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Predicting medical and surgical complications of carotid endarterectomy: comparing the risk indexes.
|
BACKGROUND: Several generic cardiac risk assessment tools predict perioperative cardiac complications, but their ability to predict a broader range of medical, neurologic, and surgical complications is unknown.METHODS: A multicenter retrospective observational cohort study of 1998 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Complications within 30 days of surgery were assessed by medical record review, including death or nonfatal stroke and cardiac, noncardiac medical, minor neurologic, and wound complications. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses assessed the predictive abilities of the Goldman, Detsky, Revised Cardiac Risk, and American Society of Anesthesiologists indexes and of 2 CEA-specific risk models (the Halm and Tu scores).RESULTS: Death or stroke occurred in 3.2% of patients, cardiac complications in 4.0%, noncardiac medical complications in 3.2%, minor neurologic complications in 6.9%, and wound complications in 6.0%. All risk models (except the Tu score) significantly predicted cardiac complications equally well (P<.05). All 6 risk models were equivalent in predicting noncardiac medical complications. Only the Revised Cardiac Risk Index and the 2 CEA-specific risk models (Halm and Tu scores) predicted death or stroke and minor neurologic and wound complications. The Halm score was superior in predicting death or stroke compared with the Tu score and the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.72 vs 0.62 and 0.61, respectively; P<.05). Patients with cardiac, noncardiac medical, minor neurologic, or wound complications had 3- to 16-fold increased odds of death or stroke.CONCLUSION: The Halm score CEA-specific risk model and the generic Revised Cardiac Risk Index predicted a broad range of medical, neurologic, and surgical complications following CEA.
|
['Aged', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'New York', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Stroke', 'Survival Rate']
| 16,636,219
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E04.100.814.456.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A CAD-CAM-prototyped temporomandibular condyle connected to a bony plate to support a free fibula flap in patients undergoing mandiblectomy: A pilot study with 5 years of follow up.
|
Reconstruction of the condyle after an ablative procedure with the aim of cancer elimination remains surgically challenging. This pilot study focused on mandibular condylar replacement using CAD-CAM temporomandibular prostheses connected to customized reconstructive plates to support free fibula flaps in oncological patients. Five patients underwent mandibular disarticulation resection, and two of them completed their 5-year follow ups. The condylar anatomy, the position of the condyle within the glenoid fossa, and glenoid anatomy were measured by superimposing pre- and postoperative CT images (obtained after 6 months and 5 years of follow up). When comparing condyle anatomy, the shift was no more than 0.19 mm; when calculating condyle downward displacement the values were inferior to 2.92 mm; when analyzing glenoid fossa thickness, in case #1, glenoid fossa thickness increased by 0.62 and 0.48 mm at the 6-month and 5-year follow ups, respectively, and in case #2 were 0.50 and -0.11 mm, respectively. The hypothesis that the absence of anatomical change would prevent biodynamic alteration of tissues of the articulation chamber (the glenoid fossa, the synovial liquid, and the disc) was confirmed by the preliminary findings of this study.
|
['Bone Plates', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Fibula', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Free Tissue Flaps', 'Humans', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Mandibular Neoplasms', 'Mandibular Prosthesis', 'Mandibular Reconstruction', 'Pilot Projects']
| 27,235,153
|
[['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['L01.224.108.150', 'L01.296.110.150'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.321'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A10.850.710.500', 'E07.862.710.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.583', 'C05.116.231.754.450.583', 'C05.500.499.583', 'C05.500.607.442', 'C07.320.515.583', 'C07.320.610.583'], ['E07.695.510.500'], ['E06.645.562.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration on plasma lactate in critically ill patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) could clean lactate and treat the hyper-lactatemia. On the contrary, some other studies found that filter lactate clearance only accounted for a very small part of total lactate clearance and the hemofilter's contribution to the overall lactate clearance was negligible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various doses of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on plasma lactate elimination in critically ill patients.METHODS: Patients were divided into three groups according to their incipient plasma lactate concentration. Group A: lactate ? 2 mmol/L, group B: lactate 2-5 mmol/L, group C: lactate ? 5 mmol/L. Three different doses (20 ml ? kg(-1)? h(-1), 35 ml ? kg(-1)? h(-1) and 45 ml ? kg(-1)? h(-1)) of CVVH were applied to critically ill patients who experiencing CVVH. The concentrations of plasma lactate in pre-(A), post-dialyzer (V) sites and ultrafiltrate were measured after each dosage of CVVH was carried out for 30 minutes. Rate of lactate clearance by the filter (RLC) and filter lactate clearance (FLC) and Lactate-Sieving Coefficient (LSC) were calculated under different circumstances, including different doses of CVVH and different incipient lactate levels.RESULTS: Fifteen patients were enrolled and 104 blood samples were drawn and lactate concentrations were measured in this study. RLC was found increased ((9.36 ± 9.73) mmol/h, (13.92 ± 12.56) mmol/h and (16.52 ± 12.71) mmol/h, P < 0.05 respectively) with the dose of CVVH increased. RLC was also increased ((3.46 ± 1.46), (10.38 ± 5.50) and (24.53 ± 14.69) mmol/h, P < 0.05 respectively) with the incipient lactate increased. FLC was increased ((1.95 ± 0.63), (2.95 ± 0.74) and (3.45 ± 0.54) L/h, P < 0.05 respectively) with the dose of CVVH increased. There was no significant difference of LSC in different doses of CVVH and different incipient lactate levels.CONCLUSIONS: Plasma lactate can be eliminated by CVVH and different doses of CVVH affect the rate of lactate clearance in critically ill patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Critical Illness', 'Female', 'Hemofiltration', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 24,824,239
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['E02.870.225', 'E04.292.471'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Splenic outer periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS): an immunoproliferative microenvironment constituted by antigen-laden marginal metallophils and ED2-positive macrophages in the rat.
|
In an attempt to reveal the role of antigen-laden marginal metallophil (MM) and other macrophages in the intrasplenic immune response of a specific B-cell lineage to a thymus-independent type-2 antigen (Ficoll conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate), simultaneous immunohistological observations of the involved cells were performed in the rat. By newly established methods of double or triple immunostainings, time-kinetics of the following parameters were studied and compared: (1) the antigen, (2) the specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) directed to the fluorescein-isothiocyanate determinant, (3) proliferating cells labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and (4) macrophage subpopulations recognized by monoclonal antibodies (ED2 and ED3). The antigen localized stably not only in the marginal-zone macrophages but also in the MM except around the follicular area. The increase of BrdU-positive cells was observed from day 2 up to day 4 after antigen injection mostly in the periphery of the periarterial lymphoid sheath (outer PALS), which indicated antigen-induced proliferation. As a novel finding, the majority of AFC, both BrdU-positive and -negative, were either closely associated with the antigen-laden MM, or forming cell clusters with ED2-positive macrophages in the outer PALS. In contrast, there were very few AFC in juxtaposition to antigen-free MM in the follicular area or the antigen-laden marginal zone macrophages. The results led to the proposal of a hypothesis that the antigen-laden MM together with ED2-positive macrophages constitute an immunoproliferative microenvironment for the plasmacellular reaction by accumulating the antigen-specific B-cell lineage and promoting these cells to differentiate into the AFC and to proliferate in the outer PALS.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Arteries', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Spleen']
| 2,790,931
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Salivary gland tumours: 25 years of experience from a single institution in Croatia.
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the types, frequency, distribution, and demographic characteristics of salivary gland tumours in a large representative sample.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of 779 patients with tumours of the salivary glands surgically treated from 1985 to 2009 at a single institution.RESULTS: There were 500 benign and 279 malignant tumours. The average age of patients with benign tumours was 50 years and of malignant salivary gland tumours 56 years. No differences in age and incidence of tumours existed between males and females. The majority of the tumours occurred in the parotid gland (509), followed by the minor salivary glands (212), the submandibular gland (51) and lastly, the sublingual gland (7). Minor salivary gland tumours occurred most frequently on the palate, the pleomorphic adenoma being the most frequent benign tumour type and the adenoid cystic carcinoma being the commonest malignant tumour. Tumours of the sublingual gland were rare, but all were malignant. Malignant tumours were more common in the minor salivary glands and the submandibular gland.CONCLUSION: This large study of salivary gland tumours in Croatia could improve our understanding of the significant differences in the global distribution of salivary gland tumours which have been reported.
|
['Adenolymphoma', 'Adenoma, Pleomorphic', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic', 'Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Croatia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palatal Neoplasms', 'Parotid Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Salivary Gland Neoplasms', 'Salivary Glands, Minor', 'Sex Factors', 'Sublingual Gland Neoplasms', 'Submandibular Gland Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 21,641,811
|
[['C04.557.435.075'], ['C04.557.435.090', 'C04.557.470.035.155'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.220'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.340', 'C04.557.470.590.340'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.542.248.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.692', 'C04.588.443.591.692', 'C05.116.231.754.450.692', 'C05.500.499.692', 'C07.320.515.692', 'C07.465.530.692'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.695', 'C07.465.530.824.695', 'C07.465.815.470.770', 'C07.465.815.718.589'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.443.591.824', 'C07.465.530.824', 'C07.465.815.718'], ['A03.556.500.760.650', 'A10.336.779.650', 'A14.549.760.650'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.882', 'C07.465.530.824.882', 'C07.465.815.718.870'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.885', 'C07.465.530.824.885', 'C07.465.815.718.885', 'C07.465.815.882.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Acute coronary artery dissection after aortic valve replacement].
|
Late aortic dissection can occur after aortic valve replacement surgery, but rarely in the first postoperative month. Coronary artery dissection is rare and usually occurs after coronary angiography. We report a rare case of coronary artery dissection followed by myocardial infarction in the immediate postoperative period of a successful aortic valve replacement with a good postoperative evolution.
|
['Aged', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aortic Valve', 'Coronary Aneurysm', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Postoperative Period', 'Radiography']
| 20,428,604
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.647.250.250', 'C14.907.055.395', 'C14.907.585.250.250'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
East African megadroughts between 135 and 75 thousand years ago and bearing on early-modern human origins.
|
The environmental backdrop to the evolution and spread of early Homo sapiens in East Africa is known mainly from isolated outcrops and distant marine sediment cores. Here we present results from new scientific drill cores from Lake Malawi, the first long and continuous, high-fidelity records of tropical climate change from the continent itself. Our record shows periods of severe aridity between 135 and 75 thousand years (kyr) ago, when the lake's water volume was reduced by at least 95%. Surprisingly, these intervals of pronounced tropical African aridity in the early late-Pleistocene were much more severe than the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the period previously recognized as one of the most arid of the Quaternary. From these cores and from records from Lakes Tanganyika (East Africa) and Bosumtwi (West Africa), we document a major rise in water levels and a shift to more humid conditions over much of tropical Africa after approximately 70 kyr ago. This transition to wetter, more stable conditions coincides with diminished orbital eccentricity, and a reduction in precession-dominated climatic extremes. The observed climate mode switch to decreased environmental variability is consistent with terrestrial and marine records from in and around tropical Africa, but our records provide evidence for dramatically wetter conditions after 70 kyr ago. Such climate change may have stimulated the expansion and migrations of early modern human populations.
|
['Africa, Eastern', 'Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Disasters', 'Hominidae', 'Humans', 'Paleontology', 'Population', 'Tropical Climate']
| 17,785,420
|
[['Z01.058.290.120'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['N06.230.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.277.875', 'I01.076.368.584'], ['N01.600'], ['G16.500.275.071.600', 'N06.230.300.100.250.600']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Occurrence and relative abundance of mosquitoes in stormwater retention facilities in North Carolina, U.S.A.
|
Throughout the 2004 mosquito season, 52 stormwater retention facilities were sampled to characterize the seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of mosquito species in relation to the structural complexity and biological diversity of the facilities. The three different types of facilities included standard wet ponds (n=20), innovative ponds (n=14), and wetland ponds (n=18). All retention structures were sampled at the beginning, middle and end of the mosquito season so that seasonal changes in mosquito production could be characterized. Overall samplings, mosquitoes were collected from 34% of the retention structures. Fourteen species representing 7 genera were collected, but only 5 species were commonly collected in all three types of stormwater management facilities. In general, the seasonal prevalence and relative abundance of mosquito species did not vary among three types of retention structures. A significant association (P < 0.01) between the presence of mosquito larvae or pupae and the absence of mosquitofish was found for innovative and wetland stormwater retention facilities but not for standard retention facilities (P > 0.05).
|
['Animals', 'Culicidae', 'North Carolina', 'Rain', 'Species Specificity', 'United States', 'Wetlands']
| 17,120,664
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['G16.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of risk-based payment model on caries inequalities in preschool children assessed by geo-mapping.
|
BACKGROUND: To describe, with aid of geo-mapping, the effects of a risk-based capitation model linked to caries-preventive guidelines on the polarization of caries in preschool children living in the Halland region of Sweden.METHODS: The new capitation model was implemented in 2013 in which more money was allocated to Public Dental Clinics surrounded by administrative parishes inhabited by children with increased caries risk, while a reduced capitation was allocated to those clinics with a low burden of high risk children. Regional geo-maps of caries risk based on caries prevalence, level of education and the families purchasing power were produced for 3-6-year-old children in 2010 (n = 10,583) and 2016 (n = 7574). Newly migrated children to the region (n = 344 in 2010 and n = 522 in 2016) were analyzed separately. A regional caries polarization index was calculated as the ratio between the maximum and minimum estimates of caries frequency on parish-level, based on a Bayesian hierarchical mapping model.RESULTS: Overall, the total caries prevalence (dmfs > 0) remained unchanged from 2010 (10.6%) to 2016 (10.5%). However, the polarization index decreased from 7.0 in 2010 to 5.6 in 2016. Newly arrived children born outside Sweden had around four times higher caries prevalence than their Swedish-born peers.CONCLUSIONS: A risk-based capitation model could reduce the socio-economic inequalities in dental caries among preschool children living in Sweden. Although updated evidence-based caries-preventive guidelines were released, the total prevalence of caries on dentin surface level was unaffected 4 years after the implementation.
|
['Capitation Fee', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dental Caries', 'Female', 'Geography, Medical', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Economic', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden']
| 29,304,785
|
[['N03.219.442.090'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['H01.277.500.097', 'H02.403.352'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neurohypophyseal hormone-sensitive adenyl cyclase of toad urinary bladder.
|
An adenyl cyclase preparation derived from epithelial cells of the urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus, is described. This cyclase preparation is specifically stimulated by neurohypophyseal hormones and various synthetic analogs which evoke a hydroosmotic response in the intact bladder. The relative stimulatory effects of these compounds have been compared on the cyclase preparation and in the intact bladder. The peptide concentrations required for half-maximal stimulation (affinity) in the cell-free and intact systems were parallel; however the magnitude of stimulation produced by saturating concentrations of peptides did not correlate. Furthermore, it was found that peptide analogs which inhibit the hydroosmotic effect of [8-arginine]-vasopressin on the intact bladder also inhibit the stimulation of the toad bladder cyclase preparation by vasopressin. Prostaglandin E(1), mercaptans, and disulfides, which inhibit the hormone-induced hydroosmotic response of the intact bladder, did not antagonize the stimulation of the toad bladder cyclase preparation by vasopressin.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Anura', 'Enzymes', 'Epithelium', 'Oxytocin', 'Prostaglandins', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Vasopressins']
| 5,272,332
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['D08.811'], ['A10.272'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['A05.810.890'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The histopathology of uterine leiomyomas following treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues.
|
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH agonists) cause pituitary desensitization by downregulation of GnRH receptors, decrease gonadal steroid production, and reduce uterine volume in women with leiomyomas. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphologic changes in uterine leiomyomas associated with GnRH agonist treatment. The study group consisted of 33 patients (mean age, 36.9 years) who presented with infertility, dysmenorrhea, and/or menorrhagia, and who were treated with a GnRH agonist prior to surgery. A control group consisted of 44 premenopausal patients (mean age, 41.5 years) with similar symptomatology who underwent resection of leiomyomas only. In neither group was there any history of recent pregnancy, uterine surgery, or hormone replacement therapy. Microscopic review of all cases was performed without knowledge of the therapeutic history. No differences with respect to mitotic activity, fibrosis, edema, or vascular changes were detected. There is a suggestion that leiomyomas subjected to preoperative GnRH agonist treatment showed increased cellularity (P = .04); necrosis (P < .001) was associated with preoperative GnRH agonist treatment. The reduction of leiomyoma size during GnRH agonist therapy may be due to both ischemic injury and cellular atrophy. Although necrosis of leiomyomas is associated with GnRH agonist treatment, the lack of significant pleomorphism or mitotic activity distinguishes these altered leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas.
|
['Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Leiomyoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Necrosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 8,406,417
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery program on patient-reported outcomes and function recovery in patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on perioperative outcomes, with an emphasis on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and functional recovery.We compared the clinical outcomes in a cohort of 275 patients undergoing liver resection before and after the implementation of ERAS. The PROs were preoperatively and postoperatively compared until 14 days after surgery using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory.The patients in the ERAS group experienced fewer symptoms and a shorter functional recovery time than the patients in the non-ERAS group. The group ? time interactions were different between the groups for pain (F = 4.70, P = .001) and walking (F = 2.75, P = .03). On the 3rd, 4, and 5th days after surgery, the ERAS group experienced less pain and more walking than the non-ERAS group. The ERAS group experienced less fatigue (0.407 [95% confidence interval, CI: -0.795, -0.020], P = .035), less sleep interference (0.615 [95% CI: -1.215, -0.014], P = .045), a lower rate of reduced appetite (0.281 [95% CI: -0.442, -0.120], P = .001), and less abdominal distension (0.262 [95% CI: -0.504, -0.020], P = .034) than the non-ERAS group. Those in the ERAS group had a significantly shorter median time from surgery to mild fatigue (5.41 vs 6.87 days, P = .003), mild pain (4.45 vs 6.09 days, P = .001), mild interference when walking (3.85 vs 5.54 days, P < .001), and mild interference when sleeping (5.49 vs 7.43 days, P < .001). ERAS patients were more likely than non-ERAS patients to achieve a functional recovery (5.70 vs 6.79 days, P < .001) status in a shorter time period. The ERAS pathway, operation time, and the minimally invasive approach were independent predictors of functional recovery time.In hepatocellular carcinoma liver resection patients, the primary mechanism of ERAS is to reduce the postoperative interference burden and promote rapid functional recovery.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cohort Studies', 'Enhanced Recovery After Surgery', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Reported Outcome Measures', 'Recovery of Function', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 32,443,312
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E04.604.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.344.500', 'N03.349.380.210.750', 'N04.761.559.590.399.875', 'N05.425.210.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344.500', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399.875', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344.500'], ['G16.757'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
One Special Glomerulus in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles Integrates a Broad Range of Amino Acids and Mechanical Stimuli.
