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Sow communication with piglets while being active is a good predictor of maternal skills, piglet survival and litter quality in three different breeds of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus).
|
Maternal care behaviour is crucial for offspring quality and survival in pigs. Defining care is therefore essential for ensuring the welfare of pigs and sustainability of pig production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sow nest building, communication with piglets (sniffing, nudging, grunting) during resting and activity, and piglet survival in three different sow breeds: a maternal line selected for high weaned pig production (Landrace), a paternal line selected for meat traits (Duroc), and a crossbred line (Landrace and Yorkshire). We predicted that a higher frequency of nest building and sow communication would have a positive impact on piglet survival. Secondly, we predicted that a high level of maternal care outside the time of nursing (nest building and communication) would increase the quality of the litter (weight at weaning). We also predicted that nest building activity and sow communication would be more pronounced in maternal sow lines selected for maternal traits than in a non-selected, paternal line, and that primiparous sows would perform more nest building behaviour and communicate more than multiparous sows due to high investment in their first litter. Finally, an impaired condition around farrowing (i.e. low body condition score and presence of shoulder lesions) was predicted to be negatively correlated to care behaviours. Data was collected on 38 sows with 511 born piglets. Sows with their litters, were loose-housed in individual farrowing pens until weaning. Nest building activity can be partly considered as maternal care behaviour as it prepares the sows for motherhood and is associated with a lower proportion of stillborn piglets (P < 0.001), starved piglets (P = 0.004), and overlaid piglets (P = 0.034). As predicted, sows that communicated more while being active had lower postnatal piglet mortality (starvation (P < 0.001), less overlying (P < 0.001), overlying with (P < 0.001), and without the milk in the stomach (P < 0.001) and fewer that died of other causes (P < 0.001), higher piglet survival (P < 0.001) and litter weight (P < 0.001) at weaning irrespective of the breed. A higher level of communication while active was associated with more pronounced shoulder lesions in sows (P = 0.010), suggesting a positive association between good maternal care and prevalence of shoulder lesions. We also found that resting sows that communicated more with piglets outside the time of nursing, had higher postnatal piglet mortality (P < 0.001) due to starvation (P < 0.001), overlying (P < 0.001), overlying with (P < 0.001), or without milk (P < 0.001). Communication during resting was more pronounced with increasing litter size at birth (P < 0.001), especially for thin sows (P < 0.001). Communication during resting was more pronounced in the non-selected Duroc line (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that sow communication while being active is a good predictor of good maternal care, piglet survival and litter quality in three different breeds of domestic pigs.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Female', 'Housing, Animal', 'Lactation', 'Litter Size', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Meat', 'Pregnancy', 'Stillbirth', 'Sus scrofa', 'Weaning']
| 30,427,860
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['J03.340.250', 'N06.230.150.360.250'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['G08.686.530', 'G08.686.784.769.498.300'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.223.650', 'C23.550.260.585.630', 'G08.686.784.769.496.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['G07.203.650.220.500.750', 'G07.203.650.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Effects of magnesium sulfate on neuromuscular function and spontaneous breathing during sevoflurane and spinal anesthesia.
|
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) on the neuromuscular function and spontaneous breathing of patients under sevoflurane and spinal anesthesia. Twenty-two patients with a history of arrhythmia undergoing elective knee surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: group M (n = 11), administered with MgSO(4) 40 mg.kg(-1), and group S (n = 11), administered with saline. A combination of spinal anesthesia with 2% sevoflurane inhalation was applied to all patients under spontaneous breathing. Tidal volume (VT: ), respiratory rate (RR) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET(CO) (2)) were measured before the MgSO(4) or saline injection and measurements were repeated at 5, 15, 30, and 45 min after the injection. Neuromuscular function was continuously monitored with an acceleromyograph to record the acceleration of the adductor pollicis by stimulating the ulnar nerve at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The VT: , RR, and ET(CO) (2) showed little change in either group, and there was no significant difference between, the groups. The single-twitch response showed significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.0006). The present study indicated that the MgSO(4) had a minimal effect on spontaneous breathing in patients undergoing sevoflurane and spinal anaesthesia, but that it attenuated the safety margin of neuromuscular function.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics', 'Anesthetics, Combined', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Blood Pressure', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Male', 'Methyl Ethers', 'Middle Aged', 'Myography', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Respiration', 'Sevoflurane', 'Time Factors']
| 17,285,423
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E03.155.086.331'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.017', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.017'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.060', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.060'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E04.249'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['D01.524.550', 'D01.875.800.800.850.500'], ['D02.355.601'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.530'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['G09.772.705'], ['D02.355.601.810', 'D02.455.526.510.717'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
|
[Use of apparatus POOS-I for determination of the DNA concentration of lymphoid tissue].
|
Using the apparatus "POOS-I" (a device for measuring the reflecting power) the author carried out microspectrophotometric determination of the DNA content in the lymphoid tissue of mice following gamma-irradiation and transplantation of the syngenic and allogenic bone marrow. An amount of DNA was expressed as a relative value representing optical density of histological sections stained after Feulgenmthis method has proved to be a sensitive objective test for evaluation of the extent of lesion and restoration of the lymphoid tissuek0
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'DNA', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Radiation Injuries, Experimental', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 1,225,278
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C26.733.720', 'E05.598.500.750', 'G01.750.748.500.720', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500.285', 'N06.850.810.300.360.285'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Treatment strategy for metastatic prostate cancer with extremely high PSA level: reconsidering the value of vintage therapy.
|
The prognostic significance of initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level for metastatic prostate cancer remains uncertain. We investigated the differences in prognosis and response to hormonal therapies of metastatic prostate cancer patients according to initial PSA levels. We analyzed 184 patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer and divided them into three PSA level groups as follows: low (<100 ng ml-1), intermediate (100-999 ng ml-1), and high (?1000 ng ml-1). All patients received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) immediately. We investigated PSA progression-free survival (PFS) for first-line ADT and overall survival (OS) within each of the three groups. Furthermore, we analyzed response to antiandrogen withdrawal (AW) and alternative antiandrogen (AA) therapies after development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). No significant differences in OS were observed among the three groups (P = 0.654). Patients with high PSA levels had significantly short PFS for first-line ADT (P = 0.037). Conversely, patients in the high PSA level group had significantly longer PFS when treated with AW than those in the low PSA level group (P = 0.047). Furthermore, patients with high PSA levels had significantly longer PFS when provided with AA therapy (P = 0.049). PSA responders to AW and AA therapies had significantly longer survival after CRPC development than nonresponders (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001, respectively). Thus, extremely high PSA level predicted favorable response to vintage sequential ADT and AW. The current data suggest a novel aspect of extremely high PSA value as a favorable prognostic marker after development of CRPC.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Progression-Free Survival', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,735,818
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.789.800.285', 'E05.318.740.998.738', 'N04.761.559.590.800.474', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.474', 'N05.715.360.750.795.738', 'N06.850.520.830.998.825'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Serum levels of growth hormone-binding protein and insulin-like growth factor-I during puberty.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the effect of pubertal development on serum levels of growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) and IGF-I, and to study the relationship between GHBP levels and height standard deviation score (SDS), nutritional state and IGF-I levels.DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The investigation was performed on serum samples from 72 healthy adolescents of different pubertal stage. Results were compared to those obtained in 46 prepubertal children.MEASUREMENTS: Serum levels of GHBP were measured by HPLC gel filtration and IGF-I levels were measured by RIA after acid-ethanol extraction.RESULTS: No effect of pubertal stage on serum levels of GHBP was found. A positive relationship was found between serum levels of GHBP and height SDS (r = 0.38; P < 0.005) and weight expressed as percentage of median weight for height age (r = 0.46; P < 0.0005). Serum levels of IGF-I increased during puberty and were not correlated with height SDS or weight for height age. In pubertal subjects, no relationship existed between serum levels of GHBP and IGF-I. In prepubertal subjects, however, a significantly positive relationship between GHBP and IGF-I levels (r = 0.66; P < 0.0005) was found.CONCLUSIONS: Pubertal development does not seem to influence serum levels of GHBP. Height SDS and nutritional state are related to the concentration of GHBP. Before puberty, the level of GHBP is positively related to IGF-I levels; during puberty, however, the increase in serum IGF-I levels is not accompanied by changes in the amount of circulating GHBP.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status', 'Puberty', 'Radioimmunoassay']
| 1,395,068
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D12.776.157'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A correlation between phorbol diester-induced protein phosphorylation and superoxide anion generation in HL-60 cells during granulocytic maturation.
|
As HL-60 cells matured along the granulocytic pathway, phorbol diester-induced superoxide anion production was compared to phorbol diester-induced protein phosphorylation using an in vitro phosphorylation technique. Maturation was induced by 0, 2, 4, or 6 days incubation with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). In 0 day Me2SO HL-60 cells, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced phosphorylation of protein pp29 (Mr = 28,600) and to a lesser extent protein pp76 (Mr = 76,300). With increased time of Me2SO incubation, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced phosphorylation of pp212 (Mr = 211,800), pp134 (Mr = 134,200), and pp76, whereas the phosphorylation of pp29 did not change appreciably. In close agreement with this increase in protein phosphorylation was the observed increase in phorbol diester-induced superoxide anion formation. Morphological characterization of cells during Me2SO-induced differentiation reveals that these increases in phorbol diester responses are probably attributable to the proportional rise in metamyelocytes, band, and segmented neutrophils. A variety of phorbol diesters increased superoxide anion generation in HL-60 cells differentiated into granulocyte-like cells by 6-day incubation with Me2SO. The structure-activity relationship of these phorbol diester derivatives for protein phosphorylation was strongly correlated to their ability to increase superoxide anion generation. Thus, we propose that phorbol diester-induced phosphorylation of pp212, pp134, and pp76, but not pp29 may play a role in mediating the functional response of phorbol diester-induced superoxide anion generation in HL-60 cells differentiated into mature granulocyte-like cells.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Superoxides', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 3,027,071
|
[['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immune response modulation to DPT vaccine by aqueous extract of Withania somnifera in experimental system.
|
Immunopotentiation on oral feeding of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (Linn. Dunal, Family Solanaceae) was evaluated in laboratory animals immunized with DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine. The immunostimulation was evaluated using serological and hematological parameters. Treatment of immunized animals with test material (100 mg/kg/day) for 15 days resulted in significant increase of antibody titers to B. pertussis (P=0.000007). Immunized animals (treated and untreated) were challenged with B. pertussis 18,323 strain and the animals were observed for 14 days. Results indicate that the treated animals did show significant increase in antibody titers as compared to untreated animals after challenge (P=0.000003). Immunoprotection against intracerebral challenge of live B. pertussis cells was evaluated based on degree of sickness, paralysis and subsequent death. Reduced mortality accompanied with overall improved health status was observed in treated animals after intracerebral challenge of B. pertussis indicating development of protective immune response. Present study indicates application of the test material as potential immunopotentiating agent possible applications in immunochemical industry. The test material also offers direct therapeutic benefits resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality of experimental animals.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine', 'Female', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Roots', 'Water', 'Whooping Cough', 'Withania']
| 15,135,324
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['D20.215.894.135.535.300', 'D20.215.894.691.263.300', 'D20.215.894.691.824.300', 'D20.215.894.815.300'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.400'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['C01.150.252.400.143.500', 'C01.748.969', 'C08.730.969'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevention of postoperative urinary retention after total hip arthroplasty in male patients.
|
The efficacy of phenoxybenzamine in preventing postoperative urinary retention after total hip arthroplasty was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study on 60 consecutive male patients with obstructive urinary symptoms. The patients were randomized into two groups, one being given 10 mg phenoxybenzamine orally and the other a placebo immediately after the termination of the operation and 8 and 16 hours later. Only 10% of the patients in the phenoxybenzamine group were affected by retention compared with 48% in the placebo group (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that phenoxybenzamine effectively prevents urinary retention after total hip arthroplasty in male patients with obstructive urinary symptoms. The drug is recommended for routine prophylactic use with patients not presenting with impaired cerebral circulation or serious coronary heart disease, to prevent infection leading to bacteraemia or other complications of urinary catheterization.
|
['Aged', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenoxybenzamine', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Urination Disorders']
| 3,314,645
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.471.739'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Women's Recovery Group Study: a Stage I trial of women-focused group therapy for substance use disorders versus mixed-gender group drug counseling.
|
The aim of this Stage I Behavioral Development Trial was to develop a manual-based 12-session Women's Recovery Group (WRG) and to pilot test this new treatment in a randomized controlled trial against a mixed-gender Group Drug Counseling (GDC), an effective manual-based treatment for substance use disorders. After initial manual development, two pre-pilot groups of WRG were conducted to determine feasibility and initial acceptability of the treatment among subjects and therapists. In the pilot stage, women were randomized to either WRG or GDC. No significant differences in substance use outcomes were found between WRG and GDC during the 12-week group treatment. However, during the 6-month post-treatment follow-up, WRG members demonstrated a pattern of continued reductions in substance use while GDC women did not. In addition, pilot WRG women with alcohol dependence had significantly greater reductions in average drinks/drinking day than GDC women 6 months post-treatment (p<.03, effect size=0.81). While satisfaction with both groups was high, women were significantly more satisfied with WRG than GDC (p<.009, effect size=1.11). In this study, the newly developed 12-session women-focused WRG was feasible with high satisfaction among participants. It was equally effective as mixed-gender GDC in reducing substance use during the 12-week in-treatment phase, but demonstrated significantly greater improvement in reductions in drug and alcohol use over the post-treatment follow-up phase compared with GDC. A women-focused single-gender group treatment may enhance longer-term clinical outcomes among women with substance use disorders.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol-Related Disorders', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Counseling', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marijuana Abuse', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Psychotherapy, Group', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,446,014
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C25.775.100', 'F03.900.100'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['C25.775.300', 'F03.900.300'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C25.775.635', 'F03.900.635'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F04.754.864.581'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Serum folic acid levels in epileptic mothers and their relationship to congenital malformations.
|
Folic acid levels during pregnancy and in pre-pregnancy were determined in 51 epileptic mothers and those of matched controls. The serum folic acid (SF) levels of epileptic mothers were significantly lower than those of controls in all study periods. The SF levels of mothers of malformed offspring were significantly lower than those of mothers of normal offspring in the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy. These results suggest that SF concentrations are implicated in congenital malformations in the offspring of epileptic mothers.
|
['Abnormalities, Drug-Induced', 'Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Reference Values']
| 2,060,505
|
[['C16.131.042'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Utility of ctDNA to support patient selection for early phase clinical trials: the TARGET study.
|
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) supports blood-based genomic profiling but is not yet routinely implemented in the setting of a phase I trials clinic. TARGET is a molecular profiling program with the primary aim to match patients with a broad range of advanced cancers to early phase clinical trials on the basis of analysis of both somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNA) across a 641 cancer-associated-gene panel in a single ctDNA assay. For the first 100 TARGET patients, ctDNA data showed good concordance with matched tumor and results were turned round within a clinically acceptable timeframe for Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) review. When a 2.5% variant allele frequency (VAF) threshold was applied, actionable mutations were identified in 41 of 100 patients, and 11 of these patients received a matched therapy. These data support the application of ctDNA in this early phase trial setting where broad genomic profiling of contemporaneous tumor material enhances patient stratification to novel therapies and provides a practical template for bringing routinely applied blood-based analyses to the clinic.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Circulating Tumor DNA', 'Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic', 'DNA Copy Number Variations', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasms', 'Patient Selection', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 31,011,204
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['D13.444.154.500', 'D13.444.308.425.500'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.200', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.200', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.200'], ['G05.365.795.297.500'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An Investigation Into Vortioxetine Salts: Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability, and Solubilization.
|
Three 1:1 salts containing vortioxetine (VOT), an orally antidepressant drug, and 3 aryl monoacids have been designed and successfully prepared by liquid-assisted grinding based on the ÄpKa rule. The C-O bond lengths (?1.25 ?) in the COOH groups show that the proton transfer has occurred from aryl monoacid to piperazine N1 atom of vortioxetine in the crystal structures. Three salts feature cyclic [2 + 2] structural units through R(4)4 (12) N-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions which result in the remarkable thermal stabilities, and VOT-p-aminobenzoic acid shows 2-dimensional framework by linking cyclic [2 + 2] units through additional hydrogen bonding interactions. The equilibrium solubility of VOT in VOT-p-aminobenzoic acid salt can be largely improved up to 0.50 mg/mL (about 450% above the free base) at 25°C in water, which also accelerates the intrinsic dissolution rate.
