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Biliary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
|
Cytokines are low-molecular-weight protein mediators that possess a wide spectrum of inflammatory, metabolic, and immunomodulatory properties. Cytokines have been shown to be produced by monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and more recently, hepatocytes and biliary epithelium. The aim of this study was to define biliary levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in various disease states. Fifty-four patients undergoing ERCP comprised the study group. IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured in aspirated bile using an ELISA technique. Levels of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with cholangitis (P < 0.00001). Moreover, IL-6 was 100% specific for cholangitis since none of the patients without bacterial cholangitis-including patients with biliary obstruction secondary to cholangiocarcinoma or pancreatic carcinoma-had measurable IL-6 in their bile. Low levels of biliary TNF-alpha were detectable in five patients without cholangitis; the sensitivity and specificity of TNF-alpha for cholangitis were 100% and 82%, respectively. There was a strong statistical correlation between biliary IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (r = 0.819, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the correlations between biliary cytokines and serum biochemical parameters were weak. These results suggest that IL-6 and TNF-alpha are sensitive markers for cholangitis and may differentiate it from other types of biliary tract disease.
|
['Bacterial Infections', 'Bile', 'Biliary Tract Diseases', 'Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde', 'Cholangitis', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 9,201,097
|
[['C01.150.252'], ['A12.200.087'], ['C06.130'], ['E01.370.350.700.715.200.200', 'E01.370.372.200.200', 'E01.370.372.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.160', 'E04.502.250.250.160'], ['C06.130.120.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Neural basis of auditory-induced shifts in visual time-order perception.
|
Attended objects are perceived to occur before unattended objects even when the two objects are presented simultaneously. This finding has led to the widespread view that attention modulates the speed of neural transmission in the various perceptual pathways. We recorded event-related potentials during a time-order judgment task to determine whether a reflexive shift of attention to a sudden sound modulates the speed of sensory processing in the human visual system. Attentional cueing influenced the perceived order of lateralized visual events but not the timing of event-related potentials in visual cortex. Attentional cueing did, however, enhance the amplitude of neural activity in visual cortex, which shows that attention-induced shifts in visual time-order perception can arise from modulations of signal strength rather than processing speed in the early visual-cortical pathways.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Auditory Perception', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cues', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Time Factors', 'Time Perception', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Perception']
| 16,056,224
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.593.857'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
T-cell compartment in synovial fluid of pediatric patients with JIA correlates with disease phenotype.
|
INTRODUCTION: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune disease where T cells are key players. It can be classified into two main clinical diseases: polyarticular and pauciarticular, based on the number of joints involved. Oligoarthritis, which is considered a pauciarticular subtype since it involves up to four joints upon presentation, is further divided into persistent or extended forms based on disease progression.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we assessed the T-cell compartment in synovial fluid obtained from 33 JIA patients with active disease and correlated the analyzed parameters with the patients' clinical characteristics. The T-cell compartment was determined by the representation of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires and the amount of TCR excision circles (TRECs).RESULTS: Patients with polyarticular disease have more a clonal pattern of their TCR repertoire. These findings were consistent in all tested TCR-Vã consensus primers. Similarly, patients with polyarticular disease had lower TREC levels than patients with pauciarticular disease. A predictive value of TRECs may be suggested, as lower TREC levels were observed in patients in whom disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs were initiated subsequently during the follow-up.CONCLUSION: In pediatric JIA patients, we showed an alteration in the T cells from synovial fluid, which correlated with disease phenotype, assumedly secondary to enhanced proliferation, clonal TCR restriction, and reduced T-cell production, possibly reflecting a different disease or a different course of disease progression.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Child', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genes, T-Cell Receptor', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Synovial Fluid', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 21,901,393
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Flavopiridol, a protein kinase inhibitor, down-regulates hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human monocytes.
|
We have investigated the effects of flavopiridol, a novel protein kinase inhibitor that is selective for cyclin-dependent kinases, on hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human monocytes. We found that hypoxia induces a time-dependent increase of VEGF mRNA expression and protein levels in human monocytes. Flavopiridol showed a minimal effect on the constitutive levels of VEGF mRNA but completely blocked hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA and protein expression. The inhibitory effects of flavopiridol on VEGF mRNA induction also occurred in the presence of cycloheximide. The transcriptional activation of either a VEGF promoter-luciferase construct or a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 reporter plasmid was not affected by addition of flavopiridol in transient transfection experiments. In contrast, actinomycin D experiments demonstrated that flavopiridol dramatically decreased VEGF mRNA stability. These data provide the first evidence that flavopiridol can affect gene expression by altering mRNA stability. We propose that flavopiridol may interfere with one or more signaling events, leading to hypoxia-induced, protein kinase-modulated, RNA protein binding activity. An important clinical implication of our results is that flavopiridol, presently under investigation in clinical trials, might have antiangiogenic as well as direct antiproliferative effects.
|
['Blotting, Northern', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Down-Regulation', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Flavonoids', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Luciferases', 'Lymphokines', 'Monocytes', 'Piperidines', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Time Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors']
| 10,554,012
|
[['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D12.644.276.390', 'D12.776.467.390', 'D23.529.390'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D12.644.276.100.800', 'D12.776.467.100.800', 'D23.529.100.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana identify novel roles for SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes in the control of heteroblasty.
|
Regulation of cell number and cell size is essential for controlling the shape and size of leaves. Here, we report a novel class of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, more and smaller cells 1 (msc1)-msc3, which have increased cell number and decreased cell size in leaves. msc1 has a miR156-resistant mutation in the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 15 (SPL15) gene. msc2 and msc3 are new alleles of paused and squint mutants, respectively. All msc mutants showed accelerated heteroblasty, a phenomenon in which several morphological traits of leaves change along with phase change. Consistent with this finding, in the wild type, leaves at higher nodes (adult leaves) also have increased cell number and reduced cell size compared with those at lower nodes (juvenile leaves). These facts indicate that precocious acquisition of adult leaf characteristics in the msc mutants may cause alterations in the number and size of cells, and that heteroblasty plays an important role in the regulation of cell number and size. In agreement with this suggestion, such heteroblasty-associated changes in cell number and size are severely inhibited by the constitutive overexpression of miR156 and are promoted by the elevated expression of miR156-insensitive forms of SPL genes. By contrast, rdr6, sgs3, zip, arf3 and arf4 mutations, which affect progression of heteroblasty, had little or no effect on number or size of cells. These results suggest that cell number and size are mainly regulated by an SPL-dependent pathway rather than by a tasiR-ARF-dependent pathway.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Karyopherins', 'MicroRNAs', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Leaves', 'Transcription Factors']
| 19,211,679
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D12.776.157.530.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.750.500', 'D12.776.660.502'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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[Diagnostic value of two immunoassays for detecting heparin/PF4 complex antibodies in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia].
|
Objectives: To assess the diagnostic values of latex immunoturbidimetric assay (LIA) and particle immunofiltration assay (PIFA) for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) . Methods: Samples from 94 patients with suspected HIT from May 2016 to July 2018 in our hospital were prospectively analyzed by the two immunoassays. Their medical records and further follow-up data were also collected and analyzed by our hematologists to make the 4Ts scores and confirm the diagnosis of HIT, respectively. Performance characteristics of the two immunoassays were assessed, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) . Their post-test probabilities (PTP) were also calculated based on the 4Ts score. Results: Among 94 cases, 15 (16.0%) had a positive HIT, including 6 of 37 (16.2%) with an intermediate, and 9 of 15 (60.0%) with a high 4Ts score. PIFA operating characteristics were: sensitivity 100.0% (15/15) , specificity 51.9% (41/80) , PPV 28.3% (15/53) , NPV 100.0% (41/41) . The positive PTP in intermediate and high 4Ts score group were 28.7% and 75.7%, respectively, while negative PTP were all 0. At manufacturers' cutoffs, LIA operating characteristics were: sensitivity 66.7% (10/15) , specificity 94.9% (75/79) , PPV 71.4% (10/14) and NPV 93.8% (75/80) . The positive and negative PTP in intermediate 4Ts score group were 71.8% and 6.3%, while 95.2% and 34.4% in high 4Ts score group, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis manifested that LIA was preferable than PIFA, and combining the 2 assays together was significantly better than single test. Conclusions: 4Ts score is still an important tool for the diagnosis of HIT. Combining clinical score with heparin/PF4 antibody assay can increase the accuracy of confirming or excluding HIT. Although PIFA is inferior to LIA in the diagnostic value, its user friendliness and 100% NPV have major advantages. Combining the 2 assays together can achieve a higher diagnostic value.
|
['Antibodies', 'Anticoagulants', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Platelet Factor 4', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 31,207,707
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.900', 'D12.776.124.125.720', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.900', 'D23.119.940', 'D23.125.300.120.900', 'D23.469.200.120.900', 'D23.529.374.200.120.900'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Galactosamine-induced alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in rats. Alterations in plasma glycoproteins and alpha 1-antitrypsin carbohydrate composition.
|
Administration of D-galactosamine (GalNH2) is known to produce alterations in plasma glycoprotein levels, including alpha 1-antitrypsin. The authors have studied the effects of GalNH2 on circulating protein bound carbohydrates and on the plasma concentrations of two alpha 1-antiproteases, transferrin, IgG, and albumin in rats. The alpha 1-antiproteases from GalNH2-treated rats were isolated and their molecular weight, isoelectric point, and carbohydrate composition compared with those of control rat alpha 1-antiproteases. Total plasma protein, albumin, and transferrin levels in the GalNH2-treated rats do not differ significantly from those of control rats. Plasma protein-bound carbohydrate is decreased significantly in the experimental animals, compared with controls: sialic acid decreased 60%, neutral sugars decreased 43%, and amino sugars decreased 38%. The concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) and a higher molecular weight alpha 1-antiprotease designated AP2 are decreased by 79% and 38%, respectively. AAT isolated from the plasma of GalNH2-treated rats contains 2-3 fewer moles of sialic acid, 3 fewer moles of neutral sugar, and 2 fewer moles of amino sugar per mole of antiprotease than AAT isolated from controls. AP2 from GalNH2-treated rats contains 1 fewer mole each of sialic acid, neutral sugar, and amino sugar per mole of antiprotease than AP2 from controls. These alterations are similar to those seen in humans with genetically determined alpha 1-antiprotease deficiency.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Proteins', 'Body Weight', 'Carbohydrates', 'Galactosamine', 'Glycoproteins', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Trypsin', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency']
| 3,493,700
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D09'], ['D09.067.342.356'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['A03.620'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['D12.644.861.035', 'D12.776.124.050.070', 'D12.776.124.790.106.085', 'D12.776.377.715.085.085', 'D12.776.395.068', 'D12.776.872.035'], ['C06.552.074', 'C08.381.112', 'C16.320.060', 'C23.550.325.500.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma. Case report with special reference to differential diagnosis].
|
We report the case of an ectopic hamartomatous thymoma in a 56-year-old male patient. The lesion arose subcutaneously in the supraclavicular region. Histologically, the well-circumscribed but unencapsulated tumour was composed of uniform fusiform tumour cells. In addition, mature fatty tissue, scattered T-lymphocytes, and an epithelial and a myoepithelial tumour cell component were found. The epithelial differentiation of the spindle cell tumour component was confirmed immunohistochemically and by electron microscopy. Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma has to be distinguished from ectopic cervical thymoma, thymolipoma, ectopic salivary tissue, teratoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumours, malignant epithelial tumours with thymus-like differentiation, biphasic synovial sarcoma, and skin adnexal tumours.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Choristoma', 'Clavicle', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Thymoma', 'Thymus Gland']
| 7,479,610
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C23.300.250'], ['A02.835.232.087.227'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.839'], ['C04.557.435.850', 'C04.588.894.949.500', 'C15.604.861.800'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cognitive task avoidance correlates with fatigue-induced performance decrement but not with subjective fatigue.
|
Mentally demanding tasks feel effortful and are usually avoided. Furthermore, prolonged cognitive engagement leads to mental fatigue, consisting of subjective feeling of exhaustion and decline in performance. Despite the intuitive characterization of fatigue as an increase in subjective effort perception, the effect of fatigue on effort cost has never been tested experimentally. To this end, sixty participants in 2 separate experiments underwent a forced-choice working memory task following either a fatigue-inducing (i.e. cognitive task involving working memory, conflict and switch costs) or a control manipulation. We measured fatigue in terms of subjective feeling and performance decrement and assessed effort in terms of subjective perception and task avoidance. Subjects exhibited only weak avoidance of the working memory task, with stronger influence of reward than task difficulty on their decisions. In addition, we found that task avoidance did not systematically change following the fatigue manipulation but that variations in task avoidance correlated with fatigue-induced performance decline. The other measures of fatigue and effort were unrelated to each other. Our findings suggest that subjective fatigue may develop independently of task avoidance and suggest an "anticipatory regulation" model in which fatigue urges subjects to stop in anticipation of possible, future adverse consequences.
|
['Adult', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Choice Behavior', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Mental Fatigue', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Young Adult']
| 29,936,122
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['C23.888.369.500', 'F01.145.126.937'], ['F04.711.513'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Proteomic analysis of neonatal mouse brain: evidence for hypoxia- and ischemia-induced dephosphorylation of collapsin response mediator proteins.
|
Perinatal hypoxia and ischemia (HI) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. To understand the molecular mechanisms for HI-induced brain damage, here we used a proteomic approach to analyze the alteration and modification of proteins in neonatal mouse brain 24 h after HI treatment. Significant changes of collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were observed in HI brain. CRMPs are a family of cytosolic proteins involved in axonal guidance and neuronal outgrowth. We found that CRMP2, CRMP4 and CRMP5 proteins were altered post-translationally after HI treatment. Mass spectrometric and Western blot analyses detected hypophosphorylated CRMP proteins after HI. Further analysis of CRMP kinases indicated inactivation of cyclin dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a priming kinase of CRMPs and a neuronal specific kinase that plays pivotal roles in neuronal development and survival. The reduction of CDK5 activity was associated with underexpression of its activator p35. Taken together, our findings reveal HI-induced dephosphorylation of CRMPs in neonatal brain and suggest a novel mechanism for this modification. Hypophosphorylated CRMPs might be implicated in the pathogenesis of HI-related neurological disorders.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Hippocampus', 'Hydrolases', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 18,471,005
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D08.811.277.087'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.875', 'D12.776.167.200.067.875', 'D12.776.476.250.067.875'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D08.811.277'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.717'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of a self-etching primer on enamel shear bond strengths and SEM morphology.
|
PURPOSE: To study a dental adhesive system containing a self-etching primer, by evaluating the enamel shear bond strengths and comparing the SEM interfacial morphology.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 flat enamel bonding sites were prepared to 600-grit on proximal surfaces of caries-free human molars. The bonding surfaces were treated with Clearfil Liner Bond 2 as recommended by the manufacturer, or combined with various acidic etchants. A composite rod (Clearfil Photo Anterior) was applied to the bonding area in two increments in a Teflon mold and polymerized for 100 s. After 24 h of water storage, the specimens were thermocycled and the shear bond strengths measured using an Instron testing machine. Forty extra molar crowns were roughened and treated with Clearfil Liner Bond 2 and alternative etchants, as described. A low-viscosity resin was bonded to the occlusal surfaces of these crowns, which were further demineralized and deproteinized. Field-Emission SEM examinations were carried out to evaluate the effects of different treatments on enamel surfaces.RESULTS: The mean shear bond strengths were in the range of 18.1 MPa to 25.9 MPa, without significant differences between pairs of means. The failures were predominantly of the adhesive type. The use of alternative etchants resulted in the deepest etching patterns. The use of Clearfil Liner Bond 2, according to manufacturer's directions, resulted in a poorly-defined etching pattern. Regardless of the alternative etchant used, the use of the self-etching primer did not affect the mean enamel shear bond strength.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Methacrylates', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Organophosphorus Compounds']
| 9,580,237
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E06.095'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D02.705']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vasculature of oligodendrogliomas.
