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Commercial versus technical cues to position a new product: Do hedonic and functional/healthy packages differ?
|
Packaging attributes can be classified into two main blocks: visual/commercial attributes and informational/technical ones. In this framework, our objectives are: (i) to compare if both kinds of attributes lead to equal responses (consumers' attitudes improvement and product trial) and (ii) to compare if they work equally when a hedonic or a healthy new product is launched into the young market. An experimental design was defined to reach both objectives. Two packaging attributes were manipulated orthogonally to introduce greater variation in people's perceptions: a visual cue (the color) and an informative cue (the claim/label). A third variable was introduced: hedonic (candy bars) versus functional/healthy products (juice with fruit and milk). In a laboratory, 300 young consumers chose and evaluated one of the different packages that were simulated (using different colors and labels). Our results show that both kinds of attributes are significant, but visual cues were more strongly associated with young consumers' positive attitudes towards the product and their intention to buy than technical cues. Results do not differ between the product categories.7.
|
['Color', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Consumer Health Information', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Food', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Perception', 'Product Packaging', 'Young Adult']
| 29,289,931
|
[['G01.590.540.199'], ['F01.145.236'], ['I02.233.332.186', 'N02.421.726.407.229'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['F02.463.593'], ['J01.576.761'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
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Surgical office-based ultrasound of the breast.
|
How surgical office-based ultrasound (US) influences the management of nonpalpable, new or increasing size, mammogram-detected breast masses was evaluated. Ninety-seven patients had diagnostic US only; of these, 67 had their mass diagnosed as a simple cyst, and 30 had a negative US. Fifty-three additional patients underwent US-guided aspiration and/or biopsy (US-GAB) of their breast mass after diagnostic US. Of 12 patients with diagnostic US of "simple cyst," US-GAB confirmed each to be cysts. Of five patients with diagnostic US of "fibroadenoma," four had fibroadenomas and one had insufficient tissue on US-GAB. In all five cases a fibroadenoma was diagnosed at open biopsy. Of 27 patients with diagnostic US of "indeterminate" (cyst versus solid/complex cyst), 15 had cysts, one had a fibroadenoma, and one had a papilloma on US-GAB; the latter two were confirmed on open biopsy. Ten of these 27 patients had fibrocystic change identified on US-GAB; six were benign on open biopsy, and four had no change on follow-up mammogram. Of nine patients with diagnostic US of "suspicious," three had carcinomas, five had fibrocystic change, and one had insufficient tissue on US-GAB; three cancers were confirmed, and the remaining six were benign on open biopsy. There were no false positives and no false negatives among those patients undergoing US-GAB. In conclusion, office-based ultrasound of the breast performed by surgeons can accurately diagnose nonpalpable simple cysts and can accurately guide needle aspiration and/or biopsy of probable fibroadenomas, indeterminate, or suspicious masses for diagnosis of cystic, benign solid, or malignant lesions.
|
['Biopsy, Needle', 'Breast Diseases', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Choristoma', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Fibrocystic Breast Disease', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'General Surgery', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mammography', 'Papilloma', "Physicians' Offices", 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional', 'Ultrasonography, Mammary']
| 7,793,744
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C17.800.090'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C23.300.250'], ['E01.171'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.595.350', 'C04.557.470.625.350'], ['C17.800.090.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['H02.403.810.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['N02.278.692'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890'], ['E01.370.350.850.860', 'E01.370.378.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Tumor-line specific causes of intertumor heterogeneity in blood supply in human melanoma xenografts.
|
The efficacy of most cancer treatments is strongly influenced by the tumor blood supply. The results of experimental studies using xenografted tumors to evaluate novel cancer treatments may therefore vary considerably depending on the blood supply of the specific tumor model being used. Mechanisms underlying intertumor heterogeneity in the blood supply of xenografted tumors derived from same tumor line are poorly understood, and were investigated here by using intravital microscopy to assess tumor blood supply and vascular morphology in human melanomas growing in dorsal window chambers in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Two melanoma lines, A-07 and R-18, were included in the study. These lines differed substantially in angiogenic profiles. Thus, when the expression of 84 angiogenesis-related genes was investigated with a quantitative PCR array, 25% of these genes showed more than a 10-fold difference in expression. Furthermore, A-07 tumors showed higher vascular density, higher vessel tortuosity, higher vessel diameters, shorter vessel segments, and more chaotic vascular architecture than R-18 tumors. Both lines showed large intertumor heterogeneity in blood supply. In the A-07 line, tumors with low microvascular density, long vessel segment, and high vessel tortuosity showed poor blood supply, whereas in the R-18 line, poor tumor blood supply was associated with low tumor arteriolar diameters. Thus, tumor-line specific causes of intertumor heterogeneity in blood supply were identified in human melanoma xenografts, and these tumor-line specific mechanisms were possibly a result of tumor-line specific angiogenic profiles.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Melanoma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microcirculation', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 23,149,341
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['E05.624'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rational management of peptic ulcer disease.
|
If the goal of treatment is healing of the ulcer, then success is usually achieved - repeatedly. In order to avoid recurring episodes, it is essential that both the physician and the patient learn to regard the ulcer as the result of a chronic disease process. This means that management becomes a lifelong undertaking, with antacids and meals used according to schedules that keep gastric pH above ulcerogenic levels.
|
['Antacids', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Parasympatholytics', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Time Factors']
| 1,026,631
|
[['D27.505.519.170', 'D27.505.954.483.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.650'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Safe from harm: learned, instructed, and symbolic generalization pathways of human threat-avoidance.
|
Avoidance of threatening or unpleasant events is usually an adaptive behavioural strategy. Sometimes, however, avoidance can become chronic and lead to impaired daily functioning. Excessive threat-avoidance is a central diagnostic feature of anxiety disorders, yet little is known about whether avoidance acquired in the absence of a direct history of conditioning with a fearful event differs from directly learned avoidance. In the present study, we tested whether avoidance acquired indirectly via verbal instructions and symbolic generalization result in similar levels of avoidance behaviour and threat-beliefs to avoidance acquired after direct learning. Following fear conditioning in which one conditioned stimulus was paired with shock (CS+) and another was not (CS-), participants either learned or were instructed to make a response that cancelled impending shock. Three groups were then tested with a learned CS+ and CS- (learned group), instructed CS+ (instructed group), and generalized CS+ (derived group) presentations. Results showed similar levels of avoidance behaviour and threat-belief ratings about the likelihood of shock across each of the three pathways despite the different mechanisms by which they were acquired. Findings have implications for understanding the aetiology of clinical avoidance in anxiety.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Generalization, Psychological', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male']
| 23,077,631
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.080'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['F01.470.361'], ['F02.463.425.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Light microscopic Golgi study of mitral/tufted cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of the adult rat.
|
Mitral/tufted cells (MTCs) of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of adult rats were investigated light microscopically with the rapid Golgi method. The somata of the MTCs, appearing ovoid or triangular in shape, are distributed throughout the external plexiform layer. The soma size varies from small to large (12-26 microns). Apical dendrites originating from the soma enter the glomerular layer to provide branches that form the glomerular arbors. After making a glomerular arbor, some dendrites develop a second arbor (en passant and terminal arbors, respectively). The MTCs have a very diverse dendritic branching pattern and most have a variable number of glomerular arbors per cell (up to 6); we have tentatively classified the MTCs into simple, intermediate, and complex. Of the glomerular arbors, 80% have a diameter of less than 50 microns. The glomerular arbors have been classified as baskets (small spherical or ovoid) with short loopy processes; balls of yarn (large and nearly spherical) with loosely intermingled thick loops; and bushes (small to large and rather polymorphic) with irregular processes. The MTCs send dendritic arbors to terminate in one or more glomeruli where they are arranged in several different types of endings. Since it is generally believed that the dendrites of mitral and tufted cells of the main olfactory bulb terminate in only one glomerulus, the difference in the termination of the dendrites of the MTCs may represent a morphological characteristic that is relevant to the coding and/or integration of sensory information.
|
['Animals', 'Dendrites', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Species Specificity', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Ultrasonography']
| 1,719,045
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G16.824'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Consulting rates of general practitioners by demographic groups in a defined community.
|
The demographic characteristics were recorded of 4798 patients aged from 15 to 69 years who consulted, for any reason, the general practitioners of 97% of the practices in the Perth Statistical Division on one day in 1971. A consulting rate in terms of the population at risk was calculated for patients of different sex, age, marital status, country of birth, and social class. Certain characteristics of the general practitioners were also related to the demographic characteristics of their patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Australia', 'Employment', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Family Characteristics', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Health Services', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors']
| 661,710
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N01.824.245'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['N02.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of tropical flours (breadfruit and banana) on structural and technological properties of beef emulsion modeling systems.
|
This study evaluated structural and technological properties of beef emulsion modeling systems prepared with tropical flours. Treatments consisted of a control (0% flour inclusion) and three inclusion levels (1%, 2% and 4%) of two breadfruit flours and a banana flour. Flour type affected starch content of cooked beef emulsions, with greater starch content for emulsions prepared with banana flour compared with breadfruit flour, yet flour type did not affect cooking loss. Hardness and chewiness of cooked beef emulsion prepared with breadfruit flour decreased as inclusion level increased from 0% to 4%, while hardness was not affected by inclusion level of banana flour. Redness values of cooked beef emulsions increased as flour inclusion level increased, but were not affected by flour type. Evaluation of the beef emulsion microstructure and storage modulus revealed that the starch granules of banana flour behaved remarkably different than breadfruit flour. Overall, there were positive structural and technological attributes when tropical flours were included in beef emulsions.
|
['Animals', 'Artocarpus', 'Cattle', 'Emulsions', 'Food Handling', 'Meat Products', 'Musa', 'Soybean Proteins', 'Starch']
| 32,050,113
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.406.088'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['G07.203.300.600.500', 'J02.500.600.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.937.555.500'], ['D12.776.765.741', 'G07.203.300.428.920.750', 'G07.203.300.850.450.500.750', 'J02.500.428.920.750', 'J02.500.850.800.500.750'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Point-of-Care Ultrasonography to Assess Portal Vein Pulsatility and the Effect of Inhaled Milrinone and Epoprostenol in Severe Right Ventricular Failure: A Report of 2 Cases.
|
This article describes 2 patients with severe acute right ventricular failure causing circulatory shock. Portal vein pulsatility assessed by bedside ultrasonography suggested clinically relevant venous congestion. Management included cardiac preload reduction and combined inhalation of milrinone and epoprostenol to reduce right ventricular afterload. Portal vein ultrasonography may be useful in assessing right ventricular function in the acutely ill patient.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Epoprostenol', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Milrinone', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Portal Vein', 'Ultrasonography']
| 28,604,468
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['C14.280.434'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.080.085.543', 'D03.383.725.050.085.543'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Measuring spatial variation in secondary production and food quality using a common consumer approach in Lake Erie.
|
Lake Erie is a large lake straddling the border of the USA and Canada that has become increasingly eutrophic in recent years. Eutrophication is particularly focused in the shallow western basin. The western basin of Lake Erie is hydrodynamically similar to a large estuary, with riverine inputs from the Detroit and Maumee Rivers mixing together and creating gradients in chemical and physical conditions. This study was driven by two questions: (1) How does secondary production and food quality for consumers vary across this large mixing zone? and (2) Are there correlations between cyanobacterial abundance and secondary production or food quality for consumers? Measuring spatial and temporal variation in secondary production and food quality is difficult for a variety of logistical reasons, so here a common consumer approach was used. In a common consumer approach, individuals of a single species are raised under similar conditions until placed in the field across environmental gradients of interest. After some period of exposure, the response of that common consumer is measured to provide an index of spatial variation in conditions. Here, a freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was deployed at 32 locations that spanned habitat types and a gradient in cyanobacterial abundance in the western basin of Lake Erie to measure spatial variation in growth (an index of secondary production) and fatty acid (FA) content (an index of food quality). We found secondary production was highest within the Maumee river mouth and lowest in the open waters of the lake. Mussel tissues in the Maumee river mouth also included more eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA and DPA, respectively), but fewer bacterial FAs, suggesting more algae at the base of the food web in the Maumee river mouth compared to open lake sites. The satellite-derived estimate of cyanobacterial abundance was not correlated to secondary production, but was positively related to EPA and DPA content in the mussels, suggesting more of these important FAs in locations with more cyanobacteria. These results suggest that growth of secondary consumers and the availability of important fatty acids in the western basin are centered on the Maumee river mouth.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Ecosystem', 'Fatty Acids', 'Great Lakes Region', 'Lakes', 'Lipids', 'Rivers', 'Time Factors']
| 27,411,257
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['D10.251'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350'], ['G01.311.580', 'G16.500.275.280.500', 'N06.230.232.500'], ['D10'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Peripheral nerves disorders under exposure to metallic mercury and complex of toxic chemicals].
|
Examination of patients with chronic mercury poisoning and fire men subjected to complex of toxic chemicals during fire extinguishing revealed subclinical latent disorder of peripheral nerves due to chronic mercury intoxication and clinical manifestations of polyneuropathy involving nerves of upper and lower limbs in firemen.
|
['Air Pollutants, Occupational', 'Arm', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Fires', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Mercury Poisoning', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Polyneuropathies', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,430,119
|
[['D27.888.284.101.268'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['N06.230.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['C25.723.522.875'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['C10.668.829.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
SYK-dependent tonic B-cell receptor signaling is a rational treatment target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
|
The role of B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated survival signals in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains undefined. Ligand-induced BCR signaling induces receptor oligomerization, Igalpha/beta immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) phosphorylation, and activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which initiates downstream events and amplifies the initial BCR signal. BCRs also transmit low-level tonic survival signals in the absence of receptor engagement. Herein, we assess the role of SYK-dependent tonic BCR survival signals in DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors and evaluate the efficacy of an ATP-competitive inhibitor of SYK, R406, in vitro. R406 induced apoptosis of the majority of examined DLBCL cell lines. In R406-sensitive DLBCL cell lines, R406 specifically inhibited both tonic- and ligand-induced BCR signaling (autophosphorylation of SYK525/526 and SYK-dependent phosphorylation of the B-cell linker protein [BLNK]). The majority of examined primary DLBCLs also exhibited tonic- and ligand-induced BCR signaling; in these primary tumors, BCR signaling was also inhibited by R406. Of note, BCR-dependent and R406-sensitive DLBCL cell lines were independently identified as "BCR-type" tumors by transcriptional profiling. Therefore, SYK-dependent tonic BCR signaling is an important and potentially targetable survival pathway in some, but not all, DLBCLs. In addition, R406-sensitive DLBCLs can be identified by their transcriptional profiles.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Oxazines', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Pyridines', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Syk Kinase', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 18,006,696
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['D03.383.533'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.650', 'D12.644.360.900', 'D12.776.476.913'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a tetrameric streptavidin mutein with reversible biotin binding capability: engineering a mobile loop as an exit door for biotin.
|
A novel form of tetrameric streptavidin has been engineered to have reversible biotin binding capability. In wild-type streptavidin, loop(3-4) functions as a lid for the entry and exit of biotin. When biotin is bound, interactions between biotin and key residues in loop(3-4) keep this lid in the closed state. In the engineered mutein, a second biotin exit door is created by changing the amino acid sequence of loop(7-8). This door is mobile even in the presence of the bound biotin and can facilitate the release of biotin from the mutein. Since loop(7-8) is involved in subunit interactions, alteration of this loop in the engineered mutein results in an 11° rotation between the two dimers in reference to wild-type streptavidin. The tetrameric state of the engineered mutein is stabilized by a H127C mutation, which leads to the formation of inter-subunit disulfide bonds. The biotin binding kinetic parameters (k(off) of 4.28?10(-4) s(-1) and K(d) of 1.9?10(-8) M) make this engineered mutein a superb affinity agent for the purification of biotinylated biomolecules. Affinity matrices can be regenerated using gentle procedures, and regenerated matrices can be reused at least ten times without any observable reduction in binding capacity. With the combination of both the engineered mutein and wild-type streptavidin, biotinylated biomolecules can easily be affinity purified to high purity and immobilized to desirable platforms without any leakage concerns. Other potential biotechnological applications, such as development of an automated high-throughput protein purification system, are feasible.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Biotin', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cystine', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Engineering', 'Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Streptavidin']
| 22,536,357
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390.369', 'D01.875.350.850.150.369', 'D02.886.030.230.369', 'D02.886.520.150.087', 'D12.125.095.369', 'D12.125.119.369', 'D12.125.166.230.369'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.097.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Environmental regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Las and Rhl quorum-sensing systems.
|
The lasI-lasR and the rhlI-rhlR quorum-sensing systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulate the expression of numerous cellular and secreted virulence factor genes and play important roles in the development of biofilms. The las and rhl systems themselves are known to be directly or indirectly regulated by a number of transcriptional regulators, and consequently, their expression is sensitive to environmental conditions. In this report, the activities of these two quorum-sensing systems have been examined systematically under 46 growth conditions, and the regulation by environmental conditions has been investigated. The relative timing and strength of expression of these two systems varied significantly under different conditions, which contrasts with the notion of a preset hierarchy with these two systems in P. aeruginosa. Depending on the growth conditions, the correlation between each synthase and its cognate transcriptional regulator also varied, suggesting that the transcription of these genes independently allows for further fine tuning of each system. Finally, we observe that the activities of both the lasI-lasR and the rhlI-rhlR quorum-sensing systems were dramatically enhanced in the presence of extracts of sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients.