|
The olfactory system senses odors, but not exclusively, as shown over the past years. It also registers other modalities such as temperature and pressure. However, it remains unknown how widespread these sensitivities are across species and how strongly their processing is interconnected with the processing of odors. Here, we present data on the â-glomerulus in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We show that this glomerulus possesses an unusually broad response pattern to a large number of amino acids. The â-glomerulus uses the classical cAMP-mediated pathway, as suggested by its sensitivity to forskolin. This finding was unexpected because amino acid-sensitive olfactory sensory neurons of Xenopus commonly function in a cAMP-independent manner. Furthermore, we show that the â-glomerulus also reacts to pressure pulses delivered to the olfactory mucosa. These mechanical stimuli induce responses with profiles having typical dose-response and adaptation curves. Finally, whereas the mechanosensitivity in the glomerular layer was observed repeatedly in the â-glomerulus only, mechanosensitive modulation of mitral cells and their postsynaptic neuropils was found on a larger scale. Some mitral cells closely followed the response time course of the â-glomerulus, whereas many others were strongly inhibited by short pressure pulses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the existence of one glomerulus sensitive to both a large number of amino acids and pressure pulses and show that the processing of pressure pulses is intertwined with odor processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We present a glomerulus in the olfactory bulb (OB) activated by very different stimuli, namely mechanical stimuli to the olfactory mucosa and a large number of amino acids. This unusual sensitivity is conveyed to the second-order neurons in the OB. Pressure sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons has been shown recently in mice. Along with temperature sensitivity found in the olfactory system of mice and Xenopus laevis tadpoles, a discussion arose about the influence of these modalities on odor coding. Our results suggest that mechanosensitivity may be a general feature in olfactory systems. The pressure and broad amino acid sensitivity is not only focused to one glomerulus, but is also integrated in the odor processing of the OB's network.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Odorants', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Olfactory Perception', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Pressure', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 27,798,179
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G01.154.090.500', 'G02.111.820.580', 'G04.835.580'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['F02.463.593.485'], ['E05.723'], ['G01.374.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Plasma, serum and whole-blood viscosity variations with age, sex, and smoking habits.
|
To study the influence of age, sex, and smoking habits on rheology, the authors measured plasma (PV), serum (SV), native (NBV), and corrected (CBV) blood viscosity with a computerized rotational viscometer in 152 blood donors (86 men and 66 women) and in 20 healthy persons (4 men and 16 women) attending smoke aversion treatment. None of the viscosity measures or erythrocyte sedimentation rate changed significantly with age, whereas hematocrit (HC) and fibrinogen concentration (FC) both increased with ageing (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher (p < 0.001) values of NBV and HC were found in men than in women, whereas higher values were found in women than in men for FC (p < 0.01) and ESR (p < 0.001). In blood donors, moderate smoking (mean twelve cigarettes/day) significantly influenced only ESR, which was higher (p < 0.001) in smokers than in nonsmokers. In heavy smokers (mean twenty-one cigarettes/day), however, higher (p < 0.001) PV, SV, and NBV were found, as well as higher (p < 0.01) FC and HC as compared with nonsmoking blood donors.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Blood Sedimentation', 'Blood Viscosity', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Hematocrit', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking']
| 8,480,916
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.625.125', 'E05.200.625.125'], ['G09.188.370.124', 'G09.330.380.630.110'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prenatal and early childhood bisphenol A concentrations and behavior in school-aged children.
|
INTRODUCTION: Early life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical used in some food and beverage containers, receipts, and dental sealants, has been associated with anxiety and hyperactivity in animal studies. A few human studies also show prenatal and childhood BPA exposure to be associated with behavior problems in children.METHODS: We measured BPA in urine from mothers during pregnancy and children at 5 years of age (N=292). Child behavior was assessed by mother and teacher report at age 7 years and direct assessment at age 9 years.RESULTS: Prenatal urinary BPA concentrations were associated with increased internalizing problems in boys, including anxiety and depression, at age 7. No associations were seen with prenatal BPA concentrations and behaviors in girls. Childhood urinary BPA concentrations were associated with increased externalizing behaviors, including conduct problems, in girls at age 7 and increased internalizing behaviors and inattention and hyperactivity behaviors in boys and girls at age 7.CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the existing literature showing associations of early life BPA exposure with behavior problems, including anxiety, depression, and hyperactivity in children. Additional information about timing of exposure and sex differences in effect is still needed.
|
['Aggression', 'Anxiety', 'Attention', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Depression', 'Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Phenols', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects']
| 23,870,093
|
[['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C10.228.662.262.500', 'C10.597.350.275', 'C10.720.312', 'C23.888.592.350.275', 'C25.100.750', 'C25.723.705.200'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of Specific Core Re-Warm-Ups on Core Function, Leg Perfusion and Second-Half Team Sport-Specific Sprint Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study.
|
This study examined the effects of a specific core exercise program, as a re-warm-up regime during the half-time period, on inspiratory (IM) and core (CM) muscle functions, leg perfusion and the team sport-specific sprint performance in the initial stage of the second half of a simulated exercise task. Nine team-sports players performed a simulated team-sport intermittent exercise protocol (IEP) in two phases, on a non-motorized treadmill, interspersed by a 15-min half-time break. During the half-time period subsequent to the 25-min Phase-1 IEP, the players either rested passively or performed 4-min CM exercise concomitant with inspiratory loaded breathing following 11-min passive recovery. The changes in IM and CM functions, leg perfusion and repeated-sprint ability mediated by the two recovery modes were compared. Following Phase-1 IEP, there was a significant decline in IM and CM functions respectively, revealed by the decreases in maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax: -8.1%) and performance of a sport-specific endurance plank test (SEPT: -29.7%, p < 0.05). With the 15-min passive recovery, the decline in IM and CM functions from pre-exercise levels were not restored satisfactorily (PImax: -6.4%, SEPT: -19.0%, p < 0.05). Moreover, repeated-sprint ability during the Phase-2 IEP tended to decrease (peak velocity: -2.3%, mean velocity: -2.1%) from the levels recorded in Phase-1. In contrast, following the re-warm-up exercises during half-time, the restoration of IM and CM function was accelerated (PImax: -0.9%, SEPT: -3.3%, p <0 .05). This was associated with enhanced repeated-sprint ability (peak velocity: +3.0%, mean velocity: +2.0%, p < 0.05) in Phase-2 IEP. Nevertheless, the changes in the anterior thigh muscle perfusion assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy following the re-warm-up exercises was not different from that of passive recovery (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that a brief inspiratory-loaded CM exercise regime appears to be an effective re-warm-up strategy that optimizes second-half repeated-sprint performance and core function of players in team sports.
|
['Athletic Performance', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Inhalation', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Respiratory Muscles', 'Running', 'Warm-Up Exercise', 'Young Adult']
| 31,427,870
|
[['I03.450.642.845.054'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.772.705.700.390'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A02.633.567.900'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.968', 'I03.350.968'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Basilar artery occlusion therapy for giant aneurysm: hemodynamic analysis by hydraulic vascular model].
|
Therapeutic occlusion of the basilar artery has been one of the alternative treatments for surgically or intravascularly inaccessible basilar bifurcation giant aneurysms. However, several problems have been reported, such as incomplete thrombosis of the aneurysms, their growth or rupture, and cerebral embolism originating from their cavities. Since hemodynamic changes after occlusion therapy are suspected to be responsible for these phenomena, they were investigated by a hydraulic vascular model. A hydraulic vascular model of the vertebrobasilar artery was constructed with silicone and glass tubes. A glass-made sphere of 2.5 cm in diameter was attached to the model and was regarded as a basilar head aneurysm. A 40% glycerol solution at 25 degrees C was found to be of similar viscosity and specific gravity to those of human whole blood at 37 degrees C and was perfused in the model. A device to measure intra-aneurysmal clearance was made from a stable luminous source and a Cds photocell. Good correlation was found between the output and an intra-aneurysmal dye concentration. The dye was injected into the aneurysm and its half-life was calculated from clearance curves. It was then regarded as an index of stagnation in an aneurysmal cavity. The flow volumes were estimated as: 60ml/min to the territory of one posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and 80ml/min to the cerebellum and the brain stem. Half-life was recorded in the following conditions: 120ml/min of flow in the basilar artery (BA) into bilateral PCAs stimulating the condition before BA occlusion, and various flow values (60ml/min to 10ml/min) of P1 segment simulating the conditions after BA occlusion distal to the superior cerebellar artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Basilar Artery', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 1,448,190
|
[['A07.015.114.106'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative efficacy of fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, ureidopenicillins & newer cephalosporins against Pseudomonas species.
|
A total of 74 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 strains of Ps. putrefaciens were tested for sensitivity to 14 different antimicrobial agents. Ps. aeruginosa were mostly sensitive to netilmicin (81%), piperacillin (78%), amikacin (73%), azlocillin (70%), ceftazidime (69%) and pefloxacin (65%). Only 66 per cent strains of Ps. putrefaciens were sensitive to netilmicin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. The MIC values of the different drugs for the sensitive strains were comparable with the results of susceptibility testing. The Ps. putrefaciens strains showed greater resistance than Ps. aeruginosa.
|
['4-Quinolones', 'Aminoglycosides', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Cephalosporins', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Penicillins', 'Pseudomonas']
| 1,506,063
|
[['D03.633.100.810.835.830'], ['D09.408.051'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predicting communicative competence at 2 and 3 years from pragmatic skills at 10 months.
|
It is proposed that children play an important part in determining the kinds of linguistic experience they receive, influencing their language environment by means of early pragmatic communication. These early behaviours may also be predictive of later communicative competence. As a preliminary investigation into the wider implications of children's potential influence over their linguistic environment, a study was undertaken which looked at infant pragmatic signalling systems and joint engagement skills, to establish whether these early interactive behaviours might be related to children's subsequent communicative development. During the course of the study, the frequency and distribution of early pragmatic behaviours in a random sample of 145 10-month-old infants were investigated, and their subsequent language development followed up at ages 24 and 36 months. The study examined (a) the predictive validity of specific pragmatic behaviours at age 10 months for language development at age 24 months and (b) the specificity and stability of profiles of communicative disability at 2 and 3 years. A subset of behaviours was identified which would have correctly predicted 82.4% of children found to have communicative difficulties at 24 months and 85.4% of those who did not. Predictive language profiles drawn up at age 24 months were substantially confirmed when the children were reassessed at age 36 months. It is proposed that specific early communicative behaviours may be predictive of a child's subsequent linguistic development. Additionally, 2-year-old children will be exhibiting certain patterns of language acquisition which may be significant for subsequent linguistic development. Implications for intervention are discussed.
|
['Child Behavior', 'Child Language', 'Child, Preschool', 'Communication', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Language Development', 'Language Development Disorders', 'Language Tests', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests']
| 9,709,433
|
[['F01.145.179'], ['F01.525.200.310.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.525.200.310'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.550'], ['F04.711.513.240'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Studies on drug metabolism in obese men and mice (author's transl)].
|
In 7 obese patients with an overweight of 53 +/- 19% of Broca we found a 2-fold enlarged apparent volume of distribution and a nearly 2-fold prolonged elimination halflife of hexobarbital; the hexobarbital plasma clearance however, which is nearly identical with the metabolizing capacity of the liver for hexobarbital, was not decreased. Phenobarbital induced the microsomal drugmetabolizing enzyme system in the fatty liver of genetically obese mice in the same way 2-3-fold as in the non-fatty liver of the lean littermates.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Hexobarbital', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Obese', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Phenobarbital']
| 433,368
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of celiac ganglionectomy on tachykinin innervation, receptor distribution and intestinal responses in the rat.
|
Substance P (SP) is an important neurotransmitter in the control of intestinal motility and is found in both the enteric and sympathetic nervous systems. This study examined the effect of celiac ganglionectomy on (1) mechanical properties of the circular muscles of the duodenum, ileum and proximal colon, (2) circular muscle responses to SP and neurokinin A. (3) distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive nerves, and (4) the distribution of neurokinin 1 and neurokinin 2 receptors. Celiac ganglionectomy resulted in an effective sympathectomy as evidenced by a marked decrease in norepinephrine content and tyrosine hydroxylase staining in the duodenum, ileum and proximal colon. The in vitro length/tension characteristics of the circular muscle of the duodenum, ileum and colon were unchanged after ganglionectomy. In all regions of the gut studied, substance P and neurokinin A caused dose-dependent contractions that were unaltered by celiac ganglionectomy. Immunohistochemistry revealed moderate substance P-like immunoreactive fibers in the myenteric plexus, submucosal plexus and circular muscle of the ileum, while in the colon, substance P-like immunoreactivity was intense in the myenteric plexus, and moderate in the circular muscle. In vitro autoradiography showed minimal binding of SP (NK1 receptor) or neurokinin A (NK2 receptor) in the ileum and significantly greater binding in the circular muscle layer of the colon. Celiac ganglionectomy did not affect substance P-like immunoreactivity, or NK1 or NK2 receptor binding. A greater contractile response to neurokinins was seen in the colon than in the duodenum or ileum, which paralleled the receptor density. The studies demonstrate that surgical celiac ganglionectomy, unlike chemical sympathectomy, does not affect the substance P innervation, receptor density or physiological responses of the intestine. The greater contractile response of the colon than the ileum parallels the greater receptor density rather than the peptide content as determined by immunhistochemistry.
|
['Animals', 'Ganglia, Sympathetic', 'Ganglionectomy', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Neurokinin A', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Tachykinin', 'Substance P', 'Tachykinins']
| 8,988,488
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.340.315.350', 'A08.800.050.300.300', 'A08.800.050.800.300'], ['E04.525.210.105.800.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.500', 'D12.644.400.800.500', 'D12.644.456.800.500', 'D12.776.467.812.900.500', 'D12.776.631.650.800.500', 'D23.469.050.375.850.550', 'D23.529.812.900.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D12.644.276.812.900', 'D12.644.400.800', 'D12.644.456.800', 'D12.776.467.812.900', 'D12.776.631.650.800', 'D23.469.050.375.850', 'D23.529.812.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How Food Rules at Home Influence Independent Adolescent Food Choices.
|
PURPOSE: The prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviors among adolescents is high. We examined the effect of having health-oriented food rules at home on the healthiness of adolescents' independent food choices, and the necessity of parental oversight for such rules to be effective.METHODS: We surveyed a socioeconomically and racially diverse San Francisco Bay Area public high school in May 2017 (N = 1,246). We used ordinal logistic regressions to assess the relationships between adolescent-reported presence of health-oriented food rules at home and the healthiness of snacks selected by adolescents in a raffle, which included a randomized controlled experiment to manipulate the level of parental approval students needed to pick up their snacks.RESULTS: Adolescents reporting at least one health-oriented food rule at home were significantly more likely to choose healthier snacks in the raffle (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-2.45). Telling adolescents that a parent needed to approve the snacks did not have a significant effect on snack choice healthiness relative to a no-approval baseline condition (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI .55-1.86). Post hoc analyses suggest that rules may affect adolescent food-related attitudes and perceptions of parental reactions; for example, adolescents with rules reported that their parents would be more disappointed (adjusted mean difference on five-point scale, .5; 95% CI .36-.64) if they made an unhealthy food choice.CONCLUSIONS: Having health-oriented food rules at home is associated with healthier snack choices. Findings suggest that adolescents with rules also hold beliefs that may correspond to healthier independent dietary choices.
|
['Adolescent', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet, Healthy', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Food Preferences', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parents', 'San Francisco', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,779,673
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.829.458.205.500', 'G07.203.650.240.629'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.700', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.700', 'Z01.433.875'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Different influences of DNA purity indices and quantity on PCR-based DGGE and functional gene microarray in soil microbial community study.
