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Characterizing genetic diversity of contemporary pacific chickens using mitochondrial DNA analyses.
|
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region (HVR) sequences of prehistoric Polynesian chicken samples reflect dispersal of two haplogroups--D and E--by the settlers of the Pacific. The distribution of these chicken haplogroups has been used as an indicator of human movement. Recent analyses suggested similarities between prehistoric Pacific and South American chicken samples, perhaps reflecting prehistoric Polynesian introduction of the chicken into South America. These analyses have been heavily debated. The current distribution of the D and E lineages among contemporary chicken populations in the Western Pacific is unclear, but might ultimately help to inform debates about the movements of humans that carried them.OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterize contemporary mtDNA diversity among chickens in two of the earliest settled archipelagos of Remote Oceania, the Marianas and Vanuatu.METHODS: We generated HVR sequences for 43 chickens from four islands in Vanuatu, and for 5 chickens from Guam in the Marianas.RESULTS: Forty samples from Vanuatu and three from Guam were assigned to haplogroup D, supporting this as a Pacific chicken haplogroup that persists in the Western Pacific. Two haplogroup E lineages were observed in Guam and two in Vanuatu. Of the E lineages in Vanuatu, one was identical to prehistoric Vanuatu and Polynesian samples and the other differed by one polymorphism. Contrary to our expectations, we observed few globally distributed domesticate lineages not associated with Pacific chicken dispersal. This might suggest less European introgression of chickens into Vanuatu than expected. If so, the E lineages might represent lineages maintained from ancient Pacific chicken introductions. The Vanuatu sample might thus provide an opportunity to distinguish between maintained ancestral Pacific chicken lineages and replacement by global domesticates through genomic analyses, which could resolve questions of contemporary haplogroup E chicken relationships and inform interpretations of debated sequences from archaeological samples.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Chickens', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Geography', 'Haplotypes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pacific Islands', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 21,326,866
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['H01.277.500'], ['G05.380.360'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['Z01.639.760', 'Z01.678.100.873'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
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[Effects of chaihu shugan powder on the behavior and expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus, amygdala, and the frontal lobe in rat model of depression].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Chaihu Shugan Powder (CHSGP) on the behavior and the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase receptors B (TrkB) in the hippocampus, amygdala, and the frontal lobe of depression model rats.METHODS: Sixty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i. e., the normal control group (NC), the model control group (MC), the CHSGP group, the disassembly 1 group (CI), the disassembly 2 group (CII), and the Fluoxetine control group (FC), 10 in each group. Except those in the NC, the rest rats were singly housed and exposed on an unpredicted sequence of mild stressor. From the fifteenth day, all rats were administered with equal volume of normal saline (to the NC group and the MC group) and of corresponding medicinal liquid (5.9 g/kg to the CHSGP group, 3.3 g/kg to the CI group, 2.6 g/kg to the CII group, and 1.8 mg/kg to the FC group) by gastrogavage for 2 successive weeks. The rats' body weight, sucrose consumption volume in the sucrose preference test, and times of grooming in the open field test were detected on the 0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th day, respectively. The mRNA expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus, amygdala, and the frontal lobe were detected by immunohistochemical assay and Real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR.RESULTS: Compared with the NC group, the rats' body weight was put up slowly in the MC group. The scores in the open field test decreased. The times of grooming and sucrose consumption volume were both reduced. The time of staying in central square was postponed. The mRNA expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus, amygdala, and the frontal lobe decreased with statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the MC group, the behavior indices of rats in the CHSGP, CI, CII, and FC groups were significantly improved. The mRNA expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus, amygdala, and the frontal lobe were obviously enhanced with statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: CHSGP could obviously improve the depressive state of the model rats. Its mechanism might be correlated with increasing the mRNA expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus, amygdala, and the frontal lobe.
|
['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Depression', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, trkB']
| 22,097,208
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.700', 'D12.776.543.750.630.498', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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| 0
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Effects of allogeneic blood transfusion in patients with stage II colon cancer.
|
The aim of the present study was to determine whether allogeneic red blood cell transfusions showed a deleterious effect and what might be preoperative risk factors for blood transfusion in patients with TNM stage II colon cancer. Total 470 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected for a further 10-year follow-up study. We found that there were statistical significance between non-transfused and transfused group in mortality (P=0.018), local recurrence (P=0.000) and distant metastasis (P=0.040). Local recurrence and distant metastasis between 1 to 3 units and more than 3 units group did not show any significant differences. There was no difference in survival rate between non-transfused and 1 to 3 units group (log rank =0.031, P=0.860). The difference between different blood transfusion volume in transfused patients was found (78.77% vs 63.83%, P=0.006). Meanwhile, the significant difference of survival rate was existed between non-transfused group and more than 3 units group (84.83% vs 63.83%, P=0.002 ). Univariate analysis showed the following 3 variables to be associated with an increased risk of allogeneic blood transfusions: preoperative CEA level (P<0.05), location of tumor (P<0.01) and diameter of tumor (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that location of tumor and diameter of tumor are two independent factors for requirement of perioperative transfusions. Therefore, allogeneic transfusion increase the postoperative tumor mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis in patients with stage II colon cancer. The postoperative tumor mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis were not associated with the blood transfusion volume. The blood transfusion volume was associated with the survival rate. Location of tumor and diameter of tumor were the independent preoperative risk factors for blood transfusion.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Preoperative Care', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 23,534,751
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Insulin stimulates collagen synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells from elderly patients.
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The process of aging results in an increase in collagen in arterial walls, but the blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) decrease remarkably as adults age. There is an almost simultaneous increase in insulin secretion, particularly in obese individuals. It is not known if, under these hormonal conditions, the enrichment of collagen in the arterial wall is due to insulin. We studied the effect of insulin on the production of collagen in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from elderly persons with high levels of insulin secretion after blocking the insulin receptors with a monoclonal antibody. Results were compared to those without insulin receptor blockage and to those with IGF-1. Despite the inhibition of 14C-glucose uptake, insulin clearly stimulated the release of procollagen III, and increased the collagen synthesis. The hydroxyproline labelling rate from 3H-proline increased to more than twice the control values. IGF-1 is a more potent effector than insulin, but the effect of insulin on the rate of collagen production became similar to IGF-1 when the specific receptors were blocked. The results indicate that under special conditions that occur with aging, insulin interacts with nonspecific receptors in VSMC, especially IGF-1, stimulating these cells to produce collagen.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Insulin', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Procollagen', 'Receptor, Insulin']
| 9,592,685
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.478'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['G02.640'], ['D12.776.811.690', 'D12.776.860.300.250.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Aberrant expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and HER-2 (erbB-2) messenger RNAs in human renal cancers.
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Amplification, rearrangement, or overexpression of the gene for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs in certain types of human neoplasia. We investigated EGFR gene structure and measured EGFR mRNA levels in human renal tumor biopsies. Seventeen renal tumors [13 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), two Wilms' tumors, one oncocytoma, and one metastatic ganglioneuroblastoma] and their corresponding normal kidney tissues were examined for EGFR gene structural integrity by Southern blot hybridization. Twelve of these tumors (including 11 RCCs) were examined for EGFR mRNA expression levels by RNA blot hybridization. The EGFR gene was rearranged in one of 13 (8%) of the RCC specimens examined and was highly amplified in the ganglioneuroblastoma. The overall frequency of EGFR gene structure alterations in this series of renal tumors was 12%. Nine of 11 RCC specimens (82%) exhibited markedly elevated EGFR mRNA levels (approximately 2- to 6-fold). In contrast, expression of the EGFR-related protooncogene HER-2 (erbB-2) was found to be decreased in 11 RCCs and one Wilms' tumor; HER-2 gene structure, however, appeared normal in all specimens. These results indicate that overexpression of EGFR mRNA, probably due to changes in gene regulation, and underexpression of HER-2 mRNA are characteristic features of human RCC.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Chick Embryo', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogenes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Reference Values', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 2,572,319
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Two independent intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a case report.
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Two independent intracranial arteriovenous malformations occurring to a single patient is rarely seen. A 23-year-old female suffered from a sudden onset weakness of the left side extremities and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. A cranial CT revealed an intracranial hemorrhage in the right posterior temporal region and a highly enhanced mass in the left frontal lobe. On MR images, combination of subacute hematoma and serpentine vascular shadows in the right temporal area as well as clusters of vessels in the left frontal lobe were seen. Cerebral angiography confirmed one AVM in the right posterior temporal and the other the left frontal cortex.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 8,133,549
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.520', 'C10.500.190.500', 'C14.240.850.750.295', 'C14.240.850.875.500', 'C14.907.150.295', 'C14.907.253.560.400', 'C16.131.240.850.750.295', 'C16.131.240.850.875.500', 'C16.131.666.190.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sulfuric acid aerosol induces changes in alveolar surface tension in the guinea pig but not in the rat.
|
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an acid aerosol, at high concentration, on the surface properties of the extracellular fluid lining the airways and alveolae. Guinea pigs and rats were exposed to 43 mg/m3 and 94 mg/m3 of sulfuric acid aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) 0.9 micron or water aerosol (control), respectively, for 4 hours in an exposure chamber. Surfactant material was extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) by centrifugation, and phospholipid, protein, and cell concentrations measured. The extract was reconstituted to 300 micrograms/mL of phospholipid, and its surface properties assessed with a captive bubble surfactometer. The minimum surface tension for the acid-exposed guinea pig BAL was 12.1 +/- 8.48 (mean +/- SD) mN/m, which was significantly higher than the control group, 2.0 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SD) or the acid-exposed rats, 1.29 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD). The change in film area obtained by compressing the film from equilibrium surface tension (25 mN/m) to its minimum value (gamma min) was 62.9 +/- 13.83 (mean +/- SD)% for acid-exposed guinea pigs, compared to 16.3 +/- 5.77 (mean +/- SD)% for the control guinea pigs. The most sensitive index of surfactant inhibition was found to be the maximum film compressibility (Cmax) of the compression isotherm. This index was 119 times greater for the acid-exposed guinea pigs compared to control animals. These abnormalities were associated with an elevation of total protein (0.95 +/- 0.33 [mean +/- SD] mg/mL compared to 0.13 +/- 0.03 [mean +/- SD] mg/mL in controls) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the BAL. There was no change in total phospholipids. By contrast BAL retrieved from rats exposed to approximately twice the concentration of acid aerosol showed no cellular nor biochemical abnormalities and its surface tension properties were normal. We conclude that the abnormalities of surfactant activity in the acid-exposed guinea pigs result from the cellular and humoral responses of acute lung injury rather than a direct effect of acid.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Aerosols', 'Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Pulmonary Surfactants', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Species Specificity', 'Sulfuric Acids', 'Surface Tension']
| 10,352,953
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D27.505.954.796.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['G16.824'], ['D01.029.260.877.800', 'D01.875.800.800', 'D02.886.645.655'], ['G02.860.816']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Craniectomy Effects on Resting State Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Performance in Immature Rats.
|
Experimental models have been proven to be valuable tools to understand downstream cellular mechanisms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The models allow for reduction of confounding variables and tighter control of varying parameters. It has been recently reported that craniectomy induces pro-inflammatory responses, which therefore needs to be properly addressed given the fact that craniectomy is often considered a control procedure for experimental TBI models. The current study aims to determine whether a craniectomy induces alterations in Resting State Network (RSN) in a developmental rodent model. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data-driven RSN show clusters of peak differences (left caudate putamen, somatosensory cortex, amygdala and piriform cortex) between craniectomy and control group, four days post-craniectomy. In addition, the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) task revealed impaired working memory in the craniectomy group. This evidence supports craniectomy-induced neurological changes which need to be carefully addressed, considering the frequent use of craniectomy as a control procedure for experimental models of TBI.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Injuries, Traumatic', 'Cognition', 'Craniotomy', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 30,441,561
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.199.444', 'C10.900.300.087.235', 'C26.915.300.200.194'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E04.525.190'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of new and old apple varieties.
|
There is considerable evidence to show that a greater intake of apple contributes to improved health by reducing the risk of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer. Apple fruit is a major source of phenol compounds, because its consumption is widespread in many countries and it is available on the market for the whole year. The phenolic composition of 67 varieties of apple cultivars (new and old varieties) was examined for the concentration of some important phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. For the first time, we have looked at the correlation and compared polyphenolic coumpounds in Golden Delicious variety and new varieties grown from it. Up to 18 compounds, including catechin, procyanidin, hydroxycinnamates, flavonols, anthocyanins, and dihydrochalcones, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection analysis of crude extracts and after thiolysis and LC-MS. The mean content of total polyphenols lay between 523.02 and 2723.96 mg/100 g dw and depending upon the apples variety. Flavanols (catechin and oligomeric procyanidins) are the major class of apple polyphenols, representing more than 80%, followed by hydroxycinnamic acids (1-31%), flavonols (2-10%), dihydrochalcones (0.5-5%), and in red apples, anthocyanins (1%). In this study, the best correlation was found for the total polyphenols and ABTS method, with a lower correlation for FRAP and DPPH methods ( r = 0.871, 0.839, and 0.804, respectively). The presented data clearly demonstrated that new varieties, i.e., Ozark Gold, Julyred, and Jester, of apple had the same or higher value of bioactive compounds in comparison to the old varieties, i.e., Golden Delicious, Idared, and Jonagold.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Flavonoids', 'Fruit', 'Malus', 'Phenols', 'Polyphenols', 'Species Specificity']
| 18,611,028
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.444'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The rehabilitation of patients following the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease at a low-altitude health resort].
|
We developed well grounded differentiated methods of rehabilitation treatment in low mountains for patients after surgery for ischemic heart disease. Evaluation of the results was carried out with due account for variety of clinical course of the disease, condition of coronary and myocardial reserves of the heart and concomitant diseases. 475 males aged 22-65 years who underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery for CAD were examined. As a result of spa treatment significant improvement of general patients condition was observed in 22.7% and condition improved in some way--in 70.2; no change of general condition was detected in 6.7% patients. It is established that condition of contractile activity of the myocardium of left ventricle is of much importance for effectiveness of the spa treatment stage of rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients. Differentiated methods of the usage of terrain cure in the complex of sanatoria and health resort treatment are developed and introduced into practice. Severity of the principal disease, extended scar formations in the myocardium and concomitant diseases are the reasons influencing low effectiveness of the treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Contraindications', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Health Resorts', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Postoperative Care', 'Russia']
| 9,680,814
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.208'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['N02.278.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Thermodynamic basis for the genome to capsid charge relationship in viral encapsidation.
|
We establish an appropriate thermodynamic framework for determining the optimal genome length in electrostatically driven viral encapsidation. Importantly, our analysis includes the electrostatic potential due to the Donnan equilibrium, which arises from the semipermeable nature of the viral capsid, i.e., permeable to small mobile ions but impermeable to charged macromolecules. Because most macromolecules in the cellular milieu are negatively charged, the Donnan potential provides an additional driving force for genome encapsidation. In contrast to previous theoretical studies, we find that the optimal genome length is the result of combined effects from the electrostatic interactions of all charged species, the excluded volume and, to a very significant degree, the Donnan potential. In particular, the Donnan potential is essential for obtaining negatively overcharged viruses. The prevalence of overcharged viruses in nature may suggest an evolutionary preference for viruses to increase the amount of genome packaged by utilizing the Donnan potential (through increases in the capsid radius), rather than high charges on the capsid, so that structural stability of the capsid is maintained.
|
['Biophysical Phenomena', 'Capsid', 'Genome, Viral', 'Models, Biological', 'RNA, Viral', 'Static Electricity', 'Thermodynamics', 'Virus Assembly']
| 21,969,546
|
[['G01.154'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G01.906'], ['G06.920.925.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In Vitro Measurement of H2
|
Isolated tissue chamber bath system and wire myograph were developed for "in vitro" investigation of vasoactive responses on isolated arteries from a variety of animal species and vascular beds. The chapter characterizes the main principles of mechanical measurement of the changes in isometric tension of vascular smooth muscles in isolated rat thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric artery and describes several protocols on how to investigate vasoactive properties of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the point of view of its mutual interaction with NO. Several methodological advances, results, and their interpretations in the context of the general knowledge are described. In the protocols the approach on how to study the vasoactive modulatory as well as direct action of H2S and mutual interaction of H2S with nitroso compounds, lipids, and endogenously produced NO is described.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Hydrogen Sulfide', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vasodilation']
| 31,148,108
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D01.029.260.340', 'D01.362.350', 'D01.875.350'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Parental Schoolwork Support Measure-Youth: development and psychometric evaluation.
