'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus: predictors of poor response.
|
OBJECTIVE: Metformin can be regarded as a first-line treatment in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to its safety and effectiveness. However, a proportion of women do not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin alone. We aim to identify predictors of this poor response to metformin.DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective multicentre cohort study of women with GDM who started metformin as first-line treatment. The assessed cohort was divided into a metformin group and metformin plus insulin group. Biometric and demographic characteristics, glycemic control data, obstetric, neonatal and postpartum outcomes were compared between groups and analysed in order to identify predictors of poor response to metformin. Data were analysed using STATA, version 13.1.RESULTS: Of the 388 women enrolled in the study, 135 (34.8%) required additional insulin therapy to achieve the glycemic targets. Higher age (aOR: 1.08 (1.03-1.13), P = 0.003), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (1.06 (1.02-1.10), P = 0.003) and earlier introduction of metformin (0.89 (0.85-0.94), P < 0.001) were independent predictors for insulin supplementation. Regarding all the analysed outcomes, only cesarean delivery rates and postpartum glucose levels were higher in women requiring insulin supplementation.CONCLUSIONS: Although almost 35% of women did not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin, insulin supplementation was not associated with poor neonatal outcomes. Higher age, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and earlier introduction of metformin could be used as predictors of poor response to metformin.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Metformin', 'Portugal', 'Postpartum Period', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Failure']
| 29,070,511
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C13.703.170', 'C18.452.394.750.448', 'C19.246.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D02.078.370.141.450'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['G08.686.702'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Applications of a rapid endospore viability assay for monitoring UV inactivation and characterizing arctic ice cores.
|
We have developed a rapid endospore viability assay (EVA) in which endospore germination serves as an indicator for viability and applied it to (i) monitor UV inactivation of endospores as a function of dose and (ii) determine the proportion of viable endospores in arctic ice cores (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 [GISP2] cores; 94 m). EVA is based on the detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is released from endospores during germination. DPA concentrations were determined using the terbium ion (Tb3+)-DPA luminescence assay, and germination was induced by L-alanine addition. The concentrations of germinable endospores were determined by comparison to a standard curve. Parallel EVA and phase-contrast microscopy experiments to determine the percentage of germinable spores yielded comparable results (54.3% +/- 3.8% and 48.9% +/- 4.5%, respectively), while only 27.8% +/- 7.6% of spores produced CFU. EVA was applied to monitor the inactivation of spore suspensions as a function of UV dose, yielding reproducible correlations between EVA and CFU inactivation data. The 90% inactivation doses were 2,773 J/m2, 3,947 J/m2, and 1,322 J/m2 for EVA, phase-contrast microscopy, and CFU reduction, respectively. Finally, EVA was applied to quantify germinable and total endospore concentrations in two GISP2 ice cores. The first ice core contained 295 +/- 19 germinable spores/ml and 369 +/- 36 total spores/ml (i.e., the percentage of germinable endospores was 79.9% +/- 9.3%), and the second core contained 131 +/- 4 germinable spores/ml and 162 +/- 17 total spores/ml (i.e., the percentage of germinable endospores was 80.9% +/- 8.8%), whereas only 2 CFU/ml were detected by culturing.
|
['Arctic Regions', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Spores, Bacterial', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 17,021,233
|
[['Z01.208'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['A11.870.700', 'B05.775.700'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Perceptions of HAART among gay men who declined a treatment offer: preliminary results from an interview-based study.
|
As part of a prospective study of treatment decision making among people with HIV infection, we explored perceptions of HAART in a cohort who declined a treatment offer. This was a qualitative study in which 26 gay men were interviewed in relation to their views about HAART soon after treatment was recommended by their HIV physician. Fifteen themes were associated with the decision to decline HAART. These were grouped under three broad categories: doubts about personal necessity for HAART, concerns about potential adverse effects of taking HAART and satisfaction with the amount of personal control over the decision. These findings provide new insights into the type of beliefs that might inform people's evaluation of their perceived need for HAART and their concerns about HAART. Initiatives to support informed decisions should take account of these perceptions.
|
['Adult', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Cohort Studies', 'HIV Infections', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perception', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Refusal']
| 12,042,077
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F01.100.150.750.750', 'F01.145.488.887.750', 'I01.880.604.473.650.968', 'N03.706.437.650.875', 'N05.300.150.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Women's choices in non-invasive prenatal testing for aneuploidy screening: results from a single centre prior to introduction in England.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient choices and uptake of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for aneuploidy screening offered in a contingency model as part of routine care.METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed data for all women with a singleton pregnancy attending for routine first trimester screening over an 18-month period. Women with a 'high-chance' of trisomy 21, 18 or 13 (?1:150) were offered the choice of no further testing, NIPT or invasive testing, in line with the screening pathway recommended by the UK National Screening Committee.RESULTS: Of 9342 women attending for a first trimester ultrasound scan, 7939 women were included in this study. Of these, 352 had a high-chance screening result for trisomy 21, and 291 (82.7%) opted for NIPT. The proportion of women opting for NIPT decreased as the chance of trisomy 21 increased: uptake was 93.2%, 90.0%, 77.1% and 47.2% for women with a chance of 1:100-150, 1:50-99, 1:10-49 and >1:10, respectively. 516 women (5.5%) accessed primary NIPT screening in the private sector, and 638 women (6.8%) declined any aneuploidy screening or testing.CONCLUSION: Implementation of NIPT testing in a contingency model has a high uptake in a non-research National Health Service setting; the rate of uptake is related to the combined test risk result.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aneuploidy', 'Choice Behavior', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Noninvasive Prenatal Testing', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Trisomy 13 Syndrome', 'Trisomy 18 Syndrome', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']
| 31,243,005
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.396.500', 'E01.370.225.562.375', 'E01.370.225.998.054.396.500', 'E01.370.378.630.724', 'E05.200.500.384.100.396.500', 'E05.200.998.054.396.500', 'E05.242.384.100.396.500', 'E05.393.435.375', 'N02.421.308.430.250', 'N02.421.726.233.221.375'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.597.606.360.835', 'C14.240.400.970', 'C14.280.400.970', 'C16.131.077.919', 'C16.131.240.400.965', 'C16.131.260.923', 'C16.320.180.923'], ['C14.240.400.975', 'C14.280.400.975', 'C16.131.077.929', 'C16.131.240.400.968', 'C16.131.260.932', 'C16.320.180.932'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
An evaluation of the use of colonized periphyton as an indicator of wastewater impact in near-coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico.
|
Receiving water impacts of point source discharges to the Gulf of Mexico are seldom reported on indigenous flora. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of colonized periphyton to provide this information. Water quality and biomass and pigment concentrations of the periphyton were determined at 27 stations located above and below 8 wastewater discharges. Most physicochemical parameters and concentrations of pesticides and PCBs were either unchanged or below detection in the receiving waters, which contrasted occasional increases in concentrations of several trace metals and nutrients. The response of the periphyton was specific to the wastewater, colonization station, response parameter, and colonization period. Statistically significant differences in biomass and pigment content occurred for at least one colonization station located below each of the eight outfalls. This represented a total of 18 of the 21 stations located in wastewater-impacted areas. Phytostimulation was more common than inhibition. Ash-free dry weight increased, on average, by 181% (+/- 1 SD = 123%) and chlorophyll a increased by 356% (+/- 593%) in wastewater-impacted areas. The in situ phytostimulation paralleled the stimulatory trend observed in standardized NPDES whole effluent tests conducted with cultured microalgae for four of eight wastewaters. The use of colonized periphyton as an indicator of wastewater impact was not simple. Spatial variation in response needs consideration to ensure relevancy of the results if this assessment methodology is used for near-coastal wastewater hazard evaluations.
|
['Biomass', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Eukaryota', 'Population Dynamics', 'Risk Assessment', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollutants']
| 12,045,869
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['B01'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of a tumor necrosis factor-á antagonist on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis.
|
This prospective, randomized, and controlled study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor type I (sTNFRI, a TNF-á antagonist) on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis in rats. The experimental groups received an instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus an intramuscular injection of amoxicillin/clavulanate (antibiotic group), an instillation of sTNFRI (sTNFRI group), an instillation of sTNFRI and an injection of amoxicillin/clavulanate (sTNFRI/antibiotic group), or no additional treatment (LPS group). Histopathological changes were determined using hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Leakage of exudate was determined using fluorescence microscopy. Vascular permeability was measured using the Evans blue dye technique. Expression of MUC5AC was measured using reverse transcriptase PCR. The sTNFRI, antibiotic, and sTNFRI/antibiotic groups had significantly less capillary permeability, mucosal edema, PAS staining, and expression of MUC5AC than the LPS group. There were no differences in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, PAS staining, and MUC5AC expression between the sTNFRI and sTNFRI/antibiotic groups. The antibiotic group had PAS staining similar to that of the sTNFRI and sTNFRI/antibiotic groups but had a greater increase in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, and MUC5AC expression. This study shows that sTNFRI reduces inflammatory activity and mucus hypersecretion in LPS-induced rhinosinusitis in rats.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination', 'Animals', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Mucin 5AC', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Prospective Studies', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I', 'Rhinitis', 'Sinusitis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 21,772,791
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.374.160.060', 'D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050.060', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050.060', 'D03.633.100.300.374.160.060', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050.500', 'D26.310.102'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D12.776.395.560.631.100.500'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.597'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pulsed Doppler imaging and spectrum analysis for detection of carotid artery disease.
|
One hundred carotid arteries in 53 patients suffering from transient cerebral ischaemia or amaurosis fugax have been studied prospectively. Internal carotid arteries were assessed by a six-channel pulsed Doppler imaging system combined with Doppler spectrum analysis and the findings compared with those obtained by X-ray contrast arteriography. Stenosis (greater than 25% diameter reduction) was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96%. Occlusion was correctly diagnosed with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 97%. The ability to recognize arterial stenosis and occlusion with this noninvasive system suggests that it has a major part to play in screening patients with suspected carotid artery disease.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angiography', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'False Negative Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Ultrasonography']
| 6,711,905
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E01.354.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.196.867'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Weissella confusa: a rare cause of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteraemia.
|
We describe a case of bacteraemia caused by Weissella confusa in a 48-year-old male who was operated on for adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction and maintained on total parenteral nutrition. Blood cultures were positive for a vancomycin-resistant streptococcus-like organism which was identified as W. confusa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteremia', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Vancomycin', 'Vancomycin Resistance', 'Weissella']
| 21,596,906
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925'], ['G06.099.225.984', 'G06.225.347.984', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.984'], ['B03.353.750.475.900', 'B03.510.550.475.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Flow cytometric staining of pancreatic endocrine cells.
|
Few distinct surface markers have been identified for endocrine cells, but antibodies directed against hormonal epitopes are widely available. In this study, human fetal pancreatic beta cells were identified on the flow cytometer by intracellular staining for insulin. A paraformaldehyde based permeabilization scheme was used which preserves surface staining and helps maintain cell integrity while allowing antibodies access to compartments within the cell interior. Cells were first stained for surface antigens, fixed in paraformaldehyde, and then permeabilized in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.2 percent Tween. Intracellular staining was accomplished using a fluorescein conjugated anti-insulin monoclonal antibody. In this manner, major histocompatibility complex Class II antigen expression was documented on beta cells exposed to interferon gamma. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using hormonal content to identify endocrine cells by flow cytometry while simultaneously staining for surface antigens.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Pancreas', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 7,531,408
|
[['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['A03.734'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Organic Nitrate Contribution to New Particle Formation and Growth in Secondary Organic Aerosols from á-Pinene Ozonolysis.