|
Based on the comparative study of the DNA extracts from two soil samples obtained by three commercial DNA extraction kits, we evaluated the influence of the DNA quantity and purity indices (the absorbance ratios A260/280 and A260/230, as well as the absorbance value A320 indicating the amount of humic substances) on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and a functional gene microarray used in the study of microbial communities. Numbers and intensities of the DGGE bands are more affected by the A260/280 and A320 values than by the ratio A260/230 and conditionally affected by the DNA yield. Moreover, we demonstrated that the DGGE band pattern was also affected by the preferential extraction due to chemical agents applied in the extraction. Unlike DGGE, microarray is more affected by the A260/230 and A320 values. Until now, the successful PCR performance is the mostly used criterion for soil DNA purity. However, since PCR was more influenced by the A260/280 ratio than by A260/230, it is not accurate enough any more for microbial community assessed by non-PCR-based methods such as microarray. This study provides some useful hints on how to choose effective DNA extraction method for the subsequent assessment of microbial community.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Biodiversity', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Humic Substances', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 19,247,649
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['D02.241.444', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.377', 'D20.721.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitative analysis of somatostatin receptor subtype (SSTR1-5) gene expression levels in somatotropinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
|
OBJECTIVE: It is believed that the variable effectiveness of somatostatin analogs in post-surgical management of somatotropinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) may be due in part to variable expression of somatostatin receptor isoforms (SSTR1-5), within and between pituitary tumor types.DESIGN AND METHODS: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to compare absolute mRNA copy numbers for all five SSTR isoforms in 23 somatotropinomas and 19 NFPA.RESULTS: Somatostatin receptor subtype 5 mRNA was present at the highest level in somatotropinomas, followed by SSTR2>SSTR3>>SSTR1>>>SSTR4. In contrast, SSTR3 mRNA was present at the highest level in NFPA, followed by SSTR2, while SSTR1, SSTR4, and SSTR5 transcripts were only detectable in select tumors. Among somatotropinomas, a positive correlation was found between SSTR2 mRNA levels and the percent decrease of GH (%GH) after 3 and 6 months of therapy with octreotide long acting repeatable (LAR) (r=0.51 and r=0.66; P=0.05 and P=0.008). Also the percent decrease of IGF-I (%IGF-I) after 3 months of octreotide LAR was negatively correlated with SSTR5 and %IGF-I after 6 months of octreotide LAR was positively correlated with SSTR2.CONCLUSIONS: The present report is a large series examining SSTR mRNA levels in somatotropinomas and NFPA. These initial findings suggest that detailed knowledge of the SSTR mRNA expression profile in somatotropinomas can help to predict the hormonal response to therapy with LAR. Also, it appears that SSTR3 in NFPA may be a potential target for SSTR3 preferential or universal ligands such as pasireotide.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adenoma', 'Adult', 'Antisense Elements (Genetics)', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Dosage', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Octreotide', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Somatostatin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 17,218,727
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D13.150', 'D13.444.600.150', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.380.350'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425.875', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.850', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.800'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transcriptional profiling of bipotential embryonic liver cells to identify liver progenitor cell surface markers.
|
The ability to purify to homogeneity a population of hepatic progenitor cells from adult liver is critical for their characterization prior to any therapeutic application. As a step in this direction, we have used a bipotential liver cell line from 14 days postcoitum mouse embryonic liver to compile a list of cell surface markers expressed specifically by liver progenitor cells. These cells, known as bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) cells, proliferate in an undifferentiated state and are capable of differentiating into hepatocyte-like and cholangiocyte-like cells in vitro. Upon transplantation, BMEL cells are capable of differentiating into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in vivo. Microarray and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of gene expression in the 9A1 and 14B3 BMEL cell lines grown under proliferating and differentiating conditions was used to identify cell surface markers preferentially expressed in the bipotential undifferentiated state. This analysis revealed that proliferating BMEL cells express many genes involved in cell cycle regulation, whereas differentiation of BMEL cells by cell aggregation causes a switch in gene expression to functions characteristic of mature hepatocytes. In addition, microarray data and protein analysis indicated that the Notch signaling pathway could be involved in maintaining BMEL cells in an undifferentiated stem cell state. Using GO annotation, a list of cell surface markers preferentially expressed on undifferentiated BMEL cells was generated. One marker, Cd24a, is specifically expressed on progenitor oval cells in livers of diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate-treated animals. We therefore consider Cd24a expression a candidate molecule for purification of hepatic progenitor cells. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Bile Ducts', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dihydropyridines', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Hepatocytes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Multipotent Stem Cells', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 17,641,245
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A03.159.183'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.383.725.203'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['A11.436.348'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['A11.872.590'], ['D12.776.543.750.725', 'D12.776.930.770'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Double-antigen sandwich ELISA for detection of antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus in human serum.
|
The study presented here was conducted to evaluate the performance of a double-antigen sandwich ELISA to detect antibodies in human serum against the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A recombinant partial nucleocapsid protein of SARS-associated coronavirus was used as a serodiagnostic antigen in the ELISA. A total of 2892 clinical serum samples were tested with the ELISA kit, which positively identified 25 of 35 (71.4%) samples of patients with confirmed SARS infection, 286 of 407 (70%) samples of patients suspected of having SARS, 229 of 302 (75.8%) samples of convalescent SARS patients, and 0 of 544 samples obtained from healthcare workers; only 1 of 1604 clinical samples obtained from patients with other diseases demonstrated a weakly positive result. These results indicate that the double-antigen sandwich ELISA is an effective screening method for the serodiagnosis of SARS-associated coronavirus.
|
['Antibodies, Viral', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Nucleocapsid Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'SARS Virus', 'Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome']
| 16,133,409
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.964.970.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.937'], ['C01.748.730', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.750', 'C08.730.730']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Threonine 576 residue of amyloid-â precursor protein regulates its trafficking and processing.
|
Deposition of amyloid-â (Aâ) in the brain is the main culprit of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aâ is derived from sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid-â precursor protein (APP). Newly synthesized APP is transported from endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane via trans-Golgi network (TGN) after post-translational modification including N- and O-glycosylation. APP is internalized through clathrin-dependent endocytosis from the plasma membrane to the early endosomes. In this study, we investigated the regulation of APP trafficking and processing by mutating three threonine residues known as O-glycosylation sites. We separately mutated three threonine residues of APP695 into alanines (T291A, T292A, and T576A) and expressed them in HeLa cells. Among these APP mutants, only T576A mutant showed reduced cell surface levels, indicating this residue regulates its trafficking. We also confirmed that trafficking from TGN to the plasma membrane was decreased in T576A mutant. Consistent with these observations, T576A mutant accumulated in the early endosomes, and the secreted Aâ level was increased. Thus, these results indicate that threonine 576 residue of APP regulates its trafficking and processing.
|
['Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor', 'Glycosylation', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Organelles', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Protein Transport', 'Threonine']
| 26,471,307
|
[['D12.776.049.407.249', 'D12.776.543.039', 'D12.776.645.468.500', 'D12.776.811.050'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.125.142.815', 'D12.125.154.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of DVT diseases using numerical simulations.
|
This research provides useful insights for better diagnosis and understanding the vein blockage induced by a deep venous thrombosis and the occurrence of reverse flow in human veins, allowing a proper detection of serious diseases related to deep venous insufficiency. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is used in a coupled model (i.e. fluid and structure equations solved together), considering two domains, specifically the blood flow and the flexible structures (i.e. vein and valves). Computational fluid dynamics mathematical model based on finite element method, with special elements and boundary characterization, is addressed to find the best solution. This research presents a novel model to study the interaction between non-Newtonian laminar fluid flows, the blood, within nonlinear structures, the vein walls. Simulation results are validated using in vivo echo-Doppler measurements.
|
['Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 26,780,462
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Correlation Between Standardized Uptake Value in Preneoadjuvant and Postneoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Tumor Regression Grade in Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate whether positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) initial and restaging imaging predicts for pathologic response measured by tumor regression grade (TRG) after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.METHODS: A retrospective review of 220 patients with stage II-III esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery was performed. In total, 187 patients were eligible for statistical analysis. Pretreatment and posttreatment PET/CT scans were reviewed. Maximum standard uptake value (SUV) at the site of the primary tumor was recorded before and 6 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. Upon completion of surgery, TRG was determined by a specialized site-specific gastrointestinal pathologist. Spearman correlation was used to compare pre, post, and change in maximum SUV, TRG, and overall survival.RESULTS: The median follow-up was 24 months. Although no significant correlation was found between pretreatment SUV and TRG (r=0.073, P=0.32), post-CRT SUV, however, showed a significant positive correlation with TRG (r=0.374, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between the absolute change in fluorodeoxyglucose uptake after CRT and TRG (r=0.057, P=0.44); however, the rate of SUV change showed a significant correlation with TRG (r=0.178, P=0.017). Similar to previous studies, our study showed a significant difference in overall survival between TRG groups (log-rank test, P=0.019). Patients with TRG 3 showed prominently worse survival with median survival of 27.4 months. Patients with favorable pathologic responses were those whose scans demonstrated a metabolic response defined as a decrease in SUV?70%.CONCLUSIONS: Changes in SUV uptake on PET/CT scans after CRT have prognostic value in predicting pathologic response of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Further studies are needed to validate the integration of PET/CT as a decision-making tool.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 26,703,814
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.186.079.500', 'E02.319.164.500', 'E02.815.160.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gi2 alpha protein deficiency: a model of inflammatory bowel disease.
|
Mice deficient for the G protein subunit Gi2 alpha were obtained by gene targeting. They displayed a growth retardation that was apparent at 6 weeks of age. They subsequently developed diffuse colitis with clinical and histopathological features closely resembling those of ulcerative colitis in humans. Seven of 20 Gi2 alpha-deficient mice with colitis also developed adenocarcinomas of the colon. Gi2 alpha-deficient thymocytes displayed two- to fourfold increases in mature CD4+8- and CD4-8+ phenotypes, an approximately threefold increase in high-intensity CD3 staining and enhanced proliferative responses to T-cell receptor stimuli. Stimulation of Gi 2 alpha-deficient peripheral T cells induced a hyperresponsive profile of interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor, and interferon-gamma production, which may reflect a heightened response of primed cells or a defective negative regulation. We suggest that Gi 2 alpha-deficient mice may represent a useful animal model for dissecting the pathomechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and also for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Targeting', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 8,613,481
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['E05.393.335'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term outcomes of lumbar spinal stenosis: eight-year results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT).
|
STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trial with a concurrent observational cohort study.OBJECTIVE: To compare 8-year outcomes of surgery with nonoperative care for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Surgery for spinal stenosis has been shown to be more effective than nonoperative treatment during 4 years, but longer-term data are less clear.METHODS: Surgical candidates from 13 centers in 11 US states with at least 12 weeks of symptoms and confirmatory imaging were enrolled in a randomized cohort or observational cohort. Treatment was standard, decompressive laminectomy versus standard nonoperative care. Primary outcomes were SF-36 (MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) Bodily Pain and Physical Function scales and the modified Oswestry Disability Index assessed at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and yearly up to 8 years.RESULTS: Data were obtained for 55% of participants in the randomized group and 52% of participants in the observational group at the 8-year follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses showed no differences between randomized cohorts; however, 70% of those randomized to surgery and 52% of those randomized to nonoperative had undergone surgery by 8 years. As-treated analyses in the randomized group showed that the early benefit for surgery out to 4 years converged over time, with no significant treatment effect of surgery seen in years 6 to 8 for any of the primary outcomes. In contrast, the observational group showed a stable advantage for surgery in all outcomes between years 5 and 8. Patients who were lost to follow-up were older, less well-educated, sicker, and had worse outcomes during the first 2 years in both surgical and nonoperative arms.CONCLUSION: Patients with symptomatic spinal stenosis show diminishing benefits of surgery in as-treated analyses of the randomized group between 4 and 8 years, whereas outcomes in the observational group remained stable. Loss to follow-up of patients with worse early outcomes in both treatment groups could lead to overestimates of long-term outcomes but likely not bias treatment effect estimates.
|
['Aged', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laminectomy', 'Lost to Follow-Up', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spinal Stenosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,569,524
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['E05.318.370.438'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.900.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prospective Multicenter Validation of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 and Hormone Therapy Resistance in High-Risk Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The PROPHECY Study.
|
PURPOSE: Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) results in a truncated receptor, which leads to ligand-independent constitutive activation that is not inhibited by anti-androgen therapies, including abiraterone or enzalutamide. Given that previous reports suggested that circulating tumor cell (CTC) AR-V7 detection is a poor prognostic indicator for the clinical efficacy of secondary hormone therapies, we conducted a prospective multicenter validation study.PATIENTS AND METHODS: PROPHECY ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02269982) is a multicenter, prospective-blinded study of men with high-risk mCRPC starting abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide treatment. The primary objective was to validate the prognostic significance of baseline CTC AR-V7 on the basis of radiographic or clinical progression free-survival (PFS) by using the Johns Hopkins University modified-AdnaTest CTC AR-V7 mRNA assay and the Epic Sciences CTC nuclear-specific AR-V7 protein assay. Overall survival (OS) and prostate-specific antigen responses were secondary end points.RESULTS: We enrolled 118 men with mCRPC who were starting abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment. AR-V7 detection by both the Johns Hopkins and Epic AR-V7 assays was independently associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3; P = .032] and 2.4 [95% CI, 1.1 to 5.1; P = .020], respectively) and OS (hazard ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 2.1 to 8.5] and 3.5 [95% CI, 1.6 to 8.1], respectively) after adjusting for CTC number and clinical prognostic factors. Men with AR-V7-positive mCRPC had fewer confirmed prostate-specific antigen responses (0% to 11%) or soft tissue responses (0% to 6%). The observed percentage agreement between the two AR-V7 assays was 82%.CONCLUSION: Detection of AR-V7 in CTCs by two blood-based assays is independently associated with shorter PFS and OS with abiraterone or enzalutamide, and such men with mCRPC should be offered alternative treatments.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androstenes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Phenylthiohydantoin', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Progression-Free Survival', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,865,549
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D04.210.500.054.079'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555.868.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789.800.285', 'E05.318.740.998.738', 'N04.761.559.590.800.474', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.474', 'N05.715.360.750.795.738', 'N06.850.520.830.998.825'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.945.440.770.500', 'C12.294.260.750.500', 'C12.294.565.625.500', 'C12.758.409.750.500'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects on Pulmonary Vascular Mechanics of Two Different Lung-Protective Ventilation Strategies in an Experimental Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of two lung-protective ventilation strategies on pulmonary vascular mechanics in early acute respiratory distress syndrome.DESIGN: Experimental study.SETTING: University animal research laboratory.SUBJECTS: Twelve pigs (30.8 ± 2.5 kg).INTERVENTIONS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced by repeated lung lavages and injurious mechanical ventilation. Thereafter, animals were randomized to 4 hours ventilation according to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol or to an open lung approach strategy. Pressure and flow sensors placed at the pulmonary artery trunk allowed continuous assessment of pulmonary artery resistance, effective elastance, compliance, and reflected pressure waves. Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange data were collected.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome led to pulmonary vascular mechanics deterioration. Four hours after randomization, pulmonary vascular mechanics was similar in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network and open lung approach: resistance (578 ± 252 vs 626 ± 153 dyn.s/cm; p = 0.714), effective elastance, (0.63 ± 0.22 vs 0.58 ± 0.17 mm Hg/mL; p = 0.710), compliance (1.19 ± 0.8 vs 1.50 ± 0.27 mL/mm Hg; p = 0.437), and reflection index (0.36 ± 0.04 vs 0.34 ± 0.09; p = 0.680). Open lung approach as compared to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network was associated with improved dynamic respiratory compliance (17.3 ± 2.6 vs 10.5 ± 1.3 mL/cm H2O; p < 0.001), driving pressure (9.6 ± 1.3 vs 19.3 ± 2.7 cm H2O; p < 0.001), and venous admixture (0.05 ± 0.01 vs 0.22 ± 0.03, p < 0.001) and lower mean pulmonary artery pressure (26 ± 3 vs 34 ± 7 mm Hg; p = 0.045) despite of using a higher positive end-expiratory pressure (17.4 ± 0.7 vs 9.5 ± 2.4 cm H2O; p < 0.001). Cardiac index, however, was lower in open lung approach (1.42 ± 0.16 vs 2.27 ± 0.48 L/min; p = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network and open lung approach affected pulmonary vascular mechanics similarly. The use of higher positive end-expiratory pressures in the open lung approach strategy did not worsen pulmonary vascular mechanics, improved lung mechanics, and gas exchange but at the expense of a lower cardiac index.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Random Allocation', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Swine']
| 28,872,540
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dehydroepiandrosterone enhances influenza immunization in aged mice.
|
The effect of DHEA administration on the age-associated decline in immunity against influenza vaccine was studied. Increased humoral response was observed in 16- and 24-month-old mice immunized by live A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus following DHEA treatment (a single injection adjacent to immunization). Furthermore, DHEA-treated mice demonstrated increased resistance to postvaccination intranasal challenge with live influenza virus. Thus, DHEA treatment overcomes the age-related defect in the immunity of old mice against influenza.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'Female', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections']
| 8,597,470
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400', 'D06.472.040.502.400', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C01.925.782.620']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Repetitive naming and the detection of word retrieval deficits in the beginning reader.
|
The claim has been advanced that children with severe reading disability are generally deficient in word retrieval compared with normal readers. Support for the claim is based largely on studies of rapid naming of repetitively presented pictured objects or other nameable stimuli, a task which is apparently more sensitive to retrieval problems than the confrontation naming of items presented singly. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a general relationship between word retrieval speed and reading ability in beginning readers. Although such a relationship has not been detected with confrontation naming, repetitive naming may provide a more sensitive test. Accordingly, second-grade children were required to name as rapidly as possible repeated presentations of five pictured items drawn from a single category. Separate naming tests were made for objects, colors, animals, letters, and words. The results showed that there was no relationship between reading ability and naming times when the test items were selected from sets of objects, colors, or animals, whereas on letters and words, a significant relationship was found. The less-skilled readers were not, therefore, consistently slower in all repetitive naming situations. Instead their word retrieval deficits extended only to the orthographic materials.
|
['Child', 'Color Perception', 'Humans', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Reaction Time', 'Reading', 'Semantics', 'Verbal Learning']
| 4,092,487
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F02.463.425.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tuberculous meningitis in children in the Western Cape. Epidemiology and outcome.
|
The incidence of tuberculous meningitis in children was determined using hospital records as well as local authority notifications. One hundred and eighty-five cases occurred over a 3-year period. The age-specific incidence in the 0-14-year-old group was 7,5/100 000. In only 28 cases was the disease at an early stage when treatment was commenced. Young age and late-stage disease at presentation were associated with a poor outcome. The associated morbidity and mortality rates were high; the mortality rate was 24%, and nearly 50% of patients were left with a residual disability.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'South Africa', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal']
| 4,012,506
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.789'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Nitric oxide release from normal and dysfunctional endothelium.