|
['Aminobenzoates', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Stability', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Piperazines', 'Salts', 'Solubility', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Sulfides', 'Thermogravimetry', 'Vortioxetine']
| 27,262,207
|
[['D02.241.223.100.050', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E05.916.330'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D01.786'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['E05.196.904'], ['D03.383.606.990']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of different concentrations of water soluble azadirachtin (neem metabolite) on Streptococcus mutans compared with chlorhexidine.
|
UNLABELLED: Despite advances in the development of anticaries chemotherapy, the newer agents are unable to control the initiation of dental caries. Research and development of natural antibacterial agents that are safe for the host as well as specific for oral pathogens is awaited. Neem tree extracts have been used for thousands of years for maintaining overall well-being. Chewing neem sticks in the morning is the most common indigenous method of cleaning the mouth in rural population. This has generated the interest of the dentists for the use of neem for controlling dental diseases.AIMS: This study aims to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effect of different concentrations of water soluble azadirachtin (neem metabolite) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) against chlorhexidine.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plaque was collected from 30 children aged 8-12 years reporting to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharti Vidyapeeth Dental College, Pune and transported to the laboratory. After incubation of the plates the inhibitory zones were noted and the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and recorded to check the inhibition of growth of S. mutans. For testing the bacterial survival, the biofilms were prepared and colony forming units (CFU) was enumerated using a digital colony counter.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.RESULTS: The results show that there was no statistically significant difference in the inhibition of S. mutans between 40% concentration of water soluble azadirachtin and chlorhexidine.CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that 40% water soluble azadirachtin is as effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse in reducing the S. mutans count in dental plaque. Hence, a water soluble formulation of azadirachtin may provide the maximum benefit to mankind to prevent dental caries.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Child', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Dental Plaque', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insecticides', 'Limonins', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Stem Cells', 'Streptococcus mutans']
| 27,080,957
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D02.455.849.919.490'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['A11.872'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic change in the expression of developmental genes in the ascidian central nervous system: revisit to the tripartite model and the origin of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region.
|
Comparative studies on expression patterns of developmental genes along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) between vertebrates and ascidians led to the notion of "tripartite organization," a common ground plan of the CNS, consisting of the anterior, central and posterior regions expressing Otx, Pax2/5/8 and Hox genes, respectively. In ascidians, however, descriptions and interpretations about expression of the developmental genes regarded as region specific have become not necessarily consistent. To address this issue, we examined detailed expression of key developmental genes for the ascidian CNS, including Otx, Pax2/5/8a, En, Fgf8/17/18, Dmbx, Lhx3 and Hox genes, in the CNS around the junction of the trunk and tail of three different tailbud-stage embryos of Ciona intestinalis, employing double-fluorescence in situ hybridization, followed by staining with DAPI to precisely locate expressing cells for each gene. Based on these observations, we have constructed detailed gene expression maps of the region at the tailbud stages. Our analysis shows that expression of several genes regarded as markers for specific domains in the ascidian CNS changes dynamically within a relatively short period. This motivates us to revisit to the tripartite ground plan and the origin of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) region.
|
['Animals', 'Body Patterning', 'Central Nervous System', 'Ciona intestinalis', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Developmental', 'Mesencephalon', 'Neurons', 'Rhombencephalon']
| 17,996,862
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.100'], ['A08.186'], ['B01.050.150.200.727.150.500', 'B01.050.500.272.727.150.500'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.230'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.132.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[ICD-10 adaptation of 15 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators].
|
BACKGROUND: In the United States, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has developed 20 Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) to measure the occurrence of hospital adverse events from medico-administrative data coded according to the ninth revision of the international classification of disease (ICD-9-CM). The adaptation of these PSIs to the WHO version of ICD-10 was carried out by an international consortium.METHODS: Two independent teams transcoded ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes proposed by the AHRQ into ICD-10-WHO. Using a Delphi process, experts from six countries evaluated each code independently, stating whether it was "included", "excluded" or "uncertain". During a two-day meeting, the experts then discussed the codes that had not obtained a consensus, and the additional codes proposed.RESULTS: Fifteen PSIs were adapted. Among the 2569 proposed diagnosis codes, 1775 were unanimously adopted straightaway. The 794 remaining codes and 2541 additional codes were discussed. Three documents were prepared: (1) a list of ICD-10-WHO codes for the 15 adapted PSIs; (2) recommendations to the AHRQ for the improvement of the nosological frame and the coding of PSI with ICD-9-CM; (3) recommendations to the WHO to improve ICD-10.CONCLUSIONS: This work allows international comparisons of PSIs among the countries using ICD-10. Nevertheless, these PSIs must still be evaluated further before being broadly used.
|
['Algorithms', 'Clinical Coding', 'Diagnosis-Related Groups', 'France', 'Health Systems Agencies', 'Humans', 'International Classification of Diseases', 'International Cooperation', 'Patient Safety', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care', 'Terminology as Topic', 'United States', 'United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality']
| 21,899,967
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['N04.452.758.708.200.400.500', 'N04.452.859.564.274', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.249', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.249'], ['N03.219.521.710.305.200.080'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['N03.540.452.508.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.945.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760'], ['L01.559.598.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.592', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.592']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Evaluation of normal appendix vermiformis in adults with multidetector computed tomography.
|
To determine the utility of different contrast enhancement phases (unenhanced, arterial, and venous), slice thicknesses (0.5, 3, and 5 mm), and planes (axial and coronal) in the evaluation of appendix vermiformis (AV) on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), CT examinations of 600 patients were obtained. No significant difference was found between the different imaging planes, slice thicknesses, and contrast enhancement phases in terms of detection rates of AV. The mean diameter of AV in the axial plane (5.93±0.06 mm) was significantly lower than that in the coronal plane (6.18±0.06 mm). Evaluation of AV on MDCT is enhanced by combined interpretation on axial and coronal planes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Appendix', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 23,154,006
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A03.556.124.526.209.290', 'A03.556.249.249.209.290'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E01.370.350.700.715'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Rasch-based validation of a short version of ABILHAND as a measure of manual ability in adults with unilateral upper limb amputation.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the measurement properties of ABILHAND (a generic measure developed to assess functioning in people with upper limb impairments) when used in adults with unilateral upper limb amputation (ULA).METHODS: A convenience sample of 72 adults who had unilateral ULA and completed rehabilitation at the Institute for Rehabilitation in Ljubljana at least 1 year prior to the study. They filled in the ABILHAND questionnaire. Rating scale analysis (Rasch model) was used to evaluate functioning of the rating scale categories, the validity of the measure by examining fit of the items to the latent trait and the hierarchy of item difficulties compared with expectations of the construct.RESULTS: Rasch analysis allowed us to improve ABILHAND by rescoring to reduce the response categories from 5 to 4, and identifying 22 of 46 items that are useful to measure upper limb function in people with ULA. The results indicate that high confidence can be placed in the consistency of both person-ability and item-difficulty estimates.CONCLUSIONS: This revised ABILHAND for people with unilateral ULA (ABILHAND-ULA 1.0) is a promising instrument for measuring their degree of manual functioning.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amputees', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Skills', 'Psychometrics', 'Recovery of Function', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Upper Extremity']
| 19,874,081
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.150.100'], ['E01.370.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.808.260'], ['F04.711.780'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A01.378.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chronic intestinal inflammation alters hippocampal neurogenesis.
|
BACKGROUND: Adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus is involved in learning, memory, and mood control. Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis elicits significant behavioral changes, including cognitive impairment and depression. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract, and cognitive dysfunction and depression frequently occur in patients suffering from this disorder. We therefore tested the effects of chronic intestinal inflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis.METHODS: The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model of IBD was used. Mice were treated with multiple-cycle administration of 3% wt/vol DSS in drinking water on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12, 15 to 19, and 22 to 26. Mice were sacrificed on day 7 (acute phase of inflammation) or day 29 (chronic phase of inflammation) after the beginning of the treatment.RESULTS: During the acute phase of inflammation, we found increased plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-á and increased expression of Iba1, a marker of activated microglia, accompanied by induced IL-6 and IL-1â, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1) (p21) in hippocampus. During the chronic phase of inflammation, plasma levels of IL-6 were elevated. In the hippocampus, p21 protein levels were continued to be induced. Furthermore, markers of stem/early progenitor cells, including nestin and brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), and neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX) were all down-regulated, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for astroglia, was induced. In addition, the number of proliferating precursors of neuronal lineage assessed by double Ki67 and DCX staining was significantly diminished in the hippocampus of DSS-treated animals, indicating decreased production of new neurons.CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that chronic intestinal inflammation alters hippocampal neurogenesis. As p21 arrests early neuronal progenitor proliferation, it is likely that p21 induction during acute phase of inflammation resulted in the reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis observed later, on day 29, after the beginning of DSS treatment. The reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis might underlie the behavioral manifestations that occur in patients with IBD.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cytokines', 'Dextran Sulfate', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Hippocampus', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Neurogenesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors', 'Tubulin']
| 25,889,852
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D09.698.365.272.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C06.405.205'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D12.776.660.625.500', 'D23.050.290.500', 'D23.101.140.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A11.872.653'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Leukocyte recruitment after local endobronchial allergen challenge in asthma. Relationship to procedure and to airway interleukin-8 release.
|
We have investigated the profile of cellular recruitment into asthmatic airways after allergen and saline exposure and its relationship to interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to instill allergen into the middle lobe while the right upper lobe received a sham saline challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of both sites was performed either 4 or 24 h later. Neutrophil numbers in BAL fluid obtained 4 and 24 h after challenge were 17 and 48 times higher than prechallenge numbers (p < or = 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the numbers of neutrophils at the two sites. In contrast, eosinophil numbers were increased by 6- and 20-fold, respectively, at 4 and 24 h at allergen-challenged as compared with saline-challenged sites (p < 0.005 and p < 0.02, respectively). Baseline concentrations of IL-8 in BAL fluid were undetectable in most cases. Four hours after allergen or saline exposure, BAL fluid IL-8 concentrations were: median, 200 pg/ml; range, 20 to 750 pg/ml and median, 123 pg/ml; range, < 20 to 800 pg/ml, respectively. These declined to 23 pg/ml (range, < 20 to 126 pg/ml) and 43 pg/ml (range < 20 to 130 pg/ml), respectively, 24 h after exposure. There was a significant correlation between neutrophil numbers and IL-8 concentrations 4 h after saline exposure. These findings indicate that neutrophil infiltration is a nonspecific response to the procedure of bronchoscopy and lavage, in contrast to eosinophil recruitment, which is an allergen-specific phenomenon, and it suggests that IL-8 release may be involved in neutrophil recruitment.
|
['Adult', 'Albumins', 'Allergens', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Count', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Time Factors']
| 8,756,824
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.034'], ['D23.050.063'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E01.370.386.700.125'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Certain effects of adenoidectomy of Eustachian tube ventilatory function.
|
In an effort to develop a simple and accurate method to identify children in whom adenoidectomy might prevent otitis media, the ventilatory function of the Eustachian tube was assessed by a manometric technique. Nasal pressures during swallowing were also determined in some. The study group consisted of 23 children with otitis media in whom tympanostomy tubes had been inserted. All were judged clinically and roentgenographically to have prominent adenoids. Inflation-deflation Eustachian tube ventilation studies were obtained in 36 ears that remained intubated, aerated and dry both before and eight weeks after adenoidectomy. Fifteen of the 36 (42 percent) ears had improvement in Eustachian tube ventilatory function postadenoidectomy which was attributed to relief of extrinsic mechanical obstruction of the tube. In the remaining 21 (58 percent) ears in which Eustachian tube function was not improved, mechanical obstruction was not apparent preoperatively. The effect of nasopharyngeal pressures on a pliant Eustachian tube (Toynbee phenomenon) due to obstruction of the posterior nasal choanae by the adenoid mass was suggested as a possible cause of functional Eustachian tube obstruction. In several instances in which preadenoidectomy mechanical obstruction of the Eustachian tube was not demonstrated, the tube appeared to have been made more pliant by the operation. This increase in compliance of the Eustachian tube was attributed to loss of adenoid support of the tube in the fossa of Rosenmuller. From this study, preliminary recommendations for selection of patients for adenoidectomy are the following: 1. Eustachian tube ventilation function tests in a dry, intubated middle ear; 2. if extrinsic mechanical obstruction of the Eustachian tube is present and chronic inflammation is absent, adenoidectomy will probably improve Eustachian tube function. The surgical technique should include adequate removal of the adenoid tissue in the fossa of Rosenmuller; 3. if the Eustachian tube does not appear to be mechanically obstructed, the adenoids should not be removed unless functional obstruction is suspected due to obstruction of the posterior nasal choanae. Adenoid tissue within the fossa of Rosenmuller should not be removed when such circumstances exist; and 4. in the abscence of obstructive adenoids to the nasal choanae or Eustachian tube, adenoidectomy probably will not improve Eustachian tube function and could make it worse. A more rational and effective approach to adenoidectomy for the prevention of otitis media in children may be possible through this type of preoperative evaluation.
|
['Adenoidectomy', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Eustachian Tube', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Otitis Media', 'Pressure']
| 1,089,852
|
[['E04.580.068'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['A09.246.397.369'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['G01.374.715']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The properties and contribution of the Corynebacterium glutamicum MscS variant to fine-tuning of osmotic adaptation.
|
Based on sequence similarity, the mscCG gene product of Corynebacterium glutamicum belongs to the family of MscS-type mechanosensitive channels. In order to investigate the physiological significance of MscCG in response to osmotic shifts in detail, we studied its properties using both patch-clamp techniques and betaine efflux kinetics. After heterologous expression in an Escherichiacoli strain devoid of mechanosensitive channels, in patch-clamp analysis of giant E. coli spheroplasts MscCG showed the typical pressure dependent gating behavior of a stretch-activated channel with a current/voltage dependence indicating a strongly rectifying behavior. Apart from that, MscCG is characterized by significant functional differences with respect to conductance, ion selectivity and desensitation behavior as compared to MscS from E. coli. Deletion and complementation studies in C. glutamicum showed a significant contribution of MscCG to betaine efflux in response to hypoosmotic conditions. A detailed analysis of concomitant betaine uptake (by the betaine transporter BetP) and efflux (by MscCG) under hyperosmotic conditions indicates that MscCG may act in osmoregulation in C. glutamicum by fine-tuning the steady state concentration of compatible solutes in the cytoplasm which are accumulated in response to hyperosmotic stress.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Corynebacterium glutamicum', 'Ion Channels', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Symporters', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 20,599,688
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.157'], ['B03.510.024.250.300', 'B03.510.460.400.400.200.300'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of bacteria using fluorogenic DNAzymes.