|
Parental involvement in school-related tasks is associated with a number of positive outcomes across ethnic groups. However, a growing literature suggests that unique forms of involvement and barriers exist among linguistic minority Latino families. The Parental Schoolwork Support Measure-Youth (PSSM-Y) is introduced in this study along with the psychometric properties found with a sample of 133 Latino youth in Grades 5 through 7 from a public school in a low-income urban neighborhood. Exploratory factor analyses indicated the presence of three factors called direct support, language and support, and indirect support, which together accounted for 66.3% of the common variance in the 16-item version. Strong internal consistency and test-retest coefficients were found for the PSSM-Y in this sample. In addition, schoolwork support was correlated with youth depression, economic pressure, loneliness, and familism in the expected directions. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential utility of this measure for future school-based studies of Latino students and youth of immigrant backgrounds in the United States.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parents', 'Poverty Areas', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Schools', 'Social Support', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Urban Population']
| 22,686,144
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['I01.880.853.996.535.550', 'N01.824.600.550'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Is the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system a reliable prognostic factor in gastric cancer?
|
AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical and prognostic impact of immunohistochemically assessed uPA and PAI-1 in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS: This prospective study analyzed specimens obtained from 105 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. The immunohistochemical expression of uPA and PAI-1 was studied semiquantitatively in the tumor epithelium and was correlated with the clinicopathological features of each patient.RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed no statistically significant association of uPA levels with pT and pN category (p=0.655 and 0.053, respectively), grading (p=0.374), depth of tumor invasion (p=0.665), UICC classification (p=0.21) and the Laur?n classification (p=0.578). PAI-1 expression showed no statistically significant correlation with pT, pN and M category (p=0.589, 0.414, and 0.167, respectively), grading (p=0.273), and the Laur?n classification (p=0.368). Only the UICC classification was significantly correlated with PAI-1 (p=0.016). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant association of uPA and PAI-1 with overall survival (p=0.0929 and 0.0870, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Our results could not verify any prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 levels in patients with gastric carcinoma. Therefore, the uPA-system as a biologically defined prognostic marker to identify high-risk gastric cancers should be applied with caution. However, considering the number of patients involved and the borderline level of significance observed in this study, a larger number of events may have resulted in significant differences.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 17,013,798
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.861.695.500', 'D12.776.124.125.640', 'D12.776.872.695.500', 'D23.119.832.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
LSD1 binds to HPV16 E7 and promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer by demethylating histones at the Vimentin promoter.
|
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which speci?cally demethylates histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 9 (H3K9), is dysregulated in several cancers. We found that ectopic expression of LSD1 in cervical cancer cells promoted invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, reduced the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and induced the expression of the mesenchymal marker, Vimentin. By contrast, LSD1 knockdown had the opposite effect and attenuated the HPV16 E7-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We proposed a novel mechanism, whereby LSD1 is recruited to the Vimentin promoter and demethylates H3K4me1 and H3K4me2. Notably, HPV16 E7 enhanced the expression of LSD1, formed a complex with LSD1, and suppressed LSD1 demethylase activity by hindering the recruitment of LSD1 to the Vimentin promoter. Thus, LSD1 is a primary and positive regulator of the HPV16 E7-induced EMT and an attractive therapeutic target for alleviating HPV16 E7-induced EMT and tumor metastasis.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Heterografts', 'Histone Demethylases', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Papillomavirus E7 Proteins', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vimentin']
| 27,894,088
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G04.356.500'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['A01.941.875'], ['D08.811.682.662.582.475'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.420'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Localization properties of multi-sensor biomagnetic systems.
|
The recent development of large multi-channel biomagnetic systems, with 20-30 adjacent magnetic sensors, is marking a significant progress in the detection and interpretation of biomagnetic signals, and definitely traces a new avenue towards a proper assessment of the technique in the clinical field. Several technological problems are being solved, mainly concerning the reliability of the SQUIDs and of the superconducting assembly, as well as the criogenic dewar. Also the choice of the geometry for the gradiometers to be coupled to the SQUIDs has a fundamental importance, not only from a technological point of view, but also in that it affects the localization properties of the system. The major attractions and drawbacks of both vertical and planar configurations will be briefly reviewed and few practical suggestions to overcome some of the difficulties will be proposed.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Bioelectric Energy Sources', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electromagnetic Phenomena', 'Epilepsies, Partial', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Noise', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Technology, Radiologic', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 1,814,154
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['E07.305.124.150'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['G01.358.500'], ['C10.228.140.490.360'], ['C10.228.140.490.360.290', 'C10.228.140.490.493.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['E05.920', 'H02.010.850', 'J01.897.891'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Association between the Density of Physicians and Suicide Rates in Japan: Nationwide Ecological Study Using a Spatial Bayesian Model.
|
BACKGROUND: Regional disparity in suicide rates is a serious problem worldwide. One possible cause is unequal distribution of the health workforce, especially psychiatrists. Research about the association between regional physician numbers and suicide rates is therefore important but studies are rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between physician numbers and suicide rates in Japan, by municipality.METHODS: The study included all the municipalities in Japan (n = 1,896). We estimated smoothed standardized mortality ratios of suicide rates for each municipality and evaluated the association between health workforce and suicide rates using a hierarchical Bayesian model accounting for spatially correlated random effects, a conditional autoregressive model. We assumed a Poisson distribution for the observed number of suicides and set the expected number of suicides as the offset variable. The explanatory variables were numbers of physicians, a binary variable for the presence of psychiatrists, and social covariates.RESULTS: After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, suicide rates in municipalities that had at least one psychiatrist were lower than those in the other municipalities. There was, however, a positive and statistically significant association between the number of physicians and suicide rates.CONCLUSIONS: Suicide rates in municipalities that had at least one psychiatrist were lower than those in other municipalities, but the number of physicians was positively and significantly related with suicide rates. To improve the regional disparity in suicide rates, the government should encourage psychiatrists to participate in community-based suicide prevention programs and to settle in municipalities that currently have no psychiatrists. The government and other stakeholders should also construct better networks between psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists to support sharing of information for suicide prevention.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Physicians', 'Suicide']
| 26,840,389
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neither L-NAME nor L-arginine changes extracellular glutamate elevation and anoxic depolarization during global ischemia and reperfusion in rat.
|
Both the rise in extracellular glutamate concentration and anoxic depolarization in the rat striatum during 15 min of global ischemia and reperfusion were monitored using glutamate biosensor and direct current potential electrodes, respectively. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was simultaneously monitored with a glutamate biosensor or a direct current potential electrode. Before the onset of ischemia, treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) decreased CBF, while L-arginine increased CBF. However, neither L-NAME nor L-arginine significantly changed CBF during ischemia and reperfusion compared with vehicle-treated animals. The time-course and extracellular glutamate concentration increase during ischemia and reperfusion among L-NAME-, L-arginine- and vehicle-treated animals were very similar. These results were strengthened by the time-course and amplitude of anoxic depolarization. The study suggests that NO is not an important mediator of glutamate release during ischemia and reperfusion.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Electrophysiology', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Extracellular Space', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Hypoxia', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury']
| 10,203,328
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Varus and pseudoarthrosis of the upper end of the femur due to malformation].
|
Congenital coxa vara with severe angulation is a difficult lesion to treat and of uncertain outcome. Many valgus osteotomies have resulted in failure because of inadequate correction or recurrence of deformity. The 27 cases described confirm this view. Out of 18 cases whose results are known, only four were good, compared with six fair and eight bad results. The causes of these failures arise from technical difficulties in the operative procedures, their inadequacy, significant muscle tension and malformation of the growth plates. An effective and lasting valgus is only possible if the internal fixation is well applied in the femoral neck, with a pin inserted into its axis. A moderate shortening avoids excessive tension in the region of the joint.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Hip Dislocation, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Osteotomy', 'Pseudarthrosis', 'Radiography']
| 3,381,003
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['C05.660.297.500', 'C16.131.621.297.500', 'C16.131.621.449'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E04.555.580'], ['C26.404.468.627'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Histological dating of subdural hematoma in infants.
|
BACKGROUND: After infant deaths due to non-accidental head injury (NAHI) with subdural hematoma (SDH), the magistrates ask experts to date the traumatic event. To do so, the expert only has tools based on adult series of NAHI. We aimed to develop an SDH dating system applicable to infants aged under 3 years.METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied a retrospective multicenter collection of 235 infants who died between the ages of 0 and 36 months, diagnosed with SDH by forensic pathological examination and with known posttraumatic interval (PTI). Two pathologists assessed blindly and independently 12 histomorphological criteria relating to the clot and 14 relating to the dura mater in 73 victims (31 girls, 42 boys) whose median age was 3.8 months. Histopathological changes were significantly correlated with PTI for the appearance of red blood cells (RBCs) and the presence or absence of siderophages, and regarding the dura mater, the quantity of lymphocytes, macrophages, and siderophages; presence or absence of hematoidin deposits; collagen and fibroblast formation; neomembrane thickness; and presence or absence of neovascularization. Dating systems for SDH in adults are not applicable to infants. Notably, neomembrane of organized connective tissue is formed earlier in infants than in adults.CONCLUSION: Our dating system improves the precision and reliability of forensic pathological expert examination of NAHI, particularly for age estimation of SDH in infants. However, the expert can only define a time interval. Histopathology is indispensable to detect repetitive trauma.
|
['Bilirubin', 'Child, Preschool', 'Collagen', 'Dura Mater', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Fibrin', 'Fibroblasts', 'Forensic Pathology', 'Hematoma, Subdural', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intracranial Thrombosis', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Postmortem Changes', 'Reticulin', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 30,554,266
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A08.186.566.395'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['A11.329.228'], ['H02.403.330.300', 'H02.403.650.249', 'I01.198.780.937.460'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400', 'C10.900.300.837.600', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450', 'C23.550.414.838.700', 'C23.550.414.913.700', 'C26.915.300.490.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425', 'C14.907.253.566.350', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['D05.750.078.850', 'D12.776.860.823'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quercetin decreases inflammatory response and increases insulin action in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and in L6 myotubes.
|
Quercetin is a potent anti-inflammatory flavonoid, but its capacity to modulate insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant conditions is unknown. This study investigated the effect of quercetin treatment upon insulin sensitivity of ob/ob mice and its potential molecular mechanisms. Obese ob/ob mice were treated with quercetin for 10 weeks, and L6 myotubes were treated with either palmitate or tumor necrosis factor-á (TNFá) plus quercetin. Cells and muscles were processed for analysis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), TNFá and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) kinase (IêK) phosphorylation. Myotubes were assayed for glucose uptake and NF-êB translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assessed NF-êB binding to GLUT4 promoter. Quercetin treatment improved whole body insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 expression and decreasing JNK phosphorylation, and TNFá and iNOS expression in skeletal muscle. Quercetin suppressed palmitate-induced upregulation of TNFá and iNOS and restored normal levels of GLUT4 in myotubes. In parallel, quercetin suppressed TNFá-induced reduction of glucose uptake in myotubes. Nuclear accumulation of NF-êB in myotubes and binding of NF-êB to GLUT4 promoter in muscles of ob/ob mice were also reduced by quercetin. We demonstrated that quercetin decreased the inflammatory status in skeletal muscle of obese mice and in L6 myotubes. This effect was followed by increased muscle GLUT4, with parallel improvement of insulin sensitivity. These results point out quercetin as a putative strategy to manage inflammatory-related insulin resistance.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Down-Regulation', 'Inflammation', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Obese', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Quercetin', 'Up-Regulation']
| 22,713,545
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D23.469'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.530'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantified electroencephalographic changes in depressed patients with and without dementia.
|
We carried out quantified electroencephalograms (qEEG) in 17 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), who also met the DSM-III-R criteria for either dysthymia or major depression, and 18 AD patients with comparable intellectual impairment but no depression, 13 patients with depression but no AD, and 10 age-matched normal controls. There was a significant effect for depression in alpha relative power: depressed patients (with or without AD) showed a significantly lower alpha relative power in the right posterior region as compared to nondepressed patients; however, this change was observed over the right hemisphere in depressed non-AD patients, and in left, medial, and right posterior regions in depressed-AD patients. Depressed patients without AD showed a significant global decrease in delta power, whereas depressed patients with AD showed significant increments in delta power in posterior brain areas. In conclusion, AD patients with depression showed qEEG changes that were significantly different from qEEG changes in depressed non-AD patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alpha Rhythm', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Delta Rhythm', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Theta Rhythm']
| 8,555,379
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.374', 'E01.370.405.245.287.374', 'G07.265.087.500', 'G11.561.127.500'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.875', 'E01.370.405.245.287.875', 'G07.265.087.875', 'G11.561.127.875'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.937', 'E01.370.405.245.287.937', 'G07.265.087.937', 'G11.561.127.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contribution of systemic factors in the pathophysiology of repeated blast-induced neurotrauma.
|
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury is complex and involves multiple factors including systemic pathophysiological factors in addition to direct brain injuries. We hypothesize that systemic activation of platelets/leukocytes plays a major role in the development and exacerbation of brain injury after blast exposure. A mouse model of repeated blast exposure that results in significant neuropathology, neurobehavioral changes and regional specific alterations in various biomolecules in the brain was used for the proposed study. Activation of platelets was evaluated by flow cytometry and serotonin content was analyzed by ELISA. Expression of myeloperoxidase was analyzed by Western blotting. Histopathology of the brain was used to assess blast-induced cerebral vasoconstriction. The data showed an increase in the activation of platelets at 4h after repeated blast exposures, indicating changes in platelet phenotype in blast neurotrauma. Platelet serotonin concentration showed a significant decrease at 4h after blast with a concurrent increase in the plasma serotonin levels, confirming the early onset of platelet activation after repeated blast exposures. Blood, plasma and brain myeloperoxidase enzyme activity and expression was increased in repeated blast exposed mice at multiple time points. Histopathological analysis of the brains of blast exposed mice showed constriction of blood vessels compared to the respective controls, a phenomenon similar to the reported cerebral vasoconstriction in blast affected victims. These results suggest that repeated blast exposure leads to acute activation of platelets/leukocytes which can augment the pathological effects of brain injury. Platelet/leukocyte targeted therapies can be evaluated as potential acute treatment strategies to mitigate blast-induced neurotrauma.
|
['Animals', 'Blast Injuries', 'Blood Platelets', 'Brain', 'Brain Injuries', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neutrophils', 'Peroxidase', 'Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex', 'Serotonin', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 23,370,286
|
[['B01.050'], ['C26.120.126'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.700', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.784'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The predictive value of thyroid "test profile" in habitual abortion.
|
A characteristic thyroid test profile is observed in pregnancy; it consists of an elevated serum thyroxine (T4I), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and electrophoretic index (EI) with lowered triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3U), the free thyroxine index (FTI) remaining in the normal range. An investigation was made of progressive changes in these parameters in 70 normal pregnant women, 34 pregnant women with a past history of habitual abortion who carried to term, seven habitual aborters who miscarried again, and 49 women at the time of spontaneous miscarriage. The results indicated that normal women reached a typical pregnancy thyroid test profile at seven to eight weeks' gestation while habitual aborters carrying a pregnancy to term reached it at 14 to 15 weeks and almost all patients who miscarried never reached it at all. In addition, four women who had aborted previously and were treated with thyroxine throughout six pregnancies, developed a normal "thyroid profile" and carried their pregnancy to term. The significance of the "predictive value" of the test profile is discussed.
|
['Abortion, Habitual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Thyroid Function Tests', 'Thyroxine', 'Thyroxine-Binding Proteins', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 810,157
|
[['C13.703.039.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['E01.370.374.750'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D12.776.124.885', 'D12.776.157.785', 'D12.776.395.832'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of NF-kappaB is a novel target of KRAS-induced endometrial carcinogenesis.
|
PURPOSE: Although the KRAS mutation is one of critical genetic alterations in endometrial carcinogenesis, the downstream targets are not known.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this study, we investigated the molecular targets of KRAS signals, using tumorigenic cells with oncogenic KRAS mutation established from telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-immortalized endometrial epithelial cells.RESULTS: We first confirmed that the RAF-ERK pathway, but not the PI3K-Akt pathway, was activated in KRAS tumorigenic cells. However, the introduction of constitutively active MAP/ERK kinase into immortalized cells to mimic RAF-ERK activation failed to obtain tumorigenic phenotypes, indicating the existence of other carcinogenic pathways triggered by KRAS. Recent evidence suggestive of linkage with KRAS signals prompted us to examine the involvement of NF-êB in endometrial carcinogenesis. We found that the DNA-binding activity of NF-êB was markedly elevated in KRAS tumorigenic cells compared with TERT-immortalized cells. Furthermore, the ability of NF-êB to activate the target gene promoters significantly increased in KRAS tumorigenic cells. Introduction of a mutant IêB that is resistant to degradation and thereby enhances the inhibitory effect on NF-êB largely abrogated the transformed phenotypes of KRAS tumorigenic cells. Thus, oncogenic KRAS signals contributed to the tumorigenic phenotypes of endometrial cells by activating the transcription function of NF-êB.CONCLUSIONS: These findings clearly show that NF-êB activation is a novel target of oncogenic KRAS in endometrial carcinogenesis, implying the potential utility of NF-êB inhibitors for endometrial cancer chemoprevention, especially with KRAS mutation.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, ras', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Mutation', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Telomerase']
| 21,411,444
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E05.624'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for a dose-dependent effect of pulsed magnetic fields on pain processing.