|
['4-Butyrolactone', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Quorum Sensing', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Sputum', 'Time Factors', 'Trans-Activators']
| 17,449,617
|
[['D02.540.150', 'D03.383.312.150'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['G04.085.700', 'G06.550.700'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['A12.200.808'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Youth risk behavior survey: the Alaskan perspective.
|
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is a national school-based survey used to monitor health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States. Both high school and middle school surveys were administered to a representative group of Alaska high school and middle school students for the first time in 1995. Surveys were administered in a confidential and anonymous manner, taking care to assure student privacy. A total of 1,634 high school students and 1,265 middle school students completed surveys. The survey revealed that, for the most part, Alaska students are similar to U.S. students. Among high school students, 23.2% of boys and 15.4% of girls seldom or never used seat belts; 36.4% of boys and 36.5% of girls had smoked cigarettes in the previous 30 days; 23.5% of boys and 6.7% of girls had used smokeless tobacco in the previous 30 days; 48.7% of boys and 48.0% of girls reported having had sexual intercourse at least once; 23.7% of boys and 59.5% of girls were trying to lose weight; and 77.9% of boys and 65.6% of girls had exercised vigorously on three of the previous seven days. The middle school survey was somewhat different than the high school survey, so that results are not directly comparable. Nonetheless, the data indicate that high-risk behaviors, such as tobacco use, drug use, and early sexual intercourse, do occur at the middle school level. The survey also showed that Alaska teens have desirable health behaviors as well, such as frequent exercise and eating fruits and vegetables. The 1995 Alaska YRBS was the first time that representative data on Alaska students were collected on a statewide basis. The YRBS provides Alaska with baseline data that can be compared to national data.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Age Distribution', 'Alaska', 'Child', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sex Distribution']
| 10,093,358
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.722'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Cushing's syndrome during HIV treatment: pharmacological interaction during use of ritonavir].
|
Physicians are not always aware that locally administered glucocorticoids can cause systemic toxicity. This risk is greatly enhanced in the case of pharmacological interactions. We present two cases of HIV-infected patients who developed Cushing-like symptoms as a result of a pharmacological interaction. Their antiretroviral treatment regimen consisted of atazanavir, ritonavir, tenofovir and emtricitabine. One patient received salmeterol/fluticasone inhalations for asthmatic bronchitis. The other was treated with intra-articular triamcinolonacetonide injections for ongoing shoulder complaints. Ritonavir exhibits strong inhibition of hepatic enzyme CYP 3A4, which is part of the major metabolic pathway of most glucocorticoids. As a result of this interaction even locally administered glucocorticoids can cause symptoms of overdose, e.g. Cushing-like symptoms. Beclomethasone is a safe alternative for inhaled glucocorticoids as it is not metabolized by CYP 3A4. There is no substitute for intra-articular administration of triamcinolonacetonide. Depending on necessity of the administration of the drug, changing ritonavir-containing antiretroviral therapy to a non-interacting compound, e.g., an integrase inhibitor, is an option.
|
['Adult', 'Albuterol', 'Androstadienes', 'Asthma', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Interactions', 'Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination', 'Glucocorticoids', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Ritonavir']
| 23,548,184
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.033.100.291.057', 'D02.092.063.291.057', 'D02.092.471.683.061'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['C19.053.800.367'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D27.505.389.500.503', 'D27.505.519.389.335.503'], ['D26.310'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.033.100.291.057.750.500', 'D02.092.063.291.057.750.500', 'D02.092.471.683.061.750.500', 'D04.210.500.054.079.129.114.500', 'D26.310.438'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.675.653', 'D03.383.129.708.653']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Test-retest reliability and practice effects of executive function tasks in preschool children.
|
This study examined the test-retest reliability of executive function tasks in preschool children. Measures of working memory, response inhibition, attentional flexibility, and planning were administered to thirty three preschool children between the ages of 36 and 72 months (M = 54.75 months) on two testing occasions approximately three weeks apart (M interval = 21.64 days). Working memory tasks showed higher test-retest reliability than measures of response inhibition. There were significant practice effects on three measures of complex working memory. Implications of these findings for the assessment of executive function in preschool children are discussed.
|
['Attention', 'Child, Preschool', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Practice, Psychological', 'Problem Solving', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 22,256,888
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.425.674'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of bypass grafting to the infarct artery on late potentials in coronary operations.
|
BACKGROUND: Late potentials (LPs) after myocardial infarction identify the risk of arrhythmic events and sudden death, and the absence of anterograde flow in the infarct-causing occluded coronary artery frequently is associated with LPs on signal-averaged electrocardiography. The present study was designed to clarify the influence of revascularization of the infarct artery on the LPs in the late course after myocardial infarction.METHODS: We studied 21 patients after myocardial infarction with positive LPs who had at least one occluded infarct coronary artery. We investigated the LPs on signal-averaged electrocardiograms on the day of elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 1 week after CABG.RESULTS: There were 25 infarct arteries in the study patients, 13 of which were grafted. The positive LPs disappeared soon after CABG in 13 patients, 10 of whom had grafts to all of the infarct arteries. The LPs persisted in 8, who received no graft to the infarct artery. One week after CABG, the LPs were still present in 4, all of whom had no graft to the infarct right coronary artery.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with positive LPs late after myocardial infarction, grafting to the infarct artery eliminated the LPs soon after CABG.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Time Factors', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 7,646,107
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults.
|
BACKGROUND: Earlier observational studies of the relation between physical activity and obesity are inconsistent and ambiguous, showing a clear cross-sectional inverse relation, and a prospective association only when physical activity at the time of follow-up is included.OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effect of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on subsequent development of obesity and the effect of body weight on later physical inactivity in a population-based longitudinal setting taking into account the effects of historical changes on future changes as well as pertinent confounders.DESIGN: The study included 3653 women and 2626 men aged 20-78 y selected at random within sex-age strata from the general population of Copenhagen. At two surveys, 5 y apart, LTPA, body mass index (BMI) (weight/height2, kg/m2), several possible confounders and modifying factors were assessed. Obesity (defined as BMI > or =30 kg/m2) and LTPA was assessed at the 3rd survey 10 y later. Odds ratios (with 95% confidence limits) for developing obesity between the last two surveys were estimated by logistic regression analysis, taking into account baseline and preceding changes in BMI and LTPA. A similar analysis of odds ratios for physical inactivity as outcome at the 3rd survey was conducted.RESULTS: Compared to physical inactivity, the odds ratios of development of obesity among women with medium and high level of activity were 0.81 (0.53, 1.25) and 1.16 (0.73, 1.84), respectively, and among men, the odds ratios were 1.28 (0.71, 2.33) and 1.65 (0.91, 2.99), respectively. Compared to median BMI, the odds ratio of later physical inactivity among women with high BMI was 1.91 (1.39, 2.61), and among men the odds ratio was 1.50 (1.01, 2.22). The associations were not confounded or modified by age, pre-existing diseases, smoking, alcohol intake, educational level, occupational physical activity or by familial predisposition to obesity.CONCLUSION: This study did not support that physical inactivity as reported in the freely living adult population in the long term is associated with the development of obesity, but the study indicates that obesity may lead to physical inactivity.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Factors']
| 14,647,181
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Role of virulence factors in resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli to serum and in pathogenicity.
|
In chickens, colibacillosis is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) via respiratory tract infection. Many virulence factors, including type 1 (F1A) and P (F11) fimbriae, curli, aerobactin, K1 capsule, and temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh) and plasmid DNA regions have been associated with APEC. A strong correlation between serum resistance and virulence has been demonstrated, but roles of virulence factors in serum resistance have not been well elucidated. By using mutants of APEC strains TK3, MT78, and chi7122, which belong to serogroups O1, O2, and O78, respectively, we investigated the role of virulence factors in resistance to serum and pathogenicity in chickens. Our results showed that serum resistance is one of the pathogenicity mechanisms of APEC strains. Virulence factors that increased bacterial resistance to serum and colonization of internal organs of infected chickens were O78 lipopolysaccharide of E. coli chi7122 and the K1 capsule of E. coli MT78. In contrast, curli, type 1, and P fimbriae did not appear to contribute to serum resistance. We also showed that the iss gene, which was previously demonstrated to increase resistance to serum in certain E. coli strains, is located on plasmid pAPEC-1 of E. coli chi7122 but does not play a major role in resistance to serum for strain chi7122.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Capsules', 'Blood Bactericidal Activity', 'Chickens', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mutation', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Virulence', 'Virulence Factors']
| 12,496,207
|
[['B01.050'], ['A20.186'], ['G09.188.100', 'G12.450.564.204'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C22.131.728'], ['G06.930'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oxygen derived free radicals and the course of Eimeria vermiformis infection in inbred strains of mice.
|
Free radical generation by peritoneal leukocytes from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice was monitored for 18 days following infection with Eimeria vermiformis. Free radical generation occurred earlier and was quantitatively much greater in resistant BALB/c mice than in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, resistance being indicated by a much lower oocyst production and a shorter patent period of E. vermiformis. Plasma greatly enhanced free radical generation in response to a soluble antigen prepared from sporulated oocysts indicating the presence of plasma-borne factor(s) which enhance free radical generation in response to E. vermiformis.
|
['Animals', 'Coccidiosis', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Free Radicals', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Leukocytes', 'Luminol', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oxygen', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Peritoneal Cavity', 'Random Allocation', 'Species Specificity']
| 2,084,608
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.610.752.250'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D03.383.710.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.678'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Actions of peptides isolated from amphibian skin on pancreatic acinar cells.
|
In dispersed acinar cells prepared from guinea pig pancreas, peptides isolated from amphibian skin (caerulein, bombesin, litorin, and physalaemin) as well as eledoisin, a peptide isolated from the posterior salivary gland of a Mediterranean octopod, increased outflux of 45Ca, release of bound 45Ca, accumulation of cyclic GMP, and release of amylase. In addition, bombesin, litorin, physalaemin, and eledoisin each increased the initial uptake of 45Ca by dispersed acinar cells, whereas C-terminal octapeptide of porcine cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) and carbamylcholine did not increase the initial uptake of 45Ca but, rather, abolished the increase caused by the other agents. None of the actions of these amphibian peptides was altered by concentrations of atropine sufficient to abolish the effects of muscarinic cholinergic agents. None of the amphibian peptides altered cellular cyclic AMP or the increase caused by secretin or porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Acinar cells preincubated with 45Ca plus bombesin showed the same rate of release of 45Ca as did control cells and this rate was not altered by adding bombesin but was increased fivefold by adding CCK-OP. In terms of their chemical structures as well as the potency and efficacy with which they alter acinar cell function, the amphibian peptides plus CCK-OP can be grouped into three pairs: caerulein with CCK-OP, bombesin with litorin, and physalaemin with eledoisin.
|
['Amylases', 'Animals', 'Anura', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Bombesin', 'Calcium', 'Ceruletide', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Eledoisin', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Oligopeptides', 'Pancreas', 'Physalaemin', 'Proteins']
| 210,673
|
[['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D06.472.699.100', 'D12.644.400.085', 'D12.644.548.100', 'D12.776.631.650.085', 'D20.888.033.137', 'D23.946.833.033.137'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.456.241'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.354', 'D12.644.400.800.354', 'D12.644.456.800.354', 'D12.776.467.812.900.354', 'D12.776.631.650.800.354', 'D20.888.590.325', 'D23.469.050.375.850.275', 'D23.529.812.900.354', 'D23.946.580.590.325', 'D23.946.833.590.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D12.644.456'], ['A03.734'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.800', 'D12.644.400.800.625', 'D12.644.456.800.745', 'D12.776.467.812.900.800', 'D12.776.631.650.800.625', 'D20.888.033.728', 'D23.469.050.375.850.780', 'D23.529.812.900.800', 'D23.946.833.033.728'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epitope mapping of recombinant antigens by transposon mutagenesis.
|
We describe a method for generating a plasmid library expressing random truncations of a recombinant protein and for epitope mapping by screening the library with monoclonal antibodies. The key step is the random introduction of the transposon, Tn1000, which carries stop codons in all three reading frames, into a bacterial expression plasmid by using a simple bacterial mating procedure. Antibody-positive clones are then selected and the point of protein truncation is determined by sequencing the plasmid DNA at the point of transposon insertion. One advantage of the method is that no subcloning or in vitro manipulation of DNA is necessary.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Dystrophin', 'Epitope Mapping', 'Escherichia coli', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 8,521,039
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['D12.776.210.500.250', 'D12.776.220.250', 'D12.776.543.250'], ['E05.478.274', 'E05.601.690.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perceived sources of stress among dental students.
|
A survey of dental students' perceptions of stress indicates that academic factors and faculty relationships with students are the areas that create the most stress. Differences between the four classes in the ranking of several areas reflect the differences in academic and clinical requirements and experience associated with each class.
|
['Dental Care', 'Educational Measurement', 'Faculty, Dental', 'Female', 'Financial Management', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Motor Skills', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Students, Dental']
| 6,929,835
|
[['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['I02.399'], ['M01.526.485.360', 'M01.526.702.250.273', 'N02.360.360'], ['N03.219.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F02.808.260'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['M01.848.769.519']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of serum sodium concentration and tolvaptan treatment on length of hospitalization in patients with heart failure.
|
PURPOSE: The effect of serum sodium concentration and tolvaptan treatment on length of stay (LOS) in patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) was evaluated.METHODS: Data for this study were derived from a large, international, Phase III trial of patients hospitalized for HF. Two distinct post hoc analyses were performed, analyzing the association between serum sodium concentration and index hospitalization LOS in normonatremic patients and hyponatremic patients treated with placebo plus standard of care versus tolvaptan. Analysis of covariance models were constructed to adjust for potential variation in care delivery and adjusted for hyponatremia status or treatment.RESULTS: Patients with a baseline serum sodium concentration of <135 meq/L who received placebo had an adjusted mean LOS that was 3.06 days longer than did normonatremic patients (p < 0.001). More severely hyponatremic patients had an adjusted mean LOS 5.18 days longer than did normonatremic patients (p < 0.001). In an analysis of all hyponatremic patients, those receiving tolvaptan had an adjusted mean LOS that was 1.72 days shorter than patients receiving placebo, though this difference was not significant. In more severely hyponatremic patients (serum sodium concentration of <130 meq/L), patients treated with tolvaptan had an adjusted mean LOS 2.12 days shorter than those receiving placebo, but this difference was not significant.CONCLUSION: A secondary analysis of a large, international, Phase III trial of patients hospitalized for HF demonstrated that comorbid hyponatremia was associated with a significant increase in hospital LOS. Treatment of hyponatremia with tolvaptan was associated with reductions in LOS that were not significant.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists', 'Benzazepines', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Hyponatremia', 'Length of Stay', 'Sodium', 'Tolvaptan']
| 21,289,328
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.174', 'D27.505.696.560.311'], ['D03.633.100.079'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.620'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D03.633.100.079.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of pancreatic status and sex on polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles in cystic fibrosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Some but not all studies have reported abnormal polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We investigated the influence of pancreatic status and sex on the fatty acid profile in plasma and erythrocyte membranes in patients with CF.METHODS: After a 1-step transesterification with acetyl chloride on plasma and washed erythrocyte membranes, we quantified fatty acid methyl esters by use of GC-MS in 124 CF patients and 80 age-matched healthy controls. In the CF group, mean (SD) age was 17.5 (11.3) years, and 51.6% were male. Pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed in 78% of the CF population.RESULTS: A decrease in docosahexaenoic acid concentrations was observed in CF patients independently of pancreatic status. Pancreatic insufficient CF patients displayed lower concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and higher concentrations of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and eicosatrienoic acid (mead acid) in plasma and erythrocyte membranes compared with healthy controls and pancreatic sufficient CF patients. Male CF patients had significantly lower docosahexaenoic acid and higher eicosatrienoic acid in plasma and erythrocyte membranes compared with female CF patients.CONCLUSIONS: These results support the concept that multiple abnormalities of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition participate in the CF disease phenotype and that pancreatic status plays a major role in such abnormalities. Moreover, patient sex influences the polyunsaturated fatty acid spectrum in CF, with more marked abnormalities in males.
|
['8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid', 'Adolescent', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Plasma', 'Sex Factors']
| 18,089,657
|
[['D10.251.355.255.207'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['C06.689.276'], ['D10.251.355'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Meeting the four-hour deadline in an A&E department.