|
The endothelium plays a critical role in maintaining vascular tone by releasing vasoconstrictor and vasodilator substances. Endothelium - derived nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator rapidly inactivated by superoxide (O2-) found in significant quantities. The porphyrinic sensor (0.5-8 microm diameter) and chemiluminescence methods were used to measure NO and (O2-) respectively. Effects of hypertension, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and heart preservation on the release of NO and O2- were delineated. In the single endothelial cell (rat aorta) NO concentration was the highest in the cell membrane decreasing exponentially with distance from cell, and becoming undetectable beyond 50 microm and 25 microm for normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive (SHR) rats respectively. The endothelium of SHR released 40% less NO (300+/-25 nmol L(-1)) than that of normotensive rats (500+20 nmol L(-1)), due to the higher production of O2- in SHR rats. An exponentially decreasing NO production (from 1.20 +/- 0.15 to 0.16 +/- 0.05 micromol (L-1)) and concomitant increase of O2- generation (from 10 +/- 0.3 to 300 +/- 25 nmol L(-1) were observed in left ventricle of stored (eight hours) rabbit heart. Native and oxidized low density lipoproteins (nLDL and oxLDL) inhibited NO generation and increased O2- production. The local depletion of the L-arginine substrate may disarrange the nitric oxide synthase, leading to production of O2- from oxygen.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Organ Preservation', 'Porphyrins', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Superoxides', 'Time Factors']
| 10,639,008
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['E02.792.833.660', 'E05.760.833.660'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of bilateral lesions in the temporal convexity: attempt to define symptoms].
|
The case is reported of a boy aged 15 who suffered a bilateral lesion of the temporal convexity after a brain traumatism; he died 5 years later and the symptoms during that period are described. The clinical picture is adequately described neither under the title of dementia, nor under that of aphasia. The concept of an abolition involving the systems of cultural mediation (linguistic, technical) is introduced. The status of echolalia and echo-praxia is discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Apraxias', 'Brain Injuries', 'Brain Mapping', 'Echolalia', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Psycholinguistics', 'Syndrome', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 954,450
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C10.597.606.881.350', 'C23.888.592.604.882.350', 'F01.700.875.350'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.300', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['F02.694', 'F04.096.586', 'L01.559.598.628'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A non-surgical technique for the transcervical administration of physiological and pharmacological agents into rat uteri.
|
A technique for the instillation of solutions into the rat uterine lumen is described. The method has been tested by following the receptor depletion/replenishment cycle after oestradiol injection and by checking on the stoichiometry of hormone/receptor translocation from the cytoplasmic compartment into the nucleus. Both crude sediments from frozen uteri and nuclei purified by a novel procedure were analyzed and gave identical results. The limitations and the advantages of the technique are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Cytoplasm', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Injections', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Estradiol', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Uterus']
| 6,857,751
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Beta-lipotropin-like immunoreactivity in intraglandular colloid from pituitary intermediate lobe cells.
|
The aim of this paper is the identification of beta-lipotropin (beta/LPH) as a peptide present in intraglandular colloid (the holocrine secretion of cells in the marginal half of the bovine pituitary intermediate lobe). beta/LPH, although not an opioid peptide itself, contains the peptide beta-endorphin. The methodology used allowed detection of beta/LPH when present in the samples in sufficient amounts.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Cattle', 'Colloids', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'beta-Endorphin', 'beta-Lipotropin']
| 2,977,325
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.239', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.239', 'D12.644.400.400.935.239', 'D12.644.400.575.241.080', 'D12.644.548.365.935.239', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.239', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.239', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241.080'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.480', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.480', 'D12.644.400.400.935.480', 'D12.644.548.365.935.480', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.480', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.480']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis outbreak on a mostly BHV-1 free farm can result in great damage].
|
In a suckler herd with 110 cows (without young stock born in 2003) 5 cows died within 10 days, 6 calves were born dead prematurely and 5 calves were born alive but prematurely. The diagnosis BHV1-infection was based on clinical symptoms and confirmed with PCR. The clinical signs, diagnostic methods, therapy, risk-analysis and prevention are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Herpesvirus 1, Bovine', 'Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Risk Management']
| 14,582,321
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.400'], ['C01.925.256.466.488', 'C22.196.429'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Psychodynamics of neurotically-induced kleptomania].
|
With a detailed case report of a patient suffering from kleptomania with neurotic causes, we are trying to obtain more detailed information about such patients' psychodynamics. The case history is preceded by a discussion of the concept of kleptomania. We give a list of the descriptive-empirical papers which prove that one cannot speak of an independent clinical picture, but rather that the kleptomaniac actions may be a symptom of multiple causes. Following the case history, the psychodynamics of this patient is discussed and compared with the existing interpretations, based on depth psychology, of other patients. We confirm the opinion expressed by other authors that kleptomania with neurotic causes is to be classified amongst the impulse neuroses. We criticize the fact that in the presently existing psychodynamic interpretation the sexual symbolism of the theft actions and of the stolen goods themselves has been overvalued. In an ego-psychological consideration, we then draw the attention to these patients' desperate and greedy search for an object which helps them to maintain control over their own destructive aggressiveness and at the same time preserves the object. Subsequently, we suggest distinguishing between two groups of kleptomaniac patients who can be differentiated with regard to their symptoms and psychodynamics. Some kleptomaniacs seem to be "fixed" on special objects when stealing. Others give the impression of being "de-differentiated" by the way they steal. In the latter group the structural ego weakness is the most important feature. These psychodynamic considerations are included in the forensicpsychiatric discussion of kleptomania at the end of this paper. Several criteria are presented, e.g., the symptomatic character of the patients' behaviour, the compulsion to repeat, the progredience of the symptoms, the de-differentiation of personality, which are to contribute to the evaluation of the independence and the automatism of the action with regard to the possibility of a patients' ego control.
|
['Adult', 'Crisis Intervention', 'Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders', 'Drive', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Object Attachment', 'Psychoanalytic Theory', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy']
| 3,737,784
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.252'], ['F03.250'], ['F01.658.293'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.550', 'F03.650'], ['F02.739.794.624'], ['F02.739.794'], ['F04.754.709']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Antibody response of humans to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.
|
We studied the interaction of sera from residents of an area in northern Peru where vivax malaria is endemic with four recombinant DNA-derived circumsporozoite (CS) proteins of Plasmodium vivax. The antigens used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay included one Escherichia coli-produced and three Saccharomyces cerevisiae-produced recombinant proteins. Three of the proteins (NS1(81)V20, Vivax-1, and Vivax-2) contain the entire central repeat region of the P. vivax CS protein, and one protein (Vivax-3) contains only two repeat sequences. Vivax-1, Vivax-2, and Vivax-3 contain different lengths of sequences flanking the repeats. A higher percentage of the sera had antibodies to Vivax-2 and Vivax-3, the two proteins containing the longest nonrepeat sequences, than to NS1(81)V20 or Vivax-1. Children less than 5 years of age did not have immunoglobulin G antibodies to NS1(81)V20; however, they had antibodies to Vivax-1, Vivax-2, and Vivax-3. The finding that individuals living in a malaria-endemic area produce antibodies to peptides containing nonrepeat regions of the CS protein emphasizes the need to characterize the immune response to these regions in naturally exposed and experimentally immunized humans.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Infant', 'Malaria', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peru', 'Plasmodium vivax', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 1,855,998
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.293'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['Z01.107.757.702'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.761'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
[Clinical processes in a high resolution clinic of specialist outpatient clinics].
|
OBJECTIVES: The high resolution clinic (HRC) is an outpatient care process by which treatment and diagnosis are established, recorded, and completed in a single day. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which patients with medical conditions may benefit from a single consultation system.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive study of 795 first visit events, randomly selected as high-resolution consultations in cardiology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, and chest diseases. A discussion is presented on the percentage of patients who benefited from HRC and the complementary tests performed.RESULTS: A total of 559 (70%, 95% CI: 67-73%) of all first visits became HRCs, and 483 (61%, 95% CI: 57%-64%) required a diagnostic test that was reviewed on the same day. There were differences between medical consultations (86% in cardiology versus 44% in gastroenterology consultations, P<.001). Performing a test on the same day significantly increased the percentage of HRCs (49 versus 22%, P<.001). Ischaemic heart disease, dyspepsia, headache, and asthma were the conditions most commonly leading to HRC. The most common tests were cranial tomography, blood analysis, and ultrasound.CONCLUSIONS: Medical consultations may largely benefit from an HRC system, only requiring some organisational changes and no additional costs.
|
['Ambulatory Care', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 27,793,461
|
[['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['N02.278.035'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Iron deposits in the central nervous system of SJL mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
|
Iron has been proposed to promote oxidative tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to gain insights about how iron gets processed during MS, the deposition of iron was investigated in the CNS of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a commonly used animal model of MS. Control mice (adjuvant only) and EAE mice (myelin basic protein plus adjuvant), were sacrificed at 4-8 days (preclinical phase), 10-13 days (clinical phase), or 18 days (recovery phase) post injection. Sections from the cerebrum, hindbrain, and cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord were stained as previously described (J. Neurosci. Res. 29:413, 1991), and scored blindly for histopathological staining. There was minimal histopathological staining at any age in control animals or during the preclinical stage in EAE animals. At the clinical stage of EAE, stained pathological features (macrophages, extravasated RBC and granular staining) were significantly increased compared to the preclinical stage. In the recovery phase, macrophage and granular staining persisted but there was loss of extravasated RBC. Dual labeling studies revealed that granular deposits were present in astrocytes and in locations that appeared to be extracellular. In order to gain insights about the origin of iron deposits in EAE mice, additional studies were performed on brains of mice with extravasated blood lesions. These brains had granular, macrophage and RBC staining. Thus, each of the stained features in EAE animals could be due to the extravasation of blood which occurs in the SJL model of EAE, although some of the iron could have originated from myelin and oligodendrocytes damaged during EAE.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain', 'Central Nervous System', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Erythrocytes', 'Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials', 'Female', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Iron', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Oligodendroglia']
| 9,870,713
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['C23.550.340', 'C26.371'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Surgical treatment of habitual luxation of the shoulder joint using the Dickson-O'Dell method. Our modification].
|
The authors have presented their experience in the treatment of 40 patients with habitual dislocation of the shoulder joints using the method of Dickson-O'Dell during a period of 10 years. They have compared their results with results obtained by other methods and consider their modification as the method of choice on the basis of excellent results obtained in their patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Shoulder Dislocation']
| 2,609,504
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C05.550.518.750', 'C26.289.750', 'C26.803.125']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Circulating nucleosomes are associated with mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.
|
Mechanisms underlying pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) are poorly understood. The recent implication of circulating nucleosomes as pathogenic in sepsis and trauma-associated ARDS in adults led us to investigate the significance of nucleosomes in PARDS. We conducted a prospective, observational study on children with PARDS at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between July 2014 and September 2015. Plasma was collected within 48 h of PARDS onset and nucleosomes quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples from 76 children with PARDS (11 deaths, 14%) were collected early [median 15 (IQR 7, 21) h] after PARDS onset. Nucleosome levels were higher in nonsurvivors [0.59 AU (IQR 0.46, 0.84)] relative to survivors [0.21 AU (IQR 0.08, 0.33), rank sum P < 0.001]. Nucleosome levels were not associated with either Berlin (P = 0.845) or PALICC (P = 0.886) oxygenation categories, nor with etiology of PARDS (P = 0.527). Nucleosomes were correlated with increasing numbers of nonpulmonary organ failures (P = 0.009 for trend), and were higher in patients whose PaO2 /FiO2 worsened (P = 0.012) over the first 72 h of PARDS. In regression analysis, nucleosome levels were independently associated with mortality after adjusting for either age, severity of illness score, number of nonpulmonary organ failures, vasopressor score, or PaO2 /FiO2 (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, plasma nucleosome levels in early PARDS were associated with increased mortality, correlated with number of nonpulmonary organ failures, and preceded worsening oxygenation. The potential utility of this biomarker for prognostication, risk stratification, and mechanistic insight should be investigated further.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Nucleosomes', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Survival Analysis']
| 27,130,528
|
[['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Human fetal breathing movements: basic analysis and clinical relationship to fetal well-being (author's transl)].
|
By means of real time B-scan, human fetal breathing movements (FBM) was basically and clinically investigated on 244 observations in 215 pregnancies. The results obtained were as follows. (1) FBM was frequently observed during active sleep in which FHR variability and fetal movement increased. (2) The incidence of FBM increased rapidly from 12.5% at 23-27 weeks to 77-100% at more than 35 weeks gestation, but reduced to 44% at delivery. (3) FBM became more regular and deeper with advancing weeks of pregnancy, especially after 36 weeks of gestation. The frequency of FBM in normal pregnancy was slightly high at 28-29 weeks, but almost the same rates at 30-41 weeks. (4) Maternal mean blood glucose level of 6 cases (72.3 +/- 5.8 mg/dl) in which FBM absent in repeated observations was significantly lower than those of 10 cases (94.7 +/- 14 mg/dl) in which the percentage time spent breathing were 50% or more. (5) Clinically, a relationship between the presence or absence of FBM and Apgar score was not recognized. However, when the percentage time spent breathing was less than 30% or FBM was continuous and considerably deep, the incidence of neonatal asphyxia or FHR abnormality during labor was significantly increased.
|
['Blood Glucose', 'Female', 'Fetal Distress', 'Fetal Heart', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Third', 'Respiration']
| 7,234,348
|
[['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.380'], ['A07.541.278', 'A16.378.303'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.520'], ['G09.772.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Facial elephantiasis neurofibromatosa--excision and skin graft.
|
A case of left facial elephantiasis neurofibromatosa was treated with near-total excision and skin graft. Results were favorable. Repositioning of canthal ligaments, preserving part of relatively normal masseter muscle and primary nasal reconstruction with forehead flap were performed. The skin graft over the myxomatous muscle was successful. Troublesome bleeding was avoided or controlled by incising the normal skin, subperiosteal dissection, hypotensive anesthesia, and chromic catgut suture ligature.
|
['Adult', 'Elephantiasis', 'Face', 'Facial Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lymphedema', 'Male', 'Neurofibromatosis 1', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Surgery, Plastic']
| 2,516,422
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.604.496.320'], ['A01.456.505'], ['C04.588.443.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604.496'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['H02.403.810.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of different exercise modalities plus a hypocaloric diet on inflammation markers in overweight patients: a randomised trial.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet.METHODS: 119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18-50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training (S; n = 30), endurance training (E; n = 30), combined S + E (SE; n = 30), and a diet and physical activity recommendations group (D; n = 29). Energy intake, anthropometric variables (AV), training variables (VO2peak, strength index, dynamometric strength index [DSI]) and plasma IM were recorded at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment.RESULTS: 84 participants completed the study. At 22 weeks, all groups showed a significantly reduced energy intake (P < 0.001) and improved AV (P < 0.001). VO2peak significantly increased in all groups (P < 0.01). DSI increased in the exercise groups only (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin fell significantly (P < 0.001) in the S and E groups, but not significantly in the SE group (P = 0.029) (no significant differences between these groups). Tumour necrosis factor-á (TNF-á), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations decreased in all groups when examined together, but not when examined separately. No significant differences were seen in interleukin-6 (IL-6).CONCLUSIONS: Combining strength or endurance training with a hypocaloric diet improved AV and reduced plasma leptin concentrations. No differences were seen between groups in terms of TNF-á, IL-6 or CRP reduction. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01116856. http://clinicaltrials.gov/.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Caloric Restriction', 'Energy Intake', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Overweight', 'Physical Endurance', 'Resistance Training', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']
| 23,177,481
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['E02.642.249.200', 'G07.203.650.240.340.150'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.875', 'E02.779.483.875', 'E02.831.535.483.875', 'G11.427.410.698.277.311.750', 'I03.350.311.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Does amiodarone influence early mortality in heart transplantation?
|
The use of amiodarone before transplantation has been linked to an increased number of complications, acute graft failures, and early mortality after a heart graft. We undertook a retrospective, descriptive, case-controlled study involving early mortality and acute graft failure. The 396 consecutive patients included 25 subjects who had been prescribed amiodarone for at least 30 days before transplantation. We excluded retransplantations, pediatric transplantations, and combined transplantations. The endpoints were early mortality and acute graft failure. No significant differences were observed in early mortality and acute graft failures. The multivariate analysis did not reveal any variable that correlated with early mortality. Our study did not support the idea that amiodarone constituted a negative predictor of early survival or acute graft failure.
|
['Amiodarone', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Patient Selection', 'Survival Analysis', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 17,097,993
|
[['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Widespread receptivity to neuropeptide PDF throughout the neuronal circadian clock network of Drosophila revealed by real-time cyclic AMP imaging.
|
The neuropeptide PDF is released by sixteen clock neurons in Drosophila and helps maintain circadian activity rhythms by coordinating a network of approximately 150 neuronal clocks. Whether PDF acts directly on elements of this neural network remains unknown. We address this question by adapting Epac1-camps, a genetically encoded cAMP FRET sensor, for use in the living brain. We find that a subset of the PDF-expressing neurons respond to PDF with long-lasting cAMP increases and confirm that such responses require the PDF receptor. In contrast, an unrelated Drosophila neuropeptide, DH31, stimulates large cAMP increases in all PDF-expressing clock neurons. Thus, the network of approximately 150 clock neurons displays widespread, though not uniform, PDF receptivity. This work introduces a sensitive means of measuring cAMP changes in a living brain with subcellular resolution. Specifically, it experimentally confirms the longstanding hypothesis that PDF is a direct modulator of most neurons in the Drosophila clock network.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Colforsin', 'Computer Systems', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Insect Hormones', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Motor Activity', 'Neurons', 'Neuropeptides']
| 18,439,407
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['L01.224.230'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['E01.370.350'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['G05.308'], ['D06.472.445.573'], ['D12.776.532'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pediatric faculty members' attitudes about part-time faculty positions and policies to support part-time faculty: a study at one medical center.