|
Outbreaks linked to food-borne and hospital-acquired pathogens account for millions of deaths and hospitalizations as well as colossal economic losses each and every year. Prevention of such outbreaks and minimization of the impact of an ongoing epidemic place an ever-increasing demand for analytical methods that can accurately identify culprit pathogens at the earliest stage. Although there is a large array of effective methods for pathogen detection, none of them can satisfy all the following five premier requirements embodied for an ideal detection method: high specificity (detecting only the bacterium of interest), high sensitivity (capable of detecting as low as a single live bacterial cell), short time-to-results (minutes to hours), great operational simplicity (no need for lengthy sampling procedures and the use of specialized equipment), and cost effectiveness. For example, classical microbiological methods are highly specific but require a long time (days to weeks) to acquire a definitive result.(1) PCR- and antibody-based techniques offer shorter waiting times (hours to days), but they require the use of expensive reagents and/or sophisticated equipment.(2-4) Consequently, there is still a great demand for scientific research towards developing innovative bacterial detection methods that offer improved characteristics in one or more of the aforementioned requirements. Our laboratory is interested in examining the potential of DNAzymes as a novel class of molecular probes for biosensing applications including bacterial detection.(5) DNAzymes (also known as deoxyribozymes or DNA enzymes) are man-made single-stranded DNA molecules with the capability of catalyzing chemical reactions.(6-8) These molecules can be isolated from a vast random-sequence DNA pool (which contains as many as 10(16) individual sequences) by a process known as "in vitro selection" or "SELEX" (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment).(9-16) These special DNA molecules have been widely examined in recent years as molecular tools for biosensing applications.(6-8) Our laboratory has established in vitro selection procedures for isolating RNA-cleaving fluorescent DNAzymes (RFDs; Fig. 1) and investigated the use of RFDs as analytical tools.(17-29) RFDs catalyze the cleavage of a DNA-RNA chimeric substrate at a single ribonucleotide junction (R) that is flanked by a fluorophore (F) and a quencher (Q). The close proximity of F and Q renders the uncleaved substrate minimal fluorescence. However, the cleavage event leads to the separation of F and Q, which is accompanied by significant increase of fluorescence intensity. More recently, we developed a method of isolating RFDs for bacterial detection.(5) These special RFDs were isolated to "light up" in the presence of the crude extracellular mixture (CEM) left behind by a specific type of bacteria in their environment or in the media they are cultured (Fig. 1). The use of crude mixture circumvents the tedious process of purifying and identifying a suitable target from the microbe of interest for biosensor development (which could take months or years to complete). The use of extracellular targets means the assaying procedure is simple because there is no need for steps to obtain intracellular targets. Using the above approach, we derived an RFD that cleaves its substrate (FS1; Fig. 2A) only in the presence of the CEM produced by E. coli (CEM-EC).(5) This E. coli-sensing RFD, named RFD-EC1 (Fig. 2A), was found to be strictly responsive to CEM-EC but nonresponsive to CEMs from a host of other bacteria (Fig. 3). Here we present the key experimental procedures for setting up E. coli detection assays using RFD-EC1 and representative results.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'DNA, Catalytic', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'SELEX Aptamer Technique', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 22,688,431
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['D08.811.165', 'D08.811.913.696.445.735.265', 'D13.444.308.243'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['E05.197.312.500', 'J01.897.836.249.249.500'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Atrophy and degeneration in sciatic nerve of presymptomatic mice carrying the Huntington's disease mutation.
|
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by motor impairments caused by degeneration in the striatum. The mechanism by which the HD mutation leads to the neurodegenerative pathology of HD is still unknown. Recently it was shown that, in HD patients, early pathological changes in white matter precede selective cell death in the striatum. We wondered whether axonal pathology is also an early pathological feature in a transgenic mouse model carrying the HD mutation (R/2 line). R6/2 mice show brain atrophy, a progressive neurological deterioration and skeletal muscle atrophy that resemble those seen in HD patients. However, there is very little neuronal cell loss seen in these animals, even when they show severe symptoms. Here we used sciatic nerve to look for evidence of early neurodegenerative changes in axons of the R6/2 mouse at an ultrastructural level. We observed ultrastructural changes that preferentially affected large myelinated fibres of the sciatic nerve in 10-week-old asymptomatic R6/2 mice. The changes included a significant decrease in the axoplasm diameter of myelinated neurons and an increase in the number of degenerating myelinated fibres compared to age-matched wild type littermates. Myelin thickness and unmyelinated fibre diameter were not affected. The abnormalities described here precede the appearance of overt motor symptoms in the R6/2 mouse and occur in parallel with pathophysiological changes at the neuromuscular junction. We suggest that degenerative changes in axons are likely to contribute to the early pathological phenotype in HD, even in the absence of frank neuronal cell loss.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Brain', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Huntington Disease', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Neuromuscular Junction Diseases', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Phenotype', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Sciatic Neuropathy', 'Wallerian Degeneration']
| 18,062,944
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['C10.668.758'], ['C10.668.829'], ['G05.695'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['C10.668.829.500.675'], ['C23.550.737.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multifocal osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium szulgai in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
|
Mycobacterium szulgai is a pathogenic organism that most frequently causes pulmonary infection and may rarely result in disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of multifocal osteomyelitis and cutaneous lesions due to M. szulgai in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The successful treatment of multifocal osteomyelitis was accomplished using isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol.
|
['Aged', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Ethambutol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous', 'Nontuberculous Mycobacteria', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Rifampin']
| 18,199,481
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.720', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.720'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determinants of the nurses' and nursing assistants' request for antipsychotics for people with dementia.
|
BACKGROUND: Although physicians are responsible for writing the antipsychotic prescriptions for patients with dementia, the initiative is often taken by nurses or nursing assistants. To reduce antipsychotics uses, one needs to understand the reasons for nurses and nursing assistants to request them. This study gives an overview of the influencing factors for this request based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in which attitude, beliefs, and behavioral control is thought to influence the intention to request, which in turn affects the behavior to request for a prescription.METHODS: Eighty-one nurses and nursing assistants of one Dutch nursing home organization completed an online survey.RESULTS: Nurses and nursing assistants frequently agreed on items related to the positive effects of antipsychotics for the resident and for the staff. Nurses and nursing assistants with a lower job satisfaction were more likely to call for antipsychotics. Having more positive beliefs about treatment effects and feel of being more in control toward asking for antipsychotics were positively associated with intention to call. All variables explained 59% of the variance of intention. The current position (nurse/nursing assistant) was associated with actual behavior to call. The explained variance was 25%.CONCLUSIONS: Policy-makers should focus on the nurses' and nursing assistants' belief in positive effects of antipsychotics for the resident, which is not in line with available evidence. Nurses and nursing assistants should be educated about the limited effectiveness of antipsychotics.
|
['Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Decision Making', 'Dementia', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing Assistants', 'Nursing Homes', 'Nursing Staff', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 27,866,485
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['M01.526.485.067.652', 'N02.360.067.652'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['M01.526.485.680', 'N02.360.680'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
On the threshold: how relevant should quantity be in determining intent to supply?
|
BACKGROUND: In 2005, the English Government announced plans to introduce thresholds into drugs legislation with a view to simplifying proof of intent to supply.METHODS: During the consultation process, the proposal was vigorously attacked as unjust and impractical. Drawing upon European and international experience, this paper critiques the government's decision to shelve this proposal. RESULTS\CONCLUSIONS: While the use of thresholds to create a presumption that an individual has intent to supply is problematic, thresholds could usefully have been adopted to facilitate a policy of diversion for those who fell below them.
|
['Crime', 'Drug and Narcotic Control', 'Government Regulation', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Law Enforcement', 'Policy Making', 'Prisons', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'United Kingdom']
| 17,889,520
|
[['I01.198.240', 'I01.880.735.191'], ['I01.880.604.605.250', 'N03.706.615.402.250', 'N04.452.706.310'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['I01.880.604.594'], ['N03.706.742'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Synthesis, X-ray Single Crystal Structure, Molecular Docking and DFT Computations on N-[(1E)-1-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propylidene]-hydroxylamine: A New Potential Antifungal Agent Precursor.
|
Mycoses are serious health problem, especially in immunocompromised individuals. A new imidazole-bearing compound containing an oxime functionality was synthesized and characterized with different spectroscopic techniques to be used for the preparation of new antifungal agents. The stereochemistry of the oxime double bond was unequivocally determined via the single crystal X-ray technique. The title compound 4, C13H13N₃O₃·C₃H₈O, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁with a = 9.0963(3) ?, b = 14.7244(6) ?, c = 10.7035(4) ?, â = 94.298 (3)°, V = 1429.57(9) ?³, Z = 2. The molecules were packed in the crystal structure by eight intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. A comprehensive spectral analysis of the title molecule 4 has been performed based on the scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) force field obtained by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. A molecular docking study illustrated the binding mode of the title compound 4 into its target protein. The preliminary antifungal activity of the title compound 4 was determined using a broth microdilution assay.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydroxylamines', 'Imidazoles', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Quantum Theory']
| 28,264,518
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.282'], ['D02.092.570'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['H01.671.579.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine on RNA structure and stability: crystal structure of an RNA duplex with tandem m2 2G:A pairs.
|
Methylation of the exocyclic amino group of guanine is a relatively common modification in rRNA and tRNA. Single methylation (N(2)-methylguanosine, m(2)G) is the second most frequently encountered nucleoside analog in Escherichia coli rRNAs. The most prominent case of dual methylation (N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine, m(2) (2)G) is found in the majority of eukaryotic tRNAs at base pair m(2) (2)G26:A44. The latter modification eliminates the ability of the N(2) function to donate in hydrogen bonds and alters its pairing behavior, notably vis-?-vis C. Perhaps a less obvious consequence of the N(2),N(2)-dimethyl modification is its role in controlling the pairing modes between G and A. We have determined the crystal structure of a 13-mer RNA duplex with central tandem m(2) (2)G:A pairs. In the structure both pairs adopt an imino-hydrogen bonded, pseudo-Watson-Crick conformation. Thus, the sheared conformation frequently seen in tandem G:A pairs is avoided due to a potential steric clash between an N(2)-methyl group and the major groove edge of A. Additionally, for a series of G:A containing self-complementary RNAs we investigated how methylation affects competitive hairpin versus duplex formation based on UV melting profile analysis.
|
['Adenine', 'Base Pair Mismatch', 'Base Pairing', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Guanosine', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Methylation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA', 'RNA Stability', 'Transition Temperature', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 18,772,248
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['G05.365.590.060'], ['G02.111.570.820.486.100', 'G02.111.611.500', 'G05.360.580.100'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454', 'D13.570.583.454', 'D13.570.800.453'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G02.111.780'], ['G01.906.595.850'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Functional properties of conditioned skeletal muscle: implications for muscle-powered cardiac assist.
|
Latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of six canines were studied to assess changes induced by electrical conditioning and to quantify the capacity of these muscles to perform hemodynamic work. Muscles were conditioned using burst stimuli delivered over an 8-wk period. Contralateral LD were used as control. Muscles were tested in situ to simulate anticipated linear-pull cardiac assist conditions. This training process reduced muscle mass and cross-sectional area by 16 and 17%, respectively. Muscle phenotype shifted to a predominantly "slow" form by coordinate reduction of myosin heavy chain (MHC) 2A expression and increased expression of the MHC beta/slow form. Force generation was reduced by 54%, and contractile duration increased 13%. Fatigue resistance was markedly enhanced, and chronic stroke work increased from 0.19 to 0.72 mJ/g. The highest steady-state power output (2.06 mW/g) was obtained from one muscle fully converted to a slow phenotype. These data suggest that single LD trained via conventional techniques can provide energy sufficient for partial cardiac assistance but cannot sustain work levels needed to achieve total circulatory support.
|
['Animals', 'Dogs', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Enzymes', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Glycolysis', 'Heart-Assist Devices', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myosin Heavy Chains', 'Thorax', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 9,277,356
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D08.811'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['E04.050.430', 'E07.695.300.300', 'E07.858.082.374.300'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['G11.427.550'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D05.750.078.730.475.100', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750.249', 'D12.776.210.500.600.100', 'D12.776.220.525.475.100'], ['A01.923.761'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Memory training for adults with probable mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study.
|
Background & Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of memory training and health training intervention over a 24-month period in people with probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research Design & Methods: Based on the accepted criteria, and the neuropsychiatric measures used in the trial, MCI was defined as a subjective change in cognition, impairment in episodic memory, preservation of independence of functional abilities, and no dementia. Without a neurological assessment, laboratory tests, and psychometric evaluation combined, some of our participants may have had dementia that we were unable to detect through neuropsychological testing. Of the 263 total participants, 39 met criteria for a diagnosis of MCI. There were 19 adults in the memory and 20 in health training conditions. Both groups received twenty hours of classroom content that included eight hours of booster sessions at three months post intervention. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) and standardized regression-based (SBR) analyses were used to test the efficacy of the intervention on immediate recall, delayed recall, subjective memory complaints, and memory self-efficacy. Age, education, depression, racial group, ethnic group, MMSE score, and baseline performance were included as covariates. Results: Over 24 months, the MCI group in the memory training condition showed better objective and subjective memory outcomes compared with the MCI group in the health training condition. Conclusions: Senior WISE Memory training delivered to individuals with MCI was able to forestall the participants' declining cognitive ability and sustain the benefit over two years in both subjective and objective memory function.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Pilot Projects', 'Self Efficacy']
| 30,303,394
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F01.752.747.792.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of D-valine and cytosine arabinoside on [3H]thymidine incorporation in rat and rabbit epididymal epithelial cell cultures.
|
Epithelial cell enriched primary cultures were established from the rat and the rabbit epididymis. Epithelial cell aggregates, obtained after pronase digestion of minced epididymis, attached to the culture dish and after 72 h in vitro spread out to form discrete patches of cells. These cells have an epithelioid morphology and form a monolayer of closely apposed polygonal cells where DNA synthesis, as judged by [3H]thymidine uptake, is very low. In L-valine medium the nonepithelial cell contamination was no more than 10% in rat and rabbit epididymal primary cultures. The labeling index of rat epididymal cells cultured in D-valine medium was significantly lower than that of cells cultured in L-valine medium. In contrast, the labeling index of rabbit epididymal cells cultured in D-valine medium was significantly higher than that of cells cultured in L-valine medium. Cytosine arabinoside decreased the number of labeled cells in both L-valine and D-valine cultures. From these results, it appears that D-valine is a selective agent for rat epididymal epithelial cells, but not for rabbit epithelial cells, and that cytosine arabinoside is a simple and effective means to control the proliferation of fibroblast-like cells in both rat and rabbit epididymal cell cultures.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytarabine', 'DNA', 'Epididymis', 'Male', 'Mitotic Index', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Thymidine', 'Tritium', 'Valine']
| 6,698,572
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Differences in clinical features of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction and non-post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a follow-up study].
|
Objective:To analyze the clinical features and recovery rate of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) in Chinese adults in a case control follow-up study. Method:The clinical data of 202 patients who were diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction between January 2015 and December 2016 and followed up for 14 to 473 days were analyzed in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into those with PTODs (PTOD group) and those without PTODs (non-PTOD group). The two groups were compared with regard to age (years), sex, olfactory function (Sniffin' sticks), gustatory function (triple drop method), chemosensory evoked potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of olfactory pathways. The recovery rate of PTOD was evaluated by Sniffin' sticks and triple drop method. Result:Patients in the PTOD group (40±11 years) were significantly younger than those in the non-PTOD group (47±15 years), whereas the number of men and women was similar in both groups. The mean TDI score (Sniffin' sticks) was significantly different between the PTOD (12±5) and non-PTOD (19±8) groups (P<0.05). The mean oERP P2 latency was significantly shorter for the non-PTOD group (418±64 ms) than for the PTOD group (483±82 ms, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean oERP N1 latency, N1 amplitude, P2 amplitude, mean tERP P2 latency and MRI between the two groups. After the follow-up period, 8.9% (5/56) and 5.4% (3/56) patients in the PTOD group exhibited an improvement in olfactory function and gustatory function, respectively. Conclusion:PTOD should be considered a type of disability that can lead to serious accidents, and an adequate understanding of its clinical features and etiologies is critical for appropriate diagnosis and treatment and for improving the prognosis of treatment. The rate of recovery of olfactory function is higher than that of gustatory function in patients with PTOD; further investigations are required in this regard.
|
['Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Olfaction Disorders', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Smell']
| 29,798,185
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.600', 'C23.888.592.763.550'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Optically functional isoxanthopterin crystals in the mirrored eyes of decapod crustaceans.
|
The eyes of some aquatic animals form images through reflective optics. Shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, and prawns possess reflecting superposition compound eyes, composed of thousands of square-faceted eye units (ommatidia). Mirrors in the upper part of the eye (the distal mirror) reflect light collected from many ommatidia onto the photosensitive elements of the retina, the rhabdoms. A second reflector, the tapetum, underlying the retina, back-scatters dispersed light onto the rhabdoms. Using microCT and cryo-SEM imaging accompanied by in situ micro-X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy, we investigated the hierarchical organization and materials properties of the reflective systems at high resolution and under close-to-physiological conditions. We show that the distal mirror consists of three or four layers of plate-like nanocrystals. The tapetum is a diffuse reflector composed of hollow nanoparticles constructed from concentric lamellae of crystals. Isoxanthopterin, a pteridine analog of guanine, forms both the reflectors in the distal mirror and in the tapetum. The crystal structure of isoxanthopterin was determined from crystal-structure prediction calculations and verified by comparison with experimental X-ray diffraction. The extended hydrogen-bonded layers of the molecules result in an extremely high calculated refractive index in the H-bonded plane, n = 1.96, which makes isoxanthopterin crystals an ideal reflecting material. The crystal structure of isoxanthopterin, together with a detailed knowledge of the reflector superstructures, provide a rationalization of the reflective optics of the crustacean eye.
