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The developmental course of inattention symptoms predicts academic achievement due to shared genetic aetiology: a longitudinal twin study.
|
Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, in particular inattention symptoms, are associated with academic achievement. However, whether and why the developmental course of inattention symptoms (i.e. systematic decreases or increases of symptoms with age) predicts academic achievement remains unclear. A total of 5634 twin pairs born in the UK were included in the current study. We used latent growth curve modelling to estimate the baseline level and the developmental course of inattention symptoms (assessed at ages 8, 11, 14 and 16 years) and test whether they predicted the General Certificate of Secondary Education scores (GCSE, at age 16 years). We then implemented multivariate twin modelling to determine the role of genetic and environmental factors in explaining the relationship between inattention symptoms and GCSE scores. Increasing inattention symptoms across childhood and adolescence predicted poorer GCSE scores independently of the baseline level of inattention. Genetic factors explained most of this relationship, i.e. genetic factors contributing to individual differences in the developmental course of inattention also influenced GCSE scores. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that genetic factors underlying the developmental course of inattention symptoms across childhood and adolescence also influence academic achievement. This may result from indirect mechanism, whereby genetic factors explain systematic changes in inattention levels with age, which in turn impact academic achievement. The shared genetic aetiology may also suggest common neurobiological processes underlying both the developmental course of inattention symptoms and academic achievement.
|
['Academic Success', 'Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Twins']
| 30,006,673
|
[['I02.399.136.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Energy coupling to periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems: stoichiometry of ATP hydrolysis during transport in vivo.
|
Periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems mediate the accumulation of many diverse substrates in prokaryotic cells. Similar transport systems, including the P-glycoprotein responsible for multidrug resistance in human tumors, are also found in eukaryotes. The mechanism by which energy is coupled to the accumulation of substrate by these transport systems has been controversial. In this paper we demonstrate that ATP hydrolysis occurs in vivo concomitantly with transport. These data strongly suggest that ATP hydrolysis directly energizes substrate accumulation by these transport systems. The apparent stoichiometry is one to two molecules of ATP hydrolyzed per molecule of substrate transported.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Betaine', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Chemotactic Factors', 'Chemotaxis', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Genotype', 'Glycine', 'Hydrolysis', 'Maltose', 'Maltose-Binding Proteins', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Periplasmic Binding Proteins', 'Proline']
| 2,682,642
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D02.092.877.883.077', 'D02.675.276.125'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D23.125'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['G03.295'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.125.481'], ['G02.380'], ['D09.698.365.450', 'D09.698.629.305.523', 'D09.947.750.523'], ['D12.776.097.577.500.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.097.577.500', 'D12.776.157.622'], ['D12.125.072.401.623']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enactment in schizophrenia: capacity for dialogue and the experience of the inability to commit to action.
|
While research has steadily begun to explore thoughts and beliefs linked with helplessness and despair in schizophrenia, it is less clearly understood how to account phenomenologically for the related experience of being unable to commit to action in the midst of grave discomfort. To explore this issue, the current paper presents an analysis of the experience of volitional paralysis of two persons over the course of long-term integrative psychotherapy. In particular, we explore the experience of the inability to commit to action and the consequences of the gradual recovery of a sense that one is capable of action. Results suggest that in both cases inaction was tethered to a sense of self as insufficiently centered to survive action. In particular, we suggest both men appeared initially unable to commit to action because such a commitment threatened them with forces both felt would undo the tenuous conversations that comprised their identities. Finally, as a sense of self as capable of action emerged, both men began to experience themselves as relatively more complex human beings and to sustain more complex conversation within themselves and between themselves and others. Implications for psychotherapy and rehabilitation are discussed.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Attitude to Health', 'Communication', 'Depression', 'Fear', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychotherapy', 'Schizophrenia, Paranoid', 'Social Behavior']
| 16,704,334
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.754'], ['F03.700.750.600'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental and empirical evidence shows that reducing weed control in winter cereal fields is a viable strategy for farmers.
|
Modern agriculture needs a paradigm shift to make the world's food production sustainable while mitigating social and environmental externalities. Although various policies to limit the use of agrochemicals have recently been implemented in the European Union, the use of both herbicides and fertilizers has remained fairly constant. Farmers are assumed to behave optimally, producing the best they can, given the agronomic constraints of their fields. Based on this assumption, reducing agrochemicals should inevitably have negative effects on food production, or reduce farmers' incomes. Coupling empirical analysis based on field surveys and experimental trials where weed management and nitrogen input were manipulated in the same production fields and under real farming conditions, we demonstrate that high use of N fertiliser or intense weed control slightly increase yields, but that this increase is not enough to offset the additional costs incurred by their use. Our experimental design allowed inputs to be varied in a two-factor design, along a gradient spanning from organic to highly intensive farming, while holding all other conditions constant and thus avoiding confounding effects. Quantification of crop yields and gross margins from winter cereal farming showed that reducing dependence on weed management may not hamper cereal production in this system, and is economically profitable at the field level on the short term. Our study thus contributes to addressing a key gap in our economic knowledge, and gives hope for implementing win-win strategies for farmers and the environment.
|
['Agriculture', 'Algorithms', 'Biomass', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Edible Grain', 'Farmers', 'Fertilizers', 'France', 'Geography', 'Herbicides', 'Nitrogen', 'Seasons', 'Weed Control']
| 31,227,731
|
[['J01.040'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['M01.526.390'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['H01.277.500'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['J01.040.947', 'N06.850.780.200.650.925']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity as a possible marker for wound healing: a preliminary report.
|
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the use of extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity as a marker of wound healing.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen 8-week-old Wistar rats, weighing 180 to 220 g and of both sexes, made up the material of this study. Histopathologic aspects of the healing of full-thickness of wounds created on the dorsal skin of these rats were studied by means of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme histochemistry and routine microscopy.RESULTS: The current study showed an exclusive localization of extracellular ALP activity in the regions of granulation tissue formation. This localization was time related, and decreased as healing progressed.CONCLUSIONS: Although the biologic significance of ALP is still obscure, use of extracellular ALP activity as a simple and reliable histochemical process marker of the skin wound healing is proposed.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Wound Healing']
| 8,994,469
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Low-invasive colposuspension in stress enuresis in females].
|
Retropubic colposuspension (RC) is one of leading surgical treatments of stress enuresis in women. A low-traumatic method of RC with application of special surgical instruments is proposed. Retropubic urethrocervicopexy and low-invasive colposuspension were made in 27 and 17 women, respectively. 25 women have undergone endoscopic operations. Postoperative complications were minimal in endoscopic and low-invasive interventions. Long-term results were similar to literature data. Low-invasive colposuspension is an effective and low-traumatic treatment of stress enuresis in women.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures']
| 15,199,817
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.858.700'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500'], ['E04.950.774']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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|
Inhibition of synovitis and joint destruction by a new single domain antibody specific for cyclophilin A in two different mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis.
|
INTRODUCTION: Cyclophilin A (CypA) is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. We studied whether a novel anti-CypA single domain antibody (sdAb) treatment would modulate the severity of the disease in two different animal models of RA.METHODS: A novel sdAb, named sdAbA1, was screened from an immunized camel sdAb library and found to have a high binding affinity (KD = 6.9 ? 10-9 M) for CypA. The SCID-HuRAg model and the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice were used to evaluate the effects of sdAbA1 treatment on inflammation and joint destruction. For in vitro analysis, monocytes/macrophages were purified from synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with RA and were tested for the effect of anti-CypA sdAb on metalloproteinase (MMP) production. Human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells were selected and western blot analyses were performed to examine the potential signaling pathways.RESULTS: In the CIA model of RA, the sdAbA1 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in clinical symptoms as well as of joint damage (P <0.05). In the SCID-HuRAg model, treatment with anti-CypA antibody sdAbA1 significantly reduced cartilage erosion, inflammatory cell numbers and MMP-9 production in the implanted tissues (P <0.05). It also significantly reduced the levels of human inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in mouse serum (P <0.05). No toxic effects were observed in the two animal models. In vitro results showed that sdAbA1 could counteract CypA-dependent MMP-9 secretion and IL-8 production by interfering with the ERK-NF-êB pathway.CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of CypA significantly inhibited synovitis and cartilage/bone erosion in the two tested animal models of RA. Our findings provide evidence that sdAbA1 may be a potential therapeutic agent for RA.
|
['Animals', 'Ankle Joint', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Cyclophilin A', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Monocytes', 'Signal Transduction', 'Single-Domain Antibodies', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance', 'Synovitis']
| 24,314,202
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.399.325.500.400.300.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.900', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.900', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.900', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.897'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700'], ['C05.550.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Evaluation of a new Spin-echo diffusion-weighted sequence on a 0.35 T open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-system: first experiences within 3 h after acute stroke.
|
In acute stroke, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging helps to select patients who are eligible for thrombolysis, but is almost exclusively implemented on closed-bore scanners, which make monitoring of patients difficult. We developed and tested a cardiac gated Spin-echo diffusion-weighted sequence with prescan finetrim and motion correction on an open system with 0.35 T. Nineteen stroke patients appropriate for thrombolytic therapy by clinical criteria were enrolled in a prospective study on an intention-to-treat basis. In all but one patient, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging including the new diffusion-weighted sequence were performed within 3 h after symptom onset. Images were evaluated for acute cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage by two radiologists blinded to clinical information. Magnetic resonance imaging required a mean total acquisition time of 26 min. Sensitivity for early infarction was 94% in diffusion-weighted imaging and 73% in computed tomography. Six patients were excluded from thrombolysis due to an infarct size of more than 1/3 of the territory of the middle cerebral artery exclusively diagnosed with diffusion-weighted imaging. Hemorrhage was recognised by both, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. We conclude that in acute stroke, diffusion-weighted imaging with an open system at 0.35 T is practicable. The implemented sequence reliably demonstrated the size of the infarction and improved the selection of patients who are eligible for thrombolysis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Echo-Planar Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Stroke', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 15,951,998
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparative echocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study of 17 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (author's transl)].
|
Cardiac impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is well known since many years. Degeneration of myocardial fibers and progressive scarring of the left ventricle, especially in the postero-basal and lateral portions, represent the habitual cardiac pathologic features of post-mortem investigations. Nevertheless many questions about etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of "DMD cardiomyopathy" are still debated. Clinical, vectorcardiographic (VCG) and echocardiographic (ECO) data of 17 patients suffering from DMD are here reported. Patients were subdivided in two groups according to age: A) subjects from 4 to 10 yrs. (mean 0.22 +/- 1.82 yrs.), 10 cases; B) subjects from 11 to 20 yrs. (mean 15.2 +/- 2.8 yrs.), 7 cases. Both patients groups were compared with age-matched normal controls (group A1 and B1). Our results show: 1) cardiac clinical symptoms and signs, even if is present in infancy, become more evident in adult age; 2) echocardiogram allows an early diagnosis and accurate follow-up of such cardiac pathology. Group A patients, in comparison with his own control group, exhibited a significant impairment of the left ventricular function indexes (PWE, IVSE, SV, Vcf, EF%, delta S%). Moreover the older group of patients (group B), besides the alteration of the above mentioned indexes, exhibited a significant decrease of the PWT and an impairment of DEVM. This, in agreement with other Authors, gives evidence to the progressive deteriorating of cardiac function in DMD. 3) A significant correlation between ECO and VCG data is lacking. Nevertheless VCG also displays a clear tendency to get worse with age. Vectorcardiographic features well agree with the post-mortem findings of a progressive but scattered myocardial fibrosis with elective localization in postero-basal and lateral (free wall) portions of left ventricle. 4) For the most part, in our patients, cardiological instrumental findings (ECO and VCG) are well in agreement with clinical data and natural history of "DMD cardiomyopathy". The afore said methods of investigation appear very useful in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of such patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscular Dystrophies', 'Vectorcardiography']
| 261,956
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and specific stages of latency in murine trigeminal ganglia.
|
From marker rescue, sequencing, transcript, and latency analyses of the thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus mutant dlsactk and studies using the thymidine kinase inhibitor Ro 31-5140, we infer that the virus-encoded thymidine kinase is required in murine trigeminal ganglia for acute replication and lytic gene expression, for increasing the numbers of cells expressing latency-associated transcripts, and for reactivation from latent infection.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Genes, Viral', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Simplexvirus', 'Thymidine Kinase', 'Trigeminal Ganglion', 'Viral Structural Proteins', 'Virus Latency', 'Virus Replication']
| 8,411,396
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.750'], ['A08.340.390.850', 'A08.800.350.850', 'A08.800.800.120.760.825'], ['D12.776.964.970'], ['G06.920.900'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Transurethral deep desication].
|
With a special plate electrode introduced through a regular resectoscope it is possible to desiccate tissue in a depth of 6 mm. This "deep desiccation" is used especially in transurethral resection of urothelial tumors of the bladder and in the radical resection of carcinoma of the prostate. The indications for partial and total cystectomy should not be influenced by this procedure. The theoretical basis for the method is described.
|
['Electrodes', 'Electrosurgery', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Urethral Neoplasms']
| 7,404,883
|
[['E07.305.250'], ['E04.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['C04.588.945.947.945', 'C12.758.820.937', 'C12.777.767.601', 'C13.351.937.820.890', 'C13.351.968.767.601']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Automatic activation of motor programs by object affordances in patients with Parkinson's disease.
|
Clinical observations of kinesia paradoxica and freezing in patients with Parkinson's disease suggest that the automatic activation of motor programmes by visual stimuli may not require intact basal ganglia function, and that an increased sensitivity to such object affordances may contribute to some symptoms of the disease. Employing a paradigm that measures the degree of interference from object affordances on voluntary actions, we confirm that activation of object affordances are preserved in Parkinson's disease, but find no evidence that there is an increased sensitivity to the effects of object affordances on voluntary action.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Skills', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychophysics', 'Reaction Time']
| 19,616,073
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.808.260'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of pseudomigraine with pleocytosis].
|
We report a case of pseudomigraine with pleocytosis (PMP) characterized by temporary neurological deficits and elevated cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a second episode of right side throbbing headache accompanied by hemianopsia without scintillating scotoma of left side, hand numbness and weakness of left hand. Two months before the admission, she experienced a first identical episode, which lasted several hours. On admission to our hospital, neurological examination showed left hemianopsia, mild left hemiparesis, dysesthesia of left hand, exceeded tendon reflex of left upper limb, stiff-neck and positive Kerning's sign. CSF examination showed mild elevation of mononuclear cell counts. No abnormal findings on brain CT and MRI (including diffusion weighted image) were observed. 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrated extensive hypoperfusion at right cerebral hemisphere, corresponding to her neurological deficits. Her electroencephalography (EEG) showed reduced amplitude on the right occipital area. The reduced amplitude of cortical component of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) by left median nerve stimulation were observed. On the third day after the admission, her symptoms improved and cell count of CSF was normalized. One week after the onset her SEP, EEG and SPECT were normalized on their retrials. She has never recurred these symptoms. We established a diagnosed of psedomigraine with pleocytosis as the first Japanese case.
|
['Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocytosis', 'Migraine Disorders']
| 12,739,386
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.553.475', 'C23.550.526'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chromosomal heteromorphism linked to the mating type locus of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans.
|
The mating type locus of the oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, is embedded in a region of DNA that displays distorted and non-Mendelian segregation. By using DNA probes linked to the mating type locus to genetically and physically characterize that region, a large zone of chromosomal heteromorphism was detected. Locus S1 was shown to represent a tandemly repeated array of DNA that was typically present in a hemizygous state in A1 isolates while being absent from A2 isolates. The analysis of the parents and progeny of seven crosses indicated that the tandem array was linked in cis to the A1-determining allele of the mating type locus. A worldwide survey of genotypically diverse field isolates of P. infestans indicated that S1 was present in each of 48 isolates of the A1 mating type that were tested, but was absent in 46 of 47 A2 strains. Physical analysis of S1 indicated that the tandemly repeated DNA sequence spanned about 300 kb and had evolved from a 1.35-kb monomer. Internal deletions occurred within S1 during sexual propagation. This and other mutations apparently contributed to a high degree of polymorphism within the S1 array.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Fungal', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'DNA Primers', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Genes, Mating Type, Fungal', 'Genetic Markers', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Phytophthora', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid']
| 8,804,388
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.360', 'A19.311', 'G05.360.162.360'], ['E05.393.281'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500.089', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500.089', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500.089'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B01.750.580.715'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuropathological criteria of anti-IgLON5-related tauopathy.