|
PURPOSE: Accident and emergency (A&E) departments experience a secondary peak in patient length of stay (LoS) at around four hours, caused by the coping strategies used to meet the operational standards imposed by government. The aim of this paper is to build a discrete-event simulation model that captures the coping strategies and more accurately reflects the processes that occur within an A&E department.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A discrete-event simulation (DES) model was used to capture the A&E process at a UK hospital and record the LoS for each patient. Input data on 4,150 arrivals over three one-week periods and staffing levels was obtained from hospital records, while output data were compared with the corresponding records. Expert opinion was used to generate the pathways and model the decision-making processes.FINDINGS: The authors were able to replicate accurately the LoS distribution for the hospital. The model was then applied to a second configuration that had been trialled there; again, the results also reflected the experiences of the hospital.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This demonstrates that the coping strategies, such as re-prioritising patients based on current length of time in the department, employed in A&E departments have an impact on LoS of patients and therefore need to be considered when building predictive models if confidence in the results is to be justified.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: As far as the authors are aware this is the first time that these coping strategies have been included within a simulation model, and therefore the first time that the peak around the four hours has been analysed so accurately using a model.
|
['Bed Occupancy', 'Computer Simulation', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'London', 'Models, Organizational', 'Operations Research', 'State Medicine', 'Time and Motion Studies']
| 22,256,661
|
[['N02.278.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['E05.599.670', 'N04.452.534'], ['H01.770.644.333', 'L01.906.394'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['F02.784.412.846.707', 'F02.784.692.746.707']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The cholinergic influence on the mesenteric ganglion affects the liberation of ovarian steroids and nitric oxide in oestrus day rats: characterization of an ex vivo system.
|
The axons that constitute the ovarian nervous plexus originate mostly in the principal neurons of the superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG) that is part of the sympathetic ganglionic chain and exhibits cholinergic receptors. In order to observe the effect of acetylcholine, the main neurotransmitter in the ganglionic transmission, the purpose of the present work was: first, to standardize an integrated ex vivo superior mesenteric ganglion-ovarian nervous plexus-ovary (SMG-ONP-O) system in oestrus day rats; secondly, to determine if the ganglionic cholinergic stimulus modifies the release of nitric oxide and steroids in the ovary compartment in the absence of humoral factors; and thirdly, to investigate if there are differences in the responses between the left and right ovaries caused by the neural stimulus. The ex vivo experimental left and right systems were developed and standardized. The systems were incubated in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker. The progesterone release was determined to standardize the incubation times, obtaining different responses between the left and right systems, which shows that both systems have their own autonomic tone. Non-specific stimulation with KCl in the ganglion compartment provoked different responses in terms of release of progesterone and oestradiol. Progesterone decreased in the left and right systems. However, oestradiol diminished at short times and increased at 60 and 120 min in the left ovary, whereas it increases at 30 and 60 min in the right ovary. These different responses show the sensitivity and viability of both systems. When acetylcholine was used in the ganglion compartment, the release of nitric oxide, progesterone, androstenedione and oestradiol was evaluated. The liberation of nitrite increased at 15, 30 and 60 min in the left system and decreased in the right system at 120 min. Progesterone showed a decrease in its release at 15, 30 and 120 min and androstenedione at 15 min in the left ovary compartment. In the right ovary, only progesterone decreased in relation to the control at 120 min while androstenedione did not show significant changes. Oestradiol showed an increase in the left ovary compartment at all the studied times, while in the right ovary it did not show any changes. These results indicate that the neural stimulus from the superior mesenteric ganglion through the ovarian nervous plexus is one of the factors modulating the secretory activity of the ovarian steroids and nitric oxide. The system is viable and also shows a different sensitivity of the left ovary in relation to the right one at least in this cycle stage, characterized by marked irrigation and profound structural changes in the ovary.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Androstenedione', 'Animals', 'Cholinergic Agents', 'Dissection', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Ganglia, Sympathetic', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Models, Animal', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitrites', 'Ovary', 'Perfusion', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Progesterone', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Time Factors']
| 17,170,216
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.329', 'D04.210.500.578.502.112', 'D06.472.040.502.112', 'D06.472.334.851.968.875'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.625.120', 'D27.505.696.577.120'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A08.340.315.350', 'A08.800.050.300.300', 'A08.800.050.800.300'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.598'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['E05.680'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison between electro-acupuncture and hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education and patient education alone, on the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) and hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education or with patient education alone, in the treatment of osteoarthritis in the hip.METHODS: Forty-five patients, aged 42-86 years, with radiographic changes consistent with osteoarthritis in the hip, pain related to motion, pain on load, and ache were chosen. They were randomly allocated to EA, hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education, or patient education alone. Outcome measures were the disability rating index (DRI), global self-rating index (GSI), and visual analogue scale (VAS). Assessments were done before the intervention and immediately after the last treatment and 1, 3, and 6 months after the last treatment.RESULTS: Pain related to motion and pain on load was reduced up to 3 months after last the treatment in the hydrotherapy group and up to 6 months in the EA group. Ache during the day was significantly improved in both the EA and hydrotherapy group up to 3 months after the last treatment. Ache during the night was reduced in the hydrotherapy group up to 3 months after the last treatment and in the EA group up to 6 months after. Disability in functional activities was improved in EA and hydrotherapy groups up to 6 months after the last treatment. Quality of life was also improved in EA and hydrotherapy groups up to 3 months after the last treatment. There were no changes in the education group alone.DISCUSSION: In conclusion, EA and hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education, induce long-lasting effects, shown by reduced pain and ache and by increased functional activity and quality of life, as demonstrated by differences in the pre- and post-treatment assessments.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Electroacupuncture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrotherapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Hip', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Quality of Life', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,100,594
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E02.186.250', 'E02.190.044.244', 'E02.331.399', 'E02.779.468.399', 'E02.831.535.468.399', 'E03.091.823.500', 'E03.155.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.779.492', 'E02.831.535.492'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.400', 'C05.799.613.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sex differences in the toxicokinetics of inhaled solvent vaporsin humans 1. m-Xylene.
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate possible sex differences in the inhalation toxicokinetics of m-xylene vapor. Seventeen healthy volunteers (nine women and eight men) were exposed to m-xylene (200 mg/m3) and to clean air (control exposure) on different occasions during 2 h of light physical exercise (50 W). The chosen level corresponds to the occupational exposure limit (8-h time weighted average) in Sweden. m-Xylene was monitored up to 24 h after exposure in exhaled air, blood, saliva, and urine by headspace gas chromatography. m-Methylhippuric acid (a metabolite of m-xylene) was analyzed in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Body fat and lean body mass (LBM) were estimated from sex-specific equations using bioelectrical impedance, body weight, height, and age. Genotypes and/or phenotypes of cytochromes P450 2E1 and 1A1, glutathione transferases M1 and P1, and epoxide hydrolase were determined. The toxicokinetic profile in blood was analyzed using a two-compartment population model. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of m-xylene in exhaled air postexposure was larger in women than in men. In addition, the excretion via exhaled air was significantly higher in women when correcting for body weight or LBM. In contrast, the men had a significantly higher volume of distribution, excretion of m-methylhippuric acid in urine, and AUC of m-xylene in urine. The toxicokinetic analyses revealed no differences between subjects of different metabolic genotypes or phenotypes. In conclusion, the study indicates small sex differences in the inhalation toxicokinetics of m-xylene, which can be explained by body build.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inhalation Exposure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Physical Exertion', 'Sex Factors', 'Solvents', 'Volatilization', 'Xylenes']
| 14,644,617
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.112'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G11.427.683'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D27.720.844'], ['G01.645.750', 'G02.734.933'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.948']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Concomitant neuropeptide-producing endometrial carcinomas and ileal carcinoid tumors.
|
The concomitant occurrence of neuropeptide-reactive endometrial carcinoma and ileal carcinoid tumor represents an observation that has been unreported until now. We have seen two patients with this rare combination of tumors. The endometrial carcinomas in these cases manifested focal immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase; in addition, one contained rare cells showing positive staining for gastrin, and the other displayed focal content of substance P. The carcinoid tumors seen in each case demonstrated immunocytochemical positivity for neuron-specific enolase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and one also exhibited immunoreactivity for gastrin. Whether this association of neoplasms represents a syndromic complex or a coincidence is a matter of speculation at present.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoid Tumor', 'Female', 'Gastrins', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Ileal Neoplasms', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Substance P', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 2,420,166
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.200', 'C04.557.470.200.025.200', 'C04.557.580.625.650.200'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.501', 'C06.301.371.411.501', 'C06.405.249.411.501', 'C06.405.469.420.501', 'C06.405.469.491.501'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Administration of sirolimus affects vein graft neointima hyperplasia].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sirolimus on vein graft neointima hyperplasia via oral administration compared with local delivery, and find out an effective and safe way to provide support for clinical application.METHODS: A rabbit external jugular vein-to-common carotid artery model was established. Twenty-four healthy rabbits were divided into 4 groups at random: blank-control group, F-127 control group, group 3 that received locally applied slow-releasing Sirolimus with F-127, group 4 that received oral Sirolimus (the commercial name Rapamune). The ratio of intima to medium thickness and re-stenosis rate (ratio of lumina to lumina plus intima area) were measured, PCNA positive cells by immunohistochemical staining were detected to indicate the degree of cell proliferation, and apoptosis cells detected by TUNEL.RESULTS: Compared with blank-control group, neointima hyperplasia was inhibited significantly in group 3 and group 4 [intima thickness were (90.11 +/- 10.99) microm versus (29.38 +/- 10.45) microm, (18.29 +/- 9.03) microm, respectively]. Re-stenosis rate was reduced (lumina area/ total area ratio were 0. 58 +/- 0.11 versus 0.80 +/- 0.16, 0.77 +/- 0.16, respectively). Proliferation of VSMC was inhibited (cell proliferation indexes were 31.03%+/-6.80% versus 20.32% +/- 9.19%, 16.22% +/- 5.85%, respectively) and cell apoptosis level raised (cell apoptosis indexes were 16.27% +/- 6.49% versus 33.39% +/- 7.05%, 33.42% +/- 7.11%, respectively). There was no significant difference between group 3 and group 4.CONCLUSION: Both locally applied slow-releasing Sirolimus and oral Rapamune could inhibit vein graft neointima hyperplasia; Administration via local delivery was preferred for little side-effect on the whole body. This conclusion provides support for clinical application.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Coronary Restenosis', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Hyperplasia', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Jugular Veins', 'Male', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Rabbits', 'Random Allocation', 'Sirolimus', 'Tunica Intima']
| 17,068,626
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A07.015.114.186.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C14.280.647.250.285.200', 'C14.907.585.250.285.200'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E05.393.475'], ['A07.015.908.498'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['A07.015.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serum levels and differential expression of CD44 in childhood leukemia and malignant lymphoma: correlation with prognostic criteria and survival.
|
BACKGROUND: The CD44, a cell surface proteoglycan, participates in a variety of function including tumor dissemination and metastasis. However, there are no available data on the prognostic significance of CD44 expression of tumor tissue correlated with serum sCD44 level in childhood leukemias and lymphomas.METHODS: Serum levels and leukemic cell tumor tissue expression of CD44 were detected in 54 children with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Serum samples were obtained from all patients before treatment and during remission. Twelve age-matched healthy children were included as a control group.RESULTS: The serum CD44 levels were significantly higher in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) than those in the control group. The median values were 1627.0, 1336.0, 1318.5, 1730.4, 902.7 ng/mL, respectively, and P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05 in comparisons, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the control group (median values: 900.3 and 902.7 ng/mL, respectively, P>0.05). Serum sCD44 levels significantly declined in HD, NHL and ALL patients who were in complete remission (median values: 684.0, 573.8 and 1101.1 ng/mL, respectively, P<0.05 in each comparison). Patients with HD had higher levels of serum sCD44 and correlated well with higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), B-symptoms and advanced-stage disease (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Expression of CD44 was significantly high in patients with HD and NHL who were in advanced stages of disease. High serum CD44 level was also associated with high tumor tissue expression of CD44 in patients with HD and BL. In addition, patients with higher levels of serum sCD44, had a poorer outcome and survival than those with lower sCD44 levels in HD and NHL groups.CONCLUSIONS: A high serum sCD44 level and/or tumor tissue expression at diagnosis is associated with poor prognostic criteria and/or unfavorable outcome in childhood leukemias and lymphomas.
|
['Adolescent', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prognosis']
| 11,472,578
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.165', 'C01.925.928.313.165', 'C04.557.386.480.150.165', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.165', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.165'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Antiidiotypic responses to immunization with anti-Leu 3a in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals.
|
Anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been reported to bind to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120. To establish whether HIV-infected patients can mount an anti-idiotypic response to murine MAb, four individuals with symptoms of AIDS-related complex (ARC) were immunized over 10 weeks with six intramuscular injections of anti-Leu 3a (1 mg). Despite their immunocompromised state, all patients made anti-constant region and anti-idiotypic antibodies, although the amplitude of the responses varied between individuals. No significant toxic or allergic reactions were seen, and there were no changes in clinical status during the 6 months after immunization. No increase in serum HIV-neutralization titers was seen, and purified anti-idiotypic antibodies did not bind gp120.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 1,671,054
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Structure-based design of potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors with strong in vivo antitumor activity.
|
Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are key apoptosis regulators and attractive cancer therapeutic targets. We have designed and optimized a class of small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL containing a 4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid core structure. A 1.4 ? resolution crystal structure of a lead compound, 12, complexed with Bcl-xL has provided a basis for our optimization. The most potent compounds, 14 and 15, bind to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with subnanomolar K(i) values and are potent antagonists of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in functional assays. Compounds 14 and 15 inhibit cell growth with low nanomolar IC(50) values in multiple small-cell lung cancer cell lines and induce robust apoptosis in cancer cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM. Compound 14 also achieves strong antitumor activity in an animal model of human cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Drug Design', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Fluorescence Polarization', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neoplasms', 'Piperazines', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Pyrazoles', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Sulfonamides', 'bcl-X Protein']
| 22,747,598
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['C04'], ['D03.383.606'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.937', 'D12.776.476.075.718.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isoflurane preconditioning protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against in vitro simulated ischemia-reperfusion through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway.
|
It has been reported that a prior exposure of isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic in clinical practice, reduces brain cell death after ischemia. This isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection has been shown in rat in vivo and in vitro brain ischemia models. To investigate the mechanisms of this protection, we used the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and simulated ischemia in vitro by oxygen-glucose deprivation. We found that isoflurane exposure for 30 min at 24 h before a 5-h oxygen-glucose deprivation dose-dependently reduced cell death. Isoflurane exposure induced phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Inhibition of the phospho-ERK expression abolished the isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection. Isoflurane exposure also increased the expression of early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) and Bcl-2, proteins downstream of ERK. Egr-1 is a transcription factor and plays a role in cell survival. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein. The increased expression of Egr-1 and Bcl-2 by isoflurane was inhibited by ERK inhibition. Thus, our results suggest a role of ERK/Egr-1/Bcl-2 pathway in the isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
|
['Butadienes', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA, Single-Stranded', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Isoflurane', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Nitriles', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Signal Transduction']
| 16,806,162
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.146.240'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['D02.355.601.570'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D02.626'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical changes in the gingiva as a result of at-home bleaching.
|
An investigative study was performed to evaluate changes in gingival health with the application of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel using exposure times of 2 and 7 hours (overnight). The presence or absence of gingival inflammation was recorded using the Loe and Silness Gingival Index at intervals over a 28-day period. The results showed no statistical significance between the preoperative gingival index scores and those recorded at any point during the study, regardless of exposure time.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Carbamide Peroxide', 'Dental Devices, Home Care', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Gels', 'Gingivitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Periodontal Index', 'Peroxides', 'Self Care', 'Time Factors', 'Tooth Bleaching', 'Urea']
| 8,620,374
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.318', 'D01.339.431.374.318', 'D01.650.550.750.300', 'D02.065.950.278', 'D02.389.338.154'], ['E06.186.250', 'E06.761.726.292', 'E07.222.250'], ['D26.310'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['C01.408', 'C07.465.714.258.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.725', 'E06.208.720', 'E06.721.658', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.690', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.725', 'N06.890.160.215'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E06.420.750'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Models of neuropathic pain in the rat.
|
Peripheral nerve injury due to trauma, disease, and certain toxins sometimes produces abnormal (neuropathic) pain syndromes that are chronic and refractory to standard analgesics. Knowledge of the mechanisms that produce neuropathic pain and the ability to search for new drugs to control it have been greatly advanced by the introduction of rat models of post-traumatic painful peripheral neuropathy. There are currently three models of neuropathic pain in the rat that are widely used. The procedures to create these models and the behavioral assays used to quantify the resulting neuropathic pain symptoms are described in this unit: the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, the partial sciatic ligation (PSL) model, and the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Four kinds of abnormal pain sensations are commonly measured to assess the outcome: heat-hyperalgesia, mechano-hyperalgesia, mechano-allodynia, and cold-allodynia.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Male', 'Neuralgia', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 21,956,807
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management of cerebral malperfusion in surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection.