|
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the dose-response relationship (sham, 100, 200, 1000 microT) between a pulsed extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) and acute thermal pain on the dominant right hand. Forty-seven participants were recruited, and pulsed ELFMF was applied through the MRI gradient system using a novel technique. Regions of interest (ROIs) matching those of previous studies were examined for a potential dose response. Significant correlations between applied field strength and change in BOLD activity were found in the anterior cingulate and the ipsilateral insula, indicating that there might be either a dose response or a threshold effect of the ELFMF.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pain', 'Pain Perception', 'Temperature', 'Young Adult']
| 20,643,187
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['F02.463.593.504'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cbfa1/Runx2 gene expression in articular chondrocytes of the mice temporomandibular and knee joints in vivo.
|
Healthy articular cartilage is thought to be maintained by the modulation of Cbfa1 expression, although little is currently known about Cbfa1 expression in such tissues. Therefore, we examined in vivo Cbfa1 transcript levels in the temporomandibular (TM) and knee joints of 3- and 10-week-old male ICR mice (weighing 50-70 g). A digoxigenin-11-UTP-labeled single-stranded RNA probe (0.6 kbp PstI-HindIII fragment of the 3' of untranslated region in exon 8 of mouse Cbfa1 cDNA) was prepared and in situ hybridization was performed on paraffin-embedded TM and knee joint sections. The antisense probe detected Cbfa1 transcripts in prehypertrophic chondrocytes, but not in the articular surface layer chondrocytes of 3- and 10-week-old mice TMJs. Despite the intense Cbfa1 expression in prehypertrophic chondrocytes, articular surface layer chondrocytes of the knee joints expressed low and undetectable level of Cbfa1 in the 3- and 10-week-old mice, respectively. These results indicate that Cbfa1 are highly expressed in the prehypertrophic chondrocytes presumably for articular tissue remodeling during the entire lifespan of the mouse, whereas Cbfa1 expression is suppressed in the articular surface chondrocytes in the adult mouse TM and knee joints to obtain the permanent cartilage phenotype.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chondrocytes', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit', 'Gene Expression', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Temporomandibular Joint', 'Transcription Factors']
| 12,798,155
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['A11.329.171'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.100'], ['G05.297'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D12.776.624'], ['A02.835.583.861', 'A14.907'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characteristic expression of rice pathogenesis-related proteins in rice leaves during interactions with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
|
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins play an important role in the disease resistance response. To better understand the function of rice PR proteins, we examined the expressions of ten PR proteins in rice leaves at different developmental stages with or without the interaction between rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The results showed that most of the PR proteins were expressed in rice leaves in normal growth conditions, suggesting that they play a role in rice growth. Six out of ten PR proteins (PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4b, PR8, and PR-pha) showed enhanced expression in Xa21-mediated resistance responses at late stages after inoculation with Xoo. The remaining four PR proteins (PR5, PR6, PR15, and PR16) did not show changes in expression in the resistance response. The expressions of PR proteins in the resistance reaction were further compared with those in the susceptible reaction and a mock treatment. Interestingly, several of the PR proteins were expressed at the highest levels in the susceptible reaction and at the lowest levels in the mock treatment. Among the other four PR proteins, PR5 and PR16 showed changes in the abundance only in the susceptible response, while PR6 and PR15 showed no detectable difference in expression. These data provide fundamental knowledge about the expression of PR proteins in the interaction between rice and Xoo.
|
['Disease Resistance', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Oryza', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Xanthomonas']
| 22,187,088
|
[['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B03.440.400.425.967.930', 'B03.660.250.915.930']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antimalarial effect of cyclosporin-A on murine P. berghei and human P. falciparum.
|
The effects of Cyclosporin-A (CsA) on the growth of Plasmodia were investigated in an experimental murine model in vivo and on human malaria in vitro. Mice were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei and then treated with different doses of CsA at the patent period. The development and course of this normally lethal parasitaemia in mice was affected by treatment with CsA which is a known immunosuppressant. The drug showed complete protection at a dose of 20 mg/kg wt/day without any recrudescence. Antibody level was at the detection limit after first bout of drug-cured infection. CsA was found to be an inhibitor of P. falciparum growth in a dose dependent fashion, as the concentrations of drug in culture medium increased, a significant reduction in parasitaemia was observed.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Cyclosporine', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Plasmodium berghei', 'Plasmodium falciparum']
| 1,915,980
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.461'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Complementarity between medical geneticists and genetic counsellors: its added value in genetic services in Europe.
|
Clinical genetic services have progressed significantly the last few decades. This has led to the need for non-medical health-care professionals working as genetic counsellors in Europe and worldwide. However, there is no unified approach to genetic counsellors' role in health-care services in Europe, as in most countries the profession is still emerging and the educational backgrounds diverge noticeably, within and between countries. This qualitative study aims to describe the potential added value of genetic counsellors in clinical genetics teams and to explore their tasks and responsibilities in different European countries. A total of 143 participants providing genetic counselling in Europe at the time of the survey responded. The results show differences in activities of genetic counsellors, although there is a wide range of roles, which are similar. The ability to establish a quality relationship with consultands was frequently mentioned as one of the strengths of genetic counsellors, as well as a patient-centred approach. It is believed that genetic counsellors add a more holistic approach of psychosocial and familial dimensions of genetic concerns to the multidisciplinary teams. This study provides examples of successful integration of genetic counsellors in teams, as complementariness with medical geneticist became clear in several cases. Although the added value of genetic counsellors was manifested, professional recognition of genetic counsellors across Europe is still needed in order to support the quality of patients care and safety of practice.
|
['Adult', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Counselors', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 28,513,616
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['M01.526.225'], ['Z01.542'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Network meta-analysis comparing techniques and outcomes of stump closure after distal pancreatectomy.
|
BACKGROUND: The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy remains high, and different pancreatic stump closure techniques have been used to reduce the incidence. A network meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the most frequently performed pancreatic stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy and determine the technique associated with the lowest POPF rate.METHODS: A systematic search of the Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted to identify eligible RCTs. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant POPF. Secondary outcomes were duration of operation, blood loss, intrabdominal collections, postoperative complications and 30-day mortality.RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs including 1984 patients and eight different pancreatic stump closure techniques were included in the network meta-analysis. Patch coverage of the pancreatic stump (round ligament or seromuscular patch) after stapler or suture closure ranked best, with the lowest rates of clinically relevant POPF, lowest volume of intraoperative blood loss, fewer intra-abdominal abscesses, and lower rates of overall complications and 30-day mortality. Round ligament patch closure outperformed seromuscular patch closure in preventing clinically relevant POPF with a significantly larger cohort for comparative analysis. Pancreaticoenteric anastomotic closure consistently ranked poorly for most reported postoperative outcomes.CONCLUSION: Patch coverage after stapler or suture closure has the lowest POPF rate and best outcomes among stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy.
|
['Abdominal Abscess', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Network Meta-Analysis', 'Operative Time', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Pancreatic Fistula', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Surgical Stapling', 'Suture Techniques', 'Wound Closure Techniques']
| 31,626,341
|
[['C01.830.025.020'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.500.500', 'E05.581.500.501.500', 'N05.715.360.325.515.500', 'N06.850.520.445.500.500'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['E04.210.752'], ['C06.267.775', 'C06.689.583', 'C23.300.575.185.775'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.987.775.800'], ['E04.987.775'], ['E04.987']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
DIVAN: accurate identification of non-coding disease-specific risk variants using multi-omics profiles.
|
Understanding the link between non-coding sequence variants, identified in genome-wide association studies, and the pathophysiology of complex diseases remains challenging due to a lack of annotations in non-coding regions. To overcome this, we developed DIVAN, a novel feature selection and ensemble learning framework, which identifies disease-specific risk variants by leveraging a comprehensive collection of genome-wide epigenomic profiles across cell types and factors, along with other static genomic features. DIVAN accurately and robustly recognizes non-coding disease-specific risk variants under multiple testing scenarios; among all the features, histone marks, especially those marks associated with repressed chromatin, are often more informative than others.
|
['Chromatin', 'Computational Biology', 'Disease', 'Epigenomics', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome, Human', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Histone Code', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors']
| 27,923,386
|
[['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['C23.550.288'], ['H01.158.273.180.350.074', 'H01.158.273.343.350.042'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G02.111.570.060.360', 'G05.360.360'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
"De novo" peptide sequencing by MALDI-quadrupole-ion trap mass spectrometry: a preliminary study.
|
Collision-induced dissociation of singly charged peptide ions produced by resonant excitation in a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ion trap mass spectrometer yields relatively low complexity MS/MS spectra that exhibit highly preferential fragmentation, typically occurring adjacent to aspartyl, glutamyl, and prolyl residues. Although these spectra have proven to be of considerable utility for database-driven protein identification, they have generally been considered to contain insufficient information to be useful for extensive de novo sequencing. Here, we report a procedure for de novo sequencing of peptides that uses MS/MS data generated by an in-house assembled MALDI-quadrupole-ion trap mass spectrometer (Krutchinsky, Kalkum, and Chait Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 5066-5077). Peptide sequences of up 14 amino acid residues in length have been deduced from digests of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE. Key to the success of the current procedure is an ability to obtain MS/MS spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios and to efficiently detect relatively low abundance fragment ions that result from the less favorable fragmentation pathways. The high signal-to-noise ratio yields sufficiently accurate mass differences to allow unambiguous amino acid sequence assignments (with a few exceptions), and the efficient detection of low abundance fragment ions allows continuous reads through moderately long stretches of sequence. Finally, we show how the aforementioned preferential cleavage property of singly charged ions can be used to facilitate the de novo sequencing process.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Expressed Sequence Tags', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Peptides', 'Pinus', 'Plant Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 12,954,169
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.275'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D12.644'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.875.777'], ['D12.776.765'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Slimgraft: a percutaneous endovascular graft system.
|
PURPOSE: To describe an in vitro feasibility trial of a new percutaneous endograft delivery technique.METHODS AND RESULTS: A water flow model of 9-mm (inner diameter) transparent plastic tubing was used to test the feasibility of sequentially delivering the components of an endograft through a 7-F sheath for assembly in situ. The tubular endovascular graft was fabricated from a 10-mm x 68-mm Wallstent and 50-microm-thick Dacron graft. The graft material was formed into a tube, attached with a suture to a guidewire, and delivered into the plastic tubing. The Wallstent was then delivered through the tubular graft and deployed, affixing the graft to the plastic tube wall. In 4 trials, only 1 attempt was not successful.CONCLUSIONS: These concepts and techniques may have implications in the development of percutaneously deliverable endovascular grafts.
|
['Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Stents']
| 10,772,748
|
[['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XPD and DNA damage of workers exposed to vinylchloride monomer.
|
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is a human carcinogen. However, the exact mechanism of carcinogenesis remains unclear. 2-Chloroethylene oxide (CEO) and 2-chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), the metabolic intermediates of VCM, induce DNA damage which is mainly repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The XPD gene product and the related XPB protein are DNA helicases that are involved in transcription and NER. Polymorphisms of XPD have been implicated in chemical exposure-related health effects. In order to explore the mechanism of VCM-related health effects, a special matched case-control design (exposed workers with DNA damage and without damage) was used to investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of XPD and DNA damage in 106 male and 44 female workers occupationally exposed to VCM. Exposure and anthropometrics information was collected through in-person interview. Such information was then used to calculate cumulative exposure doses of the workers. DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes was measured by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay that identified DNA strand breaks. Genomic DNA from lymphocytes was used in genotyping assays. Genotypes of XPD Ile199Met, XPD Asp312Asn, and XPD Lys751Gln were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) procedure. The results indicate that the genotypes of XPD 751Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln were significantly associated with the expression of DNA damages (OR 2.21, P<0.05, 95% CI 1.01-5.13). An interesting observation is the reduction of DNA damage for workers with high VCM exposure and possessing the XPD Asp/Asn and Asn/Asn genotypes (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.95). Polymorphisms of XPD may therefore be a major reason of genetic susceptibility in VCM-induced DNA damage and health consequences.
|
['Adult', 'Air Pollutants, Occupational', 'Carcinogens', 'Case-Control Studies', 'China', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Inhalation Exposure', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Vinyl Chloride']
| 16,217,922
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.888.284.101.268'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.112'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D02.455.326.271.884.750', 'D02.455.526.439.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Synergistic Capsicum-tea mixtures with anticancer activity.
|
We have demonstrated a synergy between a decaffeinated green tea concentrate and a vanilloid-containing Capsicum preparation obtained commercially. At a ratio of 25 parts green tea concentrate to 1 part Capsicum preparation, the resultant product exhibited efficacy in the killing of cancer cells in culture 100-times that of green tea on a weight basis. These studies were guided by assays of the putative catechin-vanilloid target protein tNOX, a cell surface growth-related enzymatic activity specific to cancer. The activity of the protein target was inhibited by the tea catechins and the Capsicum vanilloids. As with growth, the tea and Capsicum preparations evaluated were synergistic in their inhibition of the target enzymatic activity.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Beverages', 'Capsicum', 'Catechin', 'Cell-Free System', 'Drug Synergism', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases', 'Plant Extracts', 'Tea']
| 12,906,756
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.145'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D08.811.682.608'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Real-time visualization of the cellular redistribution of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and beta-arrestin 2 during homologous desensitization of the substance P receptor.
|
The substance P receptor (SPR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a key role in pain regulation. The SPR desensitizes in the continued presence of agonist, presumably via mechanisms that implicate G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and beta-arrestins. The temporal relationship of these proposed biochemical events has never been established for any GPCR other than rhodopsin beyond the resolution provided by biochemical assays. We investigate the real-time activation and desensitization of the human SPR in live HEK293 cells using green fluorescent protein conjugates of protein kinase C, GRK2, and beta-arrestin 2. The translocation of protein kinase C betaII-green fluorescent protein to and from the plasma membrane in response to substance P indicates that the human SPR becomes activated within seconds of agonist exposure, and the response desensitizes within 30 s. This desensitization process coincides with a redistribution of GRK2 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, followed by a robust redistribution of beta-arrestin 2 and a profound change in cell morphology that occurs after 1 min of SPR stimulation. These data establish a role for GRKs and beta-arrestins in homologous desensitization of the SPR and provide the first visual and temporal resolution of the sequence of events underlying homologous desensitization of a GPCR in living cells.
|
['Arrestins', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cytoplasm', 'Humans', 'Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1', 'Substance P', 'beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases', 'beta-Arrestin 2', 'beta-Arrestins']
| 10,066,824
|
[['D12.644.360.024.098', 'D12.776.157.057.005', 'D12.776.306.090', 'D12.776.476.024.104', 'D12.776.543.090'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.625.487', 'D27.505.696.577.487'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049', 'D12.644.360.293.249', 'D12.776.476.293.249'], ['D12.644.360.024.098.525.750', 'D12.776.157.057.005.525.750', 'D12.776.476.024.104.525.750', 'D12.776.543.090.525.750'], ['D12.644.360.024.098.525', 'D12.776.157.057.005.525', 'D12.776.476.024.104.525', 'D12.776.543.090.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ISADH) after head injury (author's transl)].
|
Two new observations of ISADH following head injury are described. A review of the medical literature is presented. Reports of ISADH after head injury are rare in comparison to the frequent occurrence of hydroelectrolytic disorders in the same situation. Attention is drawn to misleading clinical pictures, suggestive of neurosurgical conditions. Intracranial hematoma is frequently associated with ISADH and should be looked for in patients who fail to respond to therapy.
|
['Aged', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Demeclocycline', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyponatremia', 'Inappropriate ADH Syndrome', 'Male']
| 6,285,495
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.900.300', 'C26.915.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.185', 'D04.615.562.900.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.620'], ['C10.228.140.617.738.320', 'C18.452.950.626', 'C19.700.490']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
D-dimer for the exclusion of venous thromboembolism: comparison of a new automated latex particle immunoassay (MDA D-dimer) with an established enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (VIDAS D-dimer).