|
The chemical kinetics of organic nitrate production during new particle formation and growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) were investigated using the short-lived radioactive tracer (13)N in flow-reactor studies of á-pinene oxidation with ozone. Direct and quantitative measurements of the nitrogen content indicate that organic nitrates accounted for ?40% of SOA mass during initial particle formation, decreasing to ?15% upon particle growth to the accumulation-mode size range (>100 nm). Experiments with OH scavengers and kinetic model results suggest that organic peroxy radicals formed by á-pinene reacting with secondary OH from ozonolysis are key intermediates in the organic nitrate formation process. The direct reaction of á-pinene with NO3 was found to be less important for particle-phase organic nitrate formation. The nitrogen content of SOA particles decreased slightly upon increase of relative humidity up to 80%. The experiments show a tight correlation between organic nitrate content and SOA particle-number concentrations, implying that the condensing organic nitrates are among the extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOC) that may play an important role in the nucleation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles.
|
['Aerosols', 'Air Pollutants', 'Monoterpenes', 'Nitrates', 'Ozone', 'Particle Size', 'Volatile Organic Compounds']
| 27,219,077
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['D02.455.849.575'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.974']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reducing plasma free fatty acids by acipimox improves glucose tolerance in high-fat fed mice.
|
To study whether free fatty acids (FFAs) contribute to glucose intolerance in high-fat fed mice, the derivative of nicotinic acid, acipimox, which inhibits lipolysis, was administered intraperitoneally (50 mg kg(-1)) to C57BL/6J mice which had been on a high-fat diet for 3 months. Four hours after administration of acipimox, plasma FFA levels were reduced to 0.46 +/- 0.06 mmol L(-1) compared with 0.88 +/- 0.10 mmol L(-1) in controls (P < 0.001). At this point, the glucose elimination rate after an intravenous glucose load (1 g kg(-1)) was markedly improved. Thus, the elimination constant (KG) for the glucose disposal between 1 and 50 min after the glucose challenge was increased from 0.54 +/- 0.01% min-1 in controls to 0.66 +/- 0.01% min-1 by acipimox (P < 0.001). In contrast, the acute insulin response to glucose (1-5 min) was not significantly different between the groups, although the area under the insulin for the entire 50-min period after glucose administration was significantly reduced by acipimox from 32.1 +/- 2.9 to 23.9 +/- 1.2 nmol L(-1) x 50 min (P = 0.036). This, however, was mainly because of lower insulin levels at 20 and 50 min because of the lowered glucose levels. In contrast, administration of acipimox to mice fed a normal diet did not affect plasma levels of FFA or the glucose elimination or insulin levels after the glucose load. It is concluded that reducing FFA levels by acipimox in glucose intolerant high-fat fed mice improves glucose tolerance mainly by improving insulin sensitivity making the ambient islet function adequate, suggesting that increased FFA levels are of pathophysiological importance in this model of glucose intolerance.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Dietary Fats', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Female', 'Glucose Intolerance', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pyrazines']
| 11,350,276
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D10.251.310'], ['C18.452.394.952.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D27.505.519.186.071', 'D27.505.954.557.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D03.383.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of poor health on competing exit routes from paid employment among older workers in 11 European countries.
|
Objectives The study aimed to (i) determine the influence of poor health on competing exit routes from paid employment among older workers in Europe, (ii) assess whether these risks are different among welfare state regimes in Europe, and (iii) evaluate differences in estimates between two different competing risk approaches. Methods The study population consisted of 5273 respondents (6-years follow-up) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The effect of poor health on exit routes from paid employment was assessed with a cause-specific Cox model and a Fine & Gray (F&G) model. These two competing risk analyses were used to calculate absolute risks of labor force exit among welfare state regimes in Europe. Results In both models, poor health was a risk factor for disability benefit [hazard ratio (HR) 3.36; subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 3.22], and unemployment (HR 1.43, SHR 1.32). Both models produced similar absolute risks. In countries with a Bismarckian welfare state regime, low-educated older workers living alone and in poor health had an 11% risk of disability benefit, 7% of unemployment, 46% of early retirement, and 7% of becoming economically inactive. In countries with a Scandinavian welfare state regime, the risks were 10%, 7%, 29%, and 3%, respectively, and in Southern European welfare state regimes 4%, 5%, 35%, and 7%. Conclusions Workers with poor health are more likely to leave the labor force than workers with good health. The absolute risks of early retirement and becoming economically inactive were lowest in countries with a Scandinavian welfare state regime. For disability benefit and unemployment, absolute risks were lowest in Southern European welfare state regimes. The direct estimation of absolute risks of leaving the labor force in the presence of competing exit routes is an appealing feature of the F&G model.
|
['Aging', 'Disabled Persons', 'Employment', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retirement', 'Risk Factors', 'Unemployment']
| 27,829,251
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['M01.150'], ['N01.824.245'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I03.702'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N01.824.245.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Quantitative anthropometry of the subatlantal cervical longitudinal ligaments.
|
STUDY DESIGN: The quantitative anthropometry of the cervical longitudinal ligaments was determined in 20 human cadaveric subatlantal cervical spines at the limits of flexion and extension.OBJECTIVES: To provide measurements of cervical anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament lengths, widths, and cross-sectional areas at segmental levels.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although mathematical models of the cervical spine require specific data to predict kinematics, the anthropometry of the cervical spine has not been examined in detail. The dimensional changes of ligaments in physiologic motion are not well characterized.METHODS: Segmental lengths and widths of the cervical longitudinal ligaments were measured in sagittal plane flexion and extension, using a three-dimensional electromagnetic digitizer. The cross-sectional areas of the ligaments at resting length were measured with a laser micrometer system. Comparisons between anterior and posterior location and among segmental levels were made. Several ligaments were examined histologically to determine the insertion sites and, thus, to define the segmental length.RESULTS: The anterior longitudinal ligaments were shorter in flexion than in extension. In extension, they were longer than the posterior longitudinal ligaments in flexion. The resting isolated ligaments were longer than the longest in situ lengths at several vertebral levels. The anterior longitudinal ligaments were wider at the disc than at the body. The cross-sectional area at C2-C3 was smaller than at subaxial levels. The longitudinal ligaments were observed to insert along the entire underlying vertebral body.CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative anthropometry of the cervical longitudinal ligaments is important in the development of accurate mathematical models of the cervical spine. The in situ ligaments may not be under tension in the physiologic range of motion.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anthropometry', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Longitudinal Ligaments', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pliability', 'Radiography', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 9,580,956
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['A02.165.308.410', 'A02.835.232.834.432', 'A10.165.382.350.050'], ['A02.513.514.350', 'A02.835.583.512.350', 'A10.165.669.514.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.374.705'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chinese herbs and bone disease.
|
We treated a patient with an unusual bone disease at least partly associated with Chinese herbs. Seven years after 65-year-old man had begun to consume Chinese herbs, multifocal osteoarthralgias were noted, and the patient was hospitalized for renal dysfunction (serum creatinine, 2.8 mg/dl; urea nitrogen, 19 mg/dl). Fanconi syndrome also was apparent. A renal biopsy specimen showed tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. Chinese herbs were discontinued and prednisolone was started, but bone and joint pain as well as renal function gradually worsened. Four years later, creatinine was 9.0 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase was 571 IU/l. As bone scintigraphy revealed localized asymmetric lesions, Paget's disease of bone was suspected at first. However, neither osteosclerosis nor hypertrophy was seen in radiographs. Based on a bone specimen histology we diagnosed as mixed-type renal osteodystrophy including osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa. Mosaic pattern of cement lines was not present. This case was not compatible with either Paget's disease or typical renal osteodystrophy as seen in dialysis patients. Etidronate disodium was effective in alleviating bone symptoms. The patient's bone disorder may be a new disease at least partly related to Chinese herbs independently of nephropathy.
|
['Aged', 'Bone Diseases', 'Bone and Bones', 'Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male']
| 12,729,324
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.116'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['C05.116.198.816.750', 'C12.777.419.080', 'C13.351.968.419.795', 'C18.452.104.816.750', 'C18.452.174.845.750', 'C18.654.521.500.133.770.734.750', 'C19.642.355.480.500'], ['E01.171'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Strychnine-sensitive modulation is selective for non-noxious somatosensory input in the spinal cord of the rat.
|
Touch-evoked allodynia, an important symptom of clinical neural injury pain, can be modelled acutely and reversibly in the urethane-anesthetized rat using intrathecal (i.t.) strychnine (STR). Allodynia, after i.t. STR (40 micrograms), is manifest as a significant enhancement of cardiovascular and motor responses evoked by normally innocuous brushing of the hair (hair deflection), as compared to responses evoked by either hair deflection after i.t. saline (SAL), or to i.t. STR (40 micrograms) with no tactile stimulus. The present study investigated: (1) the pharmacology of afferent neural inputs involved in STR-dependent allodynia using neonatal capsaicin and the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline (NBQX); and (2) the effect of i.t. STR on responses evoked by peripheral noxious stimulation. Neonatal capsaicin (25 mg/kg, s.c., post-natal day (PND) 1, and 50 mg/kg, s.c., PND 2, 3, 4, 11, 25, 55 and 85) significantly attenuated the responses evoked by noxious mechanical, thermal or chemical stimuli, but had no effect on STR-dependent allodynia. All hair deflection-evoked, STR-dependent responses were dose-dependently inhibited by i.t. NBQX. The ED50 values and 95% confidence intervals were 10.4 micrograms (5.5-19.6) for the motor withdrawal response, 14.4 micrograms (8.6-24.0) for changes in MAP and 12.2 micrograms (6.8-21.8) for changes in HR. Cortical EEG synchrony was unchanged by i.t. NBQX confirming its spinal locus of action. Intrathecal STR neither reduced nor enhanced the responses elicited by noxious stimuli in capsaicin- or vehicle-pretreated rats. These results indicate that STR-dependent allodynia is initiated by primary afferents not normally involved in nociception (possibly A beta-fibers), and that STR-sensitive modulation in the spinal cord is selective for non-noxious sensory input. The sensitivity of STR-dependent allodynia to non-NMDA receptor antagonists, and the failure of i.t. STR to produce hyperalgesia to mechanical, thermal or chemical noxious stimuli, confirm the independence of nociceptive pathways and STR-sensitive afferent inputs in this model.
|
['Anesthesia, General', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Blood Pressure', 'Capsaicin', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Male', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Pain', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Quinoxalines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Spinal Cord', 'Strychnine']
| 8,880,856
|
[['E03.155.197'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.723'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D03.132.436.681.722', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.722', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.722']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A shift in the long-term mode of foraminiferan size evolution caused by the end-Permian mass extinction.