|
OBJECTIVES: Cerebral malperfusion for patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) remains an unsolved problem. The present study aimed to evaluate our management of cerebral perfusion and identify predictors of perioperative cerebral malperfusion in patients undergoing surgical repair of AAAD.METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2015, 137 consecutive patients with AAAD underwent aortic replacement at Tsuchiya General Hospital. The status of the dissected supra-aortic branch vessels (SABVs) was classified as patent or thrombosis by preoperative computed tomographic angiography. Intraoperative cerebral perfusion was monitored by transcutaneous carotid echo and regional oxygen saturation. In cases with neurological symptoms or cerebral malperfusion, quick cerebral perfusion was immediately started using a quick cutdown technique. We assessed clinical outcomes, including mortality and complications, and analysed predictors of early mortality and cerebral malperfusion.RESULTS: The early mortality rate was 8.0%. Postoperative cerebral injury was observed in 4 patients (2.9%). Nineteen patients had perioperative cerebral malperfusion. There were no postoperative cerebral injuries in the patients in whom intraoperative cerebral malperfusion was corrected. Multivariable analysis revealed that preoperative shock (odds ratio [OR] 22.60, P < 0.0001) and extension of dissection to the abdominal aorta (OR 9.31, P = 0.0064) were significant risk factors for early mortality. Preoperative neurological symptoms (OR 12.40, P = 0.0006) and partial or complete thrombosis of the SABV (OR 64.10, P < 0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of perioperative cerebral malperfusion.CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative cerebral perfusion should be carefully managed, especially in the patients with preoperative neurological symptoms or partial or complete thrombosis of the SABV.
|
['Aged', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Thrombosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reperfusion', 'Risk Factors', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 28,369,452
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425', 'C14.907.253.566.350', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.100.700', 'E05.680.730'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of sorghum particle size on digestibility of nutrients at the terminal ileum and over the total digestive tract of growing-finishing pigs.
|
The effect of sorghum particle size on nutrient digestibilities at the terminal ileum and over the total digestive tract of growing-finishing pigs were investigated in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square trial. Sorghum-casein diets were used. Sorghum was dry rolled (C) or ground in a hammer mill through 6.4 mm (M) or 3.2 mm (F) screens, producing particles with a modulus of fineness of 3.57, 2.85 or 2.36, respectively. Each successive reduction in particle size improved (P less than .05) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, starch, gross energy and N. Measured over the total digestive tract, digestibilities of these components were highest (P less than .05) for the F diet but they did not differ (P greater than .10) between diets M and C because of increased (P less than .05) disappearance in the large intestine of dry matter, starch and gross energy from the C diet. N loss in the large intestine was also higher for pigs fed diet C than for those fed diet M, but the difference was not significant. The digestibilities of most amino acids at the terminal ileum were improved (P less than .05) as particle size decreased. Lysine digestibilities were not affected (P greater tha .10). Amino acid digestibilities measured over the total digestive tract were consistently higher (P less than .05) for diet F than diets M and C, which did not differ (P greater than .10) from one another. A comparison of ileal and total tract digestibilities indicated a net disappearance of all measured amino acids except lysine during large intestine transit. These data indicate that increasing fineness of grind will improve digestibility of nutrients in sorghum by growing-finishing pigs.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Caseins', 'Digestion', 'Digestive System', 'Ileum', 'Male', 'Particle Size', 'Poaceae', 'Swine']
| 7,263,529
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['A03'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['G02.712'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Global implications of regional grain production through virtual water trade.
|
Crop yields (Y) and virtual water content (VWC) of agricultural production are affected by climate variability and change, and are highly dependent on geographical location, crop type, specific planting and harvesting practice, soil property and moisture, hydro-geologic and climate conditions. This paper assesses and analyzes historical (1985-2009) and future (2040-2064) Y and VWC of three cereal crops (i.e., wheat, barley, and canola) with high spatial resolution in the highly intensive agricultural region of Alberta, Canada, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A calibrated and validated SWAT hydrological model is used to supplement agricultural (rainfed and irrigation) models to simulate Y and crop evapotranspiration (ET) at the sub-basin scales. The downscaled climate projections from nine General Climate Models (GCMs) for RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios are fed into the calibrated SWAT model. Results from an ensemble average of GCMs show that Y and VWC are projected to change drastically under both RCPs. The trade (export-import) of wheat grain from Alberta to more than a hundred countries around the globe led to the annual saving of ~5 billion m3 of virtual water (VW) during 1996-2005. Based on the weighted average of VWC for both rainfed and irrigated conditions, future population and consumption, our projections reveal an annual average export potential of ~138 billion m3 of VW through the flow of these cereal crops in the form of both grain and other processed foods. This amount is expected to outweigh the total historical provincial water yield of 66 billion m3 and counts for 47% of total historical precipitation and 61% of total historical actual ET. The research outcome highlights the importance of local high-resolution inputs in regional modeling and understanding the local to global water-food trade policy for sustainable agriculture.
|
['Agriculture', 'Alberta', 'Brassica', 'Climate Change', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Edible Grain', 'Hordeum', 'Models, Biological', 'Triticum', 'Water', 'Water Resources']
| 31,096,411
|
[['J01.040'], ['Z01.107.567.176.064'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['G16.500.275.553.500', 'J01.728.500', 'N06.230.350.500']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Guided optimization of fluid status in haemodialysis patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Achieving normohydration remains a non-trivial issue in haemodialysis therapy. Guiding the haemodialysis patient on the path between fluid overload and dehydration should be the clinical target, although it can be difficult to achieve this target in practice. Objective and clinically applicable methods for the determination of the normohydration status on an individual basis are needed to help in the identification of an appropriate target weight.METHODS: The aim of this prospective trial was to guide the patient population of a complete dialysis centre towards normohydration over the course of approximately 1 year. Fluid status was assessed frequently (at least monthly) in haemodialysis patients (n = 52) with the body composition monitor (BCM), which is based on whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy. The BCM provides the clinician with an objective target for normohydration. The patient population was divided into three groups: the hyperhydrated group (relative fluid overload >15% of extracellular water (ECW); n = 13; Group A), the adverse event group (patients with more than two adverse events in the last 4 weeks; n = 12; Group B) and the remaining patients (n = 27; Group C).RESULTS: In the hyperhydrated group (Group A), fluid overload was reduced by 2.0 L (P < 0.001) without increasing the occurrence of intradialytic adverse events. This resulted in a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 25 mmHg (P = 0.012). Additionally, a 35% reduction in antihypertensive medication (P = 0.031) was achieved. In the adverse event group (Group B), the fluid status was increased by 1.3 L (P = 0.004) resulting in a 73% reduction in intradialytic adverse events (P < 0.001) without significantly increasing the blood pressure.CONCLUSION: The BCM provides an objective assessment of normohydration that is clinically applicable. Guiding the patients towards this target of normohydration leads to better control of hypertension in hyperhydrated patients, less intradialytic adverse events and improved cardiac function.
|
['Body Composition', 'Body Fluids', 'Electric Impedance', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 19,793,930
|
[['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['A12.207'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Antigenic analysis and immunological studies of the uterotropic bacterial strains SH6 and 01 isolated from aborted cows].
|
The uterotropic strains SH6 and O1 were studied immunoelectrophoretically to establish their antigenic relationship. The more readily diffusing component of the O-antigenic fraction of the strains proved immunologically identical with LPA of the R Brucella organisms, while the slower component showed common determinants with the O-antigenic fraction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Immunodiffusion revealed that the O-antigenic fraction of the O1 strain and LPA of the S Brucella organisms contained common antigenic determinants having a weak immunologic activity, and this could explain the agglutination reaction after Wright and Huddleson of the sera from cows with infections caused by the uterotropic strains described. It was established through electrophoresis that in contrast to Yersinia enterocolitica 373 the O-antigenic fraction of the uterotropic strains is immunologically identical with LPA of the R Brucellae. An analogy is shown to exist between the immunologic activity of cow sera from infected animals and the A substance as well as at higher agglutination titers after wright of substance B as described by Amarasinghe.
|
['Abortion, Veterinary', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Brucella', 'Brucella abortus', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Immunodiffusion', 'Immunoelectrophoresis', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Pregnancy', 'Uterus', 'Yersinia']
| 60,821
|
[['C13.703.039.422', 'C22.021'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B03.440.400.425.215.500', 'B03.660.050.070.100'], ['B03.440.400.425.215.500.100', 'B03.660.050.070.100.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350.350', 'E05.196.401.568', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350.350', 'E05.301.300.568', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350.350'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['B03.440.450.425.900', 'B03.660.250.150.950']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of feeding dry-rolled corn-based diets with and without wet distillers grains with solubles and zilpaterol hydrochloride on performance, carcass characteristics, and heat stress in finishing beef steers.
|
Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) has been approved for use since 2006; however, there is no research on any interactions between ZH and coproducts. Additionally, there is no published information on the potential effects of ZH on heat stress in feedlot cattle. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding dry-rolled corn (DRC)-based diets with and without wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and ZH on performance, carcass characteristics, and heat stress in feedlot cattle. Four hundred thirty-eight steers were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 ? 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in 16 pens with 26 to 28 steers in each pen. Factors consisted of inclusion of 0 or 30% (on a DM basis) WDGS and inclusion of ZH at 0 or 84 mg/steer daily for 21 d at the end of the finishing period. Therefore, cattle were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of the resulting 4 treatment combinations: 1) DRC-based diet with 0% WDGS and 84 mg/steer ZH, 2) DRC-based diet with 0% WDGS and no ZH, 3) DRC-based diet with 30% WDGS and 84 mg/steer of ZH, and 4) DRC-based diet with 30% WDGS and no ZH. Final live BW, carcass-adjusted BW, ADG, and G:F were greater for cattle fed ZH than non-ZH-fed cattle (P < 0.01). Additionally, cattle fed ZH consumed 7.4% less DM than cattle not fed ZH (P < 0.01). Cattle fed ZH for 21 d also had a 2.9% greater HCW (P < 0.01), a 1.1% greater dressing percentage (P < 0.01), 7.3% greater LM area (P < 0.01), and an 8.4% improvement in yield grade (P < 0.01) than cattle not fed ZH. For the main effect of WDGS inclusion, ADG was greater for cattle fed 0 vs. 30% WDGS (P = 0.04) and G:F also tended to be greater for cattle fed 0 vs. 30% WDGS (P = 0.07) for the 21-d ZH feeding period. However, when evaluated over the entire experiment, cattle fed 30 vs. 0% WDGS had a greater ADG and G:F (P < 0.01). Furthermore, cattle fed 30 vs. 0% WDGS had a greater dressing percentage and tended to have a greater amount of 12th rib fat (P < 0.07). Heat stress measurements were collected during the time cattle were fed ZH, from May 31 to July 12, 2013. The slopes for change in respiration rate and panting score per day were positive but were not different across dietary treatments (P > 0.71); in addition, the slopes for change in respiration rate and panting score when accounting for environmental conditions were positive but were not different across dietary treatments (P > 0.32).
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Body Composition', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Edible Grain', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Meat', 'Respiratory Rate', 'Trimethylsilyl Compounds', 'Zea mays']
| 25,023,799
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['G07.775.500'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['E01.370.600.875.875', 'G09.772.705.730'], ['D02.756.715'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Depressive symptoms in acute schizophrenic inpatients.
|
Prospective and longitudinal assessment of depressive, positive, and negative symptoms were performed on 86 newly admitted schizophrenic patients. The improvement of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with the improvement in positive symptoms, but did not correlate with the improvement in negative symptoms. However, depressive symptoms were heterogeneous. Principal components analysis was used to subdivide depressive symptoms into five factors. The improvement of the depression-anxiety factor was significantly associated with improvement of positive symptoms. On the other hand, improvement of negative symptoms was significantly related to that of the reduced activity factor. The change in hypochondriasis had a significant positive correlation with the change in positive symptoms and had a significant negative correlation with the change in negative symptoms. Changes in the other factors of depressive symptoms did not appear to be associated with changes in positive or negative symptoms. The present findings suggest that the various depressive symptoms associated with acute schizophrenia may have different pathophysiological origins.
|
['Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology']
| 9,187,012
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Further studies on bacteriophage T4 DNA synthesis in sucrose-plasmolyzed cells.
|
This paper describes several technical improvements in the sucrose-plasmolyzed cell system used in earlier experiments on DNA synthesis in situ with Escherichia coli infected by DNA-defective mutants of bacteriophage T4 (W. L. Collinsworth and C. K. Mathews, J. Virol. 13:908-915, 1974). Using this system, which is based primarily on that of M. G. Wovcha et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70:2196-2200, 1973), we reinvestigated the properties of mutants bearing lesions in genes 1, 41, and 62, and we resolved some disagreements with data reported from that laboratory. We also asked whether the DNA-delay phenotype of T4 mutants is related to possible early leakage of DNA precursors from infected cells. Such cells display defective DNA synthesis in situ, even when ample DNA precursors are made available. Thus, the lesions associated with these mutations seem to manifest themselves at the level of macromolecular metabolism. Similarly, we examined an E. coli mutant defective in its ability to support T4 production, apparently because of a lesion affecting DNA synthesis (L. Simon et al., Nature [London] 252:451-455). In the plasmolyzed cell system, reduced nucleotide incorporation is seen, indicating also that the genetic defect does not involve DNA precursor synthesis. The plasmolyzed cell system incorporates deoxynucleotide 5'-monophosphates into DNA severalfold more rapidly than the corresponding 5'-triphosphates. This is consistent with the idea that DNA precursor-synthesizing enzymes are functionally organized to shuttle substrates to their sites of utilization.
|
['Coliphages', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Viral', 'Deoxyribonucleotides', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes', 'Mutation', 'Osmosis', 'Phenotype', 'Sucrose']
| 328,926
|
[['B04.123.205'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D13.695.201'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495'], ['G05.695'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The noise sampling period: a new cause of apparent sensing malfunction of demand pacemakers.
|
Two patients with Omni-Stanicor pulse generators presented an apparent sensing problem characterized by intermittent reversion to fixed-rate pacing only during atrial fibrillation with a very rapid ventricular rate. Every fixed-rate cycle contained two unsensed beats. The first unsensed beat fell in the noise sampling period (the last 1/6 of the pacemaker refractory period) and, therefore, disabled the demand function of the pulse generator for a single timing cycle. The presence of two consecutively unsensed beats within one timing cycle (automatic or escape interval) during tachycardia suggests normal function of the noise sampling period of this particular pulse generator, rather than a true sensing problem. The diagnosis becomes evident if the sensing problem disappears when abbreviation of the refractory period occurs by reprogramming the pulse generator at a higher rate.
|
['Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Electric Power Supplies', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Tachycardia']
| 83,638
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E07.305.124'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Antigens associated with chemically induced intestinal carcinomas of rats.
|
Rabbits were immunized with extracts of primary or grafted intestinal adeno-carcinomas induced by carcinogenic drugs in inbred rats. After absorption with normal tissue extracts, the antisera were able to recognize three tumor-associated antigens. Two of them were glycoproteins, present in cancer cells but also, in trace amounts, in mucous cells of the normal digestive tract. The third antigen is not detectable in the normal digestive system, but present in normal spleen; on im-unofluorescence, it is not located in the cancer cells, but in polymorphonuclear cells infiltrating the tumor. None of the three antigens cross-reacts with human carcinoembryonic antigen, or human or rat alphafetoprotein. On the other hand, one of the glycoprotein antigens is immunologically related to the human blood group A substance.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Cross Reactions', 'Epitopes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Guanidines', 'Humans', 'Hydrazines', 'Immune Sera', 'Immunodiffusion', 'Immunoelectrophoresis', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 47,840
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D02.078.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350.350', 'E05.196.401.568', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350.350', 'E05.301.300.568', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350.350'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Insulin biosynthesis and secretion.
|
Studies are presented which support the concept that a cell membrane localized glucoreceptor system is involved in the insulin secretory response to glucose and that the specific stimulation of insulin synthesis by glucose reflects effects at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. After 48 hours of fasting the insulin secretory response to glucose is markedly reduced. This reduction is overcome by 24 hours of refeeding carbohydrate, but notprotein or fat, and is blocked by refeeding in the presence of an inhibitor of RNA synthesis. Although these studies clearly demonstrate an inducible glucoreceptor system, they do not permit conclusions regarding either its composition or location in the beta-cell. Phloridzin, a glycoside with a high affinity for glucose-carrier systems in plama membranes, stimulated basal insulin secretion sixfold. A large number of plant lectins were tested for ability to stimulate insulin release from isolated islets, and only mushroom lectin did so. The lectin concentration producing half-maximal hormone releaseis 3 x 10-7, a value in good agreement with the dissociation constant forlectin binding. Glucose stimulated insulin sythesis in isolated rat islets was determined to be partially inhibited by actinomycin D. The posttranscriptional effect was determined to be increased initiation of total islet mRNAas well as proinsulin mRNA. To futher quantitate the effect of glucose on proinsulin mRNA, immunoprecipitation of proinsulin synthesizing polysomes was accomplished. It appeared that proinsulin is synthesized on a mRNA accommodating six to eight ribosomes, and the size of the proinsulin mRNA is 10-11 S on sucrose gradients. This unexpectedly large size of the proinsulin mRNA is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Dactinomycin', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fasting', 'Glucose', 'Glycopeptides', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Lectins', 'Polyribosomes', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Proinsulin', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Drug', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,093,883
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D09.400.420', 'D12.644.233'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['D12.776.503'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811.740'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500', 'D12.776.811.706'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.735'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.827'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Controlled fabrication of porous double-walled TiO2 nanotubes via ultraviolet-assisted anodization.