|
The use of D-dimer tests to exclude venous thromboembolism is an important advance in clinical practice and also has economic benefits. Ideally the test should be objective and a test that could be run on the routine coagulometer would obviate the need for additional investment in alternative hardware. A new automated latex particle immunoassay (MDA D-dimer) that can be run on a routine coagulometer was compared with a well established enzyme linked fluorescent assay (VIDAS D-dimer) on the basis of their ability to exclude venous thromboembolism. The assays were compared in 49 patients presenting to the emergency department with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. After objective diagnostic imaging, 20 patients were confirmed to have venous thromboembolism. There was strong agreement between the assays in individual patients. Using a cut-off of 500 micrograms/l, both tests had a sensitivity of 100% and therefore a negative predictive value of 100%, however the MDA test would have spared more patients (20% vs. 12%) from further testing if a negative D-dimer was used to rule-out the diagnosis. It was concluded that a rapid, objective latex D-dimer test run on a routine coagulometer (MDA D-dimer) can be used to exclude the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism.
|
['Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 10,646,079
|
[['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.124.270.300', 'D12.776.811.300.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Induction of the Escherichia coli cytochrome d by low delta mu H+ and by sodium ions.
|
Regulation of synthesis of cytochrome d in Escherichia coli has been studied using mutants with cytochrome-d--beta-galactosidase gene fusions. It was shown that various protonophorous uncouplers, when added to the growth medium, cause induction of the cytochrome d synthesis. The cytochrome-d-inducing activity of uncouplers correlates with their ability to inhibit such a delta mu (H+)-driven function as motility of the E. coli cells. An increase in the Na+ concentration in the growth medium from 1.5 mM to 25 mM results in induction of the cytochrome d synthesis. The cytochrome-d-inducing effect of uncouplers is much more pronounced when the Na+ concentration is high than when it is low. These data are in agreement with the assumption that cytochrome d is involved in the Na+ energetics substituting for the H+ energetics when the latter appears to be inefficient. Mutations in arcA or arcB genes (but not in fnr gene) completely prevent the increase in the cytochrome d level induced by uncouplers but are without effect on that induced by Na+. It is assumed that in the control of the cytochrome d synthesis, the Arc system is involved in the delta mu H+ sensing whereas sensing of delta mu Na+ (or of the Na+ concentration) is mediated by some other receptor system.
|
['Cytochrome d Group', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen', 'Ions', 'Mutation', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sodium', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 7,556,165
|
[['D08.244.300', 'D12.776.422.220.300'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D01.248.497'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of phosphorylation and phosphorylation-null mutants on the activity and deamination specificity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase.
|
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in B cells by deaminating C --> U on transcribed DNA. Here we analyze the role of phosphorylation and phosphorylation-null mutants on the biochemical behavior of AID, including enzyme specific activity, processivity, deamination spectra, deamination motif specificity, and transcription-dependent deamination in the presence and absence of RPA. We show that a small fraction of recombinant human AID expressed in Sf9 insect cells is phosphorylated at previously identified residues Ser(38) and Thr(27) and also at Ser(41) and Ser(43). S43P AID has been identified in a patient with hyper-IgM immunodeficiency syndrome. Ser-substituted phosphorylation-null mutants (S38A, S41A, S43A, and S43P) exhibit wild type (WT) activity on single-stranded DNA. Deamination of transcribed double-stranded DNA is similar for WT and mutant AID and occurs with or without RPA. Although WT and AID mutants catalyze processive deamination favoring canonical WRC hot spot motifs (where W represents A/T and R is A/G), their deamination spectra differ significantly. The differences between the WT and AID mutants appear to be caused by the replacement of Ser as opposed to an absence of phosphorylation. The spectral differences reflect a marked change in deamination efficiencies in two motifs, GGC and AGC, which are preferred by mutant AID but disfavored by WT AID. Both motifs occur with exceptionally high frequency in human switch regions, suggesting a possible relationship between AID deamination specificity and a loss of antibody diversification.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cytidine Deaminase', 'DNA', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Single-Stranded', 'Humans', 'Insecta', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'Phosphorylation', 'Serine', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 18,417,471
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.250'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential clinical features and long-term prognosis of acute aortic syndrome according to disease entity.
|
AIMS: To evaluate the acute and long-term prognosis of acute aortic syndrome (AAS) according to the disease entity [intramural haematoma (IMH) vs. aortic dissection (AD)] and the anatomical location (type A vs. B).METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1012 patients [672 with AD and 340 with IMH (33.6%)] were enrolled between 1993 and 2015. Compared with AD patients, IMH patients were older and had higher frequency of female sex and distal aorta involvement. The overall crude in-hospital mortality of AAS was 8.6%; type A AD [15.0%; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 30.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.62-107.3; P < 0.001], type A IMH (8.0%; aHR 4.85; 95% CI 1.29-18.2; P = 0.019), type B AD (5.0%; aHR 3.51; 95% CI 1.00-12.4; P = 0.051), and type B IMH [1.5%; aHR 1.00 (reference)]. During a median follow-up duration of 8.5 years (interquartile range: 4.0-13.5 years), AD (aHR 2.78; 95% CI 1.87-4.14; P < 0.001) and type A (aHR 2.28; 95% CI 1.45-3.58; P < 0.001) was associated with a higher risk of aortic death. After 90 days, a risk of aortic death was no longer associated with anatomical location (aHR 0.74; 95% CI 0.40-1.36; P = 0.33), but remained associated with disease entity (aHR 1.83; 95% CI 1.10-3.04; P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: The clinical features, response to treatment strategy, and outcomes of IMH patients were distinct from those of AD patients. Both early and late survival was better for IMH than for AD. In addition to the anatomical location of AAS, the disease entity is an independent factor associated with both acute and long-term mortality in patients with AAS. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the prognostic implication of disease entity in different patient populations.
|
['Aged', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,220,232
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['C14.907.109'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Highly Efficient Targeted Gene Editing in Upland Cotton Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System.
|
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system has been shown to be able to induce highly efficient mutagenesis in the targeted DNA of many plants, including cotton, and has become an important tool for investigation of gene function and crop improvement. Here, we developed a simple and easy to operate CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated its high editing efficiency in cotton by targeting-ALARP, a gene encoding alanine-rich protein that is preferentially expressed in cotton fibers. Based on sequence analysis of the target site in the 10 transgenic cottons containing CRISPR/Cas9, we found that the mutation frequencies of GhALARP-A and GhALARP-D target sites were 71.4⁻100% and 92.9⁻100%, respectively. The most common editing event was deletion, but deletion together with large insertion was also observed. Mosaic mutation editing events were detected in most transgenic plants. No off-target mutation event was detected in any the 15 predicted sites analyzed. This study provided mutants for further study of the function of GhALARP in cotton fiber development. Our results further demonstrated the feasibility of use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a targeted mutagenesis tool in cotton, and provided an efficient tool for targeted mutagenesis and functional genomics in cotton.
|
['Base Sequence', 'CRISPR-Associated Protein 9', 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'Gene Editing', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Gossypium', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'RNA, Guide']
| 30,275,376
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.325.150', 'D12.776.097.219', 'D12.776.212.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.394'], ['E05.393.420.270'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.244'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D13.444.735.790.552.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
FOETAL for NCD-FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: the role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life: a prospective preconception study in rural Tanzania.
|
PURPOSE: Low-income and middle-income countries such as Tanzania experience a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including anaemia. Studying if and how anaemia affects growth, placenta development, epigenetic patterns and newborns' risk of NCDs may provide approaches to prevent NCDs.PARTICIPANTS: The FOETALforNCD (FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: the role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life) Study is a population-based preconception, pregnancy and birth cohort study (n=1415, n=538, n=427, respectively), conducted in a rural region of North-East Tanzania. All participants were recruited prior to conception or early in pregnancy and followed throughout pregnancy as well as at birth. Data collection included: maternal blood, screening for NCDs and malaria, ultrasound in each trimester, neonatal anthropometry at birth and at 1 month of age, cord blood, placental and cord biopsies for stereology and epigenetic analyses.FINDINGS TO DATE: At preconception, the average age, body mass index and blood pressure of the women were 28 years, 23 kg/m2 and 117/75 mm Hg, respectively. In total, 458 (36.7%) women had anaemia (haemoglobin Hb <12 g/dL) and 34 (3.6%) women were HIV-positive at preconception. During pregnancy 359 (66.7%) women had anaemia of which 85 (15.8%) women had moderate-to-severe anaemia (Hb ?9 g/dL) and 33 (6.1%) women had severe anaemia (Hb ?8 g/dL). In total, 185 (34.4%) women were diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy.FUTURE PLANS: The project will provide new knowledge on how health, even before conception, might modify the risk of developing NCDs and how to promote better health during pregnancy. The present project ended data collection 1 month after giving birth, but follow-up is continuing through regular monitoring of growth and development and health events according to the National Road Map Strategic Plan in Tanzania. This data will link fetal adverse event to childhood development, and depending on further grant allocation, through a life course follow-up.
|
['Adult', 'Anemia', 'Child Development', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Epigenomics', 'Female', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Malaria', 'Noncommunicable Diseases', 'Preconception Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Tanzania', "Women's Health"]
| 31,122,967
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['H01.158.273.180.350.074', 'H01.158.273.343.350.042'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['C23.550.291.898'], ['E02.760.775', 'N02.421.143.620.620', 'N02.421.585.775', 'N02.421.920.660'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.667', 'C15.378.785'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Genomic diversification of marine cyanophages into stable ecotypes.
|
Understanding the structure and origin of natural bacteriophage genomic diversity is important in elucidating how bacteriophages influence the mortality rates and composition of their host communities. Here, we examine the genetic structure and genomic diversification of naturally occurring bacteriophages by analyzing the full genomic sequences of over 100 isolates of Synechococcus-infecting cyanophages collected over 15 years from coastal waters of Southern New England, USA. Our analysis revealed well-supported cyanophage genomic clusters (genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) >93%) and subclusters (genome-wide ANI >98%) that remained consistent for a decade or longer. Furthermore, by combining the genomic data with genetic analysis of an additional 800 isolates and environmental amplicon sequence data both genomic clusters and subclusters were found to exhibit clear temporal and/or spatial patterns of abundance, suggesting that these units represent distinct viral ecotypes. The processes responsible for diversification of cyanophages into genomic clusters and subclusters were similar across genetic scales and included allelic exchange as well as gene gain and loss. Isolates belonging to different subclusters were found to differ in genes that encoded auxiliary metabolic functions, restriction modification enzymes, and virion structural proteins, although the specific traits and selection pressures responsible for the maintenance of distinct ecotypes remain unknown.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Ecotype', 'Genome, Viral', 'Genomics', 'New England', 'Seawater', 'Synechococcus']
| 27,696,643
|
[['B04.123'], ['G05.695.200', 'G16.500.275.157.049.230', 'N06.230.124.049.230'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['B03.280.745', 'B03.440.475.100.745']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of annexin1 on erectile function after cavernous nerve injury in rats.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions of ANX1 on erectile function (EF). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four equal groups: one group (sham operation-control) and three groups (bilateral cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury). Crush injury groups were treated prior to injury with an intravascular injection of either ANX1 (50 or 100 ìg kg-1) or vehicle. EF was assessed by CN electrical stimulation at 2 and 7 days after CN injury with histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. ANX1 demonstrated functional preservation as the increase in intracavernous pressure (ICP). A dose-response relationship regarding the effect on penile tissue was confirmed, and preservation of the penile dorsal nerves and anti-apoptotic effects in the corpus cavernosum (real P-value vs injured control). ANX1 treatment prevented collagen deposition and smooth muscle loss in the penis. ANX1 normalized the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decreased tumor necrosis factor-á in the lumen of the blood vessels of the organ. ANX1 proved effective in preserving EF in a rat model of neurogenic erectile dysfunction. ANX1 treatment before CN injury in rats improved erectile recovery, enhanced vascular regeneration and preserved the micro-architecture of the corpus cavernosum. The clinical availability of this compound merits application in penile rehabilitation studies following radical prostatectomy.
|
['Animals', 'Annexin A1', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Male', 'Nerve Crush', 'Penile Erection', 'Penis', 'Peripheral Nerve Injuries', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 27,557,611
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['E04.525.210.560'], ['G08.686.784.717'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['C10.668.829.712', 'C10.900.575', 'C26.915.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors of prolonged fluoroscopy time in diagnostic coronary angiography.
|
BACKGROUND: Prolonged fluoroscopy time during coronary angiography is a major concern for interventional cardiologists as well as for patients. It is unknown which factors affect the prolonged fluoroscopy time.METHODS: A total of 458 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were included. The patients who had the highest decile of fluoroscopy time were assigned to the prolonged fluoroscopy group (fluoroscopy time ?15.7min), while the other patients were assigned to the non-prolonged fluoroscopy group (fluoroscopy time <15.7min). We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of prolonged fluoroscopy time.RESULTS: Mean fluoroscopy time in 458 patients was 8.5±5.8min. Median and ranges of fluoroscopy time were 19.0 [15.7-47.0]min in the prolonged fluoroscopy group and 6.0 [2.0-15.3]min in the non-prolonged fluoroscopy group, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that significant predictors of prolonged fluoroscopy time were prior surgery of ascending aorta replacement [odds ratios (OR) 11.46, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.53-85.74, p=0.02] and the prevalence of moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.20-6.66, p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS: The prior surgery of ascending aorta replacement and moderate to severe aortic regurgitation were significant predictors of the prolonged fluoroscopy time.
|
['Aged', 'Aorta', 'Aortic Valve Insufficiency', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 26,995,497
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.280.484.048.500'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Phylogenetic comparison of classical swine fever virus in China.
|
An N-terminal fragment of the E2 gene of classical swine fever (CSF) virus encoding major immunogenic sites was amplified by RT-PCR directly from 110 clinical specimens representing 109 epizootic sites during the last decade in China. Phylogenetic relationships between these viruses as well as 20 reference strains were determined by comparison of their nucleotide sequences. A phylogenetic tree showed that 103 of the 110 field viruses (93.6%) were clustered within group 2 and subdivided into three subgroups, while the remaining seven viruses (6.4%), along with two Chinese reference strains, Shimen and HCLV (attenuated vaccine strain), were clustered into subgroup 1.1 within group 1. However, none of the Chinese CSF viruses were members of subgroup 1.2 (represented by reference strain Brescia). This is the first report on the distribution of CSF virus genotypes in China. Results indicated that CSF viruses predominating in recent epizootics within China are genetically divergent from the reference strain Shimen and the vaccine strain HCLV.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Classical Swine Fever', 'Classical Swine Fever Virus', 'DNA, Viral', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Phylogeny', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Swine', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 11,682,122
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.200', 'C22.905.170'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.125'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E05.318.416', 'E05.393.522', 'H01.158.201.636.475.500', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.500', 'H01.181.122.650.475.550', 'H02.403.720.500.300', 'N06.850.520.470'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Bacillary angiomatosis of the anterior orbit, eyelid, and conjunctiva.
|
PURPOSE: To report a case of bacillary angiomatosis of the lower eyelid, conjunctiva, and anterior orbit.DESIGN: Interventional case report.METHODS: A 76-year-old immunocompromised male patient developed a firm vascularized nodule in his left lower eyelid and anterior orbit.RESULTS: An excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed an abnormal vascular proliferation and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. A Warthin-Starry stain showed numerous bacilli. These findings are characteristic of bacillary angiomatosis. A serologic specimen was positive for antibodies to Bartonella Quintana.CONCLUSION: The lower lid and anterior orbit are rare locations for bacillary angiomatosis. Our case brings to attention the increasing importance of Bartonella infection as a causative agent of ophthalmic diseases.
|
['Aged', 'Angiomatosis, Bacillary', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bartonella quintana', 'Conjunctival Diseases', 'Doxycycline', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Eye Infections, Bacterial', 'Eyelid Diseases', 'Humans', 'Immunocompromised Host', 'Male', 'Orbital Diseases', 'Rifampin']
| 12,208,256
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.126.100.075', 'C01.150.252.819.150', 'C01.800.720.150', 'C14.907.077.060', 'C17.800.838.765.150', 'C17.800.862.060'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.440.090.100.650', 'B03.660.050.030.040.650'], ['C11.187'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.150.252.289', 'C01.375.354', 'C11.294.354'], ['C11.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.470'], ['C11.675'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro and in vivo analysis of the biodegradable behavior of a magnesium alloy for biomedical applications.
|
The present study was designed to investigate the biodegradation behavior of Mg alloy plates in the maxillofacial region. For in vitro analysis, the plates were immersed in saline solution and simulated body fluid. For in vivo, the plates were implanted into the tibia, head, back, abdominal cavity, and femur and assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after implantation. After implantation, the plate volumes and the formed insoluble salt were measured via micro-computed tomography. SEM/EDX analysis of the insoluble salt and histological analysis of the surrounding tissues were performed. The volume loss of plates in the in vitro groups was higher than that in the in vivo groups. The volume loss was fastest in the abdomen, followed by the head, back, tibia, and femur. There were no statistically significant differences in the insoluble salt volume of the all implanted sites. The corrosion of the Mg alloy will be affected to the surrounding tissue responses. The material for the plate should be selected based on the characteristic that Mg alloys are decomposed relatively easily in the maxillofacial region.