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be implicated in tumour angiogenesis. In the present study immunohistochemical expression of VEGF was evaluated in 34 oligodendrogliomas (13 grade II, 21 grade III [WHO]). VEGF immunoreactivity was found in 31 of 34 cases. Expression of VEGF was observed in endothelial cells and some vascular smooth muscle cells, but not in neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Vessel counts, percentages of VEGF-positive vessels and vessels with vascular endothelial proliferation were assessed. The degree of VEGF labelling and vascular-endothelial proliferation in each vessel were evaluated using a 3 degree intensity score. Expression of VEGF was higher in grade III than in grade II oligodendrogliomas as assessed by percentage of VEGF positive vessels (55.8 +/- 29.2% vs 17.0 +/- 19.0% [P < 0.001]) and by VEGF immunostaining intensity (1.90 +/- 0.60 vs 0.90 +/- 0.40 [P < 0.001]). VEGF expression did not correlate with vessel density. Intensity of VEGF expression correlated positively with that of vascular-endothelial proliferation in grade III tumours (r = +0.47 [P < 0.05]). The percentage of VEGF positive vessels showed some degree of positive correlation with the percentage of vessels showing vascular-endothelial proliferation (r = +408 [P < 0.10]). Within individual grade III tumours 67.5 +/- 29.6% of all vessels with vascular-endothelial proliferation were VEGF-positive and 31.0 +/- 20.5% of all VEGF-positive vessels showed no evidence of vascular-endothelial proliferation. We conclude that (i) expression of VEGF is observed in the vasculature of oligodendrogliomas; (ii) marked expression of VEGF is observed in grade III oligodendrogliomas; (iii) VEGF may be one of the interrelated causative stimuli acting in concert to induce vascular-endothelial proliferation.
|
['Brain Neoplasms', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Oligodendroglioma', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 9,549,726
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D12.644.276.390', 'D12.776.467.390', 'D23.529.390'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.590', 'C04.557.470.670.380.590', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.590'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of bulk hydrated specimens: a method using gelatine standards.
|
A method of preparing and using gelatine blocks as standards for quantitative X-ray microanalysis of bulk hydrated tissue is described. Each series of standards had several constant and one variable element. The average deviations in the X-ray counts of the constant elements from the series means were used to correct the recorded count of the variable element in each block. This led to an improved linear relationship between X-ray counts and concentration. The elements tested, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium, were chosen as representatives of different parts of the X-ray spectrum. Sodium cannot be measured reliably below 50 mmol kg-1 wet weight, although phosphorus and potassium can be detected at concentrations of 5 mmol kg-1 wet weight. It is argued that this sensitivity of analysis is sufficient for studying electrolyte changes in certain pathological processes.
|
['Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Freezing', 'Gelatin', 'Phosphorus', 'Potassium', 'Sodium']
| 3,668,736
|
[['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['D12.776.860.476'], ['D01.268.666'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from soil to plants.
|
Within the scope of a joint project to study soil-to-plant carryover of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), five cultivated plants (spring wheat, oats, potatoes, maize, and perennial ryegrass) were sown or planted in Mitscherlich pots. Six variants per species were used, each with a different concentration level of PFOA and PFOS (from 0.25 to 50 mg/kg as aqueous solution) to detect possible concentration dependence in the transfer of these two PFCs from soil to plant. PFOA and PFOS were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after appropriate sample preparation (partial drying, mincing, homogenizing, extraction). Since PFOA and PFOS presently represent the most widely studied PFCs, they are classified as "leading compounds." The results show that concentrations of PFOA/PFOS in the plants vary greatly, depending on the concentrations applied to the soil. PFOA values were higher than PFOS values in all plants except potatoes, in which these differences could be quite substantial. From the results presented here it can be seen that uptake and storage are much more intensive in the vegetative portion of the plant than relocation in the storage organs. This is particularly evident from the the comparison of concentrations found in the grain and ear and those in the straw or rest of the plant in spring wheat, oats, and maize. Transfer from "soil to crops" provides a possible explanation for the presence of PFCs in foodstuffs and in human body fluids such as blood, plasma, serum, or breast milk. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a statistically significant, concentration-dependent carryover of PFOA and PFOS in crop plants can take place, which would provide a potential entrance point for these substances into the food chain.
|
['Alkanesulfonic Acids', 'Animal Feed', 'Caprylates', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Food Analysis', 'Plant Development', 'Plants', 'Soil', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 19,112,561
|
[['D02.455.326.146.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['B01.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Intraocular pressure determination in clinically normal red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria).
|
Intraocular pressure (IOP) reflects a balance between aqueous humor production and outflow and is often an essential ophthalmic diagnostic procedure in animals. The objective of this study was to estimate IOP in clinically normal red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria) of various sizes by using applanation tonometry. Intraocular pressures were estimated for 25 captive red-footed tortoises (10 males, 10 females, and 5 animals of unknown sex) by using an applanation tonometer after topical anesthesia. Body length ranged from 5.1 to 54.9 cm, measured from nuchal to anal scutes. Five measurements from each eye were obtained by a single observer in an ambient temperature of approximately 30 degrees C. Observer's reliability was good (intraclass r = 0.75), and IOP did not change over the ordered sequence of five replicate measurements. For individual tortoises the correlation for IOP between the left and right eyes was low (r = 0.20). The paired t-test did not show any statistical effect (P = 0.426) for the difference in IOP between the left and right eyes. Mean IOP determined for 10 confirmed males and 10 confirmed females did not differ between sexes (P = 0.244). The mean IOP of five small tortoises (< 10 cm long) was not significantly different (P = 0.244) from that of 20 large tortoises (> 10 cm long). In red-footed tortoises there does not appear to be any relation between carapace length and IOP.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Body Constitution', 'Female', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sex Factors', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Turtles']
| 12,216,794
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['G14.440'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.370.380.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.848']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Stereoselective glycosylations using oxathiane spiroketal glycosyl donors.
|
Novel oxathiane spiroketal donors have been synthesised and activated via an umpolung S-arylation strategy using 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene. The comparative reactivity of the resulting 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl (TMP)- and 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl (DMP)-oxathiane spiroketal sulfonium ions is discussed, and their á-stereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions is compared to the analogous TMP- and DMP-sulfonium ions derived from an oxathiane glycosyl donor bearing a methyl ketal group. The results show that the stereoselectivity of the oxathiane glycosyl donors is dependent on the structure of the ketal group and reactivity can be tuned by varying the substituent on the sulfonium ion.
|
['Anisoles', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Furans', 'Glycosides', 'Glycosylation', 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phloroglucinol', 'Spiro Compounds', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Sulfonium Compounds', 'Thioglycosides']
| 22,200,482
|
[['D02.355.601.200', 'D02.355.726.158', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.158'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D03.383.312'], ['D09.408'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['D03.383'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.684'], ['D02.455.426.779', 'D04.711'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.675.800', 'D02.886.620'], ['D02.886.740', 'D09.408.903']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide PET for assessing response to somatostatin-receptor-mediated radionuclide therapy.
|
UNLABELLED: (68)Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide (DOTA-TOC) PET has proven its usefulness in the diagnosis of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Radionuclide therapy ((90)Y-DOTA-TOC or (177)Lu-DOTA-octreotate) is a choice of treatment that also requires an accurate diagnostic modality for early evaluation of treatment response. Our study compared (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET with CT or MRI using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Furthermore, standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated and compared with treatment outcome.METHODS: Forty-six patients (29 men, 17 women; age range, 34-84 y) with advanced neuroendocrine tumors were investigated before and after 2-7 cycles of radionuclide therapy. Long-acting somatostatin analogs were not applied for at least 6 wk preceding the follow-up. Data were acquired with a dedicated PET scanner. Emission image sets were acquired at 90-100 min after injection. (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET images were visually interpreted by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. For comparison, multislice helical CT scans and 1.5-T MRI scans were obtained. Attenuation-corrected PET images were used to determine SUVs. Repeated CT evaluation and other imaging modalities, for example, (18)F-FDG, were used as the reference standard.RESULTS: According to the reference standard, (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET and CT showed a concordant result in 32 patients (70%). In the remaining 14 patients (30%), discrepancies were observed, with a final outcome of progressive disease in 9 patients and remission in 5 patients. (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET was correct in 10 patients (21.7%), including 5 patients with progressive disease. In these patients, metastatic spread was detected with the follow-up whole-body PET but was missed when concomitant CT was used. On the other hand, CT confirmed small pulmonary metastases not detected on (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC in 1 patient and progressive liver disease not detected on (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC in 3 patients. Quantitative SUV analysis of individual tumor lesions showed a large range of variability.CONCLUSION: (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET shows no advantage over conventional anatomic imaging for assessing response to therapy when all CT information obtained during follow-up is compared. Only the development of new metastases during therapy was detected earlier in some cases when whole-body PET was used. SUV analysis of individual lesions is of no additional value in predicting individual responses to therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Octreotide', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Prognosis', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Receptors, Somatostatin', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,690,033
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['D02.691'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E01.789'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.850', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.800'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PCR detection and characterization of type-2 porcine circovirus.
|
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detecting porcine circovirus (PCV). The assay readily detected type-2 PCV (PCV-2) and type-1 PCV (PCV-1). The PCR primers were designed based on DNA sequences conserved in all reported PCV genomes. Type 1 PCV and type 2 PCV both produced 438 bp amplification products, which were easily identified and differentiated from one another by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Porcine circovirus was detected in 55% (931/1693) of randomly tested pigs with various clinical signs and lesions, most of which were difficult to differentiate from those associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The PCR products from all positive clinical samples were identified by RFLP to be only PCV-2; DNA tested by PCR was extracted directly from one or more of lung, mesenteric or mediastinal lymph nodes, and tonsil. Type 2 PCV was also detected in 6% (2/34) of DNA extracted directly from semen of randomly chosen healthy boars. Positive PCR reactions from 554 diseased pigs were characterized by RFLP and categorized into 5 different profiles (A-E), of which 82.8% were PCV-2A (456/554), 3.0% were PCV-2B (17/554), 9.9% were PCV-2C (55/554), 1.1% were PCV-2D (6/554), and 3.2% were PCV-2E (18/554). The complete genomic nucleotide sequences of PCV-2A, B, C, D, and E were determined and found to have at least 95% homology compared with one another and with all other PCV-2 found in the GenBank database. All PCV-2 had less than 76% homology with PCV-1. This PCR assay will hopefully be useful to veterinary diagnostic laboratories for routine testing and surveillance of infection with PCV-2. The RFLP profiling system might be useful for preliminary characterization and identification of PCV isolates and might also benefit studies on the molecular epidemiology of PCV.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Circoviridae Infections', 'Circovirus', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Viral', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases']
| 10,680,656
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C01.925.256.200'], ['B04.280.120.150'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E05.318.416', 'E05.393.522', 'H01.158.201.636.475.500', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.500', 'H01.181.122.650.475.550', 'H02.403.720.500.300', 'N06.850.520.470'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Induction of transplantation tolerance in humans using fetal cell transplants.
|
When engrafted with donor stem cells and lymphoid cells, patients develop transplantation tolerance to donor antigens. We analyzed the mechanism of tolerance induction in immunoincompetent recipients whose immunity has been reconstituted by transplantation of mismatched stem cells. Seven infants or human fetuses received fetal liver transplants as a treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency disease. After reconstitution of immunity by lymphocytes developed from donor stem cells, T-cell clones were produced and analyzed. Because donors and recipients were HLA mismatched, it was easy to demonstrate the donor origin of the T-cell clones. These clones were shown to have developed tolerance to histocompatibility antigens of the stem cell donor via a process of clonal deletion (probably as a result of contact with donor-derived macrophages and dendritic cells). They were also tolerant to histocompatibility antigens of the host but through a different mechanism: many clones recognized these antigens but had no detrimental effect on the target cells exhibiting host antigens, either in vitro or in vivo. Clonal anergy was therefore the cause of this tolerance to host determinants, resulting in a lack of graft-versus-host disease and of autoimmunity. The contact between developing T cells of donor origin and host epithelial cells within the host thymus may explain this colonal anergy. It should be noted that all patients had high serum levels of interleukin-10, which might have contributed to the persistent engraftment and tolerance.
|
['Fetal Tissue Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Isoantigens', 'Severe Combined Immunodeficiency', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Transplantation Tolerance', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 15,808,548
|
[['E02.095.147.725.300', 'E04.936.580.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D23.050.705'], ['C16.320.798.750', 'C16.614.815', 'C18.452.284.800', 'C20.673.795.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['G12.535.425.955'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Restrictive antibiotherapy after renal transplantation.
|
Forty-two patients were followed up after 44 renal transplantations in an effort to evaluate possible benefits from the following protocol: systematic microbiologic and clinical surveillance, early and aggressive research for the cause of suspected infections, refusal to use prophylactic antibiotherapy, and selection of treatment according to the established cause of the infection. During 18,030 days of follow-up 124 infections were recorded, of which 110 were bacterial, 11 viral and 3 protozoal. Eighty originated in the urinary tract, 17 in skin wounds and 10 in the lower respiratory tract. Septicemia occurred three times, and one death due to infection was recorded. In the treatment of bacterial infections patients received antibiotics for 2486 days. Ampicillin (given for 816 days) and "minor" drugs such as sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics (given for 1036 days) were used 74.5% of the time, whereas gentamicin was used only 2.6% of the time (64 days). Combined antibacterial therapy was needed 1.2% of the time (29 days). A restrictive policy regarding anti-biotherapy seems to be beneficial to renal transplant recipients.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppression', 'Infections', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Skin Diseases, Infectious', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 376,078
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Practical approach to solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal peptide amides under mild conditions based on a photolysable anchoring linkage.
|
Several 3-nitro-4-(N-protected aminomethyl)benzoic acids; with protection provided by tert.-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), trifluoroacetyl (Tfa), dithiasuccinoyl (Dts), or phthaloyl (Phth), have been prepared by reproducible routes. Synthesis of Dts-handle 6 illustrates some particularly novel and efficient chemistry, and is preferred over more intricate routes to Boc-handle 3 and Fmoc-handle 4. The five handles were each evaluated for their application to the synthesis of peptide amides. Coupling onto amino-functionalized supports provided a general starting point for peptide chain assembly. The handle amino function was deblocked (Boc, Fmoc, Dts), the C-terminal residue was coupled as its N alpha-protected free acid, and ultimately the ortho-nitrobenzylamide anchorage linkage was cleaved photolytically to give the corresponding amide. Starting with handles 3, 4, and 6, several free and protected peptide amides were synthesized.
|
['Amides', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptides', 'Photolysis']
| 2,401,599
|
[['D02.065'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.740.685']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RASopathic comedone-like or cystic lesions induced by vemurafenib: a model of skin lesions similar but not identical to those induced by dioxins MADISH.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients treated with vemurafenib for metastatic melanoma often develop skin lesions similar to those observed after exposure to dioxin-like compounds. We previously called these lesions MADISH (metabolizing acquired dioxin-induced skin hamartoma) when analysing a case of acute dioxin poisoning.OBJECTIVE: We performed a clinical trial aimed at comparing the skin lesions observed under vemurafenib treatment with MADISH in order to bring to light a possible crosstalk between vemurafenib and dioxin pathways.METHODS: In this case series study, we explored the histological aspect of skin lesions in 10 cases treated with vemurafenib for malignant melanoma. We also analysed the ability of vemurafenib and tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce dioxin-AhR pathway.RESULTS: All patients had skin lesions diagnosed as 'non-inflammatory acneiform eruption' by dermatologists. These were predominantly facial with notable retroauricular involvement and clinically compatible with chloracne/MADISH when assessed by dioxin expert. Histological analysis showed mostly comedone-like lesions and dermal cysts containing epithelial wall with basal or lateral epithelial projections and lamellar keratinization and alterations of remaining sebaceous glands. The expression of CYP1A1, a gene highly induced following dioxin exposure, was not observed in these lesions. Vemurafenib and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib did not induce CYP1A1 activity.DISCUSSION: Although the skin lesions under vemurafenib treatment were morphologically similar to MADISH, the absence of CYP1A1 expression in dermal cysts of patients and the absence of CYP1A1 activation by vemurafenib led us consider that these skin lesions were different from true MADISH and not mediated by a crosstalk of AhR signalling, but rather to a hyperactivation of PI3K-Akt pathway as a consequence of vemurafenib treatment. A strong expression of CYP1A1 in the epithelial wall of dermal cysts must be required, parallel to the morphology of the lesions, to make the diagnosis of MADISH, the hallmark of an exposure to dioxin-like/chloracnegen compounds.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Chloracne', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Dioxins', 'Drug Eruptions', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Epidermal Cyst', 'Erlotinib Hydrochloride', 'Female', 'Gefitinib', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Vemurafenib']
| 29,575,357
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C17.800.030.575'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['D02.309.500', 'D03.383.231'], ['C17.800.174.600', 'C20.543.206.380', 'C25.100.468.380'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['C04.182.254'], ['D03.633.100.786.375'], ['D03.633.100.786.469'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D02.065.884.919', 'D02.886.590.700.919', 'D03.633.100.473.936']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reducing alcohol consumption during pre-drinking sessions: testing an integrated behaviour-change model.