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Size is among the most important traits of any organism, yet the factors that control its evolution remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate controls on the evolution of organismal size using a newly compiled database of nearly 25,000 foraminiferan species and subspecies spanning the past 400 million years. We find a transition in the pattern of foraminiferan size evolution from correlation with atmospheric pO2 during the Paleozoic (400-250 million years ago) to long-term stasis during the post-Paleozoic (250 million years ago to present). Thus, a dramatic shift in the evolutionary mode coincides with the most severe biotic catastrophe of the Phanerozoic (543 million years ago to present). Paleozoic tracking of pO2 was confined to Order Fusulinida, whereas Paleozoic lagenides, miliolids, and textulariids were best described by the stasis model. Stasis continued to best describe miliolids and textulariids during post-Paleozoic time, whereas random walk was the best supported mode for the other diverse orders. The shift in evolutionary dynamics thus appears to have resulted primarily from the selective elimination of fusulinids at the end of the Permian Period. These findings illustrate the potential for mass extinction to alter macroevolutionary dynamics for hundreds of millions of years.
|
['Biological Evolution', 'Body Size', 'Ecosystem', 'Extinction, Biological', 'Foraminifera', 'Fossils']
| 23,461,330
|
[['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.510'], ['B01.680.275'], ['I01.076.368.584.311']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glucocorticoids inhibit sulfur mustard-induced airway muscle hyperresponsiveness to substance P.
|
To explore the mechanisms of airway hyperreactivity to aerosolized substance P observed in guinea pigs 14 days after intratracheal injection of sulfur mustard (SM), we studied the effects of epithelium removal and inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity on airway muscle responsiveness. Tracheal rings from SM-intoxicated guinea pigs expressed a greater contractile response to substance P than rings from nonintoxicated guinea pigs. After epithelium removal or incubation with the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon, the contractile responses of tracheal rings to substance P did not differ in guinea pigs injected with SM or ethanol (SM solvent). Treatment of the guinea pigs with betamethasone for 7 days before measurement abolished the airway muscle hyperresponsiveness observed in untreated SM-intoxicated guinea pigs and partially restored tracheal epithelium NEP activity. In addition, the tracheal epithelium height and cell density of SM-intoxicated guinea pigs treated with betamethasone were significantly greater than in those without betamethasone. These results demonstrate that SM intoxication induces airway muscle hyperresponsiveness to substance P by reducing tracheal epithelial NEP activity and that glucocorticoids might inhibit this hyperresponsiveness by increasing this activity.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Aerosols', 'Animals', 'Betamethasone', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Ethanol', 'Glycopeptides', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Mustard Gas', 'Neprilysin', 'Substance P', 'Trachea']
| 7,532,648
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.199', 'D04.210.500.908.093'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D09.400.420', 'D12.644.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D02.455.526.728.468'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.600', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.600', 'D23.050.285.550', 'D23.101.140.500'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Filtering out deep brain stimulation artifacts using a nonlinear oscillatory model.
|
This letter is devoted to the suppression of spurious signals (artifacts) in records of neural activity during deep brain stimulation. An approach based on nonlinear adaptive model with self-oscillations is proposed. We developed an algorithm of adaptive filtering based on this approach. The proposed algorithm was tested using recordings collected from patients during the stimulation. This was then compared to existing methods and showed the best performance.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Algorithms', 'Biological Clocks', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Brain', 'Deep Brain Stimulation', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Humans', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Neurons', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 19,323,638
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G07.180.562.094'], ['G01.154'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E02.331.300', 'E04.190'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation.
|
Neural circuitry formation depends on the molecular control of axonal projection during development. By screening with fluorophore-assisted light inactivation in the developing mouse brain, we identified cartilage acidic protein-1B as a key molecule for lateral olfactory tract (LOT) formation and named it LOT usher substance (LOTUS). We further identified Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) as a LOTUS-binding protein. NgR1 is a receptor of myelin-derived axon growth inhibitors, such as Nogo, which prevent neural regeneration in the adult. LOTUS suppressed Nogo-NgR1 binding and Nogo-induced growth cone collapse. A defasciculated LOT was present in lotus-deficient mice but not in mice lacking both lotus- and ngr1. These findings suggest that endogenous antagonism of NgR1 by LOTUS is crucial for normal LOT formation.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Growth Cones', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ligands', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Nogo Proteins', 'Nogo Receptor 1', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Prosencephalon', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Signal Transduction']
| 21,817,055
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['A11.284.180.075.249', 'A11.284.180.225.340', 'A11.284.180.610.345', 'A11.671.137.340', 'A11.671.240.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['D12.776.543.620.738', 'D12.776.631.580.738'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.738.500', 'D12.776.543.484.500.738.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418.738.500', 'D12.776.543.750.600.500', 'D12.776.631.651.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of epidermal growth factor on glycolysis in A431 cells.
|
A431 cells were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to study the mechanism by which this factor accelerates the glycolytic flux. After EGF treatment, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) levels rose up to 2-fold. This change correlated with an increase in phosphofructokinase-2 activity, which was not due to a change in the transcription or translation of the enzyme, neither in the amount of enzyme. PK-C does not appear to be involved in the signalling mechanism since EGF was equally potent in PK-C depleted cells than in control cells. The increase in Fru-2,6-P2 levels was lower and more transient in cells treated with EGF in a calcium-free medium than in the presence of the cation, and it was restored by the addition of calcium to the medium. These results suggest a possible role for calcium-mediated pathways in the control of Fru-2,6-P2 levels in A431 cells.
|
['Calcium', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Fructosediphosphates', 'Glycolysis', 'Humans', 'Phosphofructokinase-1', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,533,122
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D09.894.417.313.300', 'D09.894.417.592.300'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.225.850.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative evaluation of tensile-bond strength, fracture mode and microleakage of fifth, and sixth generation adhesive systems in primary dentition.
|
Conservative procedures using dentin-bonding agents are one of the important aspects of pediatric dental practice. The objectives of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the tensile-bond strength, fracture mode (under SEM) and microleakage of total etching single bottle system to self-etching adhesive system in primary dentition. The flat buccal/lingual surfaces of 20 teeth were divided into two groups and treated with Single Bond (Group 1) and Adper Prompt (Group 2) to develop a composite resin cone. Then tensile-bond strength was measured using Instron machine. Fracture mode was evaluated in three specimens from each group under SEM. Microleakage of Class V composite restorations (in 20 teeth) with the above-mentioned adhesives was assessed under stereomicroscope after Basic fuschin dye immersion. Results showed no statistically significant difference between two groups. It was concluded that concerning the single step application with similar efficacy, the self-etching adhesive is better for bonding in primary dentition.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate', 'Coloring Agents', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Leakage', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Molar', 'Organophosphates', 'Phosphoric Acids', 'Rosaniline Dyes', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Tensile Strength', 'Tooth, Deciduous', 'Zirconium']
| 16,012,211
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['D02.241.081.069.600.150', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.100', 'D05.750.716.822.308.200', 'D25.339.816.500.200', 'D25.720.716.822.308.200', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.200', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.200'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.095'], ['C07.793.221'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['E06.308'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['D02.705.400'], ['D01.029.260.700.675', 'D01.695.625.675'], ['D02.092.146.755'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.850'], ['A14.549.167.860.700'], ['D01.268.556.950', 'D01.268.956.937', 'D01.552.544.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cancer mortality among workers at a satellite manufacturing facility.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess risk of cancer overall and renal cancer in particular among workers at the Valley Forge satellite manufacturing complex.METHODS: A cohort of 29,504 workers, employed between 1962 and 2008 at the complex, was studied. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated.RESULTS: Overall, 6583 workers had died by December 31, 2008. Standardized mortality ratios for all causes of death (0.70) and for all cancers (0.79) were reduced. Forty-three deaths from kidney cancer were observed, below the 67.2 expected (SMR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.46-0.86). The only significantly elevated SMR was for brain cancer (SMR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.08-1.63; n = 95).CONCLUSIONS: This study of 29,504 workers at the Valley Forge satellite complex over almost a 50-year span found no evidence of increased cancer mortality overall or from renal cancer, in particular. The unexpected finding for brain cancer warrants further investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Pennsylvania', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spacecraft']
| 21,427,608
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C24'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['J01.937.285.850.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Susceptibility of the human pathways graphs to fragmentation by small sets of microRNAs.
|
MOTIVATION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences that negatively regulate gene expression. The current understanding of miRNA and their corresponding mRNA targets is primarily based on prediction programs. This study addresses the potential of a coordinated action of miRNAs to manipulate the human pathways. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of disrupting the topology of human pathway graphs through a regulation by miRNAs.RESULTS: From a set of miRNA candidates that is associated with a pathway, an exhaustive search for all possible doubles and triplets (coined miR-Duo, miR-Trios) is performed. The impact of each miR-combination on the connectivity of the pathway graph was quantified. About 170 human pathways were tested, and the miR-Duos and miR-Trios were scored for their ability to disrupt these pathway graphs. We show that 75% of all pathways are effectively disconnected by a small number of pathway-specific miR-Trios. Only 15% of the human pathways are resistant to fragmentation by miR-Duos or miR-Trios. Significantly, the combination of the most effective miR-Trios is unique. Thus, a specific regulation of a pathway within the cell is guaranteed. The impact of the selected miR-Duo/Trios on various diseases is discussed.CONCLUSIONS: The methodology presented shows that the synthesis of the topology of a network with a detailed understanding of the miRNAs' regulation is useful in exposing critical nodes of the network. We propose the miR-Trio approach as a basis for rationally designed perturbation experiments.CONTACT: michall@cc.huji.ac.ilSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computational Biology', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 22,328,785
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurobehavioral functions, serum prolactin and plasma renin activity of manganese-exposed workers.
|
Objective of this study was to assess effects of manganese (Mn) exposure on 56 workers employed in a Mn welding workshop of a machine building factory in Taiyuan (Shanxi Province, P.R. China) for a mean period of 16.1 years. The mean air Mn level in the workshop was 138.4 microg/m3. Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB), including the Profile fo Mood States, (POMS), was performed. Blood pressure (BP) increase following immediate stand-up (BP-IS), serum prolactin (PRL) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in supine position were also determine. Most of the NCTB scores of the Mn-exposed workers were lower than those of controls, while the POMS scores were higher, indicating a Mn-induced impairment of neurophysiological functions and a deflection of mood towards negative emotion states. PRL values of the Mn-exposed workers were higher than those of the controls. BP-IS of Mn-exposed workers was significantly lower than that of the controls. PRA of the same workers was augmented more that 200%. In the Mn-exposed workers, the higher PRL values are possibly due to a reduced inhibitory effect on pituitary lactotrope cells by the tubero-infundibular dopamine system; the decreased BP-IS was referred to imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, whereas the higher basal PRA was thought to depend on neuroendocrine changes (including increased central sympathetic tone) and/or on a direct effect of Mn on renal juxta-glomerular cells. On the whole, this study demonstrates that occupational Mn exposure is responsible for neurobehavioral changes coexisting with alterations of neuroendocrine and humoral systems.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manganese', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Neurosecretory Systems', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Prolactin', 'Renin', 'Trace Elements']
| 15,345,187
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713'], ['C24'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of adding a cognitive dimension to the EuroQol multiattribute health-status classification system.
|
A methodological study was conducted to examine the effect of extending a frequently used simple multiattribute health-status classification system by adding a cognitive dimension. The EQ-5D questionnaire is a generic instrument to value health, developed by the EuroQol Group. The EQ-5D defines health according to five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. We defined 18 different health states according to the standard EQ-5D classification. A second set of health states was constructed similar to the first, except for the addition of a cognitive dimension (EQ-5D+C). Valuations of both sets of health states were statistically analyzed to detect the effect of the additional dimension. The cognitive dimension generated systematically different values compared with the standard EQ-5D version, whereas the content validity improved. Both systems evoked equally reliable values. Analyses showed that a simple additive model to predict summary values for health states was not optimal for both systems. Although there is a current lack of consensus regarding the domains that are selected to represent health status, this study has shown the importance of considering the inclusion of a cognitive domain.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pain', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Research Design', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 10,235,169
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Decreased levels of androgen binding protein in the reproductive tract of the restricted (Hre) rat.
|
A simple method was developed for assay of androgen binding protein (ABP) in the reproductive tract of male rats. Dextran-coated charcoal was employed to separate bound and free steroid. The number of binding sites quantified by this technique was the same as those determined by other procedures. The ABP levels in testis and epididymis of Hre rats was much lower than those from normal littermates. This abnormality was correlated with defective spermatogenesis in these animals.
|
['Aging', 'Androgens', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Charcoal', 'Dextrans', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Epididymis', 'Male', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Testicular Diseases', 'Testis']
| 960,142
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C12.294.829', 'C19.391.829'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
More exact quantification of interleukin-2 production by addition of anti-Tac monoclonal antibody to cultures of stimulated lymphocytes.