|
['Abdominal Cavity', 'Alloys', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Body Fluids', 'Corrosion', 'Femur', 'Implants, Experimental', 'Internal Fixators', 'Jaw Fractures', 'Magnesium', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'Tibia', 'Wound Healing', 'X-Ray Microtomography']
| 30,158,349
|
[['A01.923.047.025'], ['D01.552.033', 'D25.058', 'J01.637.051.058'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['A12.207'], ['G02.165'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E07.695.340'], ['E07.695.370', 'E07.858.442.660.460', 'E07.858.690.725.460'], ['C10.900.300.284.500.400', 'C26.404.750.467', 'C26.915.300.425.500.400'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['E05.196.867.800', 'E05.799.830'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['G16.762.891'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage Progression in Patients Undergoing Repair of Persistent Cloaca.
|
PURPOSE: Children born with persistent cloaca undergo complex pelvic reconstruction early in life. Long-term risks of bladder dysfunction and chronic kidney disease are well described. We report upper urinary tract outcomes and the risk of chronic kidney disease stage progression in this patient population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied a cohort of patients undergoing posterior sagittal anorecto-vagino-urethroplasty at a single institution from 2006 to 2013. Inclusion criteria consisted of complete urological care at our institution. Chronic kidney disease stage was calculated from cystatin C or nuclear medicine glomerular filtration rate.RESULTS: A total of 44 patients met inclusion criteria. Of the patients 12 had undergone vesicostomy or ureterostomy. A total of 19 patients had hydronephrosis, 19 had vesicoureteral reflux and 15 had a tethered spinal cord. Median length of the common channel was 3.5 cm. Median age at posterior sagittal anorecto-vagino-urethroplasty was 7.3 months. Median followup was 5.3 years. A total of 30 patients had neurogenic bladder, of whom 27 required clean intermittent catheterization and 3 had undergone vesicostomy. Of the patients 38 had stage I or II, 5 had stage III and 1 had stage IV chronic kidney disease. During followup no patient with initial stage I to III chronic kidney disease had stage progression. The patient with stage IV chronic kidney disease had a renal allograft placed at age 34 months before needing dialysis.CONCLUSIONS: Early outcomes in patients with stage I to III chronic kidney disease demonstrate that renal function can be maintained despite a high rate of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Aggressive bladder management may help prevent progressive renal injury in this population.
|
['Cloaca', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 25,623,743
|
[['A13.223', 'A16.178'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Recreational drugs and sexual behavior in the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort of homosexually active men. Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study.
|
Since initial reports emerged of an association between recreational drug use and high-risk sexual behaviors in gay men, there has been interest in studying this relationship for its relevance to behavioral interventions. Reported here are the longitudinal patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use in the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study (CCS) of gay men. A pattern of decreasing drug use over 6 years was observed that paralleled a decline in high-risk sexual behavior (i.e., unprotected anal intercourse). In contrast, alcohol consumption tended to be more stable over time, and to show no relationship to sexual behavior change. Men who combined volatile nitrite (popper) use with other recreational drugs were at highest risk both behaviorally and in terms of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) seroconversion throughout the study. Popper use also was associated independently with lapse from safer sexual behaviors (failure to use a condom during receptive anal sex). Use of other recreational substances showed no relationship to sexual behavior change patterns, and stopping popper use was unrelated to improvement in safer sexual behavior. When popper use and lapse from safer sex were reanalyzed, controlling for primary relationship status, popper use was associated with failure to use condoms during receptive anal sex among nonmonogamous men only. These findings suggest an association between popper use and high-risk sexual behavior among members of the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort that has relevance to HIV prevention intervention efforts.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Amyl Nitrite', 'Chicago', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Homosexuality', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Marijuana Abuse', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 7,910,500
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['D02.633.025'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350.200', 'Z01.433.305'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.802.975.500', 'G08.686.867.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C25.775.635', 'F03.900.635'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Multiple estrogen receptor assays in human breast cancer.
|
A review of assay results from more than 6000 patients revealed 232 patients in whom multiple breast cancer specimens were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER). All assays were performed in a single laboratory. Specimens were considered estrogen receptor positive (ER+) if the ER level was greater than 10 fmol/mg protein and estrogen receptor negative (ER-) if the ER level was less than 3. ER values between 3 and 10 fmol/mg protein were considered borderline. Simultaneous assays were performed in 58 patients with 3% major discordance (i.e., one assay ER- and one assay ER+). Major discordance for sequential biopsies was 19% (16 of 82) when the initial assay was ER+ and 13% (eight of 63) when the initial assay was ER-. (Apparent change from ER- to ER+ status was observed in five of nine patients with primary tumors less than 2 cm in diameter, suggesting that an inadequate amount of tissue may have been submitted for initial ER analysis.) There was no significant relationship between the time interval between sequential biopsies and the rate of discordance. Marked decreases in ER levels and 78% discordance were seen if rebiopsy was performed within 2 months of tamoxifen treatment. When these tamoxifen cases were excluded from the analysis, neither intervening endocrine therapy nor chemotherapy significantly altered discordance rates.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Estrogen']
| 6,847,780
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sodium taurocholate-dependent lipid efflux by ABCA1: effects of W590S mutation on lipid translocation and apolipoprotein A-I dissociation.
|
ABCA1 plays a major role in HDL metabolism. Cholesterol secretion by ABCA1 is dependent on the presence of extracellular acceptors, such as lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, the importance of the direct interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1 in HDL formation remains unclear. In contrast, ABCB4 mediates the secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol in the presence of sodium taurocholate (NaTC) but not in the presence of apoA-I. In this study, we analyzed apoA-I binding and NaTC-dependent lipid efflux by ABCA1. ABCA1 mediated the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids in the presence of NaTC as well as in the presence of apoA-I in an ATP-dependent manner. The Tangier disease mutation W590S, which resides in the extracellular domain and impairs apoA-I-dependent lipid efflux, greatly decreased NaTC-dependent cholesterol and phospholipid efflux. However, the W590S mutation did not impair apoA-I binding and, conversely, retarded the dissociation of apoA-I from ABCA1. These results suggest that the W590S mutation impairs ATP-dependent lipid translocation and that lipid translocation or possibly lipid loading, facilitates apoA-I dissociation from ABCA1. NaTC is a good tool for analyzing ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux and allows dissection of the steps of HDL formation by ABCA1.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cholesterol', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Phospholipids', 'Protein Binding', 'Tangier Disease', 'Taurocholic Acid']
| 19,202,195
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.050.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.381.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.381.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.190.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['G03.143.310'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G03.458'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['C10.668.829.800.875', 'C16.320.565.398.500.330.750', 'C18.452.584.500.875.330.750', 'C18.452.648.398.500.330.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850.875', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850.800', 'D04.210.500.105.225.900', 'D04.210.500.221.430.873']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development and evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films based on nano-sized zinc oxide particles for the in situ sampling of tetracyclines in pig breeding wastewater.
|
The pollution of antibiotics, including tetracyclines (TCs), in aquatic environments has become an issue of concern in recent years. Herein, an in situ sampling of TCs in pig breeding wastewater that utilizes the technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), based on commercial nanosized ZnO (nanoZnO) particles as the potential effective binding agent and a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane as the diffusion layer, was developed. The diffusion coefficients of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in a PES membrane at 25 °C were (1.37 ± 0.06) ? 10-6 cm2 s-1, (1.29 ± 0.05) ? 10-6 cm2 s-1 and (1.94 ± 0.07) ? 10-6 cm2 s-1, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of a gel disc containing 2.5 g L-1 of nanoZnO particles were as high as 3.93 ± 0.20 mg disc-1 for TC, 3.21 ± 0.20 mg disc-1 for OTC and 4.62 ± 0.22 mg disc-1 for CTC. Both a solution pH in the range of 5-9 and an ionic strength (as pNaCl) in the range of 1-3 had an insignificant influence on the TCs uptake by nanoZnO-DGT samplers. There was no significant influence of fulvic acid or tannic acid on the TC uptake by nanoZnO-DGT samplers at the tested mass ratios. For all spiked freshwater samples, there was no notable interference of matrices on the performance of the nanoZnO-DGT samplers, suggesting that the nanoZnO-DGT samplers yielded satisfactory results for the uptake of TCs at concentrations existing in the spiked freshwater samples. Field deployment of the nanoZnO-DGT samplers in pig breeding wastewater also exhibited excellent precision and accuracy, indicating that the nanoZnO-DGT samplers could be used as a promising method for the in situ sampling of TC antibiotics in aquatic environments.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chlortetracycline', 'Diffusion', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Oxytetracycline', 'Polymers', 'Sulfones', 'Sus scrofa', 'Tetracycline', 'Waste Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Zinc Oxide']
| 30,312,908
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.146', 'D04.615.562.900.146'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.600', 'D04.615.562.900.600'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.886.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['D01.650.550.975', 'D01.975.975']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prevalence and genetic characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered animals in Bangladesh.
|
To determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in slaughter animals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we collected rectal contents immediately after animals were slaughtered. Of the samples collected from buffalo (n = 174), cows (n = 139), and goats (n = 110), 82.2%, 72.7%, and 11.8% tested positive for stx(1) and/or stx(2), respectively. STEC could be isolated from 37.9%, 20.1%, and 10.0% of the buffalo, cows, and goats, respectively. STEC O157 samples were isolated from 14.4% of the buffalo, 7.2% of the cows, and 9.1% of the goats. More than 93% (n = 42) of the STEC O157 isolates were positive for the stx(2), eae, katP, etpD, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli hly (hly(EHEC)) virulence genes. STEC O157 isolates were characterized by seven recognized phage types, of which types 14 (24.4%) and 31 (24.4%) were predominant. Subtyping of the 45 STEC O157 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 37 distinct restriction patterns, suggesting a heterogeneous clonal diversity. In addition to STEC O157, 71 STEC non-O157 strains were isolated from 60 stx-positive samples from 23.6% of the buffalo, 12.9% of the cows, and 0.9% of the goats. The STEC non-O157 isolates belonged to 36 different O groups and 52 O:H serotypes. Unlike STEC O157, most of the STEC non-O157 isolates (78.9%) were positive for stx(1). Only 7.0% (n = 5) of the isolates were positive for hly(EHEC), and none was positive for eae, katP, and etpD. None of the isolates was positive for the iha, toxB, and efa1 putative adhesion genes. However, 35.2% (n = 25), 11.3% (n = 8), 12.7% (n = 9), and 12.7% (n = 9) of the isolates were positive for the lpf(O113), saa, lpfA(O157/01-141), and lpfA(O157/OI-154) genes, respectively. The results of this study provide the first evidence that slaughtered animals like buffalo, cows, and goats in Bangladesh are reservoirs for STEC, including the potentially virulent STEC strain O157.
|
['Abattoirs', 'Animals', 'Bacteriophage Typing', 'Bangladesh', 'Buffaloes', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Feces', 'Food Microbiology', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Goat Diseases', 'Goats', 'Meat', 'Prevalence', 'Serotyping', 'Shiga Toxin 1', 'Shiga Toxin 2', 'Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli', 'Virulence Factors']
| 18,641,151
|
[['J01.576.423.200.700.100', 'J03.540.020'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.150', 'E05.200.875.150.125.150'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['A12.459'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['C22.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.120', 'D12.776.097.275.877', 'D23.946.123.794.100', 'D23.946.330.575.120'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.124', 'D12.776.097.275.879', 'D23.946.123.794.124', 'D23.946.330.575.124'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.800', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.800'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Estimation of Survival Probabilities for Use in Cost-effectiveness Analyses: A Comparison of a Multi-state Modeling Survival Analysis Approach with Partitioned Survival and Markov Decision-Analytic Modeling.
|
Modeling of clinical-effectiveness in a cost-effectiveness analysis typically involves some form of partitioned survival or Markov decision-analytic modeling. The health states progression-free, progression and death and the transitions between them are frequently of interest. With partitioned survival, progression is not modeled directly as a state; instead, time in that state is derived from the difference in area between the overall survival and the progression-free survival curves. With Markov decision-analytic modeling, a priori assumptions are often made with regard to the transitions rather than using the individual patient data directly to model them. This article compares a multi-state modeling survival regression approach to these two common methods. As a case study, we use a trial comparing rituximab in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide v. fludarabine and cyclophosphamide alone for the first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We calculated mean Life Years and QALYs that involved extrapolation of survival outcomes in the trial. We adapted an existing multi-state modeling approach to incorporate parametric distributions for transition hazards, to allow extrapolation. The comparison showed that, due to the different assumptions used in the different approaches, a discrepancy in results was evident. The partitioned survival and Markov decision-analytic modeling deemed the treatment cost-effective with ICERs of just over £16,000 and £13,000, respectively. However, the results with the multi-state modeling were less conclusive, with an ICER of just over £29,000. This work has illustrated that it is imperative to check whether assumptions are realistic, as different model choices can influence clinical and cost-effectiveness results.
|
['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Markov Chains', 'Probability', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Survival Analysis']
| 27,698,003
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some amino acid derivatives. Part 1: alanine derivatives.
|
Fifteen amides of N-substituted D-Ala, DL-Ala and beta Ala have been designed and synthesized as potential anticonvulsants. All obtained amides as well as one intermediate (8) were evaluated in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test, the subcutaneous Metrazol seizure threshold (sc Met) test and the rotorod neurotoxicity (Tox) test in mice. According to the classification of the Anticonvulsant Screening Project (ASP) of the Antiepileptic Drug Development Program (ADDP) eight compounds received class I, three class II and five class III designations. Two of the most active compounds (20, 24) were tested quantitatively. They exhibited, after i.p. administration in mice, a large protective index (PI) 3.2 for 20 and 4.3 for 24 and after oral administration in rat PI > 18 for 20 and > 14 for 24.
|
['Acetylation', 'Alanine', 'Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Convulsants', 'Electroshock', 'Gait', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Mice', 'Orientation', 'Pentylenetetrazole', 'Postural Balance', 'Rats', 'Seizures']
| 8,900,864
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['D12.125.042'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D27.505.696.282.224', 'D27.505.954.427.220.224'], ['E05.723.402.403', 'F04.669.224'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['D03.383.066.600'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RNA polymerase pausing regulates translation initiation by providing additional time for TRAP-RNA interaction.
|
RNA polymerase (RNAP) pause sites have been identified in several prokaryotic genes. Although the presumed biological function of RNAP pausing is to allow synchronization of RNAP position with regulatory factor binding and/or RNA folding, a direct causal link between pausing and changes in gene expression has been difficult to establish. RNAP pauses at two sites in the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon leader. Pausing at U107 and U144 participates in transcription attenuation and trpE translation control mechanisms, respectively. Substitution of U144 caused a substantial pausing defect in vitro and in vivo. These mutations led to increased trp operon expression that was suppressed by overproduction of TRAP, indicating that pausing at U144 provides additional time for TRAP to bind to the nascent transcript and promote formation of an RNA structure that blocks translation of trpE. These results establish that pausing is capable of playing a role in regulating translation in bacteria.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Models, Biological', 'Operon', 'Prokaryotic Initiation Factors', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tryptophan']
| 17,114,058
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['G05.308.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['D12.776.835.725.934'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Noninvasive neuroelectronic interfacing with synaptically connected snail neurons immobilized on a semiconductor chip.
|
A hybrid circuit of a semiconductor chip and synaptically connected neurons was implemented and characterized. Individual nerve cells from the snail Lymnaea stagnalis were immobilized on a silicon chip by microscopic picket fences of polyimide. The cells formed a network with electrical synapses after outgrowth in brain conditioned medium. Pairs of neurons were electronically interfaced for noninvasive stimulation and recording. Voltage pulses were applied to a capacitive stimulator on the chip to excite the attached neuron. Signals were transmitted in the neuronal net and elicited an action potential in a second neuron. The postsynaptic excitation modulated the current of a transistor on the chip. The implementation of the silicon-neuron-neuron-silicon circuit constitutes a proof-of-principle experiment for the development of neuroelectronic systems to be used in studies on neuronal signal processing, neurocomputation, and neuroprosthetics.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cells, Immobilized', 'Electrophysiology', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymnaea', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Neurobiology', 'Neurons', 'Semiconductors', 'Signal Transduction', 'Synapses']
| 11,526,244
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.270'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.645'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['H01.158.273.610', 'H01.158.610.080'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E07.305.625'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the molecular conformations of unique long neurotoxins bearing Phe-25: Astrotia stokesii b, Astrotia stokesii c, and Acanthophis antarcticus b.