|
We recently reported a novel neurological syndrome characterized by a unique NREM and REM parasomnia with sleep apnea and stridor, accompanied by bulbar dysfunction and specific association with antibodies against the neuronal cell-adhesion protein IgLON5. All patients had the HLA-DRB1*1001 and HLA-DQB1*0501 alleles. Neuropathological findings in two patients revealed a novel tauopathy restricted to neurons and predominantly involving the hypothalamus and tegmentum of the brainstem. The aim of the current study is to describe the neuropathological features of the anti-IgLON5 syndrome and to provide diagnostic levels of certainty based on the presence of associated clinical and immunological data. The brains of six patients were examined and the features required for the neuropathological diagnosis were established by consensus. Additional clinical and immunological criteria were used to define "definite", "probable" and "possible" diagnostic categories. The brains of all patients showed remarkably similar features consistent with a neurodegenerative disease with neuronal loss and gliosis and absence of inflammatory infiltrates. The most relevant finding was the neuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau composed of both three-repeat (3R) and four-repeat (4R) tau isoforms, preferentially involving the hypothalamus, and more severely the tegmental nuclei of the brainstem with a cranio-caudal gradient of severity until the upper cervical cord. A "definite" diagnosis of anti-IgLON5-related tauopathy is established when these neuropathological features are present along with the detection of serum or CSF IgLON5 antibodies. When the antibody status is unknown, a "probable" diagnosis requires neuropathological findings along with a compatible clinical history or confirmation of possession of HLA-DRB1*1001 and HLA-DQB1*0501 alleles. A "possible" diagnosis should be considered in cases with compatible neuropathology but without information about a relevant clinical presentation and immunological status. These criteria should help to identify undiagnosed cases among archival tissue, and will assist future clinicopathological studies of this novel disorder.
|
['Aged', 'Brain', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurons', 'Tauopathies', 'tau Proteins']
| 27,358,064
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C10.574.945'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
ATF-2 has intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity which is modulated by phosphorylation.
|
Transcription factors carry functional domains, which are often physically distinct, for sequence-specific DNA binding, transcriptional activation and regulatory functions. The transcription factor ATF-2 is a DNA-binding protein that binds to cyclic AMP-response elements (CREs), forms a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun, and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. Here we report that ATF-2 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro. Motif A, which is located in the HAT domain, is responsible for the stimulation of CRE-dependent transcription; moreover, in response to ultraviolet irradiation, phosphorylation of ATF-2 is accompanied by enhanced HAT activity of ATF-2 and CRE-dependent transcription. These results indicate that phosphorylation of ATF-2 controls its intrinsic HAT activity and its action on CRE-dependent transcription. ATF-2 may represent a new class of sequence-specific factors, which are able to activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Activating Transcription Factor 2', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Enzyme Activation', 'HeLa Cells', 'Histone Acetyltransferases', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphorylation', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Response Elements', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 10,821,277
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['D12.776.260.108.061.750', 'D12.776.930.127.061.750'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.415.500'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone-II antagonist induces autophagy of prostate cancer cells.
|
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) is known to directly regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. However, the role of GnRH-II in prostate cancer is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of the GnRH-II antagonist trptorelix-1 (Trp-1) on growth of PC3 prostate cancer cells. Trp-1 induced growth inhibition of PC3 cells in vitro and inhibited growth of PC3 cells xenografted into nude mice. FITC-N3, an FITC-conjugated Trp-1 analogue, was largely present in the mitochondria of prostate cancer cells, but not in other cells that are not derived from the prostate. Trp-1-induced PC3 growth inhibition was associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Growth inhibition was partially prevented by cotreating cells with N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation were not detected in Trp-1-treated cells. However, Trp-1 induced autophagosome formation, as seen by increased LysoTracker staining and recruitment of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 to these new lysosomal compartments. Trp-1-induced autophagy was accompanied by decreased AKT phosphorylation and increased c-Jun NH(2) terminal kinase phosphorylation, two events known to be linked to autophagy. Taken together, these data suggest that Trp-1 directly induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS increase, leading to autophagy of prostate cancer cells. GnRH-II antagonists may hold promise in the treatment of prostate cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Autophagy', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytochromes c', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Mitochondria', 'Oligopeptides', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 19,176,390
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.011'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D12.644.456'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrathin frozen sections. I. Methods and ultrastructural preservation.
|
A relatively simple method for obtaining ultrathin, frozen sections for electron microscopy has been developed. Tissues, cultured cells, and bacteria may be employed. They are fixed in 1.25-4% glutaraldehyde for 1-4 hr, are washed overnight in buffer at 3 degrees C, and are embedded in 20% thiolated gelatin or pure gelatin. Before sectioning they are partially dehydrated in 50% glycerol, frozen in liquid nitrogen on a modified tissue holder, and subsequently maintained at -70 degrees C with dry ice. Finally, they are sectioned very rapidly with glass knives on a slightly modified Porter-Blum MT-1 microtome in a commercial deep-freeze maintained at -35 degrees C and are floated in the trough of the knife on a 40% solution of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The sections are picked up in plastic loops and transferred to distilled water at room temperature for thawing and removal of the DMSO, placed on grids coated with Formvar and carbon, air-dried, and stained with phosphotungstic acid, sodium silicotungstate, or a triple stain of osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate, and lead. Large flat sections are obtained in which ultrastructural preservation is good. They are particularly useful for cytochemical studies.
|
['Animals', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Culture Techniques', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Histological Techniques', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microtomy', 'Rats', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 4,167,504
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.481.500'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.530', 'E01.370.225.750.600.530', 'E05.200.500.620.530', 'E05.200.750.600.530'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suppress IL-9 in adjuvant-induced arthritis.
|
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) has been shown to be upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The exact role of IL-9 has not yet been effectively studied. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown a promising immunomodulatory role towards repairing cartilage and restoring joint function. One of the key problems influencing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy is the poor cell survival following transplantation. This is attributed to oxidative and inflammatory stresses at the injured sites. Hesperidin (Hsd), a flavanone present in citrus fruits, has been studied as potential therapeutic agents that have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic paracrine action of bone marrow MSCs on the IL-9 level in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and the enhancement effect of Hsd on transplanted MSCs. Articular tissue inflammation and cartilage damage were assessed by histological scoring. Antinuclear autoantibodies, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á), IL-9, IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN-ä), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-â1), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, were assessed in spleen tissue homogenates after treatment with MSCs either alone or combined with Hsd for 4 weeks in an AIA rat model. Results of this study confirmed that MSCs decreased IL-9 levels in AIA and provide novel insights into the application of Hsd on MSC-based treatments. Highlights Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) is one of the most widely used models that has a great similarity to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Few studies in recent years have estimated IL-9 in rheumatic diseases and it remains an understudied cytokine. For the first time, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has a vital role in splenocytes IL-9 level and further studies are required. Combined therapy of MSCs with antioxidants as hesperidin (Hsd) can alleviate oxidative stress and enhance stem cells immunomodulatory action.
|
['Allografts', 'Animals', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Hesperidin', 'Interleukin-9', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Rats']
| 29,359,591
|
[['A01.941.500'], ['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252.500', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252.500', 'D09.408.386'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.377', 'D12.776.467.374.465.312', 'D23.529.374.465.377'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Priming the holiday spirit: persistent activation due to extraexperimental experiences.
|
The concept of activation is a critical component of many models of cognition. A key characteristic of activation is that recent experience with a concept or stimulus increases the accessibility of the corresponding representation. The extent to which increases in accessibility occur as a result of experiences outside of laboratory settings has not been extensively explored. In the present study, we presented lexical stimuli associated with different holidays and festivities over the course of a year in a lexical decision task. When stimulus meaning and time of testing were congruent (e.g., leprechaun in March), response times were faster and accuracy greater than when meaning and time of test were incongruent (e.g., leprechaun in November). Congruency also benefited performance on a surprise free recall task of the items presented earlier in the lexical decision task. The discussion focuses on potential theoretical accounts of this heightened accessibility of time-of-the-year-relevant concepts.
|
['Achievement', 'Arousal', 'Association Learning', 'Attention', 'Concept Formation', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Cues', 'Decision Making', 'Holidays', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Mental Recall', 'Motivation', 'Reaction Time', 'Seasons', 'Semantics', 'Time Perception', 'Verbal Learning']
| 19,966,266
|
[['F01.658.059', 'F02.784.629.054'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['F01.658.209'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['I03.450.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F02.463.593.857'], ['F02.463.425.952']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
"That's not a beer bong, it's a breast pump!" representations of breastfeeding in prime-time fictional television.
|
Breastfeeding has been recognized as one of the key determinant in one's future health. Yet although most people are aware of the benefits, many women do not breastfeed their babies past the first few months. These low rates can be partially explained by negative cultural attitudes toward breastfeeding, which have been reinforced by media messages. This research explored representations of breastfeeding in entertainment media-an area that has been overlooked. A textual analysis was conducted on 53 fictional television breastfeeding representations, ranging in genre and audience, from Beavis and Butthead to Criminal Minds. Findings indicate that breastfeeding depictions are generally positive, but limited in scope to educated, older, Caucasian women breastfeeding newborns, with little discussion about how to overcome problems. Extended breastfeeding and nursing in public were conveyed as socially unacceptable, making other characters uncomfortable, often within the same storylines that sexualized breasts. While the frequency of representations in recent years was encouraging, the narrow definition of the "normal" nursing experience excluded many types of women and breastfeeding experiences. And, by failing to address breastfeeding challenges and conveying that extended breastfeeding or nursing in public is abnormal or obscene, these depictions reinforce myths about the ease of breastfeeding and may discourage women from breastfeeding past the newborn phase, and outside the privacy of their homes. These portrayals may help explain why breastfeeding has not been "normalized," despite an international consensus that it is the best health choice for babies.
|
['Age Factors', 'Breast Feeding', 'Choice Behavior', 'Culture', 'Humans', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Television', 'Time Factors']
| 22,746,199
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['J01.897.280.500.898', 'L01.178.590.875', 'L01.178.820.090.898', 'L01.178.847.823'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in visceral, hypersensitivity in rats with colonic inflammation].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the spinal dorsal horn in visceral hypersensitivity in rats with colonic inflammation.METHODS: Seventy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Colonic inflammation was induced in the experimental rats by intraluminal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Saline was administered intraluminally in the control rats. After 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of administration, abdominal contractions induced by inflation of a balloon colonically inserted were recorded in rats by implanting electrodes in the abdominal striated muscles. Immunohistochemistry method was used to study the expression of NMDAR1 and NMDAR2A/B in lumbarsacral spinal cord after inflammation.RESULTS: Colonic distension evoked a significant increase of abdominal contractions after 3, 7 and 14 days of TNBS administration. After 28 days of TNBS administration, abdominal contractions were still significantly increased in 2 TNBS-treated rats compared with the control rats. After 7 and 14 days of TNBS administration, NMDAR1 and NMDAR2A/B-immunoreactive cells were significantly increased compared with the control group (P <0.05). Twenty-eight days after TNBS administration, the number of NMDAR1-IR and NMDAR2A/B-IR neurons was still significantly increased in 4 TNBS-treated rats compared with the saline-treated rats (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: NMDAR was involved in the transmission of visceral nociceptive stimuli. After the remission of colonic inflammation, increased expression of NMDAR1 and NMDAR2A/B in the spinal dorsal horn may induce persistent neuronal hyperactivity, which results in visceral hypersensitivity.
|
['Animals', 'Colitis', 'Male', 'Posterior Horn Cells', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid']
| 16,320,576
|
[['B01.050'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['A08.186.854.697.500', 'A08.675.650.675', 'A11.671.650.675'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565.880.880', 'D02.640.529.880.900', 'D02.886.645.600.080.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Focal adhesion kinase and p53 synergistically decrease neuroblastoma cell survival.
|
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and is responsible for over 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is important in many facets of neuroblastoma tumor development and progression. The p53 oncogene, although wild type in most neuroblastomas, lacks significant function as a tumor suppressor in these tumors. Recent reports have found that FAK and p53 interact in some tumor types. We have hypothesized FAK and p53 coordinately control each other's expression and also interact in neuroblastoma. In the present study, we showed that not only do FAK and p53 interact but each one controls the expression of the other. In addition, we also examined the effects of FAK inhibition combined with p53 activation in neuroblastoma and showed that these two, in combination, had a synergistic effect on neuroblastoma cell survival. The findings from this present study help to further our understanding of the regulation of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and may provide novel therapeutic strategies and targets for neuroblastoma and other pediatric solid tumors.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Humans', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 25,862,488
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.049', 'D12.644.360.287', 'D12.776.476.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Response to preoperative chemoradiation in stage II and III rectal cancer.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer patients improves disease control and survival.METHODS: The study reviewed Stage II and III rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation and resected for cure. Complete pathologic response was defined as no cancer in the resected specimen. The main outcome measures were cancer-specific and disease-free survival in patients achieving a complete pathologic response and a noncomplete pathologic response. Kaplan-Meier curves were evaluated using log-rank analysis.RESULTS: Eighty-nine rectal cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection for cure. Twenty-one patients (24 percent) achieved a complete pathologic response. Median follow-up for the complete pathologic response group was 23.5 months and 31 months for the noncomplete pathologic response group. There were more Stage III patients in the noncomplete pathologic response group than the complete pathologic response group (P = 0.005). Complete pathologic response patients were less likely to receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy than noncomplete pathologic response patients (P = 0.004). Cancer-specific and disease-free survival were not statistically different between the two groups. However, a trend was noted toward improved survival and decreased recurrence in association with a complete pathologic response.CONCLUSION: Stage III patients were less likely to be in the complete pathologic response group than Stage II patients. Complete pathologic response patients were less likely to receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy than noncomplete pathologic response patients. Complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer patients demonstrated a trend toward improved survival and decreased recurrence compared with noncomplete pathologic response patients.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Leucovorin', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Postoperative Care', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis']
| 12,972,962
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800.350.450', 'D08.211.840.300.500'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Estimate of serum immunoglobulin G concentration using refractometry with or without caprylic acid fractionation.
|
Objectives of this study were to develop a rapid calf-side test to determine serum IgG concentrations using caprylic acid (CA) fractionation, followed by refractometry of the IgG-rich supernatant and compare the accuracy of this method with results obtained using refractometry using raw serum. Serum samples (n=200) were obtained from 1-d-old calves, frozen (-20°C), and shipped to the laboratory. Samples were allowed to thaw for 1h at room temperature. Fractionation with CA was conducted by adding 1mL of serum to a tube containing 45, 60, or 75µL of CA and 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5mL of 0.06 M acetic acid. The tube contents were mixed well, allowed to react for 1 min, and then centrifuged at 3,300 ? g for 0, 10, or 20 min at 25°C. The %Brix and refractive index of the fractionated supernatant were determined using a digital refractometer. Nonfractionated serum was analyzed for %Brix (BRn), refractive index (nDn), and IgG concentration by radial immunodiffusion. The mean serum IgG concentration was 19.0 mg/mL [standard deviation (SD)=9.7], with a range of 3.5 to 47.0 mg/mL. The mean serum BRn was 8.6 (SD=0.91), with a range of 6.8 to 11.0. The mean serum nDn was 1.34566 (SD=0.00140), with a range of 1.34300 to 1.34930. Serum nDn was positively correlated with IgG concentration (correlation coefficient=0.86; n=185). Fractionated samples treated with 1mL 0.6 M acetic acid and 60µL of CA and not centrifuged before analysis resulted in a strong relationship between the refractive index of the fractionated supernatant and IgG (correlation coefficient=0.80; n=45). Regression was used to determine cut points indicative of 10, 12, and 14 mg of IgG/mL to determine the sensitivity and specificity of refractometry to identify failure of passive transfer (serum IgG <10 mg/mL at 24 h old). The nDn were 1.34414, 1.34448, and 1.34480 to predict 10, 12, and 14 mg of IgG/mL of serum, respectively. The BRn cut points were 7.6, 7.8, and 8.0, respectively. The nDn cut points of 1.34448 and 1.34480 resulted in similar specificities (82.9%), whereas the 1.34414 cut point had a specificity of 60.0%. The BRn cut point of 7.6 and 7.8%Brix resulted in a similar percentage of correctly classified samples (89.7 and 90.8%, respectively); however, the 7.8% Brix cut point resulted in fewer false positives. These results suggest that Brix refractometry of nonfractionated calf serum provides a strong estimate of IgG concentration and 7.8% Brix may be used as the cut point to identify failure of passive transfer in 1-d-old calves.
|
['Acetic Acid', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Caprylates', 'Cattle', 'Centrifugation', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Colostrum', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Immunodiffusion', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Refractometry']
| 23,664,346
|
[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.181'], ['E05.196.155'], ['A12.200.194'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E05.196.808', 'H01.671.617.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A prospective, randomized comparison of interpleural and paravertebral analgesia in thoracic surgery.