|
Human T-cells produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to in vitro stimulation with mitogens and antigens. Precise measurement of IL-2 production in vitro is hampered by binding of IL-2 to IL-2 receptors on activated T-cells which results in IL-2 consumption. In an attempt to prevent IL-2 consumption, we supplemented the cultures with anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody that functionally blocks the human lymphocyte receptor for IL-2. Addition of anti-Tac to cultures of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in a 2-4-fold increase of maximal levels of IL-2 in the supernatants. No decline of IL-2 concentrations beyond 18-24 h of culture was observed, indicating that anti-Tac effectively blocked IL-2 consumption. Comparison of the kinetics of IL-2 accumulation in the presence and absence of anti-Tac revealed that IL-2 consumption by mitogen-stimulated cells occurred as early as 6 h after culture initiation. Addition of anti-Tac to cultures of antigen-stimulated cells similarly resulted in higher IL-2 levels in the culture supernatants, and prevented the rapid decline of IL-2 concentrations at prolonged culture time. We conclude that addition of anti-Tac to lymphocyte cultures enables more exact quantification of in vitro IL-2 production, presumably by blocking IL-2 consumption. This finding offers new possibilities for the study of abnormalities of IL-2 production in different disease conditions.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Interleukin-2', 'Kinetics', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mitogens', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7']
| 3,033,083
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.048', 'D23.050.301.264.894.127', 'D23.101.100.894.127']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Demonstration of hormonal sensitivity in gynaecomastic tissue by thymidine incorporation in vitro.
|
Gynaecomastic tissue from six patients were tested for oestrogen and testosterone sensitivity as measured by thymidine incorporation in tissue fragments in vitro. The DNA synthesis of the cultures was increased in tissue from five out of the six patients under the influence of oestrogen, whereas it was increased in tissue from only one patient under the influence of testosterone. The results are discussed in relation to the medical histories of the patients and hormonal excretion studies done by others.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast', 'DNA', 'Estradiol', 'Gynecomastia', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Testosterone', 'Thymidine']
| 835,352
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.236'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['C17.800.090.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Celecoxib does not affect the release of hyaluronic acid in end stage osteoarthritic joints.
|
OBJECTIVES: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play a major role in the management of osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unknown whether these drugs affect cartilage and synovial metabolism in osteoarthritic joints. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on synovial fluids and tissues in severely osteoarthritic knees.METHODS: Patients were randomized into three groups and medicated two weeks prior to total knee arthroplasty with celecoxib, diclofenac sodium, or no medication (control). We checked for the presence of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á), interleukin-1â (IL-1â), and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the synovial fluids of all three groups.RESULTS: MMP-3 significantly decreased in the celecoxib-treated patients (p = 0.0031). On the other hand, there were no significant differences among the three groups in their TNF-á and IL-1â levels. HA in the joint fluid was significantly increased in the diclofenac-treated group, while HA was not changed in the celecoxib-treated patients.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that celecoxib did not affect the level of HA in the joint fluid in the knee in severe OA, in contrast to the effect of the dual COX inhibitor.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Celecoxib', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Diclofenac', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Pyrazoles', 'Sulfonamides', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 23,001,685
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['D02.065.884.247', 'D02.886.590.700.247', 'D03.383.129.539.160'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['D02.241.223.601.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Quantification, morphology, and viability of equine preantral follicles obtained via the Biopsy Pick-Up method.
|
A Biopsy Pick-Up (BPU) method was tested to determine the feasibility of retrieving preantral follicles from mare ovaries in vivo. A total of 33 ovarian biopsy procedures were performed on 18 mares during the breeding season. Mares were 5 to 21 years old and biopsies were performed during the estrous and/or diestrous phase, as confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography. Follicles were mechanically isolated using a tissue chopper, counted, and classified as normal or abnormal and primordial or primary. Viability of isolated follicles was determined by Trypan Blue dye. A total of 256 biopsy attempts were made resulting in 185 successful tissue sample collections (72% success rate). The mean weight of ovarian tissue collected per procedure was 25.0 ± 1.6 mg. Overall, 620 preantral follicles were collected and isolated (95% primordial and 5% primary). The mean (±SEM) number of follicles isolated per biopsy procedure was 18.8 ± 1.9. Primordial and primary follicles had an average diameter of 31.3 ± 6.2 and 41.1 ± 6.6 ìm, respectively. Viability rate was higher (P < 0.001) for primordial follicles (91%) compared with primary follicles (50%). Primordial follicles tended (P < 0.06) to have a higher rate of morphological normality (96%) compared with primary follicles (80%). The total number of follicles isolated, amount of tissue harvested, and number of follicles per mg of tissue did not differ (P > 0.05) according to phase of the estrous cycle. Younger mares (5 to 7 years old) had more (P < 0.05) follicles isolated per procedure than older mares (14 to 21 years old). The length of the interovulatory interval was not affected (P > 0.05) by any biopsy procedure, and there were no adverse effects on cyclicity or general reproductive health. In conclusion, the BPU method provided large numbers of normal and viable preantral follicles for the study of early follicular development in mares. The BPU method might be used in the future to obtain preantral follicles for in vitro culture to enable the use of numerous oocytes present within the equine ovary. This could allow for the preservation of genetic material or large-scale embryo production.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Breeding', 'Diestrus', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Horses', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Tissue and Organ Harvesting', 'Ultrasonography']
| 23,260,865
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['G08.686.195.374'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['E04.936.537'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Age-related changes in cardio-respiratory responses and muscular performance following an Olympic triathlon in well-trained triathletes.
|
The aim of the present study was to compare the maximal isometric torque and cardio-respiratory parameters in well-trained young and master triathletes prior to and following an Olympic distance triathlon. One day before and 24 h following the event, participants performed three maximum voluntary isometric knee extensions and flexions and an incremental running test on a treadmill to determine the maximal isometric torque, maximal oxygen uptake VO(2max), speed at VO(2max) (vVO(2)max), speed at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and submaximal running economy. Prior to the event VO(2max), vVO(2)max, speed at ventilatory thresholds and running economy were significantly lower in master athletes, but maximal voluntary torque was similar between the groups. 24 h following the race, a similar significant decrease in VO(2max) (-3.1% in masters, and -6.2% in young, p < 0.05), and vVO(2)max (-9.5% in masters, and -5.6% in young, p < 0.05) was observed in both the groups. The speed at VT2 significantly decreased only in master athletes (-8.3%, p < 0.05), while no change was recorded in maximal voluntary torque or submaximal running economy following the event. The results indicate that for well-trained subjects, the overall relative exercise intensity during an Olympic distance triathlon and the fatigue 24 h following the event seem to be independent of age.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Exercise Test', 'France', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Endurance', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Running', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Torque', 'Young Adult']
| 21,853,306
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['E01.370.386.700.660', 'G09.772.650'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G01.374.860.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux in neurogenic bladder--8 years' experience.
|
During an 8-year period, 51 children with neurogenic bladder had endoscopic injection of Teflon (STING) for the management of 69 refluxing ureters. There were 21 boys and 30 girls (age range, 10 month to 16 years). Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) had been present for a mean of 4.1 years, and severity distribution was as follows: grade I, 1 ureter; grade II, 5 ureters, grade III, 9 ureters; grade IV, 39 ureters; and grade V, 15 ureters. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 8 years (mean, 4 years). Reflux ceased in 57 ureters (82%); in four ureters the VUR recurred (9 months to 6 years later). Bilateral vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ) obstruction occurred in one patient, which required surgical correction 3 years after STING. These data suggest that for difficult cases of VUR in neurogenic bladders, STING is a safe and effective option and should be the initial treatment of choice. However, because of the possibility of late recurrence of VUR or obstruction at the VUJ, long-term follow-up is required.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 8,887,097
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['E05.581'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Muscle fatigue in myophosphorylase deficiency: power spectral analysis of the electromyogram.
|
It has been postulated that the power spectral shift in the surface EMG during fatigue is due to accumulation of muscle lactate. This hypothesis has been directly tested by measuring such shift in 3 patients with myophosphorylase deficiency who performed sustained isometric contractions of the quadriceps muscle. It was found that the spectral shift in these patients was greater than that in normal subjects, rendering lactate as a cause of this phenomenon very unlikely. The mechanism of excessive fatiguability in myophosphorylase deficiency is thought to be due to failure of excitation of the muscle membrane; further support for this postulate is provided and it is contended that accumulation of extracellular potassium ions may explain the phenomena of spectral shift in normals and myophosphorylase deficient patients and the excessive fatiguability in the latter.
|
['Adult', 'Electromyography', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Glycogen Storage Disease Type V', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Phosphorylases']
| 6,200,296
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['C23.888.369'], ['C16.320.565.202.449.560', 'C18.452.648.202.449.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Primitive trigeminal artery combined with arteriovenous malformation of the brain].
|
Analysis of the brain circulation and consequences of the intravascular surgery in a woman of 22 with a combined pathology--a primitive trifacial artery with an arteriovenous brain malformation--are presented. The arteriovenous malformation was cured surgically with the use of polystyrene emboli some of which penetrated through the primitive trifacial artery into the branches of carotis interna. The possibilities of the above combinations should be taken into consideration when the method of the intra-vascular surgery is to be chosen.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Adult', 'Arteries', 'Female', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Radiography']
| 1,859,285
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.520', 'C10.500.190.500', 'C14.240.850.750.295', 'C14.240.850.875.500', 'C14.907.150.295', 'C14.907.253.560.400', 'C16.131.240.850.750.295', 'C16.131.240.850.875.500', 'C16.131.666.190.500'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
HFA-BDP Metered-Dose Inhaler Exhaled Through the Nose Improves Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Bronchial Asthma: A Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.
|
Background: Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Japanese. ECRS highly associated with asthma is a refractory eosinophilic airway inflammation and requires comprehensive care as part of the united airway concept. We recently reported a series of ECRS patients with asthma treated with fine-particle inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) exhalation through the nose (ETN). Objective: To evaluate fine-particle ICS ETN treatment as a potential therapeutic option in ECRS with asthma. Methods: Twenty-three patients with severe ECRS under refractory to intranasal corticosteroid treatment were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either HFA-134a-beclomethasone dipropionate (HFA-BDP) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) ETN (n = 11) or placebo MDI ETN (n = 12) for 4 weeks. Changes in nasal polyp score, computed tomographic (CT) score, smell test, and quality of life (QOL) score from baseline were assessed. Fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was measured as a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Response to corticosteroids was evaluated before and after treatment. Additionally, deposition of fine-particles was visualized using a particle deposition model. To examine the role of eosinophils on airway inflammation, BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were co-incubated with purified eosinophils to determine corticosteroid sensitivity. Results: HFA-BDP MDI ETN treatment improved all assessed clinical endpoints and corticosteroid sensitivity without any deterioration in pulmonary function. FENO and blood eosinophil number were reduced by HFA-BDP MDI ETN treatment. The visualization study suggested that ETN at expiratory flow rates of 10-30 L/min led to fine particle deposition in the middle meatus, including the sinus ostia. Co-incubation of eosinophils with BEAS-2B cells induced corticosteroid resistance. Conclusions: Additional HFA-BDP MDI ETN treatment was beneficial in patients with ECRS and should be considered as a potential therapeutic option for eosinophilic airway inflammation such as ECRS with asthma. (UMIN-CTR: R000019325) (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Asthmatic Agents', 'Asthma', 'Beclomethasone', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chronic Disease', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Combinations', 'Eosinophils', 'Exhalation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated', 'Male', 'Metered Dose Inhalers', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Placebos', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Rhinitis', 'Sinusitis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,337,921
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.796.050'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.125', 'D04.210.500.883.154'], ['A11.251'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D26.310'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['G09.772.705.700.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.510'], ['E07.605.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PD-1/PD-L Pathway Potentially Involved in ITP Immunopathogenesis.