|
OBJECTIVE: Pre-drinking, the practice of consuming alcohol prior to attending a subsequent event, increases the risk of alcohol-related harm, and is common in undergraduate student populations. The current study tested an integrated behaviour change model to identify the motivational, social-cognitive, and implicit predictors of pre-drinking.DESIGN: University students (N = 289) completed an online questionnaire comprising measures of motivational and social-cognitive constructs related to reducing pre-drinking alcohol consumption and past behaviour, and an implicit association test for drinking identity. Participants reported their pre-drinking alcohol consumption at follow-up, 4 weeks from baseline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported pre-drinking alcohol consumption.RESULTS: A variance-based structural equation model revealed that few model hypotheses were supported. Although the effects of past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and implicit drinking identity, on follow-up pre-drinking alcohol consumption were statistically significant, the effect of intention was not.CONCLUSIONS: Current findings indicate pre-drinking alcohol consumption is associated with past behaviour, perceived behavioural control and implicit drinking identity, and no intentions to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption. The finding raise questions over the validity of applying the integrated model in this context. Interventions should consider these factors and attempt to facilitate the formation of intentions that lead to subsequent behaviour.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Problem Behavior', 'Young Adult']
| 30,636,446
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.126.972', 'F01.145.179.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Study on certified reference material of germanium in Ganoderma lucidum].
|
Analytical reference material of Ge in Ganoderma lucidum is designed and prepared for accurete analysis, monitoration and evaluation in trades of farming, forestry, medicine and food hygiene for Ge. It is used in technical training, technical assessing, monitoring, data arbitrating and analytic method verifing for professional supervisors. This reference material has been certified by graphitic oven atomic absorption spectrometry, hydride spectrophotometry, polarography, chemical separation spectrophotometry, atomic fluorescence method and x-ray fluorescence method. According to Grubb's law to judge the data of each group, it is confirmed that all of seven groups certified crude data are normal distribution by checking normality D. The arithmatic mean value of all data is 0.38 microgram/g. Standard deviation is 0.08 microgram/g.
|
['Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Germanium', 'Reference Standards', 'Reishi']
| 10,682,605
|
[['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D01.268.513.750', 'D01.268.556.305', 'D01.552.544.305'], ['E05.978.808'], ['B01.300.179.120.760.338.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
"Responses to the Chilean law of food labeling and advertising: exploring knowledge, perceptions and behaviors of mothers of young children".
|
BACKGROUND: In line with calls for action from international health organizations, Chile implemented in June 2016 a set of regulations to tackle the obesity epidemic. The new regulation includes the mandatory use of front-of-package warning labels on packaged foods/beverages high in energy, sugars, saturated fats and sodium. Additionally, such foods cannot be sold nor offered in daycares/schools and cannot be promoted to children under 14yo. The law is targeted to children; thus, this study examined mothers' understanding, perceptions, and behaviors associated with the regulation one year after its implementation, using a qualitative approach.METHODS: Nine focus groups of mothers (7-10 people each) of children (2-14yo) were conducted in July 2017 in Santiago-Chile. They were stratified by socioeconomic status (SES) and children's age. Macrocodes were developed by three researchers, combining an iterative process of deductive and inductive thematic analyses. Quotations representing each category were selected.RESULTS: Mothers understood the new regulation as a policy to fight child obesity and were aware that products with more labels were less healthy than products with fewer labels. Attention and use of labels in the buying decision-making process ranged from participants who did not pay attention to others who relied on them as a quick shortcut (mostly from middle and upper-SES); many mothers indicated changing their purchase habits only when buying new products. Mothers declared that young children accepted school environment changes while teens/preteens resisted them more. Many mothers agreed that schools have become key promoters of food behavioral change. Mothers were less aware about the food marketing regulations. Mothers declared that they perceived that the regulation was changing the perceptions, attitudes and behaviors toward healthier eating patterns.CONCLUSION: After the first year of implementation, the regulation was well known by mothers of diverse SES and different children ages. The degree of use of warning labels was heterogeneous among participants, but most of them agreed that their children, particularly the youngest have positive attitudes toward the regulation and have become promoters of change in their families. Many mothers also expressed that they perceived an important shift toward healthier eating, which may lead to a change in eating social norms. This information contributes to better understand how regulatory actions may influence people's consumer behaviors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Advertising', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chile', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Food Labeling', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Mothers']
| 30,760,273
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['J01.576.423.850.600.400', 'J01.576.761.400.450'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Genetic polymorphism of the kinesin-like protein KIF1B gene and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: Frequent deletions of the kinesin-like protein gene 1B (KIF1B) have been reported in neural tumors. Recently, a genome-wide association study revealed an association between polymorphisms in the KIF1B gene and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and several case-control studies have further investigated this relationship. However, these studies have yielded controversial results. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between the KIF1B gene polymorphisms and HCC risk.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: PubMed, EMBASE, the ISI Web of Science and the CNKI databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A total of 5 studies containing 13 cohorts with 5,773 cases and 6,404 controls were included. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicities, sample sizes and quality scores. Overall, the G allele at rs17401966 of the KIF1B gene was associated with a significantly decreased risk for HCC (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.93; P = 0.003). Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that the G allele at rs17401966 of the KIF1B gene significantly reduced the risk for HCC in Chinese cohorts (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.64-0.90; P = 0.002), large-sample-size cohorts (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.73-0.88, P<0.01) and high-quality cohorts (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.71-0.87, P<0.01). However, no significant associations were found in small-sample-size cohorts, studies with low-quality scores and when excluding the cohorts from the study reporting the original discovery.CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that the presence of the G allele at rs17401966 of the KIF1B gene may decrease the risk for HCC and suggest that KIF1B may play a critical role in the development of HCC. High-quality studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnic populations will be of great value to further confirm these findings.
|
['Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cohort Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Kinesin', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 23,634,229
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.500', 'D12.776.220.600.450.450', 'D12.776.631.560.450'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Achyranthes bidentata saponins promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through the ERK MAPK signaling pathway.
|
Achyranthes bidentata, is a herbal plant commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone nonunion in the Traditional Chinese Medicine. Saponins are the major compounds extracted from Achyranthes bidentata that have been shown to exert various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, diuretic, and anti-osteoporosis. The Achyranthes bidentata saponins (ABS) were found to induce proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as determined by the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase assays. Also, following the osteogenic induction, cells treated with ABS showed increased mRNA levels of rat bone morphogenetic protein-2, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osterix. Furthermore, ABS stimulated the activation of ERK as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of these proteins, which was blocked by an inhibitor of ERK (PD98059). Taken together, these results suggest that ABS stimulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
|
['Achyranthes', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Osteogenesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Saponins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 24,728,946
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.100.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D09.408.782'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pulsed electromagnetic fields on postmenopausal osteoporosis in Southwest China: a randomized, active-controlled clinical trial.
|
A randomized, active-controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in southwest China. Forty-four participants were randomly assigned to receive alendronate or one course of PEMFs treatment. The primary endpoint was the mean percentage change in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMDL), and secondary endpoints were the mean percentage changes in left proximal femur bone mineral density (BMDF), serum 25OH vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) concentrations, total lower-extremity manual muscle test (LE MMT) score, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score. The BMDL, BMDF, total LE MMT score and BBS score were recorded at baseline, 5, 12, and 24 weeks. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and 5 weeks. Using a mixed linear model, there was no significant treatment difference between the two groups in the BMDL, BMDF, total LE MMT score, and BBS score (P ? 0.05). For 25(OH)D concentrations, the effects were also comparable between the two groups (P ? 0.05) with the Mann-Whitney's U-test. These results suggested that a course of PEMFs treatment with specific parameters was as effective as alendronate in treating PMO within 24 weeks.
|
['Aged', 'Bone Density', 'China', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Field Therapy', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Strength', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal', 'Postural Balance', 'Vitamin D']
| 23,362,148
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G11.427.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.621'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['C05.116.198.579.610', 'C18.452.104.579.610'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Competence check-up.
|
Revalidation is a new process that requires registered nurses and midwives to demonstrate regularly to the Nursing and Midwifery Council that they remain fit to practise and are competent in their role.
|
['Certification', 'Clinical Competence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Midwifery', 'Nurses', 'Pregnancy', 'United Kingdom']
| 24,617,407
|
[['N03.706.110.120', 'N05.700.200.190'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Low calretinin expression and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are poor prognostic factors in patients with malignant mesothelioma undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy.
|
INTRODUCTION: Survival after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) is variable in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and there are no validated prognostic factors that could be used preoperatively. We investigated the calretinin and D2-40 expression and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an index of systemic inflammation as potential preoperative prognostic factors.METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent EPP were included in this retrospective study. Potential prognostic factors such as age, gender, histological subtype, baseline laboratory parameters including NLR, and immunohistochemical staining for calretinin and D2-40 were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) from the date of surgery was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic value of the variables was examined using Cox regression, and significant factors (p < 0.05) were entered into a multivariate model to determine their independent effect.RESULTS: A total of 85 patients were included: median age 58 years; 80% men; 77% epithelial and 23% biphasic MPM. The median OS was 19.7 months. The following variables were predictive of longer OS: female gender (p = 0.02), epithelial subtype (p = 0.04), low NLR (p < 0.01), and high calretinin score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, only NLR ?3 (hazard ratio 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-3.07; p = 0.04) and calretinin score ?33 versus more than 67% (hazard ratio 4.72; 95% confidence interval: 1.97-11.32; p < 0.01) remained independent predictors. The addition of calretinin score increased the explained variation by 10.1%.CONCLUSIONS: Both low calretinin expression and high NLR were independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with MPM undergoing EPP, and the calretinin score seemed to improve the accuracy of the prognostic model.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Calbindin 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mesothelioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neutrophils', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein G', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 22,011,651
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.157.125.090.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D12.776.157.125.090.500', 'D12.776.157.125.750.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Extracellular vesicles released by mesenchymal-like prostate carcinoma cells modulate EMT state of recipient epithelial-like carcinoma cells through regulation of AR signaling.
|
Extracellular vesicles released from cancer cells may play an important role in cancer progression by shuttling oncogenic information into recipient cells. However, our knowledge is still fragmentary and there remain numerous questions regarding the mechanisms at play and the functional consequences of these interactions. We have recently established a mesenchymal-like prostate cancer cell line (22Rv1/CR-1; Mes-PCa). In this study, we assessed the effects of the extracellular vesicles released by these cells on recipient androgen-dependent epithelial VCaP prostate cancer cells. Mes-PCa derived vesicles were found to promote mesenchymal features in the recipient epithelial-like prostate cancer cells. This transformation was accompanied by a modulation of androgen receptor signaling and activation of TGFâ signaling pathway. Moreover, recipient cells acquiring mesenchymal traits displayed enhanced migratory and invasive features as well as increased resistance to the androgen receptor antagonist, enzalutamide. Our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for Mes-PCa secreted vesicles in cancer promotion by transferring cell-mediated signals and promoting phenotypic changes in recipient prostate cancer cells.
|
['Androgen Antagonists', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell-Derived Microparticles', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent', 'Phenotype', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Tumor Microenvironment']
| 28,935,391
|
[['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.284.295.588.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G04.356.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.626'], ['G05.695'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['G04.366.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic value of gene probes and its correlation with clinical profile of leprosy in children.
|
Clinico-bacteriological profile of 73 leprosy patients below 16 years of age was studied. Majority of the patients were males and fell in 11-16 years age group (p < 0.05). Skin lesions were present in all cases on both exposed as well as unexposed areas and their number increased with advancing age. Cutaneous sensations were affected in most of the patients while nerve thickening was observed in 41. As age increased, the disease moved from the tuberculoid end of spectrum towards the lepromatous end (p < 0.05) and the positivity of the skin smears increased (p < 0.05). Majority of the paucibacillary cases were lepromin positive while most multibacillary cases were lepromin negative (p < 0.01). Two M. leprae specific gene probes were applied in 42 cases to assess their diagnostic value. Eighty one per cent cases were picked up by the probes indicating presence of active bacilli. These included all lepromin positive cases, all smear positive cases, and most of smear negative cases (p < 0.05). Seven children with inconclusive histology were also positive. Drug treatment and inadequate size of biopsy sample could explain the negative probe results in 19% cases. This study highlights the immense potential of gene probes in diagnosing leprosy in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'India', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lepromin', 'Leprosy', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium leprae', 'Oligonucleotide Probes']
| 7,875,812
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D23.050.161.386'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475.371'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.502', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.502'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Renal Clearable Ag Nanodots for in Vivo Computer Tomography Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.
|
Albumin-stabilized Ag nanodots (ANDs) are prepared by a one-step biomineralization method. The highly crystallized nanodots have ultrasmall sizes (approximately 5.8 nm) and robust X-ray attenuation (5.7313 HU per mM Ag). The unlabeled ANDs are directly excreted from the body via the urine after in vivo X-ray computer tomography (CT) imaging application. ANDs could be used as CT imaging agents and effective photothermal therapy agents. Tumor growth inhibition reaches 90.2% after photothermal treatment with ANDs. ANDs are promising tools for in vivo CT imaging and clearable near-infrared-triggered theranostic agents.
|
['Humans', 'Nanostructures', 'Neoplasms', 'Phototherapy', 'Silver', 'Theranostic Nanomedicine', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 28,111,943
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512'], ['C04'], ['E02.774'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E01.894', 'E02.785.500', 'E02.921', 'H01.603.600.500', 'H02.403.200.700.500', 'H02.403.845', 'J01.897.520.600.600.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
REMAS: a new regression model to identify alternative splicing events from exon array data.
|
BACKGROUND: Alternative splicing (AS) is an important regulatory mechanism for gene expression and protein diversity in eukaryotes. Previous studies have demonstrated that it can be causative for, or specific to splicing-related diseases. Understanding the regulation of AS will be helpful for diagnostic efforts and drug discoveries on those splicing-related diseases. As a novel exon-centric microarray platform, exon array enables a comprehensive analysis of AS by investigating the expression of known and predicted exons. Identifying of AS events from exon array has raised much attention, however, new and powerful algorithms for exon array data analysis are still absent till now.RESULTS: Here, we considered identifying of AS events in the framework of variable selection and developed a regression method for AS detection (REMAS). Firstly, features of alternatively spliced exons were scaled by reasonably defined variables. Secondly, we designed a hierarchical model which can represent gene structure and transcriptional influence to exons, and the lasso type penalties were introduced in calculation because of huge variable size. Thirdly, an iterative two-step algorithm was developed to select alternatively spliced genes and exons. To avoid negative effects introduced by small sample size, we ranked genes as parameters indicating their AS capabilities in an iterative manner. After that, both simulation and real data evaluation showed that REMAS could efficiently identify potential AS events, some of which had been validated by RT-PCR or supported by literature evidence.CONCLUSION: As a new lasso regression algorithm based on hierarchical model, REMAS has been demonstrated as a reliable and effective method to identify AS events from exon array data.
|
['Algorithms', 'Alternative Splicing', 'Exons', 'Linear Models', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis']
| 19,208,117
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In Vivo Characterization of Carotid Neointimal Hyperplasia by use of Optical Coherence Tomography: Before and After Cutting Balloon Angioplasty.
|
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern intravascular imaging modality that has the capability to provide detailed, in vivo characterization of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque. The current understanding of the appearance of atherosclerotic plaque via OCT is largely based on coronary arterial studies where OCT information has been employed to guide therapeutic management and permits the immediate evaluation of percutaneous intervention. The clinical success of OCT in the coronary arteries has laid the foundation for investigation of the carotid artery and thus, stroke risk assessment. We report the novel use of OCT for tissue characterization of severe stenosis subsequent to carotid artery stenting (CAS), both before and after treatment with cutting balloon angioplasty.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,702,776
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['C23.300.823'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibition of tristetraprolin expression by dexamethasone in activated macrophages.