|
The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of the unique long neurotoxins bearing Phe-25, Astrotia stokesii b (As b) and Astrotia stokesii c (As c) from Astrotia stokesii, and Acanthophis antarcticus b (Aa b) from Acanthophis antarcticus, have been analyzed. The aromatic proton resonances of Phe-25 in As b and Aa b were assigned on the basis of the nuclear Overhauser effects observed on irradiation of slowly exchanging amide protons. Phe-25 was found to be involved in hydrophobic interactions with Ile/Val-42, Ala-46 and Ile-58 in As b and As c, and with Ala-46 and Val-58 in Aa b. These hydrophobic interactions, instead of the hydrogen bond between Tyr-25 and Glu-42 found in other neurotoxins, appear to be important for maintenance of the biologically active tertiary structure. The pH dependency of the chemical shift and intensity of the Trp-72 N-1 proton resonance of As b indicates that the indole ring is not fully exposed to the solvent and that the extra tail segment of this long neurotoxin interacts with the main part of the molecule.
|
['Circular Dichroism', 'Elapid Venoms', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Neurotoxins', 'Phenylalanine', 'Tryptophan']
| 3,711,042
|
[['E05.196.867.151'], ['D20.888.850.325', 'D23.946.833.850.325'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D27.888.569.504'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic of total internal reflection (2+1)D bright beams on photorefractive SBN61:Ce crystal.
|
We study experimentally and numerically the transient behavior of a (2+1)D beam when it is totally reflected by nonlinear interface formed by SBN61:Ce photorefractive crystal. The dynamics give rise to observation of new beams. Due to modulation instability of the beam, the nonlinear interface stimulates the break of the beam into new beams that are reflected to different angles.
|
['Cerium', 'Lasers, Gas', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Refractometry']
| 22,274,420
|
[['D01.268.558.362.249', 'D01.552.550.399.249'], ['E07.632.490.367', 'E07.710.520.367'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['E05.196.808', 'H01.671.617.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Production of enantiomerically pure (S)-beta-phenylalanine and (R)-beta-phenylalanine by penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli in aqueous medium.
|
A new approach has been developed for the production of enantiomerically pure (S)-beta-phenylalanine (S-BPA) and (R)-beta-phenylalanine in aqueous medium based on enantioselective acylation and hydrolysis properties of penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli. The acylation reaction was highly preferential for the acylation of (R)-BPA to form N-phenylacetyl-(R)-BPA using phenylacetamide as an acyl donor, which was separated and then hydrolyzed to (R)-BPA by the same enzyme at pH 7.5. The optimal acylation reaction was at pH 10, 25 degrees C with a 2:1 molar ratio of phenylacetamide to BPA, 8 IU ml(-1) enzyme and 150 mM BPA. These resulted in a conversion of about 50% BPA; enantiomeric excess of (S)-BPA and (R)-BPA separated were 98 and 99%, respectively.
|
['Acetanilides', 'Acylation', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Penicillin Amidase', 'Phenylalanine', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 17,657,412
|
[['D02.065.199.092', 'D02.092.146.113.092'], ['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.300'], ['D08.811.277.087.690'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synergistic effect of amantadine and imipramine in the forced swimming test.
|
The obtained results indicate that joint administration of amantadine (a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist) and imipramine induced antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test even at doses of both drugs which were ineffective when each of the drugs was used alone.
|
['Amantadine', 'Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Drug Synergism', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Imipramine', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Swimming']
| 10,949,113
|
[['D02.455.426.100.050.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.055'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['D03.633.300.240.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Na (+) /Ca (2+) Exchanger 3 is Downregulated in the Hippocampus and Cerebrocortex of Rats with Hyperthermia-induced Convulsion.
|
BACKGROUND: Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX) plays a crucial role in pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion. However, it is unclear whether NCX is critically involved in hyperthermia-induced convulsion. In this study, we examined the potential changes in NCX3 in the hippocampus and cerebrocortex of rats with hyperthermia-induced convulsion.METHODS: Twenty-one Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control group, convulsion-prone group and convulsion-resistant group (n = 7 in each group). Whole-cell patch-clamp method was used to record NCX currents. Both the Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence labeling techniques were used to examine the expression of NCX3.RESULTS: NCX currents were decreased in rats after febrile convulsion. Compared to the control group, NCX3 expression was decreased by about 40% and 50% in the hippocampus and cerebrocortex of convulsion-prone rats, respectively. Furthermore, the extent of reduction in NCX3 expression seemed to correlate with the number of seizures.CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant reduction in NCX3 expression in rats with febrile convulsions. Our findings also indicate a potential link between NCX3 expression, febrile convulsion in early childhood, and adult onset of epilepsy.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Hippocampus', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Seizures', 'Sodium-Calcium Exchanger']
| 26,608,990
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.442', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.442']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amanita mushroom poisoning: efficacy of aggressive treatment of two dogs.
|
Amatoxins, the primary toxins found in mushrooms of the genus Amanita, are very toxic to dogs. Acute fulminant liver failure and death can occur within a few days of ingestion. By their curious nature, dogs, especially young dogs, are prone to ingest mushrooms. Early identification of suspect mushrooms, and prompt emergency measures aimed at decreasing absorption of the toxins can improve the chance of survival. Knowing the major clinical syndromes associated with Amanita mushroom toxicosis can help direct the treatment and supportive care of affected animals and improve survival rates. We describe 2 cases in dogs with confirmed ingestion of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata resulting in fulminant liver failure. Death occurred in 1 dog despite aggressive treatment measures including hemoperfusion, while aggressive measures resulted in a favorable outcome in the other dog.
|
['Amanita', 'Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Hemoperfusion', 'Male', 'Mushroom Poisoning']
| 11,931,514
|
[['B01.300.179.100.110'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['E02.870.244', 'E02.912.430', 'E04.292.510'], ['C25.723.415.551', 'C25.723.680.551']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Defining a pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis.
|
OBJECTIVES: Despite the central importance of pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) as an outcome measure in cystic fibrosis clinical trials, no standardized definition of PEx exists. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to establish a standardized PEx definition and score for use in clinical trials, based on clinical status rather than on treatment decisions.STUDY DESIGN: Subjects were 246 patients enrolled in the placebo arm of a randomized, controlled trial of tobramycin for inhalation. Physician-investigators completed PEx questionnaires on all subjects at scheduled intervals during the 6-month study, indicating new or worsening symptoms, physical examination findings, and impression of PEx status (presence or absence and severity). Logistic regression was used to assess the relative importance of each of the characteristics in predicting a PEx.RESULTS: We developed 2 PEx scores that use easily ascertained symptoms and chest examination findings; one also includes change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over the preceding month. Both scores were sensitive and specific for predicting the presence of a PEx (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 86%). The scores were validated in subjects in the intervention arm of the trial.CONCLUSION: We hope that the proposed PEx score might serve as a standardized outcome measure for future clinical trials in cystic fibrosis, allowing meaningful comparisons of study results.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'ROC Curve', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tobramycin']
| 11,562,614
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.225.500', 'G09.772.650.300.590'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['D09.408.051.476.600.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of transgenerational immune priming on the defence of insect eggs against parasitism.
|
Insects are known to prime the immune state of their offspring. However, although the beginning of insect life, the egg stage, is often greatly endangered by parasitism, no knowledge is available regarding whether transgenerational immune priming improves the immune responses of insect eggs to actual parasitoid attacks. Our study revealed suppression of the development of parasitoids in transgenerationally immune-primed Manduca sexta eggs and reduced emergence rates of parasitoids from these eggs. The higher defence efficiency of immune-primed M. sexta eggs against parasitoids was in agreement with the increased antibacterial activity and phenoloxidase activity of these eggs in response to parasitism compared to the eggs of control parents. Our study showed that immunochallenged insect parents could enable their offspring already in the egg stage to defend more efficiently against parasitic invaders. We discuss whether M. sexta benefits from transgenerational immune priming of eggs by limiting the population growth of egg parasitoids.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Hemolymph', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Immunity', 'Larva', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Male', 'Manduca', 'Micrococcus luteus', 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'Ovum', 'Peptidoglycan', 'Wasps']
| 25,790,896
|
[['B01.050'], ['A13.453'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['G12.450'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.525'], ['B03.510.024.850.500.500', 'B03.510.400.500.500.400'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125.500'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['D09.400.420.700', 'D09.698.718.594', 'D12.644.233.594', 'D12.776.395.560.800', 'D23.050.161.616.594'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nanostructured lipid carriers used for oral delivery of oridonin: an effect of ligand modification on absorption.
|
Oridonin (Ori) is a natural compound with notable anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, therapeutic use of this compound is limited by its poor solubility and low bioavailability. Here a novel biotin-modified nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was developed to enhance the bioavailability of Ori. The effect of ligand (biotin) modification on oral absorption of Ori encapsulated in NLCs was also explored. Ori-loaded NLCs (Ori-NLCs) were prepared by the melt dispersion-high pressure homogenization method. Biotin modification of Ori-NLCs was achieved by EDC and NHS in aqueous phase. The obtained biotin-decorated Ori-NLCs (Bio-Ori-NLCs) were 144.9nm in size with an entrapment efficiency of 49.54% and a drug load of 4.81%. Oral bioavailability was enhanced by use of Bio-Ori-NLCs with a relative bioavailability of 171.01%, while the value of non-modified Ori-NLCs was improved to 143.48%. Intestinal perfusion showed that Ori solution unexpectedly exhibited a moderate permeability, indicating that permeability was not a limiting factor of Ori absorption. Ori could be rapidly metabolized that was the main cause of low bioavailability. However, there was a difference in the enhancement of bioavailability between Bio-Ori-NLCs and conventional NLCs. Although severe lipolyses happened both on Bio-Ori-NLCs and non-modified NLCs, the performance of Bio-Ori-NLCs in the bioavailability improvement was more significant. Overall, Bio-Ori-NLCs can further promote the oral absorption of Ori by a ligand-mediated active transport. It may be a promising carrier for the oral delivery of Ori.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Biological Availability', 'Biotin', 'Diterpenes, Kaurane', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Ligands', 'Lipids', 'Nanostructures', 'Permeability', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Solubility']
| 25,556,104
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D02.455.849.291.239'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D10'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of colchicine against atrial fibrillation.
|
In recent years, colchicine has been used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events; in particular, it has been effectively used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). We first discovered that colchicine can treat AF in a rat model and that it can reverse the effects of atrial fibrosis. To illustrate the potential therapeutic mechanism of colchicine against AF, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses; our aim was to elucidate the therapeutic effects of colchicine so as to improve treatment and prognoses of AF. Genomics and bioinformatics analyses revealed that the IL-17 signaling pathway, and renin secretion pathway are involved in the mechanism of action of colchicine. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between overlapping genes in the two groups of differentially expressed genes. The genes encoding Akap4, Pcdha9, Gp2, Cd177, Krt15, Aqp3, Chia, and Bpifb1 were pivotal and possible action sites for the therapeutic mechanisms of colchicine. We conclude that AF involves a multifactorial pathological process. The mechanisms underlying the action of colchicine in the treatment of AF warrant further studies.
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Colchicine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Down-Regulation', 'Electrocardiography', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Ontology', 'Heart Atria', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Transcriptome', 'Up-Regulation']
| 31,514,070
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['D03.132.225'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E05.393.332'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
NADPH mediates the inactivation of bovine liver catalase by monochloroamine.
|
Bovine liver catalase suffered a biphasic inactivation when exposed to NH2Cl. A rapid and irreversible phase of activity loss was followed by a much slower and reversible inactivation. Removal of tightly bound NADPH from the enzyme decreased the extent of the rapid phase; whereas addition of NADPH augmented it. The catalase from Aspergillus niger, which does not contain bound NADPH, was not nearly as sensitive toward NH2Cl as was the liver enzyme and was not sensitized by added NADPH. NADPH is oxidized by NH2Cl, as evidenced by loss of the 340-nm absorption band, but the product of this oxidation was not NADP+. The rapid inactivation of liver catalase by NH2Cl was accompanied by some bleaching of the bands in the visible, while the slow inactivation was coincident with the appearance of a new band at 570 nm. A tentative explanation for these observations is proposed.
|
['Ammonium Chloride', 'Animals', 'Aspergillus niger', 'Catalase', 'Cattle', 'Chloramines', 'Liver', 'NADP', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Taurine']
| 3,421,706
|
[['D01.210.450.150.050', 'D01.625.062.249'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D01.210.150', 'D02.092.348'], ['A03.620'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Altered reward processing in women recovered from anorexia nervosa.
|
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with anorexia nervosa are known to be ascetic and able to sustain self-denial of food as well as most comforts and pleasures in life. Building on previous findings of altered striatal dopamine binding in anorexia nervosa, the authors sought to assess the response of the anterior ventral striatum to reward and loss in this disorder.METHOD: Striatal responses to a simple monetary reward task were investigated using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. To avoid the confounding effects of malnutrition, the authors compared 13 healthy comparison women and 13 women who had recovered from restricting-type anorexia nervosa and had 1 year of normal weight and regular menstrual cycles, without binge eating or purging.RESULTS: Recovered women showed greater hemodynamic activation in the caudate than comparison women. Only the recovered women showed a significant positive relationship between trait anxiety and the percentage change in hemodynamic signal in the caudate during either wins or losses. In contrast, in the anterior ventral striatum, comparison women distinguished positive and negative feedback, whereas recovered women had similar responses to both conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who have recovered from anorexia nervosa may have difficulties in differentiating positive and negative feedback. The exaggerated activation of the caudate, a region involved in linking action to outcome, may constitute an attempt at "strategic" (as opposed to hedonic) means of responding to reward stimuli. The authors hypothesize that individuals with anorexia nervosa have an imbalance in information processing, with impaired ability to identify the emotional significance of a stimulus but increased traffic in neurocircuits concerned with planning and consequences.
|
['Adult', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Brain Mapping', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Feedback', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Gambling', 'Games, Experimental', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Nutritional Status', 'Oxygen', 'Reward', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,056,239
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.400.125'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['E05.385'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['F02.463.425.770.836'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mortality and incidence of cancer in a cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps: an extended follow up study.
|
Despite 200 years of efforts to regulate safety in this occupation, chimney sweeps have increased mortality from cancer, ischaemic heart disease, and respiratory disease. Mortality and incidence of cancer were examined in a cohort of 5542 Swedish chimney sweeps employed through their national trade union at any time between 1918 and 1980. Previous studies of this cohort found increased risks of ischaemic heart disease, respiratory disease, accidental deaths, and various neoplasms. By increasing follow up, we sought to increase the power of the study and examine disease time trends. Mortality analysis was extended 7.5 years to cover the period 1951-90; cancer incidence analysis was extended six years to cover the period 1958-87. New findings include increased incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (SMR 169, 95% CI 106-256, 22 observed) and increased incidence of total haematolymphatic cancers (SIR 151, 95% CI 106-209, 36 observed). When only the most recent follow up period was analysed, previously observed risks persisted for total lung cancer (SIR 178, 95% CI 99-293), oat cell lung cancer (SIR 240, 95% CI 103-472), bladder cancer (SIR 247, 95% CI 131-422), and oesophageal cancer (Obs/Exp = 2/1.1). Mortality from ischaemic heart disease (SMR 98, 95% CI 76-123) and respiratory disease (SMR 111, 95% CI 56-199) declined during recent follow up, although significant excess mortality remained during analysis of the entire study period (ischaemic heart disease SMR 128, 95% CI 112-145; respiratory disease SMR 159, 95% CI 115-213). In analyses of the entire study period, risks of ischaemic heart disease and lung, bladder, and oesophageal cancer were adjusted for smoking; oesophageal cancer was also adjusted for use of alcohol. All risks remained significantly raised. Exposure-response analyses showed significant positive associations between duration of employment and risks for mortality from lung, oesophageal, and total cancer. Chimney sweeps remain at increased risk for cancers of the lung, oesophagus, and bladder. Our study supports a casual role for exposure to chimney soot, which contains carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Extended follow up of this cohort now shows increased risks of prostate and haematolymphatic cancers.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Industry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Sweden', 'Time Factors']
| 8,507,598
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['J01.576'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
FOXP2: novel exons, splice variants, and CAG repeat length stability.