|
The binding of programmed death 1 (PD-1) to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 on antigen-presenting cells turns off autoreactive T cells and induces peripheral tolerance. Aberrant PD-1/PD-L signalling could result in a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and lead to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we detected PD-1 and PD-L expression on T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients with active disease by flow cytometry. The effects of PD-L1-Fc fusion protein (PD-L1-Fc) on T cells and on secretion of interferon-ã (IFN-ã) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were detected by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Compared with healthy controls, PD-1 expression was significantly increased in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from patients with active ITP. However, PD-L1 expression on monocyte-derived DCs was lower in patients with active ITP than in healthy controls. In vitro assays revealed that PD-L1-Fc increased T cell apoptosis, inhibited activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and decreased IFN-ã and IL-2 secretion in patients with active ITP. These results suggest that the aberrant PD-1/PD-L negative co-stimulatory pathway may play a role in ITP. Enhancing PD-1/PD-L signalling might be a promising therapeutic approach for ITP patients by enhancing T cell apoptosis, inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation and reducing secretion of inflammatory factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'B7-H1 Antigen', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Up-Regulation', 'Young Adult']
| 30,808,044
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.465.625', 'D12.776.467.150.300', 'D12.776.543.095.300', 'D23.050.301.285.400', 'D23.529.168.300'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['C15.378.100.802.687.600', 'C15.378.140.855.925.750.600', 'C15.378.463.740', 'C20.111.759', 'C20.841.600', 'C23.550.414.950.687.600', 'C23.888.885.687.687.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The role of intracellular cAMP in mediating the synchronizing action of noradrenaline on the evoked release of quanta of mediator in the frog synapse.
|
Experiments on frog neuromuscular junction preparations with extracellular recording of action currents in nerve endings and single-quantum currents from endplates were used to assess the time course of evoked quantum mediator secretion by analyzing histograms showing the distribution of true synaptic delays. Studies using the cyclic AMP analog dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the nucleotide-dependent phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine, showed that these agents, like noradrenaline, altered the kinetics of secretion of quanta, leading to synchronization of the release of mediator. After preliminary treatment of the neuromuscular preparation with db-cAMP, forskolin, or isobutylmethylxanthine, noradrenaline did not induce the synchronization of mediator release in quanta. It was concluded that the action of noradrenaline on the time course of secretion is mediated by activation of presynaptic beta receptors, increased adenylate cyclase activity, and increases in intracellular cAMP levels.
|
['1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Bucladesine', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Enzyme Activators', 'Microelectrodes', 'Motor Endplate', 'Norepinephrine', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Rana ridibunda', 'Synapses']
| 11,693,470
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.824.751.500'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D27.505.519.374'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['A08.800.550.550.550.500', 'A08.850.550.550.500', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.360'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid access to ketones related to oleanolic and ursolic acids.
|
We describe in this article a process with which to obtain different ketones related to oleanolic and ursolic acids from a natural source, Salvia canariensis L., with minimal use of chromatography columns. Amongst the isolated compounds was 12á-bromo-3-oxo-olean-13, 28-olide (3), which was fully characterised, including a characterisation of its molecular configuration by X-ray crystallographic analysis by 1 and 2-dimensional NMR techniques.
|
['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Ketones', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Oleanolic Acid', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Salvia', 'Triterpenes']
| 21,859,373
|
[['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D02.522'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D02.455.849.919.530.733', 'D02.455.849.919.650.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.922'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of acupuncture on serum insulin level in the patient of simple obesity].
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture plus ear point tapping and pressing therapy and simple medicine for slimming and to probe the mechanism.METHODS: Fifty cases of simple obesity were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 25 cases in each group. The acupuncture group were treated with body acupuncture and electroacupuncture at Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Feng-long (ST 40), Zusanli (ST 36), etc., combined with ear point sticking and pressing at Shenmen, Nei-fenmi (endocrine), Pi (spleen), Wei (stomach), Sanjiao (triple energy), Dachang (large intestine), etc.. The medication group were treated with oral administration of Sibutramine, once each day, 10 mg each time. Serum insulin contents before and after treatment were detected, and the therapeutic effect for slimming was assessed.RESULTS: The total effective rate was 88.0% in the acupuncture group and 80.0% in the medication group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05); after treatment, the serum insulin levels in the two groups significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the decrease of insulin level in the acupuncture group was significantly better than that in the medication group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with ear point tapping and pressing therapy has a similar therapeutic effect to western medicine for slimming, but the former is better than the later in improving serum insulin level.
|
['Acupuncture Therapy', 'Acupuncture, Ear', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Obesity']
| 18,257,349
|
[['E02.190.044'], ['E02.190.044.133', 'E02.190.204.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Polymeric micellar nanocarriers of benzoyl peroxide as potential follicular targeting approach for acne treatment.
|
The aim of this work was to optimize polymeric nano-sized micellar carriers of the anti-acne compound benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and to examine the ability of these carriers to deposit into hair follicles with the objective of improving skin delivery of BPO. BPO loaded polymeric micelles composed of Pluronic(®) F127 were prepared by the thin film hydration method and characterized in terms of size, loading capacity, morphology and physical stability. The optimized micelle formulation was then selected for skin delivery studies. The penetration of BPO loaded micellar carriers into skin and skin appendages across full thickness porcine skin was examined in vitro. Confocal microscopy images confirmed the penetration of Nile Red into hair follicles, which was loaded into micellar carriers as a model fluorescent compound. The relative safety of the polymeric micelles was evaluated with the MTT viability test using mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The results indicated that nano-sized polymeric micelles of BPO composed of Pluronic(®) F127 offer a potential approach to enhance skin delivery of BPO and that targeting of micelles into hair follicles may be an effective and safe acne treatment.
|
['Acne Vulgaris', 'Animals', 'Benzoyl Peroxide', 'Cell Line', 'Drug Carriers', 'Mice', 'Micelles', 'Nanoparticles', 'Polymers']
| 27,434,156
|
[['C17.800.030.150', 'C17.800.794.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.100.133', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.133'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Renal net acid excretion in the adrenalectomized rat.
|
Although adrenalectomy is usually associated with an impairment of ammonium and/or titratable acid excretion by the kidney, it is uncertain whether rates of renal net acid excretion are also reduced. Further, it is unclear whether the absence of the adrenal gland itself or other factors of adrenal insufficiency mediate such changes in renal acidification parameters. For example, dramatic increases in ammonium excretion can accompany correction of the hyperkalemia seen in adrenal insufficiency. There is also evidence that reduced rates of acid excretion can result from changes in food intake, urine flow rate, urine pH or distal sodium delivery rates. With these considerations in mind, we undertook studies to isolate the chronic effects of adrenalectomy on renal net acid excretion rates in the unanaesthetized rat. To avoid supranormal potassium stores, we gave the adrenalectomized animals potassium-restricted diets. In balance studies, urine flow rates, urine pH, food intake, and distal sodium delivery rates were all successfully controlled for 13 days by pair feeding and by appropriately changing the sodium and potassium contents of diets. Adrenalectomized rats excreted less net acid than did control animals with or without ammonium chloride loading. Further, the severe metabolic acidosis associated with ammonium chloride loading was clearly mitigated by steroid replacement. Accordingly, we conclude that the adrenal gland is essential for normal renal net acid excretion.
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Acidosis', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Diet', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Concentrating Ability', 'Male', 'Natriuresis', 'Potassium', 'Rats']
| 7,241,886
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['C18.452.076.176'], ['A06.300.071'], ['E04.270.115'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G02.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G08.852.536'], ['G08.852.179.557'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early Foot Structural Changes After Lateral Column Exostectomy in Patients With Charcot Foot.
|
Although exostectomy for chronic midfoot plantar ulcers in Charcot foot is apparently effective, with healing rates of nearly 75%, a subset of patients develop recurrent ulceration and show an unstable foot position, especially after undergoing exostectomy confined to the lateral column. The reasons for this failure have not been investigated. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the early changes in radiographic alignment after an exostectomy in patients with Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (rocker bottom) and plantar ulcer located in the lateral column. The present study evaluated retrospectively changes in radiographic alignment after an exostectomy in 12 Charcot feet (rocker bottom) with plantar ulcer located in the lateral column. Indication for plantar exostectomy was the treatment of ulcer affected by osteomyelitis. We evaluated the early changes in the alignment of the foot on weight-bearing lateral radiographs 6 months after exostectomy. Paired sample Wilcoxon test was used to calculate the differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements. Furthermore, the relationship between revision surgery and early changes in radiographic angular measurements was determined by using the Mann-Whitney U test. After exostectomy, the inclination of the calcaneal bone decreased (P = .003; r = 0.849) and declination of talus bone increased (P = .041; r = 0.589). The change in calcaneal inclination was associated with revision surgery (P = .042; r = 0.586). The present case series demonstrates that exostectomy procedure for the lateral column in patients with Charcot foot results in radiological changes in the hindfoot over the sagittal plane. The inversion of the calcaneal pitch angle suggests the possibility of further adverse events and the need for revision surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Arthropathy, Neurogenic', 'Bone Malalignment', 'Calcaneus', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Foot Ulcer', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Osteotomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Radiography', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Talus', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wound Healing']
| 31,111,761
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.186'], ['C05.116.214'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.300'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C17.800.321.250', 'C17.800.893.592.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['E04.555.580'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.780'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prediction of the cardiac muscle force-velocity relation from its force-time and force-length relations.
|
The force-velocity relation for cardiac muscle fibers can be calculated from a proposed constitutive law based on force-time and force-length data. The calculated force-velocity relation agrees quite well with the measured force-velocity relation obtained from a quick release of sarcomere controlled rat cardiac trabeculae. The theory confirms the measured linear relationship between maximal velocity of sarcomere shortening and sarcomere length. The implication is that the force-velocity relation is not an independent property, and therefore need not be explicitly included as a rheological element in the constitutive law.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Rheology', 'Sarcomeres']
| 1,932,709
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['A10.690.552.875.700', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.820', 'A11.620.249.850.700', 'A11.620.500.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A study of organic acid production in contrasts between two phosphate solubilizing fungi: Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger.
|
Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) have huge potentials in enhancing release of phosphorus from fertilizer. Two PSF (NJDL-03 and NJDL-12) were isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger respectively in this study. The quantification and identification of organic acids were performed by HPLC. Total concentrations of organic acids secreted by NJDL-03 and NJDL-12 are ~4000 and ~10,000 mg/L with pH values of 3.6 and 2.4 respectively after five-days culture. Oxalic acid dominates acidity in the medium due to its high concentration and high acidity constant. The two fungi were also cultured for five days with the initial pH values of the medium varied from 6.5 to 1.5. The biomass reached the maximum when the initial pH values are 4.5 for NJDL-03 and 2.5 for NJDL-12. The organic acids for NJDL-12 reach the maximum at the initial pH = 5.5. However, the acids by NJDL-03 continue to decrease and proliferation of the fungus terminates at pH = 2.5. The citric acid production increases significantly for NJDL-12 at acidic environment, whereas formic and oxalic acids decrease sharply for both two fungi. This study shows that NJDL-12 has higher ability in acid production and has stronger adaptability to acidic environment than NJDL-03.
|
['Aspergillus niger', 'Carboxylic Acids', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Culture Media', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Penicillium', 'Phosphates']
| 27,126,606
|
[['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['D02.241'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.300.381.662'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphorylation of Smads by Intracellular Kinases.
|
Smad proteins transduce the TGF-? family signal at the cell surface into gene regulation in the nucleus. In addition to being phosphorylated by the TGF-? family receptors, Smads are phosphorylated by a variety of intracellular kinases. The most studied are by cyclin-dependent kinases, the MAP kinase family members, and GSK-3. Phosphorylation by these kinases regulates Smad activities, leading to various biological effects. This chapter describes the methods for analyzing Smad phosphorylation by these kinases.
|
['Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Enzyme Assays', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intracellular Space', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinases', 'Smad Proteins']
| 26,520,119
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['E05.196.427'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['E05.481'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D12.644.360.024.334', 'D12.776.157.057.170', 'D12.776.260.713', 'D12.776.476.024.428', 'D12.776.930.806']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids from a fungicolous isolate of Pestalotiopsis disseminata.