|
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a factor that regulates mRNA stability and the expression of certain inflammatory genes. In the present study, we found that TTP expression was increased in macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dexamethasone and dissociated steroid RU24858 inhibited LPS-induced TTP protein and mRNA expression and the inhibitory effect was reversed by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. Histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and apicidin reduced the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone and RU24858 on TTP expression, but the glucocorticoids did not alter TTP mRNA half-life. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory steroids reduce TTP expression in activated macrophages by a glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-independent mechanism, possibly through histone deacetylation and transcriptional silencing.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Desoximetasone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Histone Deacetylases', 'Hydroxycorticosteroids', 'Immediate-Early Proteins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tristetraprolin']
| 15,710,351
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.260', 'D04.210.500.908.238.250'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.277.087.520'], ['D06.472.040.585'], ['D12.776.460', 'D12.776.964.925.968'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.260.790', 'D12.776.460.762', 'D12.776.930.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical management of eosinophilic esophagitis - a nationwide survey among gastroenterologists in Germany.
|
BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly recognized immune-mediated esophageal disease and a common cause for dysphagia and food bolus obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current clinical management of EoE among adult gastroenterologists in Germany.METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1393 adult gastroenterologists using a questionnaire containing 22 questions to general, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of EoE. The self-administered online survey was conducted between November 2017 and February 2018. Data capture and analysis was performed using SurveyMonkey.RESULTS: The overall responder rate was 29.6 %. More than half of the responders (54.9 %) felt to observe a significant increase of EoE patients. The EREFS score was mostly either unknown (44.3 %) or not routinely used (52.2 %). If EoE was suspected, most responders obtained multiple esophageal biopsies (n = 3 - 4: 35.7 %; n > 4: 61.6 %). The preferred primary treatment was proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in 37.2 % and topical steroids in 35.0 % of responders. PPI regimens were highly diverse, with only half of responders using high-dose PPI regimens. Allergy testing was often initiated (always 25.4 %, sometimes 48.9 %). The most common dietary therapy was 6-food elimination diet (52 %), followed by allergy test-directed diets (16 %) and 2-food elimination diet (16.5 %). The majority of responders indicated a need for long-term treatment (i. e., 23 % of responders in > 50 % their patients and 47.7 % of responders in 25 - 50 % of their patients).CONCLUSIONS: Among gastroenterologists in Germany, substantial variation in the adherence to published EoE guidelines appears to exist. This indicates the need for intensified education and national guidelines in order to optimize and harmonize the clinical management of EoE patients.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet Therapy', 'Eosinophilic Esophagitis', 'Gastroenterologists', 'Gastroenterology', 'Germany', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 31,170,743
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E02.642.249'], ['C06.405.117.620.209', 'C06.405.205.663.209', 'C15.378.553.231.341', 'C20.543.480.356'], ['M01.526.485.810.438', 'N02.360.810.438'], ['H02.403.429.405'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['D27.505.519.389.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evolutionary aspects of trypanosomes: analysis of genes.
|
The genes for four glycolytic enzymes of Trypanosoma brucei have been analyzed. The proteins encoded by these genes show 38-57% identity with their counterparts in other organisms, whether pro- or eukaryotic. These data are consistent with a phylogenetic tree in which trypanosomes diverged very early from the main branch of the eukaryotic lineage. No definite conclusion can be drawn yet about the evolutionary origin of glycosomes, the microbodies of trypanosomes which contain most enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. A bias could be observed in the codon usage of the glycolytic genes and genes for other housekeeping proteins, indicating that trypanosomes may have selected a nucleotide sequence that enables efficient translation. However, the genes for variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) do not show such a bias. This lack of preference for special codons is explained by the high evolutionary rate that could be observed for VSG genes.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Codon', 'Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase', 'Genes', 'Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Phosphoglycerate Kinase', 'Species Specificity', 'Triose-Phosphate Isomerase', 'Trypanosoma brucei brucei', 'Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma']
| 3,104,618
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['D08.811.520.224.062.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.750'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.630.700'], ['G16.824'], ['D08.811.399.475.200.775'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.990', 'D12.776.543.550.990', 'D23.050.293.900', 'D23.050.301.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment and confirmation of tracheal intubation when capnography fails: a novel use for an USB camera.
|
A 62 year old male with a right pyriform fossa lesion extending to the right arytenoid and obscuring the glottic inlet was planned for laser assisted excision. Direct laryngoscopic assessment after topicalization of the airway, showed a Cormack Lehane grade 3 view. We report a case where, in the absence of a fiberscope, a novel inexpensive Universal Serial Bus camera was used to obtain an optimal laryngoscopic view. This provided direct visual confirmation of tracheal intubation with a Laser Flex tube, when capnography failed to show any trace. Capnography may not be reliable as a sole indicator of confirmation of correct endotracheal tube placement. Video laryngoscopy may provide additional confirmation of endotracheal intubation.
|
['Capnography', 'Humans', 'Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Laryngoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Photography', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Video Recording']
| 23,536,203
|
[['E01.370.386.700.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.485', 'C07.550.745.436', 'C09.647.710.485', 'C09.775.549.485'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['E01.370.386.460', 'E01.370.388.250.525', 'E04.502.250.525', 'E04.580.373'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI Change, and Overall Survival in Patients With SCLC and NSCLC: A Pooled Analysis of the International Lung Cancer Consortium.
|
INTRODUCTION: The relationships between morbid obesity, changes in body mass index (BMI) before cancer diagnosis, and lung cancer outcomes by histology (SCLC and NSCLC) have not been well studied.METHODS: Individual level data analysis was performed on 25,430 patients with NSCLC and 2787 patients with SCLC from 16 studies of the International Lung Cancer Consortium evaluating the association between various BMI variables and lung cancer overall survival, reported as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) from Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted penalized smoothing spline plots.RESULTS: Overall survival of NSCLC had putative U-shaped hazard ratio relationships with BMI based on spline plots: being underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; aHR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.43-1.70) or morbidly overweight (BMI > 40 kg/m2; aHR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.95-1.26) at the time of diagnosis was associated with worse stage-specific prognosis, whereas being overweight (25 kg/m2 ? BMI < 30 kg/m2; aHR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85-0.95) or obese (30 kg/m2 ? BMI ? 40 kg/m2; aHR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.82-0.91) was associated with improved survival. Although not significant, a similar pattern was seen with SCLC. Compared with an increased or stable BMI from the period between young adulthood until date of diagnosis, a decreased BMI was associated with worse outcomes in NSCLC (aHR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.2-1.3) and SCLC patients (aHR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.0-1.6). Decreased BMI was consistently associated with worse outcome, across clinicodemographic subsets.CONCLUSIONS: Both being underweight or morbidly obese at time of diagnosis is associated with lower stage-specific survival in independent assessments of NSCLC and SCLC patients. In addition, a decrease in BMI at lung cancer diagnosis relative to early adulthood is a consistent marker of poor survival.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Small Cell Lung Carcinoma', 'Survival Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 31,163,278
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.624', 'C08.381.540.140.750', 'C08.785.520.100.220.750'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Correlates of environmental factors and human plague: an ecological study in Vietnam.
|
BACKGROUND: Human plague caused by Yersinia pestis remains a public health threat in endemic countries, because the disease is associated with increased risk of mortality and severe economic and social consequences. During the past 10 years, outbreaks of plague have occasionally occurred in Vietnam's Central Highlands region. The present study sought to describe and analyse the occurrence of plague and its association with ecological factors.METHODS: The study included all 510 communes of the Central Highlands region (with a total population of approximately 4 million) where 95% of incidence of plague cases in Vietnam had been reported from 1997 through 2002. Plague was clinically ascertained by using a standard protocol by WHO. Data on domestic fleas and rodents were obtained by using traps and periodic surveillance in accordance with the WHO guidelines. Temperature, duration of sunshine, rainfall and humidity were recorded as monthly averages by local meteorological stations. The association between these ecological factors and plague was assessed by using the Poisson regression model.RESULTS: From 1997 through 2002, 472 cases of plague were reported, of whom 24 (5.1%) died. The incidence of plague peaked during the dry season, with approximately 63% of cases occurring from February through April. The risk of plague occurrence was associated with an increased monthly flea index (RR and 95% CI: 1.93; 1.61-2.33 for months with the flea index >1) and increased rodent density (RR 1.23; 1.15-1.32 per each 3% increase in density). Moreover, the risk of plague increased during the dry season (RR 2.07; 1.64-2.62), when rainfall fell <10 mm (RR 1.44; 1.17-1.77).CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the flea index, rodent density and rainfall could be used as ecological indicators of plague risk in Vietnam. The data also suggest that the occurrence of plague in Vietnam's Central Highlands is likely resulted from multiple causes that remain to be delineated.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Insect Vectors', 'Plague', 'Population Density', 'Population Growth', 'Rain', 'Risk Factors', 'Rodentia', 'Seasons', 'Sentinel Surveillance', 'Siphonaptera', 'Vietnam', 'Yersinia pestis', 'Zoonoses']
| 19,584,125
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.290'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.980.390', 'C01.920.906'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['I01.240.600.660', 'N01.224.625.660', 'N06.850.505.400.700.660'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700.650', 'E05.318.650', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625.650', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700.650', 'N06.850.520.699', 'N06.850.780.675.650'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.968'], ['Z01.252.145.945'], ['B03.440.450.425.900.600', 'B03.660.250.150.950.580'], ['C01.973', 'C22.969']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Ileal pouch functional outlet obstruction.
|
Small bowel obstructions (SBOs) are common in patients who have undergone Ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery. SBO may be caused by stenosis of the diverting ileostomy, volvulus, internal hernia, adhesive bands, anastomotic stricture or intra-abdominal adhesions. Functional outlet obstruction is an important alternative diagnosis to consider in a patient post-IPAA presenting with obstructive symptoms. Recognition of this condition can prevent unnecessary surgery and save the patient from presenting repeatedly with obstructive symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Colonic Pouches', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileostomy', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Intestine, Small']
| 26,857,583
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A10.850.200', 'E07.862.200'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.210.338.508', 'E04.579.338.508'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['A03.556.124.684']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
L-pipecolic acid oxidation in rat: subcellular localization and developmental study.
|
By using a sensitive radioactive assay method, we present here evidence that L-pipecolic acid oxidase is localized in both mitochondria and peroxisomes of rat liver. Brain white matter contained a more than 2-fold higher activity of L-pipecolic acid oxidation than the brain cortex. Suborganellar fractionation studies indicate that while the enzyme is a matrix protein in mitochondria, it is membrane-associated in peroxisomes. Both rotenone and antimycin A completely inhibited the enzyme activity in mitochondria but not in peroxisomes. The enzyme was shown to be inducible in mitochondria and peroxisomes of rat liver and brain tissues by glucagon and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, respectively. We report here for the first time the developmental aspects of L-pipecolic acid oxidation activity in rat liver and brain tissues. L-Pipecolic acid oxidase activity was detectable in whole rat embryo at 10 days of gestation, suggesting active L-pipecolic acid metabolism early during development. In both liver and brain tissues L-pipecolic acid oxidation activity was highest at 15 days of gestation and decreased with age in prenatal and postnatal conditions.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Antimycin A', 'Brain', 'Diethylhexyl Phthalate', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Glucagon', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rotenone', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 8,518,295
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.540.576.500.750'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.241.223.805.250'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.682.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.843', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.843', 'D03.633.400.825'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blood inflammatory response to inhaled endotoxin in normal subjects.
|
Previously we have reported that in asthmatics an inhalation of 20 micrograms lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a bronchial obstruction associated with an inflammatory blood response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this response in normal subjects. Eight normal non-atopic subjects were challenged by inhalation of a solution containing 20 micrograms LPS (from Escherichia coli 026:B6) a week after bronchial challenge with control solution. The lung function response was evaluated by the changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), in specific conductance and in airway resistance while the blood inflammatory response was evaluated by serial measures of total white blood cells (WBC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) count, luminol enhanced-chemiluminescence (luminol-CL, as a marker of the PMN degree of activation), C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, complement fraction C3, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). No response in lung function was observed for 6 h after the LPS inhalation. The count in WBC and PMN increased 300 (P < 0.01) and 360 (P < 0.01) min after the LPS challenge associated with an increase in the level of luminol-CL (P < 0.001). This rise in luminol-CL level was significant at 120 min (P < 0.05) before any change in the PMN count. After 24 and 48 h the acute-phase protein CRP raised significantly (P < 0.01), the other proteins C3 and haptoglobin being unchanged. A slight increase in ACTH was observed 240 and 360 min (P < 0.05) after the LPS challenge while the TNF alpha detectable level was not modified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Adult', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Endotoxins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Neutrophil Activation', 'Respiratory Hypersensitivity', 'Single-Blind Method']
| 7,728,626
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A04.411'], ['G12.604'], ['C08.674', 'C20.543.480.680'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Economic and non-economic determinants of Iranian pharmaceutical companies' financial performance: an empirical study.
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BACKGROUND: The pharmaceutical industry in Iran is influenced by various parameters such as internal factors caused by the financial information of each economic unit and external factors including major economic and non-economic variables.METHODS: This study is aiming to examine the effect of such variables on the stock return of 34 pharmaceutical companies in the Tehran Securities Exchange market using quarterly data from 1995 to 2016. In this research, an autoregressive model was utilized to examine the way that variables affect the stock market index. In such patterns, there is no need for explicit short-term structural relationships and structural knowledge is extracted from causal relationships. Finally, to analyze the results, impulse-response functions, forecast error variance, and historical decomposition were collected.RESULTS: Results of this research show that positive shock to the variables, namely the currency rate, collection period of quests, and healthcare costs lead to a decrease in the return of pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, a positive shock to the variables such as GDP, and money volume, leads to an increase in the stock return of pharmaceutical companies.CONCLUSION: Different factors contribute to the stock return of pharmaceutical companies. Among the variables examined in this study, market currency rate, money volume, pharmaceutical sector inflation, bank interest rate, GDP in the healthcare sector, healthcare costs, and collection period of quests have the most effect on describing changes within the stock return of pharmaceutical companies.
|
['Drug Industry', 'Empirical Research', 'Gross Domestic Product', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Care Sector', 'Humans', 'Iran']
| 31,888,627
|
[['J01.576.655.750'], ['H01.770.644.241'], ['I01.261.587'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['J01.576.489', 'N03.219.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of Surgeon Assessment to Frailty Measurement in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.
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BACKGROUND: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) allows us to intervene on patients otherwise considered poor candidates for open repair. Despite its importance in determining operative approach, no comparison has been made between the subjective "eyeball test" and an objective measurement of preoperative frailty for EVAR patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing elective EVAR were identified in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) database (2003-2017). Patients were classified "unfit" based on a surgeon-reported variable. Frailty was defined using the VQI-derived Risk Analysis Index, which includes sex, age, BMI, renal failure, congestive heart failure, dyspnea, preoperative ambulation, and functional status. The association between fitness and/or frailty and adverse outcomes was determined by logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 11,694 patients undergoing elective EVAR were included of which only 18.1% were "unfit," whereas 34.6% were "frail" and overall 43.6% "unfit or frail." Patients deemed "unfit" or "frail" had significantly increased odds of mortality, complications, and nonhome discharge (P < 0.001), and both frailty and unfitness generated negative predictive values for these outcomes greater than 93%. In adjusted logistic regression, the addition of objective frailty significantly improved model performance in predicting nonhome discharge (C-statistic 0.65 versus 0.71, P < 0.001) and complications (0.59 versus 0.61, P = 0.01), but similarly predicted mortality (0.74 versus 0.73, P = 0.99).CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative frailty assessment provides a useful objective measure of risk stratification as an adjunct to a physician's clinical intuition. The addition of frailty expands the pool of high-risk patients who are more likely to experience adverse postoperative events after elective EVAR and may benefit from uniquely tailored perioperative interventions.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Frailty', 'Humans', 'Male', 'North America', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment']
| 31,841,735
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['C23.550.359'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Value of C-reactive protein in the evaluation of activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease].
|
We studied a value of measuring the C-reactive protein (CRP) serum concentration in the assessment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease activity. From a large register of patients with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we have chosen randomly 91 patients: 61 with ulcerative colitis and 30 with Crohn's disease. As a reference point in the assessment of ulcerative colitis we have used the Powell-Tuck clinical index. Nineteen patients had an active disease, and 42 were in a remission. Patients with the active disease had significantly higher levels of the CRP then the patients in remission (chi 2 = 4.99; alpha less than 0.05). Serum CRP levels and the disease activity assessment by Powell-Tuck index were in a positive correlation, according to the Fisher's exact test (p less than 10(-8)). In the group of 30 patients with Crohn's disease, the disease activity was assessed by CDAI ("The Crohn's Disease Activity Index") and by van Hees index. According to CDAI, 26 patients were in a remission, and only 4 had an active disease. According to van Hees index, there was no patient in a complete remission, 17 patients had a partial remission and 13 had an active disease. Patients with the active disease had significantly higher CRP levels then the patients in remission, according to van Hees index (chi 2 = 7.863; alpha less than 0.01), but not according to CDAI (not significant). Meanwhile, the Fisher's exact test suggested a high positive correlation between the disease activity assessment with both indexes, either CDAI or van Hees, and the CRP serum values (alpha less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['C-Reactive Protein', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'Humans']
| 2,093,781
|
[['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profile of Korean and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces.