|
FOXP2 is a transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract, a zinc-finger motif, and a forkhead DNA-binding domain. The FOXP2 gene is located on 7q31. A missense mutation in the forkhead domain (exon 14) and a balanced reciprocal translocation t(5;7)(q22;q31.2) with a breakpoint between exons 3b and 4 have recently been associated with a speech and language disorder (SPCH1). The role of FOXP2 in this neurodevelopmental disorder suggests that mutations in FOXP2 could cause other neuropsychiatric disorders. To begin investigation of this possibility, we examined the genomic structure and CAG/CAA repeat region of FOXP2. We detected little polymorphism and no expansions in the FOXP2 CAG/CAA repeat in 142 individuals with progressive movement disorders. We found evidence of alternate splice variants and six previously undetected exons: three 5' untranslated exons (s1, s2, s3), two additional untranslated exons (2a and 2b) between exons 2 and 3, a translated exon (4a) between exons 4 and 5, and a longer version of exon 10 (10+) that contains an alternate stop codon and produces a truncated protein (FOXP2-S). Our results suggest that FOXP2 spans at least 603 kb of genomic DNA, more than twice the previously defined region, and provide evidence of a promoter region flanking exon s1. This demonstration of additional FOXP2 exons and splice variants should facilitate understanding of FOXP2 function and the search for additional FOXP2 mutations.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Brain Chemistry', 'DNA Primers', 'Exons', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Movement Disorders', 'Mutation', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription Factors', 'Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion', 'Untranslated Regions']
| 12,189,486
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C10.228.662'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.140.865', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.850.200', 'G05.360.080.708.800.074.865', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.850.200', 'G05.360.340.024.189.220.865', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.850.200', 'G05.365.590.220.865', 'G05.558.220.865'], ['D13.444.735.544.875', 'D13.444.735.790.878', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enzymatic hydrolysis of agar: purification and characterization of beta-neoagarotetraose hydrolase from Pseudomonas atlantica.
|
Agarose is degraded by a beta-agarase from Pseudomonas atlantica to neoagarooligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (DP), 4, 6, 8, and 10. A beta-neoagarotetraose hydrolase cleaves the central beta-linkage in neoagarotetraose and the beta-linkage near the nonreducing end in neoagarohexaose and -octaose to yield neoagarobiose. The beta-neoagarotetraose hydrolase was localized on or outside the cytoplasmic membrane, in the cell wall region. The enzyme was activated by NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MnCl2, and MgSO4, has a Km of 3.4 X 10(-3) M for neoagarotetraose, was free from beta-agarase and alpha-neoagarobiose hydrolase activity, and showed no transglycosidic activity.
|
['Agar', 'Cell Membrane', 'Diazonium Compounds', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Galactosidases', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Pseudomonas', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 17,463
|
[['D09.698.360.041'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.172.383'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.450.410'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography of Brown Adipose Tissue.
|
MSOT has revolutionized biomedical imaging because it allows anatomical, functional, and molecular imaging of deep tissues in vivo in an entirely noninvasive, label-free, and real-time manner. This imaging modality works by pulsing light onto tissue, triggering the production of acoustic waves, which can be collected and reconstructed to provide high-resolution images of features as deep as several centimeters below the body surface. Advances in hardware and software continue to bring MSOT closer to clinical translation. Most recently, a clinical handheld MSOT system has been used to image brown fat tissue (BAT) and its metabolic activity by directly resolving the spectral signatures of hemoglobin and lipids. This opens up new possibilities for studying BAT physiology and its role in metabolic disease without the need to inject animals or humans with contrast agents. In this chapter, we overview how MSOT works and how it has been implemented in preclinical and clinical contexts. We focus on our recent work using MSOT to image BAT in resting and activated states both in mice and humans.
|
['Adipose Tissue, Brown', 'Animals', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Photoacoustic Techniques', 'Tomography']
| 29,896,652
|
[['A10.165.114.322'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.565', 'E05.696'], ['E01.370.350.825']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chain cleavage and sulfoxidation of thiastearoyl-ACP upon reaction with stearoyl-ACP desaturase.
|
The fatty acid analogues 9- and 10-thiastearate were converted to acyl-ACP derivatives by in vitro enzymatic synthesis and reacted with the reconstituted soluble stearoyl-ACP Delta9 desaturase complex. Electrospray ionization mass spectral analysis of the acyl chains purified from the reaction mixtures showed that 10-thiastearoyl-ACP was converted to the 10-sulfoxide as the sole product. In the presence of (18)O(2), the sulfoxide oxygen was found to be derived exclusively from O(2). This result confirms the ability of the soluble stearoyl-ACP desaturase to catalyze O atom transfer in the presence of the appropriate substrate analogue. Inhibition studies showed that 10-thiastearoyl-ACP was a mixed-type inhibitor of 18:0-ACP, with an apparent K(I) of approximately 10 microM. Comparable reactions of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase complex with 9-thiastearoyl-ACP gave the 9-sulfoxide as approximately 5% of the total products, with the O atom again exclusively derived from O(2). The remaining 95% of the total products arose from an acyl chain cleavage reaction between S-9 and C-10. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectral analysis showed that 9-thiastearoyl-ACP had a mass of 9443 amu while the acyl chain cleavage product had a mass of 9322 amu, corresponding to the calculated mass of 8-mercaptooctanoyl-ACP. Recovery of the acyl chain from the ACP product gave the disulfide of 8-mercaptooctanoate (mass of 349.1 amu), arising from the dimerization of 8-mercaptooctanoate during product workup. Gas chromatography-mass spectral analysis also showed the accumulation of nonanal in sealed reaction vials, accounting for the other product of the acyl chain cleavage reaction. The reactivity at both the 9 and 10 positions of the thia-substituted acyl-ACPs is consistent with the proximity of both positions to the diiron center oxidant in the enzyme-substrate complex. Moreover, the differential reactivity of the 9- and 10-thiastearoyl-ACPs also suggests position-dependent consequences of the reaction within the Delta9D active site. Mechanisms accounting for both sulfoxidation and acyl cleavage reactions by the stearoyl-ACP Delta9 desaturase are proposed.
|
['Acyl Carrier Protein', 'Plant Proteins', 'Spinacia oleracea']
| 12,820,892
|
[['D12.776.157.050'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.200.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Control of transcription by nucleoid proteins.
|
Nucleoid proteins are a group of abundant DNA binding proteins that modulate the structure of the bacterial chromosome. They have been recruited as specific negative and positive regulators of gene transcription and their fluctuating patterns of expression are often exploited to impart an additional level of control with respect to environmental conditions.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 11,282,470
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hypoxemia associated with feeding in the preterm infant and full-term neonate.
|
Polygraphic monitoring studies were performed on more than 150 older preterm infants (postconceptional ages of 36 weeks or more) and full-term neonates to evaluate unexplained or persistent apnea. During polygraphic monitoring, 16 infants were observed to have hypoxemia associated with feedings. The feeding hypoxemia was accompanied by irregular respiratory effort and preceded any associated bradycardia. A comparison group of eight infants with similar gestational and postconceptional ages, but without feeding hypoxemia, was selected retrospectively from other infants referred for evaluation of persistent or unexplained apnea. The group with feeding hypoxemia showed evidence of CNS compromise as manifested by significant elevations of the maximum end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure during sleep and abnormal computed tomograms (7/11 v 0/5 in the comparison group). There was no relationship between feeding hypoxemia and sleep apnea or gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical follow-up showed that the feeding hypoxemia resolved with maturation.
|
['Apnea', 'Bottle Feeding', 'Bradycardia', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Respiratory Center', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sleep, REM']
| 6,428,217
|
[['C08.618.085', 'C23.888.852.130'], ['E02.421.150', 'F01.145.407.099', 'G07.203.650.220.500.250', 'G07.203.650.353.099'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614.521'], ['E01.370.520'], ['A08.186.211.132.772.646'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Human macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity of Schistosoma mansoni. Functional and structural features of the effector cells.
|
Human monocytes were purified from peripheral blood and cultured in vitro on hydrophobic membranes. Such cells developed into mature tissue-type macrophages after approximately 1 week in culture. During this maturation period the macrophages developed a potent cytotoxic mechanism whereby they could kill the schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Cytological and ultrastructural studies of the cells grown in vitro indicated that macrophages developed many of the classical histological and ultrastructural features of 'activated' cells with ruffled plasma membranes and significant increases in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi vesicles. Effective cytotoxicity depended upon contact of the effector cells and their parasite target. Further, experiments using metabolic inhibitors indicated that cytotoxicity was dependent upon protein synthesis. Initial results point to the macrophage factor being distinct from some of the better-characterised macrophage secretory products such as tumour necrosis factor, proteases and products of oxygen metabolism.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Schistosoma mansoni']
| 2,630,567
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of Aryldifluoroamides by Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling.
|
A copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl iodides with á-silyldifluoroamides is reported. The reaction forms á,á-difluoro-á-aryl amides from electron-rich, electron-poor, and sterically hindered aryl iodides in high yield and tolerates a variety of functional groups. The aryldifluoroamide products can be transformed further to provide access to a diverse array of difluoroalkylarenes, including compounds of potential biological interest.
|
['Amides', 'Catalysis', 'Copper', 'Fluorine']
| 26,929,068
|
[['D02.065'], ['G02.130'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D01.268.380.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Free recall memory performance after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
|
Memory deficits for survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are common, however, the nature of these deficits is not well understood. In this study, 24 patients with SAH and matched control participants were asked to study six lists containing words from four different categories. For half the lists, the categories were presented together (organized lists). For the remaining lists, the related words were presented randomly to maximize the use of executive processes such as strategy and organization (unorganized lists). Across adjoining lists, there was overlap in the types of categories given, done to promote intrusions. Compared to control participants, SAH patients recalled a similar number of words for the organized lists, but significantly fewer words for the unorganized lists. SAH patients also reported more intrusions than their matched counterparts. Separating patients into anterior communicating artery ruptures (ACoA) and ruptures in other regions, there was a recall deficit only for the unorganized list for those with ACoA ruptures and deficits across both list types for other rupture locations. These results suggest that memory impairment following SAH is likely driven by impairment in the executive components of memory, particularly for those with ACoA ruptures. Such findings may help direct future cognitive-therapeutic programs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Attention', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage', 'Verbal Learning', 'Vocabulary']
| 22,325,677
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850'], ['F02.463.425.952'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A qualitative study of exercise in older African American and white women in rural South Carolina: perceptions, barriers, and motivations.
|
Six focus groups were conducted with underactive African American (n = 16) and white (n = 23) women aged 50 years and older, residing in a nonmetropolitan county in South Carolina, to examine perceptions, barriers, and motivators related to exercise. Transcripts were coded and codes were entered into NUD*IST to assist with organizing and reporting themes. Participants could not reach consensus on the frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise needed for older women, and emphasized that PA recommendations should consider age, health, and physical abilities. While benefits and barriers to exercise were similar to those found in other groups, the risk of "overdoing it," being "too old," and environmental barriers specific to rurality were unique. Exercise enablers were also similar to those found in other groups, but rural women discussed the role that the church played in supporting exercise. Other enablers included transportation, free facilities, and age-appropriate programs. Results indicate the need to tailor recommendations and advice to older women, and to consider the rural context in which they live.
|
['African Americans', 'Aged', 'Attitude to Health', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Qualitative Research', 'Rural Population', 'South Carolina']
| 15,914,418
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N01.600.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.662', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Spontaneous intrahepatic hemorrhage: a severe complication of the Hellp syndrome. Value of early radiologic diagnosis. Apropos of a case].
|
One case of spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage during a severe pre-eclampsia and Hellp syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, low platelet count) is reported. This serious complication can be detected by ultrasonography and C.T. The normal sonographic appearance of the liver must prompt a new sonographic examination as soon as possible. C.T. of the abdomen confirmes the diagnosis and delineates the lesions more precisely. It is suggested that with the availability of ultrasound and computed tomography to diagnose and stage the hepatic hemorrhage, they have a systematic indication during the Hellp syndrome.
|
['Adult', 'Anemia, Hemolytic', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Platelet Count', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Syndrome', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,693,702
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.141'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of shear bond strength of resin reinforced chemical cure glass ionomer, conventional chemical cure glass ionomer and chemical cure composite resin in direct bonding systems: an in vitro study.
|
The acid pretreatment and use of composite resins as the bonding medium has disadvantages like scratching and loss of surface enamel, decalcification, etc. To overcome disadvantages of composite resins, glass ionomers and its modifications are being used for bonding. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of resin reinforced glass ionomer as a direct bonding system with conventional glass ionomer cement and composite resin. The study showed that shear bond strength of composite resin has the higher value than both resin reinforced glass ionomer and conventional glass ionomer cement in both 1 and 24 hours duration and it increased from 1 to 24 hours in all groups. The shear bond strength of resin reinforced glass ionomer cement was higher than the conventional glass ionomer cement in both 1 and 24 hours duration. Conditioning with polyacrylic acid improved the bond strength of resin reinforced glass ionomer cement significantly but not statistically significant in the case of conventional glass ionomer cement.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Acrylic Resins', 'Aluminum Silicates', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Orthodontic Brackets', 'Phosphoric Acids', 'Resin Cements', 'Self-Curing of Dental Resins', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 23,579,887
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['D01.056.050.075', 'D01.578.725.025', 'D01.650.550.050.075', 'D01.837.725.700.760.050'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.095'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['E06.308'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E06.658.453.255.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675', 'D01.695.625.675'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['E06.095.850'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Femoral head stress fracture: an unknown complication following Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy.
|
Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy, as a treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, has variable success rates. Its known complications include: progressive varus deformity, femoral neck fracture, and femoral head collapse. However, femoral head stress fracture has not been described as a complication of Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy. This article presents cases of 2 of 64 patients who underwent Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy between 1994 and 2006 and experienced femoral head stress fractures. Both patients were young and active. They presented with acute inability to bear weight and pain on the operated hip after mountain climbing 1 and a half to 3 years following the index surgery. Diagnosis of femoral head stress fracture was established by the presence of an inferolaterally-directed vertical fracture line from the superolateral aspect of the femoral head on computed tomography scans for both patients. One patient was successfully managed with conservative measures, whereas the other underwent total hip replacement after failed conservative treatment. We hypothesize that the direction alteration of the trabecular system due to proximal femoral segment rotation, varus positioning of the proximal femur, and inadequate placement of the screw into the necrotic femoral head may have caused the femoral head stress fractures after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomies. Stress fracture of the femoral head is a potential complication following Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, which may be prevented by avoiding heavy exercises such as mountain climbing, until adequate remodeling of the trabecular system is gained and screws can be inserted into the femoral head subchondral bone as deeply as possible with avoidance of the necrotic area.
|
['Adult', 'Femoral Neck Fractures', 'Fractures, Stress', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteonecrosis', 'Osteotomy', 'Radiography', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,410,119
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.404.061.425.500', 'C26.531.750.500', 'C26.558.276.425.500'], ['C26.404.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.852', 'C23.550.717.732'], ['E04.555.580'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Prevention of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in the liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl Power Plant].
|
The examination of 1450 patients-participants of elimination consequences after Chernobyl accident has revealed reasons of disablement: mental amd neurologic diseases -32%; cardiologic -28%; oncologic -13%; traumatic -14%. The reason of death in 60% were cardiologic diseases. Arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction were revealed among participants of 1986 in 85% and 1987 only in 15%. There were revealed high efficiency of myocardial infarction's prophylactic by means of prescription hypoholesterinemic preparations.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Power Plants', 'Pravastatin', 'Radioactive Hazard Release', 'Simvastatin', 'Ukraine']
| 10,366,958
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['J01.780', 'J03.540.680'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.930', 'D04.615.638.930'], ['N06.850.135.848'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400.900', 'D04.615.638.400.900'], ['Z01.542.248.960', 'Z01.542.931.960', 'Z01.586.950.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mutational analysis of phosphorylation sites in the Dictyostelium myosin II tail: disruption of myosin function by a single charge change.
|
The dynamic assembly/disassembly of non-muscle myosin II filaments is critical for the regulation of enzymatic activities and localization. Phosphorylation of three threonines, 1823, 1833 and 2029, in the tail of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin II has been implicated in control of myosin filament assembly. By systematically replacing the three threonines to aspartates, mimicking a phosphorylated residue, we found that position 1823 is the most critical one for the regulation of myosin filament formation and in vivo function. Surprisingly, a single charge change is able to perturb filament formation and in vivo function of myosin II.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Dictyostelium', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Myosins', 'Phosphorylation']
| 10,682,841
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Levels of plasma angiotensin-(1-7) in patients with hypertension who have the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme deletion/deletion genotype.
|
In patients with hypertension who have the DD-ACE genotype (higher angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] activity), plasma levels of angiotensin-(1-7) are 4 times lower than in patients with the II-ACE genotype (lower ACE levels). Angiotensin II levels are similar in both groups.
|
['Adult', 'Angiotensin I', 'Angiotensin II', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 12,972,127
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.094.075', 'D12.644.400.070.075', 'D12.644.456.073.021', 'D12.644.548.058.075', 'D12.776.631.650.070.075', 'D23.469.050.050.025'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Time course of diaphragm function recovery after controlled mechanical ventilation in rats.