|
Double-walled TiO2 nanotubes with porous wall morphologies are fabricated by anodization under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. TiO2 formed by anodization of Ti is activated to generate electrons and holes by UV and the anodization process is influenced by the photo-generated charges. As a consequence, morphologies of the fabricated TiO2 nanotubes can be adjusted by controlling the UV illumination. Double-walled TiO2 nanotubes or single-walled nanotubes can be selectively formed by switching on/off the UV illumination. The thickness of the inner and outer walls of the double-walled nanotubes can be tailored by changing the UV power. Due to their larger surface areas compared to single-walled nanotubes, the porous double-walled nanotubes exhibit an enhanced photo-degradation rate for methylene blue (MB). The mechanism of the porous double-walled TiO2 nanotubes is proposed based on the photoactive semiconducting property of the as-growing TiO2 nanotubes under UV.
|
['Catalysis', 'Methylene Blue', 'Nanotubes', 'Photolysis', 'Porosity', 'Titanium', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 24,562,049
|
[['G02.130'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['G02.740.685'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[COALL-80 therapy in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood--an interim report].
|
In order to reduce the toxicity of the otherwise very effective childhood ALL treatment protocol BFM 76/79 asparaginase was omitted from the 4-drug induction regimen and placed as single drug before the intensification phase. In addition the effect of 3-monthly intermediate dose methotrexate (ID-MTX) pulses versus conventional vincristine (VCR) pulses during maintenance therapy was studied. Of 145 evaluable patients 124 (85.5%) survive in continuous and complete remission (CCR) at a median observation time of 21 (1,5-47) months. The expected rate of patients in CCR at 4 years is 75% respectively 80% after exclusion of 4 patients with fatal complications and one remission failure. These relapse free survival data re equal to the BFM 76/79 and 79/81 results. There was very few therapy related morbidity and no mortality from the COALL-80 induction therapy modification. The intensification phase, however, which was adopted from the BFM study without modification was difficult to manage and was not free of life threatening mostly infectious complications which were fatal in 4 cases. ID-MTX pulses did not prove superior to conventional VCR pulses. The relapse rate in patients with the c-ALL subtype was markedly lower than in any other subtype, remarkably also than in the undifferentiated type.
|
['Adolescent', 'Asparaginase', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Daunorubicin', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Prednisolone', 'Vincristine']
| 6,576,203
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D08.811.277.087.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Multimodal Exercise Benefits Mobility in Older Adults With Visual Impairment: A Preliminary Study.
|
Evidence-based recommendations for interventions to reduce fall risk in older adults with visual impairment are lacking. Adapted tango dance (Tango) and a balance and mobility program (FallProof) have improved mobility, balance, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with movement impairment. This study compared the efficacy of Tango and FallProof for 32 individuals with visual impairment (age: M = 79.3, SD =11 [51-95 years]). Participants were assigned to Tango or FallProof to complete twenty, 90-min lessons within 12 weeks. Participants underwent assessment of balance, dual-tasking, endurance, gait, and vision-related QOL. The balance reactions of participants in both groups improved (p < .001). Endurance, cognitive dual-tasking, and vision-related QOL may have improved more for Tango than FallProof. Group differences and gains were maintained across time. Both programs could be effective options for motor rehabilitation for older adults with visual impairment because they may improve mobility and QOL while reducing fall risk.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dancing', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postural Balance', 'Quality of Life', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visually Impaired Persons']
| 25,562,206
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['I03.450.642.287'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.150.850']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
BrainPrint: identifying subjects by their brain.
|
Introducing BrainPrint, a compact and discriminative representation of anatomical structures in the brain. BrainPrint captures shape information of an ensemble of cortical and subcortical structures by solving the 2D and 3D Laplace-Beltrami operator on triangular (boundary) and tetrahedral (volumetric) meshes. We derive a robust classifier for this representation that identifies the subject in a new scan, based on a database of brain scans. In an example dataset containing over 3000 MRI scans, we show that BrainPrint captures unique information about the subject's anatomy and permits to correctly classify a scan with an accuracy of over 99.8%. All processing steps for obtaining the compact representation are fully automated making this processing framework particularly attractive for handling large datasets.
|
['Algorithms', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Biometric Identification', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Software', 'Subtraction Technique']
| 25,320,780
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.318.740.225.500', 'N04.452.910.099'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.350.760']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Long-Term Outcome After Retro-Areolar Versus Peri-Tumoral Injection of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIO) for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Breast Cancer Surgery.
|
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: SPIO is effective in sentinel node (SN) detection. No nuclear medicine department is needed, and no allergic reactions have occurred. This study aimed to compare retro-areolar and peri-tumoral SPIO injections regarding skin staining, detection rates and number of SNs.METHODS: Data on staining size, intensity and cosmetic outcome (0-5; 0 = no problem) were collected by telephone interviews with 258 women undergoing breast conservation. SN detection and the number of SNs were prospectively registered in 332 women.RESULTS: After retro-areolar and peri-tumoral injections, 67.3% and 37.8% (p < 0.001) developed skin staining, with remaining staining in 46.2 vs. 9.4% after 36 months (p < 0.001). Initial mean size was 16.3 vs. 6.8 cm (p < 0.001) and after 36 months, 6.6 vs. 1.8 cm2 (p < 0.001). At 75.1% of 738 interviews, staining was reported paler. After retro-areolar injections, cosmetic outcome scored worse for 2 years. The mean (median) scores were 1.3(0) vs. 0.5(0) points, and 0.2(0) vs. 0.1(0) points, at 12 and 36 months, respectively. Overall detection rates were 98.3% and 97.4% (p = 0.43) and the number of SNs 1.35 vs. 1.57 (p = 0.02) after retro-areolar and peri-tumoral injections. Injection, regardless of type, 1-27 days before surgery increased detection rates with SPIO, 98.0% vs. 94.2% (p = 0.06) ,and SN numbers, 1.56 vs. 1.27 (p = 0.003).CONCLUSION: SPIO is effective and facilitates planning for surgery. Peri-tumoral injection reduced staining with a similar detection rate. Staining was not considered a cosmetic problem among most women. Injecting SPIO 1-27 days before surgery increased the detection rate by 3.8% and increased the number of SNs by 0.3.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Lobular', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetite Nanoparticles', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Nipples', 'Prognosis', 'Sentinel Lymph Node', 'Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy']
| 30,830,536
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.305', 'C04.557.470.615.305', 'C04.588.180.437', 'C17.800.090.500.437'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600.500.144.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['A01.236.500'], ['E01.789'], ['A10.549.400.750', 'A15.382.520.604.412.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.580', 'E01.370.225.998.054.580', 'E01.370.388.100.580', 'E04.074.580', 'E04.446.819', 'E05.200.500.384.100.580', 'E05.200.998.054.580', 'E05.242.384.100.580']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expert opinion and controversies in musculoskeletal and sports medicine: core stabilization as a treatment for low back pain.
|
Although there are a wide variety of therapeutic exercises that have been proposed as treatments for low back pain (LBP), the last 20 years have seen the development of a substantial focus on the use of exercises that are intended to address intersegmental stability in the lumbar spine. These exercise programs are varyingly referred to as lumbar stabilization, segmental stabilization, or core stabilization, among other terms, and are aimed at improving the neuromuscular control, strength, and endurance of a number of muscles in the trunk and pelvic floor that are believed to play important roles in the dynamic stability of the spine. Although it is difficult to quantify, there appears to have been a tremendous degree of penetration of these treatment concepts into the therapeutic arena, the medical literature, and the lay press. Despite this, there are few prospective studies on patients with LBP, and there is even more limited discussion of the concepts of patient selection, dose-response, and long-term outcome associated with these approaches. There also is a significant lack of uniformity regarding the meaning of "core stabilization" and what therapeutic exercises may be most effective.
|
['Exercise Therapy', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Sports Medicine']
| 18,047,895
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['H02.403.830']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Global Burden of Cancer 2013.
|
IMPORTANCE: Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies.OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013.EVIDENCE REVIEW: The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs.FINDINGS: In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Life Expectancy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Sex Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 26,181,261
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.400'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anteroventral third ventricular N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, but not metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved in hemorrhagic AVP secretion.
|
This study aimed to investigate the roles of glutamate (Glu) receptors in the anteroventral third ventricular region (AV3V), a pivotal area for water, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulations, in causing vasopressin (AVP) secretion and other phenomena in response to bleeding. The effects of intracerebral infusions of MK-801 [a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist] or a metabotropic Glu receptor antagonist (MCPG) on plasma levels of AVP, electrolytes, osmolality and glucose, heart rate and arterial pressure following AV3V administration with NMDA or bleeding stimuli were analyzed in conscious rats. NMDA provoked prominent rises of plasma AVP, osmolality, glucose and arterial pressure, without changing plasma electrolytes or heart rate significantly. All the effects of NMDA were blocked by pre-administration of MK-801 into the same loci. Removal through a femoral arterial line of 10 ml blood per kg body weight did not affect arterial pressure or other variables significantly, although plasma AVP and angiotensin II (ANG II) tended to increase. When bleeding was repeated after 10 min (B2), arterial pressure dropped promptly, and plasma AVP, ANG II, osmolality and glucose augmented remarkably. MK-801 applied 35 min preceding B2, to loci such as the median preoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area inhibited the response of plasma AVP significantly, without exerting any effects on other variables. When MK-801 was administered intracerebroventricularly, or when MCPG was infused into the AV3V, significant alterations did not occur in B2-evoked responses of plasma AVP nor in those of the other variables. In rats given sham bleeding after AV3V infusions of MK-801 or MCPG or intracerebroventricular applications of MK-801, all monitored variables roughly remained at stable levels throughout the experiments. We conclude that NMDA receptors in AV3V, but not metabotropic Glu receptors, may facilitate AVP secretion in hypotensive hypovolemia.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Dizocilpine Maleate', 'Drug Interactions', 'Electrolytes', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Glycine', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemorrhage', 'Hypothalamus', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Male', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Third Ventricle', 'Time Factors', 'Vasopressins', 'Wakefulness']
| 15,925,145
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.380', 'D04.615.181.384.380'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D01.248'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['D12.125.481'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['C23.550.414'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['A08.186.211.140.840'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Leadership Transitions and the First 90 Days.
|
This department highlights change management strategies that may be successful in strategically planning and executing organizational change initiatives. In this article, the author discusses leadership role transitions and provides a framework for successfully navigating the crucial 1st 90 days in an executive leadership role.
|
['Humans', 'Leadership', 'Nurse Administrators', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Personnel Turnover', 'Professional Role']
| 27,011,151
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['M01.526.070.670', 'M01.526.485.650.580', 'N02.360.650.580'], ['N04.452.610'], ['N04.452.677.680'], ['F01.829.316.616.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical efficacy of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant in treatment of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage (NPH).METHODS: A total of 122 neonates diagnosed with NPH between January 2010 and June 2014 were enrolled. After being stratified by gestational age, the neonates were randomly divided into treatment (HFOV+PS) and control (HFOV alone) groups (n=61 each). Both groups were treated with HFOV after the onset of NPH. After 2-4 hours of HFOV treatment, the treatment group received PS via intratracheal injections, followed by continuous use of HFOV. Dynamic changes in the blood gas, oxygenation index (OI), and PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) values of the neonates were determined before HFOV treatment and after 6, 12, and 24 hours of HFOV treatment. The time to hemostasis, duration of ventilation, incidence of complications, and cure rate were compared between groups.RESULTS: After 6, 12, and 24 hours of HFOV treatment, the treatment group had significantly improved PaO2, PaCO2, O/I, and P/F values compared with the control group (P<0.05). The time to hemostasis and the duration of ventilation were significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01), and the incidence of complications was lower in the former than in the latter (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the cure rate between the treatment (87%) and control (82%) groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: HFOV combined with PS is an effective treatment to improve oxygenation, shorten the time to hemostasis and the duration of ventilation, and reduce the incidence of complications in neonates with NPH. However, the dual therapy is unable to reduce the mortality of neonates compared with HFOV monotherapy.
|
['Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'High-Frequency Ventilation', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Surfactants']
| 25,919,553
|
[['E02.186'], ['C23.550.414'], ['E02.041.625.508', 'E02.880.820.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C08.381'], ['D27.505.954.796.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adverse events after surgery for nonmalignant colon polyps are common and associated with increased length of stay and costs.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic resection (ER) is a safe and effective treatment for nonmalignant complex colorectal polyps (complex polyps). Surgical resection (SR) remains prevalent despite limited outcomes data. We aimed to evaluate SR outcomes for complex polyps and compare SR outcomes to those of ER.METHODS: We performed a single-center, retrospective, cohort study of all patients undergoing SR (2003-2013) and ER (2011-2013) for complex polyps. We excluded patients with invasive carcinoma from the SR cohort. Primary outcomes were 12-month adverse event (AE) rate, length of stay (LOS), and costs. SR outcomes over a 3-year period (2011-2013) were compared with the overlapping ER cohort.RESULTS: Over the 11-year period, 359 patients (mean [± SD] age 64 ± 11 years) underwent SR (58% laparoscopic) for complex polyps. In total, 17% experienced an AE, and 3% required additional surgery; 12-month mortality was 1%. Including readmissions, median LOS was 5 days (IQR 4-7 days), and costs were $14,528. When an AE occurred, costs ($25,557 vs $14,029; P < .0001) and LOS (11 vs 5 days; P < .0001) significantly increased. From 2011 to 2013, 198 patients were referred for ER, and 73 underwent primary SR (70% laparoscopic). There was a lower AE rate for ER versus primary SR (10% vs 18%; P = .09). ER costs (including rescue SR, when required) were lower than those of primary SR ($2152 vs $15,264; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS: AEs occur in approximately one-sixth of patients after SR for complex polyps. ER-accounting for rescue SR caused by malignancy, AEs, or incomplete resection-is associated with markedly lower costs than SR. These data should be used when counseling patients about treatment options for complex polyps.
|
['Adenoma', 'Aged', 'Colectomy', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Endoscopic Mucosal Resection', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'United States']
| 26,828,760
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.219'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.230', 'E04.210.240.250.230', 'E04.502.250.250.250.230'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of genetic variants of ST8SIA2 and NCAM1 genes on seasonal mood changes and circadian preference in the general population.
|
ST8SIA2 and NCAM1 are functionally related genes forming polysialic acid (PSA) - neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) complex in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the regulating site of circadian biological rhythm. In this study, the relationship of ST8SIA2 and NCAM1 with circadian and seasonal rhythms of human behavior was explored. Subjects were 261 healthy Korean adults who were free of any history of clinically significant psychiatric symptoms. The phenotypes were circadian preference and seasonal change of mood and behavior (seasonality) measured by the Composite Scale of Morningness and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, respectively. Thirty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the ST8SIA2 region and 15 SNPs of NCAM1 were analyzed. A nominally significant association with seasonality and circadian preference was observed in 21 variants of both genes. After corrections for multiple testing, associations of 8 SNPs of ST8SIA2 and 2 SNPs of NCAM1 with seasonality remained significant. Some of these SNPs were also associated with psychiatric disorders in previous studies. This study demonstrated a meaningful and/or suggestive evidence of association between behavioral phenotypes reflecting human biological rhythm and two interplaying genes involved in the plasticity of SCN's neuronal network.
|
['Adult', 'Affect', 'CD56 Antigen', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Seasons', 'Sialyltransferases', 'Young Adult']
| 29,215,920
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.520.156', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.520.156', 'D23.050.301.264.894.156', 'D23.050.301.350.250.520.156', 'D23.101.100.894.156'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D08.811.913.400.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A simple method to determine leaf angles of grass species.
|
There are several very accurate methods to determine leaf angles in closed canopies. However, these are generally very time-consuming or require special equipment. Average canopy leaf angles were derived from simple height and blade length measurements. An exponential relationship between the height/length ratio and the average blade leaf angle was used. The method was tested for two grass species, Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea, grown under different UV-B levels. The results clearly show that the method is reasonably accurate and able to identify UV-B induced changes in leaf angle. To get these results only 50 measurements of leaf blade height and length were necessary to calculate the allometric relationship, after which 10 length and height measurements from a canopy were used to calculate the average canopy leaf angle.
|
['Plant Leaves', 'Poaceae', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 10,944,161
|
[['A18.024.812'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitation of 25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD) using liquid tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS).
|
25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD) is ordered and interpreted clinically in light of calcium balance and homeostasis. Various methodologies including immunoassay and chromatography are described for the measurement of 25OHD in biological fluids. It is well reported that all existing methods are challenging and require a high level of technical expertise. While this is also true of the methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), the technique is gaining favor in various laboratories because it offers advantages of greatly improved specificity and sensitivity.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Humans', 'Reference Standards', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Vitamin D']
| 20,077,103
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy of â-lactam/â-lactamase inhibitor combination is linked to WhiB4-mediated changes in redox physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) expresses a broad-spectrum â-lactamase (BlaC) that mediates resistance to one of the highly effective antibacterials, â-lactams. Nonetheless, â-lactams showed mycobactericidal activity in combination with â-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate (Clav). However, the mechanistic aspects of how Mtb responds to â-lactams such as Amoxicillin in combination with Clav (referred as Augmentin [AG]) are not clear. Here, we identified cytoplasmic redox potential and intracellular redox sensor, WhiB4, as key determinants of mycobacterial resistance against AG. Using computer-based, biochemical, redox-biosensor, and genetic strategies, we uncovered a functional linkage between specific determinants of â-lactam resistance (e.g. â-lactamase) and redox potential in Mtb. We also describe the role of WhiB4 in coordinating the activity of â-lactamase in a redox-dependent manner to tolerate AG. Disruption of WhiB4 enhances AG tolerance, whereas overexpression potentiates AG activity against drug-resistant Mtb. Our findings suggest that AG can be exploited to diminish drug-resistance in Mtb through redox-based interventions.