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Orthodontic diagnosis typically includes comparing a patient's cephalometric measurements to standard values. Lateral cephalometric norms, however, may be specific to an ethnic group and cannot always be applied to other ethnic types. The purpose of this study was to compare the soft tissue profiles obtained from Korean and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces, in order to understand the ethnic differences in the soft tissue profile between these two ethnic groups. The lateral cephalograms of 60 Korean (30 men and 30 women) and 42 European-American adults (15 men and 27 women) were traced and digitized by one investigator. Ten angular measurements of facial form and seven linear and angular measurements of lip position were computed. A comparison of the slope of the forehead showed no significant differences between the two groups. The Korean sample, however, had a lower angle of nasal inclination and a higher degree of lip protrusion compared to the European-American adults. Chin protrusion of the Koreans was less prominent than that of the European-Americans. These differences between ethnic groups should be taken into consideration when formulating an orthodontic treatment plan for patients of varying ethnic backgrounds.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cephalometry', 'Chin', 'Europe', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Korea', 'Lip', 'Male', 'Nose', 'Reference Values', 'Sex Characteristics', 'United States']
| 11,843,277
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['A01.456.505.259', 'A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.130', 'A14.521.632.300'], ['Z01.542'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G08.686.815'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Major revision of the allergen database for food safety (ADFS) and validation of the motif-based allergenicity prediction tool].
|
We have been maintaining an integral web server system, the Allergen Database for Food Safety (ADFS), since 2005 (http://allergen.nihs.go.jp/ADFS/). Recently, a group at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln released a new version of an allergen database, AllergenOnline. This database includes more than 1,300 allergens, all of which have been peer-reviewed by an international board of allergology experts. Here, we have totally revised the dataset of the ADFS by comparing it with that of AllergenOnline to improve the reliability of our allergen data. Moreover, the performance of our web-based tool for predicting new allergens (motif-based method), which was developed according to a theory proposed by Stadler & Stadler (2003), was validated using three methods. As a result of the integration of this allergen data, the number of (iso)allergens in the ADFS has increased to 1340, and epitope information is now available for 76 allergens. Using model datasets, the precision, recall, and specificity of our motif-based allergenicity prediction tool was proved to be 100.0%, 99.4%, and 100.0%, respectively. These results were similar to those for the original motif-based prediction model that was previously reported and are much better than those of the method recommended by FAO/WHO, especially with regard to the precision of predictions.
|
['Allergens', 'Amino Acid Motifs', 'Databases, Protein', 'Food', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Forecasting', 'Humans']
| 20,306,706
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in mitochondrial morphology and organization can enhance energy supply from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
|
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is accompanied by metabolic and ultrastructural alterations, but the impact of the structural changes on metabolism itself is yet to be determined. Morphometric analysis of mitochondrial shape and spatial organization within transverse sections of cardiomyocytes from control and streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that mitochondria are 20% smaller in size while their spatial density increases by 53% in diabetic cells relative to control myocytes. Diabetic cells formed larger clusters of mitochondria (60% more mitochondria per cluster) and the effective surface-to-volume ratio of these clusters increased by 22.5%. Using a biophysical computational model we found that this increase can have a moderate compensatory effect by increasing the availability of ATP in the cytosol when ATP synthesis within the mitochondrial matrix is compromised.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Cell Size', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Computer Simulation', 'Diabetic Cardiomyopathies', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 27,903,587
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.251'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C14.280.238.235', 'C19.246.099.625'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of use of proton pump inhibitors in Greece.
|
INTRODUCTION: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for acid-related gastric diseases. However, several national studies reported increasing use of PPIs for yet unlicensed indications.AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate the extent of PPIs prescription in a Greek tertiary hospital, as well as the adherence to licensed indications according to the Greek National Drug Organization.METHODS: We retrospectively studied the discharge letters of 1693 adult patients who were admitted at the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine at AHEPA hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece between July 2005 and December 2006. We studied their discharge letters in order to record all cases in which antisecretory therapy (PPIs or H(2) antagonists) was prescribed, as well as to collect data about indication of PPI treatment and the type of PPI prescribed for each patient.RESULTS: PPIs were prescribed in 430 patients (25.4%). In 349 patients, PPIs were prescribed for an improper indication (81.2%), mainly for prophylaxis against medications such as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelets and warfarin. The most commonly prescribed PPI was omeprazole.CONCLUSIONS: PPIs are inappropriately prescribed in Greece. In most cases, physicians prescribe PPIs for unlicensed indications and usually, they do not give specific instructions about the duration of the treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Utilization', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Greece', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Omeprazole', 'Peptic Ulcer', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Diseases']
| 19,327,607
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.640.074.500', 'D03.383.725.024.500', 'D03.633.100.103.034.500'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['D27.505.519.389.848'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C06.405.748']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Efficacy of continuous irrigation combined with closed thoracic drainage for esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula complicated with mediastinal, thoracic and abdominal infections].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of continuous irrigation combined with closed thoracic drainage for esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula (EJAF) complicated with mediastinal, thoracic and abdominal infection after total gastrectomy.METHODS: Clinical data of 22 EJAF patients complicated with mediastinal, thoracic and abdominal infection after radical gastrectomy at Department of General Surgery of the 901th Hospital of PLA from June 2012 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Case inclusion criteria:(1) gastric adenocarcinoma confirmed by preoperative endoscopic pathology undergoing radical total gastrectomy without severe organ dysfunction;(2)EJAF complicated with mediastinal, thoracic and abdominal infections diagnosed by postoperative radiography, the presence of pleural effusion confirmed by CT and ultrasound. Among them, 10 cases were treated with simple thoracic closed drainage (single drainage group); 12 cases received same closed thoracic drainage, and a rubber catheter was placed next to the closed thoracic drainage tube in the same sinus. A 0.9% sodium chloride solution was applied in continuous drip irrigation with drip velocity at 50 to 100 ml/h(continuous flushing plus drainage group). Infection indicators, anastomotic fistula healing time and related clinical indicators were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: In the simple drainage group, 5 cases were males, age was (61.9±10.7) years old, 4 cases received laparoscopic surgery, 6 cases received open surgery, 6 cases were EJAF grade III, 4 cases were EJAF IV. In continuous flushing and drainage group, 6 cases were males, age was (61.7±11.0) years old, 7 cases received laparoscopic surgery, 5 cases received open surgery, 6 cases were EJAF grade III, and 6 cases were EJAF grade IV. Baseline data including gender, age, underlying diseases, preoperative hematological examination indexes, surgical methods, tumor TNM stage and EJAF grade were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). When postoperative EJAF was complicated with mediastinal, thoracic and abdominal infection, biochemical parameters including white blood cell, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). All patients of both groups achieved clinical cure without death. Compared with the simple drainage group after closed thoracic drainage, the continuous irrigation plus drainage group had significantly shorter duration of infection parameters returning to normal levels [white blood cell count: (6.8 ± 2.0) days vs.(10.5±3.0) days, t=4.062, P<0.001; procalcitonin: (7.5±1.0) days vs. (9.2±1.9) days, t=3.236, P=0.040; C-reactive protein: (8.8±1.0) days vs. (11.2±1.5) days, t=5.177, P<0.001], meanwhile time in surgical ICU [(4.9±2.5) days vs. (9.9±6.7) days, t=2.935, P=0.006], healing time of fistula [(42.9±12.5) days vs. (101.8±53.2) days, t=4.187, P=0.001] and total postoperative hospital stay [(62.3±15.8) days vs. (119.7 ±59.4) days, t=3.634, P=0.002] were significantly shorter, and total hospitalization cost was significantly lower (median 86 000 yuan vs. 124 000 yuan, Z=2.063, P=0.040) in the continuous irrigation plus drainage group.CONCLUSION: The continuous closed thoracic drainage with 0.9% sodium chloride solution can accelerate infection control and remission of EJAF patients complicated with mediastinal, thoracic and abdominal infections, and shorten the healing time of anastomotic fistula.
|
['Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Digestive System Fistula', 'Drainage', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']
| 30,588,589
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['C01.150.252'], ['C06.267', 'C23.300.575.185'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Increased hepatic ABCA1 transporter is associated with hypercholesterolemia in a cholestatic rat model and primary biliary cholangitis patients.
|
Hepatic ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter is the modulator of intrahepatic cholesterol levels via the efflux of cholesterol into plasma. This study aimed to determine the expression of hepatic ABCA1 levels in a cholestatic rat model and patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A cholesterol efflux study was conducted with Abca1 knock down using siRNA in WIF9 cells. Cholesterol levels in the ABCA1 siRNA cells in the medium were significantly decreased compared with those in controls (P < 0.05). Hepatic ABCA1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in BDL rats than in control rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protein expression level of hepatic ABCA1 was also significantly increased by 200% in BDL rats (P < 0.05). In PBC patients, expression of hepatic ABCA1 mRNA was 2.2-fold higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). The level of hepatic liver X receptor (LXR)â mRNA was correlated with ABCA1 mRNA levels in PBC patients. The expression of hepatic ABCA1 transporter was upregulated in both the cholestatic rat model and PBC patients. Upregulated hepatic ABCA1 may lead to efflux of cholesterol into plasma, thus explaining the mechanism of cholestasis leading to hypercholesterolemia.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cholestasis, Intrahepatic', 'Cholesterol', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Liver X Receptors', 'Male', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Signal Transduction']
| 28,660,384
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.050.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.381.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.381.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.190.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C06.130.120.135.250', 'C06.552.150'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.130.120.135.250.250', 'C06.552.150.250', 'C06.552.630.400', 'C23.550.355.412.400'], ['D12.776.260.531', 'D12.776.826.194'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hepatitis C virus NS5A-regulated gene expression and signaling revealed via microarray and comparative promoter analyses.
|
Most individuals exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) become chronically infected and are predisposed to liver disease. The mechanisms underlying viral persistence and disease progression are unknown. A role for the HCV NS5A protein in viral replication and interferon resistance has been demonstrated. To identify mechanisms affected by NS5A, we analyzed the gene expression of Huh7 cells expressing NS5A and control cells using oligonucleotide microarrays. A set of 103 genes (43 up-regulated, 60 down-regulated) whose expression was modified by at least twofold was selected. These included genes involved in cell adhesion and motility, calcium homeostasis, lipid transport and metabolism, and genes regulating immune responses. The finding of modulated expression of genes related to the TGF-beta superfamily and liver fibrosis was observed. Interestingly, both the tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin beta receptors were down-regulated by NS5A. Similar data were obtained following expression of four NS5A mutants obtained from patients who were not responsive or were sensitive to interferon therapy. Through computational analysis, we determined that 39 of the 43 genes up-regulated by NS5A contained one or more nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding sites within their promoter region. Using the Gibbs sampling method, we also detected enrichment of NF-kappaB consensus binding sites in the upstream regions of the 43 coexpressed genes. Activation of NF-kappaB by NS5A was subsequently demonstrated in luciferase reporter assays. Adenovirus-mediated expression of IkappaBalpha reverted NS5A mediated up-regulation of gene expression. In conclusion, this study suggests a role of NS5A and NF-kappaB in HCV pathogenesis and related liver disease. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interleukin-1', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Viral Nonstructural Proteins']
| 15,349,911
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.385'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D12.776.860.300.688'], ['G03.458'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['D12.776.964.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for invasive lobular cancer: good, better, but maybe not the best?
|
BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular cancer (ILC) of the breast is difficult to diagnose clinically and radiologically. It is hoped that preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve evaluation of extent of disease.METHODS: Patients diagnosed with ILC at a single institution from 2001 to 2008 who underwent clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography, ultrasound, and MRI were studied retrospectively. Concordance between tumor size on imaging/CBE and pathologic size was defined as size within ± 0.5 cm. Pearson correlation coefficients (R) were calculated for each modality. Local recurrence and re-excision rates were compared with those patients with ILC who did not undergo preoperative MRI.RESULTS: Seventy patients with ILC had all imaging modalities, including CBE, performed preoperatively. The sensitivity for detection of ILC by MRI was 99%. MRI-based tumor size was concordant with pathologic tumor size in 56% of tumors. MRI overestimated tumor size by >0.5 cm in 31% of tumors. Correlation of tumor size on imaging with final pathology was better for MRI (R = 0.75) than for mammography (R = 0.65), CBE (R = 0.63), or ultrasound (R = 0.45, all P < 0.01). Preoperative MRI was associated with lower reoperation rates for close/positive margins (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: For ILC, MRI has better sensitivity of detection and correlation with tumor size at pathology than CBE, mammography, or ultrasound. However, 31% of cases are overestimated by MRI, and correlation remains only at 0.75. The select use of MRI for preoperative estimation of tumor size in ILC is supported by our data, but the need for improvement and refinement of imaging remains.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Lobular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Mammary']
| 20,853,043
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.305', 'C04.557.470.615.305', 'C04.588.180.437', 'C17.800.090.500.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850.860', 'E01.370.378.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Determination of the effect of acetylation of specific lysine residues in human growth hormone on its affinity for somatogenic receptors by an affinity selection technique.
|
A technique is described to study the effect of acetylation of individual lysine residues in peptide hormones on the affinity for their receptors, and is illustrated for the case of human growth hormone (hGH) binding to somatogenic receptors. The hGH was partially acetylated with high specific activity [3H]-acetic anhydride and the product ([3H]-Ac-hGH) was incubated with solubilised affinity-purified somatogenic receptors (from male rat liver) in the presence and absence of excess unlabelled hGH. The receptor-bound and unbound labelled hormone were separated by gel filtration and subjected to HPLC tryptic peptide mapping after the addition of cold carrier Ac-hGH. Peaks of [3H] radioactivity were assigned to peptides corresponding to the acetylation of specific lysine residues in the hGH sequence by amino acid analysis and sequencing. Comparison of the relative intensities of corresponding [3H] peaks in the peptide maps of added receptor, bound and unbound [3H]-Ac-hGH, enabled the relative receptor-binding potencies of different acetylated hGH species to be determined. Acetylation of lysine 168 or 172 in hGH greatly decreases its receptor-binding affinity, acetylation of lysine 115 probably causes a minor decrease, whereas acetylation of lysines 38, 70, and the N-terminal amino group have no appreciable effect. Acetylation of lysine 140 causes a significant increase in receptor-binding affinity.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Lysine', 'Male', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Somatotropin', 'Trypsin']
| 3,122,756
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.555.770', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Delayed cerebrospinal-fluid shunt infection in children.
|
Twelve patients with shunt infection occurring more than 6 months following shunt implantation or revision were identified and their charts reviewed. These cases were accumulated over a 9-year period, and delays from shunt surgery to detection were as long as 11 years. For 5 patients, no antecedent infection or surgery could be identified as a presumptive cause of the shunt infection. Propionibacterium species and Staphylococcus epidermidis species were the most common organisms identified. The risk of late onset of infection at this institution is less than 1% per year.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Child', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'North Carolina', 'Peritoneum', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 2,702,349
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B03'], ['C01.150.252'], ['G06.099'], ['E04.035.188', 'E04.525.170'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Marek's disease vaccines.