|
We have undertaken a prospective, randomized comparison of the superficially similar techniques of interpleural and paravertebral (extrapleural) analgesia in 53 patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy. Local anaesthetic placed anterior to the superior costotransverse ligament and posterior to the parietal pleura produces a paravertebral block and instilled between the parietal and visceral pleurae produces an interpleural block. Patients received preoperative and postoperative continuous bupivacaine paravertebral blocks in group 1 and interpleural blocks in group 2. Premedication comprised diclofenac and morphine, and after operation all patients had regular diclofenac and patient-controlled morphine (PCM). Analgesia was assessed by visual analogue pain scores (VAS), PCM requirements, ratio of preoperative to postoperative spirometric values (PFT), rates of postoperative respiratory morbidity (PORM) and hospital stay, all recorded by blinded observers. Eight patients were withdrawn and data from 45 patients were analysed. Patient characteristics, surgery, VAS scores and PCM use were similar in both groups. PFT were significantly better (P = 0.03-0.0001) in group 1, and PORM was lower and hospital stay approximately 1 day less in this group. Five patients in group 2 became temporarily confused, probably because of bupivacaine toxicity (P = 0.02). We conclude that bupivacaine deposited paravertebrally produced greater preservation of lung function and fewer side effects than bupivacaine administered interpleurally.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesia', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Bupivacaine', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Pleura', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Thoracotomy']
| 7,488,477
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E03.091'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['D02.065.199.239', 'D02.092.146.113.239'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['A04.716', 'A10.615.789.736'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['E04.928.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pathogenic characterization of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in the rat.
|
The induction of mammary carcinogenesis in the rat by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) is widely used in experimental breast cancer research. In the experiments reported, the Ha-ras codon 12 (ras12) mutation (GGA-->GAA) was used as a molecular marker to address issues of the clonality of carcinomas induced, pathogenetic independence among multiple carcinomas within the same animal and topographic distribution of mutant ras12 carcinomas in different mammary gland chains. In order to determine whether the frequently observed morphologically distinguishable lobules within carcinomas originate from the coalescence of independent lesions or whether cancerous cells within a carcinoma share a common origin, 44 randomly selected MNU-induced mammary carcinomas were genotyped for two to four lobules each for the ras12 mutation. A total of 43 carcinomas out of 44 (97.7%) had concordant ras12 genotypes among the multiple sites within each tumor, which is consistent with the latter possibility. Next, it was observed that as carcinoma multiplicity increased, the discordance rate of ras12 genotypes among multiple carcinomas within the same animal increased in a manner that was in excellent agreement with the expected discordance rate based on an assumption of no pathogenetic association among carcinomas. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the occurrence of mutant ras12 carcinomas between the cervical-thoracic and the abdominal-inguinal mammary glands in that three times as many carcinomas were mutant in the former as in the latter glands, whereas the occurrence of wild-type carcinomas was approximately the same in both regions. Taken together, the data are consistent with (i) carcinomas induced by MNU and detected by palpation are monoclonal in origin, (ii) independently-initiated cells emerge as distinct mammary carcinomas in the same animal, and (iii) the anatomical location of the gland may affect the prevalence of mammary carcinomas that harbor a mutant ras12.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Codon', 'Female', 'Genes, ras', 'Genotype', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Methylnitrosourea', 'Mutagenesis', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 9,472,716
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['G05.380'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['D02.065.950.594.490', 'D02.654.692.480'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of atelectasis and surface tension on pulmonary vascular compliance.
|
The effects of atelectasis and surface tension on the vascular volume and compliance in an isolated perfused dog lung lobe were studied using vascular occlusion and indicator-dilution methods. Measurements were made during atelectasis and again after the lobes were inflated with either a gas mixture (air) or 0.9% saline. Inflation with air resulted in a 20% increase in vascular volume (P less than 0.02), whereas saline inflation had no effect on vascular volume. Inflation with either air or saline increased static vascular compliance by approximately 58% (P less than 0.001) and dynamic vascular compliance by approximately 85% (P less than 0.001). The larger dynamic compliance in the inflated lobes appears to have been mainly due to a larger microvascular compliance. The results suggest that atelectasis can result in a stiffer pulmonary capillary bed. This effect appears to be due primarily to the reconfiguration of the lung tissue structure, because replacing the air with an incompressible fluid did not have the same effect.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Volume', 'Capillaries', 'Dogs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lung', 'Perfusion', 'Pulmonary Atelectasis', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Surface Tension', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 1,885,433
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.481'], ['A04.411'], ['E05.680'], ['C08.381.730'], ['G09.330.100.770', 'G09.772.593'], ['G02.860.816'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and structure determination of the adducts formed by electrochemical oxidation of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the presence of deoxyribonucleosides or adenine.
|
Study of DNA adducts formed with aromatic hydrocarbons is part of the strategy to elucidate the mechanisms of tumor initiation by these compounds. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (THDMBA) is of special interest because it allows discrimination between the pathways of bioactivation by one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation. To study and identify adducts formed biologically, synthetic adducts are needed as reference standards. THDMBA was electrochemically oxidized in the presence of deoxyadenosine (dA), adenine (Ade), deoxyguanosine (dG), or deoxycytidine (dC). In the presence of dA, four adducts were isolated: 7-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene-12-CH2-N7Ade (7-MTHBA-12-CH2-N7Ade, 3.6%), 12-MTHBA-7-CH2-N7Ade (4.2%), 7-MTHBA-12-CH2-N6dA (5.8%), and 12-exo-methylene-7-MTHBA-7-N6dA (22.8%); a dehydrogenated product, 7,12-di-exo-methylene-THBA (44.2%), was also obtained. In the presence of Ade, nine adducts were synthesized: 7-MTHBA-12-CH2-N7Ade (1.1%), 12-MTHBA-7-CH2-N7Ade (2.4%), 7-MTHBA-12-CH2-N1Ade (10.2%), 12-MTHBA-7-CH2-N1Ade (13.2%), 7-MTHBA-12CH2-N3Ade (1.7%), 12-MTHBA-7-CH2-N3Ade (1.7%), 7-exo-methylene-12-MTHBA-12-N3Ade (11.2%), 12-exo-methylene-7-MTHBA-7-N3Ade (27.9%), and 12-exo-methylene-7-MTHBA-7-N6Ade (12.1%), as well as the dehydrogenated product 7,12-di-exo-methylene-THBA (16.7%). In the presence of dG, three adducts were produced: 7-MTHBA-12-CH2-N7Gua (24.2%), 12-MTHBA-7-CH2-N7Gua (12.2%), and 7-MTHBA-12-CH2-N2dG (3.7%), as well as the dehydrogenated product 7,12-di-exo-methylene-THBA (38.9%). Anodic oxidation in the presence of dC yielded a large amount of 7,12-di-exo-methylene-THBA (80.4%), but no adducts. The structure of the adducts was elucidated by using UV, NMR, and MS. The N-7 positions in dG, dA, and Ade, the 2-NH2 in dG, and the N-1 position in Ade form exclusively methyl-linked adducts. In contrast, the 6-NH2 group of dA and Ade and the N-3 of Ade prefer to attack the meso-anthracenic positions rather than the methyl groups. The order of reactivity of dG and dA in the formation of methyl-linked THDMBA adducts agrees well with that previously found for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [RamaKrishna et al. (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 1863-1874.
|
['9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene', 'Adenine', 'Carcinogens', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'DNA Adducts', 'Deoxyribonucleosides', 'Electrochemistry', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 8,951,228
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.149.301', 'D04.615.149.301'], ['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['D13.570.230'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E05.196.566.750'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Research on the transformation of ginsenoside Rg1 by intestinal flora].
|
OBJECTIVE: The decomposition of Ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1) by intestinal bacteria in rats or human was investigated both in vitro and in vivo.METHOD: The decompositions were investigated by means of thin-layer chromatography and Electron spurt ion mass.RESULT: It was found that Rg1 was converted into two metabolites [Rh1 and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol(20S-Ppt)] by human intestinal bacteria in vitro, while three compounds [Rh1, F1, and 20(S)-Ppt] were detected in rat intestinal bacteria metabolism in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION: The decomposition and/or metabolism of Rg1 in rat and human digestive tract was confirmed. The mode of metabolism in rat is Rg1-->Rh1(F1)-->Ppt, while in human it is Rg1-->Rh1-->Ppt.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Ginsenosides', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 12,525,040
|
[['B01.050'], ['G06.099'], ['D02.455.849.919.277', 'D09.408.782.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.556.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Myostatin short interfering hairpin RNA gene transfer increases skeletal muscle mass.
|
BACKGROUND: Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin knockout mice exhibit muscle hypertrophy and decreased interstitial fibrosis. We investigated whether a plasmid expressing a short hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA) against myostatin and transduced using electroporation would increase local skeletal muscle mass.METHODS: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting myostatin were co-transfected with a myostatin-expressing plasmid into HEK293 cells and identified for myostatin silencing by Western blot. Corresponding shRNAs were cloned into plasmid shRNA expression vectors. Myostatin or a randomer negative control shRNA plasmid was injected and electroporated into the tibialis anterior or its contralateral muscle, respectively, of nine rats that were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Six other rats received a beta-galactosidase reporter plasmid and were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Uptake of plasmid was examined by beta-galactosidase expression, whereas myostatin expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Muscle fiber size was determined by histochemistry. Satellite cell proliferation was determined by PAX7 immunohistochemistry. Myosin heavy chain type II (MHCII) expression was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: beta-Galactosidase reporter plasmid was expressed at 1 and 2 weeks but diminished by 4 weeks in tibialis anterior skeletal muscle. Myostatin shRNA reduced myostatin mRNA and protein expression by 27 and 48%, respectively. Tibialis anterior weight, fiber size, and MHCII increased by 10, 34, and 38%, respectively. Satellite cell number was increased by over 2-fold.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that myostatin shRNA gene transfer is a potential strategy to increase muscle mass.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Electroporation', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Silencing', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Lac Operon', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myostatin', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Transfection', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 16,810,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.200.500.454', 'E05.242.448', 'E05.301.500'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['E05.393.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.644.276.954.300.925', 'D12.776.467.942.300.925', 'D23.529.942.300.925'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pulmonary metastases, an occult prostatic adenocarcinoma and delayed administration of antiandrogens.
|
The presentation of prostatic carcinoma with pulmonary metastases is unusual. The patient reported here presented with nodular lung metastases from an unknown primary site and 3.5 years later became symptomatic with a prostatic carcinoma. Subsequent hormonal therapy led to radiological regression of the pulmonary metastases. This case report demonstrates the progression of asymptomatic prostatic lung metastases with time and their response to delayed hormonal therapy, which is discussed.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Cyproterone', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Unknown Primary', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Remission Induction']
| 8,859,611
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.219', 'D04.210.500.883.419'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650.895', 'C23.550.727.650.895'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Potentially inappropriate prescribing cardiovascular medications in the aged population: prospective study in a district hospital centre (France)].
|
OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. We evaluated the adequacy of prescribing (miss and under used) with respect to STOPP-START criteria.METHODS: A sample of 100 patients hospitalized in cardiovascular specialty divisions (medicine or surgery) or in the different sectors making up the geriatric network (day-care hospital, short or rehabilitation ward, nursing home) has been considered. Drug prescriptions at the admission time were analysed.RESULTS: Eight hundred and seventy-four prescriptions were analysed. In 65% of patients, from 5 to 10 medications were prescribed and in 28% over 10. Fifty-four percent of patients had, at least, one potentially inappropriate prescription (PIP) by STOPP. Among them, 48% of PIP prescriptions contained 1, 41% 2 and 11% 3 or more. The omission of one medication according to START criteria concerned 57% of the sample. Among them, 46% had one omission, 44% 2 to 3 and 10% 4 omissions or over. The cardiovascular system is the one most concerned by the PIP. Whether 28.1% of the PIP by STOPP criteria concerned cardiovascular drugs, the omission of prescription, according to START criteria, was 41.8%. There was no significant difference between the different settings studied. There was no effect of age or sex on the impact of PIP (P>0.20) or being polym?diqu? (P=0.44). According to the criteria STOPP-A, the prescription of antiplatelet (indication and dose) was highlighted. Prescribing omission also concerned antiplatelet agents but also statins in patients with atherosclerosis as well as antiplatelet and anticoagulant in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) after myocardial infarction or with chronic heart failure.CONCLUSION: Potentially inappropriate prescribing medications were very common in elderly patients with cardiovascular conditions. They concerned as much as underusing of important drugs with potential benefits and prescribing commission of treatment that did not fit with patients' comorbidities and/or characteristics.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'France', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, District', 'Humans', 'Inappropriate Prescribing', 'Male', 'Polypharmacy', 'Prevalence']
| 25,535,164
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['C14'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421.510.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.490', 'N02.421.450.500.249'], ['E02.319.698'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Fractionation and identification of metalloproteins from a marine cyanobacterium.
|
Trace metals are essential for the growth of marine cyanobacteria, being required for key cellular processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Despite this, the metalloproteomes of marine cyanobacteria are at present only poorly defined. In this study, we have probed the major cobalt, iron, manganese, and nickel-binding proteins in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102 by using two different fractionation approaches combined with peptide mass fingerprinting. For the identification of intact metalloproteins, multidimensional native chromatography was used to fractionate the proteome, followed by inorganic mass spectrometry to identify metal-enriched fractions. This approach led to the detection of nickel superoxide dismutase together with its predicted cofactor. We also explored the utility of immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) to isolate subpopulations of proteins that display affinity for a particular metal ion. We conclude that low-resolution 2D liquid chromatography is a viable fractionation technique to correlate relatively low-abundance metal ions with their few cellular destinations (e.g. Ni), but challenges remain for more abundant metals with multiple destinations such as iron. IMAC has been shown as a useful pre-fractionation technique to screen for proteins with metal-binding capacity, and may become a particularly valuable tool for the identification of metal-trafficking proteins.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Metalloproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proteomics', 'Seawater', 'Synechococcus']
| 22,258,207
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.556'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['B03.280.745', 'B03.440.475.100.745']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of severe protein-calorie malnutrition on the penetration kinetics of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole to the deep tissues of Wistar rats.
|
This study shows the effect that severe malnourishment has on the kinetics of antibiotic penetration in tissues. A total of 104 male Wistar rats, 21 days old, were randomly divided into eight groups. Five groups of experimental rats were severely malnourished (SM) and three further groups were considered well-nourished control groups (WN). A single dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was administered intraperitoneally. Blood samples were taken by heart puncture and five organs were extracted 0-24 h after the administration of the drug. HPLC was used to assess the amount of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in fluids. The elimination half-life for trimethoprim from plasma was longer in SM rats with a median of 3.15 h; in WN rats, it was 0.390 h. Clearance was slower in SM rats: 646.72 mL microg(-1) h(-1) vs 3036.38 mL microg(-1) h(-1) in WN rats (P < 0.05). Tissue penetration was much higher for trimethoprim, with penetration indexes of 0.80-5.66 in WN rats, compared with 0.35-2.14 in SM rats. In the case of sulfamethoxazole, penetration indexes were 0.029-1.13 for WN and 0.075-0.657 for SM rats. Similarly, the penetration ratio to muscle and heart tissue was lower in SM rats. However, penetration to kidney, lung, liver and spleen was greater in SM rats. It is evident that severe SM decreases the capacity of trimethoprim more importantly than sulfamethoxazole biotransformation.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Malnutrition', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spleen', 'Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination']
| 12,803,768
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['C18.654.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D02.065.884.725.867.500', 'D02.092.146.807.867.500', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867.500', 'D03.383.742.906.500', 'D26.310.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1.
|
In our previous study, we examined radiation-induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, early apoptotic changes, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, which was established from an osteoblastic tumor that arose in the left humerus of an 11-year-old girl and was already morphologically characterized in vitro and in vivo. We found that ROS formation and oxidative DNA damage were scarcely seen after irradiation of up to 30 Gy in these cells; that mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved; and that apoptotic changes were not demonstrated despite the relatively high-dose irradiation of 30 Gy. Based on these results, the radioresistance of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, was considered to arise, at least in part, from the low level of ROS formation following irradiation, which in turn may have resulted from the strong scavenging ability of the cells for free radicals, including hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide, which causes a potent oxidative stress and has been demonstrated to be a potent apoptosis-inducer in many kinds of cells. We found that addition of 1 or 10 mM hydrogen peroxide induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and early apoptotic changes in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1. We therefore concluded that intracellular ROS formation is involved in the hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of HS-Os-1 cells.
|
['Annexin A5', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Child', 'DNA Damage', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Female', 'Free Radicals', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 12,964,019
|
[['D12.776.157.125.050.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G05.200'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Treatable ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus].