|
Three new caryophyllene-type sesquiterpene alcohols, 6-hydroxypunctaporonin E (1), 6-hydroxypunctaporonin B (2), and 6-hydroxypunctaporonin A (3), have been isolated from cultures of the fungicolous fungus Pestalotiopsis disseminata. The structures of 1-3 were determined mainly by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. The structure and absolute configuration of 6-hydroxypunctaporonin E (1) was confirmed through X-ray crystallographic analysis of its mono-bromobenzoate derivative. Compounds 1 and 2 showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Aspergillus flavus', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Candida albicans', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fusarium', 'Molecular Structure', 'Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes', 'Sesquiterpenes', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 16,643,036
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['B01.300.381.081.170'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.300.381.366'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.849.765.674', 'D04.663'], ['D02.455.849.765'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Last fluoroscopy hold in paediatric fluoroscopy: dynamic capture of physiological events and a potential for radiation exposure time reduction.
|
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate last fluoroscopy hold (LFH) in paediatric fluoroscopy. LFH is a software program that enables dynamic storage of last fluoroscopy sequences. A hundred and ninety-four paediatric patients underwent 215 fluoroscopy examinations during a 14-month period. LFH was employed to review an equivocal finding, when last image hold did not provide an adequate diagnostic image or when a physiologic dynamic event was too fast or did not last long enough to capture. LFH was used in 29% of the examinations. The Institutional Review Board approved this study and waived informed consent.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiation Protection', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 22,339,751
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['N06.850.810.425'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic choreo-athetosis in a child with visual hallucinations and obsessive-compulsive behaviour.
|
A teenage male is described, in whom Tourette Syndrome was suspected, which was later replaced by attacks of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreo-athetosis. He also exhibited bizarre, episodic perceptual distortions of his visual environment and manifestations of an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Carbamazepine treatment not only completely eliminated the recurring attacks of his choreo-athetosis but also, contrary to expectations, the visual disturbances and even the symptoms of his obsessive-compulsive disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder should be searched for by direct questioning in all patients with basal ganglia disorders.
|
['Adolescent', 'Athetosis', 'Carbamazepine', 'Chorea', 'Family', 'Hallucinations', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 7,698,527
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C10.597.350.110', 'C23.888.592.350.110'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['C10.228.662.262.249', 'C10.597.350.250', 'C23.888.592.350.250'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['C10.597.606.762.300', 'C23.888.592.604.764.300', 'F01.700.750.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A fixed combination of metoprolol slow-release and chlorthalidone, given once daily, in the long-term treatment of arterial hypertension.
|
A fixed combination of metoprolol slow-release 200 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg was given once daily over a 3 months period in forty out-patients with mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension stage I or II WHO. The combination elicited a clear-cut antihypertensive effect lasting at least 24 hours after drug. As compared with pre-treatment values, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were gradually reduced within the first month of treatment, remaining nearly constant in the following 2 months. Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. Neither serum potassium nor any other laboratory test (creative, glucose, uric acid, etc) showed significant changes. In conclusion, slow-release metoprolol fixed association with chlorthalidone provides a safe and effective treatment of arterial hypertension even on a long-term basis. The once daily dosing schedule may considerably improve patient's compliance.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arteries', 'Chlorthalidone', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Long-Term Care', 'Metoprolol', 'Middle Aged', 'Propanolamines']
| 6,802,690
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114'], ['D02.065.884.365', 'D02.455.426.559.389.134.500', 'D02.478.600.500', 'D02.522.223.500', 'D02.886.590.700.365', 'D03.633.100.513.750.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.573', 'D02.033.755.624.698.573', 'D02.092.063.624.698.573'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Does co-infection with multiple viruses adversely influence the course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in children?
|
BACKGROUND: This study looked at the frequency of co-infection with multiple hepatotropic viruses and the effect of such infection on the course and outcome of acute sporadic viral hepatitis (AVH) and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in children.METHODS: Consecutive children up to 15 years of age presenting with AVH or FHF between January 1998 and July 2002 were evaluated prospectively. The following viral markers were assessed in all children: immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV), IgM anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), IgM anti-hepatitis B core (HBc), and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV).RESULTS: A total of 149 children were included in the study, 122 with AVH and 27 with FHF. Co-infection with multiple viruses was detected in 30 (24.6%) AVH patients (A+E in 24, A+B in three, and E+B, A+C and A+E+B in one each) and seven (26%) FHF patients (A+E in five, and A+B and E+B in one each). The majority of single infections were due to HAV (AVH 70/92, FHF 14/20) followed by HEV (AVH 9/92, and FHF 5/20). HEV infection was associated with infection with another agent in 88% of patients with AVH (odds ratio 53, 95% confidence interval 15-186, P<0.0001). Frequency of anicteric state, prolonged cholestasis, relapsing hepatitis, ascites, hemolysis and mortality rates were similar in the single and multiple infection groups for both AVH and FHF patients.CONCLUSIONS: Co-infection with multiple viruses is observed in one-quarter of patients with sporadic AVH in childhood. Such infection does not produce a more severe disease. HEV positivity is a strong marker for multiple infections.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hepatitis Viruses', 'Hepatitis, Viral, Human', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Liver Failure, Acute', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,928,213
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B04.450'], ['C01.925.440', 'C06.552.380.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C06.552.308.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Functional activity of a transformed thymic epithelial cell line.
|
In an attempt to obtain pure populations of nonlymphoid thymic cells, monolayers of thymic cells enriched for low-density cells were transformed with SV40. This paper describes the characteristics of the initial cell lines which resulted from this approach. These cell lines appeared to be of epithelial origin by morphologic criteria (extensive surface microvilli and pronounced intercellular tight functions) and by biochemical analysis, since they possessed mouse keratin proteins. They did not possess I-region-associated antigens on their surface, markers that have been detected on normal thymic epithelium. Functionally, these transformed cell lines secreted a factor capable of inducing thymocytes to mature to functional cytotoxic effector cells directed against allogeneic stimulators. This factor did not appear to be interleukin 1, interleukin 2, or colony-stimulating factor; did not result in thymocyte proliferation; and did not affect peripheral T cells. The cell lines described in this report should prove useful in delineating the steps by which immature T cells acquire their immunocompetence in the thymus.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Simian virus 40', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Thymus Gland']
| 6,302,828
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Successful prior treatment with dasatinib followed by stem cell transplantation in a patient with CML in blastic crisis with a BCR-ABL mutation.
|
We report a case of imatinib- and nilotinib-resistant Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis in which successful pretreatment with dasatinib with cord blood transplantation resulted in molecular remission. Before dasatinib therapy, the patient was found to have a F359V BCR-ABL mutation. He was treated with dasatinib for just 16, 19 days before allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This successful case indicates that reduction of tumor burden by second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in combination with stem cell transplantation, might be effective to treat CML, even in the advanced phase.
|
['Blast Crisis', 'Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Dasatinib', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyrimidines', 'Thiazoles']
| 20,047,099
|
[['C04.557.337.539.250.100', 'C04.697.098.500.110', 'C15.378.190.636.370.100', 'C23.550.727.098.500.110'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.312', 'E04.936.225.687.312'], ['D02.886.675.184', 'D03.383.129.708.198', 'D03.383.742.148'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500.500', 'D12.776.602.500.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.171.500'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Binding of photobilirubin to human serum albumin. Estimate of the affinity constant.
|
Results of experiments based upon circular dichroic spectra suggest that configurationally (Z leads to E) isomerized bilirubin (photobilirubin) binds to human serum albumin at the primary bilirubin binding site with an affinity only 2-3 times lower than that of bilirubin. The high affinity of photobilirubin for albumin, comparable to that of bilirubin, supports the roles of albumin in the stabilization and transport of the isomerized pigment in vivo and strongly suggests that albumin also functions to sequester photobilirubin effectively, reducing its toxic potential. The high affinity of photobilirubin for albumin predicts that the isomerized pigment, formed in large amounts during phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, should not appear in the fast-diazo-reacting ('direct') bilirubin pool nor should it interfere with nonspectroscopic bilirubin binding tests. These predictions were confirmed for the Evelyn and Malloy diazo assay for 'direct' bilirubin and a Sephadex chromatography method for assessing 'loosely bound' plasma bilirubin.
|
['Bilirubin', 'Binding Sites', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Humans', 'Protein Binding', 'Serum Albumin', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 6,840,080
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Forest corridors maintain historical gene flow in a tiger metapopulation in the highlands of central India.
|
Understanding the patterns of gene flow of an endangered species metapopulation occupying a fragmented habitat is crucial for landscape-level conservation planning and devising effective conservation strategies. Tigers (Panthera tigris) are globally endangered and their populations are highly fragmented and exist in a few isolated metapopulations across their range. We used multi-locus genotypic data from 273 individual tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) from four tiger populations of the Satpura-Maikal landscape of central India to determine whether the corridors in this landscape are functional. This 45 000 km(2) landscape contains 17% of India's tiger population and 12% of its tiger habitat. We applied Bayesian and coalescent-based analyses to estimate contemporary and historical gene flow among these populations and to infer their evolutionary history. We found that the tiger metapopulation in central India has high rates of historical and contemporary gene flow. The tests for population history reveal that tigers populated central India about 10 000 years ago. Their population subdivision began about 1000 years ago and accelerated about 200 years ago owing to habitat fragmentation, leading to four spatially separated populations. These four populations have been in migration-drift equilibrium maintained by high gene flow. We found the highest rates of contemporary gene flow in populations that are connected by forest corridors. This information is highly relevant to conservation practitioners and policy makers, because deforestation, road widening and mining are imminent threats to these corridors.
|
['Animals', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Biological Evolution', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecosystem', 'Endangered Species', 'Gene Flow', 'Genetic Variation', 'India', 'Models, Genetic', 'Tigers']
| 23,902,910
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['G05.330.159'], ['G05.365'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.600.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Human monoclonal antibody: 2. Simultaneous expression of IgG and IgM with similar binding specificities by a human hybrid clone.
|
The human hybridoma clone JDB1 has been in continuous culture for over 40 months. This clone simultaneously produces both IgG and IgM. These two molecules have been separated and examined immunochemically. Both of the simultaneously secreted immunoglobulins contain lambda light chains. In addition, both of the antibodies react with breast cancer cells but not in an identical fashion. The implications of this multiple antibody response and the heterogeneity of tumor antigens is discussed.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neoplasm', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains']
| 3,119,464
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.240', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.240', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.240'], ['G12.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.550', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.550', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.550']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tissue-specific expression, heat inducibility, and biological roles of two hsp16 genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.
|
In this report we have examined two new heat shock protein (HSP16) proteins in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans encoded by the open reading frames F08H9.3 and F08H9.4. The F08H9.3 and F08H9.4 genes are oriented in the same direction next to each other on the chromosome, not sharing any promoter region, unlike other hsp16 genes that share common promoters in pairs. The F08H9.3 and F08H9.4 proteins were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, unlike the other four HSP16 proteins. F08H9.3 was expressed in the pharynx, and F08H9.4 in the excretory canal and a few neuronal cells. While F08H9.3 was weakly induced by heat shock only in the same tissue as under the normal condition, F08H9.4 was newly induced in the intestine. RNA interference experiments showed that these two proteins are required for survival under the heat shock condition.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'DNA Primers', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hot Temperature', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Organ Specificity', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 12,606,046
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G07.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.800'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pathogen recognition by NK cells amplifies the pro-inflammatory cytokine production of monocyte-derived DC via IFN-ã.