|
Marek's disease (MD) vaccines have been in almost universal use since the early 1970's and constitute the first effective practical means for the control of any neoplastic disease in man or animals. Five types have been described: 1) attenuated variants of oncogenic strains (Serotype 1) of Marek's disease virus (MDV) produced by serial passage in cultured cells; 2) naturally nononcogenic MDV strains (Serotype 2); 3) nononcogenic herpesvirus from turkeys (HVT, Serotype 3); 4) inactivated cells or cell membrane components from infected cell cultures containing viral-associated antigens; 5) inactivated cells or membrane components from lymphoblastoid MD tumor cell lines containing presumed tumor-associated antigens. HVT vaccines, in either cell-associated or cell-free form, are most frequently used for vaccination of commercial flocks. Both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are mounted and each may contribute to vaccinal immunity. Probably the most significant responses are against the early (cytolytic) phase of MDV infection, although vaccines apparently also induce a response against tumor-specific antigens as well.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Birds', 'Herpesvirus 2, Gallid', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Marek Disease', 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 6,299,850
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D23.050.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['B04.280.382.100.562.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['C01.925.256.466.650', 'C01.925.928.489', 'C15.604.515.700', 'C20.683.515.840', 'C22.131.546'], ['D20.215.894.811'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-resolution magic angle spinning NMR studies for metabolic characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with enhanced growth characteristics.
|
Developing smart crops which yield more biomass to meet the increasing demand for plant biomass has been an active area of research in last few decades. We investigated metabolic alterations in two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with enhanced growth characteristics that were previously obtained from a collection of plant lines expressing artificial transcription factors. The metabolic profiles were obtained directly from intact Arabidopsis leaves using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. Multivariate analysis showed significant alteration of metabolite levels between the mutants and the wild-type Col-0. Interestingly, most of the metabolites that were reduced in the faster-growing mutants are generally involved in the defence against stress. These results suggest a growth-defence trade-off in the phenotypically engineered mutants. Our results further corroborate the idea that plant growth can be enhanced by suppressing defence pathways.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Metabolome', 'Metabolomics', 'Models, Biological', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Development']
| 30,596,736
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G03.500'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.695'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wolf's isotopic response: rosacea appearing at the site of healed herpes zoster.
|
A 40-year-old man developed an erythematous rash on the right side of his face 3 weeks after a herpes zoster infection at the same location. Examination revealed an erythematous papular eruption and telangiectasias along the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the right trigeminal nerve, exactly at the site of the consistent with previous herpes zoster infection, Wolf's isotopic response. Histological examination showed vascular ectatic dilatation and perivascular and perifollicular infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes consistent with rosacea. The rash was resistant to oral doxycycline and topical metronidazole 1% cream and resolved with oral isotretinoin therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Face', 'Herpes Zoster', 'Humans', 'Isotretinoin', 'Male', 'Rosacea', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,867,001
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.456.505'], ['C01.925.256.466.930.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.325', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.325', 'D02.455.849.131.495.325', 'D23.767.261.700.325'], ['C17.800.716'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Religious predictors of cigarette smoking: findings for African American women of childbearing age.
|
Data from a community-based survey of 252 African American women 18 to 44 years of age were used to examine the relation between cigarette smoking and two measures of religious involvement. Findings indicated that cigarette smoking among African American women of childbearing age is related to their denominational affiliation. Specifically, Pentecostal women had significantly lower odds of being a current smoker and higher odds of quitting smoking than did women who belonged to other religious denominations. No significant association was found, however, between smoking and the degree of religiosity. Older age and lower level of education predicted current smoking, whereas having few daily hassles was associated with quitting smoking.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Prevalence', 'Probability', 'Religion', 'Smoking', 'Stress, Psychological', 'United States', "Women's Health"]
| 7,919,633
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['K01.844'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of inhalation-to-perfusion ratio in anesthetized dogs with barrel-shaped thorax vs dogs with deep thorax.
|
Interregional, as well as intraregional (local), distributions of the inhalation-to-perfusion ratio were analyzed in the lungs of 20 prone anesthetized healthy dogs--10 dogs with barrel-shaped thorax (Beagles) and 10 dogs with deep thorax (Greyhound-type dogs)--using 99mTc inhalation-perfusion lung scintigraphy. Dorsoventral and lateral views were analyzed. In both types of dogs, the ratio between the mean inhalation and perfusion values (interregional mismatching factor gamma) decreased from craniad to caudad and the decrease was more sustained in the right than in the left lung. However, the total decrease was less in Greyhound-type dogs than in Beagles (cranial-to-caudal decrease of 14 and 27%, respectively, in the left lung, and 62 and 56%, respectively, in the right lung). The dorsal-to-ventral distribution of gamma was different in the 2 types of dogs. In Beagles, it increased from dorsal to ventral zones by about 50% of the initial dorsal zone value, whereas in Greyhound-type dogs, only a slight dorsal-to-ventral decrease was evident, with the exception of the more ventral zone. Differences in the intraregional mismatching factor (rho) indicated that the intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion inequalities were more pronounced within the caudal regions and within the ventral zones of the lungs in both types of dogs, and in the more cranial zones in the lungs of Beagles. However, the degree of intraregional mismatching was generally lower in Greyhound-type dogs. Thus, the gravitational force is not the dominating determinant of interregional or intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion ratio distributions in the lungs of anesthetized prone dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Aerosols', 'Animals', 'Breeding', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Thorax', 'Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio']
| 1,892,263
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['A01.923.761'], ['E01.370.386.700.650.900', 'G09.772.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sedimentation by gravity stabilizes plasma glucose for up to 60 minutes.
|
OBJECTIVE: Glucose levels decrease in whole blood in vitro, but there are several methods that minimize the loss, including special tubes and ice. This study evaluated whether sedimentation by gravity in an upright position was a viable alternative.DESIGN: Lithium heparinized blood was collected from 20 individuals without a diagnosis of diabetes. The samples were allowed to sediment at ambient temperature and were tested in quadruplicate at 30 minute intervals. A Repeated Measures ANOVA compared the means of each time-point.RESULTS: Plasma glucose results were not statistically different between 30 minutes and 60 minutes after collection (p = 0.156). At 90 minutes after collection, glucose was significantly different than the initial glucose readings (p <0.001). Each reading thereafter also showed a statistically significant difference from the initial reading.CONCLUSIONS: Samples for glucose measurement are stable in lithium heparin for no longer than 60 minutes when held in an upright position prior to centrifugation.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Specimen Collection', 'Gravitation', 'Heparin', 'Humans']
| 23,967,545
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.225.998.110', 'E04.665.150', 'E05.200.998.110'], ['G01.060.350'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Organization of amphiphiles: XII. Evidence in favor of formation of hydrophobic complexes in aqueous solution.
|
The effects of nonionic surfactants OP-10 and OP-30 (polyoxyethylated octyl phenols with 10 and 30 oxyethylene groups, respectively) in surfactant mixtures with ionic surfactants hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) have been investigated by a conductometric method in conjunction with fluorescence, surface tension, zeta potential, and DLS measurements. The interactions are found to be antagonistic in nature for each of the systems; i.e., micellization of CTAB as well as SDS is hindered on addition of the nonionic surfactants. The antagonism is found to be more prominent in the presence of OP-10 compared to that of OP-30. Two types of mechanistic paths, path A operating below the critical micellar concentration and path B operating beyond the critical micellar concentration of nonionic surfactants, have been suggested. In path A, the retardation in micellization has been attributed to a decrease in monomeric concentration of the ionic surfactants from solution as a result of the formation of a hydrophobic complex between nonionic and ionic surfactants. In path B, the decrease in monomer concentration is due to the solubilization of the ionic surfactant in micelles of the nonionic surfactants in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. A theoretical treatment to the interaction in each ionic-nonionic pair yields a positive value of the interaction parameter supporting the concept of antagonism. The formation of the hydrophobic complex is supported by fluorescence and surface tension measurements. A schematic representation of the stabilization of these hydrophobic complexes has been suggested. The association of ionic surfactants by nonionic micelles is suggested by zeta potential and DLS studies.
|
['Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Micelles', 'Molecular Structure', 'Particle Size', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water']
| 21,396,651
|
[['G02.409'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D27.720.877'], ['G01.906'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The case of Claire Conroy: will administrative review safeguard incompetent patients?
|
The emotional issue of withdrawing feeding tubes from incompetent patients was reviewed recently by the New Jersey Supreme Court in the case of Claire Conroy. The court ruled that artificial feedings do not differ from other life-sustaining treatments and may be withdrawn or withheld if they are against the patient's wishes or best interests. The ruling rejected the tradition of shared decision making by physicians and families of incompetent patients. Instead, the court required the State Ombudsman to investigate cases like that of Claire Conroy as possible cases of elder abuse. Although such review was intended to safeguard vulnerable patients, it may have detrimental effects and impede humane decisions to withhold care. To minimize cumbersome decision-making procedures, physicians should discuss life-sustaining treatment in advance with patients who are still competent. Such discussions should be more specific than is now customary.
|
['Aged', 'Dementia', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Ethics Committees, Clinical', 'Euthanasia', 'Euthanasia, Passive', 'Family', 'Female', 'Government', 'Humans', 'Life Support Care', 'New Jersey', 'Nursing Homes', 'Patient Advocacy', 'Physicians', 'Withholding Treatment']
| 3,085,567
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['K01.752.566.479.147.500', 'N04.452.758.788.300.500', 'N05.350.268.500', 'N05.700.685.300.500'], ['E02.760.905.199', 'I01.880.735.344.500', 'N02.421.585.905.199'], ['E02.760.905.199.500', 'E02.760.952.500', 'N02.421.585.905.199.625', 'N02.421.585.952.500'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['I01.409', 'N03.540.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.440', 'N02.421.585.440'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.525'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['I01.880.604.631', 'N03.706.678'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['E02.760.952', 'N02.421.585.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Quantitative determination of trimebutine maleate and its three metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
|
A sensitive and selective HPLC-MS-MS method was developed for the determination of trimebutine maleate (TM) and its major metabolites N-monodemethyltrimebutine (TM-MPB), N-didemethyltrimebutine (APB) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (TMBA) in human plasma. The analytes were extracted from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographed on a YMC J'sphere C(18) column. The mobile phase consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.5)-methanol (20:80, v/v), and at a flow-rate of 0.2 ml/min. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode using positive-negative switching electrospray ionization (ESI). The method was validated over the concentration range of 1-100 ng/ml for trimebutine maleate and APB, 1-500 ng/ml for MPB, and 50-10,000 ng/ml for TMBA. Inter- and intra-day precision (RSD%) for trimebutine maleate and its three metabolites were all within +/-15% and the accuracy was within 85-115%. The limit of quantitation was 1 ng/ml for trimebutine maleate, TM-MPB and APB, and 50 ng/ml for TMBA. The extraction recovery was on average 58.2% for trimebutine maleate, 69.6% for MPB, 51.2% for APB and 62.5% for TMBA. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of trimebutine maleate and its metabolites in healthy Chinese volunteers.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Trimebutine']
| 12,361,732
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.350.750', 'D02.241.511.390.350.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.350.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.638.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Successful Treatment of Recalcitrant Prurigo with Alitretinoin.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic itch with secondary scratch lesions such as prurigo has a major impact on quality of life. Due to its relapsing nature and often unknown origin, its treatment is challenging.OBJECTIVE: We sought to demonstrate that alitretinoin can be an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment in a patient suffering from chronic itch with concomitant prurigo and psoriatic lesions.METHODS: Case report.RESULTS: After 1 month of alitretinoin treatment (30 mg daily), itch as well as prurigo and psoriasis lesions decreased markedly. Three cycles of alitretinoin were administered, as each cessation of treatment led to relapse of the symptoms after 6-8 weeks. Tapering of the alitretinoin dose (30 mg every second day) after the third cycle allowed to maintain the effects for over 18 months.CONCLUSION: Treatment of refractory prurigo with alitretinoin might be an efficacious alternative to standard therapies. In case of relapse, retreatment with alitretinoin reinduces a further long-lasting response.
|
['Alitretinoin', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Prurigo', 'Pruritus', 'Psoriasis', 'Retreatment', 'Tretinoin']
| 26,304,762
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800.500', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780.500'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.800.674'], ['C17.800.685', 'C23.888.885.625'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['E02.887'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ghrelin Octanoylation Is Completely Stabilized in Biological Samples by Alkyl Fluorophosphonates.
|
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone involved in multiple physiological processes related to energy homeostasis. This hormone features a unique posttranslational serine octanoylation modification catalyzed by the enzyme ghrelin O-acyltransferase, with serine octanoylation essential for ghrelin to bind and activate its cognate receptor. Ghrelin deacylation rapidly occurs in circulation, with both ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin playing important roles in biological signaling. Understanding the regulation and physiological impact of ghrelin signaling requires the ability to rapidly protect ghrelin from deacylation in biological samples such as blood serum or cell lysates to preserve the relative concentrations of ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin. In in vitro ghrelin O-acyltransferase activity assays using insect microsomal protein fractions and mammalian cell lysate and blood serum, we demonstrate that alkyl fluorophosphonate treatment provides rapid, complete, and long-lasting protection of ghrelin acylation against serine ester hydrolysis without interference in enzyme assay or ELISA analysis. Our results support alkyl fluorophosphonate treatment as a general tool for stabilizing ghrelin and improving measurement of ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin concentrations in biochemical and clinical investigations and suggest current estimates for active ghrelin concentration and the ghrelin to desacyl ghrelin ratio in circulation may underestimate in vivo conditions.
|
['Acylation', 'Acyltransferases', 'Animals', 'Fluorides', 'Ghrelin', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phosphates', 'Protein Stability', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Serine']
| 27,623,288
|
[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['D08.811.913.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['D06.472.699.301', 'D12.644.548.322'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G02.111.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.125.154.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Knowledge and attitudes about urinary incontinence among community-dwelling Korean American women.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge and attitudes about urinary incontinence (UI) among Korean American women with incontinence and provide initial information needed to design education programs and culture-specific interventions.SUBJECTS AND SETTING: One hundred eighty-two community-dwelling Korean American women who were 30 years and older and self-identified as having UI were invited to participate in the study. Data collection was conducted in 12 Korean religious organizations.DESIGN: This study uses a cross-sectional descriptive design by means of interviews.INSTRUMENTS: The Incontinence Quiz was used to measure knowledge and attitudes about UI. Higher scores indicate greater knowledge and more positive attitudes.RESULTS: The mean Incontinence Quiz was 4.85 (SD = 2.75) out of 14, which was much lower than the midpoint of 7.0, indicating that respondents tended to have limited knowledge and negative attitudes toward UI. The number of correct responses to the items on the Incontinence Quiz in this sample was lower than that reported in other studies that sampled the general population.CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to improve Korean women's knowledge of, and attitudes toward, UI are needed. WOC and continence nurses should take an active role in educating women about the prevention and treatment of UI.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Arizona', 'Asian Americans', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Cultural Competency', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Korea', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Self Care', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Women']
| 19,287,269
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.100'], ['M01.686.508.200.100', 'M01.686.754.225'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I01.880.853.100.364'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['M01.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nucleoporin-Regulated MAP Kinase Signaling in Immunity to a Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen.
|
Pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MPK) cascades relay signals from activated immune receptors across the nuclear envelope to intranuclear targets. However, in plants, little is known about the spatial control of MAPK signaling. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) nuclear pore complex protein Nup88/MOS7 is essential for immunity to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea The mos7-1 mutation, causing a four-amino acid deletion, compromises B. cinerea-induced activation of the key immunoregulatory MAPKs MPK3/MPK6 and reduces MPK3 protein levels posttranscriptionally. Furthermore, MOS7 contributes to retaining a sufficient MPK3 abundance in the nucleus, which is required for full immunity to B. cinerea Finally, we present a structural model of MOS7 and show that the mos7-1 mutation compromises interactions with Nup98a/b, two phenylalanine-glycine repeat nucleoporins implicated in maintaining the selective nuclear pore complex permeability barrier. Together, our analysis uncovered MOS7 and Nup98 as novel components of plant immunity toward a necrotrophic pathogen and provides mechanistic insights into how these nucleoporins coordinate nucleocytoplasmic transport to mount a robust immune response.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Botrytis', 'Disease Resistance', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Immunoblotting', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Immunity', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 27,591,188
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['B01.300.381.128'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.776.157.530.750.625', 'D12.776.543.585.750.625'], ['G15.610'], ['G12.450.800', 'G15.630'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tryptophan super-repressors with alanine 77 changes.