|
The Mongolian gerbil is known to develop delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus following brief forebrain ischemia (Brain Res 239: 57-69). Morphological, biochemical, or electrophysiological studies on this neuronal injury have shown that neurons still retain potential reversibility at the earlier period of alteration. To examine this possibility, immediately following 5 min of ischemia in the gerbil, pentobarbital, diazepam, or nizofenone was injected. Seven days following ischemic insult, animals were perfusion fixed and neuronal density in the hippocampal CA1 subfield was counted. Most of the neurons in the CA1 sector survived ischemic insult when a drug was given, whereas most of them were lost without the treatment. The average neuronal density of treated groups showed a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) persistence compared with that of control group. The effective dosage of the drugs were 20-40 mg/kg in pentobarbital, 10-20 mg/kg in diazepam, and 12.5-25 mg/kg in nizofenone. On the other hand, when pentobarbital was injected 1 hr following ischemia, while neurons still remain intact morphologically, it showed no effect. This result indicates that the neuronal damage of "delayed neuronal death" type is reversible if treatment is instituted at an early period of cell change.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Diazepam', 'Gerbillinae', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Pentobarbital']
| 3,814,442
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.593']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Version 3 of the Alzheimer Disease Centers' Neuropsychological Test Battery in the Uniform Data Set (UDS).
|
INTRODUCTION: The neuropsychological battery of the Uniform Data Set (UDSNB) was implemented in 2005 by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Alzheimer Disease Centers program to measure cognitive performance in dementia and mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer Disease. This paper describes a revision, the UDSNB 3.0.METHODS: The Neuropsychology Work Group of the NIA Clinical Task Force recommended revisions through a process of due diligence to address shortcomings of the original battery. The UDSNB 3.0 covers episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, language, and constructional ability. Data from 3602 cognitively normal participants in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center database were analyzed.RESULTS: Descriptive statistics are presented. Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated score differences by age, sex, and education and were also used to create a normative calculator available online.DISCUSSION: The UDSNB 3.0 neuropsychological battery provides a valuable non proprietary resource for conducting research on cognitive aging and dementia.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Data Collection', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests']
| 29,240,561
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Congenital disability and medical research: the development of amniocentesis.
|
The action imperative inherent in amniocentesis, one that emphasizes the detection and selective abortion of disabled fetuses, exerts a powerful influence on women's decisions to undergo prenatal diagnosis. In this paper, the construction of this imperative is considered through an examination of medical research that contributed to the development and clinical practice of amniocentesis. It is argued that this research reflects medical judgments about socially "undesirable" human attributes, professional interests, and individual, technical solutions to the "burden" of congenital disability. The necessity to consider the implications of this technology within both a feminist and disability rights framework is discussed.
|
['Abortion, Therapeutic', 'Amniocentesis', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Female', 'Human Rights', 'Humans', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Research', 'Social Values', "Women's Rights"]
| 2,267,804
|
[['E04.520.050.060'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.050', 'E01.370.225.998.329.309', 'E01.370.378.630.050', 'E04.665.600.309', 'E05.200.500.384.050', 'E05.200.998.329.309', 'E05.242.384.050'], ['C16.131'], ['I01.880.604.473', 'N03.706.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['H01.770.644'], ['F01.829.873'], ['I01.880.604.473.850', 'N03.706.437.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The phenomenology of autistic regression: subtypes and associated factors.
|
This study aimed to investigate the association of autistic regression (AR) and subtypes of AR with medical, developmental and psychiatric factors. Fifty-seven children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) were included in the study. Two types of AR are defined as regression after a normal social/language development (type 1) and regression as the worsening of previously reported autistic features (type 2). The frequency of history of AR was 56.1%. Male gender and sleep problems were found to be associated with a positive history of AR. The frequency of gastrointestinal complaints/diseases was higher in children with regression type 2 when compared to the children with regression type 1. Future studies with larger sample size and prospective design will contribute to clarifying the phenomenology and the associated factors of AR.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Regression, Psychology', 'Sex Factors', 'Sleep Wake Disorders', 'Wechsler Scales']
| 22,080,249
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.164'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C06.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F01.393.784'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870'], ['F04.711.141.493.822']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Role of the liver in small-solute transport during peritoneal dialysis.
|
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is dependent on the transport of water and solutes from the blood capillaries within the tissues that surround the peritoneal cavity. Because of their large blood supply and surface area, the viscera have been considered the most important tissues for PD transport. In animals, however, removal of the gastrointestinal tract decreases PD small-solute mass transfer by only 10 to 27%. To investigate the theoretical basis for these observations, a distributed model of peritoneal transport was extended to take into account the transport characteristics of four tissue groups that surround the cavity: the liver, the hollow viscera, the abdominal wall, and the diaphragm. The mass transfer-area coefficient (MTAC) of sucrose for each tissue was calculated from the following: MTAC = ([D(pa)]0.5)A, where D is the effective solute interstitial diffusivity, pa is the solute transcapillary permeability-area per unit tissue volume, and A is the apparent peritoneal surface area of the tissue. Our results for the adult human predict that the MTAC for the liver is comparable to that of all of the other viscera and makes up 43% of the total MTAC for the peritoneal cavity. The predicted MTAC is 4 cm3/min (plasma) or 6 cm3/min (blood), in good agreement with published values. It is concluded that the liver is responsible for a major portion of the small-solute MTAC. This also explains the earlier observations in eviscerated animals whose PD transport was likely preserved by intact livers.
|
['Abdominal Muscles', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Body Fluid Compartments', 'Diaphragm', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peritoneal Cavity', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Sucrose', 'Viscera']
| 7,948,778
|
[['A02.633.567.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['A10.082', 'A12.207.180'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.494'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.678'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['A01.960']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Acute non-herpetic viral encephalitis of juvenile onset: analysis of 11 cases based on initial clinical symptoms].
|
We investigated clinical features of juvenile patients presenting non-herpetic viral acute encephalitis (4 men and 7 women, aged of onset; 23.7 +/- 3.3 years) without malignancy and immunodeficiency. We divided the patients into two groups according to initial neurological symptoms: psychiatric symptoms mimicking schizophrenia (group P, n=5), seizure (group S, n=6), and compared clinical manifestations among the two groups. Symptoms frequently seen in initial phase of the illness were neck stiffness (4 cases, 36%), involuntary movement (7 cases, 64%) and convulsion (8 cases, 73%). There were no significant difference among the groups except seizure. Patients in group P had more CSF cells and CSF lymphocytes compared with other groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Abnormal intensities in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were found in 4 cases (36%). The term from the onset to leaving hospital of group P (213 +/- 227 days) was longer than that of group S (98 +/- 85 days), although it did not reach a significant difference. These findings indicate that juvenile acute non-herpetic encephalitis initially presenting psychiatric symptoms was serious and had relatively poor prognosis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dyskinesias', 'Encephalitis, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Schizophrenia', 'Seizures']
| 16,095,221
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.171'], ['C10.228.662.262', 'C10.597.350', 'C23.888.592.350'], ['C01.207.245.340', 'C01.207.399.750', 'C01.925.182.525', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750', 'C10.228.228.245.340', 'C10.228.228.399.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.789'], ['F03.700.750'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Enriched environment inhibits mouse pancreatic cancer growth and down-regulates the expression of mitochondria-related genes in cancer cells.
|
Psycho-social stress has been suggested to influence the development of cancer, but it remains poorly defined with regard to pancreatic cancer, a lethal malignancy with few effective treatment modalities. In this study, we sought to investigate the impacts of enriched environment (EE) housing, a rodent model of "eustress", on the growth of mouse pancreatic cancer, and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms through gene expression profiling. The EE mice showed significantly reduced tumor weights in both subcutaneous (53%) and orthotopic (41%) models, while each single component of EE (inanimate stimulation, social stimulation or physical exercise) was not profound enough to achieve comparative anti-tumor effects as EE. The integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that in response to EE, a total of 129 genes in the tumors showed differential expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The differentially expressed genes were mostly localized to the mitochondria and enriched in the citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Interestingly, nearly all of the mitochondria-related genes were down-regulated by EE. Our data have provided experimental evidence in favor of the application of positive stress or of benign environmental stimulation in pancreatic cancer therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Environment', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Proteomics', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 25,598,223
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.575'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The alpha-subunit mRNAs for Gs and Go2 are differentially regulated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C in rat Sertoli cells.
|
In the present study, we have examined regulatory effects of protein kinase A and protein kinase C activation by 8-CPTcAMP and TPA, respectively, on mRNAs for various G protein alpha-subunits and corresponding immunoreactive proteins in rat Sertoli cells. Gs alpha and Go alpha mRNA levels were transiently increased 1.5-fold and 4-fold, respectively, by 8-CPTcAMP in cultured Sertoli cells. This up-regulation of mRNAs for Gs alpha and Go alpha was also observed when Sertoli cells were incubated in the presence of FSH. When protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, the cAMP-mediated stimulation of Gs alpha mRNA was abolished, whereas Go alpha mRNA was superinduced to a 50- to 100-fold higher level than basal. Activation of protein kinase C with TPA had a strong, synergistic effect on cAMP-mediated stimulation of Gs alpha mRNA, whereas the cAMP-mediated stimulation of Go alpha mRNA was completely blocked. Surprisingly, changes in mRNA levels were not accompanied by any alterations in the levels of immunoreactive Gs alpha and Go alpha proteins.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Male', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Sertoli Cells', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Thionucleotides']
| 7,873,600
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D27.505.519.389.760'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A05.360.444.849.789', 'A11.382.952', 'A11.436.837'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differences between smokers and never-smokers in sensitivity to nicotine: a preliminary report.
|
Sensitivity to nicotine was explored using test doses administered via intra-nasal aerosol in 10 smokers and 10 never-smokers. Smokers received 1.50 mg nicotine (in 2 sprays, < 5 seconds apart, one spray per nostril); never-smokers received either 0.50 mg (n = 3) or 0.25 mg (n = 7) nicotine. Accumulation of nicotine in plasma, per unit dose administered, was nearly four times greater in never-smokers than in smokers, indicating differences in pharmacokinetic tolerance. To examine sensitivity to nicotine without this confound, peak physiological reactivity (heart rate and blood pressure changes) was divided by peak plasma nicotine increment and the ratio was expressed as a function of cotinine level prior to dosing, thereby relating sensitivity to nicotine to history of exposure. In smokers, functional sensitivity to nicotine was inversely related to customary nicotine intake, replicating previous findings for light and heavy smokers. The observation that never-smokers were not much more sensitive to nicotine than light smokers is notable given the disparity in previous history of exposure.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Adult', 'Aerosols', 'Arousal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Smoking']
| 8,448,500
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Xanthic variant of non-ossifying fibroma (so-called xanthofibroma) of the mandible. An ultrastructural study.
|
An unusual case of a 37-year-old female with xanthomatous bone tumor of the right molar area of the mandible was presented. The tumor was asymptomatic and found to be a well-demarcated intraosseous radiolucent lesion on radiographic examination. Histologically the tumor consisted of two cell types, fibroblastic and xanthomatous cells. There was no osteoid, bone or cartilage formation. However, numerous psammomatous calcified bodies were seen in the fibrous area. Ultrastructural study showed fibroblastic cells in different stages of proliferation as the basis of the tumor which transform itself into xanthomatous cells. From the clinicopathologic findings, our case was thought to be a xanthic variant of non-ossifying fibroma (so-called xanthofibroma) of the mandible.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Fibroma', 'Humans', 'Mandibular Neoplasms', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 6,176,096
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.583', 'C05.116.231.754.450.583', 'C05.500.499.583', 'C05.500.607.442', 'C07.320.515.583', 'C07.320.610.583'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of waiting time on the quality of life of patients awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting.
|
BACKGROUND: A lack of resources has created waiting lists for many elective surgical procedures within Canada's universal health care system. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease is one of these affected surgical procedures. We studied the impact of waiting times on the quality of life of patients awaiting CABG.METHODS: A prospective cohort of 266 patients from 3 hospitals in Montreal was used. Patients who gave informed consent were followed from the time they were registered for CABG until 6 months after surgery; recruitment began in November 1993, and the last follow-up was completed in July 1995. Patient groups were classified according to the duration of the wait for CABG (< or = 97 days or > 97 days). We measured the following outcomes: quality of life (using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form [SF-36]), incidence of chest pain (using the New York Heart Association angina classification), frequency of symptoms (using the Cardiac Symptom Inventory) and rates of complications and death before and after surgery.RESULTS: There were no differences in quality of life at baseline between the 2 groups. Immediately before surgery, compared with patients who waited 97 days or less, those who waited longer had significantly reduced physical functioning (change from baseline SF-36 score 0 v. -4 respectively, p = 0.001), vitality (change from baseline score -0.1 v. -1.3, p = 0.01), social functioning (change from baseline score 0.4 v. -0.4, p = 0.03) and general health (change from baseline score 1.1 v. -1.7, p = 0.001). At 6 months after surgery, compared with patients who waited 97 days or less for CABG, those who waited longer had reduced physical functioning (change from baseline SF-36 score 4.0 v. -0.1 respectively, p = 0.001), physical role (change from baseline score 0.8 v. 0.0, p = 0.001), vitality (change from baseline score 2.2 v. 0.9, p = 0.001), mental health (change from baseline score 1.2 v. 0.0, p = 0.001) and general health (change from baseline score 1.8 v. -0.3, p = 0.001). The incidence of postoperative adverse events was significantly greater among the patients with longer waits for CABG than among those with shorter waits (32 v. 14 events respectively, p = 0.005). Longer waits before CABG were associated with an increased likelihood of not returning to work after surgery (p = 0.08): 10 (53%) of the 19 patients with longer waiting times remained employed after CABG, as compared with 17 (85%) of the 20 with shorter waiting times.INTERPRETATION: The significant decrease in physical and social functioning, both before and after surgery, for patients waiting more than 3 months for CABG is an important observation. Longer waiting times were also associated with increased postoperative adverse events. By decreasing waiting times for CABG, we may improve patients' quality of life and decrease the psychological morbidity associated with CABG.
|
['Comorbidity', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Quebec', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Time Factors', 'Waiting Lists']
| 11,531,051
|
[['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: The safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been proven in patients with several pre-existing clinical conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability and safety of elective LC in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions who were receiving anticoagulant treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2002, 33 patients preoperatively receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy for pre-existing disease were scheduled to undergo elective LC for symptomatic gallstone disease in our laparoendoscopic unit. The study group included 19 patients with one valve replacement (57.6%), 1 patient (3%) with two valves replaced, and 1 patient (3%) with three cardiac valves replaced. There were also 9 patients (27.3%) suffering from chronic atrial fibrillation, 1 patient (3%) with a history of deep vein thrombosis, 1 patient with a history of pulmonary embolism, and 1 patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and systemic lupus erythematosous (SLE). Thirty-three non-anticoagulated patients matched for age and sex who were scheduled for elective LC in our department during the same period served as the control group.RESULTS: There was no intraoperative or postoperative mortality or morbidity in our series. The mean duration of the LC did not differ significantly between the anticoagulated and control groups (63.6 minutes vs. 64.9 minutes, P=0.643). All anticoagulated patients were mobilized by postoperative day 1 and were discharged from the hospital in a mean 3.6+/-0.8 days (median, 3 days; range, 3-6 days) after an uneventful postoperative course. The length of stay was significantly longer in the anticoagulated group of patients (3.6 days vs. 1.5 days in the control group, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Elective LC can be performed safely in patients under anticoagulant therapy for severe pre-existing cardiovascular disease, as long as their cardiopulmonary and coagulation parameters are carefully individualized and adjusted.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anticoagulants', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Female', 'Gallstones', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,108,736
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['C06.130.409.633', 'C06.130.564.332.500', 'C23.300.175.525'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis of bromo-conduritol-B and bromo-conduritol-C as glycosidase inhibitors.
|
For the synthesis of bromo-conduritol-B skeleton, bromo-1,4-benzoquinone was subjected to bromination followed by the reduction of the carbonyl groups with NaBH(4). Substitution of bromides bonded to sp(3)-hybridized carbon atoms with AgOAc gave the bromo-conduritol-B tetraacetate in high yield. For the construction of bromo-conduritol-C skeleton, 2,2-dimethyl-3a,7a-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxole was used as the starting material. Photooxygenation of the diene unit gave an unsaturated bicyclic endoperoxide. Bromine was incorporated into the molecule by the addition of bromine to the double bond. Opening of the peroxide linkage followed by HBr elimination and reduction of the carbonyl group provided the conduritol-C structure in good yield. Bromo-conduritol-B exhibited strong enzyme-specific inhibition against alpha-glycosidase.
|
['Bromine', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'Inositol', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure']
| 19,121,824
|
[['D01.268.380.112'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['D02.033.800.519', 'D09.853.519'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Putting the methodological brakes on claims to measure national happiness through Twitter: Methodological limitations in social media analytics.