|
['Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cytoplasm', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'beta-Lactam Resistance', 'beta-Lactamase Inhibitors']
| 28,548,640
|
[['D02.065.589.099.374.160.060', 'D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050.060', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050.060', 'D03.633.100.300.374.160.060', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050.500', 'D26.310.102'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G06.099.225.500', 'G06.225.347.500', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.400', 'D27.505.954.122.085.516']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of timing, sex, and age on site-specific gastrointestinal permeability testing in children and adults.
|
OBJECTIVES: Measurement of gastrointestinal (GI) permeability is commonly used in research and often used clinically. Despite its utility, little is known about sugar excretion timeframes or the potential effects of age and sex on GI permeability testing. We seek to determine the timeframes of sugar excretion and the potential effects of age and sex on urinary recovery of the sugars.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Healthy adults (n = 17) and children (n = 15) fasted 4 hours after the evening meal and then ingested a solution of sucrose, lactulose, mannitol, and sucralose. Urine was collected at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after ingestion and then each time the subjects voided during the next 24 hours. Each urine void was collected separately.RESULTS: Median age for the adults was 47.5 years (range 21-57 years) and for children 10 years (range 5-17 years). There were no differences between children and adults in mean percent dose of sugar recovered. The time of peak urinary recovery of the sugars was generally similar between children and adults. Sucrose urinary recovery declined with age (P = 0.008; r2 = 0.19) unrelated to sex. Lactulose and sucralose urinary recovery declined with age in females (P = 0.05, r2 = 0.24 and P = 0.011, r2 = 0.41; respectively) but not in males.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, sugar urinary recovery is comparable in children and adults. Specific sugar urinary recovery may change as a function of age and/or sex. These results need to be taken into account when planning and interpreting gastrointestinal permeability studies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Biomedical Research', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dietary Sucrose', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Lactulose', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Sucrose', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 20,081,547
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D09.301.831.250', 'D09.698.629.305.770.200', 'D09.947.500.250', 'D09.947.750.770.200', 'D27.720.372.300.353.609.750.250', 'G07.203.300.362.831.250', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700.750.250', 'J02.500.362.831.250', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700.750.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D09.698.629.305.423', 'D09.947.750.423'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparative analysis of the state of asthma prevalence in children from two nation-wide surveys in 1990 and 2000 year].
|
OBJECTIVE: To find out the prevalence change of asthma in children aged 0 - 14 years during the ten years.METHODS: A nationwide randomized survey, covering 27 cities, 27 identical cities/municipalities were chosen for comparison which were divided into 6 sections: mid-south, southwest districts, east-China section, northeast, northwest and north-China districts.RESULTS: Surveys were exclusively in the urban areas, including a population of 287,329 children aged 0 - 14 years in 2000 and 399,193 children in 1990. 4301(1.50%) were screened out as asthma associated children in 2000. Among them 3540(82.31%) children, aged 3 years or more, were diagnosed as asthma of children; 761 (17.69%) as asthma of infants and young children aged less than 3 years; In 1990, 3625 (0.91%) were diagnosed as asthma, and in which 2691 (74.23%) were children aged 3 years or more, other 934 (25.77%) were aged less than 3 years; And male predominate female [the prevalence of male and female are 1.85% (2 733/147 969) and 1.13% (1568/139,360), the rate is 1.74:1.00 in 2000, the prevalence of male and female are 1.08% (2265/210,137) and 0.72% (1360/189,056), the rate is 1.67:1.00 in 1990]. About 90% asthmatic children had onset of wheezing before 6 years old [90.30% (3884/4301) in 2000, and 95.26% (3453/3625) in 1990]. The prevalence of the average asthma of all the 0 - 14 years old asthma population (including asthma of older children and of infants) in 1990 and 2000 is 0.91% and 1.50% respectively. The current prevalence has increased by 64.84%. There was statistically significant difference in asthma prevalence among the 27 cities, in 2000 bring the highest in Shanghai (483/14,468) and Chongqing (374/11,200), both are 3.34%, and the lowest in Lhasa (35/6676), is 0.52%. In 1990, the highest in Chongqing (199/7651) is 2.60%, the lowest in Lhasa (14/15,360) is 0.09%. Two surveys showed that more than 95% patients were treated with antibiotics, and about 35.41% (1523/4301) with the inhaled glucocorticosteroid in 2000, in 1990 it is very rarely.CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant increasing trend (64.84%) of asthma prevalence during the ten years. >From the data of present survey it was inferred that there has been quite some improvement in the accuracy of diagnosis and in the practice of steroid inhalation therapy by the pediatricians in different cities, but we must generalize the GINA hardly and improve the quality of asthmatic children's lives.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Time Factors']
| 14,990,187
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Defining and Measuring Sustainability in the Food & Fitness Initiative.
|
Several frameworks for defining and measuring sustainability in public health have been documented in the literature. For the Food & Fitness Initiative, sustainability was a central aim at the outset and was defined broadly throughout the project. Sustainability included not only funding and resources necessary to support organizational structures but was a core function of how these partnerships were able to focus their work, build capacity, forge lasting relationships, execute the work, and produce systems and policy changes that would endure over time. In this article, we present findings from an online survey assessing partners' views on 10 distinct dimensions of sustainability and several key themes from a set of key informant interviews with partnership leaders. Of the 10 dimensions, participants reported having the most success in creating (1) community ownership, where initiatives are led by and reflect the needs of community residents; (2) a vision that is shared across partners and developed collaboratively; and (3) leadership that includes a diverse team of skilled, credible people. A key learning in this project was that sustainability needs to be intentional and clearly defined and that evaluations should include multiple and ongoing methods to capture several dimensions of sustainability.
|
['Adult', 'Community Participation', 'Community-Institutional Relations', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Food', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Leadership', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Policy Making', 'Program Evaluation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 30,176,770
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['N04.452.822.210'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F01.752.609'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.706.742'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Modulation of eosinophil chemotaxis and eosinophil chemotactic factor release by concanavalin A.
|
Concanavalin A (Con A) is not a chemotactic factor for guinea pig eosinophil leukocytes. It does, however, modulate the response of cells to neutrophil-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) or to C5a. This effect occurs by a direct interaction of Con A with the target cell and is reversible by appropriate doses of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside (alpha-MM). The inhibition of chemotaxis at high doses of Con A is due to agglutination of the cells on top of the filter. The mechanism of enhancement at low doses is not understood, but several possible explanations are explored. Careful definition of the effect of Con A on eosinophil chemotaxis makes it possible to exclude an effect of Con A on ECF secretion by neutrophils.
|
['Animals', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Concanavalin A', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Eosinophils', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Methylmannosides', 'Neutrophils']
| 631,923
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['G12.300'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.408.490.500', 'D09.408.514.700'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The global biogeography of polyploid plants.
|
Deciphering the global distribution of polyploid plants is fundamental for understanding plant evolution and ecology. Many factors have been hypothesized to affect the uneven distribution of polyploid plants across the globe. Nevertheless, the lack of large comparative datasets has restricted such studies to local floras and to narrow taxonomical scopes, limiting our understanding of the underlying drivers of polyploid plant distribution. We present a map portraying the worldwide polyploid frequencies, based on extensive spatial data coupled with phylogeny-based polyploidy inference for tens of thousands of species. This allowed us to assess the potential global drivers affecting polyploid distribution. Our data reveal a clear latitudinal trend, with polyploid frequency increasing away from the equator. Climate, especially temperature, appears to be the most influential predictor of polyploid distribution. However, we find this effect to be mostly indirect, mediated predominantly by variation in plant lifeforms and, to a lesser extent, by taxonomical composition and species richness. Thus, our study presents an emerging view of polyploid distribution that highlights attributes that facilitate the establishment of new polyploid lineages by providing polyploids with sufficient time (that is, perenniality) and space (low species richness) to compete with pre-adapted diploid relatives.
|
['Biological Evolution', 'Forests', 'Phylogeography', 'Plants', 'Polyploidy']
| 30,697,006
|
[['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['B01.650'], ['C23.550.210.702', 'G05.365.590.175.677', 'G05.700.740']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Aortocoronary bypass for the threatened spread of acute myocardial infarction].
|
21 patients with unstable angina in the acute myocardial infarction period were treated by early surgery, on average on the 3th day after infarction. Resistance to medical therapy given in the coronary care unit, associating modern pharmacological agents and circulatory assistance, on the one hand, and the presence of lesions on the coronary arteries accessible to surgery on the other, were the surgical indications. The absence of operative mortality and of electrical changes after operation seem to be related to the many advances made in the various stages of the medico-surgical management. These results suggest that revascularisation surgery with an acceptable risk may be proposed to patients with unstable angina after a recent myocardial infarction.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 115,426
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Microbiological and chemical quality of water used in Colombian food industries].
|
INTRODUCTION: Food safety is a public health concern that is recognized worldwide. Food-borne diseases affect millions of people throughout the world, although mainly in developing countries. The current study was performed within the framework of an inter-administrative agreement in Colombia that considers decisions for improving the sanitary status of products from the agrofood industry in Colombia.OBJECTIVE: Water used in Colombian food industries was assessed for its hygienic and sanitary qualities.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The descriptive cross sectional study included 66 industries located in eight geographic provinces across Colombia, including the Capital District of Bogot?. The analytical determinations included 13 physical-chemical parameters, three bacteriological parameters, organophosphate and carbamate levels and presence of 10 metals. Half of the industries were associated with production of dairy products and the other half with the meat-packing industry.RESULTS: Using the the current standards for human drinking water, the risk index of the food industry water samples was high for 4.5% of these industries, moderate risk for 34.8%, low risk for 16.7% and for 43.9%, no risk. The parameters with the highest number of samples not in compliance with water health standards were microbiological (21.2%) and residual chlorine (28.8%).CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the water used in most food industries can produce food spoilage and transmission of pathogen microorganisms. Importance is stressed for organizing a constant program of monitoring and control of water usage in food industries.
|
['Colombia', 'Food Industry', 'Food Safety', 'Foodborne Diseases', 'Humans', 'Pilot Projects', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Supply']
| 21,713,344
|
[['Z01.107.757.284'], ['J01.576.423'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500', 'N06.850.601.500'], ['C25.723.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States.
|
BACKGROUND: Mental disorders impose a multi-billion dollar burden on the economy each year; translating the burden into economic terms is important to facilitate formulating policies about the use of resources.METHODS: For direct costs, data were obtained from national household interview and provider surveys; for morbidity costs, a timing model was used that measures the lifetime effect on current income of individuals with mental disorders, taking into account the timing of onset and the duration of these disorders, based on regression analysis of Epidemiologic Catchment Area study data.RESULTS: The total economic costs of mental disorders amounted to US$147.8 billion in 1990. Anxiety disorders are the most costly, amounting to $46.6 billion, or 31.5% of the total; schizophrenic disorders accounted for $32.5 billion, affective disorders for $30.4 billion, and other mental disorders for $38.4 billion.CONCLUSIONS: Mental illnesses, especially anxiety disorders, are costly to society. Although anxiety disorders have a higher prevalence than affective disorders and schizophrenia, use of medical care services is lowest for anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders appear to be under-recognised and untreated even though treatment interventions have been shown to be effective and can be delivered in a cost-efficient manner.
|
['Anxiety Disorders', 'Cost of Illness', 'Direct Service Costs', 'Health Expenditures', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'United States']
| 9,829,010
|
[['F03.080'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['N03.219.151.400.325', 'N05.300.375.250'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The role of oxidative stress in enantiomer-specific, bifenthrin-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
|
With the widespread use of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), the various toxic effects of these compounds have attracted much interest with respect to the investigation of involved mechanisms. However, research on molecular mechanisms of enantioselective toxicity of SPs has been limited. Our previous investigations suggested that enantiomers of cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) behaved enantioselectively in endocrine disruption and mammalian cytotoxicity. While little is known about the molecular mechanism of the enantioselective toxicity of cis-BF, recent experiments implicated oxidative stress in the cytotoxicity of many SPs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether cis-BF enantioselectively induced oxidative stress lead to enantioselective cytotoxicity. In this article, we used the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line as an in vitro model to evaluate the involvement of the oxidative stress pathway in enantioselective cytotoxicity of cis-BF. Following exposure of cells to cis-BF and its enantiomers, a significant reduction in cell survival and superoxide dimutase, as well as increased production of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, was observed in 1S-cis-BF, while 1R-cis-BF exhibited these effects to a lesser degree. These results clearly demonstrated that enantiomer-specific cis-BF-induced oxidative damage is possibly an initiating event and contributes, at least in part, to the mechanism of cis-BF-induced enantioselective cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our study also indicated that enantioselectivity should be considered when evaluating the ecotoxicological effects and the health risks of chiral contaminants.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytotoxins', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Insecticides', 'Oxidative Stress', 'PC12 Cells', 'Pyrethrins', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 19,950,221
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.346'], ['D27.888.569.213'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D02.455.849.575.188.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dry adsorbed emulsion: 2. Dissolution behaviour of an intricate formulation.
|
The behaviour of a pharmaceutical form, called dry adsorbed emulsion (DAE), containing a sparingly soluble drug (i.e. theophylline) was studied for dissolution drug release kinetic, in relation with DAE structure characterisation. In vitro dissolution testings were performed under different experimental conditions (medium at pH 1.2 and 7.4, medium with or without surfactant addition, different particle sizes, discrete or densified particles). Discrete DAE particles showed an extended release, in comparison with the native drug powder, depending on both drug solubility in the medium and particle size. The relevance of dissolution data was not improved by surfactant addition (0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate: SLS). After an initial release due to theophylline of the DAE superficial layer, the dissolution followed the Higuchi model. This suggested that DAE behaved as an inert matrix, which controlled drug release by diffusion through the hydrophobic part of the DAE. Densified DAE particles showed a slower dissolution rate than discrete DAE particles, because of their weak wettability and their poor disintegrant properties due to the particulate rearrangement under pressure. Lastly in a technological point of view, DAE could be considered as a potential drug delivery system in capsules or tablets to better control bioavailability of drugs.
|
['Adsorption', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Emulsions', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Particle Size', 'Powders', 'Solubility', 'Theophylline']
| 11,879,752
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G02.712'], ['D26.255.779'], ['G02.805'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peroxynitrite formation and apoptosis in transgenic sickle cell mouse kidneys.
|
BACKGROUND: In a previous study, nitric oxide synthases (NOS) were found to be strongly expressed in the tubular epithelium of kidneys of a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease (alphaHbetaS[betaMDD]). Because NOS activity is often associated with peroxynitrite formation when superoxide radical (.O-2) is present in abundance, we examined the kidneys of sickle cell mice for nitrotyrosine, considered to be a footprint of ONOO-.METHODS: Western blot and immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine was carried out. Since peroxynitrite and other reactive oxygen radicals are capable of causing apoptosis, we also performed agarose gel electrophoresis of kidney DNA and TUNEL staining of nuclei, indicators of apoptosis.RESULTS: Nitration of tyrosine residues of three proteins (kD 66, 57 and 22) was found on Western blot of kidney protein extracts of the sickle cell mice. The degree of tyrosine nitration of the 66 kD protein was not significantly different in the control versus transgenic mice, whereas tyrosine nitration of the 57 and 22 kD proteins was clearly increased in transgenic mice. Strong immunostaining for nitrotyrosine was seen in tubular epithelial cells of the sickle cell mice, in close proximity to positive immunostaining of iNOS. Neither iNOS nor nitrotyrosine was expressed in the control mice. DNA "laddering" was found localized to the same zones of the kidney as nitrotyrosine and iNOS immunostaining. TUNEL assay on mouse kidney tissue sections showed minimal tubular cell apoptosis in normal mouse with hypoxia, mild tubular cell apoptosis in sickle cell mouse in room air, and moderate tubular cell apoptosis in sickle cell mouse with hypoxia.CONCLUSIONS: The observations suggest that ONOO- and perhaps other reactive oxygen species are being produced in the sickle cell kidney. The mechanism may be ischemia/reperfusion due to intermittent vascular occlusion by sickle cells. The resulting hypoxia could result in iNOS activation, superoxide radical and peroxynitrite formation. Two consequences of these reactions appear to be nitration of tyrosine residues of some renal proteins and enhanced apoptosis.
|
['Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nitrates', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Tyrosine']
| 9,844,128
|
[['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
N-terminal acetylation of melanophore-stimulating hormone in the pars intermedia of Xenopus laevis is a physiologically regulated process.