|
['Animals', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Decapoda', 'Nanoparticles', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retina', 'Xanthopterin']
| 29,463,710
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['A09.371.729'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.825', 'D23.767.831.742']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parnaparin versus aspirin in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion. A randomized, double blind, controlled study.
|
INTRODUCTION: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common cause of unilateral visual loss. Evidence based treatment recommendations for patients with RVO cannot be made because of the lack of adequate clinical trials. To compare the efficacy and safety of aspirin and of a low molecular weight heparin, parnaparin, in the treatment of RVO.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, double blind, controlled trial eligible patients with a delay between symptoms onset and objective diagnosis of less than 15 days were randomized to aspirin 100 mg/day for 3 months or to a fixed daily dose of parnaparin, 12.800 IU for 7 days followed by 6.400 IU for a total of 3 months. Primary end-point of the study was the incidence of functional worsening of the eye with RVO at 6 months, as assessed by fluorescein angiography, visual acuity, and visual field. Study end-points were adjudicated by an independent committee.RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were enrolled in the study and 58 of them (28 treated with parnaparin, 30 with aspirin) were evaluable for the analysis. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups. Functional worsening was adjudicated in 20.7% of patients treated with parnaparin and in 59.4% of patients treated with ASA (p=0.002). Recurrent RVO was diagnosed in 3 patients, all treated with ASA (p=n.s.). Bleeding rates were similar between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS: Parnaparin appears to be more effective than aspirin in preventing functional worsening in patients with RVO. The results of this study need to be confirmed in a larger clinical trial.
|
['Aspirin', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Hemorrhage', 'Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Platelet Function Tests', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,477,488
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['C23.550.414'], ['D09.698.373.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['E01.370.225.625.625', 'E05.200.625.625'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adrenal medulla as a mediator of diet-induced hypertension.
|
Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either a high-fat or glucose-enriched diet for 10 wk developed higher blood pressure (BP) and higher urinary catecholamine excretion than rats fed a control diet. After 10 wk of diet treatment, systolic BP was 164 +/- 3, 156 +/- 2, and 145 +/- 4 mmHg in rats fed the high-fat, glucose, and control diets, respectively (P < 0.02 vs. control). During weeks 7-9 of diet treatment, excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine was increased in hypertensive rats (those fed the high-fat or glucose diet) when compared with rats fed the control diet (P < 0.001). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the hypertensive response to nutrients could be prevented by prior surgical removal of the adrenal medulla. Adrenal demedullation nearly abolished epinephrine excretion, attenuated norepinephrine excretion, and completely blocked the hypertensive response to dietary fat and glucose. These findings suggest that adrenal medullary catecholamines play a role in the hypertensive response to nutrients.
|
['Adrenal Medulla', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Catecholamines', 'Diet', 'Energy Intake', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 8,342,672
|
[['A06.300.071.265'], ['E04.270.115'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['C14.907.489'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic effects of the novel glucocorticosteroid RPR 106541 administered to beagle dogs by inhalation.
|
The preclinical safety of RPR 106541, a novel 17-thiosteroid, was evaluated in young adult and mature dogs by inhalation exposure for 26 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. A dry powder formulation of RPR 106541 in lactose was administered to young adult dogs (approximately 6 months of age at initiation) at doses of 0 (air and placebo controls), 10, 100, or 1,000 microg/kg/d for 26 weeks. A solution-based aerosol formulation was administered to mature dogs (approximately 10 months at initiation) from a pressurized metered dose inhaler at 0 (air and placebo controls), 10, 50, and 150 microg/kg/d for 52 weeks. Clinical evidence of glucocorticosteroid-induced immunosuppression was observed by weeks 20-26 following relatively high dose exposures (100 microg/kg/d and 1,000 microg/kg/d) in young dogs receiving the dry powder formulation for 26 weeks. Classic glucocorticosteroid effects were observed, including adrenocortical atrophy, reduced bone mass with retention of epiphyseal growth plates in long bones, prominence of stromal adipose tissue in bone marrow, and atrophy of lymphoid tissues. Inhalation administration of RPR 106541 to sexually mature dogs facilitated more definitive characterization of endocrine affects of RPR 106541 as compared with administration in younger, sexually immature animals. Significant effects in female reproductive organs included absence of corpora lutea in association with atresia of vesicular follicles within the ovaries, endometrial hyperplasia, and lobular development of mammary tissue. Discordant development of mammary tissue, accumulation of secretory material within hyperplastic endometrial glands, and hypertrophy of uterine lining epithelium in absence of ovulation were consistent with a secondary progestin effect by a potent glucocorticosteroid.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Aerosols', 'Androstenes', 'Animals', 'Anti-Asthmatic Agents', 'Body Weight', 'Bone Marrow', 'Clinical Chemistry Tests', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Gonads', 'Liver', 'Lymphoid Tissue', 'Male', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Nebulizers and Vaporizers', 'Organ Size', 'Powders', 'Sternum']
| 10,805,140
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['A06.300.071'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D04.210.500.054.079'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.796.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A15.382.216'], ['E01.370.225.124', 'E05.200.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['A05.360.576', 'A06.300.312'], ['A03.620'], ['A10.549', 'A15.382.520.604'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['E07.605'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D26.255.779'], ['A02.835.232.570.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Patient views on choice and participation in primary health care.
|
Within modern health care, much attention is given to the tasks of identifying patient preferences and then delivering health care services accordingly. Standardised solutions are not always acceptable to patients with divergent needs and preferences, and the growing number of treatment alternatives makes patient participation increasingly important. In order to identify individual preferences for choice and shared decision making, a survey was conducted among 1543 primary care patients in Sweden. As suggested by earlier work, special attention was paid to the strong link between patient preferences and age. Results show both similarities and differences in attitudes among young and old patient groups, and differences could be explained by a combination of life-cycle effects, cohort effects and expectations ensuing from the need for future health care contacts.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Choice Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Participation', 'Primary Health Care', 'State Medicine', 'Sweden']
| 11,163,651
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prostatic abscess evaluated by serial computed tomography.
|
Prostatic abscess appears on computed tomography (CT) as multiple, well-demarcated fluid collections within the prostate gland and/or periprostatic tissues. Since prostatic abscess may not be differentiated from other prostatic disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone, CT can contribute significantly to establishing this diagnosis. Prostatic abscess can be an aggressive lesion within the pelvis and may rupture into the urethra, peritoneum, prevesical space, rectum, perineum, and ischiorectal fossa. By defining the extent of the disease, CT can guide selection of an optimal surgical drainage procedure. CT can be used effectively to monitor the treatment of prostatic abscess.
|
['Abscess', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostatic Diseases', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 3,885,540
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.565'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of orthogonally protected 2,4-diaminocyclopentanecarboxylates: a flip from beta-amino- to beta,gamma-diaminocarboxylates.
|
Conformationally restricted, orthogonally protected 2,4-diaminocarboxylates with a cyclopentane skeleton were efficiently synthesized from beta-lactam 6, the syntheses involving strategies of diastereoselective epoxidation of the beta-lactam and the corresponding monoprotected amino esters with opposite selectivities followed by regioselective opening of the oxirane ring with sodium azide. The enantiomers were also prepared. This new class of compounds can be regarded not only as conformationally constrained beta,gamma-diamino acid derivatives but also as potential functionalized carbocyclic nucleoside precursors.
|
['Carboxylic Acids', 'Cyclopentanes', 'Esters', 'Ethylene Oxide', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Sodium Azide', 'Stereoisomerism', 'beta-Lactams']
| 17,935,349
|
[['D02.241'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450'], ['D02.241.400'], ['D02.355.291.411.417'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.625.100.750', 'D01.857.462'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.065.589.099', 'D02.886.108', 'D03.633.100.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A systematic review of work accommodations for people with mental disorders.
|
BACKGROUND: Work accommodations are adjustments made in the work place or to policies surrounding employment to accommodate an individual with a mental disorder to be successful in completing work related tasks.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify work accommodations that are available and that are provided to individuals with mental disorders. In addition, associated cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of these accommodations are examined.METHODS: Studies published between 1990-2016 from four databases were reviewed. From these databases, studies that specified accommodations that were available/provided and/or addressed cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis of work accommodations were included.RESULTS: Of the 1362 eligible studies, only 15 were included. Work accommodations that were provided to individuals assisted in mitigating limitations in the work place and improved length of job tenure, as well as reduced the severity of certain mental disorders. The costs associated with these accommodations were found to be minimal and had positive economic benefits for employers.CONCLUSION: Work accommodations help individuals with mental disorders meet employment expectations with minimal cost.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Employment, Supported', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mentally Ill Persons', 'Workplace']
| 31,658,080
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['N01.824.245.350', 'N02.421.784.644.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.150.725'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gravity and hemineglect.
|
Spatial cognition requires the integration of visual inputs with proprioceptive and vestibular information about the position of the eye, the head and the body. All these sources are used by the brain to produce multiple higher-order (e.g. egocentric) representations of space, subserving accurate spatial behaviour. Such spatial representations are disrupted by unilateral cerebral damage producing neglect in the contralateral side of space. In eight brain-damaged patients with left unilateral neglect the manipulation of gravitational-otolithic information, obtained by placing patients in a supine position, produced a significant reduction of the rightward directional error in the line bisection task in all cases. This finding suggests that, in patients with neglect, gravitational information is processed in a non-symmetrical fashion, with a rightward bias towards the side of the lesion. This is the first study showing that manipulation of gravitational input affects neuropsychological disorders of visuo-spatial processing.
|
['Aged', 'Attention', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Functional Laterality', 'Gravitation', 'Humans', 'Orientation', 'Posture', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Space Perception', 'Vestibular Nuclei']
| 8,742,490
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['G01.060.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['G11.427.695'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Fluorocarbon nanodrops as acoustic temperature probes.
|
This work investigated the use of superheated fluorocarbon nanodrops for ultrasound thermal imaging and the use of mixed fluorocarbons for tuning thermal and acoustic thresholds for vaporization. Droplets were fabricated by condensing phospholipid-coated microbubbles containing C3F8 and C4F10 mixed at various molar ratios. Vaporization temperatures first were measured in a closed system by optical transmission following either isothermal pressure release or isobaric heating. The vaporization temperature was found to depend linearly on the percentage of C4F10 in the droplet core, indicating excellent tunability under these fluorocarbon-saturated conditions. Vaporization temperatures were then measured in an open system using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, where it was found that the mixed droplets behaved like pure C4F10 drops. Additionally, the critical mechanical index for vaporization was measured at the limits of therapeutic hyperthermia (37 and 60 °C), and again the mixed droplets were found to behave like pure C4F10 drops. These results suggested that C3F8 preferentially dissolves out of the droplet core in open systems, as shown by a simple mass transfer model of multicomponent droplet dissolution. Finally, proof-of-concept was shown that pure C4F10 nanodrops can be used as an acoustic temperature probe. Overall, these results not only demonstrate the potential of superheated fluorocarbon emulsions for sonothermetry but also point to the limits of tunability for fluorocarbon mixtures owing to preferential release of the more soluble species to the atmosphere.
|
['Acoustics', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Models, Chemical', 'Nanostructures', 'Temperature']
| 26,359,919
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['E05.599.495'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparing the German versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu) and the Child Behavior Checklist.
|
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief behavioural screening questionnaire that can be completed in about 5 minutes by the parents and teachers of 4-16 year olds. The scores of the English version correlate well with those of the considerably longer Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The present study compares the German versions of the questionnaires. Both SDQ and CBCL were completed by the parents of 273 children drawn from psychiatric clinics (N = 163) and from a community sample (N = 110). The children from the community sample also filled in the SDQ self-report and the Youth Self Report (YSR). The children from the clinic sample received an ICD-10 diagnosis if applicable. Scores from the parent and self-rated SDQ and CBCL/YSR were highly correlated and equally able to distinguish between the community and clinic samples, with the SDQ showing significantly better results regarding the total scores. They were also equally able to distinguish between disorders within the clinic sample, the only significant difference being that the SDQ was better able to differentiate between children with and without hyperactivity-inattention. The study shows that like the English originals, the SDQ-Deu and the German CBCL are equally valid for most clinical and research purposes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Male', 'Psychometrics', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 11,202,102
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hotspotting: Development of an Interprofessional Education and Service Learning Program for Care Management in Home Care Patients.
|
The purpose of this article is to describe a service learning opportunity where interprofessional teams of students worked together to address patients' social determinants of health through home visits. This article describes this process, known as "hotspotting," and presents the development of this project, including collaboration with a local home health agency, recruiting of students, and weekly team meetings for debriefing. Evaluation data, barriers with implementation, and next steps for sustainability are also discussed.
|
['Education, Nursing', 'Home Care Services', 'House Calls', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Nursing Education Research', 'Patient Care Management', 'Program Development', 'Social Determinants of Health', 'Students, Health Occupations', 'Students, Nursing', 'Students, Pharmacy']
| 29,595,568
|
[['I02.358.462'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['N04.452.758.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['N04.590'], ['N04.452.760'], ['N01.224.425.762', 'N01.400.675'], ['M01.848.769'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['M01.848.769.768']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of the antipyretic action of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rabbits.
|
alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or paracetamol was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle (I.C.V.) of rabbits with elevations in rectal temperature induced by sodium arachidonate (I.C.V.), prostaglandin E2 (I.C.V.) or leucocytic pyrogen (I.V.). alpha-MSH (200 ng) was more effective than paracetamol (0.5 mg) in reducing fever caused by leucocytic pyrogen, but it did not alter hyperthermia induced by sodium arachidonate. In contrast, paracetamol reduced hyperthermic responses to arachidonate by about 70%. Neither alpha-MSH nor paracetamol affected hyperthermic responses to prostaglandin E2. The doses of alpha-MSH and paracetamol used in these experiments did not interfere with thermoregulation in a cold environment (10 degrees C). We conclude (1) that alpha-MSH and paracetamol differ in their central mechanism of antipyresis or (2) that inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by paracetamol is not requisite for its antipyretic effect, in which case central release of alpha-MSH may mediate the antipyretic effect of paracetamol.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Body Temperature', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Cold Temperature', 'Dinoprostone', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones', 'Prostaglandins E', 'Proteins', 'Pyrogens', 'Rabbits', 'Time Factors']
| 3,858,506
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.750', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750', 'D12.644.400.460', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750', 'D12.776.631.650.460'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250'], ['D12.776'], ['D27.888.569.673'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Crystal structure of the apo form of a â-transaminase from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK.
|
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent â-transaminases (âTAs) reversibly catalyze transamination reactions by recognizing amino groups linked to the â-carbon atoms of their substrates. Although several âTA structures have been determined as holo forms containing PLP, little is known about the effect of PLP on the conversion of the apo structure to the holo structure. We determined the crystal structure of the apo form of a âTA from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK at 2.2 ? resolution to elucidate how PLP affects the âTA structure. The structure revealed three major disordered regions near the active site. Structural comparison with the holo form also showed that the disordered regions in the apo form are ordered and partially adopt secondary structures in the holo form. These findings suggest that PLP incorporation into the active site contributes to the structural stability of the active site architecture, thereby forming the complete active site. Our results provide novel structural insights into the role of PLP in terms of active site formation.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Mesorhizobium', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Domains', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Transaminases']
| 30,805,955
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B03.660.050.600.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D08.811.913.477.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanical thrombectomy in acute embolic stroke: preliminary results with the revive device.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and technical feasibility of a new thrombectomy device (Revive; Micrus Endovascular) in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.METHODS: Ten patients with acute large vessel occlusions were treated with the Revive device between October 2010 and December 2010. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission was 19.0; mean duration of symptoms was 172 minutes. Recanalization was assessed using the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score. Clinical outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) after thrombectomy was determined on Day 1, at discharge, and at Day 30.RESULTS: Vessel recanalization (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b or 3) was successful in all patients without device-related complications. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 24 hours after the intervention, at discharge, and at Day 30 was 14.0, 11.5, and 5.1, respectively. At Day 30, 6 patients had a clinical improvement of >8 points or an National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 0 to 1, 1 patient showed minor improvement, and 3 patients had died. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients, of which 1 was fatal.CONCLUSIONS: Thrombectomy with the Revive device in patients with stroke with acute large vessel occlusions demonstrated to be technically safe and highly effective. Clinical safety and efficacy have to be established in larger clinical trials.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Embolism', 'Intracranial Thrombosis', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stroke', 'Thrombectomy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,817,139
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.400', 'C14.907.253.566.300', 'C14.907.355.590.213.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425', 'C14.907.253.566.350', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E04.100.814.842'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pharmacological properties and toxicology of MED-15, a prodrug of tolmetin.