|
With the rapid global proliferation of social media, there has been growing interest in using this existing source of easily accessible 'big data' to develop social science knowledge. However, amidst the big data gold rush, it is important that long-established principles of good social research are not ignored. This article critically evaluates Mitchell et al.'s (2013) study, 'The Geography of Happiness: Connecting Twitter Sentiment and Expression, Demographics, and Objective Characteristics of Place', demonstrating the importance of attending to key methodological issues associated with secondary data analysis.
|
['Happiness', 'Humans', 'Social Media', 'Social Sciences']
| 28,880,882
|
[['F01.470.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.751', 'L01.224.230.110.500.750'], ['F04.096.879', 'I01']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Platelet prostaglandin E1 hyposensitivity in schizophrenia: decrease in cyclic AMP formation and in inhibitory effects on aggregation.
|
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation via prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or forskolin stimulation was determined in washed platelets from 35 schizophrenic patients and 34 normal controls. The inhibitory effects of PGE1 and forskolin on platelet aggregation response (PAR) elicited by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were also examined simultaneously. Both PGE1- and forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation decreased in platelets from schizophrenic patients, as compared with those from normal controls. PGE1 inhibition of PAR was significantly lowered in schizophrenic patients compared to normal controls, but forskolin inhibition was not. No correlations between PGE1- or forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation and inhibitory effects of PGE1 or forskolin on PAR, respectively, were explained by the complex factors involved in PAR. In conclusion, platelet hyposensitivity to PGE1 in schizophrenic patients is partially based on aberrant adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and includes other variables related to PAR.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Platelets', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Prostaglandins E', 'Schizophrenia']
| 2,177,206
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A study into bacteriological positivity and treatment of beggar leprosy patients.
|
Hundred beggar leprosy patients were medically examined and skin smears were taken for bacteriological positivity for A.F.B. Information regarding their treatment was collected. 20% of them were found bacteriologically positive and 40% of the positive cases were not taking treatment. Epidemiological and operational implications of the findings are discussed.
|
['Biopsy', 'Dapsone', 'Homeless Persons', 'Humans', 'India', 'Leper Colonies', 'Leprosy', 'Skin']
| 2,746,032
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D02.886.590.263'], ['M01.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['N02.278.524'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475.371'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Effects of angiotensin-induced hypertension on cancer chemotherapy. Application to intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer].
|
In an attempt to enhance effects of cancer chemotherapy, Angiotensin II (AT), a vasoconstricting catecholamine, was applied to intra-arterial infusion of the drug for advanced breast cancer. Quantitative measurement of tumor blood flow was conducted with scintigraphic techniques (81mKr). Angiotensin II given continuously through the internal thoracic artery induced prompt responses in local blood flow with a decrease in normal breast tissue and a concomitant increase in tumor. Thus, the tumor/control ratio of blood flow with AT rose to 3 times as much as that without AT. In 11 patients receiving adriamycin (ADR) alone intra-arterially, 73% responded clinically with CR or PR in their lesions, while in 11 patients receiving ADR + AT, 91% responded. Histologically, as high as 45% of patients treated with ADR + AT underwent marked regressive change with no viable cancer cells remaining in their lesions, compared to 18% in patients treated with ADR alone. Angiotensin II combined with chemotherapy, therefore proved to enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapy.
|
['Aged', 'Angiotensin II', 'Blood Pressure', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Middle Aged']
| 6,870,306
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of Yeast' Vacuoles as Antimicrobial Agents to Escherichia coli Bacteremia in Rat.
|
Yeast vacuoles, lysosomes, are cell organelles that have antimicrobial activity against several bacteria in vitro. Lysosomes have a potential application to the treatment of pathogens such as antibiotics in vivo. Therefore, the in vivo efficacy of lysosomes was examined in a rat infection model against pathogenic Escherichia coli with varying susceptibilities to standard antimicrobial agents. Before in vivo testing, the concentration-dependent safety of lysosomes was confirmed by blood test and histopathology of normal rats. The therapeutic efficacy of lysosomes was examined in terms of the survival of E. coli in infected rat blood. The complete blood count and histopathology results were affected by the lysosomes concentration. In addition, the E. coli growth was inhibited by the initial injection of lysosomes. These results support the use of lysosomes as a bacterial inhibitor of an infected rat model.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteremia', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Humans', 'Lysosomes', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Vacuoles']
| 27,757,529
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature has been produced on the potential role of statins in reducing perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. However, evidence remains inconsistent, and little is known about the patterns of perioperative statin use in routine care.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine patterns of perioperative statin initiation among adults undergoing non-cardiac elective surgery in the USA.METHODS: Using data from a large US healthcare insurer, we identified patients aged ?18 years who underwent moderate-risk to high-risk non-cardiac elective surgery between 2003 and 2012 and initiated statins within 30 days before surgery. We evaluated temporal trends of statin initiation and patient characteristics. In a matched analysis, we assessed the effect of temporal proximity to surgery on the likelihood of statin initiation.RESULTS: Of 460,154 patients undergoing surgery, 5628 (12 per 1000 patients) initiated a statin within 30 days before surgery. Statin initiation increased from 8 per 1000 patients in 2003 to 15 in 2012 (p = 0.0022). The increase was more pronounced among patients undergoing vascular surgery (149 initiators per 1000 patients by the end of 2012) and with Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score ?2 (72 per 1000 patients). Proximity to surgery, in particular vascular surgery, was predictive of statin initiation.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of robust evidence, perioperative statin initiation progressively increased from 2003 to 2012, particularly among patients undergoing major vascular surgery and with higher RCRI score. These trends were largely attributable to the initiation of statins in anticipation of non-cardiac surgery rather than routine dyslipidemia treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Utilization', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perioperative Care', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 26,494,361
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.319.283'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['E04.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Handheld optical coherence tomography scanner for primary care diagnostics.
|
The goal of this study is to develop an advanced point-of-care diagnostic instrument for use in a primary care office using handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT). This system has the potential to enable earlier detection of diseases and accurate image-based diagnostics. Our system was designed to be compact, portable, user-friendly, and fast, making it well suited for the primary care office setting. The unique feature of our system is a versatile handheld OCT imaging scanner which consists of a pair of computer-controlled galvanometer-mounted mirrors, interchangeable lens mounts, and miniaturized video camera. This handheld scanner has the capability to guide the physician in real time for finding suspicious regions to be imaged by OCT. In order to evaluate the performance and use of the handheld OCT scanner, the anterior chamber of a rat eye and in vivo human retina, cornea, skin, and tympanic membrane were imaged. Based on this feasibility study, we believe that this new type of handheld OCT device and system has the potential to be an efficient point-of-care imaging tool in primary care medicine.
|
['Animals', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Primary Health Care', 'Rats', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Video Recording']
| 21,134,801
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Does articulation contribute to modifications of postural control during dual-task paradigms?
|
Many studies have been carried out to investigate the attentional resources required for postural control, using a 'dual-task' methodology in which performance on mental and postural control tasks is compared when these are carried out separately and concurrently. Most mental tasks used in these dual-task studies have employed verbal responses. However, changes in respiration during speech production are known to produce changes in postural control. Hence, the goal of this study was to determine whether articulation might contribute to the changes found in postural sway when a spoken mental task is being performed and to determine if the type of postural control measurement might also have an impact on the outcome of the study. Twenty young healthy participants were asked to stand on a force platform while executing secondary tasks that were performed silently or required a verbal response, and that required high or low levels of attention. Vision and postural task difficulty were manipulated. Performance of all tasks produced an increased sway frequency and decreased sway amplitude relative to the no task baseline. However, tasks that required articulation resulted in a more pronounced increase in postural sway frequency and sway path than did the tasks that did not require any articulation. These findings could imply that the addition of a secondary task results in increased stiffness, whereas articulation results in a further increased frequency of sway, which leads to an increase in sway path. We conclude that changes in the various parameters of sway that accompany performance of secondary tasks are complex, and are not always wholly attributable to attentional load, but may also be partly due to the motor requirements of the task, such as those involved in articulation.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Movement', 'Postural Balance', 'Posture', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 12,706,223
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['G11.427.695'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of high-age minimal change nephrotic syndrome relapse after 18-year remission and effective treatment with steroid and cyclosporin combined therapy].
|
We describe the clinical course of a 69-year-old woman, who suffered from minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) after long-term remission. In 1979, she was admitted to Kanazawa University Hospital due to MCNS verified by renal biopsy and was treated with oral prednisolone(initially 40 mg/day) for two years. She suffered from edema again in 1999 with massive proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed minor glomerular abnormality without any deposition of immunoglobulins or complements. Electron microscopic findings showed extensive foot process effacement. Therefore, we diagnosed this case as a recurrence of MCNS. She was treated with the combination of methylprednisolone pulse therapy(500 mg, 3 days), oral prednisolone(20 mg/day) and cyclosporin(CyA, 3 mg/kg/day), which could induce earlier complete remission. These results suggest that recurrence after long-term remission could occur in adult-onset MCNS and that the combination therapy of prednisolone and CyA may be effective for the induction of early remission in MCNS.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Aged', 'Cyclosporine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Nephrosis, Lipoid', 'Prednisolone', 'Pulse Therapy, Drug', 'Recurrence', 'Remission Induction', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,195,400
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['C12.777.419.630.477', 'C13.351.968.419.630.477'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['E02.319.283.600'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E02.860'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cyclooxygenase activity contributes to the monoaminergic damage caused by serial exposure to stress and methamphetamine.
|
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a widely abused psychostimulant that causes long-term dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) depletions. Stress and Meth abuse are comorbid events in society and stress exacerbates Meth-induced monoaminergic terminal damage. Stress is also known to produce neuroinflammation. This study examined the role of the neuroinflammatory mediator, cyclooxygenase (COX), in the depletions of monoamines caused by serial exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and Meth. CUS produced an increase in COX-2 protein expression and enhanced Meth-induced monoaminergic depletions in the striatum and hippocampus. The enhanced DA and 5-HT depletions in the striatum, but not the hippocampus, were prevented by pretreatment with COX inhibitor, ketoprofen, during stress or during Meth; however, ketoprofen did not attenuate the monoaminergic damage caused by Meth alone. The COX-dependent enhancement by stress of Meth-induced monoaminergic depletions was independent of hyperthermia, as ketoprofen did not attenuate Meth-induced hyperthermia. In addition, the EP1 receptor antagonist, SC-51089, did not attenuate DA or 5-HT depletions caused by stress and Meth. These findings illustrate that COX activity, but not activation of the EP1 receptor, is responsible for the potentiation of Meth-induced damage to striatal monoamine terminals by stress and suggests the use of anti-inflammatory drugs for mitigating the neurotoxic effects associated with the combination of stress and Meth.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Biogenic Monoamines', 'Body Temperature', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hippocampus', 'Hydrazines', 'Male', 'Methamphetamine', 'Oxazepines', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 23,643,743
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.211.215'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D02.442'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.619'], ['D03.383.066.498'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chronic nicotine treatment eliminates asymmetry in striatal glucose utilization following unilateral transection of the mesostriatal dopamine pathway in rats.
|
Partial hemitransection was performed through a knife lesion at the meso-diencephalic level in rats to sever the mesostriatal dopamine system. During the subsequent 2 weeks the animals received 0.125 mg/kg/h of nicotine continuously via an osmotic minipump implanted s.c. To achieve prompt high nicotine levels, 4 i.p. injections of 0.5 mg/kg nicotine were, in addition, given during the first 2 h following the lesion. The total treatment corresponded to a mean plasma level of 50 ng/ml nicotine, measured at the end of the experiment. Control animals received corresponding volumes of 0.9% saline. Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of the glucose utilization in the caudate nucleus using Sokoloff's [14C]2-deoxyglucose method demonstrated a 16% side-to-side difference in the lesioned control animals, whereas the asymmetry was counteracted by the nicotine treatment. Although there was an overall tendency to a lower rate of glucose utilization (by 6%) in the nicotine-treated animals compared to the controls receiving saline only, the difference was not statistically significant. The eliminated asymmetry probably reflects an increased survival of the dopamine neurons and/or of striatal nerve cells on the lesioned side due to protective effects of nicotine resulting from desensitization of nicotinic-type cholinergic receptors following continuous administration of the drug.
|
['Animals', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Cotinine', 'Denervation', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Dopamine', 'Glucose', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,812,507
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D03.383.773.812.180'], ['E04.525.210'], ['D09.254.229'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Causing Compression of the Left Main Coronary Artery.
|
A 75-year-old man with a history of mechanical aortic valve replacement with aortic conduit for severe aortic insufficiency underwent routine screening computed tomography evaluation revealing right coronary anastomosis endoleak and proximal aortic root pseudoaneurysm.
|
['Aged', 'Aneurysm, False', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Occlusion', 'Echocardiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 30,279,298
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.090'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.272', 'C14.907.585.250.272'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Multiple epiphyseal separations in a child with cerebral palsy and scurvy].
|
Scurvy is a dietary disease due to Vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is related to collagen synthesis and metabolism. Malnutrition, problems in bowel absorption, alcoholism and cerebral palsy are clearly often linked with scurvy, even it is no more common in the industrialized countries. Its clinical features are: asthenia, weight loss, appetite decrease, irritability, gingival or mucous lesions, porpora, follicular hyperkeratosis, musculoskeletal pain due to multiple fractures and subperiosteal bleedings, pseudoparalisis (frog-like position of legs) and refuse to walk. Authors report on a nine year-old girl with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, who at the first examination showed deep anemia, fever and multiple epiphyseal separation of the right shoulder and the left knee. Diagnosis of scurvy was been made. The aim of this article was to underline the rarity and gravity of this disease, and its even more frequent appearance in children affected of cerebral palsy. Substitutive therapy consists on ascorbic acid supplementation. Complete restitutio ad integrum of skin-mucous injuries, such as gingival bleedings, was achieved within three months.
|
['Bone Diseases', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'Child', 'Epiphyses', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Scurvy']
| 19,752,853
|
[['C05.116'], ['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A02.835.232.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.454.800', 'C15.378.463.515.800', 'C18.654.521.500.133.115.661']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Echocardiographic evaluation of the ductal morphology in patients with refractoriness to lipo-prostaglandin E1 therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: Lipo-prostaglandin (PG)E1 is effective at lower doses and has fewer side effects than PGE1-cyclodextrin (CD). Previous studies, however, have suggested that some patients show refractoriness to lipo-PGE1 in the course of treatment. The present paper examines: (i) whether such cases can be predicted by examining the ductal morphology before and 24 h after the start of lipo-PGE1 infusion; and (ii) whether PGE1-CD dilates the ductus arteriosus in patients with refractoriness to lipo-PGE1.METHODS: The ductal morphology was evaluated with two echo indices, such as minimal and minimal plus maximal intraluminal diameters of the ductus. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 24 patients with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease. The two echo indices were measured before and 24 h after lipo-PGE1 infusion and also at least twice per week until surgery.RESULTS: In 19 of 24 patients, ductal patency was maintained until surgical treatment (group A). The remaining five patients (21%) showed ductal closure during the course of the lipo-PGE1 therapy (group B). There were no significant differences between the two groups, in either the maximal or minimal diameters, which were examined before and 24 h after treatment. In the five patients of group B, lipo-PGE1 was replaced with a relatively high dosage of PGE1-CD (50-100 ng/kg per min), resulting in good ductal patency until surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with refractoriness to lipo-PGE1 therapy could not be predicted from initial intraluminal diameters of the ductus using echocardiography. Therefore, serial echocardiographic examinations are important to detect early findings of ductal closure. In addition, PGE1-CD is still useful as back-up therapy in such patients.
|
['Alprostadil', 'Drug Resistance', 'Ductus Arteriosus', 'Echocardiography', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 10,804,727
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['A07.541.278.395', 'A16.378.303.395'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analysis of lymph node metastasis factors in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma].