|
BACKGROUND: Besides their prominent role in the elimination of infected or malignantly transformed cells, natural killer (NK) cells serve as modulators of adaptive immune responses. Enhancing bidirectional crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) is considered a promising tool to potentiate cancer vaccines. We investigated to what extent direct sensing of viral and bacterial motifs by NK cells contributes to the response of inflammatory DC against the same pathogenic stimulus.RESULTS: We demonstrated that sensing of bacterial and viral PAMPs by NK cells contributes to DC cytokine production via NK cell-derived soluble factors. This enhancement of DC cytokine production was dependent on the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonist but also on the cytokine environment in which NK cells recognized the pathogen, indicating the importance of accessory cell activation for this mechanism. We showed in blocking experiments that NK cell-mediated amplification of DC cytokine secretion is dependent on NK cell-derived IFN-ã irrespective of the PRR that is sensed by the NK cell.CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate the importance of bidirectional interaction between different PRR-expressing immune cells, which can have implications on the selection of adjuvants for vaccination strategies.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Humans', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Monocytes', 'Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules', 'Receptors, Pattern Recognition']
| 29,433,450
|
[['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.469'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D23.585'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alterations in genomic profiles during tumor progression in a mouse model of follicular thyroid carcinoma.
|
The molecular genetics underlying thyroid carcinogenesis is not well understood. We have recently created a mutant mouse by targeting a mutation (PV) into the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (TRbetaPV mouse). TRbetaPV/PV mice spontaneously develop follicular thyroid carcinoma through pathological progression of hyperplasia, capsular and vascular invasion, anaplasia and eventually metastasis to distant organs. TRbetaPV/PV mice provide an unusual opportunity to study the alterations in gene regulation that occur during thyroid carcinogenesis. To this end, we profiled the genomic changes in the thyroids of TRbetaPV/PV mice at 6 months of age, at which time metastasis had begun. From arrays of 20 000 mouse cDNAs, 185 genes were up-regulated (2-17-fold) and 92 were down-regulated (2-20-fold). Functional clustering of named genes with reported functions (100 genes) indicated that approximately 39% of these genes were tumor-, metastasis/invasion- and cell-cycle-related. Among the activated tumor-related genes identified, cyclin D1, pituitary tumor transforming gene-1, cathespin D and transforming growth factor alpha were also found to over-express in human thyroid cancers. Analyses of the gene profiles suggested that the signaling pathways mediated by thyrotropin, peptide growth factors, transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB were activated, whereas pathways mediated by peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma were repressed. These results indicate that complex alterations of multiple signaling pathways contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis. The critical genes associated with thyroid follicular carcinogenesis uncovered in the present study could serve as signature genes for diagnostic purposes, as well as for possible therapeutic targets.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular', 'Cell Cycle', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Receptors, Thyroid Hormone', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 12,869,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.060.225', 'C04.557.470.200.025.085.225'], ['G04.144'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D12.776.624.664.700.830', 'D12.776.826.850'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.624.664.700.830.750', 'D12.776.826.850.750'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of hospices on health care expenditures--the case of Taiwan.
|
Cancer has been the leading cause of death in Taiwan since 1982, with nearly one out of four deaths caused by malignant neoplasm. The huge amount of money being spent in the acute care setting for terminally ill cancer patients does not increase their wellbeing. In this study, we employ an Instrumental Variable (IV) model to correct for the self-selection problem and use population-based insurance claim data to test two null hypotheses: there is no difference in total expenditures between hospice care and conventional care, and that there is no difference in total expenditures between hospital-based hospice care and home hospice care. Both null hypotheses are rejected.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cost Savings', 'Cost of Illness', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Services Research', 'Home Care Services', 'Hospice Care', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Econometric', 'Neoplasms', 'Taiwan', 'Terminal Care']
| 11,996,030
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.160.200'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['E02.760.905.400', 'N02.421.585.905.400'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.600.500', 'E05.599.835.890.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600.500'], ['C04'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['E02.760.905', 'N02.421.585.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The use of equipment and training practices and the prevalence of owner-reported ridden behaviour problems in UK leisure horses.
|
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: UK leisure horses are owned primarily for riding. Ridden behaviour problems may compromise the use of the horse in this role and lead to harsh redress or relinquishment of the horse. Despite the consequences of these problems little is known about their prevalence or the working lives of UK leisure horses.OBJECTIVES: To generate data on the work undertaken by leisure horses, the equipment and training practices used with them and prevalence of ridden behaviour problems.METHODS: An internet survey was used to generate horse-level data from a convenience sample of leisure horse carers. Respondents were asked to report on their practices in the week prior to the survey's completion to minimise recall bias. The survey was online for one year to allow for seasonal variation in practices. Data were collected on the tack and equipment used on the horse, the regularity that professional services (e.g. farriers) were used, type of training employed and frequency the owner reported that horse displayed 15 ridden behaviour problems.RESULTS: The survey generated data on 1326 individual horses. Data describing practices relating to the horse's working life are presented. Ridden behaviour problems were reported in 91% of horses in the week preceding data collection.CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Descriptive data on the working lives of UK leisure horses provides valuable baseline statistics for this largest section of the UK horse population. High prevalence of owner-reported ridden behaviour problems represents a concern in such leisure horses and may indicate significant rider safety and horse welfare concerns.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Data Collection', 'Horses', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Recreation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom']
| 22,506,773
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['I03.450.642'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Diagnostic Performance of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Multiple Hilar and Mediastinal Lymph Nodes with FDG Accumulation.
|
BACKGROUND: It is sometimes difficult to assess patients who have multiple hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (MHMLN) with FDG accumulation in PET-CT. Since it is uncertain whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is useful in the assessment of such patients, its diagnostic performance was assessed.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients who had three or more stations of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes with SUVmax of 3 or more in PET-CT were included in this study.RESULTS: For diagnosis of disease, there were 20 malignancies (lung cancers 17, malignant lymphomas 2 and metastatic lung tumor 1), and 3 benign cases (sarcoidosis 2 and benign disease 1). For diagnosis of lymph nodes, there were 7 malignancies (metastasis of lung cancer 7 and malignant lymphoma 1) and 16 benign lymphadenopathies (pneumoconiosis/silicosis 7, sarcoidosis 4, benign disease 4, and atypical lymphocyte infiltration 1). The ADC value (1.57±0.29x10(-3) mm2/sec) of malignant MHMLN was significantly lower than that (1.99±0.24x10(-3) mm2/sec) of benign MHMLN (P=0.0437). However, the SUVmax was not significantly higher (10.0±7.34 as compared to 6.38±4.31) (P=0.15). The sensitivity (86%) by PET-CT was not significantly higher than that (71%) by DWI for malignant MHMLN (P=1.0). The specificity (100%) by DWI was significantly higher than that (31%) for benign MHMLN (P=0.0098). Furthermore, the accuracy (91%) with DWI was significantly higher than that (48%) with PET-CT for MHMLN (P=0.0129).CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation by DWI for patients with MHMLN with FDG accumulation is useful for distinguishing benign from malignant conditions.
|
['Aged', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Mediastinum', 'Middle Aged', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Pneumoconiosis', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 26,434,850
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C15.604'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['A01.923.761.800.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['C08.381.483.581', 'C08.381.520.702', 'C24.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C15.604.515.827'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Endoscopic pleomorphic adenoma of nasal septum resection assisted by low-temperature plasm radiofrequency: a case report].
|
We present an extremely rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum in a 24-year old woman who went to consultation because of right nasal neoplasm. The radiologic discoveries by computerized tomography showed a tumor in the right nasal septum. Incisional biopsy was done, with a histopathological report of pleomorphic adenoma. Later, nasal endoscopy was used to remove the neoplasm and histology revealed pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum.
|
['Adenoma, Pleomorphic', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Cryotherapy', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nasal Septum', 'Nose Neoplasms', 'Rare Diseases', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 25,735,113
|
[['C04.557.435.090', 'C04.557.470.035.155'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E02.258'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.531.591'], ['C04.588.149.721.600', 'C04.588.443.665.650', 'C05.116.231.754.600', 'C08.460.669', 'C08.785.600', 'C09.603.669', 'C09.647.685'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Exencephaly and axial skeletal malformations induced by maternal administration of sodium valproate in the MF1 mouse.
|
Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that maternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy causes an increased risk for spina bifida in the fetus. A proportion of infants exposed to VPA in utero exhibit a characteristic pattern of facial malformations. Despite the developmental interdependence of the neural plate and paraxial mesoderm during normal morphogenesis, the possible involvement of the axial skeleton in VPA-induced NTD has not been clearly documented. So the objective of this investigation was to determine the nature and extent of involvement of the axial skeleton in VPA-induced exencephaly in the mouse. A single dose of 600 mg/kg of sodium valproate was administered (IP) to MF1 mouse on day 8 of gestation. This treatment resulted in significant increase in resorption, reduction in mean fetal weight, and exencephaly (25%) of live fetuses. Several craniofacial malformations and subcutaneous haematomas were associated with exencephaly. Alizarin red-stained skeletal preparations revealed maxillary-, mandibular hypoplasia, absence of skull vault, hypoplasia and/or agenesis of basicranial bones, and obtuse angulation of the craniovertebral junction. Hemivertebrae, longitudinal fusion of the vertebral arches and bodies, accessory ribs (cervical and lumbar), fusion of thoracic ribs, and several patterns of sternal variations were observed. Nonexencephalic VPA-treated embryos exhibited mandibular, maxillary hypoplasia, arched and cleft palates, cleft lip, kinky tail, and vertebral and sternal anomalies. Treated embryos at early stages of development revealed delay in elevation and fusion of neural folds, distended IVth ventricle, kinky spinal cord, incomplete separation of somites and growth retardation. When viewed in light of the published work on VPA action on embryonic systems, these observations suggest that abnormalities associated with VPA-induced exencephaly may be due to either a direct action of VPA on the precursors of these organs or secondary to its action on neural tube. A significantly high incidence of NTD and their consistent association with defective development of the axial skeleton suggest that this is an excellent experimental model for investigating the pathogenetic mechanism(s) of VPA induced NTD.
|
['Abnormalities, Drug-Induced', 'Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Fetal Growth Retardation', 'Jaw Abnormalities', 'Male', 'Mesoderm', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Neural Tube Defects', 'Pregnancy', 'Skull', 'Spine', 'Valproic Acid']
| 7,852,547
|
[['C16.131.042'], ['C16.131.077'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C13.703.277.370', 'C16.300.390', 'C23.550.393.450'], ['C05.500.460', 'C05.660.207.540.460', 'C07.320.440', 'C07.650.500.460', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460', 'C16.131.850.500.460'], ['A16.504.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['C10.500.680', 'C16.131.666.680'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['D02.241.081.944.509.900', 'D10.251.400.895.593.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Buckwheat and Millet Affect Thermal, Rheological, and Gelling Properties of Wheat Flour.
|
Buckwheat (BF) and millet (MF) are recommended as healthy foods due to their unique chemical composition and health benefits. This study investigated the thermal and rheological properties of BF-WF (wheat flour) and MF-WF flour blends at various ratios (0:100 to 100:0). Increasing BF or MF concentration led to higher cold paste viscosity and setback viscosity of pasting properties gel adhesiveness, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) of dynamic oscillatory rheology, and yield stress (ó0 ) of flow curve of WF. BF and MF addition decreased peak viscosity and breakdown of pasting, gel hardness, swelling volume, and consistency coefficient (K) of flow curve of WF. Thermal properties of the blends appeared additive of that of individual flour. Nonadditive effects were observed for some property changes in the mixtures, and indicated interactions between flour components. This may provide a physicochemical basis for using BF and MF in formulating novel healthy products.
|
['Edible Grain', 'Fagopyrum', 'Flour', 'Food Handling', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Millets', 'Plant Preparations', 'Rheology', 'Temperature', 'Triticum', 'Viscosity']
| 26,890,337
|
[['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.825.333'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.587'], ['D20.215.784'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Evaluation of surgical treatment of pelvic osteosarcoma].