|
In this study the pharmacological evaluation of MED-15, a non-acidic prodrug of tolmetin, is described. After oral administration the new compound shows a marked anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of tolmetin, but with minor ulcerogenic action and lower acute toxicity.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Female', 'Glycine', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Male', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Prodrugs', 'Pyrroles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tolmetin']
| 1,308,474
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D12.125.481'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['D26.675'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.129.578.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel treatment for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
|
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dermal, mucosal, and visceral telangiectases as well as pulmonary and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Recurrent epistaxis occurs in the majority of patients, and by the very nature of the thin walled vessels involved it is often refractory to conventional forms of treatment. We present the case of an 82-year-old lady with intractable epistaxis secondary to HHT, that was successfully controlled by the application of fibrin glue.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Epistaxis', 'Female', 'Fibrin Tissue Adhesive', 'Humans', 'Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic', 'Tissue Adhesives']
| 12,437,844
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C08.460.261', 'C09.603.261', 'C23.550.414.712', 'C23.888.852.040'], ['D12.776.124.270.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.454.900', 'C14.907.823.780', 'C15.378.463.515.900', 'C16.131.240.850.968'], ['D25.919', 'D27.720.102.919', 'E07.858.690.860', 'J01.637.051.919']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phylogenetic assignment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing clinical isolates in Japan by maximum a posteriori estimation.
|
Intra-species phylogeny of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been regarded as a clue to estimate its potential risk to develop drug-resistance and various epidemiological tendencies. Genotypic characterization of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), a standard tool to ascertain transmission routes, has been improving as a public health effort, but determining phylogenetic information from those efforts alone is difficult. We present a platform based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation to estimate phylogenetic information for M. tuberculosis clinical isolates from individual profiles of VNTR types. This study used 1245 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates obtained throughout Japan for construction of an MAP estimation formula. Two MAP estimation formulae, classification of Beijing family and other lineages, and classification of five Beijing sublineages (ST11/26, STK, ST3, and ST25/19 belonging to the ancient Beijing subfamily and modern Beijing subfamily), were created based on 24 loci VNTR (24Beijing-VNTR) profiles and phylogenetic information of the isolates. Recursive estimation based on the formulae showed high concordance with their authentic phylogeny by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of the isolates. The formulae might further support phylogenetic estimation of the Beijing lineage M. tuberculosis from the VNTR genotype with various geographic backgrounds. These results suggest that MAP estimation can function as a reliable probabilistic process to append phylogenetic information to VNTR genotypes of M. tuberculosis independently, which might improve the usage of genotyping data for control, understanding, prevention, and treatment of TB.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Beijing', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Minisatellite Repeats', 'Models, Genetic', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Phylogeny', 'Phylogeography', 'Tuberculosis']
| 26,220,897
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['Z01.252.474.164.225', 'Z01.433.114'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.340.024.850.550'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Effects of WR1065 on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor imbalance: Possible involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
|
Over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is postulated to be the main contributor in degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. In this study we investigated the effects of WR1065, a free radical scavenger, on motor imbalance, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines in CSF and brain of hemi-parkinsonian rats. Lesion of dopaminergic neurons was done by unilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine into the central region of the substentia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to induce hemi-parkinsonism and motor imbalance in rats. WR1065 (20, 40 and 80ìg/2ìl/rat) was administered three days before 6-OHDA administration. After three weeks behavioral study was performed and then brain and CSF samples were collected to assess tumor necrosis factor (TNFá), interlukin (IL-1â), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). WR1065 pre-treatment in rats before receiving 6-OHDA, improved significantly motor impairment and caused reduction of MDA and inflammatory cytokines TNFá and IL-1â levels, while GSH level significantly increased when compared with lesioned rats. Our study indicated that WR1065 could improve 6-OHDA-induced motor imbalance. Furthermore, it decreased lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cytokines and restored the level of GSH up to normal range. We suggest that WR1065 can be proposed as a potential neuroprotective agent in motor impairments of PD. However to prove this hypothesis more clinical trial studies should be done.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glutathione', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Mercaptoethylamines', 'Motor Activity', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxidopamine', 'Parkinsonian Disorders', 'Pars Compacta', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 27,222,379
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D02.092.471.562', 'D02.886.489.472'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['C10.228.140.079.862', 'C10.228.662.600'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Behavioral characterization of dopamine D5 receptor null mutant mice.
|
To study behavioral functions of the D5 subtype, mice were generated with null mutations in the D5 gene. This 1st behavioral characterization of D5 null mutant mice (D5-/-) indicated normal general health, sensory abilities, and neurological reflexes. Under basal conditions, D5-/- mice were generally normal on locomotor activity, the rotarod test, acoustic startle response, prepulse inhibition, elevated plus-maze, light <--> dark exploration, Morris water maze, and cued and contextual fear conditioning. In the Porsolt forced swim test for antidepressant activity, male D5-/- mice showed lower levels of immobility. D5-/- mice showed some evidence of reduced responses to the hyperactivity-inducing effects of the D1/D5 receptor agonist SKF 81297. The ability of SKF 81297 to disrupt acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition appeared to be attenuated in D5-/- mice. These results suggest that the D5 receptor is not essential for many dopamine-mediated behaviors but may contribute to the pharmacological activation of dopaminergic pathways relevant to exploratory locomotion, startle, and prepulse inhibition.
|
['Animals', 'Arousal', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Motivation', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Receptors, Dopamine D5', 'Reflex, Startle']
| 11,584,926
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400.500'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.800', 'E01.370.600.550.650.800', 'F02.830.702.807', 'G11.561.731.869']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Needle perforation of the bowel in childhood.
|
Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies occurs frequently in childhood. The majority of them are passed spontaneously, and conservative management generally is recommended for foreign bodies in the stomach and duodenum. However, in some cases, operative intervention should be considered to prevent undesirable complications, such as intestinal perforation. Two cases of intestinal perforation owing to accidental ingestion of a needle are reported.
|
['Abdomen, Acute', 'Appendicitis', 'Cecal Diseases', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dental Instruments', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Foreign-Body Migration', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Jejunal Diseases', 'Male']
| 14,966,749
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054.200', 'C23.888.821.030.249'], ['C01.463.099', 'C06.405.205.099', 'C06.405.469.110.207'], ['C06.405.469.110'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E06.186.501', 'E07.222.501'], ['E01.171'], ['C26.392.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['C06.405.469.600']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Caries management in the dental practice.
|
Practical, cost-effective implementation of caries management in general practice has been limited by several factors. The single pathogen model of disease has not been effective in clinical caries management, and the advent of the ecologic plaque model and a better understanding of the management of imbalances in dental biofilms have led to the development of more effective treatment protocols based on the elevation of oral pH. Simplification of caries risk assessment, in combination with more effective treatment regimens, means effective caries management can be readily provided by general dentists. These gains in efficiency and efficacy, in combination with applicable current dental terminology (CDT) codes, means that caries management has become economically viable in private practice.
|
['Adult', 'Biofilms', 'Child', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Caries Activity Tests', 'Dental Caries Susceptibility', 'Dental Plaque', 'General Practice, Dental', 'Health Education, Dental', 'Health Plan Implementation', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Insurance Claim Reporting', 'Lactobacillus', 'Practice Management, Dental', 'Risk Assessment', 'Streptococcus mutans']
| 19,301,525
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.342.250'], ['G10.549.140'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['H02.163.342'], ['I02.233.332.374', 'N02.421.726.407.457', 'N06.890.410'], ['N03.349.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['N03.219.521.576.210'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['N04.452.758.708.300'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--United States, 1994-1997.
|
Indigenous rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) have been targeted for elimination in the United States by the year 2000. Progress toward reaching this goal is monitored through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and the National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry. From 1969 through 1989, the numbers of annual reported cases decreased 99.6% for rubella and 97.4% for CRS. Following a slight resurgence during 1990-1991, the number of reported rubella cases reached record lows during 1992-1996 (annual average: 183 reported cases). This report summarizes the characteristics of rubella and CRS cases and outbreaks reported in the United States from 1994 through 1996 and provisional data as of April 18, 1997. The findings indicate sustained low incidence of rubella and CRS since 1992 and possible interruption of transmission of rubella virus in late 1996.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Rubella', 'Rubella Syndrome, Congenital', 'United States']
| 9,148,137
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01.925.782.930.700.700'], ['C01.925.782.930.700.700.700', 'C16.131.077.790'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
An Integrated Approach to Bias in a Longitudinal Survey in the United Kingdom: Assessing Construct, Method, and Item Bias in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).
|
Construct, method, and item bias are three levels of measurement bias (i.e., internal bias) essential for valid group comparisons. While many studies often focus on only one level of bias, an integrated perspective on bias is still missing, especially in longitudinal designs. The aim of this study is to address bias in an integrated manner, using four waves of data in the U.K. Longitudinal Household Panel Survey. Responses to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) from natives and two generations of immigrants were used to analyze the three levels of bias. While the basic structure of the GHQ-12 was stable across groups and time, item and method bias decreased with repeated administrations. Results were confirmed with a sensitivity test. The integrated results allowed for a distinction between temporal sources of bias that became smaller over time and sources affecting valid comparisons persistently. We discuss the implications for mental health assessment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bias', 'Cultural Characteristics', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']
| 29,117,704
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['M01.189'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Outcomes of standard and tailored anti-tuberculosis regimens in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion.
|
BACKGROUND: In an era of increasing concerns about drug resistance, there are limited data on treatment outcomes and recurrence rates after standard short-course anti-tuberculosis treatment in patients with culture-negative tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE).OBJECTIVE: To compare treatment outcomes and recurrence rates between a standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with negative culture and unavailable drug susceptibility testing (DST) data, and a tailored anti-tuberculosis regimen based on individual DST data.DESIGN: We analysed the data of all patients with TPE from the TB registry database at Kyungpook National University Hospital, South Korea, during 2008-2012. The study population was divided into two groups according to regimen.RESULTS: Standard and tailored anti-tuberculosis regimens were administered to respectively 124 and 146 patients with TPE. Drug resistance was detected in 10% of patients with TPE, about a quarter of whom were multidrug-resistant. The treatment completion rate was not significantly different between the two groups (91% vs. 93%). During a median 20-month follow-up, the recurrence rate was also similar in both groups (1% vs.1%).CONCLUSIONS: Despite limited statistical power, these preliminary results support the hypothesis that immunocompetent patients with culture-negative TPE can be appropriately managed with a standard short-course anti-tuberculosis regimen, even in this era of increasing concerns about drug resistance.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Pleural Effusion', 'Prevalence', 'Recurrence', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant']
| 27,776,594
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['C08.528.652'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nocturnal panic and recent life events.
|
Recent research has hypothesized an association between traumatic events and nocturnal panic (NP). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the onset of nocturnal panic attacks is associated with a higher frequency of and/or greater severity of stressful or traumatic life events than that of patients with panic disorders (PDs) who experience daytime panic attacks (DPs) while awake. A secondary aim was to investigate whether NP is associated with specific life events at the onset of the disorder. Our sample comprised 129 subjects with PD (DSM-IV). We investigated the number and types of stressful life events that occurred in the year prior to PD onset using a semistructured interview. Of the sample, 28.7% had recurrent nocturnal panic attacks (NP group). Subjects with and without recurrent NP did not differ on any sociodemographic or clinical characteristic. Neither the number nor type of life event distinguished those with or without NP. The subgroup of patients with PD with recurrent NP appears to represent a variant of PD with a possible increased vulnerability to conditions of diminished arousal as a trigger of panic attacks. However, the hypothesis that this vulnerability might be determined by life events that occur in the period preceding PD onset was not supported by the findings of this study.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Life Change Events', 'Male', 'Observer Variation', 'Panic Disorder', 'Sleep']
| 16,175,567
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['F03.080.700'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
HLA-dependent hypersensitivity reaction to nevirapine in Chinese Han HIV-infected patients.
|
In this study, one hundred and three HIV-positive Chinese Han patients treated with a nevirapine (NVP)-based regimens were investigated for the association between nevirapine hypersensitivity reaction (NVP HSR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele. HLA-Cw, -DRB1 alleles were determined in 32 NVP HSR cases and 71 NVP-tolerant patients. We found that considerable overlap was observed for the clinical and demographic characteristics of the 32 hypersensitive patients and 71 tolerant patients. Twelve out of 32 NVP HSR cases developed allergic hepatotoxicity. More HLA-Cw*04 alleles were observed in NVP HSR cases than in NVP-tolerant cases (p=0.029). The frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 in NVP-tolerant cases was significant higher than that in NVP HSR cases ( p=0.018). Multivariate logistic regression identified that HLA-Cw*04 presence was a risk factor related to NVP HSR (p=0.030, OR=3.611, 95% CI of OR: 1.135-11.489). To clearly understanding its value in clinical practice, further studies involving larger cohorts of patients from different races with different levels of immune suppression are needed.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'HLA-C Antigens', 'HLA-DRB1 Chains', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nevirapine', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors']
| 21,902,584
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.600', 'D12.776.543.550.439.600', 'D23.050.301.500.100.600', 'D23.050.301.500.450.390', 'D23.050.705.552.100.600', 'D23.050.705.552.450.390'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.200.010', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.333.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.333.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.725.506'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comprehensive qPCR profiling of gene expression in single neuronal cells.
|
A major challenge in neuronal stem cell biology lies in characterization of lineage-specific reprogrammed human neuronal cells, a process that necessitates the use of an assay sensitive to the single-cell level. Single-cell gene profiling can provide definitive evidence regarding the conversion of one cell type into another at a high level of resolution. The protocol we describe uses Fluidigm Biomark dynamic arrays for high-throughput expression profiling from single neuronal cells, assaying up to 96 independent samples with up to 96 quantitative PCR (qPCR) probes (equivalent to 9,216 reactions) in a single experiment, which can be completed within 2-3 d. The protocol enables simple and cost-effective profiling of several hundred transcripts from a single cell, and it could have numerous utilities.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Microfluidics', 'Neurons', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Single-Cell Analysis']
| 22,193,304
|
[['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.242.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Deviation in cortisol metabolism induced by rifampicin. Therapeutic consequences in adrenal failure (author's transl)].
|
Deviation of cortisol metabolism in favour of its 6 beta-hydroxylated derivative was demonstrated in two patients with adrenal failure receiving substitution corticosteroid therapy and rifampicin. The existence of a frank increase in the metabolic clearance antipyrin was in favour of an hepatic enzyme induction. After rifampicin treatment was stopped, the 24 hour urinary excretion of 6 beta-OH-F returned to normal, demonstrating the responsability of the drug. This enzyme induction results in a need to increase the dose of hydrocortisone substitution therapy in patients with Addison's disease treated with rifampicin.
|
['Addison Disease', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adrenal Insufficiency', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antipyrine', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hydroxycorticosteroids', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Rifampin', 'Steroid Hydroxylases', 'Tuberculosis']
| 471,734
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cambrian lobopodians and extant onychophorans provide new insights into early cephalization in Panarthropoda.
|
Cambrian lobopodians are important for understanding the evolution of arthropods, but despite their soft-bodied preservation, the organization of the cephalic region remains obscure. Here we describe new material of the early Cambrian lobopodian Onychodictyon ferox from southern China, which reveals hitherto unknown head structures. These include a proboscis with a terminal mouth, an anterior arcuate sclerite, a pair of ocellus-like eyes and branched, antenniform appendages associated with this ocular segment. These findings, combined with a comparison with other lobopodians, suggest that the head of the last common ancestor of fossil lobopodians and extant panarthropods comprized a single ocular segment with a proboscis and terminal mouth. The lack of specialized mouthparts in O. ferox and the involvement of non-homologous mouthparts in onychophorans, tardigrades and arthropods argue against a common origin of definitive mouth openings among panarthropods, whereas the embryonic stomodaeum might well be homologous at least in Onychophora and Arthropoda.
|
['Animals', 'Arthropods', 'Biological Evolution', 'China', 'Extremities', 'Fossils', 'Head', 'Mouth']
| 23,232,391
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['A01.378'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['A01.456'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Undetected tuberculosis in prison. Source of infection for community at large.