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and to evaluate the significance of the selective neck dissection.METHOD: Records of 82 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty patients were received a selective neck dissection (Group 1), while twenty-two were not (Group 2).RESULT: In Group 1, 13 patients were found metastasis. The incidence of metastasis was 21. 67% (13/60). The frequency of nodal metastasis with a carcinoma < 0.7 cm was 4.76%, while > or = 0.7 cm was 30.77% (P < 0.05). All patients were followed-up from 9 to 14 years (mean 59.8 months). No patients relapsed or died, and no one was found distant metastasis.CONCLUSION: The papillary thyroid microcarcinoma had a high tendency to metastasize. It is more significant to perform selective neck dissection in tumors > or = 0.7 cm.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Papillary', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck Dissection', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 17,969,517
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.085'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.446.318', 'E04.580.411'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Event-related potentials when identifying or color-naming threatening schematic stimuli in spider phobic and non-phobic individuals.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous studies revealed increased parietal late positive potentials (LPPs) in response to spider pictures in spider phobic individuals. This study searched for basic features of fear-relevant stimuli by investigating whether schematic spider images are sufficient to evoke differential behavioral as well as differential early and late ERP responses in spider phobic, social phobic (as a clinical control group), and non-phobic control participants.METHODS: Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of the processing of schematic spider and flower images were investigated while participants performed a color (emotional Stroop) and an object identification task. Stimuli were schematic pictures of spiders and flowers matched with respect to constituting visual elements.RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies using photographic spider pictures, spider phobic persons showed enhanced LPPs when identifying schematic spiders compared to schematic flowers. In addition, spider phobic individuals showed generally faster responses than the control groups. This effect was interpreted as evidence for an increased general behavioral hypervigilance in this anxiety disorder group. Furthermore, both phobic groups showed enhanced P100 amplitudes compared to controls, which was interpreted as evidence for an increased (cortical) hypervigilance for incoming stimuli in phobic patients in general. Finally, all groups showed faster identification of and larger N170 amplitudes in response to schematic spider than flower pictures. This may reflect either a general advantage for fear-relevant compared to neutral stimuli, or might be due to a higher level of expertise in processing schematic spiders as compared to the more artificially looking flower stimuli.CONCLUSION: Results suggest that schematic spiders are sufficient to prompt differential responses in spider-fearful and spider-non-fearful persons in late ERP components. Early ERP components, on the other hand, seem to be modified by anxiety status per se, which is consistent with recent theories on general hypervigilance in the anxiety disorder spectrum.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Color', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Phobic Disorders', 'Spiders', 'Visual Perception']
| 16,981,991
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['F03.080.725'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.803'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection on the sperm-egg binding associated molecule, sulfogalactosylglycerolipid].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection on the sperm-egg binding associated molecule, sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG).METHODS: Epididymal sperm was collected from adult mice. The sperm suspension was randomly divided into 4 groups: Uu group (coincubated with Uu suspension), medium group (coincubated with Uu medium), normal group and PRS group. The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to localize SGG on the sperm membrane and to observe the influence of Uu on SGG.RESULTS: In the epididymal sperm, SGG was localized to the head plasma membrane overlaying the acrosomal region. The SGG-positive rate of the sperm coincubated with Uu medium was 82.0%, while that of the sperm coincubated with Uu suspension was reduced to 39.0% (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: Uu can adhere to the sperm surface. SGG might be a membrane receptor on the sperm surface for Uu infection of the mammalian male genital tract. The blockage of SGG by Uu might be one of the molecular mechanisms correlative to male infertility induced by Uu infection.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Galactolipids', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Random Allocation', 'Sperm-Ovum Interactions', 'Spermatozoa', 'Ureaplasma Infections', 'Ureaplasma urealyticum']
| 15,497,702
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D09.400.410.209', 'D10.390.355'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G08.686.784.277.800'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.850'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.900.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Demographics, presentation, and clinical outcomes after traumatic bifrontal contusions: a systematic review.
|
Traumatic bifrontal contusions (TBC) form a recognised clinical entity among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to systematically review current literature on demographics, management, and predictors of outcomes of patients with TBC. A multi-database literature search (PubMed, Cochrane, OVID Medline/Embase) was performed using PRISMA as a search strategy. Studies were selected by predefined selection criteria (PROSPERO: CRD42018055390), and risk of bias was assessed using an adapted form of ROBINS-I tool. Of the 275 studies yielded by the literature search, seven articles met the criteria for inclusion, all of which were level III evidence. Total cohort consisted of 468 patients; predominantly male (n = 5; 303/417 patients) with average age 44.3 years (range, 7-81). Falls (44.9%) and road traffic accidents (46.6%) were the commonest mechanisms of injury with an average presentation GCS of 9.2 (n = 3, 119 patients). GCS on admission of ? 13.1 and contusion volume at day 2 post-injury of ? 62.9cm3 were associated with increased risk of deterioration needing surgical interventions (n = 1, 7 patients). The majority of patients underwent surgery; the average GOS was 4, at an average follow-up duration of 11.7 months (n = 6, 356 patients). The currently available evidence on the management of TBC is scarce. Larger multicentre well-designed studies are needed to further delineate the factors behind acute deterioration, the effectiveness of management options. Once in place, this can be used to develop and test an algorithmic approach to management of TBC resulting in consistently improved outcomes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Injuries', 'Brain Injuries, Traumatic', 'Child', 'Contusions', 'Demography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 31,098,790
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['C10.228.140.199.444', 'C10.900.300.087.235', 'C26.915.300.200.194'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C26.974.250'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
NLS-Cholic Acid Conjugation to IL-5Rá-Specific Antibody Improves Cellular Accumulation and In Vivo Tumor-Targeting Properties in a Bladder Cancer Model.
|
Receptor-mediated internalization followed by trafficking and degradation of antibody-conjugates (ACs) via the endosomal-lysosomal pathway is the major mechanism for delivering molecular payloads inside target tumor cells. Although a mainstay for delivering payloads with clinically approved ACs in cancer treatment and imaging, tumor cells are often able to decrease intracellular payload concentrations and thereby reduce the effectiveness of the desired application. Thus, increasing payload intracellular accumulation has become a focus of attention for designing next-generation ACs. We developed a composite compound (ChAcNLS) that enables ACs to escape endosome entrapment and route to the nucleus resulting in the increased intracellular accumulation as an interleukin-5 receptor á-subunit (IL-5Rá)-targeted agent for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We constructed 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS, 64Cu-A14-NLS, and 64Cu-A14 and evaluated their performance by employing mechanistic studies for endosome escape coupled to nuclear routing and determining whether this delivery system results in improved 64Cu cellular accumulation. ACs consisting of ?20 ChAcNLS or NLS moieties per 64Cu-A14 were prepared in good yield, high monomer content, and maintaining high affinity for IL-5Rá. Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated ChAcNLS mediated efficient endosome escape and nuclear localization. 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS increased 64Cu cellular accumulation in HT-1376 and HT-B9 cells relative to 64Cu-A14 and 64Cu-A14-NLS. In addition, we tested 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS in vivo to evaluate its tissue distribution properties and, ultimately, tumor uptake and targeting. A model of human IL-5Rá MIBC was developed by implanting NOD/SCID mice with subcutaneous HT-1376 or HT-B9MIBC tumors, which grow containing high and low IL-5Rá-positive tumor cell densities, respectively. ACs were intravenously injected, and daily blood sampling, biodistribution at 48 and 96 h, and positron emission tomography (PET) at 24 and 48 h were performed. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was also performed on reconstructed PET images. Pharmacokinetic analysis and biodistribution studies showed that 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS had faster clearance rates from the blood and healthy organs relative to 64Cu-A14. However, 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS maintained comparable tumor accumulation relative to 64Cu-A14. This resulted in 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS having superior tumor/normal tissue ratios at both 48 and 96 h biodistribution time points. Visualization of AC distribution by PET and ROI analysis confirmed that 64Cu-A14-ChAcNLS had improved targeting of MIBC tumor relative to 64Cu-A14. In addition, 64Cu-A14 modified with only NLS had poor tumor targeting. This was a result of poor tumor uptake due to extremely rapid clearance. Thus, the overall findings in this model of human IL-5Rá-positive MIBC describe an endosome escape-nuclear localization cholic-acid-linked peptide that substantially enhances AC cellular accumulation and tumor targeting.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cholic Acid', 'Copper Radioisotopes', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Humans', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 29,433,309
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.130', 'D04.210.500.221.430.130'], ['D01.496.749.270'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580', 'D27.888.569.257'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.380.750'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Feasibility of a left atrial electrical disconnection procedure for atrial fibrillation using transcatheter radiofrequency ablation.
|
INTRODUCTION: An effective, catheter-based treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. This study assessed the feasibility of transcatheter left atrial (LA) electrical disconnection and its effect on AF inducibility.METHOD AND RESULTS: Thirteen anesthetized swine underwent noncontact mapping of the right atrium (RA) during coronary sinus (CS) pacing. Sites of earliest RA activation were identified using isopotential maps. An ablation catheter was navigated to these sites and a cluster of radiofrequency (RF) lesions applied until earliest activation shifted to a new site. The procedure was repeated until the atria were electrically disconnected. AF induction was attempted before and after ablation. Earliest RA activation was the CS os during proximal CS pacing and Bachmann's bundle during distal CS pacing. These two sites were successfully ablated in all 13 animals. Earliest activation then shifted to the fossa ovalis. RF energy was applied at a median of 2.5 sites (range 1 to 5) around the fossa, then at sites in the triangle of Koch, septum, cavotricuspid isthmus, and posterior wall. Atrial electrical disconnection was achieved in 10 of 13 animals (5 LA electrical disconnection, 3 RA electrical disconnection, 2 biatrial electrical disconnection with complete heart block). After atrial electrical disconnection, the LA became electrically silent. Before ablation, AF was inducible in every animal. After atrial electrical disconnection, AF was inducible in 3 of 10 animals.CONCLUSION: Atrial electrical disconnection is feasible using noncontact mapping and RF ablation. Successful electrical disconnection of the atria reduces AF inducibility. This approach is worthy of further evaluation as a management strategy for persistent AF, combined with device therapies.
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Body Surface Potential Mapping', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Heart Septum', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Necrosis', 'Swine', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,761,416
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.850.100', 'E01.370.405.240.850.100'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['A07.541.358'], ['A07.541.409'], ['A07.541.459'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['C23.550.717'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Multi- and Unifocal Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Are There Any Differences?
|
BACKGROUND: Thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC) often occurs as two or more separate foci, therefore a completion of primary surgery might be necessary.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the incidence, diagnostic accuracy, clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment of unifocal and multifocal thyroid microcarcinoma (UTMC vs. MTMC).MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 3,218 medical records of patients consecutively admitted and surgically treated in one center due to thyroid pathology.RESULTS: In the end, we evaluated 246 (7.64%) patients with thyroid malignancy. Ninety-seven of them (39.43%) were diagnosed as TMC: 84 (86.59%) UTMC and 13 (13.41%) MTMC (p < 0.0001). All MTMC were unilateral tumors. The papillary type of cancer was found in 82 (97.62%) patients with UTMC and in 12 (92.31%) with MTMC (p = 0.8661). In the UTMC group, 1 (1.19%) patient had follicular and 1 (1.19%) the medullary type of TMC. 1 (7.69%) individual in the MTMC group had tumors composed of papillary and follicular cancer. The number of younger patients (age < 45) was comparable in both groups (p = 0.825). The trend was observed that ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (UG-FNAB) revealed malignant processes before surgery in a greater number of patients with MTMC than UTMC (84.62% vs. 58.33%, p = 0.131). In the MTMC group, the number of larger tumors (> 5 mm) was greater (84.62% vs. 65.48%), however the difference was not statistically significant. Thirteen percent of patients with UTMC presented cervical lymph node involvement, compared to nearly 8% of patients with MTMC (p = 0.298). Disease-related mortality was not observed in either group.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UTMC was significantly higher than MTMC. The majority of UTMC and MTMC were composed of the papillary type of cancer. MTMC and UTMC were equally frequent in both age groups. The accuracy of UG-FNAB was higher in patients with MTMC. The dimensions of most UTMC and MTMC was above 5 mm. The involvement of the cervical lymph node at the time of diagnosis in both groups is comparable and not infrequent.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy']
| 27,629,737
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A06.300.900'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E04.270.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Relation of depressive symptoms to the structure of self-knowledge in childhood.
|
Measures of positive, negative, and total self-complexity (or self-concept differentiation), self-compartmentalization, self-reported negative events, and self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and conduct disorder were completed by 4th-, 6th-, and 8th-grade public school students. Measures of self-complexity and self-compartmentalization related positively to depression. Results were consistent across grade level. Controlling for anxiety and conduct disorder did not attenuate these effects. Results for positive and negative self-complexity were essentially equivalent to those for total self-complexity. Interactions between self-complexity and negative event and between self-compartmentalization and differential importance were not significant. The authors propose that self-complexity in childhood constitutes a response to negative self-relevant information sometimes conveyed by negative events. The authors conjecture that self-complexity does not buffer the impact of negative events in childhood but may serve as a buffer later in life.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anxiety', 'Awareness', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Change Events', 'Male', 'Personality Development', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychometrics', 'Self Concept']
| 8,952,186
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['F01.752.747'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F01.752.747.792']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prospection, Perseverance, and Insight in Sequential Behavior.
|
Real-world decisions have benefits occurring only later and dependent on additional decisions taken in the interim. We investigated this in a novel decision-making task in humans (n = 76) while measuring brain activity with fMRI (n = 24). Modeling revealed that participants computed the prospective value of decisions: they planned their future behavior taking into account how their decisions might affect which states they would encounter and how they themselves might respond in these states. They considered their own likely future behavioral biases (e.g., failure to adapt to changes in prospective value) and avoided situations in which they might be prone to such biases. Three neural networks in adjacent medial frontal regions were linked to distinct components of prospective decision making: activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, area 8 m/9, and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex reflected prospective value, anticipated changes in prospective value, and the degree to which prospective value influenced decisions.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Nerve Net', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Young Adult']
| 30,189,202
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.511'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inverse gas chromatography: considerations about appropriate use for amorphous and crystalline powders.
|
The use of inverse gas chromatography to assess surface properties of a range of pharmaceutical powders was examined. The powders were two sources of hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and acyclovir. These were selected to cover a range for properties from amorphous to crystalline, hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and high to low aqueous solubility. It was found that many powders gave a similar value for the dispersive surface energy, which is surprising given the differences in chemical nature. It is likely that this is due to the use of infinite dilution giving rise to the study of specific regions of the powder surface only. The values obtained for dispersive energies were not influenced by packing mass or flow rate of the carrier gas. The retention of polar probes on the column was a concern for the amorphous HPMC samples. This gave rise to derived values for acid-base nature which varied depending on sample mass and carrier gas flow rate. The data show that care must be taken when studying amorphous samples for which it is possible to obtain diffusion into the material rather than just surface adsorption of probes. Despite these problems, it was still possible to differentiate between the samples (including differences between the two HPMC samples) by use of polar probes. It was also possible to see differences in absorption into the sample, reflecting the different physical forms. For example, microcrystalline cellulose behaved very differently to HPMC. It can be concluded that inverse gas chromatography is a valuable characterization tool, but it must be used with care especially with respect to polar probes on amorphous samples.
|
['Acyclovir', 'Cellulose', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Crystallization', 'Excipients', 'Hypromellose Derivatives', 'Methylcellulose', 'Powders', 'Pressure', 'Solubility', 'Stearic Acids', 'Surface Properties', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 12,761,817
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.250'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.357', 'D09.698.365.180.455', 'D25.720.099.500.719', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500.719'], ['D09.698.365.180.663'], ['D26.255.779'], ['G01.374.715'], ['G02.805'], ['D10.251.882'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
'It's caveman stuff, but that is to a certain extent how guys still operate': men's accounts of masculinity and help seeking.
|
It is often assumed that men are reluctant to seek medical care. However, despite growing interest in masculinity and men's health, few studies have focussed on men's experiences of consultation in relation to their constructions of masculinity. Those that have are largely based on men with diseases of the male body (testicular and prostate cancer) or those which have been stereotyped as male (coronary heart disease). This paper presents discussions and experiences of help seeking and its relation to, and implications for, the practice of masculinity amongst a diversity of men in Scotland, as articulated in focus group discussions. The discussions did indeed suggest a widespread endorsement of a 'hegemonic' view that men 'should' be reluctant to seek help, particularly amongst younger men. However, they also included instances which questioned or went against this apparent reluctance to seek help. These were themselves linked with masculinity: help seeking was more quickly embraced when it was perceived as a means to preserve or restore another, more valued, enactment of masculinity (e.g. working as a fire-fighter, or maintaining sexual performance or function). Few other studies have emphasised how men negotiate deviations from the hegemonic view of help-seeking.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Communication', 'Focus Groups', 'Gender Identity', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Men', 'Middle Aged', 'Narration', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Qualitative Research', 'Scotland', 'Sex Factors', 'Stereotyping']
| 15,899,311
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['M01.390'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.502', 'F01.145.209.459', 'L01.399.250.660', 'N05.715.360.300.480', 'N06.850.520.308.502'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.100.920', 'F01.145.813.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Protective effect of phosphorylated Hsp27 in coronary arteries through actin stabilization.