|
PURPOSE: To examine pediatric faculty members' attitudes about part-time faculty positions and policies to support part-time faculty.METHOD: In 2001, an anonymous 26-item questionnaire assessing attitudes about part-time faculty was mailed to all 441 faculty members of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Multivariable analyses were used to determine faculty characteristics associated with specific attitudes, and qualitative methods were used to analyze responses to an open-ended item assessing beliefs about facilitating part-time careers.RESULTS: Three hundred (68%) faculty members completed questionnaires. Twenty-nine (10%) worked part-time and an additional 88 (33%) had considered part-time work, primarily because of dependent children. Although 177 (59%) believed that part-time faculty were perceived as being less committed to their careers and the institution, 207 (69%) believed part-time faculty should be eligible for all academic tracks and 219 (73%) that they should be allowed extension of time to obtain tenure. Most reported that policy changes to support part-time faculty would enhance diversity (N = 234, 78%) and improve recruitment, retention, and promotion of female faculty. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that women and respondents with dependent children were more likely to be concerned about perceived commitment and more likely to endorse policies to support part-time faculty. Participants suggested that part-time careers for faculty would be facilitated by clarifying productivity expectations, expanding resources, and modifying existing policies.CONCLUSIONS: Although women and respondents with dependent children were concerned about perceived commitment of part-time faculty and were most supportive of policies that would support part-time faculty, pediatric faculty generally supported such policies.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Career Choice', 'Career Mobility', 'Faculty, Medical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Organizational Policy', 'Pediatrics', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Physicians, Women', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Workload']
| 16,186,613
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['N01.824.245.175', 'N01.824.547.330'], ['M01.526.485.375', 'M01.526.702.250.373', 'N02.360.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['H02.403.670'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['M01.526.485.810.820', 'M01.975.790', 'N02.360.810.820'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ter94 ATPase complex targets k11-linked ubiquitinated ci to proteasomes for partial degradation.
|
The Cubitus interruptus (Ci)/Gli family of transcription factors can be degraded either completely or partially from a full-length form (Ci155/Gli(FL)) to a truncated repressor (Ci75/Gli(R)) by proteasomes to mediate Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. The mechanism by which proteasomes distinguish ubiquitinated Ci/Gli to carry out complete versus partial degradation is not known. Here, we show that Ter94 ATPase and its mammalian counterpart, p97, are involved in processing Ci and Gli3 into Ci75 and Gli3(R), respectively. Ter94 regulates the partial degradation of ubiquitinated Ci by Cul1-Slimb-based E3 ligase through its adaptors Ufd1-like and dNpl4. We demonstrate that Cul1-Slimb-based E3 ligase, but not Cul3-Rdx-based E3 ligase, modifies Ci by efficient addition of K11-linked ubiquitin chains. Ter94(Ufd1-like/dNpl4) complex interacts directly with Cul1-Slimb, and, intriguingly, it prefers K11-linked ubiquitinated Ci. Thus, Ter94 ATPase and K11-linked ubiquitination in Ci contribute to the selectivity by proteasomes for partial degradation.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cullin Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Hedgehog Proteins', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Protein Binding', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad Proteins, Inhibitory', 'Transcription Factors', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Ubiquitination', 'Valosin Containing Protein']
| 23,747,190
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.750.500', 'D12.776.167.175'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['D12.644.276.671', 'D12.776.467.671', 'D23.529.671'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.200', 'D12.776.157.057.170.249', 'D12.776.476.024.428.249'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.750', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.750', 'D12.776.157.025.750.750', 'D12.776.167.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Significant Association Between Low Mitochondrial DNA Content in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Ischemic Stroke.
|
BACKGROUND: Cumulative evidence has shown that low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is related to elevated oxidative stress and atherosclerosis, which play important roles in ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to explore the association between mtDNA content in peripheral blood leukocytes and ischemic stroke.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 350 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and 350 healthy controls were recruited in this case-control study. The mtDNA content in peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were measured by ELISA kits. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between mtDNA content in peripheral blood leukocytes and ischemic stroke. Our results show that mtDNA content of patients with ischemic stroke was notably lower compared with controls. A significant association was found between low mtDNA content and ischemic stroke. Furthermore, significant interactions were identified between low mtDNA and proven risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke. The levels of oxidized glutathione and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were significantly greater in patients with ischemic stroke compared with controls.CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that low mtDNA content in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with ischemic stroke. The relationship of low mtDNA content and ischemic stroke was particularly notable in individuals who had low mtDNA content combined with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, or cigarette smoking. Oxidative stress may be one of the contributory factors to decreased mtDNA content in patients with ischemic stroke.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 29,151,031
|
[['D23.101'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Allergic contact dermatitis to underwear elastic. Chemically transformed by laundry bleach.
|
Six subjects, allergic to the elastic in their undergarments, were patch test-negative to the rubber components and new elastic from the suppliers. However, washing the rubber with sodium hypochlorite gave the subjects allergic responses due to the effect of bleach on the rubber accelerator, zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (ZDC). To identify the allergen, ZDC was reacted with the sodium hypochlorite, and the resultant gum was extracted with diethyl ether. Eight compounds were identified in the reaction mixture by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The individual components were tested on volunteers after sensitization to the reaction mixture was produced in 14 of 25 volunteers. One component, N,N-dibenzylcarbamyl chloride produced an allergic response in each sensitized volunteer.
|
['Allergens', 'Carbamates', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Clothing', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'Drug Interactions', 'Humans', 'Laundering', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Patch Tests', 'Rubber', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Zinc']
| 1,093,480
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['D02.241.081.251'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['J01.637.215'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['C17.800.174.255', 'C17.800.815.255'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576.549'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.610', 'E05.200.812.871.610', 'E05.478.594.890.610'], ['D25.720.099.750', 'D25.720.327.840', 'J01.637.051.720.099.750', 'J01.637.051.720.327.840', 'J01.637.412.767'], ['D01.210.465.800', 'D01.650.550.400.800', 'D01.857.750'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Structural and electrical ventricular remodeling in rat acute myocarditis and subsequent heart failure.
|
OBJECTIVE: We reported that experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) rats showed dramatic changes in ventricular action potential and enhanced arrhythmogenicity in the acute phase, but mechanisms for this are still unclear. To investigate the mechanisms of cardiac remodeling in acute myocarditis and subsequent heart failure, physiological and molecular changes were evaluated along the time course of EAM.METHODS: Six-week-old Lewis rats were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin. On days 14, 21, 35 and 60 after immunization, histology, hemodynamics and electrophysiological parameters (i.e., effective refractory period (ERP), monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) and PVC inducibility) were evaluated and compared with control rats. After these studies, the expression levels of Kv(+) and L-Ca(2+) channels, ion transporters and BNP expressions in the left ventricle were examined by quantitative real time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.RESULTS: EAM rats showed acute myocarditis with massive infiltration of the mononuclear cells on days 14 and 21. Subsequently, a chronic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like structural change was observed on day 60. Hemodynamic parameters were worse in EAM than controls. ERP and MAPD were longer in EAM than controls, with a peak on day 21, which was parallel to PVC inducibility. mRNA levels of Kv4.2, Kv1.5, KChIP2, frequenin and SERCA2a, and the protein levels of Kv4.2 and Kv1.5, were reduced, especially in the acute phase.CONCLUSIONS: The initial reduction of Ito-related molecules, such as the expression levels of Kv4.2, 1.5, frequenin and KChIP2, and the prolongation of MAPD are considered to be a key mechanism of ventricular remodeling and cause the characteristic clinical findings in EAM in the acute inflammatory phase and chronic DCM phase.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hemodynamics', 'Ion Channels', 'Male', 'Myocarditis', 'Organ Size', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ventricular Remodeling']
| 15,306,225
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C14.280.434'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G09.330.380'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In situ metathesis ionic liquid formation dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for copper determination in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
|
In situ synthesis of ionic liquid extractant for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (in situ IL DLLME) combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) for determination of copper in water samples was developed. Analytical signals were obtained without the back-extraction of copper from the IL phase prior to its determination by AAS. Some essential parameters of the microextraction and detection techniques such as the pH of sample solution, volume of components for in situ synthesis, matrix interferences and main parameters of graphite furnace atomizer have been studied. Under optimal conditions, high extraction efficiency for copper was achieved for the extraction of 0.7 µg L(-1) in 10.0 mL of sample solution employing 8 ìL of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (HmimNTf2) as the extraction solvent. The detection limit was found as 0.004 µg L(-1) with an enrichment factor of 200. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for seven replicate measurements of 0.7 µg L(-1) in sample solution was 4%. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analysis of the Certified Reference Materials: NIST SRM 2709 (San Joaquin Soil), NBS SRM 2704 (Buffalo River Sediment), NRCC DOLT-2 (Dogfish Liver) and NIST SRM 1643e (Trace Element in Water). The measured copper contents in the reference materials were in satisfactory agreement with the certified values. The method was successfully applied to analysis of the tap, lake and mineral water samples.
|
['Cations, Divalent', 'Copper', 'Graphite', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Imidazoles', 'Imides', 'Ionic Liquids', 'Limit of Detection', 'Liquid Phase Microextraction', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Solvents', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 24,054,576
|
[['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['G02.300'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D02.478'], ['D27.720.844.500'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.196.155.650.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Pregnancy and thrombophilia in women with congenital deficit of antithrombin III, protein C, protein S or plasminogen: analysis of 39 cases].
|
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy, delivery and puerperium are situations which increment the risk of thromboembolic complications in women who are carriers of congenital heterozygotic deficits of type I antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C (PC) or protein S (PS). The aim of this study was to analyze the experience of the authors and propose therapeutic conduct in each case. Furthermore, the spontaneous losses of pregnancy related with these deficits were studied.METHODS: Thirty-nine women, seventeen with ATIII deficit, fifteen with PC deficit and four with a deficit of PS and three with a plasminogen (Pg) deficit totalling 79 pregnancies and 51 thrombotic episodes sixteen of which were related with the pregnancy, delivery or puerperium were studied. The antigenic and functional activity of ATIII, PC, PS and Pg were determined.RESULTS: The incidence of thrombosis for the ATIII deficit during pregnancy was 39%, which was greater, of statistical significance (p = 0.046), than the 15% observed during puerperium. In women with a deficit of PC, the incidence of thrombosis was 4.5% during pregnancy and 14% during puerperium with no significant difference between the two situations. The incidence of thrombosis during pregnancy and postpartum in the deficit of ATIII was significantly higher (p < 0.025) than that observed for the deficit of PC. For women with a deficit of PS and Pg the incidence of thrombosis was nul in pregnancy and puerperium.CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy and puerperium are situations which trigger thrombotic phenomena and increase the risk of the same in women with a deficit of antithrombin III and protein C and, to a lesser degree, the deficit of protein S or plasminogen. A strict control of these situations and individualized treatment is required according to the type of deficit, presence of previous thromboembolic history and anticoagulant history at the time of pregnancy. No increase in the risk of loss of pregnancy in any of the deficits studied was observed.
|
['Adult', 'Antithrombin III Deficiency', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasminogen', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Protein C Deficiency', 'Protein S Deficiency', 'Thrombosis']
| 8,429,723
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.100.100.075', 'C15.378.147.150', 'C15.378.925.075', 'C16.320.099.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565', 'C18.452.648'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.622.610', 'D12.776.124.790.223.580', 'D12.776.377.715.182.580', 'D12.776.811.243.610'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C15.378.100.100.690', 'C15.378.147.880', 'C15.378.925.795', 'C16.320.099.690'], ['C15.378.100.800', 'C15.378.147.890', 'C15.378.925.800'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Neuroendocrine effects of d-fenfluramine and bromocriptine following repeated smoked cocaine in humans.
|
To study the consequences of repeated smoked cocaine use on central serotonergic and dopaminergic function, the effects of d-fenfluramine (d-FEN) and bromocriptine on plasma hormones were determined at three time-points following repeated cocaine self-administration under carefully controlled conditions. In a 20-day inpatient study, male cocaine abusers (d-FEN: n=10; bromocriptine: n=8) self-administered smoked cocaine (12-50 mg) for 3 days followed by 2 weeks of abstinence. The acute effects of d-FEN (0 or 30 mg po) or bromocriptine (0 or 1.25 mg po) on plasma neuroendocrine levels were determined 1-2, 7-8, and 13-14 days after the last cocaine dose. Blood was drawn before and then every 30-60 min for 4 h after capsule administration. The effects of d-FEN and bromocriptine were also determined in healthy, outpatient controls; d-FEN was removed from medical use in the US midway through the study due to complications associated with chronic administration, so all of the control participants were tested in Italy. Cocaine users had a blunted prolactin and cortisol response to d-FEN that lasted for at least 2 weeks of cocaine abstinence, but had a normal response to bromocriptine, which suppressed prolactin by 50% of baseline. The long-lasting and selective disruptions in serotonin pathways following chronic cocaine use may provide a neurochemical basis for changes in mood commonly reported during cocaine withdrawal.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Bromocriptine', 'Crack Cocaine', 'Fenfluramine', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Prolactin', 'Self Administration', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Time Factors']
| 11,470,342
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D03.132.327.412.100', 'D03.633.400.439.131', 'D03.633.400.562.100'], ['D02.145.074.722.388.250', 'D03.132.889.354.250', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388.250', 'D03.605.869.388.250', 'D26.878.250'], ['D02.092.471.683.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['E02.319.890', 'E02.900.890'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prediction of novel archaeal enzymes from sequence-derived features.
|
The completely sequenced archaeal genomes potentially encode, among their many functionally uncharacterized genes, novel enzymes of biotechnological interest. We have developed a prediction method for detection and classification of enzymes from sequence alone (available at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ArchaeaFun/). The method does not make use of sequence similarity; rather, it relies on predicted protein features like cotranslational and posttranslational modifications, secondary structure, and simple physical/chemical properties.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Archaea', 'Computational Biology', 'Enzymes', 'Glycosylation', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Phylogeny', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 12,441,387
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B02'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D08.811'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Strategies to promote better access to over the counter products for oral health in Europe: a Delphi survey.
|
OBJECTIVES: 'Over The Counter' (OTC) is a pharmaceutical product or medicine whose distribution or the administration does not require medical authorisation, and which can be used by consumers on their own initiative. This can be to prevent, relieve or treat symptoms or moderate pathologies and whose use, under the forms, packaging and authorised formulation are safe for the consumer. A Delphi consultation in the perspective of coming to a consensus was initiated to identify the current and future orientations on the best strategies of administration of OTC products for oral health in Europe.METHODS: A Delphi Survey was conducted with 54 experts from 23 countries in Europe. Each indicator statement was considered to be in consensus if the expert's opinion rating was of 4 or 5 for more than 75% in a scale of seven categories. The first questionnaire concerned self medication and the situation of OTC prescriptions in 2006. The second included 19 statements focused on the possible role of OTC products in dental practice. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were created.RESULTS: There was a strong consensus that the population's common practices towards OTCs should be modified. Practitioners should possess communication qualities allowing them to share their power and to advise patients of their decision-making concerning oral care.CONCLUSIONS: The Delphi Survey was successful in underlining that dentists have to be involved in oral health OTC prescription which, currently, seems unsatisfactory. OTC products and especially fluoride toothpaste improve oral health but have to be available, accessible and used advisedly.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Delphi Technique', 'Europe', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Nonprescription Drugs', 'Oral Health', 'Self Medication', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,998,664
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['L01.906.197'], ['Z01.542'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.530'], ['N01.400.535'], ['E02.319.900', 'E02.900.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Solvent oriented hobbies and the risk of systemic sclerosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine whether those participating in solvent oriented hobbies (SOH) are at greater risk of developing systemic sclerosis (SSc), and if the association is modified by the presence of the anti-Scl70 antibody.METHODS: Patients with SSc and controls were recruited from a university hospital rheumatology clinic. Recreational hobby and occupational histories were obtained along with blood samples. Cumulative scores were created for participation in SOH. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios associated with SOH exposure after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis, and occupational solvent exposure, and to examine the association between SOH exposure and the presence of anti-Scl70.RESULTS: Solvent exposure based on hobbies and occupations was determined for 178 cases (141 women, 37 men) and 200 controls (138 women, 62 men). Overall participation in SOH was not associated with SSc. However, odds of high cumulative SOH exposure was 3 times greater in those patients with SSc testing positive for the anti-Scl70 antibody compared to patients testing negative (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1, 7.9), and twice as great as controls (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1, 5.9).CONCLUSION: While patients with SSc did not participate more often in SOH than controls over all, odds of high cumulative SOH exposure was greater among patients with SSc testing positive for anti-Scl70 compared to those testing negative and compared to controls. These results provide further evidence that environmental agents may play a role in the development of Ssc.
|
['Female', 'Hobbies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Risk Factors', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Solvents']
| 10,555,893
|
[['I03.450.642.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Utility of thromboelastography in managing acquired Factor VIII inhibitor associated massive haemorrhage.
|
Disorders of clotting and coagulation are common in the intensive care unit. Diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of these disorders are traditionally based on conventional coagulation tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalised ratio (INR). We present here a patient who developed massive postoperative haemorrhage secondary to an acquired factor VIII inhibitor. The case highlights the utility and sensitivity of thromboelastography (TEG) in the diagnosis of the condition and monitoring the response to therapy.
|
['Antifibrinolytic Agents', 'Blood Coagulation Factors', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Factor VIIa', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hematoma', 'Hemophilia A', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Renal Replacement Therapy', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Thrombelastography', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Tranexamic Acid', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,180,723
|
[['D27.505.519.421.500', 'D27.505.954.502.270.463.091'], ['D12.776.124.125', 'D23.119'], ['E02.095.135'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.300', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.300', 'D12.776.124.125.325.300', 'D23.119.325.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['C23.550.414.941', 'C23.550.767.850'], ['E01.370.350.700.715'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['E02.870'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.618.846'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.830', 'E05.200.625.115.830'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D02.241.223.268.860'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A 15-year-old girl with a large pericardial effusion.
|
Pericarditis is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis and can be fatal. We describe a 15-year-old girl admitted for a large pericardial effusion. Subxiphoid pericardial biopsy was performed. Biopsy samples were positive for M. tuberculosis DNA by PCR, which confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pericardial Effusion', 'Pericarditis, Tuberculous', 'Ultrasonography']
| 17,704,946
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.695'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.554.595', 'C01.190.750.595', 'C14.260.750.595', 'C14.280.720.801'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The cost effectiveness of preventing preterm delivery in twin pregnancies.