|
The binding of L-tryptophan to Escherichia coli tryptophan aporepressor enables the holorepressor complex to bind operator DNA tightly. The side chain of residue alanine 77 is located in one of the most flexible regions of Trp repressor, between residues critical for binding DNA. Codon-directed mutagenesis was used to make genes encoding mutant Trp repressors with each of the 19 naturally occurring amino acid changes of Ala77. The 19 mutant proteins are made at the same steady-state levels as wild type. Sensitive challenge phage assays show that 7 of the 19 mutant proteins (Cys, Ser, Val, Leu, Thr, Ile, and Lys) are more active than wild-type protein when tryptophan is limiting in vivo. Among these 7 mutant super-aporepressors, proteins with Cys and Ser changes also are super-holorepressors, because they repress better than wild-type holorepressor when tryptophan is in excess. These results and others suggest that super-aporepressors associate more poorly than wild-type aporepressor with nonspecific DNA. Consistent with this idea, these 7 changes are predicted to disrupt the tertiary structure of aporepressor, but have more limited effects on the structure of holorepressor.
|
['Alanine', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Apoproteins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Tryptophan']
| 8,440,721
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.070'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New method for the accurate characterization of single human skeletal muscle fibres demonstrates a relation between mATPase and MyHC expression in pure and hybrid fibre types.
|
In the present study we have developed a method which, by combining histochemical, immunohistochemical, electrophoretic and immunoblotting analyses on a single fibre, enables a sensitive characterization of human skeletal muscle fibres dissected from freeze-dried biopsy samples. For histochemical (and immunohistochemical) analysis fibre fragments (500 microns) of individual fibres were mounted in an embedding medium to allow cryostat sections of normalized thickness to be reproducibly obtained. The specificity of the myofibrillar Ca2+ ATPase (mATPase) staining profiles in gelatin-embedded single fibre sections was tested by immunohistochemical reactions with anti-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) monoclonal antibodies specific to human MyHC I, IIA, IIB and IIA + IIB and by gel electrophoresis. The combined methodologies demonstrated the specificity of the mATPase staining patterns which correlated to the expression of distinct MyHC isoforms. In addition the results provide evidence that many fibres co-expressed different MyHC isoforms in variable relative amounts, forming a continuum. Staining intensities for mATPase, converted into optical density values by image analysis revealed that a relationship between mATPase and MyHC expression holds for hybrid fibres even when displaying one MyHC type with overwhelming dominance. The results also revealed that three MyHC isoforms I, IIA and IIB can be co-expressed on a single muscle fibre. In such a case mATPase alone, with the current protocols, does not allow an accurate characterization of the specific MyHC-based fibre type(s). Although some hybrid fibres may have displayed a non-uniform expression of myosins along their lengths, most fibres from the IIA/B group (type) remained very stable with respect to the relative amounts of the MyHCs expressed. Finally, a second slow MyHC isoform was recognized on immunoblots of a mixed muscle sample.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Blotting, Western', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Freeze Drying', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Myosins', 'Rabbits', 'Specimen Handling', 'Tissue Embedding']
| 7,751,402
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160.260', 'E02.792.156.260', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160.260', 'E05.760.156.260'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Explaining variations in inpatient length of stay in the National Health Service.
|
This paper seeks to explain variations in acute inpatient length of stay in the National Health Service in England. A model is proposed in which the length of stay is allowed to vary according to patient characteristics, the local supply of NHS care. the local pressure on NHS resources, other non-NHS health care supply factors, and local policy effects. Length of stay data are obtained from the 1991/1992 Hospital Episode Statistics. They are standardized for age, sex and broad specialty group, and are aggregated to the level of small areas with populations of about 10,000. Explanatory variables include socio-economic data from the 1991 Census of Population, health status data, waiting time data, measures of access to inpatient and GP services, and measures of local private health care provision. The paper finds that variability in length of stay is greatest in the over-65 age group. The most important determinants of variations in length of stay are access to NHS hospitals, access to private hospitals, waiting times for elective surgery, indicators of poverty, and indicators of the availability of informal care.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'England', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Services Research', 'Hospitals, Public', 'Humans', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Length of Stay', 'Models, Statistical', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom', 'Waiting Lists']
| 10,159,443
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['N02.278.421.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
MRI measurement of hepatic magnetic susceptibility-phantom validation and normal subject studies.
|
A magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method with the potential for assessing hepatic iron overload from measurements of hepatic magnetic susceptibility in vivo is described. Using the blood in the portal and hepatic veins as an internal reference, this technique uses the orientation dependence of signal phase to measure the susceptibility of the liver parenchyma. Computer simulations were done to investigate the requirements on spatial resolution and contrast ratio between the vessels and the background liver tissue for data acquisition. Validation studies were conducted using tube-embedded gel phantoms doped with iron-dextran from 0 to 10 mg Fe/mL to mimic healthy and iron-overloaded livers. The phantom measurements were conducted without motion and flow, under respiration-like oscillatory motion, and with flow. Studies on six normal human subjects demonstrated excellent reproducibility and precision. All images were collected at 1.5 T using a 3D T(1)-weighted turbo field echo sequence for inflow MR angiographies with full flow compensation and capable of cardiac synchronization, navigator gating, and motion correction.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Iron Overload', 'Liver', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 15,562,494
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.565.500'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E07.671'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation and docking studies of macrocyclic binuclear manganese(II) complexes containing 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl pendant arms.
|
A series of bis(phenoxo) bridged binuclear manganese(II) complexes of the type [Mn2L(1-3)](ClO4)2 (1-3) containing 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl pendant-arms have been synthesized by cyclocondensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-R-phenols (where R=CH3, C(CH3)3 or Br) with 2,2'-3,5-dinitrobenzoyliminodi(ethylamine) trihydrochloride in the presence of manganese(II) perchlorate. The IR spectra of complexes indicate the presence of uncoordinated perchlorate anions. The UV-Vis spectra of complexes suggest the distorted octahedral geometry around manganese(II) nuclei. The EPR spectra of Mn(II) complexes show a broad signal with g value 2.03-2.04, which is characteristic for octahedral high spin Mn(2+) complex. The observed room temperature magnetic moment values of the Mn(II) complexes (5.60-5.62B.M.) are less than the normal value (5.92B.M.), indicating weak antiferromagnetic coupling interaction between the two metal ions. Electrochemical studies of the complexes show two distinct quasi-reversible one electron transfer processes in the cathodic (E(1)pc=-0.73 to -0.76V, E(2)pc=-1.30 to -1.36V), and anodic (E(1)pa=1.02-1.11V, E(2)pa=1.32-1.79V) potential regions. Antibacterial efficacy of complexes have been screened against four Gram (-ve) and two Gram (+ve) bacterial strains. The DNA interaction studies suggest that these complexes bind with CT-DNA by intercalation, giving the binding affinity in the order 1>2>3. All the complexes display significant cleavage activity against circular plasmid pBR322 DNA. Docking simulation was performed to insert complexes into the crystal structure of EGFR tyrosine kinase and B-DNA at active site to determine the probable binding mode.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Coordination Complexes', 'DNA Cleavage', 'Dinitrobenzenes', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Intercalating Agents', 'Manganese', 'Molecular Docking Simulation']
| 25,710,114
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['G02.111.210', 'G05.193'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565.225', 'D02.640.529.240'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B03.440'], ['B03.510'], ['D27.720.470.410.360'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prelining of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts with cultured human endothelial cells isolated from varicose veins.
|
Prelining graft material with autologous functioning endothelial cells might be one of the ultimate requirements to obtain a biocompatible surface. Accordingly, endothelial cells from stripped varicose veins were enzymatically harvested and grown on a fibronectin matrix. Proliferation was investigated in defined medium supplemented with various concentrations of endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS) (25, up to 150 micrograms/ml) and heparin (10(-8), up to 10(-5)mol/L): optimal growth required both 150 micrograms/ml of ECGS and 10(-5)mol/L heparin. Under these conditions, cell culture achieved cell densities at a confluence of 1.2 +/- 1.1 10(5) cells/cm2 with a doubling time of 1 day. During subcultivation cultured cells consistently exhibited characteristic cobblestone morphology and immunofluorescent staining for factor VIII-related antigen, whereas prostacyclin production determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha reached 21.1 +/- 1.2 ng/10(6) cells after 15-minute stimulation with 1 U/ml of thrombin. Heparin-containing culture medium-endothelial cell interactions were particularly studied, and with iodine 125-heparin, binding was demonstrated with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.36 +/- 0.04 mumol/L. A cold storage technique at -80 degrees C was sought, and freezed cells were used to coat in vitro polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Protein-treated material allowed cell attachment and growth to a confluent monolayer as assayed by light and scanning electron microscopy. These data validate the feasibility of prelining grafts in vitro with autologous functioning endothelial cells. This approach may be useful in improving the performance of small-caliber vascular grafts according to prostacyclin production and surface-bound heparin of these cells.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Separation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cold Temperature', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Preservation, Biological', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Varicose Veins']
| 2,643,196
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.695.110'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.251'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['E02.792', 'E05.760'], ['A07.015.908.819'], ['C14.907.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of cost effective diagnostic tools in characterisation of Acute Leukemia in Southern India.
|
The incidence of Acute Leukemia (AL) subtypes varies according to geographical distribution and more predominant in developing countries. The aim here was to evaluate the usefulness of cost effective diagnostic tools in characterization of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in resource poor population. One hundred and two AL cases were diagnosed. For diagnosis, cytochemical analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed. Among the children < 12 years, ALL was 64.3% while AML accounted for 30%. In patients > 12 years, ALL was 59.4% and AML was 31.3%. The B-ALL occurred most frequently than T-ALL in both the age groups while based on immunophenotyping in AML, CD13 was the most commonly expressed antigen. Hence, cost effective diagnostic tools namely the immunophenotyping and cytochemistry are useful and improve accuracy and rapidly risk-stratify patients that were diagnosed with acute leukemia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Developing Countries', 'Female', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'India', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Receptors, Immunologic']
| 27,080,214
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.705']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Characteristics of 1573 healthcare workers who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy.
|
OBJECTIVES: The management of healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a matter of debate. We aimed to assess in this group the attack rate of asymptomatic carriers and the symptoms most frequently associated with infection.METHODS: Occupational and clinical characteristics of HCWs who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a university hospital from 24 February 2020 to 31 March 2020 were collected. For those who tested positive and for those who tested positive but who were asymptomatic, we checked the laboratory and clinical data as of 22 May to calculate the time necessary for HCWs to then test negative and to verify whether symptoms developed thereafter. Frequencies of positive tests were compared according to selected variables using multivariable logistic regression models.RESULTS: There were 139 positive tests (8.8%) among 1573 HCWs (95% confidence interval, 7.5-10.3), with a marked difference between symptomatic (122/503, 24.2%) and asymptomatic (17/1070, 1.6%) workers (p < 0.001). Physicians were the group with the highest frequency of positive tests (61/582, 10.5%), whereas clerical workers and technicians had the lowest frequency (5/137, 3.6%). The likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 increased with the number of reported symptoms; the strongest predictors of test positivity were taste and smell alterations (odds ratio = 76.9) and fever (odds ratio = 9.12). The median time from first positive test to a negative test was 27 days (95% confidence interval, 24-30).CONCLUSIONS: HCWs can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 without displaying any symptoms. Among symptomatic HCWs, the key symptoms to guide diagnosis are taste and smell alterations and fever. A median of almost 4 weeks is necessary before nasopharyngeal swab test results are negative.
|
['Adult', 'Asymptomatic Diseases', 'Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'COVID-19 Testing', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Convalescence', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Health Personnel', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasopharynx', 'Olfaction Disorders', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'Prognosis', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'SARS-CoV-2']
| 32,569,835
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.187'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['E01.370.225.312', 'E05.200.312'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['C23.550.291.562'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.500'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['C10.597.751.600', 'C23.888.592.763.550'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A novel phosphoprotein is induced during bone marrow commitment to dendritic cells.
|
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in vertebrate immunity, but little is known of the molecular events associated with their development from bone marrow (BM). This report describes induction of a signature protein marking BM commitment to DCs. Using a standard procedure, DCs were generated from BM by cultivation in vitro. Appropriate phenotypic monitoring was done primarily by immunofluorescence, and polyclonal antibody reagents were developed against immature DC lysates. Using one specific antibody reagent, we identified, purified, and sequenced a unique cytosolic phosphoprotein DP58 that occurs within 30 min during BM commitment to DCs. Its sequence matches with a computationally predicted Riken cDNA (GenBank Accession No. XP_138799), and a specific anti-DP58 peptide antibody was developed for further characterization. The study suggests that DP58 induction signals distinct pathway(s) leading to early DC progenitors that may be generated and propagated for a short period in vitro.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Rabbits', 'Stem Cells']
| 15,358,210
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.744'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improved catalytic and stereoselective glycosylation with glycosyl N-trichloroacetylcarbamate: application to various 1-hydroxy sugars.
|
Efficient catalytic and stereoselective glycosylation was achieved by activating a glycosyl N-trichloroacetylcarbamate with a catalytic amount of Lewis acid in the presence of a glycosyl acceptor and 5A molecular sieves. Catalytic one-pot dehydrative glycosylation of a 1-hydroxy carbohydrate was achieved stereoselectively by reaction with trichloroacetyl isocyanate, followed by activation with a catalytic amount of activators.
|
['Carbamates', 'Carbohydrates', 'Catalysis', 'Glycosylation', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 20,207,348
|
[['D02.241.081.251'], ['D09'], ['G02.130'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiac Troponin T Release after Football 7 in Healthy Children and Adults.
|
The objective of this study was to compare the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) after a football 7 match between two cohorts of children and adult players. Thirty-six male football players (children = 24, adult = 12) played a football 7 match, and cTnT was measured before, and 3 h after exercise. Concentrations of cTnT were compared between groups and time, and correlated with participants' characteristics, as well as internal and external exercise load. Cardiac troponin T was elevated in all participants (p < 0.001), and exceeded the upper reference limit for myocardial infarction in 25 (~70%) of them. Baseline concentrations were higher in adults (p < 0.001), but the elevation of cTnT was comparable between the groups (p = 0.37). Age (p < 0.001), body mass (p = 0.001) and height (p < 0.001), and training experience (p = 0.001) were associated to baseline cTnT values, while distance (p < 0.001), mean speed (p < 0.001), and peak (p = 0.013) and mean (p = 0.016) heart rate were associated to the elevation of cTnT. The present study suggests that a football 7 match evoked elevations of cTnT during the subsequent hours in healthy players regardless of their age. However, adults might present higher resting values of cTnT than children. In addition, results suggest that the exercise-induced elevations of cTnT might be mediated by exercise load but not participant characteristics.
|
['Adult', 'Athletes', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Soccer', 'Troponin T']
| 32,033,112
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.072'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['I03.450.642.845.800'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The functional interactions between CD98, beta1-integrins, and CD147 in the induction of U937 homotypic aggregation.
|
CD98 is expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and has been implicated in a variety of different aspects of cell physiology and immunobiology. In this study, the functional interactions between CD98 and other adhesion molecules on the surface of the promonocyte line U937 are examined by means of a quantitative assay of cell aggregation. Several of the CD98 antibodies induced homotypic aggregation of these cells without affecting cellular viability or growth. Aggregation induced by CD98 antibodies could be distinguished from that induced by beta1-integrin (CD29) ligation by lack of sensitivity to EDTA and by increased sensitivity to deoxyglucose. Aggregation induced via CD98 and CD29 could also be distinguished by the pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced. Some CD29 antibodies partially inhibited CD98-induced aggregation, and these antibodies were neither agonistic for aggregation nor inhibitors of beta1-integrin binding to substrates. Conversely, some CD98 antibodies were potent inhibitors of CD29-induced aggregation. Antibodies to beta2 integrins also partially inhibited CD98-induced aggregation. Unexpectedly, 2 antibodies to CD147, an immunoglobulin superfamily member whose function has remained unclear, were also potent inhibitors of both the aggregation and the protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced via CD98 ligation. The results of this study support a central role for CD98 within a multimolecular unit that regulates cell aggregation.
|
['Antibodies', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Avian Proteins', 'Basigin', 'Blood Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Death', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Edetic Acid', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Fusion Regulatory Protein-1', 'Humans', 'Integrin beta1', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Monocytes', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphotyrosine', 'U937 Cells']
| 11,435,306
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D12.776.095'], ['D12.776.395.550.045', 'D12.776.543.550.187', 'D23.050.285.040'], ['D12.776.124'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.146'], ['D09.254.229'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.200.374.750.500', 'D12.776.157.530.200.500.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.313.500', 'D12.776.543.585.200.374.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.200.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.313.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.750', 'D12.125.740.740'], ['A11.251.210.190.880', 'A11.251.860.180.880', 'A11.627.482.665.500', 'A11.627.624.249.500', 'A11.627.635.675.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA separation by capillary electrophoresis with hydrophilic substituted celluloses as coating and sieving polymers. Application to the analysis of genetically modified meals.