|
Discovery of two cases of infectious tuberculosis in a state prison in 1976 prompted a careful study of the entire population of 1,500. Eight more cases were found, giving a morbidity of 670/100,000 (arkansas rate, 21.1). The epidemic was aborted by the use of isoniazid and the establishment of a program for screening and periodic retesting. Clear evidence was found for intramural spread of the infection, and eight of 16 persons with clinical tuberculosis from 1975 to 1977 had entered the prison uninfected. Nine percent of 800 men with tuberculosis in Arkansas from 1972 through 1977 had "done time" in this particular prison. In January 1978 a child died of tuberculosis transmitted from a former inmate who had been infected while incarcerated in 1976 but released without therapy. Tuberculosis morbidity was 6.5 times greater in state prisons than in the general population.
|
['Arkansas', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Prisoners', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'United States']
| 712,956
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.750.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['M01.729'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Signaling pathways of bisphenol A-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal cells: role of calcium-induced reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor-kappaB.
|
In the present study, we investigated the neurotoxicity of bisphenol A [BPA; 2,2-bis-(4 hydroxyphenyl) propane] and the underlying mechanisms of action in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. BPA, known to be a xenoestrogen, is used in the production of water bottles, cans, and teeth suture materials. BPA-treated HT-22 cells showed lower cell viability than did controls at concentrations of BPA over 100 microM. BPA induced apoptotic cell death as indicated by staining with Hoechst 33258, costaining with Annexin V/propidium iodide, and activation of caspase 3. BPA regulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing intracellular calcium. BPA activated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors for calcium, ROS, ERK, and JNK decreased BPA-induced cell death; however, inhibitor for NF-kappaB increased BPA-induced cell death. The results suggest that calcium, ROS, ERK, and JNK are involved in BPA-induced apoptotic cell death in HT-22 cells. In contrast, an NF-kappaB cascade was activated for survival signaling after BPA treatment.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calcium', 'Cell Line', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hippocampus', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neurons', 'Neurotoxins', 'Phenols', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transfection']
| 18,521,933
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.888.569.504'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of the second-order derivative UV spectrophotometric method for direct determination of paracetamol in urine intended for biopharmaceutical characterisation of drug products.
|
Paracetamol is a widely used nonsalicylate analgesic and antipyretic drug. The existing methods for the determination of paracetamol in biological fluids are mainly HPLC techniques, although there are some reported methods based on spectrophotometric determinations. However, all these methods involve some extraction or derivatisation procedures. In the present study the UV spectra of investigated samples were recorded over the wavelength range 220-400 nm (lambda step 0.21 nm; scan speed 60 nm/min) and second-order derivative spectra were calculated. Second-order derivative spectra of different blank urine samples displayed the presence of a zero-crossing point at 245-247 nm defined as lambdazc. The zero-order absorption spectra of paracetamol in water displays maximum absorbance at 243 nm, while in second derivative spectra, a minimum peak at 246 nm was observed. Therefore, the application of zero-crossing technique to the second-derivative UV absorption spectrum should be useful for the determination of paracetamol using 2Dlambdazc. The proposed method enables determination of total paracetamol in urine directly and simply by reading the 2Dlambdazc of the diluted samples. The obtained results were in good accordance with published data on cumulative urinary excretion after per oral administration of paracetamol obtained applying different spectrophotometric methods of determination. It could be useful for biopharmaceutical characterisation of drug products (monitoring of the levels of paracetamol in urine in bioavailability testing, for the evaluation of in vitro-in vivo correlation and screening of different formulations during drug product development).
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Biopharmaceutics', 'Humans', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 14,520,684
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['H01.158.703.003', 'H02.628.049'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Soluble form of LR11 is highly increased in the vitreous fluids of patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane.
|
PURPOSE: LR11 (also called SorLA or SORL1) is a migration regulator of adherent cells with the immature proliferative phenotype. The present study investigated the clinical and pathological involvement of the soluble form of LR11 (sLR11) in the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM).METHODS: The subjects were 51 patients with iERM (24 cellophane macular reflex (CMR) and 27 preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF)) and 45 patients with macular holes as age and sex-matched controls. Vitreous sLR11 and transforming growth factor (TGF)â2 levels were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: The sLR11 levels in the vitreous fluids of patients with iERM (20.2 ± 8.1 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in controls (11.4 ± 4.7 ng/mL). Among the patients with iERM, the vitreous sLR11 levels were significantly higher in PMF (23.6 ± 8.2 ng/mL), than those in CMR (16.5 ± 5.9 ng/mL). Multivariate regression analysis of the studied factors showed that sLR11 was a unique factor independently contributing to the discrimination of the iERM patients against the control subjects (odds ratio [OR] 1.35 per 1-ng/mL increase, 95% CI 1.09-1.67; P = 0.004). ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and the specificity of sLR11, but not of other studied factors, categorized into the rank of moderate accuracy. Finally, there was a positive correlation (R = 0.588; P = 0.003) between the vitreous levels of sLR11 and TGFâ2 using the available samples.CONCLUSIONS: sLR11 levels in vitreous fluids were specifically increased in patients with iERM, suggesting the involvement in the pathology of proliferative and migrating cells for the development of iERM.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Movement', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epiretinal Membrane', 'Female', 'Humans', 'LDL-Receptor Related Proteins', 'Male', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta2', 'Vitreous Body']
| 28,102,455
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C11.768.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.526', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.500'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.200', 'D12.644.276.954.775.200', 'D12.776.467.374.687.200', 'D12.776.467.942.775.200', 'D23.529.374.687.200', 'D23.529.942.775.200'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental carcinoma of the biliary tract induced in dogs by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
|
The present study was designed to produce the experimental carcinoma of the biliary tract in dogs. Tube cholecystostomy was constructed in 8 mongrel dogs and 5-10 ml of 0.7-1.0 mg/ml solution of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) was administered through the tube every day for the maximum period of 180 days. As the results: The experiment had to be cut off in 7 dogs (5 dogs: The tube was inadvertently pulled out. 2 dogs: died of general weakness). Pathological changes were observed in one dog given ENNG for 180 days and sacrificed at 372 days after the beginning of the experiment. Macroscopically, scattered foci of flat elevation of the mucosa were observed in the entire mucosal surface of common bile duct and a tiny polypoid lesion at the terminal protion. A tiny polypoid projection was adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa, and areas of flat elevation showed marked hyperplasia of mucosa with partial atypical proliferation. No remarkable findings were noted in other organs.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Common Bile Duct', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Male', 'Methylnitronitrosoguanidine', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Nitrosoguanidines']
| 892,336
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['A03.159.183.079.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.078.370.649.400', 'D02.654.567.400'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D02.078.370.649', 'D02.654.567']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Colonic volvulus].
|
A study of 62 cases of acute volvulus of the colon occurring in 45 patients is reported. A plan of management is discussed. Thanks to early diagnosis and treatment the mortality rate was improved and compares favourably with data in the literature.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Barium Sulfate', 'Colonic Diseases', 'Enema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritonitis', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Sigmoidoscopy']
| 7,302,546
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.103.075', 'D01.875.800.800.850.075'], ['C06.405.469.158'], ['E02.319.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200.700', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160.800', 'E04.210.240.250.160.800', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Progesterone increases the incidence of bovine herpesvirus 1 reactivation from latency and stimulates productive infection.
|
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), including modified live vaccines, can cause abortions in pregnant cows. Progesterone maintains pregnancy and promotes spermiogenesis and testosterone biosynthesis in males: furthermore, progesterone is a neuro-steroid. Recent published studies demonstrated progesterone stimulated the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter, and two glucocorticoid receptor response elements within the promoter were required for progesterone mediated transactivation. In this study, we tested whether progesterone induces reactivation from latency in rabbits. As expected, the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induced reactivation from latency in males and females. While progesterone induced reactivation from latency in approximately one-half of male rabbits, virus shedding was sporadic compared to dexamethasone and less efficient in female rabbits. Progesterone significantly increased productive infection in rabbit skin cells, which correlated with stimulating reactivation. These studies suggest progesterone promotes BoHV-1 spread in cattle, in part, by increasing the frequency of reactivation from latency.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Herpesvirus 1, Bovine', 'Male', 'Progesterone', 'Rabbits', 'Sex Factors', 'Virus Activation', 'Virus Latency', 'Virus Replication', 'Virus Shedding']
| 31,697,987
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G06.920.925.940'], ['G06.920.900'], ['G06.920.925'], ['G07.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Few infected CD4+ T cells but a high proportion of replication-competent provirus copies in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
|
The virus load in CD4+ T cells from six asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals was determined by limiting-dilution analysis with a sensitive virus isolation procedure and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both methods allowed detection of one HIV-1-infected cell among 10(5) uninfected cells. The number of provirus-containing CD4+ T cells was found to be 1 per 4,000 to 150,000 (median, 1 per 29,000), as determined by virus isolation and 1 per 2,500 to 26,000 (median, 1 per 12,000), as determined by PCR. Infected cells contained an average of 1 to 2 provirus copies, and a high proportion of the provirus copies (1 in 1 to 1 in 6; median, 1 in 2) were replication competent. The results suggest that only a few CD4+ T cells are likely to be lost as a direct consequence of the presence of HIV-1 in infected cells in asymptomatic individuals and that additional mechanisms may contribute to the depletion of CD4+ T cells observed in vivo.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'DNA, Viral', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proviruses', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Virus Replication']
| 1,672,165
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B04.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Brucellosis in a student].
|
We describe the case of a student with a history of two and a half months of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cutaneous, hematological and bone manifestations, within an epidemiological background compatible with the diagnosis of Brucellosis. Diagnosis of Brucella abortus was confirmed by serology and positive blood cultures. Clinical manifestations of brucellosis and diagnostic and treatment strategies are reviewed.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Brucella abortus', 'Brucellosis', 'Child', 'Doxycycline', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rifampin']
| 17,186,084
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.440.400.425.215.500.100', 'B03.660.050.070.100.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.167'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Attenuation of platelet reactivity by enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing haemodialysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Increased platelet reactivity presages adverse cardiac events. Because both haemodialysis and unfractionated heparin (UFH) can increase platelet reactivity, we compared platelet reactivity during haemodialysis when patients were anticoagulated with UFH or enoxaparin.METHODS: Patients (n = 20) underwent consecutive haemodialysis sessions with either UFH or enoxaparin in a random order. Blood was taken from the arterial end of the haemodialysis circuit at the initiation of haemodialysis before anticoagulation. Subsequently, blood was taken during dialysis from the venous end of the circuit 10 min after treatment with UFH or enoxaparin. Platelet reactivity was assessed with the use of flow cytometry by determining the capacity of platelets to bind fibrinogen and the surface expression of P-selectin in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 0 and 0.2 microM). Results were compared with the use of two-way repeated measure ANOVA.RESULTS: Platelet reactivity in arterial blood obtained at the beginning of dialysis prior to patients being treated with either UFH [0.2 microM ADP-induced capacity to bind fibrinogen = 28+/-15% (SD)] or enoxaparin (30+/-18%) was similar (P = 0.15). In contrast, platelet reactivity was less after treatment with enoxaparin compared with UFH (P = 0.006). The 0.2 microM ADP-induced capacity to bind fibrinogen in venous blood obtained 10 min after anticoagulation was 34+/-11% after treatment with UFH and 22+/-11% after treatment with enoxaparin.CONCLUSIONS: Anticoagulation with enoxaparin during haemodialysis is associated with less platelet reactivity compared with UFH. Accordingly, enoxaparin use may contribute to a lesser risk of cardiac events in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with haemodialysis.
|
['Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Blood Platelets', 'Enoxaparin', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'P-Selectin', 'Platelet Activation', 'Protein Binding', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 15,034,156
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.200'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.395.550.625.905', 'D12.776.503.843.775', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.543.550.625.905', 'D23.050.301.350.700.775'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of neonatal and late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac neonatal lupus.
|
BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a well-known complication of cardiac neonatal lupus, is associated with high mortality rate. Its risk factors remain unclear.METHODS: We analyzed occurrence of postnatal DCM among children with high-degree congenital heart block (CHB) and mothers with anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies.RESULTS: Among 187 neonates with CHB, 35 (18.8%, one missing data) had DCM and 22 (11.8%) died during a median follow-up of 7years [range: birth-36years]. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with postnatal DCM were in utero DCM (P=0.0199; HR=3.13 [95% CI: 1.20-8.16]), non-European origin (P=0.0052; HR=4.10 [95% CI: 1.81-9.28]) and pacemaker implantation (P=0.0013; HR=5.48 [95% CI: 1.94-15.47]). Postnatal DCM could be categorized in two subgroups: neonatal DCM (n=13, diagnosed at a median age of 0day [birth-4days]) and late-onset DCM (n=22, diagnosed at a median age of 15.2months [3.6months-22.8years]). Factors associated with neonatal DCM were in utero DCM, hydrops, endocardial fibroelastosis and pericardial effusion, whereas those associated with late-onset DCM were non-European origin, in utero mitral valve insufficiency, and pacemaker implantation. Fluorinated steroids showed no protective effect against late-onset DCM (P=0.27; HR=1.65 [95% CI: 0.63-4.25]). Probability of survival at 10years was 23.1% for newborns diagnosed neonatally with DCM, 53.9% for those who developed late-onset DCM, and 98.6% for those without DCM.CONCLUSION: Neonatal and late-onset DCM appear to be two different entities. None of the known risk factors associated with neonatal DCM predicted late-onset DCM. Long-term follow-up of cardiac function is warranted in all children with CHB.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Mortality', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 28,843,719
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['C14.280.195.160', 'C14.280.238.070', 'C16.320.488.750'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term outcome of chevron-osteotomy in juvenile hallux valgus.
|
The long-term outcome of juvenile hallux valgus treated by a modified Austin procedure was investigated. The clinical (subjective, AOFA Scores) and radiological outcome (hallux valgus angles, intermetatarsal angles, position of the sesamoid bones and metatarsal index of 15 feet in 12 patients, aged 14 years and 2 months (SD +/- 1 year 10 months) were assessed pre- and postoperatively and after 7 years and 3 months (SD +/- 3 years). A significant improvement of the hallux valgus angle and of the intermetatarsal angle was obtained, persisting until final follow-up. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal and AOFA-Midfoot score were 94.5 points and 853 points, respectively. The modified Austin procedure appears to be an effective procedure to correct a juvenile hallux valgus deformity, with long lasting improvement, no growth disturbances and good functional outcome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Hallux Valgus', 'Humans', 'Osteotomy', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,350,518
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C05.330.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.555.580'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Symptomatic and asymptomatic amoebiasis in two heterosexual couples.
|
Four cases of amoebiasis are described: two symptomatic with intestinal and hepatic involvement and two asymptomatic, diagnosed in two, heterosexual, Italian couples. Infection was probably acquired first by the men, via an indirect faccal-oral route, and then transmitted to their partners in the same way. The two amoebic strains isolated, from the woman of one couple and the man of the other, were characterized by electrophoresis as zymodemes II alpha- and XIX of Entamoeba histolytica. These four cases emphasise once more the role of cyst-passers in the spread of infection and the importance of biochemical identification of the amoebic isolates, enabling more specific treatment.
|
['Acetamides', 'Adult', 'Amebicides', 'Animals', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'Entamoebiasis', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Heterosexuality', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Ornidazole', 'Paromomycin', 'Spouses']
| 10,715,677
|
[['D02.065.064', 'D02.241.081.018.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.055'], ['B01.050'], ['N06.850.335'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.335.330'], ['C01.610.752.049.407'], ['A12.459'], ['F01.145.802.975.400', 'G08.686.867.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['D02.640.672.700', 'D03.383.129.308.658.700'], ['D09.408.051.706'], ['F01.829.263.500.660', 'I01.880.853.150.500.670', 'M01.816']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting in Alobar Holoprosencephaly: Does it Work Even When Patient Has No Sign of Raised Intracranial Pressure?
|
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental anomaly of forebrain characterized by a failure of division of the embryonic forebrain into hemispheres. It is associated with a set of facial anomalies at a rate of 80%. Survival rate, particularly in alobar HPE, is quite low. Alobar HPE is usually associated with a large dorsal cyst which might eventually lead to hydrocephalus and raised intracranial pressure. Placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt has been reported to be beneficial in symptomatic hydrocephalus accompanying HPE. Here we report a preterm infant born with alobar HPE and undergoing VP shunt placement although there was no sign of raised intracranial pressure. She is 12 months old now having near-normal developmental progress. This case has revealed that the placement of VP shunt, particularly inserting the catheter tip into dorsal cyst of HPE, might be beneficial and contribute to the survival and further brain development even in the absence of the signs of raised intracranial pressure.