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As an extension of previous work on the risk of prematurity in singletons and on the social cost of twin births, an analysis has been carried out into the cost effectiveness of preventing premature delivery in twin pregnancies. The cost of prevention is assessed in terms of early diagnosis through ultrasound screening and of an extra 11 weeks of work leave to expectant mothers. When this cost is compared to the social cost involved in the transfer of newborns to neonatal intensity care units and in supporting handicapped children, it is concluded that the total cost of prevention corresponds to one-third of the long-term costs associated to lack of prevention.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Employment', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Multiple', 'Prenatal Care', 'Twins']
| 2,128,160
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['N01.824.245'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['C13.703.420.491'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.545'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A randomized prospective controlled trial comparing the laryngeal tube suction disposable and the supreme laryngeal mask airway: the influence of head and neck position on oropharyngeal seal pressure.
|
BACKGROUND: The Laryngeal Tube Suction Disposable (LTS-D) and the Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway (SLMA) are second generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs) with an added channel to allow gastric drainage. We studied the efficacy of these devices when using pressure controlled mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia for short and medium duration surgical procedures and compared the oropharyngeal seal pressure in different head and-neck positions.METHODS: Eighty patients in each group had either LTS-D or SLMA for airway management. The patients were recruited in two different institutions. Primary outcome variables were the oropharyngeal seal pressures in neutral, flexion, extension, right and left head-neck position. Secondary outcome variables were time to achieve an effective airway, ease of insertion, number of attempts, maneuvers necessary during insertion, ventilatory parameters, success of gastric tube insertion and incidence of complications.RESULTS: The oropharyngeal seal pressure achieved with the LTS-D was higher than the SLMA in, (extension (p=0.0150) and right position (p=0.0268?? at 60 cm H2O intracuff pressures and nearly significant in neutral position (p = 0.0571). The oropharyngeal seal pressure was significantly higher with the LTS-D during neck extension as compared to SLMA (p= 0.015). Similar oropharyngeal seal pressures were detected in all other positions with each device. The secondary outcomes were comparable between both groups. Patients ventilated with LTS-D had higher incidence of sore throat (p = 0.527). No major complications occurred.CONCLUSIONS: Better oropharyngeal seal pressure was achieved with the LTS-D in head-neck right and extension positions , although it did not appear to have significance in alteration of management using pressure control mechanical ventilation in neutral position. The fiberoptic view was better with the SLMA. The post-operative sore throat incidence was higher in the LTS-D.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02856672 , Unique Protocol ID:BnaiZionMC-16-LG-001, Registered: August 2016.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Airway Management', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Masks', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pharyngitis', 'Posture', 'Pressure', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Suction']
| 27,716,165
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.041'], ['E03.155.197'], ['E05.320'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500.475', 'E02.585.578.475', 'E05.497.578.475', 'E07.700.500.450', 'J01.637.708.560.782.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.748.561', 'C07.550.781', 'C08.730.561', 'C09.775.649'], ['G11.427.695'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['E04.237.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Developmental cognitive genetics: how psychology can inform genetics and vice versa.
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Developmental neuropsychology is concerned with uncovering the underlying basis of developmental disorders such as specific language impairment (SLI), developmental dyslexia, and autistic disorder. Twin and family studies indicate that genetic influences play an important part in the aetiology of all of these disorders, yet progress in identifying genes has been slow. One way forward is to cut loose from conventional clinical criteria for diagnosing disorders and to focus instead on measures of underlying cognitive mechanisms. Psychology can inform genetics by clarifying what the key dimensions are for heritable phenotypes. However, it is not a one-way street. By using genetically informative designs, one can gain insights about causal relationships between different cognitive deficits. For instance, it has been suggested that low-level auditory deficits cause phonological problems in SLI. However, a twin study showed that, although both types of deficit occur in SLI, they have quite different origins, with environmental factors more important for auditory deficit, and genes more important for deficient phonological short-term memory. Another study found that morphosyntactic deficits in SLI are also highly heritable, but have different genetic origins from impairments of phonological short-term memory. A genetic perspective shows that a search for the underlying cause of developmental disorders may be misguided, because they are complex and heterogeneous and are associated with multiple risk factors that only cause serious disability when they occur in combination.
|
['Child', 'Cognition', 'Genetics', 'Humans', 'Interdisciplinary Communication', 'Psychology', 'Twins']
| 16,769,616
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.188'], ['H01.158.273.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205.249', 'L01.143.865.500'], ['F04.096.628'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of E6201 in patients with advanced solid tumours, including melanoma: results of a phase 1 study.
|
BACKGROUND: This phase 1 first-in-human study aimed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities, and safety of E6201, and to establish recommended dosing in patients with advanced solid tumours, expanded to advanced melanoma.METHODS: Part A (dose escalation): sequential cohorts received E6201 intravenously (IV) over 30 min (once-weekly [qw; days (D)1 + 8 + 15 of a 28-day cycle]), starting at 20 mg/m2, increasing to 720 mg/m2 or the MTD. Part B (expansion): patients with BRAF-mutated or wild-type (WT) melanoma received E6201 320 mg/m2 IV over 60 minutes qw (D1 + 8 + 15 of a 28-day cycle) or 160 mg/m2 IV twice-weekly (D1 + 4 + 8 + 11 + 15 + 18 of a 28-day cycle; BRAF-mutated only).RESULTS: MTD in Part A (n = 25) was 320 mg/m2 qw, confirmed in Part B (n = 30). Adverse events included QT prolongation (n = 4) and eye disorders (n = 3). E6201 exposure was dose-related, with PK characterised by extensive distribution and fast elimination. One patient achieved PR during Part A (BRAF-mutated papillary thyroid cancer; 480 mg/m2 qw) and three during Part B (2 BRAF-mutated melanoma; 1 BRAF-WT melanoma; all receiving 320 mg/m2 qw).CONCLUSIONS: An intermittent regimen of E6201 320 mg/m2 IV qw for the first 3 weeks of a 28-day cycle was feasible and reasonably well-tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumours, including melanoma with brain metastases, with evidence of clinical efficacy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Lactones', 'Male', 'Maximum Tolerated Dose', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms']
| 29,867,224
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['D02.540'], ['E05.940.481', 'G07.690.936.625'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A pharmacological approach to cellular mechanisms of PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.
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The aims of this study were as follows: 1. to analyse the effects of drugs with different subcellular mechanisms on the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection in a non acid dependent (ethanol-induced) gastric ulcer model; 2. to identify the affinity and intrinsic activity curves on the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 3. to evaluate the main cellular mechanisms of PGI2-induced gastric mucosal defence. The observations were carried out on both sexes of CFY-strain rats, weighing 180 to 210 g. The gastric mucosal damage was produced by intragastric administration of 96% ethanol. The animals were killed at 1 hr after administration of ethanol, and the number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcers) was noted. Atropine, actinomycin D, cimetidine, mannomustine, dinitrophenol, epinephrine, pentagastrin, histamine, ouabain, tetracycline were given intraperitoneally (in different doses) at 30 min before administration of ethanol. The effects of these drugs were tested on the PGI2-induced (5 micrograms/kg was given intragastrically) gastric cytoprotection. It has been found that: 1. atropine, actinomycin D, cimetidine, epinephrine, ouabain, tetracycline and mannomustine inhibited the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 2. histamine, pentagastrin and 2,4-dinitrophenol enhanced the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 3. the molar concentrations of these drugs modifying the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection differed significantly. It has been concluded that: 1. the drugs stimulating or inhibiting the cell functions are capable to modify the extent of PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 2. different subcellular mechanisms (oxidative phosphorylation, increased synthesis of proteins, ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids, modifications of membrane-bound ATP-dependent energy systems) are involved in the development of PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection.
|
['Animals', 'Drug Synergism', 'Epoprostenol', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stomach Ulcer']
| 2,512,766
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['D02.033.375'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The in vitro effect of paclitaxel on a LacZ-transfected malignant transitional cell line.
|
As bladder cancer is potentially lethal, the development of effective and tolerable therapeutic options is vital. In the present assay, we examined the in vitro effect of paclitaxel (Taxol) on the transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line Hu1703He. Our model has several advantages over other in vitro models. The microenvironment in vivo is mimicked, and the important interaction between benign and malignant cells is consequently preserved in vitro. In addition, the results are not influenced by humoral immune factors. LacZ transfection and exposure to X-gal resulted in blue staining of the tumour cells and made them easy to visualise in sections. Tumour cell aggregates were cultured with continuous paclitaxel exposure to examine the drug's effect on tumour cell migration in monolayer and spheroidal growth in suspension culture. Paclitaxel treatment inhibited both tumour cell migration and spheroidal growth. Invasion was studied by confronting paclitaxel-treated and untreated tumour spheroids with benign bladder fragments in suspension culture. The co-cultures were followed for 4 weeks. Growth of the tumour cells encircling the bladder fragment and cellular infiltration of the bladder stroma were both inhibited by paclitaxel treatment. The expression of MMP-1 in tumour cells was also negatively influenced.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Lac Operon', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Paclitaxel', 'Spheroids, Cellular', 'Transfection', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 16,158,950
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['A11.251.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of heat shock protein 70 in transport-stressed broiler pectoralis major muscle and its relationship with meat quality.
|
Omics research has indicated that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a potential biomarker of meat quality. However, the specific changes and the potential role of HSP70 in postmortem meat quality development need to be further defined. In this study, Arbor Acres broiler chickens (n=126) were randomly categorized into three treatment groups of unstressed control (C), 0.5-h transport (T) and subsequent water shower spray following transport (T/W). Each treatment consisted of six replicates with seven birds each. The birds were transported according to a designed protocol. The pectoralis major (PM) muscles of the transport-stressed broilers were categorized as normal and pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like muscle samples according to L* and pH24 h values to test the expression and location of HSP70. Results revealed that the activities of plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly (P<0.05) in normal and PSE-like muscle samples after transportation. The mRNA expression of HSP70 in normal muscle samples increased significantly (P<0.05) compared with that in the controls after stress. The protein expression of HSP70 increased significantly in normal muscle samples and decreased significantly (P<0.05) in PSE-like muscles. Immuno-fluorescence showed that HSP70 was present in the cytoplasm and on surface membranes of PM muscle cells in the normal samples following stress. Meanwhile, HSP70 was present on the surface membranes and extracellular matrix but was barely visible in the cytoplasm of the PSE-like samples. Principal component analysis showed high correlations between HSP70 and meat quality and stress indicators. In conclusion, this research suggests that the variation in HSP70 expression may provide a novel insight into the pathways underlying meat quality development.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Creatine Kinase', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Male', 'Meat', 'Pectoralis Muscles', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Transportation', 'Water']
| 28,077,200
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['A02.633.567.775'], ['G07.775'], ['J01.937'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cohort study on the factors associated with survival post-cardiac arrest.
|
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiac arrest is a common occurrence, and even with efficient emergency treatment, it is associated with a poor prognosis. Identification of predictors of survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation may provide important information for the healthcare team and family. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the survival of patients treated for cardiac arrest, after a one-year follow-up period.DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study conducted in the emergency department of a Brazilian university hospital.METHODS: The inclusion criterion was that the patients presented cardiac arrest that was treated in the emergency department (n = 285). Data were collected using the In-hospital Utstein Style template. Cox regression was used to determine which variables were associated with the survival rate (with 95% significance level).RESULTS: After one year, the survival rate was low. Among the patients treated, 39.6% experienced a return of spontaneous circulation; 18.6% survived for 24 hours and of these, 5.6% were discharged and 4.5% were alive after one year of follow-up. Patients with pulseless electrical activity were half as likely to survive as patients with ventricular fibrillation. For patients with asystole, the survival rate was 3.5 times lower than that of patients with pulseless electrical activity.CONCLUSIONS: The initial cardiac rhythm was the best predictor of patient survival. Compared with ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity was associated with shorter survival times. In turn, compared with pulseless electrical activity, asystole was associated with an even lower survival rate.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brazil', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 26,760,123
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E02.365.647.110'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diagnostic and therapeutic pleuroscopy. Experience with 127 patients.
|
Experience with 127 pleuroscopies using the mediastinoscope is reviewed. The most frequent indications were pleural effusion (73 patients), pleural involvement by tumor (14), empyema (14), and recurrent pneumothorax (14). Findings were diagnostic in 119 of 127 patients (93.7 percent). Pleural metastases were found in 63 patients, primary pleural or lung tumor in six, nonspecific or tuberculous empyema in 17, emphysematous blebs in 12 and less common findings in the remainder. Pleuroscopy was usefully employed to determine chest wall penetration by a malignant lung tumor in five patients with severely restricted pulmonary reserve. Positive findings helped to avoid unnecessary thoracotomy. There were two minor complications and no deaths. Malignant pleural effusion causing dyspnea was managed successfully by talc insufflation under direct vision in 35 of 39 patients. Talc was also used, with equal success and without complications, in eight patients with recurrent pneumothorax and in two with empyema after evacuation of pus. We conclude that pleuroscopy is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, simple and well tolerated, with the diagnostic yield of over 90 percent and virtually free of complications. It provides the best way of insufflating talc for pleurodesis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Empyema', 'Endoscopes', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Hemothorax', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pleura', 'Pleural Effusion', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Pneumothorax', 'Talc', 'Thoracic Diseases']
| 7,428,455
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.830.305', 'C23.550.470.756.305'], ['E07.230.220', 'E07.858.240'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['C08.528.380', 'C23.550.414.904'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.716', 'A10.615.789.736'], ['C08.528.652'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['C08.528.778'], ['D01.524.500.850', 'D01.578.725.500.800', 'D01.837.725.700.760.535.800'], ['C08.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Emericella nidulans in a maxillary sinus fungal mass.
|
Sexual reproductive stages of fungi are very rarely found within mammalian tissues. We report here coexistence of cleistothecia associated with Emericella nidulans and its conidial state, Aspergillus nidulans, in a fungal mass which developed in a maxillary sinus.
|
['Aged', 'Aspergillosis', 'Aspergillus nidulans', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Maxillary Sinus', 'Sinusitis', 'Spores, Fungal']
| 3,323,452
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.150.703.080'], ['B01.300.381.081.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.531.621.578'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['A11.870.710', 'A19.374.500', 'B05.775.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Late results and economic aspects of the treatment of skin cancer with impulse laser irradiation].
|
The authors analyze results of the treatment of 1261 patients with carcinoma of the skin and recurrent basiliomas arising after other methods of treatment. The patients were observed within the period of from 1 to 11 years. Recurrences were detected in 1.9% of the patients subjected to laser therapy. Great curative and economic efficiency of laser therapy is shown as compared with X-ray therapy and surgical treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Time Factors']
| 6,419,432
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The carboxylesterase family exhibits C-terminal sequence diversity reflecting the presence or absence of endoplasmic-reticulum-retention sequences.
|
Resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen are continuously retrieved from an early Golgi compartment by a receptor-mediated mechanism. The sorting or retention sequence on the endoplasmic reticulum proteins is located at the C-terminus and was initially shown to be the tetrapeptide KDEL in mammalian cells and HDEL in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The carboxylesterases are a large family of enzymes primarily localized to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Retention sequences in these proteins have been difficult to identify due to atypical and heterogeneous C-terminal sequences. Utilizing the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers, we have identified and characterized the C-termini of four members of the carboxylesterase family from rat liver. Three of the carboxylesterases sequences contained C-terminal sequences (HVEL, HNEL or HTEL) resembling the yeast sorting signal which were reported to be non-functional in mammalian cells. A fourth carboxylesterase contained a distinct C-terminal sequence, TEHT. A full-length esterase cDNA clone, terminating in the sequence HVEL, was isolated and was used to assess the retention capabilities of the various esterase C-terminal sequences. This esterase was retained in COS-1 cells, but was secreted when its C-terminal tetrapeptide, HVEL, was deleted. Addition of C-terminal sequences containing HNEL and HTEL resulted in efficient retention. However, the C-terminal sequence containing TEHT was not a functional retention signal. Both HDEL, the authentic yeast retention signal, and KDEL were efficient retention sequences for the esterase. These studies show that some members of the rat liver carboxylesterase family contain novel C-terminal retention sequences that resemble the yeast signal. At least one member of the family does not contain a C-terminal retention signal and probably represents a secretory form.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Carboxylesterase', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Gene Expression', 'Immunosorbent Techniques', 'Liver', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Transfection']
| 1,606,962
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.478.566.380', 'E05.601.470.380'], ['A03.620'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human alveolar macrophages: comparison of phagocytic ability, glucose utilization, and ultrastructure in smokers and nonsmokers.