|
Controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) is known to result in rapid and severe diaphragmatic dysfunction, but the recovery response of the diaphragm to normal function after CMV is unknown. Therefore, we examined the time course of diaphragm function recovery in an animal model of CMV. Healthy rats were submitted to CMV for 24-27 h (n = 16), or to 24-h CMV followed by either 1 h (CMV + 1 h SB, n = 9), 2 h (CMV + 2 h SB, n = 9), 3 h (CMV + 3 h SB, n = 9), or 4-7 h (CMV + 4-7 h SB, n = 9) of spontaneous breathing (SB). At the end of the experiment, the diaphragm muscle was excised for functional and biochemical analysis. The in vitro diaphragm force was significantly improved in the CMV + 3 h SB and CMV + 4-7 h SB groups compared with CMV (maximal tetanic force: +27%, P < 0.05, and +59%, P < 0.001, respectively). This was associated with an increase in the type IIx/b fiber dimensions (P < 0.05). Neutrophil influx was increased in the CMV + 4-7 h SB group (P < 0.05), while macrophage numbers remained unchanged. Markers of protein synthesis (phosphorylated Akt and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1) were significantly increased (±40%, P < 0.001, and ±52%, P < 0.01, respectively) in the CMV + 3 h SB and CMV + 4-7 h SB groups and were positively correlated with diaphragm force (P < 0.05). Finally, also the maximal specific force generation of skinned single diaphragm fibers was increased in the CMV + 4-7 h SB group compared with CMV (+45%, P < 0.05). In rats, reloading the diaphragm for 3 h after CMV is sufficient to improve diaphragm function, while complete recovery occurs after longer periods of reloading. Enhanced muscle fiber dimensions, increased protein synthesis, and improved intrinsic contractile properties of diaphragm muscle fibers may have contributed to diaphragm function recovery.
|
['Animals', 'Calpain', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Caspase 3', 'Diaphragm', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Neutrophils', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Proteolysis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Recovery of Function', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Time Factors', 'Ventilator Weaning']
| 23,845,980
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.120', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.120'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['E05.598'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G16.757'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E02.041.625.950', 'E02.880.820.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of sex on comparative outcomes of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: a pre-specified analysis of the MATRIX trial.
|
AIMS: Our aim was to assess whether bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH) is associated with consistent outcomes in males and females with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing invasive management.METHODS AND RESULTS: In the MATRIX programme, 7,213 patients were randomised to bivalirudin or UFH. Patients in the bivalirudin group were subsequently randomly assigned to receive or not a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion. The 30-day co-primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and net adverse clinical events (NACE), defined as MACE or major bleeding. The primary outcome for the comparison of a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion with no post-PCI infusion was a composite of urgent target vessel revascularisation (TVR), definite stent thrombosis (ST), or NACE. The rate of MACE was not significantly lower with bivalirudin than with heparin in male (rate ratio [RR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75-1.07; p=0.22) and female patients (RR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.80-1.40; p=0.67) without significant interaction (pint=0.31), nor was the rate of NACE (males: RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.01; p=0.07; females: RR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.76-1.28; p=0.91; pint=0.38). Post-PCI bivalirudin infusion, as compared with no infusion, did not significantly decrease the rate of urgent TVR, definite ST, or NACE (males: RR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.66-1.07; p=0.15; females: RR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.74-1.53; p=0.74; pint=0.28).CONCLUSIONS: In ACS patients, the rates of MACE and NACE were not significantly lower with bivalirudin than with UFH in both sexes. The rate of the composite of urgent TVR, definite ST, or NACE was not significantly lower with a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion than with no post-PCI infusion in both sexes.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Anticoagulants', 'Antithrombins', 'Female', 'Heparin', 'Hirudins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,769,167
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['D12.644.861.060.875', 'D12.776.872.060.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Binding by immunoglobulin to the HPV-16-derived proteins L1 and E4 in cervical secretions of women with HPV-related cervical disease.
|
Although DNA of the human papillomaviruses (HPV) can be identified in epithelium of a large proportion of patients with genital squamous lesions, relatively little is known about the extent of the local host immune response to this virus. We analyzed cervical secretions from patients undergoing evaluation because of abnormal Papanicolaou smears (cervical biopsy showed nonspecific atypia, flat condyloma, or intraepithelial neoplasia), as well as controls, for immunoglobulin binding to proteins produced in vitro to HPV-16 L1, E4, and E7 open reading frames. Segments of the HPV-16 genome, including portions of the L1 (nucleotides 6153-6794), E4 (nucleotides 3399-3648), and E7 (nucleotides 686-880) open reading frames, were cloned into pATH vectors and expressed as tryptophan synthetase E fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and used as a source of study antigens. Fusion proteins containing the HPV L1, E4, and E7 polypeptides were found to be distinct by molecular weight (59,000; 45,000; and 42,000) as well as by immunological determinants recognized by heterologous immune sera. Of 8 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions tested by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization, 7 were found to be positive for HPV-16-related nucleic acids, in contrast to none (0 of 4) in the condyloma group (three positive for HPV DNA other than type 16). Immunoglobulin in cervical secretions showed reactivity to HPV type 16 E4 or L1 or both, with highest binding in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (P less than 0.01 for HPV-16 L1 and E4 compared with controls). Binding was not tryptophan synthetase E dependent and was, in general, coincident for the HPV-16 E4 and L1 proteins. We conclude that study of cervical secretions, using a quantitative assay for immunoglobulin binding to HPV-16 proteins produced in vitro, may be useful to document the quality and quantity of the immune response of the host to this important human pathogen.
|
['Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Female', 'Genes, Viral', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Oncogene Proteins, Viral', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 1,651,158
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['D12.776.624.664.520', 'D12.776.964.700'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['C01.925.928'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retrospective motion gating in cardiac MRI using a simultaneously acquired navigator.
|
A simultaneous acquisition technique of image and navigator signals (simultaneously acquired navigator, SIMNAV) is proposed for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in Cartesian coordinates. To simultaneously acquire both image and navigator signals, a conventional balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence is modified by adding a radiofrequency (RF) pulse, which excites a supplementary slice for the navigator signal. Alternating phases of the RF pulses make it easy to separate the simultaneously acquired magnetic resonance data into image and navigator signals. The navigator signals of the proposed SIMNAV were compared with those of current gating devices and self-gating techniques for seven healthy subjects. In vivo experiments demonstrated that SIMNAV could provide cardiac cine images with sufficient image quality, similar to those from electrocardiogram (ECG) gating with breath-hold. SIMNAV can be used to acquire a cardiac cine image without requiring an ECG device and breath-hold, whilst maintaining feasible imaging time efficiency.
|
['Adult', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Motion', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Respiration', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 29,266,452
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['G01.482'], ['E07.671'], ['G09.772.705'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Retinal vascular microfolds in highly myopic eyes.
|
PURPOSE: Retinal microfolds attributable to retinal vessels were first observed after vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis and were believed to indicate inward retinal traction, possibly leading to high myopia-specific retinal diseases. We report retinal microfolds in high myopia without vitrectomy.DESIGN: Observational case series.METHODS: This is an institutional study. Seven eyes of seven patients in which retinal microfolds were observed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) were included in the study. We used an OCT-ophthalmoscope to confirm the precise location of the microfolds. We also investigated the relationship between the presence of microfolds and subjective distortion detected by examination of the corresponding retinal area using the Amsler grid chart in three eyes.RESULTS: All microfolds detected by OCT coincided with the retinal vessels using the OCT-ophthalmoscope. The folds coincided only with the retinal arterioles in six eyes (86%) and with both arterioles and veins in one (14%). Subjective distortion was detected in the retinal area corresponding to the microfolds in two eyes (67%) but was not detected in one eye (33%).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of retinal microfolds is 2.9%, and thus they are not uncommon in highly myopic eyes without vitrectomy. The coincident appearance of the folds and vessels suggests that inflexibility of the retinal vessels and retinal stretching attributable to ocular elongation may cause the microfolds. The presence of these microfolds indicates that inward retinal vascular traction could be common in highly myopic eyes.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myopia', 'Ophthalmoscopy', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Retinal Vessels', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 15,808,161
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744.636'], ['E01.370.380.560'], ['C11.768'], ['A07.015.611'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A randomised, placebo-controlled 24-week study evaluating adjunctive brexpiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate brexpiprazole adjunctive to antidepressant therapies (ADTs) as maintenance treatment in patients with major depressive disorder with inadequate response to ADT, utilising a novel study design.METHODS: The study comprised an 8-week prospective treatment period with open-label ADT with double-blind placebo treatment and a 24-week randomised treatment period. Investigators and patients were blinded to treatment periods, randomisation criteria, and timing of randomisation. Patients with early response to open-label ADT were withdrawn at Week 6. Patients fulfilling criteria for inadequate response were randomised to ADT+brexpiprazole 1-3 mg/day, or ADT+placebo. The primary endpoint was full remission: Montgomery-?sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ?10 and ?50% decrease from randomisation (i.e. baseline) in MADRS total score for at least 8 consecutive weeks.RESULTS: The primary efficacy analysis failed to show a statistically significant difference between the proportions of patients on ADT+brexpiprazole (21.4%) and ADT+placebo (24.9%) achieving full remission; odds ratio: 0.83; p=0.2641. The secondary endpoint of change from baseline to Week 6 in MADRS total score showed no difference between ADT+brexpiprazole and ADT+placebo (-0.4; p=0.3259). The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) in patients receiving ADT+brexpiprazole was weight increased (9.5% vs. 5.0% in ADT+placebo). The incidence of TEAEs leading to withdrawal in the randomised treatment period was 6.3% in the ADT+brexpiprazole group and 3.4% in the ADT+placebo group.CONCLUSION: Adjunctive brexpiprazole did not differentiate from ADT+placebo on the primary endpoint of full remission. A number of design elements in this previously untried study design may have contributed to the study result. Brexpiprazole was well tolerated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quinolones', 'Serotonin Agents', 'Thiophenes', 'Young Adult']
| 30,223,911
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['D27.505.519.625.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Therapeutic effects of different doses of polyethylene glycosylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 on ulcerative colitis in male rats.
|
BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycosylated (PEGylated) porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (pGLP-2) considerably increases half-life and stability compared with the native pGLP-2, but the effective dose for intestinal damage is still unclear. This study aims to evaluate the available dose of polyethylene glycosylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (PEG-pGLP-2), a modified, long-acting form of pGLP-2 in an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis.METHODS: Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control, dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), DSS + PEG-pGLP-2(L), DSS + PEG-pGLP-2(M) and DSS + PEG-pGLP-2(H). Rats in control group received only water; other rats were fed with 5% (w/v) DSS and intraperitoneally administered with 12.5, 25 and 100 nmol/kg PEG-pGLP-2 daily for 6 days.RESULTS: Compared with the control treatment, DSS treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body weight change, colonic length, duodenal villus height and expression of zonula occludens-1, whereas significantly (p < 0.05) increased colonic damage score and expression of claudin-1, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-7, IL-10, interferon-ã and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-á in colon. However, the three doses of PEG-pGLP-2 all reduced these effects; these treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased body weight change and duodenal villus height, whereas significantly (p < 0.05) decreased colonic damage score and expression of IL-1, IL-7 and TNF-á in colon. Specifically, low-dose (12.5 nmol/kg/d) PEG-pGLP-2 was effective.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that PEG-pGLP-2 is a novel and potentially effective therapy for intestinal healing in a relatively low dose.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Claudin-1', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Colon', 'Cytokines', 'Dextran Sulfate', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Duodenum', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 2', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Rats', 'Zonula Occludens-1 Protein']
| 28,259,136
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D12.776.543.940.200.100'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D09.698.365.272.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.750'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.940.900.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An Abandoned Copper Mining Site in Cyprus and Assessment of Metal Concentrations in Plants and Soil.
|
Mining is an important source of metal pollution in the environment and abandoned mines are extremely restricted habitats for plants. Some plant species growing on metalliferous soils around mine tailings and spoil-heaps are metal-tolerant and accumulate high concentrations of metals. In this investigation, we aimed to perform a research in the CMC-abandoned copper mining area in Lefke-North Cyprus to assess the recent metal pollution in soil and plant systems. We collected 16 soil samples and 25 plant species from 8 localities around the vicinity of tailing ponds. Some concentrations of metals in soil samples varied from 185 to 1023 mg kg(-1) Cu, 15.2 to 59.2 mg kg(-1) Ni, 2.3 to 73.6 mg kg(-1) Cd and metals for plants ranged from 0.135 to 283 mg kg(-1) Cu, 0.26 to 31.2 mg kg(-1) Ni, 0.143 to 277 mg kg(-1) Cd. Atriplex semibaccata, Acacia cyanophylla, Erodium spp., Inula viscosa, Juncus sp., Oxalis pes-caprea, Pistacia lentiscus, Senecio vulgaris and Tragopogon sinuatus accumulated higher concentrations. BCF for Atriplex semibaccata was found very high, for this reason this plant can tentatively be considered as a hyperaccumulator of Cu and Cd, but it needs further investigation for its potential in phytoremediation.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Cyprus', 'Magnoliopsida', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Tracheophyta']
| 25,976,876
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['Z01.542.580.500.300', 'Z01.639.640.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of anti-guinea-pig beta 2-microgloblin antibodies on lymphocyte transformation induced by specific antigens or mitogens.
|
The effects of a goat anti-guinea-pig beta 2-microglobulin antiserum (a beta 2m) on lymphocyte transformation, induced by specific antigens or mitogens, were studied. a beta 2m was found to exert inhibitory effects on antigen stimulation, with three different antigens (purified protein devivative, hen egg-white lysozyme, and ovalbumin), and on stimulation induced by the 'T-cell mitogens', concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin, and the 'mixed mitogen', pokeweed mitogen. Stimulation induced by the 'B-cell mitogens', dextran sulphate and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, did not seem to be inhibited to the same extent by a beta 2m. The inhibitory effects seemed specific, as they were not seen with a beta 2m that had been absorbed on a column with insolubilized purified guinea-pig beta 2m nor with normal goat serum. Time studies indicated that the inhibitions started already during the first day of culture.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Beta-Globulins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Concanavalin A', 'DNA', 'Goats', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Immune Sera', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Pokeweed Mitogens', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']
| 86,202
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of valsartan and captopril in patients with essential hypertension in Indonesia.
|
Adult Indonesian outpatients were randomised to receive either valsartan 80 mg once daily or captopril 25 mg twice daily for 8 weeks. The main criterion for tolerability was the incidence of adverse events. The primary efficacy variable was the change in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) from baseline to endpoint. No valsartan patients experienced dry cough, which was reported by 22 captopril patients (21.6%). Both drugs reduced mean SDBP and SSBP, with a trend in favour of valsartan. The percentage of valsartan patients whose BP normalised was higher than in captopril patients at week 4 (37% and 22%) and week 8 (45% and 34%), the difference being statistically significant at week 4 (p < 0.05). Valsartan 80 mg once daily is as effective as captopril 25 mg twice daily in reducing blood pressure in Indonesian patients, and has a better tolerability profile in respect of dry cough.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Captopril', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tetrazoles', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Valine', 'Valsartan']
| 10,563,070
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.129.617'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930'], ['D03.383.129.617.850', 'D12.125.070.950.550', 'D12.125.142.930.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of alpha-interferon, 17 beta-estradiol, and tamoxifen on estrogen receptor concentration and cell cycle kinetics of MCF 7 cells.
|
The interaction of alpha-interferon, 17 beta-estradiol, and tamoxifen on estrogen receptor content, growth fraction, proliferative rate, and total protein synthesis of MCF 7 cells was investigated under culture conditions (minus phenol red and at low concentrations of "stripped" fetal calf serum) allowing for direct stimulation of proliferation by estrogens. Exposure to estradiol alone resulted in a decrease of estrogen receptor content as measured by immunoassay, an increase of the proportion of cells in S phase, and increases in cell proliferation as well as total protein synthesis. alpha-Interferon treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest with reduced proliferation, an increase of estrogen receptor content, but a decrease in the rate of total protein synthesis. Pretreatment with alpha-interferon inhibited the estrogen induced stimulation of cell growth as well as the associated decrease of estrogen receptor content. Tamoxifen treatment resulted in decreased cell proliferation and decrease of estrogen receptor content and of total protein synthesis. These results suggest that the estrogen receptor concentration of MCF 7 cells is growth fraction related. Pretreatment with alpha-interferon enhanced the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on cell proliferation while preventing the tamoxifen induced reduction of estrogen receptor content. The synergistic effect of alpha-interferon and tamoxifen are most marked following 72 h pretreatment with interferon, when the maximum interferon induced increase of estrogen receptor concentration is evident. The mechanism is thus due probably to an increase of cellular receptor as a ligand for tamoxifen binding and suggests a possible role for the clinical use of interferons combined with tamoxifen.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Division', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon Type I', 'Kinetics', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tamoxifen', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,386,944
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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