|
['Female', 'Holoprosencephaly', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Intracranial Hypertension', 'Intracranial Pressure', 'Survival Rate', 'Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt']
| 30,896,515
|
[['C05.660.207.410', 'C10.500.034.875', 'C16.131.077.410', 'C16.131.260.380', 'C16.131.621.207.410', 'C16.131.666.034.875', 'C16.320.180.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['C10.228.140.631'], ['G11.561.170.505'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E04.035.188.850', 'E04.525.170.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
RNA polymerase II depletion promotes transcription of alternative mRNA species.
|
BACKGROUND: Cells respond to numerous internal and external stresses, such as heat, cold, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and osmotic pressure changes. In most cases, the primary response to stress is transcriptional induction of genes that assist the cells in tolerating the stress and facilitate the repair of the cellular damage. However, when the transcription machinery itself is stressed, responding by such standard mechanisms may not be possible.RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrate that depletion or inactivation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) changes the preferred polyadenylation site usage for several transcripts, and leads to increased transcription of a specific subset of genes. Surprisingly, depletion of RNA polymerase I (RNAPI) also promotes altered polyadenylation site usage, while depletion of RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) does not appear to have an impact.CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that stressing the transcription machinery by depleting either RNAPI or RNAPII leads to a novel transcriptional response that results in induction of specific mRNAs and altered polyadenylation of many of the induced transcripts.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Gene Deletion', 'Polyadenylation', 'RNA Polymerase II', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 27,578,267
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G02.111.760.225.710', 'G03.839.225.710', 'G05.308.700.225.710'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.762'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effectiveness of marine based fatty acid compound (PCSO-524) and firocoxib in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis.
|
BACKGROUND: NSAIDs are accepted as the most predictably efficacious medical treatment of the clinical signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The marine-based fatty-acid compound PCSO-524 has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for canine OA, however benefits of this agent is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PCSO-524 combined with the NSAID firocoxib using force plate gait analysis, orthopedic assessment score (OAS) and canine brief pain inventory score (CBPI) in dogs with OA. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted. Seventy-nine dogs that had hip and/or stifle OA were assigned randomly into three treatment groups: firocoxib, PCSO-524 and combination of firocoxib and PCSO-524, orally for 4 weeks. Peak vertical force (PVF, expressed as a percentage of bodyweight), OAS, CBPI, serum prostaglandin E2 concentration, hematology and blood chemistry values were evaluated before treatment (Day0), as well as at the second (Day14) and fourth week (Day28) during treatment.RESULTS: Within group analysis revealed significant increases in PVF over the 4-week treatment period for firocoxib, PCSO-524 and the combination (p < 0.05). Mean increases in PVF were 3.25 ± 4.13, 2.01 ± 3.86, 4.11 ± 4.69%BW (mean ± SD) respectively. The OAS showed non-significant change in all treatment groups. There were significant decreases in CBPI pain severity score (PSS) and CBPI pain interference scores (PIS) within some groups over time, however no significant differences were found between the groups. Significantly decreased serum PGE2 concentration (p < 0.05) was found in the combination group. Significant increases in BUN and creatinine (p < 0.05) compared to pre-treatment values were found in the firocoxib and combination groups but not in the PCSO-524 group at day28, but all values in all dogs remained within the normal ranges.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested combination of both PCSO-524 and firocoxib is more effective in alleviation of inflammation and improvement of weight bearing ability when compared to the uses of either PCSO-524 or firocoxib alone. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm this, and to determine if there is any benefit of PCSO-524 over placebo.
|
['4-Butyrolactone', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Dinoprostone', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Male', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sulfones']
| 31,623,621
|
[['D02.540.150', 'D03.383.312.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D10.251.355'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Estimating dose equivalence for new routes of drug administration.
|
For patient's convenience, dose administration of insulin via oral inhalation is often considered as an alternative to subcutaneous administration. An important statistical problem is to estimate dose equivalence, which is the amount of drug needed to be delivered by inhalation to generate an equivalent pharmacokinetic (PK) response produced by a therapeutic dose of subcutaneous insulin. Because of high intersubject variability, a crossover design clinical trial is typically used where data from both routes of administration are obtained from the same subject. A linear mixed effects model is proposed to describe the relationship between AK response and insulin dose for the two routes of administration. Estimation of dose equivalence in this setting has not been discussed in the statistical literature. Several competing methods for estimating dose equivalence are proposed and contrasted. A formula for calculating an approximate sample size necessary to estimate dose equivalence with a desired precision for the new route of administration is also provided.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Area Under Curve', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Sample Size']
| 15,587,978
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['D26'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biochemically Silent Sympathetic Paraganglioma, Pheochromocytoma, or Metastatic Disease in SDHD Mutation Carriers.
|
CONTEXT: Current guidelines do not consistently recommend imaging beyond the head and neck region in succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD) mutation carriers as long as catecholamine metabolite levels are within the reference range.PARTICIPANTS: We report a series of 10 patients carrying pathogenic variants in the SDHD gene from five tertiary referral centers for paraganglioma (PGL) in the Netherlands, who presented with a sympathetic PGL (sPGL), pheochromocytoma (PHEO), or metastases outside the head and neck region in the absence of excessive catecholamine production. Two of six patients with a biochemically silent sPGL/PHEO developed metastatic disease. Additionally, four patients were found to have metastases outside the head and neck region from head and neck PGL. The average interval between the initial diagnosis and discovery of the silent lesions was 10 (range, 0 to 32) years.CONCLUSIONS: The absence of excessive catecholamine production does not exclude the presence of manifestations of SDHD outside the head and neck region. These findings suggest that a more extensive imaging strategy in SDHD mutation carriers may be warranted for detection of biochemically silent lesions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paraganglioma', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'Young Adult']
| 31,194,241
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Using a new generation of classification system of antineoplastic drugs to guide Chinese medicine research].
|
A new generation of classification system of antineoplastic drugs was put forward based on comparing the first with the second generation classification system of antineoplastic drugs. Antineoplastic drugs are divided into cytotoxic drug, cells biological behavior regulator, biological response modifier and biochemical modulator. The using of biological response modifier (immune modulator for instance) and biochemical modulator are supplementary methods for Western medicine treatment in tumor, because the cytotoxic effects of Chinese herbs are lower than those of chemotherapeutic drugs. For the new breakthrough of Chinese medicine oncology research, new idea, new technology and new target should be used, the Chinese medicine mechanism should be studied from a new view. Reversing abnormal biological behavior of tumor cells by Chinese medicine could be an important breakthrough of Chinese medicine oncology research.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Humans', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Phytotherapy']
| 19,960,986
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['E02.190.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proteomic analysis of the maternal protein restriction rat model for schizophrenia: identification of translational changes in hormonal signaling pathways and glutamate neurotransmission.
|
Previous studies have found that some first onset schizophrenia patients show signs of impaired insulin signaling. Also, epidemiological studies have shown that periods of suboptimal nutrition including protein deficiencies during pregnancy can lead to increased incidence of metabolic conditions and psychiatric disorders in the offspring. For these reasons, we have carried out a molecular profiling analysis of blood serum and brain tissues from adult offspring produced by the maternal low protein (LP) rat model. The results showed similar changes to those seen in schizophrenia. Multiplex immunoassay profiling identified changes in the levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin along with alterations in inflammatory and vascular system-related proteins such as osteopontin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. LC-MS(E) proteomic profiling showed that glutamatergic pathways were altered in frontal cortex, while signaling pathways and cytoskeletal proteins involved in hormonal secretion and synaptic remodeling were altered in the hypothalamus. Taken together, these studies indicate that the LP rat model recapitulates several pathophysiological attributes seen in schizophrenia patients. We propose that the LP model may have utility for drug discovery efforts, especially to identify compounds that modulate the metabolic and glutamatergic systems.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Fetal Nutrition Disorders', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Pregnancy', 'Protein Deficiency', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Schizophrenia', 'Serum', 'Signal Transduction', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 23,071,080
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C13.703.277.677', 'C18.654.521.625'], ['E05.393.332'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C18.654.521.500.708'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['F03.700.750'], ['A12.207.152.846', 'A15.145.846'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surgical treatment of T3 lung cancer invading the chest wall.
|
Lung tumors invading the chest wall are classed as belonging to the T3 group and are considered potentially resectable. Their management, however, is controversial, and extrapleural resection, when possible, is preferred to en bloc resection which is regarded as a far more invasive and dangerous operation. Five year survival rates for completely resected cases range in the literature from 25 to 35%, but survival rates are much worse if lymph node metastases are present. These poor outcomes have prompted the development of combined surgical approaches: preoperative radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, has been used with an improvement in resectability rates, but only modest results in terms of median survival; in a number of case series, increased operative morbidity and mortality have been reported with this approach. The present report relates to 122 patients treated by en bloc (20 cases) or extrapleural (102 cases) resection, 31 of whom also received neoadjuvant treatment. The operative mortality was 4.6%. Median survival was 17 months after en bloc resection and 19 months after extrapleural resection. Though no statistically significant difference was found, extrapleural resection would appear to yield better results than the en bloc procedure.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Bronchogenic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Thoracic Neoplasms']
| 10,742,890
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220', 'C08.381.540.140', 'C08.785.520.100.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.894']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Teacher-student interpersonal relationships do change and affect academic motivation: a multilevel growth curve modelling.
|
BACKGROUND: Research has shown that the teacher-student interpersonal relationship (TSIR) is important for student motivation. Although TSIR has received a growing interest, there are only few studies that focus on changes and links between TSIR and student academic motivation in a longitudinal fashion in non-Western contexts.AIMS: This study investigated changes in TSIR and links with academic motivation as perceived by first-grade secondary school students in Indonesia. TSIR was studied from the perspective of interpersonal behaviour in terms of Influence and Proximity. Students' academic motivation was studied from the perspective of self-determination theory.SAMPLE AND METHODS: A total of 504 first-grade secondary school students of 16 mathematics and English classes participated in the study. Surveys were administered in five waves throughout the school year. Multilevel growth curve modelling was applied.RESULTS: Contrary to the (limited) general research findings from Western contexts, we found that the quality of TSIR (student perceptions) increased over time. The increase was slightly more pronounced for Proximity than for Influence. In accordance with the findings for the Western countries, the level of students' controlled motivation increased, while that of autonomous motivation decreased over time. However, the negative change in autonomous motivation was less pronounced. As in Western countries, TSIR was longitudinally linked with academic motivation, in particular, with autonomous motivation.CONCLUSIONS: Evidence is found that TSIR can change in a favourable way, and this positively affects student motivation. Future research could benefit from unravelling the influences of cultures on changes in TSIR in broader contexts.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Faculty', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indonesia', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Models, Psychological', 'Motivation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Schools', 'Students', 'Time Factors']
| 24,266,772
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['M01.526.702.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['M01.848'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Assessment of total arsenic and arsenic species stability in alga samples and their aqueous extracts.
|
In order to achieve reliable information on speciation analysis, it is necessary to assess previously the species stability in the sample to analyse. Furthermore, in those cases where the sample treatment for species extraction is time-consuming, an assessment of the species integrity in the extracts is of paramount importance. Thus, the present paper reports total arsenic and arsenic species stability in alga samples (Sargassum fulvellum and Hizikia fusiformis), as well as in their aqueous extracts, which were stored in amber glass and polystyrene containers at different temperatures. Total arsenic determination was carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), after sample acid digestion in a microwave oven, while arsenic speciation was conducted by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography on-line coupled to ICP-AES, with and without sample introduction by hydride generation (HPLC-ICP-AES and HPLC-HG-ICP-AES), after aqueous microwave-assisted extraction. The results obtained for solid alga samples showed that total arsenic (for Hijiki alga) and arsenic species present (As(V) for Hijiki and NIES No. 9 Sargasso) are stable for at least 12 months when samples are stored in polystyrene containers at +20 degrees C. On the other hand, a different behaviour was observed in the stability of total arsenic and As(V) species in aqueous extracts for both samples, being the best storage conditions for Sargasso extracts a temperature of -18 degrees C and polystyrene containers, under which they are stable for at least 15 days, while Hijiki extracts must be stored in polystyrene containers at +4 degrees C in order to ensure the stability for 10 days.
|
['Arsenic', 'Cell Extracts', 'Product Packaging', 'Sargassum', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 18,585,162
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['D20.777.162'], ['J01.576.761'], ['B01.750.600.725'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Oseltamivir Population Pharmacokinetics in the Ferret: Model Application for Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study Design.
|
The ferret is a suitable small animal model for preclinical evaluation of efficacy of antiviral drugs against various influenza strains, including highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Rigorous pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) assessment of ferret data has not been conducted, perhaps due to insufficient information on oseltamivir PK. Here, based on PK data from several studies on both uninfected and influenza-infected groups (i.e., with influenza A viruses of H5N1 and H3N2 subtypes and an influenza B virus) and several types of anesthesia we developed a population PK model for the active compound oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) in the ferret. The ferret OC population PK model incorporated delayed first-order input, two-compartment distribution, and first-order elimination to successfully describe OC PK. Influenza infection did not affect model parameters, but anesthesia did. The conclusion that OC PK was not influenced by influenza infection must be viewed with caution because the influenza infections in the studies included here resulted in mild clinical symptoms in terms of temperature, body weight, and activity scores. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine that administration of a 5.08 mg/kg dose of oseltamivir phosphate to ferret every 12 h for 5 days results in the same median OC area under the plasma concentration-time curve 0-12 h (i.e., 3220 mg h/mL) as that observed in humans during steady state at the approved dose of 75 mg twice daily for 5 days. Modeling indicated that PK variability for OC in the ferret model is high, and can be affected by anesthesia. Therefore, for proper interpretation of PK/PD data, sparse PK sampling to allow the OC PK determination in individual animals is important. Another consideration in appropriate design of PK/PD studies is achieving an influenza infection with pronounced clinical symptoms and efficient virus replication, which will allow adequate evaluation of drug effects.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Ferrets', 'Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Oseltamivir']
| 26,460,484
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.350'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.300'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['D02.065.064.525', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Electrodiagnosis in spinal cord injured persons with new weakness or sensory loss: central and peripheral etiologies.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and causes of late neurologic decline of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).DESIGN: Retrospective review of persons with SCI over a 9-year period. Those with complaints of new weakness or sensory loss were grouped into three categories based on clinical examination, electrodiagnosis, and imaging: (1) central pathology (ie, brain, spinal cord, or nerve root); (2) peripheral pathology (plexus or peripheral nerve); or (3) no identifiable etiology. The specific diagnoses of late neurologic decline were identified.SETTING: Regional Veterans Affairs Spinal Cord Injury Service.PATIENTS: Five hundred two inpatient and outpatient adults with SCI.RESULTS: Nineteen percent of the study population complained of new weakness and/or sensory loss. Neurologic abnormalities were noted in 13.5%, 7.2% with central and 6.4% with peripheral causes. The most common pathologies were posttraumatic syringomyelia (2.4%) and cervical (1.6%) and lumbosacral (1.2%) myelopathy/radiculopathy. A specific etiology was not determined in 6 cases (1.6%). Peripheral involvement was mostly from ulnar nerve entrapment (3.4%) and carpal tunnel syndrome (3.0%).CONCLUSIONS: Late-onset neurologic decline is common after SCI and can result from central or peripheral pathology. Regular neurologic monitoring of SCI patients is recommended, since many with neurologic decline respond favorably if diagnosed and treated early.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Weakness', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensation Disorders', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Washington']
| 10,453,766
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651.515', 'C10.597.613.593', 'C23.550.695', 'C23.888.592.608.593'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.597.751', 'C23.888.592.763'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Acromioclavicular dislocations: treatment by transfer of the conjoined tendon and distal end of the coracoid process to the clavicle.
|
A retrospective study of 23 acute and 6 chronic acromioclavicular dislocations treated by surgical transfer of the distal 1/2 inch of the coracoid process with the attached conjoined tendon of the coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps to the clavicle revealed 14 excellent, 14 good and one fair result. Results were determined according to symptoms, range of motion at the shoulder and elbow, strength, anatomic reduction, and return to previous activities. Although most patients with this injury are treated conservatively, this procedure is reserved for the athlete or manual laborer below age 45 years, especially with involvement of the dominant-extremity. The 29 cases were evaluated 20--108 months following surgery. Thirteen additional cases with less than 18 month follow-up have also been good or excellent. Weakness and pain have not been as pronounced following this procedure in vigorous individuals as have been noted after conservative treatment. Few postoperative complications developed, and early return to competitive athletics was possible.