|
Phagocytic ability, glucose utilization, and ultrastructural morphology were studied in human alveolar macrophages in smokers and nonsmokers. The macrophages were obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage and the studies were carried out in vitro in the absence of smoke. Phagocytic ability was measured as the decrease in the number of viable Staphylococcus albus organisms incubated with the macrophages. Measurements of (14)CO(2) formation from glucose-U-(14)C were made in a resting state. 90-95% of the cells obtained by lavage were large mononuclear macrophages of which approximately 90% remained viable at the end of the experiment. Smokers yielded many more macrophages per lavage (mean 46.4 x 10(6) +/-7.4) compared to the nonsmokers (mean 10.2 x 10(6) +/-2.3). The decline in viable organisms was the same in each group, indicating phagocytic competence of alveolar macrophages removed from smokers. However, the mean glucose utilization for the smokers was 4.3 +/-0.2 mmumoles/10(6) cells and 1.4 +/-0.7 mmumoles/10(6) cells for the nonsmokers. This very significant difference (P < 0.0001) suggests that smokers' macrophages have a higher resting energy requirement than those of nonsmokers. Comparison of the ultrastructural morphology of the alveolar macrophages from each group reveals that the cells from smokers differ from those of nonsmokers in that they are slightly larger, and contain more golgi vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, and residual bodies. The residual bodies in smokers' cells contain distinctive fiber-like inclusions.
|
['Adult', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Color', 'Cough', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Humans', 'Inclusion Bodies', 'Lysosomes', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mitochondria', 'Phagocytosis', 'Plants, Toxic', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Smoking', 'Spirometry', 'Staphylococcus', 'Tobacco']
| 4,319,967
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.420'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.650.660'], ['A04.411.715'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
PGSB PlantsDB: updates to the database framework for comparative plant genome research.
|
PGSB (Plant Genome and Systems Biology: formerly MIPS) PlantsDB (http://pgsb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/plant/index.jsp) is a database framework for the comparative analysis and visualization of plant genome data. The resource has been updated with new data sets and types as well as specialized tools and interfaces to address user demands for intuitive access to complex plant genome data. In its latest incarnation, we have re-worked both the layout and navigation structure and implemented new keyword search options and a new BLAST sequence search functionality. Actively involved in corresponding sequencing consortia, PlantsDB has dedicated special efforts to the integration and visualization of complex triticeae genome data, especially for barley, wheat and rye. We enhanced CrowsNest, a tool to visualize syntenic relationships between genomes, with data from the wheat sub-genome progenitor Aegilops tauschii and added functionality to the PGSB RNASeqExpressionBrowser. GenomeZipper results were integrated for the genomes of barley, rye, wheat and perennial ryegrass and interactive access is granted through PlantsDB interfaces. Data exchange and cross-linking between PlantsDB and other plant genome databases is stimulated by the transPLANT project (http://transplantdb.eu/).
|
['Databases, Genetic', 'Gene Expression', 'Genome, Plant', 'Genomics', 'Hordeum', 'Plants', 'Secale', 'Software', 'Triticum']
| 26,527,721
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['B01.650'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.857'], ['L01.224.900'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical measurement of hearing aid insertion gain.
|
The probe microphone devised by Lauridsen & G?nthersen (1981) was tested in a clinical situation, and the results were compared with those obtained with a miniature electret microphone place in the ear canal (cf. Harford, 1980), and also with those obtained with the eardrum microphone on the acoustic manikin KEMAR. Good agreement was found between all three methods. Investigation of the insertion gain in 82 ears, fitted with hearing aids according to the classical criteria, revealed a reduction in the insertion gain in the higher frequency bands, starting from an average of 2 kHz.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amplifiers, Electronic', 'Ear Canal', 'Female', 'Hearing Aids', 'Hearing Loss', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged']
| 7,178,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.305.061'], ['A09.246.272.396'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of vitamin E-coated dialysis membranes on anemia, nutrition and dyslipidemia status in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: This was controversial whether vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy was beneficial for the complications associated with hemodialysis. Therefore, we performed this systematic review to evaluate the effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer.METHODS: Related trials were searched from multiple electronic databases. We conducted meta-analysis to assess changes in the predefined outcomes using RevMan 5.3 software.RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy could decrease erythropoietin (EPO) resistance index (SMD, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.01; p = 0.04). However, pooled-analysis showed vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy could not decrease weekly EPO dose (SMD, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.32 to 0.09; p = 0.28) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery (MD, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.01; p = 0.09), and vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy did not improve the serum hemoglobin (MD, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.18 to 0.13; p = 0.74), albumin levels (SMD, -0.64; 95% CI, -1.62 to 0.34; p = 0.2), in addition, there was no significant difference in serum cholesterol (SMD, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.45 to 0.31; p = 0.71), triglycerides (MD, -2.77; 95% CI, -32.42 to 26.87; p = 0.85), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD, 0.24; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.62; p = 0.22) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (SMD, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.38 to 0.37; p = 0.98) levels.CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer may reduce the EPO resistance, but there is no conclusive evidence that vitamin E-coated dialyzer can improve the renal anemia, malnutrition, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, high-quality trials with hard clinical endpoints are required to fully elucidate the clinical value of vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy.
|
['Anemia', 'Antioxidants', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Nutritional Status', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Vitamin E']
| 25,585,953
|
[['C15.378.071'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of glucocorticoids on the anxiolytic efficacy of buspirone.
|
RATIONALE: The serotonergic system and the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenocortical axis reciprocally influence each other. Therefore, the interaction between stress and serotonergic anxiolytics should be of major concern for both laboratory investigations and clinical treatment.OBJECTIVES: We have studied the effects of the serotonergic anxiolytic buspirone in rats in which basal levels of glucocorticoids were low and stable, while acute stress reactions were inhibited or exogenously induced.METHODS: Rats were adrenalectomised. Subcutaneous corticosterone pellets maintained basal glucocorticoid concentrations while acute changes were mimicked by corticosterone injections. Anxiety was assessed by the social interaction test. Temporal changes were evaluated by submitting rats to the same manipulations three times at two-day intervals.RESULTS: Buspirone applied to animals with stable and low plasma glucocorticoid concentrations induced a dramatic increase in social interactions. A slight locomotor suppressive effect was also noticed. The effects of buspirone proved to be stable over time in these animals. Acute treatment with corticosterone doubled the locomotor suppressive effects of buspirone and reversed its anxiolytic effects: the buspirone-corticosterone combination was anxiogenic after the first application. During the second and third treatment, the impact of corticosterone on buspirone efficacy gradually decreased, but the combined treatment remained about half as effective in reducing anxiety as buspirone alone.
|
['Adrenalectomy', 'Animals', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Anxiety', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Buspirone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 11,605,098
|
[['E04.270.115'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D02.455.426.779.120', 'D03.383.606.210', 'D03.383.742.120', 'D04.711.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Response of [Ah] battery genes to compounds that protect against menadione toxicity.
|
We have studied the response of genes in the dioxin-inducible [Ah] battery to three compounds that protect mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa-1c7c7 wild-type, wt) against menadione toxicity. Pretreatment of wt cells with 25 microM 5,10-dihydroindenol[1,2-b]indole (DHII), 25 microM tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHO) or 10 microM menadione itself, generated substantial protection against toxicity produced by subsequent menadione exposure. The gene response was examined in wt cells, and three mutant lines: CYP1A1 metabolism-deficient (c37 or P1-); nuclear translocation-impaired (c4 or nt-); and AHR-deficient (c2 or r-, containing < 10% of normal functional receptor levels). DHII treatment of wt cells for 12 hr markedly elevated the enzyme activities and mRNA levels of genes in the [Ah] battery: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (Cyp1a1), NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase (Nmol), cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3 (Ahd4), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase form 1*06 (Ugt1*06). Treatment of the c4 and c2 cells with DHII failed to induce mRNA levels of the genes, indicating that induction of the [Ah] gene battery by DHII is aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated. On the other hand, neither tBHO nor menadione caused increases in CYPlAl mRNA, but tBHQ significantly enhanced the NMO1, AHD4, and UGT1*06 mRNA levels in all three mutant cell lines. In conclusion, we expect one or more putative electrophile response elements (EpRE), previously found in the regulatory regions of the murine Nmol, Ahd4, and ugt1*06 genes, to be functional in responding to phenolic antioxidants.
|
['Aldehyde Dehydrogenase', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Hydroquinones', 'Indoles', 'Mice', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'Oxidoreductases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Vitamin K']
| 8,615,869
|
[['D08.811.682.657.163.249'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D08.244.453.005.443', 'D08.244.453.100.750', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.443', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.750', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.443', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.750'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.393'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.260.643.715', 'D12.776.826.209.715', 'D12.776.930.760'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721.374', 'D02.455.849.291.523.500', 'D04.615.638.721.374']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors associated with success of market authorisation applications for pharmaceutical drugs submitted to the European Medicines Agency.
|
PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with success of Market Authorisation Applications (MAAs) for pharmaceutical drugs submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA), with an emphasis on the Scientific Advice (SA) given by the Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP).METHODS: MAAs with a CHMP decision (outcome) between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2007 were included in the analysis. Factors evaluated were: company size, orphan drug (OD) status, product type, existence of SA, compliance with SA, therapeutic area and year of outcome. Compliance with SA was retrospectively assessed with reference to three critical clinical variables in pivotal studies: choice of primary endpoint, selection of control and statistical methods.RESULTS: Of 188 MAAs with an outcome, 137 (72.9%) were approved, whereas 51 (27.1%) were not approved or were withdrawn by the company. In the simple logistic regression analysis, company size [odds ratio (OR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92; 4.56, p < 0.0001) was positively correlated with a positive outcome, whereas OD status (OD vs. non-OD: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19; 0.77, p = 0.0067) was negatively correlated. A total of 59 (31.4%) MAAs had obtained SA related to one or more of the three critical variables. Thirty-nine of these were assessed as being compliant with SA. Obtaining an SA per se was not associated with outcome (SA vs. no-SA: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.49; 1.88, p = 0.92), but complying with SA was significantly associated with positive outcome (compliant with SA vs. no-SA: OR 14.71, 95% CI 1.95; 111.2; non-compliant with SA vs. no-SA: OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.06; 0.47, p < 0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that company size and SA compliance were independent predictors of outcome. The proportion of the MAAs that had received SA increased from 22% in 2004 to 47% in 2007. Company size and product type were associated with the frequency of requesting SA (26, 33 and 46% for small, medium-sized and large companies, respectively; 16, 39 and 48% for known chemical substances, new chemical substances and biologics, respectively). Factors related to compliance with SA were company size and OD status (25, 60 and 84% for small, medium-sized, and large companies, respectively; 77 and 38% for non-OD and OD status, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: The strong association between company size and outcome suggests that resources and experience in drug development and obtaining regulatory approval are critical factors for a successful MAA. In addition, obtaining and complying with SA appears to be a predictor of outcome. Based on this analysis, companies, particularly smaller ones and those developing orphan drugs, are recommended to engage in a dialogue with European regulators via the SA procedure. Obtaining SA early in development and at major transition points as well as compliance with the advice given by the CHMP are recommended.
|
['Advisory Committees', 'Drug Approval', 'Drug Industry', 'Europe', 'Government Agencies', 'Humans', 'Legislation, Drug', 'Marketing', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations']
| 19,936,724
|
[['N03.706.742.500'], ['E05.290.250', 'E05.337.300', 'I01.880.604.605.250.250'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.409.418', 'N03.540.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.605', 'N03.706.615.402'], ['J01.219.687'], ['D26']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Removal of volatile gasoline compounds by indoor potted plants studied by pixel-based fingerprinting analysis.
|
Indoor potted plants are able to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) from air, but only few studies have investigated the removal of compounds in mixtures. Here, we present a non-targeted pixel-based fingerprinting analysis documenting the removal of a complex mixture of gasoline VOCs by Hedera helix under dynamic chamber conditions allowing for air exchange and continuous gasoline exposure. For 15 days, the entire potted plant was exposed to gasoline; subsequently, the epigeous plant parts were removed and the soil microcosm (i.e. soil, plant roots and microorganisms) was exposed to gasoline for another eight days. Quantitative analysis was performed for heptane, 3-methylhexane, toluene, ethylbenzene and m,p-xylenes, and the CHEMSIC method (CHEMometric analysis of Selected Ion Chromatograms) was used for non-targeted pixel-based fingerprinting analysis. The quantitative analysis demonstrated that the presence of potted plants or pots without epigeous plant parts led to a reduction of selected VOCs by 16.7-22.6%. The CHEMSIC method confirmed this and revealed that all gasoline VOCs were reduced in concentration when H. helix was present. The estimate for the total VOC removal was in the range of 11-32%. The removal was highest for samples where the epigeous plant parts were absent and compounds known to be hard to degrade by microorganisms such as dimethylcyclopentanes were removed the least compared to compounds more easily degraded by microorganisms such as heptane when epigeous plant parts were removed. All findings support the conclusion that the soil microcosm was the main responsible for the removal of VOCs.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Air Pollution, Indoor', 'Benzene Derivatives', 'Gasoline', 'Plants', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Volatile Organic Compounds']
| 30,640,005
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.100.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.389'], ['D20.345.630.540', 'N06.230.132.258.630.540'], ['B01.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D02.974']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endotoxin induces late increase in the production of pulmonary proinflammatory cytokines in murine lupus-like pristane-primed model [corrected].
|
Lupus-like syndrome is characterized by multiple organ injuries including lungs and kidneys. Endotoxin induces a transiently intent systemic inflammatory response and indirectly transient acute lung injury in normal condition. However, whether endotoxin may trigger the persistent development of lung injury in chronic, inflammatory lupus-like syndrome compared with normal condition remains unclear. We examined the pulmonary vascular permeability and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma, which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of lupus-like tissue injury, 6 h and 72 h after i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) injection in pristane-primed chronic inflammation ICR mice characterized by a lupus-like syndrome. These results demonstrated that levels of serum IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-6 and IFN-gamma were remarkably increased 6 h in LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with pristane-primed controls, while pulmonary vascular permeability and levels of serum and BAL TNF-alpha were not. And levels of BAL TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly enhanced 72 h in LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with pristane-primed controls. Also, LPS significantly induced the increased in vitro production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 by lung cells obtained from LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with LPS-exposed normal mice. Our findings indicate that LPS may trigger persistent progression of lung injury through late overproduction of BAL TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 in lupus-like chronic inflammation syndrome compared with normal condition.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endotoxins', 'Female', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lung', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Terpenes', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 16,681,036
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A04.411'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D02.455.849'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The oncoproteins c-erb-B2, c-fos and the tumour suppressor protein p53 in human embryos and fetuses.
|
Oncoproteins and tumour-suppressor proteins are thought to possess an antagonistic function in the regulation of growth and differentiation processes during embryonic and fetal development. In contrast, in the adult, tumour growth is associated with the overexpression of oncoproteins or the malfunction of tumour-suppressor proteins. We examined the occurrence of the tumour proteins c-erb-B2 and c-fos and the tumour-suppressor protein p53 in 17 human embryos and fetuses with the help of immunohistochemistry. C-erb-B2 was detected mainly in embryonic tissue that are not known for c-erb-B2-overexpression in tumours in the adult. In contrast, c-fos was almost always located in fetal tissues corresponding to its location in adult tumours. Staining for p53 was found in a wide variety of embryonic and fetal tissues. C-erb-B2 and p53 were localized in the same tissue structures of the developing skin, heart and muscle. In other tissues, e.g. muscle and bone, c-fos was found together with p53, suggesting an antagonistic action of these proliferative and antiproliferative factors. Furthermore, c-erb-B2. c-fos and p53 appear to be important for growth and differentiation processes in human development as the occurrence of these proteins was not only restricted to specific tissues but also to specific stages of development of these tissues.
|
['Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Muscles', 'Pregnancy', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Skin', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 9,108,200
|
[['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['A17.815'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cigarette smoke-induced failure of apoptosis resulting in enhanced neoplastic transformation in human bronchial epithelial cells.
|
The lack of apoptotic pathways may lead to undesirable cell survival and proliferation, which are recognized hallmarks of cancer. It is well known that exposure to cigarette smoke induces DNA lesions in pulmonary cells. At present, it is not fully elucidated whether these lesions are repaired to restore normal functions or induce apoptosis. In order to examine the role of apoptosis in smoking-induced effects, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were exposed to cigarette smoke and examined for parameters associated with apoptosis and neoplastic transformation. Our results indicated a significant reduction in apoptosis and enhanced neoplastic transformation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential Äøm of mitochondria compared to control cells. Time-course experiments revealed increased aberrant methylation of CpG islands of RAS-associated domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) and O (6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). The activities were downregulated and repair of DNA adducts was inhibited. Our observations suggested that although cigarette smoke-induced damage in BEAS-2B cells after chronic exposure is not necessarily lethal, as evidenced by cell viability, the protein expression levels of caspase-3 showed a decrease in the S20 passage (metaphase) but subsequently increased from S30 to S40 (anaphase). Survivin expression was significantly changed in S5 cells, and this rise was maintained until S40. Our data suggest that the potency of cigarettes as carcinogens may be due to their ability to induce aberrant gene expression and failure to trigger apoptosis leads to subsequent neoplastic transformation.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bronchi', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neoplasms', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Smoking']
| 22,757,675
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A04.411.125'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C04'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The carboxyl terminus of type VII collagen mediates antiparallel dimer formation and constitutes a new antigenic epitope for epidermolysis Bullosa acquisita autoantibodies.