|
The N-terminal acetylation of melanophore-stimulating hormone (MSH) increases the melanotropic potency of the peptide. This modification may be important in amphibians, where MSH causes skin darkening during adaptation to black background. This study examines the acetylation status of the peptide in the toad Xenopus laevis under different conditions of background adaptation. Acetylated and nonacetylated alpha-MSH were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and quantified by radioimmunoassay. The acetylation status of alpha-MSH was analyzed in tissue, in plasma and in media obtained from in vitro incubation of neurointermediate lobe tissue. Nonacetylated MSH is the major form of alpha-MSH in tissue from both black- and white-background-adapted animals. In plasma of black-adapted animals only acetylated alpha-MSH could be detected. Plasma MSH levels of white-adapted animals were barely detectable. Analysis of peptides secreted during in vitro incubations of neurointermediate lobe tissue from black-adapted animals showed that the relative contribution of alpha-MSH to the immunoreactive profile was considerably enhanced, which supports the concept that acetylation of MSH in Xenopus is associated with the secretory process. Acetylation capacity of tissue from white-adapted animals was much lower and only after several days on black background was full capacity acquired. It is suggested that de novo biosynthesis of acetylation enzymes may be necessary for the acquisition of the acetylation capacity. Transfer of black animals to white background caused a rapid decrease in acetylation capacity, which suggests that factors involved in the rapid inhibition of secretion might also regulate acetylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Acetylation', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dopamine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Xenopus laevis', 'alpha-MSH']
| 2,823,159
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.750', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750', 'D12.644.400.460', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750', 'D12.776.631.650.460'], ['D12.644.541'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.179', 'D06.472.699.327.935.531.750.050', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.179', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.400.935.179', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.460.050', 'D12.644.548.365.935.179', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.179', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.179', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.460.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictive power of sexual hormones and tumor markers in endometrial cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive power of sexual hormones and tumor markers in endometrial cancer.METHODS: A total of 135 healthy women were prospectively compared with 135 women who had histopathologically confirmed endometrial cancer. Both the groups of women were matched by age and body mass index.RESULTS: When compared with healthy controls, women with endometrial cancer had significantly higher serum levels of CA-125, CA 19-9, prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone, whereas significantly lower serum concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein, CA 15-3, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH). Tumor stage correlated positively and significantly with serum levels of prolactin, CA-125 and CA 19-9 as did tumor grade with serum concentrations of LH, estradiol, prolactin and CA-125. Serum CA-125 levels >35 U/ml were found to have a sensitivity of 42.2%, specificity of 87.4%, positive-predictive value of 77.0% and negative-predictive value of 60.2%. Besides endometrial cancer could be diagnosed with 16.3% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% positive- and 54.4% negative-predictive values with serum prolactin levels >30 ng/ml.CONCLUSIONS: Because serum concentrations of CA-125 can be elevated in various malignancies, it is obvious that it is neither specific nor accurately diagnostic for endometrial tumors. What is more, the distinct effects of physiological factors on prolactin secretion shadow the credibility of this hormone in early diagnosis of endometrial tumors. Thus, either prolactin or CA-125 is far from being utilized as the sole entity for screening endometrial cancer. Therefore, both parameters should be regarded as the components of a biochemical screening panel that is to be developed in future.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Endometrioid', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pituitary Hormones', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies']
| 19,777,250
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.240', 'C04.588.945.418.948.585.124', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.331', 'C13.351.937.418.685.331', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200.124', 'C19.391.630.705.331'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.631', 'D12.644.548.691'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of various factors during cryopreservation on the morphology and viability of several poikilothermic cell lines].
|
This paper deals with the effect of several factors, during cryopreservation, on three poikilothermic cell lines using morphology and viability as indicators. It was proved that to avoid toxicity in the suspension medium is of vital importance for the outcome of freezing. In addition, one of the systems studied and of great application in Virology does not bear long hibernations. Finally, the most adequate freezing method for this type of cells is discussed.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cold Temperature', 'Cryopreservation', 'Time Factors']
| 2,089,503
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A comparative genome analysis of gene expression reveals different regulatory mechanisms between mouse and human embryo pre-implantation development.
|
BACKGROUND: Pre-implantation development is a crucial step in successful implantation and pregnancy in mammals. It has been studied in depth, but mostly in laboratory animal models. Less is known about the regulatory mechanism involved in the pre-implantation development in humans and about the comparative aspects.METHODS: Here, we employed the microarray datasets from the public database library of GEO and applied comparative analysis of genome wide temporal gene expression data based on statistical analysis and functional annotation for both mouse and human, demonstrating the discordance between the regulatory mechanisms of both mouse and human pre-implantation development.RESULTS: There were differences between mouse and human pre-implantation development both in the global gene expression pattern and in the expression changes of individual genes at each stage, including different major transient waves of transcription profiles and some stage-specific genes and significantly related pathways. There also appeared to be different functional changes from one stage to another between mouse and human.CONCLUSIONS: The analysis presented here lead to interesting and complementary conclusions that the regulatory mechanism of human pre-implantation development is not completely the same as the mouse. Not as the fact that 1-cell to 2-cell stage is important for mouse pre-implantation development, the 4-cell stage and 8-cell stage are both essential for human. Unlike in mouse, of which most of pathways found were related to energy, RNA and protein metabolism, the identified pathways in human were mostly disease-related and associated with human pre-implantation embryonic development. All of these suggest that a further comparative analysis should be required for applying the result of mouse expression data to human research or therapy, particularly in pre-implantation developments. Our study provides several potential targets of genes and pathways for studying the regulatory mechanism of human pre-implantation development using mouse model.
|
['Animals', 'Cleavage Stage, Ovum', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genome', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Pregnancy', 'Species Specificity']
| 20,459,759
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.166'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Evaluation of quality of life (QOL) and efficacy of drug therapy on nasal symptoms and QOL disturbances in the patients with Japanese Cedar Pollinosis during the season of 2003 in Kyushu and Okinawa districts].
|
AIM: The aim of the study is to investigate nasal symptom severity (NSS) and disturbance of quality of life (QOLD) of patients with Japanese Cedar Pollinosis (JCP) during the JC season of 2003, and to evaluate the efficacy of drug treatment on the NSS/QOLD by the data based on disease specific Japan Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JRQLQ).SUBJECTS, METHODS AND RESULTS: 3173 patients with JCP from 149 clinics of 8 prefectures in Kyushu and Okinawa districts were subjected. Degree of NSS/QOLD was scored as 1 to 4 in order (1 for a little and 4 for extremely severe or bothered respectively). (1) About 23% of 3173 subjects analyzed complained NSS score > or =3 and about 64% score > or =2. About 10% complained QOLD score > or =3 and about 20-30% score > or =2. (2) Preventive effect of pre-seasonal medication was analyzed. We evaluated the data from 583 patients (177 : received pre-seasonal medication and 406 : not received) who first answered questionnaire before peak of pollen dispersion as the effects on rising-up of symptoms in early stage of pollen scattering, and the data from 1223 patients (431 : received pre-seasonal medication and 792 : not received) who answered during the whole season as the effects on symptoms in whole season. The results of the both analyses indicated that the pre-seasonal medication significantly reduced NSS/QOLD in early stage of pollen scattering as well as during whole season as a preventive effect. (3) Effect of drugs prescribed at the first reply to the questionnaire was analyzed in 582 patients who answered the questionnaire twice before and after the peak of JC pollen scattering (February 28th), with at least 7 days intervals between 2 answers. When a proper designate of prescribed drug was not specified, results of second answer from 582 patients showed significant reduction of NSS/ QOLD score (p<0.001). (4) Single drug which effect was able to be evaluated was anti-allergic drug (mainly second generation of anti histamine: aH) in 81 cases, or anti-leukotriene (aLT) in 25 cases. Although the both drugs were effective, the comparison analysis of effectiveness of 2 drugs indicated that effect of aLT on reduction of NSS/QOLD score was higher than that of aH. Effect of combination drug treatment was able to be evaluated in aH + topical steroids (tS) in 95 cases, aLT + tS in 12 cases and aH + aLT in 25 cases. Those 3 ways of combination were effective, especially the combination with topical steroids with either aH or aLT showed significant higher effect on reduction of NSS/QOLD.CONCLUSION: JRQLQ is useful questionnaire for general clinic to evaluate the QOL disturbances induced by JCP and to follow clinical process relating to QOL changes including effect of drug treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Allergic Agents', 'Child', 'Cryptomeria', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Pollen', 'Prevalence', 'Quality of Life', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Seasons']
| 15,719,651
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.016'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.750.233'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Was the famous astronomer Copernicus also a nephrologist.
|
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), world-famous astronomer, born in Toru?, was also a Warmian canon (senior priest) and a physician to 4 consecutive prince-bishops of Warmia and of other Warmian canons. What medical conditions preoccupied Nicolaus Copernicus and whether they included kidney diseases can only be inferred from the extant prescriptions of Copernicus, as no record remains of any treatises by Copernicus regarding medicine. While no prescription penned by him is dated, several are traced to the period of his studies in Padua, Italy. The prescriptions indicate that he was concerned with conditions afflicting virtually all systems and organs of the human body including the kidneys. His personal library included at least 45 books, of which 14 dealt with medical issues. Copernicus used to write his prescriptions in the margins or on the blank pages of the treatises. They were mostly based on Avicenna's original prescriptions. The most common herbal ingredients used by Copernicus as remedies for symptoms of renal colic, hematuria and diuresis were common nettle (Urtica dioica), goosegrass (Galium aparine), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), cubeb (Piper cubeba), common pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), almond seeds and many others. It is hard to ascertain how effective the medical methods utilized by Copernicus may have been.
|
['Astronomy', 'History, 16th Century', 'Nephrology', 'Poland']
| 21,614,777
|
[['H01.671.065'], ['K01.400.475.750'], ['H02.403.429.580'], ['Z01.542.248.679']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Observational cohort study of pediatric inpatients with central venous catheters at "intermediate risk" of thrombosis and eligible for anticoagulant prophylaxis.
|
The risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among hospitalized children is rising.The optimal approach to DVT prophylaxis in children is unclear. This study set out to ascertain the prevalence of DVT among pediatric inpatients who neither have contraindications to nor absolute indications for prophylactic therapy. A prospective surveillance of at-risk children plus a retrospective chart review were conducted. Patients were considered to be at risk after the first 2 days of their admission. Of 1,637 patients reviewed, 198 patients met criteria; among these, 84% did not receive prophylaxis. Of 2,354 observed days at risk for nonprophylaxed patients (including days at risk prior to initiating prophylaxis among prophlyaxed patients), there were 9 DVT events, for a rate 3.82/1,000 days observed. A total of 31 patients received prophylaxis. Three of these patients experienced a DVT. One patient had a bleeding event, hematuria. These results describe patients who may be eligible for prophylaxis and should be screened for further risk factors.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Child', 'Child Welfare', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Contraindications', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Male', 'Pediatric Nursing', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality Improvement', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 20,657,002
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.880.787.293'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E02.208'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['H02.478.676.631', 'N02.421.533.691'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Is there echinococcosis in West Africa? A refugee from Niger with a liver cyst.
|
BACKGROUND: Italy is presently facing an increase in immigration from sub-Saharan Africa through the Mediterranean Sea. Case reports of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) have been reported from most sub-Saharan countries. Therefore, an increase in the number of patients with CE coming from these areas in the Italian and European centers for infectious diseases is expected. Unfortunately, the epidemiology of CE in sub-Saharan countries is poorly known, which makes clinical suspicion and diagnosis of such infection difficult in patients coming from these areas.RESULTS: Here we report a case of hepatic CE in a patient from Niger who arrived in Italy through Libya and visited in a Tropical Medicine referral center in Northern Italy. The parasite was identified molecularly as the G6 "camel" strain of Echinococcus granulosus (E. canadensis). The diagnosis and management of a chronic and clinically complex infection like CE in such situation is difficult. Only 40 cases of CE from Niger have been reported; of these, 75% had extra-hepatic localization. To our knowledge, no strain characterization of human isolates from Niger has been reported so far. The CE cyst of the patient was in CE3a stage, indicating active transmission from the area in which the patient came. However, prevalence data from Niger, and from any other country in West Africa, are almost inexistent.CONCLUSIONS: We argue that population epidemiology surveys with ultrasound are warranted in Sahelian countries, including Niger. These studies could improve the knowledge of CE epidemiology, provide health authorities with important information for public health interventions targeting this zoonosis, and shed light on any difference between tissue tropism and clinical manifestations caused by the different E. granulosus strains.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Echinococcosis, Hepatic', 'Echinococcus granulosus', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Libya', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mediterranean Sea', 'Niger', 'Prevalence', 'Refugees', 'Zoonoses']
| 28,494,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.610.335.190.396.314', 'C01.610.518.314', 'C06.552.664.272'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.215.327.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['Z01.058.266.513'], ['A03.620'], ['Z01.756.592'], ['Z01.058.290.190.560'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['M01.755'], ['C01.973', 'C22.969']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem to Transit-Amplifying Cell Transition in the Continuously Growing Mouse Incisor.
|
In adult tissues and organs with high turnover rates, the generation of transit-amplifying cell (TAC) populations from self-renewing stem cells drives cell replacement. The role of stem cells is to provide a renewable source of cells that give rise to TACs to provide the cell numbers that are necessary for cell differentiation. Regulation of the formation of TACs is thus fundamental to controlling cell replacement. Here, we analyze the properties of a population of mesenchymal TACs in the continuously growing mouse incisor to identify key components of the molecular regulation that drives proliferation. We show that the polycomb repressive complex 1 acts as a global regulator of the TAC phenotype by its direct action on the expression of key cell-cycle regulatory genes and by regulating Wnt/â-catenin-signaling activity. We also identify an essential requirement for TACs in maintaining mesenchymal stem cells, which is indicative of a positive feedback mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genome', 'Histone Code', 'Incisor', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Polycomb Repressive Complex 1', 'Stem Cell Niche', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway']
| 29,874,594
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G02.111.570.060.360', 'G05.360.360'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.781.100', 'D08.811.464.938.750.280', 'D12.776.660.235.600.100', 'D12.776.664.235.800.100', 'D12.776.930.780.890.100'], ['G04.366.249'], ['G02.111.820.925', 'G04.835.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Environmental and Clinical Risk Factors for Delirium in a Neurosurgical Center: A Prospective Study.
|
BACKGROUND: Few reports of delirium-related risk factors have focused on environmental risk factors and clinical risk factors, such as white matter signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging fluid attenuated inversion recovery images.METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 253 patients admitted to our neurosurgical center between December 2014 and June 2015 and analyzed 220 patients (100 male patients; mean age, 64.1 years; age range, 17-92 years). An Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist score ?4 points indicated delirium. We evaluated patient factors consisting of baseline characteristics and related factors, such as white matter lesions (WMLs), as well as the surrounding environment.RESULTS: Delirium occurred in 29/220 cases (13.2%). Regarding baseline characteristics, there were significant statistical correlations between delirium and age (P = 0.0187), Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised score (P = 0.0022) on admission, and WMLs (P < 0.0001). WMLs were related to age (P < 0.0001) and atherosclerotic disease (P = 0.004). Regarding related factors, there were significant statistical correlations between delirium and stay in a neurosurgical care unit (P = 0.0245). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant correlations of delirium with WMLs (P < 0.0001) and surrounding patients with delirium (P = 0.026).CONCLUSIONS: WMLs in patients and the surrounding environment are risk factors for delirium in a neurosurgical center. To prevent delirium, clinicians must recognize risk factors, such as high-grade WMLs, and manage environmental factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Delirium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage', 'Surgicenters', 'Young Adult']
| 28,412,481
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['C10.900.300', 'C26.915.300'], ['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850'], ['N02.278.035.652', 'N02.278.421.556.868'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein correlates with cognitive decline after gastrointestinal surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has indicated that inflammation may act as a potential mechanism underlying post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), as a known late mediator of inflammation, is involved in the development of post-operative complications. Thus, we sought to determine the role of HMGB1 in reflecting POCD following major gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS: Fifty-three elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were recruited, and 50 patients completed the study. Serum HMGB1 and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured pre-operatively and at 6 h, day 1 and day 3 post-operatively. Neuropsychological tests were administered before and 1 week after surgery. POCD was determined using a Z score ? 1.96.RESULTS: Seventeen (34%, 17/50) patients developed POCD at 1 week. The POCD group had higher serum HMGB1 levels at day 1 (12.15 ± 3.12 vs. 9.91 ± 3.15 ng/ml, P = 0.021) and day 3 (11.04 ± 2.88 vs. 8.52 ± 3.31 ng/ml, P = 0.011). IL-6 levels at 6 h (51.18 ± 15.22 vs. 39.20 ± 14.32 pg/ml, P = 0.009) and day 1 (41.59 ± 11.08 vs. 33.81 ± 11.42 pg/ml, P = 0.026) were significantly higher in POCD patients. Serum values of IL-6 at 6 h, HMGB1 at day 1 and levels of education showed positive correlations with Z scores. HMGB1 at day 3 and IL-6 at 6 h were independent risk factors.CONCLUSIONS: Serum HMGB1 and IL-6 levels increase significantly after major gastrointestinal surgery in elderly patients and such elevations are associated with the occurrence of cognitive decline after surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Biomarkers', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cognitive Reserve', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Educational Status', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies']
| 24,754,551
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.197'], ['D23.101'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F02.463.188.331'], ['E04.210'], ['N01.824.196'], ['E04.249'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['D12.776.260.356.300', 'D12.776.660.235.400.600.300', 'D12.776.664.235.400.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Anaphylactic reactions to chlorhexidine during urinary catheterisation].