|
There is evidence for an inverse association between cellular expression of Hsp27 and vascular disease with carotid plaques, endarterectomy specimens, and cardiac biopsies investigated to date. Here we compare non-diseased coronary arteries from human heart transplant donors and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with no evidence of coronary artery disease, to coronary arteries from patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in order to determine abundance of phosphorylated Hsp27 (phospho-Hsp27) in plaque-free diseased vessels and elucidate how this protective effect is brought about through protein regulation. Western blotting identified phospho-Hsp27, phosphorylated on Ser82, Ser78, and Ser15, to be specifically decreased in IHD, but not DCM, compared to non-diseased vessels. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these results and revealed phospho-Hsp27 was located within both smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Disease-free coronary arteries and from patients with IHD were then subjected to 2-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis to detect proteins with altered abundance, which were subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. Hsp27 showed decreased abundance in ischemic vessels as expected. The expression of cytoskeletal proteins, namely vimentin was significantly reduced, while transgelin and tropomyosin showed significantly increased abundance in vessels with IHD. Immunohistochemistry studies suggested an increase in G-actin abundance to be present within IHD vessels. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that phospho-Hsp27 protects against vascular disease possibly by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton within endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells.
|
['Actins', 'Biomarkers', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Phosphorylation', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 20,600,103
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D23.101'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['D12.776.580.216.270.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gas-chromatographic assay for thiopental in plasma, with use of a nitrogen-specific detector.
|
An accurate, sensitive, and specific gas-liquid-chromatographic procedure is described for determining concentrations of thiopental in human plasma. After a double extraction of 0.2 or 1.0 mL of plasma containing phenobarbital as an internal standard, thiopental and the internal standard are derivatized in a polar non-aqueous solvent system with iodomethane. The reaction mixture is then evaporated, the residue reconstituted with ethyl acetate, and 20 microL injected into a 3% OV-17 column of a gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Linearity and reproducibility over the concentration range 25 microgram/L to 10 mg/L in plasma are excellent. The sensitivity and wide range of linearity exhibited by this method permit thorough characterization of the disposition of thiopental after the usual induction doses of 3-4 mg/kg of body weight.
|
['Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Humans', 'Nitrogen', 'Reference Standards', 'Thiopental']
| 7,449,092
|
[['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['E05.978.808'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.800.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of small regions (1 mL) localized inside superficial human tumors. A clinical feasibility study.
|
It is demonstrated that the stimulated echo technique for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to study metabolites in volumes of interest (VOIs) as small as 1 mL localized within superficial human tumors. Access to these small VOIs is important for characterization of tissue regions within a tumor, before, during and after treatment. Spectral appearance resembles that from studies on extracts, and cell suspensions and perfused cells of several tumor types. For the first time proton MRS was used to study cancer treatment in vivo in humans, for a case of radiation treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. No spectral evidence of changed metabolism prior to reduction in tumor size was found. However, after the first period of radiation (39 Gy, 4 weeks), complete disappearance of the metabolite resonances from the spectrum was observed, while a considerable mass still remained, suggesting effective cell destruction upon treatment. Needle aspiration cytology of this mass showed absence of malignant cells, supporting this result.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protons']
| 1,963,074
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of sleep loss on delta (0.3-3 Hz) EEG and eye movement density: new observations and hypotheses.
|
One night's sleep loss in young adults increased delta (0.3-3 Hz) EEG only in the first non-REM period of recovery sleep. The delta increase was limited to frequencies 0.3-4 Hz; within this range, the effects on wave form periods and amplitudes differed by frequency band. These results illustrate the value of computer analysis applied to the physiological units of sleep (the successive non-REM and REM periods of each sleep cycle). The finding that all of the delta increase occurred in the first sleep cycle appears inconsistent with the exponential decline of delta across cycles predicted by 'recovery' models of sleep. The fact that wave periods and amplitudes are differentially affected by sleep loss indicates that it is premature to adopt any single wave form characteristic (e.g., power spectral density) to index delta sleep. Our data also confirm a recent report that eye movement density decreases after sleep loss; we hypothesize that this change results from greater depth of sleep; an inverse relation of depth of sleep to eye movement density provides a coherent explanation for a range of otherwise disparate observations. Lastly, we propose a new hypothesis to account for the presence of eye movement during REM sleep.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Eye Movements', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'Sleep, REM']
| 2,441,955
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of fluid bolus administration rates using ruggedized field intravenous systems.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 ruggedized field intravenous (IV) systems currently in use by US military medics and to determine their effect on fluid bolus administration rates.METHODS: A series of 500 mL fluid boluses consisting of either Lactated Ringer's solution or Hextend were delivered to 2 artificial intravenous training arms using a standard 18G catheter (control) and 2 separate ruggedized field IV systems. Fluid boluses were delivered under both gravity force and pressure infusion (constant 300 mm Hg), and total bolus times were recorded.RESULTS: Using Lactated Ringer's solution, the standard IV system took a mean time of 9:33 minutes (95% CI: 9:13-9:54) to deliver a 500 mL fluid bolus whereas the 2 ruggedized field systems took mean times of 14:50 minutes (95% CI: 14:00-15:40) and 12:20 minutes (95% CI: 11:54-12:45). Using Hextend, the mean bolus time for the control system was 24:39 minutes (95% CI: 22:47-26:32). The 2 ruggedized field systems required an average of 49:32 minutes (95% CI: 48:07-50:58) and 39:46 minutes (95% CI: 37:30-42:01) to deliver an equivalent bolus. Pressure infusion significantly increased flow rate in all systems.CONCLUSIONS: Ruggedized field IV systems can significantly delay fluid bolus rates. In instances where ruggedized field systems are deemed necessary, pressure infusion devices should be considered to overcome the constrictive effects of the ruggedized system.
|
['Fluid Therapy', 'Humans', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Military Medicine', "Ringer's Lactate"]
| 24,631,229
|
[['E02.319.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.776.498'], ['H02.403.500'], ['D26.776.498.500.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antibodies against specific membrane proteins of neurosecretory granules isolated from bovine neural lobes.
|
Membrane proteins from bovine neurosecretory granules isolated by density gradient centrifugation were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A doublet of 120 kDa and and 67 kDa bands were identified as specific proteins of the neurosecretory granule membrane. Antibodies against the 120 kDa doublet were raised in rabbits and characterized by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Analysis of the antiserum by western blotting showed that this recognizes mainly the 120 kDa doublet and some other minor components which seem to be degradation products. The antiserum against the 120 kDa proteins stained, by immunocytochemistry, specifically the supraoptic and paraventricular neurons of the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. In the neural lobe the immunoreaction was found around blood vessels on structures which appear to be nerve endings and on Herring bodies. Immunoelectron microscopy using protein A-gold showed that the 120 kDa antigens are located on the membrane of neurosecretory granules in sections of rat neural lobes. The presence of the 120 kDa antigens exclusively in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system suggests that these proteins are probably not involved in a general secretory mechanism and that they might be a result of the tissue-specific expression of proteins.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Cattle', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Pituitary Gland, Posterior', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Supraoptic Nucleus']
| 2,725,945
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.242.251'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.543'], ['A06.300.747.875', 'A06.688.178.875', 'A06.688.357.750.875', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.875', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.875', 'A08.713.049.875', 'A08.713.357.750.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.650', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sequence and expression divergence of the AOC gene family in soybean: insights into functional diversity for stress responses.
|
As a signaling molecule, jasmonate plays a crucial role in orchestrating plant defense responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Allene oxide cyclase (AOC: EC5.3.99.6) catalyzes the most important step in the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway. Six AOC genes were isolated from soybean, randomly distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 8, 13, 18 and 19. The six AOC proteins were clustered into three groups with similarity values ranging from 55 to 95%. Real-time PCR revealed that the AOC genes have specific and complex expression patterns in multiple organs and under several stresses. Overexpression of GmAOC1 and GmAOC5 gene in transgenic tobacco, respectively enhanced tolerance to salinity and oxidative stresses. Such a large diversity within the AOC gene family might be an adaptive mechanism that developed during soybean genome evolution.
|
['Biosynthetic Pathways', 'DNA, Plant', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Order', 'Genetic Variation', 'Intramolecular Oxidoreductases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Phylogeny', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology', 'Soybeans', 'Tobacco']
| 21,626,009
|
[['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.340'], ['G05.365'], ['D08.811.399.475'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1E caused by a novel p.Phe84Leufs*24 PMP22 point mutation.
|
We report a severe phenotype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1E caused by a novel p.Phe84Leufs*24 PMP22 point mutation. Ultrastructural examination of a nerve biopsy showed non- or partly myelinated axons which were surrounded by "onion bulb" formations mainly composed of concentric basement membranes and characterized by the presence of prominent concentric or longitudinal collagen fibrils interspersed with basement membranes. PMP22 point mutations are rare and responsible for polyneuropathies often demyelinating with onion bulb formations composed of concentric and redundant basement membranes. Entrapment of prominent collagen fibrils within onion bulb formations is unusual, even in the large spectrum of CMT disease with long duration and severe damage.
|
['Adult', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Point Mutation', 'Sural Nerve']
| 23,781,966
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.500.300.200', 'C10.574.500.495.200', 'C10.668.829.800.300.200', 'C16.131.666.300.200', 'C16.320.400.375.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An exploratory analysis of associations of diet, sun exposure, and body composition with 25OHD at five years of age: Findings from the ROLO Kids Study.
|
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is the main circulating form of vitamin D in the blood. Vitamin D status in adults is determined by numerous factors such as oral intake, skin generation, and body composition. However, there is limited understanding regarding determinants of 25OHD in young children. The aim of this study was to identify modifiable factors that may act as determinants of 25OHD at five years of age. Analysis conducted on 79 children from the ROLO Kids study. Dietary intakes and dietary habits were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and levels of sun exposure were assessed using a lifestyle questionnaire, both completed by the mother. Child weight, height, and skinfolds were measured. Vitamin D status was sufficient (25OHD > 50 nmol/L) in 61% of the participants. Neither reported dietary vitamin D nor calcium intake was significantly associated with 25OHD. Intakes of standard milk, eggs, and oily fish were not associated with 25OHD. However, reported consumption of fortified milk, and more than 7 bowls of cereal a week were independently associated with higher 25OHD (p < 0.001 and p = 0.049, respectively). Sun exposure (measured as obtaining at least half an hour of sun per day) was not significantly associated with 25OHD, but reported use of sunscreen was associated with higher 25OHD (p = 0.016). There was no association of body composition with 25OHD. These findings suggest the primacy of dietary and lifestyle habits as indicators of 25OHD in early childhood. This may have utility in identifying at-risk individuals for public health campaigns about education surrounding dietary habits, which may be useful to ensure sufficient vitamin D status within this age group.
|
['Body Composition', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diet', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status', 'Sunlight', 'Sunscreening Agents', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 30,605,775
|
[['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['D27.505.696.706.776.800', 'D27.505.954.444.695', 'D27.720.269.800', 'D27.720.799.763.764'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound detects gallbladder perforation in a patient with acute abdominal pain.
|
We present the case of a patient with abdominal pain, in which gallbladder perforation was detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. A 90-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with a complaint of acute abdominal pain and vomiting. An abdominal ultrasound revealed a thickened gallbladder wall and small amounts of perihepatic fluid. Because these findings were suspicious for gallbladder perforation and contrast-enhanced computed tomography could not be performed because of a history of monoclonal gammopathy, a contrast-enhanced ultrasound scan was performed. After the administration of 2.5 mL of SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy), a defect of the gallbladder wall was detected. The patient underwent laparotomy, on which the diagnosis of gallbladder perforation was confirmed.
|
['Abdomen, Acute', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cholecystitis', 'Contrast Media', 'Gallbladder Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phospholipids', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Sulfur Hexafluoride', 'Ultrasonography']
| 21,447,432
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054.200', 'C23.888.821.030.249'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C06.130.564.263'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C06.130.564'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.755'], ['C23.300.909'], ['D01.303.350.300.900', 'D01.362.820', 'D01.875.812'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A case of a patient with protein C deficiency presenting with concurrent thromboses in the pulmonary arteries and innominate artery: a suggestive computed tomographic finding of thrombophilia.
|
The incidence of arterial thrombosis in patients with protein C deficiency is relatively low compared with that of venous thrombosis. To our knowledge, there is no previously published report of a protein C deficiency patient with simultaneous thromboses in the pulmonary artery and innominate artery in the English literature. We present a case of a protein C deficiency in which the presence of concurrent clots in the pulmonary arteries and innominate artery demonstrated on a pulmonary computed tomographic angiography provided an important clue permitting diagnosis of the deficiency.
|
['Adult', 'Brachiocephalic Trunk', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Protein C Deficiency', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombophilia', 'Thrombosis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Warfarin']
| 22,487,990
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114.145'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.100.100.690', 'C15.378.147.880', 'C15.378.925.795', 'C16.320.099.690'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C15.378.925'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.520.914', 'D03.633.100.150.446.520.914']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Robotic thoracic surgery: an evolution in progress for the treatment of lung cancer.
|
The field of robotic thoracic surgery has exploded in the last five years. Robotic technology allows the surgeon to perform complex operations with smaller incisions. As robotic systems become smaller, more efficient and the surgeons gain more experience, the results will continue to improve. The goal is less trauma to the patient which will decrease hospital stay, complications and lower health care costs, while allowing faster healing and productivity.
|
['Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Robotics', 'Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted']
| 22,953,595
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['E01.370.388.250.840.830', 'E01.370.388.250.950.830', 'E04.502.250.840.830', 'E04.502.250.950.830', 'E04.928.752.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells by an anti-epidermal growth factor-receptor single chain fragment variable antibody-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv425-sTRAIL).
|
BACKGROUND: Progressive liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that may result in liver failure. Activated hepatic stellate cells are known to play a central role in this process and their elimination is a crucial step towards the resolution and reversion of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the potential application of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor single chain fragment variable antibody-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv425-sTRAIL) fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: Activated hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cells) were treated by adenovirus-derived scFv425-sTRAIL to evaluate its effect on the viability and extracellular matrix production of this type of cells.RESULTS: In vitro treatment of activated hepatic stellate cells with scFv425-sTRAIL induced a significant reduction in viability (up to 100% reduction) and extracellular matrix production (60% reduction), yet no significant effect was observed on hepatic parenchymal cells. Blockage of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the effectiveness of scFv425-sTRAIL in activated hepatic stellate cells, whereas a reduced effectivity was also observed after inhibition of the caspase pathway.CONCLUSIONS: Evidence is presented for the successful application of the scFv425-sTRAIL fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells via EGFR and simultaneous activation of the caspase pathway. scFv425-sTRAIL may thus represent a new therapeutic compound against liver fibrosis.
|
['Actins', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspase 7', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Collagen Type I', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Hepatic Stellate Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Single-Chain Antibodies', 'TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand']
| 25,088,657
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.700', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.700', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.700', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.700'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['A11.561'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.785', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.795'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.625', 'D12.776.467.374.750.625', 'D23.529.374.750.625']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
FGF8 and FGFR3 are up-regulated in hypertrophic chondrocytes: Association with chondrocyte death in deep zone of Kashin-Beck disease.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate FGF8 and FGFR3 expression in clinical samples of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteochondropathy found in China, as well as in pre-clinical models of this disease.METHOD: Cartilage was collected from the hand phalanges of five patients with KBD and from five healthy children. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a selenium-deficient diet for four weeks prior to exposure to the T-2 toxin. ATDC5 cells were differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes for twenty-one days, and then treated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) (0, 1, 3, or 5 mM) for 24 h. FGF8 and FGFR3 were visualized using immunohistochemistry; protein levels were assessed by western blotting, and mRNA levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS: Increased staining of FGF8 and FGFR3 was observed in the cartilage of children with KBD compared to normal children. Both increased FGF8 and FGFR3 staining, as well as protein levels, were also observed in the cartilage of rats fed normal or Se-deficient diets plus T-2 toxin exposure, compared to those in rats fed with normal or Se-deficient diets alone. SIN-1 treatment of hypertrophic chondrocytes (ATCD5 cells) increased FGF8 and FGFR3 protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that SIN-1 induces FGF8 and FGFR3 overexpression and this is involved in the abnormal terminal differentiation and degradation of the ECM in cartilage. FGF8 and FGFR3 may therefore play an important role in the onset of deep zone necrosis and pathogenesis in KBD in adolescent children.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chondrocytes', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 8', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Kashin-Beck Disease', 'Male', 'Molsidomine', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3', 'Up-Regulation']
| 29,626,475
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['G04.146'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.329.171'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.276.624.180', 'D12.776.467.624.180', 'D23.529.624.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['C05.116.099.708.534'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.693.450', 'D03.383.533.640.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.179', 'D12.776.543.750.630.442', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.370.875', 'D12.776.624.664.700.792'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increased autoantibody production by NZB/NZW B cells in response to IL-5.