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical outcome of consecutive pelvic osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy in a single institution, and to discuss the surgical strategy, resection and reconstruction.METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive cases with pelvic osteosarcoma underwent surgical procedures between June 2000 and June 2009. There were 12 male and 9 female with a mean age of 32 years. According to Enneking and Dunham pelvic classification system, type Iwas 3 cases, type I+IV 3 cases, type I+II 4 cases, type II+III 4 cases, type I+II+III 1 case, type III 1 case, and type I+II+IV 5 cases. Among the 21 cases, 19 were diagnosed as classical osteosarcoma and 2 were diagnosed as low-grade pathologically. All the tumors were stage IIB. All the patients received en-bloc resection with 13 wide resection and 8 marginal resection. Thirteen patients underwent modular hemi-pelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction, and 5 patients underwent rod-screw system reconstruction combined with autograft. Two patients received hemipelvectomy and one type III patients had resection without reconstruction. The mean follow-up period was 30.3 months (range, 6.0-87.0).RESULTS: Thirteen patients out of 21 survived after treatment. The overall survival rate was 61.9%, and 23.8% patients were alive without disease. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 44.2% based on Kaplan-Meier curve. The local recurrence rate was 28.6%, among which 4 cases were type II resection, 1 was type I resection, 1 was type I+IV resection.No local relapse was found on the hemipelvectomy and type III resection cases. The local recurrence rate after wide resection was 23.1%, and 37.5% for marginal resection.Nine patients had lung metastases and one patient was found bone and lymph node metastases. The MSTS 93 function score was 20.6 ± 5.4 for 13 patients, and 22.5 ± 2.1 for rod-screw reconstruction cases. The function score was 17.7 ± 5.5 for hemi-pelvic prosthetic reconstruction.CONCLUSION: Limb salvage procedures could be performed on most pelvic osteosarcoma cases, and satisfying function outcome could be achieved with proper reconstruction, however, the overall survival is still lower compared with those in extremities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemipelvectomy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 21,054,983
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.080.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gestural communication in young gorillas (Gorilla gorilla): gestural repertoire, learning, and use.
|
In the present study we investigated the gestural communication of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). The subjects were 13 gorillas (1-6 years old) living in two different groups in captivity. Our goal was to compile the gestural repertoire of subadult gorillas, with a special focus on processes of social cognition, including attention to individual and developmental variability, group variability, and flexibility of use. Thirty-three different gestures (six auditory, 11 tactile, and 16 visual gestures) were recorded. We found idiosyncratic gestures, individual differences, and similar degrees of concordance between and within groups, as well as some group-specific gestures. These results provide evidence that ontogenetic ritualization is the main learning process involved, but some form of social learning may also be responsible for the acquisition of special gestures. The present study establishes that gorillas have a multifaceted gestural repertoire, characterized by a great deal of flexibility with accommodations to various communicative circumstances, including the attentional state of the recipient. The possibility of assigning Seyfarth and Cheney's [1997] model for nonhuman primate vocal development to the development of nonhuman primate gestural communication is discussed.
|
['Aging', 'Animal Communication', 'Animals', 'Animals, Zoo', 'Attention', 'Female', 'Gestures', 'Gorilla gorilla', 'Learning', 'Male']
| 12,874,841
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['F01.145.113.055'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.448'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F01.145.209.530.538.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.375'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Near-infrared spectroscopy in adults: effects of extracranial ischaemia and intracranial hypoxia on estimation of cerebral oxygenation.
|
We have studied the effects of extracranial ischaemia and intracranial hypoxia on measurement of cerebral oxygenation using near-infrared, reflectance-mode, cerebral oximetry (Invos 3100 cerebral oximeter) in healthy adult subjects. Under stable systemic conditions, scalp ischaemia induced by a pneumatic tourniquet caused an apparent reduction in mean regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) from mean 72 (SD 6)% to 59 (7)% (n = 8, P < 0.001). rSO2 returned to control values within 1 min of release of the tourniquet. Local scalp ischaemia induced by rapid frontalis muscle exercise caused a significant reduction (4.5 (2)% in rSO2 (n = 12, P < 0.001). The effect of systemic hypoxia on rSO2 was examined during controlled scalp ischaemia. A decrease in mean SpO2 from 98 (2)% to 66 (6)% was associated with a decrease in mean rSO2 from 57 (4)% to 41 (6)%. There was a significant correlation between the percentage reduction in rSO2 and SpO2 during hypoxia (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). We conclude that the Invos cerebral oximeter was capable of detecting tissue hypoxia deep to the scalp under carefully controlled conditions but that it also was affected significantly by changes in extracranial blood flow and oxygenation which may affect its reliability in clinical practice. Further work is necessary to define those situations in which cerebral oximetric monitoring is useful and valid.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Ischemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oximetry', 'Oxygen', 'Scalp', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared']
| 7,999,492
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['C23.550.513'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['A01.456.810'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inflammatory mediator production in swine following endotoxin challenge with or without co-administration of dexamethasone.
|
The inflammatory response in swine challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has only been partially characterized. As swine are increasingly used in biomedical research, it is important to determine if they respond to endotoxin challenge in a manner similar to other model systems. Accordingly, 24 Poland China x Landrace barrows were treated with saline, LPS, dexamethasone, or LPS and dexamethasone, with six animals in each treatment group. The kinetics of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, nitric oxide (nitrate/nitrite), and neopterin production in swine plasma were examined at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h after acute LPS challenge. Lipopolysaccharide increased plasma TNFalpha levels, which peaked 1 h post-challenge. Dexamethasone decreased LPS-induced TNFalpha by approximately 60%. Plasma IL-6 levels peaked 3 h post-LPS challenge, returning to basal levels by 9 h. Swine given both LPS and dexamethasone had minimal IL-6 levels. Control and dexamethasone-only treated animals never exhibited systemic TNFalpha or IL-6 levels. Lipopolysaccharide increased plasma IL-10 1 h after challenge. Dexamethasone did not alter plasma IL-10 levels in LPS-challenged swine. Interleukin-1beta was constitutively present in plasma and was not altered by any combination of treatments. Plasma IL-8 was not observed in any treatment group. Plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were maximal 24 h post-challenge. Dexamethasone treatment prevented increases in plasma nitrate/nitrite levels in LPS-treated animals. Lipopolysaccharide induced levels of neopterin; dexamethasone served to further increase plasma neopterin levels in LPS-challenged animals. The discordant regulation of inflammatory mediators suggests that the immunological responses by swine to LPS are distinct from the responses seen in rodent and human studies.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Dexamethasone', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Interleukins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Neopterin', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Swine', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 12,689,661
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D23.469'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202.500', 'D08.211.090.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C23.550.470.790', 'C23.550.835.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The postnatal development of the temporomandibular joint of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
|
The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) of 55 male and 50 female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with an age range of 1 day- to < 12-yr-old have been studied to extend the knowledge on the craniomandibular articulation of this primate. Details of changes in the bone structure, gross and functional anatomy, and histologic appearance of the marmoset TMJ during the neonatal period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are compared with those which occur in the TMJ of man. It is concluded that further investigations on the structure and function of the marmoset TMJ and jaws may establish this nonhuman primate as a valuable analog for TMJ research in man.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Callithrix', 'Female', 'Male', 'Temporomandibular Joint']
| 6,153,018
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.150.150.114'], ['A02.835.583.861', 'A14.907']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Breastfeeding and pacifier use in Brazil.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between pacifier use and the duration of exclusive breast-feeding in the first six months of age, among poor children with unfavourable birth weight, from an underdeveloped region in Brazil.METHOD: Prospective cohort study with infants followed from birth to 6 months of age. Healthy children born with unfavourable birth weight (< 3,000), being exclusively breastfed, were selected from 8 maternity hospitals in the city of Fortaleza (Brazil) between November 1996 and April 1997. Two main outcome measures were used: (i) time to stop exclusive breast-feeding at the 1st and (ii) at the 6th month of life. Main exposures were pacifier use at 1st and 6th month of age. Data were collected at maternity hospitals and during home interviews, using structured questionnaires, by trained data collectors unaware of the study aims, and analyzed using survival analysis and the Cox Proportional Hazard Model.RESULTS: 500 children were enrolled and 13% were lost to follow up at the 1st month. Most of the families had a monthly income less than five times the minimum wage. One third of the mothers were adolescents, one fifth were working outside the home by the 6th month and most attended prenatal care visits. Approximately 60% of the children were using pacifiers by the 1st month. The average number of days for exclusive breast-feeding for pacifier use by the 6th month was 125.3 compared to 87.0 among non-users (p=0.0001). Children using pacifiers were 1,9 more likely to have stopped exclusive breastfeeding by the 6th month compared to non-users, even after controlling potential confounders.CONCLUSION: Pacifier use was associated with the early termination of breast-feeding in Brazil, among poor children with unfavourable birth weight, living in an underdeveloped area. As a possible marker of early weaning, pacifier use can help health workers identify those mothers in need of extended counselling to reinforce breast-feeding practices.
|
['Birth Weight', 'Brazil', 'Breast Feeding', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Care', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Pacifiers', 'Poverty Areas', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Weaning']
| 15,812,114
|
[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.421.088.120'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E07.490.500'], ['I01.880.853.996.535.550', 'N01.824.600.550'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['G07.203.650.220.500.750', 'G07.203.650.915']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Stress, hope, and well-being of women caring for family members with Alzheimer's disease.
|
The article describes a study that tested a midrange model of caregiver stress mediation in women caring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease. The study was grounded in the nursing theory of modeling and role modeling and tested two hypotheses based on theoretically derived propositions. A convenience sample of 88 female caregivers participating in a larger study completed measures of perceived stress, hope, and well-being. Significant correlations among the three variables occurred in the expected directions. Hope was found to mediate the relationship between stress and well-being, providing tentative support for the theoretically proposed linkages.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Caregivers', 'Cost of Illness', 'Family', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Home Nursing', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Morale', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 9,035,623
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E02.760.611.470', 'N02.421.143.524.470', 'N02.421.533.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.477'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Palliative treatment of malignant refractory ascites by positioning of Denver peritoneovenous shunt.
|
Malignant ascites is relatively common in patients with certain types of end-stage cancer. Traditional treatments based on fluid and salt restriction and diuretic therapy often are not able to contain neoplastic ascites. These patients consequently undergo repeated abdominal paracentesis, with further plasma protein loss and risk of injury to abdominal viscera. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with Denver peritoneovenous shunt and the outcome of patients with malignant ascites and suggest some modifications to improve device patency. From February 1997 to December 1999, 44 Denver peritoneovenous shunts were placed in 42 patients, 17 women and 25 men, aged between 38 and 77 years (mean, 62.3), affected with malignant ascites due to advanced abdominal cancer. At the time of admission, 72% of patients had pain, 88% dysphagia, 66% nausea and/or vomiting, and 83% dyspnea. Eleven patients underwent local anesthesia with lidocaine and 33 general anesthesia with rapidly metabolized drugs. In 27 cases we used the peritoneal-internal jugular right vein surgical approach and in 3 cases the peritoneal-femoral vein surgical access, joining the saphena vein to the cross. In 10 cases, a radiological positioning of the Denver peritoneovenous shunt was effected by a trans-subclavian access. Relief of ascites symptoms was obtained in 87.5% of cases, with reduction of dyspnea, an increased appetite and improved ambulation. Denver peritoneovenous shunt is a good device to relieve malignant ascites, thereby reducing the risk of complications and the number of hospital admissions due to repeated paracentesis and consequently improving the quality of life. A careful patient selection, an accurate follow-up and some device modifications could improve the shunt performance, allowing a wider application of the Denver peritoneovenous shunt.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Appetite', 'Ascites', 'Dyspnea', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Palliative Care', 'Peritoneovenous Shunt', 'Quality of Life', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,088,251
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.071', 'G07.203.650.390.070', 'G10.261.390.070'], ['C23.550.081'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E04.035.735', 'E04.100.814.750', 'E04.210.790'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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