|
Three men of 65, 41 and 54 years old respectively, developed an anaphylactic reaction during a medical procedure. Two were under general anaesthesia and the third was undergoing urinary catheterisation. After allergy tests chlorhexidine, an ingredient in the gel which was used during the urinary catheterisation procedure, was found to be the causative agent in all three men. Following treatment the clinical course was good. Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic and disinfectant. Despite multiple publications on anaphylactic reactions mostly during surgery under general anaesthesia or urological procedures, chlorhexidine is often initially overlooked as a cause of anaphylaxis. All three men had had previous reactions to chlorhexidine, however, not enough attention was paid to this fact, or it was not thought of.
|
['Aged', 'Anaphylaxis', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Tests', 'Urinary Catheterization']
| 18,062,599
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C20.543.480.099'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of cell surface receptors for the 86-kilodalton glycoprotein of human cytomegalovirus.
|
Cell surface receptors for the 86-kDa glycoprotein (gp86) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were identified by using two monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies that bear the internal image of gp86. These antibodies bound to cells permissive for HCMV infection by both ELISA and immunofluorescence assay and inhibited HCMV plaque formation in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. Immunoblot analysis showed specific binding of both internal image anti-idiotype antibodies as well as gp86 to an HEL cell membrane protein with an approximate molecular mass of 92.5 kDa. In addition, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled membrane and cell surface proteins from human foreskin tissue, human foreskin fibroblasts, or HEL cells showed specific binding of anti-idiotype antibody predominantly to the 92.5-kDa protein.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin Idiotypes', 'Molecular Weight', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Viral Plaque Assay']
| 2,557,618
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.644.541.500.745', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.745', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.745', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.745', 'D23.050.550.750', 'G02.111.570.060.425.580', 'G12.500.450'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.543.750.830'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Randomised controlled clinical trial of standard versus echocardiographically guided ibuprofen treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a pilot study.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of echocardiographically guided (EchoG) pharmacological closure of the ductus arteriosus in reducing the number of required ibuprofen doses without increasing the reopening rate.METHODS: We performed a randomised controlled trial that included 49 infants with a duct ?1.5 mm who were randomised to either EchoG or standard ibuprofen treatment. Echocardiography was serially performed on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 17 after inclusion. The primary outcome was the ductus reopening rate, and an intention-to-treat analysis was performed.RESULTS: Twenty-eight (EchoG treatment) and 21(standard treatment) infants were enrolled (27.2 versus 27.3 weeks, p = 0.3). The patients received 2 (1-5.7) and 3 (3-4) doses of ibuprofen in the EchoG and standard treatment groups, respectively (p = 0.04) and experienced a similar ductus reopening rate (11% versus 5%, p = 0.6).CONCLUSION: Echocardiographically guided ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus is feasible and reduces unnecessary doses of medication.
|
['Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ductus Arteriosus, Patent', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Ibuprofen', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Intention to Treat Analysis', 'Male', 'Pilot Projects', 'Standard of Care']
| 24,047,189
|
[['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C14.240.400.340', 'C14.280.400.340', 'C16.131.240.400.340'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['C16.614.521'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['N04.761.789.900', 'N05.715.840']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Connexin 32 and its derived homotypic gap junctional intercellular communication inhibit the migration and invasion of transfected HeLa cells via enhancement of intercellular adhesion.
|
The effects of connexin (Cx) and its derived homotypic gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between tumor cells on the invasion of metastatic cancers and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of Cx32 and the homotypic GJIC mediated by this Cx on the migration, invasion and intercellular adhesion of transfected HeLa cells. The expression of Cx32 significantly increased cell adhesion and inhibited migration and invasion. The inhibition of GJIC by oleamide, a widely used GJIC inhibitor, reduced the enhanced adhesion and partly reversed the decreased migration and invasion that had been induced by Cx32 expression. Blockage of the p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPKs) pathways using their specific inhibitors attenuated the effects of Cx32, but not those of GJIC, on cell adhesion, migration and invasion. These results indicate that the homotypic GJIC mediated by Cx32, as well as the Cx itself, inhibit cell migration and invasion, most likely through the elevation of intercellular adhesion. The suppressive effect of Cx32 on the migration and invasion of cancer cells, but not that of its derived homotypic GJIC, partly depends on the activation of the p38 and the ERK1/2 MAPKs pathways.
|
['Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Movement', 'Connexins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Extracellular Space', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gap Junctions', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Oleic Acids', 'Transfection', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 21,687,945
|
[['G04.022'], ['G04.085'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D12.776.543.585.250'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fluorescence digital image analysis of glucose-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in mouse pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
|
At intermediate glucose concentrations, [Ca2+]i (intracellular calcium) measured in single islets of Langerhans undergo oscillations that are caused by glucose-induced bursting of electrical activity. Using digital video imaging of fura-2--loaded islets, we have analyzed the spatial distribution of [Ca2+]i in response to the natural secretagogue glucose and the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide. When the glucose level is increased, [Ca2+]i first increases and then starts to oscillate with a synchronous pattern through the islet. The synchrony is maintained even during nonrhythmic oscillatory patterns. In the presence of tolbutamide, [Ca2+]i increases in all the islet regions, suggesting that the calcium signal is derived mainly from the beta-cell population. These results demonstrate that the islets behave as a functional syncytium in response to stimulatory glucose levels, canceling out heterogeneities at the single cell level.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Glucose', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Tolbutamide']
| 8,325,454
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D02.065.950.828.896', 'D02.886.590.795.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Sudden sports deaths in the armed forces of Germany].
|
All Soldiers are obliged to participate in sports educational programs of the services, with the exception of severe restrictions due to individual health problems. During sports activities from 1/1989 to 12/1995 7 soldiers died, 3 (i.e. 43%) during soccer games. Based on a troops strength of 370,000 men, we found a yearly incidence of 0.27 sports deaths/100,000 soldiers. This result correlates with the incidence of sports deaths of club athletes in the greatest European sports death study.
|
['Athletic Injuries', 'Cause of Death', 'Death, Sudden', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Soccer', 'Survival Rate']
| 9,592,920
|
[['C26.115'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C23.550.260.322'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['I03.450.642.845.800'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of gender and body composition method on the apparent decline in lean mass-adjusted resting metabolic rate with age.
|
BACKGROUND: Declining resting energy expenditure (REE) is a hallmark of normal aging, but the cause of this decline remains controversial. Some, but not all, studies have shown that the decline in REE with age is eliminated after adjustment for fat-free mass (FFM).METHODS: We examined the effect of four body composition methods used to assess FFM (underwater weighing [UWW], bioimpedance analysis [BIA], tritium dilution, and total body potassium [TBK]) on the relationship between REE and age in 30 healthy men and 101 healthy women aged 18 to 87 years.RESULTS: The decline in REE with age was significant in women (-80.3 kJ/d/y, p < .004) but not in men (-46.9 kJ/d/y, p = .328). After adjustment for FFM, the decline in REE with age persisted when FFM was measured by BIA, UWW, or tritium dilution, but no decline was seen when TBK was used to adjust for FFM. In both women and men, fat mass was significantly associated with REE after adjusting for age and FFM.CONCLUSION: It is the decline in cell mass with age, detectable by TBK but not by other methods, rather than any metabolic alteration, that explains the decline in FFM-adjusted REE with age.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Body Composition', 'Electric Impedance', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rest', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Thinness']
| 11,129,399
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I03.450.769.647'], ['G08.686.815'], ['C23.888.144.828', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.828', 'G07.100.100.160.120.828']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Are HIV positive patients resistant to statin therapy?
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with HIV are subject to development of HIV metabolic syndrome characterized by dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy and insulin resistance secondary to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Rosuvastatin is a highly potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Rosuvastatin is effective at lowering LDL and poses a low risk for drug-drug interaction as it does not share the same metabolic pathway as HAART drugs. This study sought to determine the efficacy of rosuvastatin on lipid parameters in HIV positive patients with HIV metabolic syndrome.RESULTS: Mean TC decreased from 6.54 to 4.89 mmol/L (25.0% reduction, p < 0.001). Mean LDL-C decreased from 3.39 to 2.24 mmol/L (30.8% reduction, p < 0.001). Mean HDL rose from 1.04 to 1.06 mmol/L (2.0% increase, p = ns). Mean triglycerides decreased from 5.26 to 3.68 mmol/L (30.1% reduction, p < 0.001). Secondary analysis examining the effectiveness of rosuvastatin monotherapy (n = 70) vs. rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate (n = 43) showed an improvement of 21.3% in TG and a decrease of 4.1% in HDL-C in the monotherapy group. The rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate showed a greater drop in triglycerides (45.3%, p < 0.001) and an increase in HDL of 7.6% (p = 0.08).CONCLUSION: This study found that rosuvastatin is effective at improving potentially atherogenic lipid parameters in HIV-positive patients. The lipid changes we observed were of a smaller magnitude compared to non-HIV subjects. Our results are further supported by a small, pilot trial examining rosuvastatin effectiveness in HIV who reported similar median changes from baseline of -21.7% (TC), -22.4% (LDL-C), -30.1% (TG) with the exception of a 28.5% median increase in HDL. In light of the results revealed by this pilot study, clinicians may want to consider a possible resistance to statin therapy when treating patients with HIV metabolic syndrome.
|
['Cholesterol', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Female', 'Fluorobenzenes', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pyrimidines', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rosuvastatin Calcium', 'Sulfonamides']
| 17,958,912
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G06.225.420.500', 'G06.920.225.500', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420.500', 'G07.690.773.984.300.750'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.358', 'D02.455.526.510.432'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.742'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D02.065.884.650', 'D02.455.526.510.432.500', 'D02.886.590.700.650', 'D03.383.742.775'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Poor continuity of care for TB diagnosis and treatment in Zambian Prisons: a situation analysis.
|
OBJECTIVES: Prisons act as infectious disease reservoirs. We aimed to explore the challenges of TB control and continuity of care in prisons in Zambia.METHODS: We evaluated treatment outcomes for a cohort of inmates diagnosed with TB during a TB REACH funded screening programme initiated by the Zambia Prisons Service and the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia.RESULTS: Between October 2010 and September 2011, 6282 inmates from six prisons were screened for TB, of whom 374 (6.0%) were diagnosed. TB treatment was initiated in 345 of 374 (92%) inmates. Of those, 66% were cured or completed treatment, 5% died and 29% were lost to follow-up. Among those lost to follow-up, 11% were released into the community and 13% were transferred to other prisons.CONCLUSIONS: Weak health systems within the Zambian prison service currently undermines continuity of care, despite intensive TB screening and case-finding interventions. To prevent TB transmission and the development of drug resistance, we need sufficient numbers of competent staff for health care, reliable health information systems including electronic record keeping for prison facilities, and standard operating procedures to guide surveillance, case-finding and timely treatment initiation and completion.
|
['Adult', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Prisons', 'Public Health', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculosis', 'Young Adult', 'Zambia']
| 29,230,918
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['Z01.058.290.175.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of parotid: Is preoperative cytological diagnosis possible?
|
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is a recently recognized tumor of salivary gland with characteristic t(12;15)(q13;q25) that results in ETV6-NTRK3 fusion product. Distinguishing mammary analogue secretory carcinoma from other salivary gland tumors is important. Present study highlights cytologic findings in three cases of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of parotid which facilitate preoperative diagnosis with the aid of ancillary diagnostic techniques. Fine needle aspiration cytology of parotid was performed on three cases after clinical examination. Immunocytochemistry for mammoglobin and S100 were performed. Parotidectomy was done in all cases. The corresponding hematoxylin and eosin stained slides and blocks of all cases were studied. Molecular analysis was done in one of the cases. Cases 1 and 3 revealed uniform atypical epithelial cells arranged in branching papillary pattern with few cells in microcystic pattern. Case 2 showed atypical cells arranged mainly in loose clusters and few singly dissociated. Individual cells revealed round nuclei, vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli and abundant finely vacuolated cytoplasm with metachromasia prominent in May-Grunwald-Giemsa smear (case 3). Characteristic hob-nail cells covering papillae were observed in cases 1 and 3. Immunocytochemistry showed strong positivity for mammoglobin and S100 thereby confirming the diagnosis of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma preoperatively. The diagnosis was in concordance with surgical specimen. Also, characteristic ETV6-NTRK3 translocation was confirmed in case 1. Increased awareness and high index of suspicion is necessary for the upfront diagnosis, more so for the papillary variant of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. Immunocytochemistry aids in confirming this preoperative diagnosis, based on which treatment can be planned. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:519-525. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Adolescent', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Parotid Neoplasms', 'S100 Proteins']
| 26,945,684
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.200.588'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.695', 'C07.465.530.824.695', 'C07.465.815.470.770', 'C07.465.815.718.589'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Improved leishmanicidal effect of phosphorotioate antisense oligonucleotides by LDL-mediated delivery.
|
We have designed antisense oligonucleotides that can interact with lipoproteins in order to use them as vectors to facilitate the uptake by those cells expressing the corresponding receptor. Phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides were linked at the 5' end to a palmityl group giving rise to PSPal conjugates. Such a modification enables the oligonucleotide to form a stable non-covalent complex with low density lipoproteins (LDL) through hydrophobic interactions. The antisense effect of LDL-oligonucleotide complexes was assayed by targeting the mini-exon sequence of Leishmania amazonensis in infected mouse peritoneal macrophages. A 16-mer antisense PSPal oligonucleotide/LDL complex exerted a more pronounced sequence-specific effect than the free oligomer: about 25% and 10% of infected macrophages were cured by a 48 h incubation in the presence of 2.5 microM of the complexed and the free oligomer, respectively. When oxidized LDL was used instead of the native one for complexation, a further 2-fold increase in the antisense effect was observed suggesting that alternative (unregulated) scavenger receptor can be used for more efficient delivery of antisense oligonucleotides into macrophages. In addition, a significant reduction of the parasitic load was observed in those cells that were not fully cured.
|
['Animals', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Base Sequence', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drug Carriers', 'Exons', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Leishmania', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Palmitic Acids', 'Thionucleotides']
| 7,495,868
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.268.475.868.488'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['D10.251.694'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Large scale in silico characterization of repeat expansion variation in human genomes.
|
Significant progress has been made in elucidating single nucleotide polymorphism diversity in the human population. However, the majority of the variation space in the genome is structural and remains partially elusive. One form of structural variation is tandem repeats (TRs). Expansion of TRs are responsible for over 40 diseases, but we hypothesize these represent only a fraction of the pathogenic repeat expansions that exist. Here we characterize long or expanded TR variation in 1,115 human genomes as well as a replication cohort of 2,504 genomes, identified using ExpansionHunter Denovo. We found that individual genomes typically harbor several rare, large TRs, generally in non-coding regions of the genome. We noticed that these large TRs are enriched in their proximity to Alu elements. The vast majority of these large TRs seem to be expansions of smaller TRs that are already present in the reference genome. We are providing this TR profile as a resource for comparison to undiagnosed rare disease genomes in order to detect novel disease-causing repeat expansions.
|
['Alu Elements', 'Datasets as Topic', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Tandem Repeat Sequences']
| 32,901,039
|
[['G02.111.570.080.708.330.800.800.050', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800.800.050', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800.800.050'], ['E05.318.308.056', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.500', 'L01.399.250.224', 'L01.470.750.750.431', 'N05.715.360.300.224', 'N06.850.520.308.056'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800', 'G05.360.080.708.800', 'G05.360.340.024.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Challenges in the Operationalization of Mental Health Quality Measures: An Assessment of Alternatives.
|
Interest in measuring the quality of mental health services has increased, but challenges remain in moving from general standards of quality and best practices to specific, implementable quality measures. The International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership identified 656 mental health quality measures and then applied a modified Delphi approach to assess various available alternative quality measures. Panel members considered issues of data source, segmentation, and thresholds. Policy makers and organizations will need to make difficult choices about accountability, purpose, feasibility, and validity in order to operationalize quality measurement. Empirical data can help guide them in this process.
|
['Delphi Technique', 'Humans', 'Mental Health Services', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care']
| 27,301,768
|
[['L01.906.197'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of an inducible system to control and easily monitor gene expression in Lactococcus lactis.
|
This report describes the implementation and use of a maltose-inducible system for regulated gene expression in Lactococcus lactis. The system was established using Green Fluorescent Protein as reporter. The transcription of a gene of interest from the inducible promoter of pLS1RGFP plasmid vector can be easily monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. As an example, the lactococcal ribonuclease III was overproduced in an active form.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'DNA Primers', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Lactococcus lactis', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Maltose', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Plasmids', 'Ribonuclease III']
| 15,109,832
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B03.353.750.737.500.400', 'B03.510.400.800.500.400', 'B03.510.550.737.500.400'], ['D12.776.532'], ['D09.698.365.450', 'D09.698.629.305.523', 'D09.947.750.523'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D08.811.277.352.700.350.707']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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