|
['Acromioclavicular Joint', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Clavicle', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tendon Transfer']
| 709,927
|
[['A02.835.583.032'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.087.227'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.555.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Insulin dependence and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy are independent prognostic factors for long-term survival after operation for chronic pancreatitis.
|
BACKGROUND: This retrospective, single-center, observational study on postoperative long-term results aims to define yet unknown factors for long-term outcome after operation for chronic pancreatitis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 147 consecutive patients operated for chronic pancreatitis from 2000 to 2011. Mean follow-up was 5.3 years (range, 1 month to 12.7 years). Complete long-term survival data were provided by the German citizen registration authorities for all patients. A quality-of-life questionnaire was sent to surviving patients after a mean follow-up of 5.7 years.RESULTS: Surgical principles were resection (n = 86; 59%), decompression (n = 29; 20%), and hybrid procedures (n = 32; 21%). No significant influences of different surgical principles and operative procedures on survival, long-term quality of life and pain control could be detected. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.7%, 1-year survival 95.9%, and 3-year survival 90.8%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that only postoperative insulin dependence at the time of hospital discharge (P = .027; Exp(B) = 2.111; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.089-4.090) and the absence of pancreas enzyme replacement therapy at the time of hospital discharge (P = .039; Exp(B) = 2.102; 95% CI, 1.037-4.262) were significant, independent risk factors for survival with significant hazard ratios for long-term survival. Long-term improvement in quality of life was reported by 55 of 76 long-term survivors (73%).CONCLUSION: Pancreatic enzyme replacement should be standard treatment after surgery for chronic pancreatitis at the time of hospital discharge, even when no clinical signs of exocrine pancreatic failure exist. This study underlines the potential importance of early operative intervention in chronic pancreatitis before irreversible endocrine dysfunction is present.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Weight', 'Enzyme Replacement Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatitis, Chronic', 'Prognosis', 'Quality of Life', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 24,287,147
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E02.319.353.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.689.750.830'], ['E01.789'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Should the patella be resurfaced in total knee arthroplasty? Efficacy of patellar resurfacing.
|
To assess the long-term efficacy of patellar resurfacing, 100 knees were evaluated in 84 patients. The operations were performed between 1978 and 1982. The follow-up period ranged from 60 to 103 months. The diagnosis was degenerative joint disease (DJD) in 83%, rheumatoid arthritis in 12%, and miscellaneous in 5% of the knees. The implant (47 knees) and nonimplant (53 knees) groups were comparable with respect to age, body size, and length of follow-up period. The analysis revealed equivocal results. Considering all diagnostic categories combined, rest pain was marginally better in the resurfaced group (p = 0.04), but this difference resulted from an unequal distribution of subjects between mild and zero pain categories. Pain with walking, maximum walking distance, ability to climb stairs and rise from a chair, active arc of motion, extensor lag, and quadriceps strength were similar in the two groups. When the DJD group was considered separately, no significant difference emerged. There was little evidence to support a recommendation for routine patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Patella', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 3,180,564
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.624', 'A02.835.232.730.500'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contribution of DNA conformation and topology in right-handed DNA wrapping by the Bacillus subtilis LrpC protein.
|
The Bacillus subtilis LrpC protein belongs to the Lrp/AsnC family of transcriptional regulators. It binds the upstream region of the lrpC gene and autoregulates its expression. In this study, we have dissected the mechanisms that govern the interaction of LrpC with DNA by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. LrpC is a structure-specific DNA binding protein that forms stable complexes with curved sequences containing phased A tracts and wraps DNA to form spherical, nucleosome-like structures. Formation of such wraps, initiated by cooperative binding of LrpC to DNA, results from optimal protein/protein interactions specified by the DNA conformation. In addition, we have demonstrated that LrpC constrains positive supercoils by wrapping the DNA in a right-handed superhelix, as visualized by electron microscopy.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Protein Binding', 'Transcription Factors']
| 12,458,218
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.260.527', 'D12.776.930.386'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential cytopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus prototypic and clinical isolates in primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease in infants. Airway epithelial cells are the principle targets of RSV infection. However, the mechanisms by which it causes disease are poorly understood. Most RSV pathogenesis data are derived using laboratory-adapted prototypic strains. We hypothesized that such strains may be poorly representative of recent clinical isolates in terms of virus/host interactions in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs).METHODS: To address this hypothesis, we isolated three RSV strains from infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis and compared them with the prototypic RSV A2 in terms of cytopathology, virus growth kinetics and chemokine secretion in infected PBEC monolayers.RESULTS: RSV A2 rapidly obliterated the PBECs, whereas the clinical isolates caused much less cytopathology. Concomitantly, RSV A2 also grew faster and to higher titers in PBECs. Furthermore, dramatically increased secretion of IP-10 and RANTES was evident following A2 infection compared with the clinical isolates.CONCLUSIONS: The prototypic RSV strain A2 is poorly representative of recent clinical isolates in terms of cytopathogenicity, viral growth kinetics and pro-inflammatory responses induced following infection of PBEC monolayers. Thus, the choice of RSV strain may have important implications for future RSV pathogenesis studies.
|
['Bronchiolitis, Viral', 'Chemokines', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections', 'Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human', 'Virulence', 'Virus Replication']
| 21,272,337
|
[['C01.748.099.135.321', 'C01.925.109', 'C08.127.446.135.321', 'C08.381.495.146.135.321', 'C08.730.099.135.321'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.235', 'E05.200.500.384.235', 'E05.242.384.235', 'G06.920.190'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.550.750'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.670.600.750.730'], ['G06.930'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Conversion from a calcineurin inhibitor to everolimus therapy in maintenance liver transplant recipients: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.
|
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) contribute to renal dysfunction following liver transplantation. This prospective, randomized, multicenter, 6-month study (with an additional 6 months of follow-up) evaluated whether everolimus with CNI reduction or discontinuation would improve renal function in maintenance liver transplant recipients experiencing CNI-related renal impairment. Patients started everolimus therapy with CNI reduction or discontinuation (n = 72) or continued receiving standard-exposure CNI (n = 73). At month 6, 80% of the patients who had converted to everolimus had discontinued the CNI. The mean change in creatinine clearance (CrCl) from baseline to month 6 was similar between groups (everolimus, 1.0 +/- 10.2 mL/minute; controls, 2.3 +/- 7.8 mL/minute; P = 0.46), so the primary study endpoint (8 mL/minute difference in the change in CrCl) was not achieved. Among patients who continued everolimus according to the protocol, the mean increase in CrCl was 2.1 (n = 53) and 3.8 mL/minute (n = 38) at months 6 and 12, respectively, versus 2.4 (n = 68) and 3.5 mL/minute in controls (n = 51). The high frequency of CNI dose reductions in controls (77% of the patients) and the relatively long mean time post-transplant (>3 years) likely contributed to the small difference in CrCl. Biopsy-proven acute rejection occurred in 1.4% of the patients in each group, with no graft losses. Study drug discontinuation was higher in everolimus-treated patients, and adverse events were more frequent. These data demonstrate that everolimus allows for discontinuation or a major reduction of CNI exposure in liver allograft recipients suffering CNI-related renal dysfunction without a loss of efficacy. Trials targeting earlier conversion post-transplantation are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of everolimus for improving renal function after liver transplantation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Calcineurin Inhibitors', 'Everolimus', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sirolimus', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,790,150
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D27.505.519.389.174'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C06.552'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint therapies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
|
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) improve survival in a subset of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). To identify genomic alterations in ccRCC that correlate with response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy, we performed whole-exome sequencing of metastatic ccRCC from 35 patients. We found that clinical benefit was associated with loss-of-function mutations in the PBRM1 gene (P = 0.012), which encodes a subunit of the PBAF switch-sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. We confirmed this finding in an independent validation cohort of 63 ccRCC patients treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 (PD-1 ligand) blockade therapy alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4) therapies (P = 0.0071). Gene-expression analysis of PBAF-deficient ccRCC cell lines and PBRM1-deficient tumors revealed altered transcriptional output in JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription), hypoxia, and immune signaling pathways. PBRM1 loss in ccRCC may alter global tumor-cell expression profiles to influence responsiveness to immune checkpoint therapy.
|
['B7-H1 Antigen', 'CTLA-4 Antigen', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'Cohort Studies', 'Exome', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genomics', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Mutation', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Transcription Factors']
| 29,301,960
|
[['D12.776.465.625', 'D12.776.467.150.300', 'D12.776.543.095.300', 'D23.050.301.285.400', 'D23.529.168.300'], ['D12.776.465.782', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.750', 'D23.050.301.264.894.158', 'D23.101.100.894.158'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G05.360.340.011'], ['E05.393.332'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The interpersonal alliance as the principle of psychoanalytic therapy].
|
The classical opinion encountered in psychoanalytic psychotherapy is that the main curative agent is language, i.e. the information proffered by the analysand and the interpretations of the analyst. Over and against this view the author draws attention to the non-verbal structures in the twosome relationship between analysand and therapist. Essential elements of this working alliance, he suggests, operate via non-verbal behaviour. Hence this behaviour needs to be systematically observed and evaluated. His conclusion is that it requires the consideration of non-verbalized fantasies and affects for the therapeutic relationship to develop into a "good relationship".
|
['Affect', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Humans', 'Nonverbal Communication', 'Object Attachment', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychoanalytic Interpretation', 'Psychoanalytic Theory', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders']
| 1,635,995
|
[['F01.470.047'], ['F03.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.530', 'L01.143.649'], ['F02.739.794.624'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.628'], ['F02.739.794'], ['F04.754.709'], ['C23.888.592.700']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation and characterization of lysozyme-sensitive mutants of Staphylococcus aureus.
|
Four lysozyme-sensitive mutants were isolated after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of a lysozyme-insensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus. One mutant was sufficiently effective for the isolation of macromolecules, such as plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids, from a cell after lysozyme-induced cell lysis.
|
['Bacteriolysis', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Muramidase', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 7,440,506
|
[['G06.099.115'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeted Deletion of Vesicular GABA Transporter from Retinal Horizontal Cells Eliminates Feedback Modulation of Photoreceptor Calcium Channels.
|
The cellular mechanisms underlying feedback signaling from horizontal cells to photoreceptors, which are important for the formation of receptive field surrounds of early visual neurons, remain unsettled. Mammalian horizontal cells express a complement of synaptic proteins that are necessary and sufficient for calcium-dependent exocytosis of inhibitory neurotransmitters at their contacts with photoreceptor terminals, suggesting that they are capable of releasing GABA via vesicular release. To test whether horizontal cell vesicular release is involved in feedback signaling, we perturbed inhibitory neurotransmission in these cells by targeted deletion of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), the protein responsible for the uptake of inhibitory transmitter by synaptic vesicles. To manipulate horizontal cells selectively, an iCre mouse line with Cre recombinase expression controlled by connexin57 (Cx57) regulatory elements was generated. In Cx57-iCre mouse retina, only horizontal cells expressed Cre protein, and its expression occurred in all retinal regions. After crossing with a VGAT(flox/flox) mouse line, VGAT was selectively eliminated from horizontal cells, which was confirmed immunohistochemically. Voltage-gated ion channel currents in horizontal cells of Cx57-VGAT(-/-) mice were the same as Cx57-VGAT(+/+) controls, as were the cell responses to the ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist kainate, but the response to the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol in Cx57-VGAT(-/-) mice was larger. In contrast, the feedback inhibition of photoreceptor calcium channels, which in control animals is induced by horizontal cell depolarization, was completely absent in Cx57-VGAT(-/-) mice. The results suggest that vesicular release of GABA from horizontal cells is required for feedback inhibition of photoreceptors.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium Channels', 'Connexins', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Female', 'GABA-A Receptor Agonists', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2', 'Kainic Acid', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Muscimol', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retina', 'Retinal Horizontal Cells', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins', 'Visual Pathways', 'alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid']
| 27,022,629
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D12.776.543.585.250'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['G07.410.732'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.200.500'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100.200.500', 'D12.644.360.360.100.200.500', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100.200.500', 'D12.776.476.375.100.200.500', 'D12.776.543.325.100.200.500'], ['D03.383.773.400'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D03.383.129.462.470', 'D23.946.587.587'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.675.650.850.937', 'A09.371.729.831.937', 'A11.671.650.850.937'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.887.750', 'D12.776.157.530.562.750.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.887.750', 'D12.776.543.585.562.750.750'], ['A08.612.220.860'], ['D03.383.129.385.025']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How preschoolers and adults represent their joint action partner's behavior.
|
We investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying turn-taking joint action in 42-month-old children (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) using a behavioral task of dressing a virtual bear together. We aimed to investigate how participants represent a partners' behavior, i.e., in terms of specific action kinematics or of action effects. The bear was dressed by pressing a smaller and a bigger button. In the Action-response task, instructions asked participants to respond to the partner by pressing the same or opposite button; in the Action-effect task they had to respond to the partner's action effect by dressing the bear with the lacking part of the clothing, which in some cases implied pressing the same button and in other cases implied pressing the opposite button. In 50% of the trials, the partner's association between each button and the ensuing effect (dressing the bear with t-shirt or pants) was reversed, while it never changed for participants. Both children and adults showed no effect of physical congruency of actions, but showed impaired performance in the Action-effect task if their partner achieved her effect through a different action-effect association than their own. These results suggest that, when encoding their partner's actions, agents are influenced by action-effect associations that they learnt through their own experience. While interference led to overt errors in children, it caused longer reaction times in adults, suggesting that a flexible cognitive control (that is still in development in young children) is required to take on the partner's perspective.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Young Adult']
| 29,067,520
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
FTY720 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and overcomes drug resistance.
|
The novel immunomodulator FTY720 down-modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 on lymphocytes at low nanomolar concentrations, thereby inhibiting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1-dependent egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes into efferent lymphatics and blood. At high micromolar concentration, FTY720 has been shown to induce growth inhibition and/or apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of FTY720 on multiple myeloma cells. We found that FTY720 induces potent cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines as well as freshly isolated tumor cells from multiple myeloma patients who do not respond to conventional agents. FTY720 triggers activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, followed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Interestingly, FTY720 induces alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and Bax cleavage, followed by translocation of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo from mitochondria to the cytosol. In combination treatment studies, both dexamethasone and anti-Fas antibodies augment anti-multiple myeloma activity induced by FTY720. Neither interleukin-6 nor insulin-like growth factor-I, which both induce multiple myeloma cell growth and abrogate dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, protect against FTY720-induced growth inhibition. Importantly, growth of multiple myeloma cells adherent to bone marrow stromal cells is also significantly inhibited by FTY720. Finally, it down-regulates interleukin-6-induced phosphorylation of Akt, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase; insulin-like growth factor-I-triggered Akt phosphorylation; and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced IkappaBalpha and nuclear factor-kappaB p65 phosphorylation. These results suggest that FTY720 overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells and provide the rationale for its clinical evaluation to improve patient outcome in multiple myeloma.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Caspases', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Fingolimod Hydrochloride', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Interleukin-6', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mitochondria', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Propylene Glycols', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sphingosine', 'Stromal Cells', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 16,103,102
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D02.033.100.700.350', 'D02.033.455.706.431', 'D02.092.063.700.350'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D02.033.455.706'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['A11.329.830'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intrathoracic and multiple abdominal pheochromocytomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease.
|
A patient had von Hippel-Lindau disease, a functional intrathoracic paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma), bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas, and a para-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Seven other members of the patient's family had features of von Hippel-Lindau disease and one, a cousin, had medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. This is the first report of a pheochromocytoma arising outside the abdomen in von Hippel-Lindau disease and the 25th report of intrathoracic pheochromocytoma in the literature. The association between von Hippel-Lindau disease and pheochromocytoma is reviewed.
|
['Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Angiomatosis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Pedigree', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'von Hippel-Lindau Disease']
| 7,125,783
|
[['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.077'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.651'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725'], ['C04.588.894'], ['C10.562.925', 'C14.907.077.925', 'C16.131.077.245.750', 'C16.320.184.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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