|
We previously demonstrated that B cells from NZB/NZW but not nonautoimmune mice secrete high levels of autoantibodies in response to factor(s) derived from type 2 Th cell (Th2) clones. Supernatants from type 1 Th cell clones, which contain a different set of lymphokines, were not stimulatory. In the present experiments, we attempted to define the active Th2 factor(s) and to better understand the cellular basis for the hyperresponsiveness. In response to optimal concentrations of supernatant (Th2-Sup), B cells from 3-mo-old NZB/NZW mice produced up to 40-fold greater amounts of IgM anti-DNA compared with unstimulated B cells, whereas BALB/c B cells produced levels only slightly above background. Although Th2-Sup contained large amounts of IL-4, comparable concentrations of rIL-4 alone did not stimulate NZB/NZW B cells. Furthermore, a blocking anti-IL-4 mAb did not prevent Th2-Sup-stimulated autoantibody production. Th2-Sup was fractionated by HPLC, and the stimulatory factor(s) was found in fractions known to contain IL-5 (also known as B cell growth factor II). Indeed, a highly purified preparation of IL-5 reproduced the effects of Th2-Sup by stimulating NZB/NZW B cells to produce high levels of IgM anti-DNA antibodies while enhancing production by nonautoimmune cells only slightly. In limiting dilution studies, NZB/NZW compared with BALB/c spleens contained a three- to four-fold greater frequency of DNA-specific B cells that were responsive to IL-5. Together, the results suggest a potential role for IL-5 in the pathogenesis of NZB/NZW autoimmune disease.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Autoantibodies', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell-Free System', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukin-5', 'Interleukins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred NZB', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']
| 2,969,393
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['G12.300'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.580', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.580'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conserved interaction of Ctf18-RFC with DNA polymerase å is critical for maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Human Ctf18-RFC, a PCNA loader complex, interacts with DNA polymerase å (Polå) through a structure formed by the Ctf18, Dcc1 and Ctf8 subunits. The C-terminal stretch of Ctf18, which is highly conserved from yeast to human, is necessary to form the Polå-capturing structure. We found that in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ctf18, Dcc1 and Ctf8 formed the same structure through the conserved C-terminus and interacted specifically with Polå. Thus, the specific interaction of Ctf18-RFC with Polå is a conserved feature between these proteins. A C-terminal deletion mutant of Ctf18 (ctf18(ÄC) ) exhibited the same high sensitivity to hydroxyurea as the complete deletion strain (ctf18Ä) or ATPase-deficient mutant (ctf18(K189A) ), but was somewhat less sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate than either of them. These phenotypes were also observed in dcc1Ä and ctf8Ä, predicted to be deficient in the interaction with Polå. Furthermore, both plasmid loss and gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR) rates were increased in ctf18(ÄC) cells to the same extent as in ctf18Ä cells. These results indicate that the Ctf18-RFC/Polå interaction plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability in budding yeast, probably through recruitment of this PCNA loader to the replication fork.
|
['Animals', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA Polymerase II', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Genomic Instability', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Replication Protein C', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins']
| 26,987,677
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.230'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D12.776.260'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.438', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.438', 'D12.776.157.025.750.438', 'D12.776.260.702'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acetazolamide in prevention of acute mountain sickness.
|
A controlled comparative between-group study of 48 climbers ascending Kilimanjaro (5895m) was designed as an extension to our previous double-blind cross-over trial on the same peak in 1980, using acetazolamide to decrease the incidence and effects of Acute Mountain Sickness. A group taking acetazolamide 500 mg each morning for one day before reaching 3000m were compared with 3 control groups of Caucasian subjects and lowland and highland Africans. Efficacy was assessed on climbing performance and scores derived from symptoms recorded daily by subjects. Those taking acetazolamide reached higher altitudes and had lower symptom scores than those in control groups. The results support the use of acetazolamide as an effective prophylactic for Acute Mountain Sickness, for most people in a dose of 500 mg in the morning starting one day before ascent above 3000m. The optimal dose of prophylactic acetazolamide is not established, nor is the most appropriate time for medication prior to ascent.
|
['Acetazolamide', 'Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Altitude Sickness', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mountaineering']
| 3,533,677
|
[['D02.886.675.867.060', 'D03.383.129.708.867.060'], ['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C08.618.020'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I03.450.642.845.582']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Lipid bilayer with ion channels--a dipole with inductive properties].
|
A cyclic peptide-alamethicin forms cation selective channels in lipid bilayers. Anomalous behavior of bilayer capacitance observed during impedance measurements of the planar bilayer containing the peptide is reported. The band of the frequencies used is 30-30000 Hz. The bilayer capacitance measured at a given frequency depends on the value of constant voltage applied to the membrane in series with alternating field. The field dependent capacitance has a negative sign and is equivalent to the inductance so far as phase shift angle between voltage and current is considered. Absolute magnitude of the negative capacitance can exceed several times the geometrical capacitance of the bilayer. In the absence of the applied field the alamethicin molecules lie flat on the membrane surface. The applied field tilts the molecules through the hydrocarbon region of bilayer, so that now the long axis of the peptide monomer is perpendicular to the membrane plane. Lateral diffusion of monomers along the membrane plane results in the formation of oligomers-transmembrane ion channels, and appearance of membrane current. The time period between the moment of tilting of monomers across the lipid bilayer and the moment of the channel formation determines the phase shift between voltage and current seen as a negative capacitance during the impedance measurements.
|
['Electric Conductivity', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Biological', 'Phospholipids']
| 6,722,204
|
[['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D10.570.755']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The invasive cestode parasite Ligula from salmonids and bullies on the South Island, New Zealand.
|
Freshwater ecosystems are often impacted by biological invasions, including the introduction of exotic parasites capable of infecting native species. Here, we report the occurrence of the introduced tapeworm Ligula sp. from common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus, and quinnat salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in Lake Hawea, South Island, New Zealand. This parasite has a complex life cycle, reaching its adult stage in fish-eating birds. Worms recovered from the body cavity of fish hosts reached huge sizes (60-300 mm long); however, their low prevalence in fish populations suggests that infections are rare or localised. Molecular analysis (internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and ITS2 sequences) confirms that these specimens belong to the genus Ligula and suggests tentative routes of invasion into New Zealand. Monitoring the spread of this parasite is important, as it can impact fish populations and also, when infection levels are high, those of piscivorous birds.
|
['Animals', 'Cestoda', 'Cestode Infections', 'Ecosystem', 'Female', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fishes', 'Lakes', 'Male', 'New Zealand', 'Salmon']
| 29,177,582
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.215'], ['C01.610.335.190'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['C22.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G01.311.580', 'G16.500.275.280.500', 'N06.230.232.500'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Physiological effects of indomethacin and celecobix: an S-transform laser Doppler flowmetry signal analysis.
|
Conventional signal processing typically involves frequency selective techniques which are highly inadequate for nonstationary signals. In this paper, we present an approach to perform time-frequency selective processing of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) signals using the S-transform. The approach is motivated by the excellent localization, in both time and frequency, afforded by the wavelet basis functions. Suitably chosen Gaussian wavelet functions are used to characterize the subspace of signals that have a given localized time-frequency support, thus enabling a time-frequency partitioning of signals. In this paper, the goal is to study the influence of various pharmacological substances taken by the oral way (celecobix (Celebrex), indomethacin (Indocid) and placebo) on the physiological activity behaviour. The results show that no statistical differences are observed in the energy computed from the time-frequency representation of LDF signals, for the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial related metabolic activities between Celebrex and placebo, and Indocid and placebo. The work therefore proves that these drugs do not affect these physiological activities. For future physiological studies, there will therefore be no need to exclude patients having taken cyclo-oxygenase 1 inhibitions.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Celecoxib', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Laser-Doppler Flowmetry', 'Male', 'Pyrazoles', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Skin', 'Sulfonamides', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,843,729
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['D02.065.884.247', 'D02.886.590.700.247', 'D03.383.129.539.160'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['E01.370.370.475', 'E05.830.500'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['A17.815'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sentence retrieval for abstracts of randomized controlled trials.
|
BACKGROUND: The practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires clinicians to integrate their expertise with the latest scientific research. But this is becoming increasingly difficult with the growing numbers of published articles. There is a clear need for better tools to improve clinician's ability to search the primary literature. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the most reliable source of evidence documenting the efficacy of treatment options. This paper describes the retrieval of key sentences from abstracts of RCTs as a step towards helping users find relevant facts about the experimental design of clinical studies.METHOD: Using Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), a popular and successful method for natural language processing problems, sentences referring to Intervention, Participants and Outcome Measures are automatically categorized. This is done by extending a previous approach for labeling sentences in an abstract for general categories associated with scientific argumentation or rhetorical roles: Aim, Method, Results and Conclusion. Methods are tested on several corpora of RCT abstracts. First structured abstracts with headings specifically indicating Intervention, Participant and Outcome Measures are used. Also a manually annotated corpus of structured and unstructured abstracts is prepared for testing a classifier that identifies sentences belonging to each category.RESULTS: Using CRFs, sentences can be labeled for the four rhetorical roles with F-scores from 0.93-0.98. This outperforms the use of Support Vector Machines. Furthermore, sentences can be automatically labeled for Intervention, Participant and Outcome Measures, in unstructured and structured abstracts where the section headings do not specifically indicate these three topics. F-scores of up to 0.83 and 0.84 are obtained for Intervention and Outcome Measure sentences.CONCLUSION: Results indicate that some of the methodological elements of RCTs are identifiable at the sentence level in both structured and unstructured abstract reports. This is promising in that sentences labeled automatically could potentially form concise summaries, assist in information retrieval and finer-grained extraction.
|
['Abstracting and Indexing', 'Humans', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Natural Language Processing', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 19,208,256
|
[['L01.453.245.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.224.050.375.580'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endometrial and subendometrial blood flow measured by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in patients with small intramural uterine fibroids during IVF treatment.
|
BACKGROUND: The impact of intramural fibroids on the success of IVF treatment is controversial and the mechanisms leading to poor treatment outcomes remain unknown. We compared endometrial and subendometrial blood flow between women with and without intramural fibroids during IVF treatment.METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound examination with power Doppler was performed on the day of oocyte retrieval in 50 patients with intramural fibroids not distorting the uterine cavity and in 50 matched controls to measure endometrial thickness, uterine pulsatility index (PI)/resistance index (RI), endometrial volume and vascularization index (VI)/flow index (FI)/vascularization flow index (VFI) of endometrial and subendometrial regions. Smokers, patients with serum estradiol concentrations > or =20,000 pmol/l on the day of HCG and previous history of myomectomy were excluded.RESULTS: Endometrial thickness and pattern, averaged uterine PI and RI and endometrial and subendometrial VI/FI/VFI were similar between the fibroid group and the control group. There was no correlation between the total volume of fibroids and endometrial and subendometrial 3D power Doppler flow indices in the fibroid group.CONCLUSION: Endometrial and subendometrial 3D power Doppler flow indices were similar in patients with and without small intramural fibroids.
|
['Adult', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Leiomyoma', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler']
| 15,576,392
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E01.370.350.850.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Incorporation of lysozyme-rectorite composites into chitosan films for antibacterial properties enhancement.
|
The demand for designing antibacterial materials was quite substantial in packing and biomedical materials fields. Chitosan had a wide utilization to satisfy this demand. In this study, by incorporating lysozyme (LY) - rectorite (REC) into chitosan films, the ultimately obtained hybrid films can own the enhanced antibacterial properties and still remains good mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that LY and REC could be homogeneously distributed in the CS films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results verified that the LY-REC incorporation process was successful. Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that some intercalation reactions occurred between CS chains and REC. The hydrophobic properties of the CS films were increased by the addition of LY and REC, determined by water contact angle measurement. In comparison with CS films, the mechanical properties of the composite films after adding LY-REC were reduced by 27.58%, but still maintained high tensile strength. Besides, the antibacterial properties of the films could be enhanced by introducing LY-REC. This method exhibited great application value in the food packaging fields.
|
['Aluminum Silicates', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chitosan', 'Escherichia coli', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Minerals', 'Muramidase', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Temperature', 'Water']
| 28,450,247
|
[['D01.056.050.075', 'D01.578.725.025', 'D01.650.550.050.075', 'D01.837.725.700.760.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G01.374'], ['D01.578'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mitotic recombination in stable and unstable chromosome III disomics of Aspergillus nidulans.
|
Approximately 2% of the haploid breakdown sectors of heterozygous chromosome III disomics of Aspergillus nidulans are the result of recombination between the homologous chromosomes. The exchanges are concentrated between the two mutations spanning the centromere. Comparisons are made between disomics hemizygous for the sodIII A1 mutation (Upshall et al. 1979) which are stable when grown at 37 degrees C, and disomics carrying the wild type allele of the sodIII A1 locus, which are unstable under all conditions. It is shown that neither temperature nor the sodIII A1 mutation affect the frequency or pattern of recombination between the homologues.
|
['Aspergillus nidulans', 'Centromere', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Heterozygote', 'Mitosis', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 3,327,614
|
[['B01.300.381.081.420'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.165', 'G05.360.160.165'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A mutual activation loop between breast cancer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells facilitates spontaneous metastasis through IL-6 trans-signaling in a murine model.
|
INTRODUCTION: Tumor cell interactions with the microenvironment, especially those of bone-marrow-derived myeloid cells, are important in various aspects of tumor metastasis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been suggested to constitute tumor-favoring microenvironments. In this study, we elucidated a novel mechanism by which the MDSCs can mediate spontaneous distant metastasis of breast cancer cells.METHODS: Murine breast cancer cells, 4T1 and EMT6, were orthotopically grafted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic BALB/c mice. CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) MDSCs in the spleen, liver, lung and primary tumor mass were analyzed. To evaluate the role of MDSCs in the distant metastasis, MDSCs were depleted or reconstituted in tumor-bearing mice. To evaluate whether MDSCs in the metastasizing tumor microenvironment affect breast cancer cell behavior, MDSCs and cancer cells were co-cultivated. To investigate the role of MDSCs in in vivo metastasis, we blocked the interactions between MDSCs and cancer cells.RESULTS: Using a murine breast cancer cell model, we showed that murine breast cancer cells with high IL-6 expression recruited more MDSCs and that the metastasizing capacity of cancer cells paralleled MDSC recruitment in tumor-bearing mice. Metastasizing, but not non-metastasizing, tumor-derived factors induced MDSCs to increase IL-6 production and full activation of recruited MDSCs occurred in the primary tumor site and metastatic organ in the vicinity of metastasizing cancer cells, but not in lymphoid organs. In addition, tumor-expanded MDSCs expressed Adam-family proteases, which facilitated shedding of IL-6 receptor, thereby contributing to breast cancer cell invasiveness and distant metastasis through IL-6 trans-signaling. The critical role of IL-6 trans-signaling was confirmed in both the afferent and efferent pathways of metastasis.CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that metastasizing cancer cells induced higher MDSCs infiltration and prompted them to secret exaggerated IL-6 as well as soluble IL-6Ra, which, in turn, triggered a persistent increase of pSTAT3 in tumor cells. This potential tumor-MDSC axis involving IL-6 trans-signaling directly affected breast cancer cell aggressiveness, leading to spontaneous metastasis.
|
['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Mice', 'Myeloid Cells', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Phosphorylation', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Burden', 'Tumor Microenvironment']
| 24,021,059
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.400.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.627'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['G04.366.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Combretin A and Combretin B isolated from Combretum fragrans F. HOFFM (Combretaceae) leaves.
|
Previous pharmacological and phytochemical studies showed that, Combretum fragrans F. HOFFM (Combretaceae) is a Cameroonian medicinal plant possessing numerous therapeutic virtues and rich in various active secondary metabolites. In this study, we investigate in vivo anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity and, in vitro anticancer, anti-TNFá, ROS and NO-inhibitory activities of Combretum A and Combretin B, two triterpenes cycloartane-type isolated from the leaves of Combretum fragrans. The effect on ROS, TNF-á and NO production, anticancer activity and cytotoxicity assay were done using chemiluminescence technique, ELISA kit, colorimetric method, MCF-7 cells and MTT assay, respectively. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were estimated using a model of acetic acid, formalin and carrageenan. Combretin A and Combretin B significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited extracellular ROS production. These compounds also significantly (p < 0.001) reduced TNF-á and NO production. Moreover, these compounds decreased cell viability of MCF-7 cell lines. For acetic acid- or formalin-induced pain, as well as carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, Combretin A and Combretin B exhibited significant (p < 0.001) anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential associated with inhibitory effects on ROS, TNFá and NO production in this study show that, Combretin A and Combretin B could be considered as the promising chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment and inflammatory disease.
|
['Analgesics', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Combretum', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Triterpenes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 29,159,717
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.228.166'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D02.455.849.919'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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