|
Type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils, consists of a central collagenous triple-helical domain flanked by two noncollagenous domains, NC1 and NC2. The NC2 domain has been implicated in catalyzing the antiparallel dimer formation of type VII procollagen. In this study, we produced the entire 161 amino acids of the NC2 domain plus 186 amino acids of adjacent collagenous domain (NC2/COL) and purified large quantities of the recombinant NC2/COL protein. Recombinant NC2/COL readily formed disulfide-bonded hexamers, each representing one antiparallel dimer of collagen VII. Removal of the collagenous helical domain from NC2/COL by collagenase digestion abolished the antiparallel dimer formation. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that mutation of either cysteine 2802 or cysteine 2804 alone within the NC2 domain blocked antiparallel dimer formation. In contrast, a single cysteine mutation, 2634, within the collagenous helical domain had no effect. A generated methionine to lysine substitution, M2798K, that is associated with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, was unable to form antiparallel dimers. Furthermore, autoantibodies from epidermolysis bullosa acquisita patients also reacted with NC2/COL. We conclude that NC2 and its adjacent collagenous segment mediate antiparallel dimer formation of collagen VII. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita autoantibodies bound to this domain may destabilize anchoring fibrils by interfering with antiparallel dimer assembly leading to epidermal-dermal disadherence.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Autoantibodies', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Cell Line', 'Collagen', 'Dimerization', 'Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita', 'Epitopes', 'Humans', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Procollagen', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transfection']
| 11,274,208
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['C16.131.831.493.080', 'C17.800.804.493.080', 'C17.800.827.275.080', 'C17.800.865.410.080'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.811.690', 'D12.776.860.300.250.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Apicoplast fatty acid synthesis is essential for organelle biogenesis and parasite survival in Toxoplasma gondii.
|
Apicomplexan parasites are the cause of numerous important human diseases including malaria and AIDS-associated opportunistic infections. Drug treatment for these diseases is not satisfactory and is threatened by resistance. The discovery of the apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle, presents drug targets unique to these parasites. The apicoplast-localized fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) pathway, a metabolic process fundamentally divergent from the analogous FAS I pathway in humans, represents one such target. However, the specific biological roles of apicoplast FAS II remain elusive. Furthermore, the parasite genome encodes additional and potentially redundant pathways for the synthesis of fatty acids. We have constructed a conditional null mutant of acyl carrier protein, a central component of the FAS II pathway in Toxoplasma gondii. Loss of FAS II severely compromises parasite growth in culture. We show FAS II to be required for the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, an important source of the metabolic precursor acetyl-CoA. Interestingly, acyl carrier protein knockout also leads to defects in apicoplast biogenesis and a consequent loss of the organelle. Most importantly, in vivo knockdown of apicoplast FAS II in a mouse model results in cure from a lethal challenge infection. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a direct link between apicoplast FAS II functions and parasite survival and pathogenesis. Our genetic model also offers a platform to dissect the integration of the apicoplast into parasite metabolism, especially its postulated interaction with the mitochondrion.
|
['Acetates', 'Acetyltransferases', 'Acyl Carrier Protein', 'Animals', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Chloroplasts', 'Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Targeting', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Mutant Proteins', 'Parasites', 'Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex', 'Tetracycline', 'Toxoplasma', 'Virulence']
| 16,920,791
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['D12.776.157.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D05.500.562.444', 'D08.811.277.352.897.387.200', 'D08.811.520.241.300.287.200', 'D08.811.600.354', 'D08.811.682.047.820.196.500.200', 'D08.811.913.050.134.029.500.200', 'D08.811.913.050.170.500.200'], ['D10.251'], ['G05.308'], ['E05.393.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['D12.776.602'], ['B01.050.500.714'], ['D05.500.562.625', 'D08.811.600.741'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pediatric medial epicondyle fractures with intra-articular elbow incarceration.
|
BACKGROUND: Intra-articular incarceration of the epicondylar fragment occurs in 5-18 % of all cases of medial epicondyle fracture. It requires stable fixation to allow early motion, since elbow stiffness is the most common complication following medial epicondyle fracture. In this retrospective study, we report the clinical and functional outcomes and the complications that occurred following open reduction and screw fixation of medial epicondyle fractures with intra-articular fragment incarceration.METHODS: Thirteen children who had a fracture of the medial epicondyle with incarceration of the fragment in the elbow joint (type III) were surgically treated in our university hospital between 1998 and 2012. There were eight male and five female patients. The mean age at the time of injury was 13 years (range 9-16). Operative treatment consisted of open reduction and internal fixation with one or two 4.0-mm cannulated screws under fluoroscopic control.RESULTS: All of the patients were clinically reviewed at an average follow-up of 29 months. The overall range of motion limitation was about 5° for flexion-extension and 2° for pronation-supination. The score was excellent in all patients (mean 96.3). Complications occurred in four (31 %) children: two cases of symptomatic screw head prominence, irritation with partial lesion of the distal triceps myotendinous junction in one patient, and median nerve entrapment syndrome in one patient.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, open reduction and screw fixation yielded excellent clinical and functional outcomes for the treatment of medial epicondyle fractures with intra-articular fragment incarceration. However, particular attention is should be paid when treating these potentially serious injuries in order to minimize the risk of possible complications.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bone Screws', 'Child', 'Elbow Joint', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Humeral Fractures', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,062,665
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A02.835.583.290'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.088.390', 'C26.404.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Fournier's gangrene on ischial pressure ulcer: use of vacuum-assisted closure and therapeutic strategy].
|
Vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) was used in two paraplegic patients with Fournier's gangrene in a context of ischial pressure ulcer This type of dressing facilitated preparation of reconstruction.
|
['Adult', 'Fournier Gangrene', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy', 'Paraplegia', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures']
| 17,969,807
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.252.377', 'C12.294.229'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.309.610', 'E04.237.444', 'E04.987.550'], ['C10.597.622.669', 'C23.888.592.636.637'], ['E04.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Investigations of step-growth thiol-ene polymerizations for novel dental restoratives.
|
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this work was to investigate the feasibility of formulating novel dental restorative materials that utilize a step-growth thiol-ene photopolymerization. Particularly, we are aiming to significantly reduce the polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress while retaining adequate physical properties as compared to current dimethacrylatre-based systems.METHODS: The thiol-ene system is composed of a 4:3 molar mixture of triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TATATO) and pentaerythritol tetramercaptopropionate (PETMP). The simultaneous measurement of shrinkage stress and functional group conversion was performed. Solvent extraction of unreacted monomers and dynamic mechanical analysis on the polymer networks that were formed were also studied. Flexural strength was measured for both filled and unfilled PETMP/TATATO and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA systems.RESULTS: Photopolymerization of PETMP/TATATO occurs at a much higher rate, with the maximum polymerization rate six times faster, than Bis-GMA/TEGDMA cured under the identical conditions. The results from the simultaneous measurement of shrinkage stress and conversion showed that the onset of shrinkage stress coincides with the delayed gel point conversion, which is predicted to be 41% for the 3:4 stoichiometric PETMP/TATATO resin composition. The maximum shrinkage stress developed for PETMP/TATATO was about 0.4 MPa, which was only approximately 14% of the maximum shrinkage stress of the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA system. Adequate flexural strength and flexural modulus values were obtained for both filled and unfilled PETMP/TATATO systems.SIGNIFICANCE: The dramatically reduced shrinkage stress, increased polymerization rate, significance increased functional group conversion, and decreased leachable species are all benefits for the use-of thiol-ene systems as potential dental restorative materials.
|
['3-Mercaptopropionic Acid', 'Allyl Compounds', 'Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Materials', 'Elasticity', 'Ethers', 'Ethylene Glycols', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Pliability', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polymers', 'Polymethacrylic Acids', 'Propylene Glycols', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Surface Properties', 'Time Factors', 'Triazines', 'Vinyl Compounds']
| 16,046,231
|
[['D02.241.081.751.080', 'D02.886.489.520'], ['D02.455.326.271.122'], ['D02.241.081.069.600.150', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.100', 'D05.750.716.822.308.200', 'D25.339.816.500.200', 'D25.720.716.822.308.200', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.200', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.200'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['G01.374.590'], ['D02.355'], ['D02.033.455.250'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['G01.374.705'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650'], ['D02.033.455.706'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D02.886.489'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D03.383.931'], ['D02.455.326.271.884']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Outcomes of endovascular management for complicated chronic type B aortic dissection: effect of the extent of stent graft coverage and anatomic properties of aortic dissection.
|
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of the extent of stent graft coverage and anatomic properties of aortic dissection on the outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for complicated chronic type B aortic dissection (CCBAD) in terms of survival, reintervention, and false lumen thrombosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 71 patients who underwent TEVAR for CCBAD. Mean patient age was 54.7 years. Distal extent of stent graft coverage was categorized as short (? T7) or long (? T8) coverage. Indications of reintervention were categorized into three groups: proximal, alongside, and distal according to the anatomic relationship of the culprit lesion and the stent graft. Overall survival, reintervention-free survival, and extent of false lumen thrombosis were compared.RESULTS: The technical success rate was 97.2%. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.1%, 88.9%, and 88.9%, and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year reintervention-free survival rates were 80.7%, 73.8%, and 60.6%. There were no differences in overall survival, reintervention-free survival rates, and extent of false lumen thrombosis between the groups. In the short coverage group, distal reintervention was more frequent in patients with an abdominal aortic diameter ? 37 mm compared with patients with an abdominal aortic diameter < 37 mm (P = .005).CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR was effective for CCBAD with a high technical success rate and low mortality. The extent of stent graft coverage did not make a difference in terms of survival and false lumen thrombosis. Reinterventions were more frequently performed in patients with a large baseline abdominal aortic diameter who were treated with short stent graft coverage, and so longer coverage is recommended in such patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Chronic Disease', 'Comorbidity', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prevalence', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,932,416
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['E07.695.110'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Determination of the major dimensions of femoral implants using morphometrical data and principal component analysis.
|
This paper describes the work that leads to the establishment of a set of major parameters for the design of symmetrical prosthetic implants for the Asian population. In the study, 62 sets of femurs harvested from cadavers were used. The morphometrical data obtained are compared with known results and found to be in good agreement with Asian knees. Subsequently, the data are treated and analysed using the principal component analysis, a statistical technique for analysing multivariate data. The analysis has resulted in the establishment of the major design parameters for six different sizes of femoral implants. Details of the analysis are presented. The major parameters obtained in this work are compared with those of existing implants. Results of the comparison are presented. The relationship between the anterio-posterior and medio-lateral dimensions is also examined and reported.
|
['Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cadaver', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 10,902,444
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lack of intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in family members of children with chronic hepatitis c infection.
|
Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was studied in family members of 44 children with chronic hepatitis C infection (index cases). There were 22 males and the mean age of all patients was 9.5 years (range, 1.5 to 16 years). Eleven index patients were multitransfused because of thalassemia major. Aminotransferase serum concentrations and anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated in 77 parents (38 fathers) and 56 siblings (28 males; mean age, 11.2 years; range, 2.5 to 18 years). No sibling showed evidence of liver disease or HCV infection. Eight parents (14%) were found to be anti-HCV positive, but only one of them acquired HCV infection from an index case through an accidental needle stick injury. A nonsexual person-to-person transmission of HCV was conceivable only in a girl (index case) who had no risk factor other than the contact with anti-HCV-positive father. Vertical transmission played a role in five children (index cases) (three males) from five different mothers. Among the eight children belonging to these mothers, three did not show evidence of HCV infection although born after their HCV-infected siblings. Furthermore, we have not identified factors related to activity of disease or to duration of contact with index cases or to peculiar features of family members capable of favoring the spreading of HCV infection. Different from hepatitis b, pediatric age does not seem to represent a reservoir for HCV infection since the majority of children acquired HCV infection through parenteral routes and no HCV-infected child transmitted HCV infection horizontally.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Male', 'Risk Factors']
| 7,854,888
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.335'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['C06.552.380.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Telemedicine Use for Movement Disorders: A Global Survey.
|
BACKGROUND: Telemedicine is increasingly used to care for patients with movement disorders, but data regarding its global use are limited.INTRODUCTION: To obtain baseline international data about telemedicine use among movement disorder clinicians.METHODS: An online survey was sent to all 6,056 Movement Disorder Society members in 2015. Scope, reimbursement, and perceived quality of telemedicine were assessed.RESULTS: There were 549 respondents (9.1% overall response rate) from 83 countries. Most (85.8%) were physicians, and most (70.9%) worked in an academic or university practice. Half of respondents (n = 287, from 57 countries) used telemedicine for clinical care; activities included e-mail (63.2%), video visits (follow-up [39.7%] and new [35.2%]), and video-based education (35.2%). One hundred five respondents personally conducted video visits, most frequently to outpatient clinics (53.5%), patient homes (30.8%), and hospital inpatients (30.3%). The most common challenges were a limited neurological examination (58.9%) and technological difficulties (53.3%), and the most common benefits were reduced travel time (92.9%) and patient costs (60.1%). The most frequent reimbursements were none (39.0%), public insurance (24.5%), and patient payment (9.3%). Half of respondents planned to use telemedicine in the future, and three-quarters were interested in telemedicine education.CONCLUSIONS: More than 250 respondents around the world engage in telemedicine for movement disorders; most perceived benefit for patients, despite challenges and reimbursement for clinicians. Formal instruction on telemedicine is highly desired. Although the survey response was low and possibly biased to over represent those with telemedicine experience, the study provides baseline data for future comparison and to improve telemedicine delivery.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Electronic Mail', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'Movement Disorders', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Telemedicine', 'Videoconferencing']
| 29,565,764
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['L01.178.847.249', 'L01.559.423.906.377.333'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['C10.228.662'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['L01.178.847.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Relationship between the expression of the extracellular matrix genes SPARC, SPP1, FN1, ITGA5 and ITGAV and clinicopathological parameters of tumor progression and colorectal cancer dissemination.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) genes SPARC, SPP1, FN1, ITGA5 and ITGAV and the histopathologic parameters of neoplastic progression and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) dissemination.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 114 patients with stage I-IV CRC who underwent primary tumor resection. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed in samples obtained from the primary tumors. The correlation between the expression of these markers and the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor was assessed with the Spearman coefficient (r).RESULTS: The ITGAV gene was found to be significantly amplified in tumors with positive perineural invasion (p = 0.028). Expression of the SPARC, SPP1, FN1, ITGA5 and ITGAV genes did not correlate with TNM staging. A direct relationship between ITGAV and EGFR expression (r = 0.774; p < 0.001) was observed by IHC.CONCLUSIONS: ECM gene expression did not correlate with classical prognostic factors for CRC, but overexpression of the ITGAV gene and protein was correlated with an increased risk of perineural invasion. The relationship between ITGAV and EGFR expression suggests the possibility of crosstalk in this signal pathway.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fibronectins', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Integrin alpha5', 'Integrin alphaV', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Osteonectin', 'Osteopontin', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'Young Adult']
| 23,128,103
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.900'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.157.125.715', 'D12.776.395.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.625', 'D12.776.395.700.837', 'D12.776.467.374.625', 'D12.776.860.300.762', 'D23.529.374.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620'], ['E01.789'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.588.570.850'], ['D12.776.624.776'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Infective endocarditis in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis: A 21-year observational cohort study in Denmark.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic hemodialysis is a risk factor for invasive bacterial infections. We conducted a nationwide study of risk and mortality of infective endocarditis (IE) among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.METHODS: In this observational cohort study, patients with end-stage renal disease who initiated hemodialysis in Denmark during 1990 to 2010 were matched on age, gender, and municipality with up to 19 population controls. We extracted information on first admissions with IE, comorbidity, and arteriovenous fistula surgery from medical administrative databases. Incidence rates (IRs) of IE were compared between patients undergoing hemodialysis and population controls using Poisson regression. Risk factors for IE were assessed by Cox regression.RESULTS: IE was diagnosed in 150 of 9392 patients undergoing hemodialysis (IR: 6.83 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 5.82-8.01) and 250 of 176,369 population controls (IR: 0.18 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI; 0.16-0.20) yielding an incidence rate-ratio of 38.1 (95% CI; 31.2-46.7). Among patients undergoing hemodialysis, absence of arteriovenous fistula surgery was associated with increased risk of IE (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57; 95% CI; 1.09-2.27) after adjusting for age, sex, valvular disease, diabetes and period of first hemodialysis. Age ?70 years was associated with a lower risk of IE (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.37-0.93). The 90-day all-cause mortality following diagnose of IE was 27% (95% CI; 20-35) for patients undergoing hemodialysis and 23% (95% CI; 18-29) for controls.CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing hemodialysis have markedly elevated risk of IE compared to the general population. Future challenges will be to develop strategies to prevent IE, to reduce IE-related morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Denmark', 'Endocarditis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Factors']
| 27,914,498
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035.087', 'E04.100.814.868.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['C14.280.282'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Associations between perceived crisis mode work climate and poor information exchange within hospitals.
|
BACKGROUND: Because hospital units operating in crisis mode could create unsafe transitions of care due to miscommunication, our objective was to estimate associations between perceived crisis mode work climate and patient information exchange problems within hospitals.METHODS: Self-reported data from 247,140 hospital staff members across 884 hospitals were obtained from the 2010 Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Presence of a crisis mode work climate was defined as respondents agreeing that the hospital unit in which they work tries to do too much too quickly. Presence of patient information exchange problems was defined as respondents agreeing that problems often occur in exchanging patient information across hospital units. Multivariable ordinal regressions estimated the likelihood of perceived problems in exchanging patient information across hospital units, controlling for perceived levels of crisis mode work climate, skill levels, work climate, and hospital infrastructure.RESULTS: Compared to those disagreeing, hospital staff members agreeing that the hospital unit in which they work tries to do too much too quickly were 1.6 times more likely to perceive problems in exchanging patient information across hospital units (odds ratio: 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.58-1.65).CONCLUSIONS: Hospital staff members perceiving crisis mode work climates within their hospital unit are more likely to perceive problems in exchanging patient information across units, underscoring the need to improve communication during transitions of care.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Crew Resource Management, Healthcare', 'Health Information Exchange', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Patient Safety', 'Perception', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Workload']
| 25,491,237
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N04.590.254'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500.500', 'L01.313.500.500', 'L01.399.500.500'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['F02.463.593'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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