|
A coating procedure based on the physical adsorption of hydroxypropyl cellulose onto the wall of a capillary column has been successfully used for the separation of DNA fragments up to 500 bp. The method uses a running Tris-phosphate-EDTA buffer containing 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose as sieving polymer. The separation procedure shows good reproducibility (measured as RSD%) for consecutive runs (<0.64), for different days (< 1.15) and capillaries (<2.15), short analysis times, and a long coating lifetime. Good reproducibility and efficiency are even achieved by performing the separation in the presence of additives such as ethidium bromide and mannitol. The method is applied to the detection of GMOs in soybean and maize meals with an accurate evaluation of the length of DNA sequences, previously amplified by polymerase chain reaction.
|
['Adsorption', 'Buffers', 'Cellulose', 'DNA, Plant', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Food Analysis', 'Food, Genetically Modified', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Soybeans', 'Zea mays']
| 15,638,166
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['G07.203.300.518', 'J02.500.518'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Francisella Tularensis Clades B.FTN002-00 and B.13 Are Associated With Distinct Pathology in the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus).
|
Tularemia is a severe disease caused by Francisella tularensis This bacterium has a major pathogenic potential in countless animal species as well as in humans. Despite the relatively significant body of literature available on this microorganism, many questions are still open concerning its biological cycle in the environment, the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease, the possible routes of infection in animals, and the pathologic and ecological relevance of the distinct phylogenetic clusters of F. tularensis In order to address these questions, we have thoroughly characterized the pathology and microbiology of terminally ill European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) infected with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, collected in Switzerland from 2012 to 2014. F tularensis isolates were typed by defining their phylogenetic clusters. We showed that the pathology associated with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica belonging to the clade B.FTNF002-00 is different from that previously reported to be associated with the clade B.13. In particular, strains of the clade B.FTNF002-00 were almost invariably associated with splenitis and hepatitis and not with the polyserositis affecting pleura, pericardium, and kidney reported in the literature for infections caused by the clade B.13. We describe findings suggesting that the ports of entry for the bacteria might be the respiratory and digestive routes.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Female', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Hares', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tularemia']
| 26,933,097
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['B03.440.400.425.340.590', 'B03.660.250.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.900', 'C01.920.930.943']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cometabolic biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol by sequencing batch reactors at different temperatures.
|
The simultaneous removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and phenol in lab-scale sequencing batch reactors at different temperatures has been studied. Phenol feed concentration was fixed at 525 mg/L and 4-CP concentration was increased from 105 to 2100 mg/L at a constant hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 10.5 d. Complete phenol and 4-CP biodegradation was achieved during the aerobic stage working with 4-CP concentrations up to 1470 mg/L in the feed. Both 4-CP and phenol specific initial removal rates were strongly affected by 4-CP feed concentration and temperature. Only at the highest temperature tested (35 degrees C) it was possible to increase the maximum assimilative 4-CP concentration by the biological sludge up to 2100 mg/L, and a significant reduction of the ecotoxicity of the effluents was observed. 4-chlorocatechol (4-CC) was identified as the major intermediate in the aerobic cometabolic 4-CP degradation, being the ecotoxicity of that species substantially lower than that of 4-CP.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Anaerobiosis', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Biomass', 'Bioreactors', 'Chlorophenols', 'Ecotoxicology', 'Kinetics', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Phenols', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 19,450,978
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.261.190', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.190'], ['H01.158.273.248.500', 'H01.158.891.211', 'H01.277.249.500', 'H02.884.211'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Observing washing and dressing of stroke patients: nursing intervention compared with occupational therapists. What is the difference?
|
This study sought to compare the interventions of qualified nurses with those of occupational therapists during morning care with the same population of stroke patients. Nonparticipant structured observation was used to identify the activities and interventions carried out by each of the two groups in a naturalistic care setting. Approval for the study was granted by the local ethics committee. In order to allow comparison between pairs, staff-patient interactions during morning care (n=10) were observed by a single researcher, firstly, with an occupational therapist and within 3 days of this, with a nurse. Twenty observation sessions were recorded in total during which time the activities, contacts and interactions were coded and recorded at 20-second intervals on a standard proforma. Analysis was undertaken using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows. The results showed that occupational therapists used 'prompting and instructing' commands more than nurses and used facilitation techniques significantly more (P=0.0283). 'Supervision' interactions were preferred by nurses with 42.1% of their time spent performing this activity compared with 25.1% for occupational therapists. These results are limited to the group under observation. It is suggested that the reasons for the observed differences in intervention styles used by occupational therapists and nurses may be attributed to the approach taken to the assessment and treatment of stroke patients. This difference might be attributed to a lack of preparation for specialist neurological/neurovascular practices of nurses working in the field of stroke rehabilitation.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Baths', 'Education, Nursing', 'England', 'Humans', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Stroke', 'Stroke Rehabilitation']
| 11,155,113
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['E02.056.110'], ['I02.358.462'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.489', 'E02.831.489', 'H02.010.500'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Deleterious effects of purulent sputum sol on human ciliary function in vitro: at least two factors identified.
|
Patients with chronic bronchial sepsis have impaired mucociliary clearance. A study was carried out on the effect of sputum sol (obtained by rapid centrifugation of purulent sputum) from 20 patients with chronic bronchial sepsis on the beating of human nasal cilia in vitro by a photometric technique. Thirteen sols caused significant (p less than 0.001) ciliary slowing. Two patterns of slowing were observed: firstly, a gradual onset associated with epithelial disruption (inhibited by alpha 1 antiprotease) and, secondly, an immediate onset associated with ciliary dyskinesia and ciliostasis (inhibited by chloroform extraction). The ciliary slowing activity of sputum sols was associated with the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that purulent sputum contains at least two factors that impair ciliary beating--one a serine protease, which is probably a product released by the host's phagocytic defences, and the other, which is chloroform extractable and probably a bacterial product.
|
['Bronchiectasis', 'Chloroform', 'Cilia', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Endopeptidases', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Sputum']
| 3,303,429
|
[['C08.127.384'], ['D02.455.526.439.224', 'D02.455.526.913.810'], ['A11.284.180.165'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['A12.200.808']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Study of the effects of education on the management of urine drainage systems by patients and carers.
|
A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to test the effects of an education programme, which included an information booklet and demonstration, on the management of urine drainage systems by patients and carers. A total of 45 patients, new and established users, were included. Data were collected at pretest, test and follow-up visits. The education programme was found to improve significantly the performance of handwashing after bag emptying and before and after bag changing, although this effect did not persist over time. The findings are discussed with a number of conclusions drawn and recommendations for nursing practice.
|
['Aged', 'Bacteriuria', 'Female', 'Hand Disinfection', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pamphlets', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Program Evaluation', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Self Care', 'Urinary Catheterization']
| 2,193,045
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.915.219', 'C12.777.892.219', 'C13.351.968.892.219'], ['N06.850.670.150.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.178.682.707'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Stapling techniques to facilitate resection of the head of the pancreas.
|
Thirteen patients underwent duodenocephalopancreatectomy (DCP) with the mechanical staplers to divide the pancreatic neck and to secure haemostasis of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. The stapling techniques used on the pancreas are described. In nine patients with DCP the stapled distal pancreas was anastomosed to the jejunum with Roux-en-Y drainage; one pancreatic complication and no deaths were observed. In four other patients undergoing DCP who were at high risk for severely compromised general conditions, reconstruction of the digestive tract was simplified by leaving the stapled distal pancreas definitively closed: pancreatic complications were recorded in two cases, with no deaths. Mechanical staplers considerably facilitated resection of the neck of the pancreas and of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. All 13 patients who underwent DCP with the use of stapler techniques on the pancreas, including four high-risk patients, were discharged to convalesce on an oral diet after a median postoperative hospital stay of 23 days (range 16-90 days).
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y', 'Choledochostomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jejunostomy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreaticojejunostomy', 'Surgical Staplers']
| 1,941,738
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035.070', 'E04.210.070'], ['E04.035.200', 'E04.210.120.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.210.338.523', 'E04.579.338.523'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.734'], ['E04.035.703', 'E04.210.762'], ['E07.858.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Predictions through evidence accumulation over time.
|
It has been proposed that the brain specializes in predicting future states of the environment. These predictions are probabilistic, and must be continuously updated on the basis of their mismatch with actual evidence. Although electrophysiological data disclose neural activity patterns in relation to predictive processes, little is known about how this activity supports prediction build-up through evidence accumulation. Here we addressed this gap. Participants were required to make moment-by-moment predictions about stimuli presented in sequences in which gathering evidence from previous items as they were presented was either possible or not. Two event-related potentials (ERP), a frontocentral P2 and a central P3, were sensitive to information accumulation throughout the sequence. Time-frequency (TF) analyses revealed that prediction build-up process also modulated centrally distributed theta activity, and that alpha power was suppressed in anticipation to fully predictable stimuli. Results are in agreement with the notion of predictions as probability distributions and highlight the ability of observers to extract those probabilities in a changing environment and to adjust their predictions consequently.
|
['Adult', 'Anticipation, Psychological', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Probability', 'Young Adult']
| 29,323,172
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.093'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Theophylline serum levels unmodified by postprandial administration of a sustained-release preparation (Teonova).
|
The authors studied serum theophylline levels after administration of new single-dose capsules: Teonova. Special attention was paid to possible fluctuations of serum theophylline after administration of the drug following a standardized meal. For this purpose a test was carried out on eight male patients with intrinsic asthma. The patients were given a dose able to produce a serum concentration of theophylline of between 10 mcg and 20 mcg at the tenth hour after the administration. This dose was found to be 400 mg (2 tablets of 200 mg) for one patient and 600 mg (2 tablets of 300 mg) for the remaining seven. The capsules of Teonova were administered to each patient for two subsequent days at 07h00. On the first day the patients had their capsules after fasting, and on the second day after a standardized meal. The test proved that Teonova assured a satisfactory serum theophylline level throughout the 24 hours in all patients; food in no way affected the absorption kinetics of the drug. Such features make Teonova suitable for long-term theophylline therapy.
|
['Aged', 'Asthma', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Theophylline']
| 3,366,501
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Moral enhancement, gnosticism, and some philosophical paradoxes.
|
This article examines the concept of moral enhancement from two different perspectives. The first is a bottom-up approach, which aims at identifying fundamental moral traits and subcapacities as targets for enhancement. The second perspective, a top-down approach, is holistic and in line with virtue ethics. Both perspectives lead to the observation that alterations of material and social conditions are the most reliable means to improve prosocial behavior overall. Moral enhancement as a preventive measure invokes Gnostic narratives on the allegedly fallen status of human nature, its search for salvation, and the dependence of the laity on heteronomous salvific interventions. The allure of the preventive kind of enhancement is attributable to its religious hues. Owing to the absence of clarity regarding moral enhancement and of metrics to evaluate its progress, humanity is at risk of prioritizing unclear and unsubstantiated measures of preventive diminishment at the expense of celebrating human capacities and joys.
|
['Biological Evolution', 'Cognition', 'Humans', 'Moral Development', 'Morals', 'Religion', 'Social Values', 'Spirituality', 'Virtues']
| 25,473,860
|
[['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.747.616', 'F01.829.500.679', 'K01.752.566.739'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['K01.844'], ['F01.829.873'], ['F02.880.705', 'K01.844.664.500'], ['F01.829.500.840', 'K01.752.566.934']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Absorption of lithium following administration of slow-release and conventional preparations.
|
The plasma lithium levels of 18 subjects receiving one standard and two slow-release preparations of lithium carbonate were measured at frequent intervals during the 24 hours following oral ingestion of a single dose of the drug. Although the slow-release tablets showed slow-release in vitro, this was not so in vivo. One slow-release preparation, in particular, was ineffectively absorbed by some subjects. There was no difference in the rate of absorption and excretion between the other slow-release product and the standard BP preparation. The implications of the results are discussed.
|
['Absorption', 'Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biological Availability', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lithium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 935,297
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term survival in a patient with low-level inflammatory markers and liver metastasis, converted resectable by TACE.
|
Case report presents the successful treatment of unresectable liver metastasis in a patient with colon cancer. A 44-year-old male underwent right hemicolectomy followed by capecitabine for a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon. 2 years later, a liver metastatic lesion was detected and had increased in size despite chemotherapy with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX). Curative liver resection was conducted after conversion of unresectable tumor to resectable by transarterial chemoembolization followed by chemotherapy - irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (FOLFIRI). No recurrence was observed during 22-month follow-up after hepatectomy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Camptothecin', 'Capecitabine', 'Chemoembolization, Therapeutic', 'Colectomy', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Fluorouracil', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Irinotecan', 'Leucovorin', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Microspheres', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Remission Induction']
| 29,032,738
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['D03.132.151'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.425', 'D03.383.742.698.875.404.425', 'D13.570.230.329.313', 'D13.570.685.245.500.425'], ['E02.520.360.150', 'E02.926.500.150'], ['E04.210.219'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.469'], ['D03.132.151.425'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800.350.450', 'D08.211.840.300.500'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E07.565'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['E02.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of ionophores on steroidogenesis and morphology of avian granulosa cells.
|
Granulosa cells, isolated by collagenase digestion from the mature ovarian follicle of laying hens, were incubated in the presence of two ionophores, lasalocid (X537A) and ionomycin, to determine their effects on basal and stimulated steroidogenesis, as well as their effects on various cell parameters including DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Both ionophores caused a dose-dependent inhibition of agonist-promoted progesterone production and, in the presence of calcium, a small but significant increase in basal output of progesterone. Whereas the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone was unaffected by the ionophores, the activity of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme was inhibited in a dose-related manner. Both ionophores decreased cellular levels of ATP and inhibited the incorporation of radioactively-labeled precursors into DNA, RNA, and proteins. Morphologically, ionophore-treated cells showed swelling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Similar morphological changes were also observed in cells treated with oligomycin, a known metabolic inhibitor. These results suggest that the ionophores lasalocid and ionomycin impair release of energy and thereby exert the principal cause of the inhibited steroidogenic response by granulosa cells to a variety of agonists.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Ethers', 'Female', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Hydroxycholesterols', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ionomycin', 'Kinetics', 'Lasalocid', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mitochondria', 'Progesterone']
| 3,607,849
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D02.355'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.800.500', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.800.500', 'D10.570.938.208.825.500'], ['E05.481'], ['D10.251.355.391'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.312.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monitoring phase behavior of sub- and supercritical CO2 confined in porous fractal silica with 85% porosity.
|
Phase behavior of CO(2) confined in porous fractal silica with volume fraction of SiO(2) phi(s) = 0.15 was investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) techniques. The range of fluid densities (0 < (rho(CO(2)))(bulk) < 0.977 g/cm(3)) and temperatures (T = 22 degrees C, 35 and 60 degrees C) corresponded to gaseous, liquid, near critical and supercritical conditions of the bulk fluid. The results revealed formation of a dense adsorbed phase in small pores with sizes D < 40 A at all temperatures. At low pressure (P < 55 bar, (rho(CO(2)))(bulk) < 0.2 g/cm(3)) the average fluid density in pores may exceed the density of bulk fluid by a factor up to 6.5 at T = 22 degrees C. This "enrichment factor" gradually decreases with temperature, however significant fluid densification in small pores still exists at temperature T = 60 degrees C, i.e., far above the liquid-gas critical temperature of bulk CO(2) (T(C) = 31.1 degrees C). Larger pores are only partially filled with liquid-like adsorbed layer which coexists with unadsorbed fluid in the pore core. With increasing pressure, all pores become uniformly filled with the fluid, showing no measurable enrichment or depletion of the porous matrix with CO(2).
|
['Carbon Dioxide', 'Fractals', 'Neutron Diffraction', 'Porosity', 'Pressure', 'Scattering, Small Angle', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Temperature']
| 20,043,698
|
[['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E05.599.125', 'G17.290'], ['E05.196.309.555', 'E05.196.822.650', 'G01.867.650', 'G02.551'], ['G01.374.710'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.196.822.830', 'G01.867.755'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Radical excision and reconstruction of chronic tibial osteomyelitis with microvascular muscle flaps.
|
We report a series of 21 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia treated with microvascular muscle flap reconstruction. All patients underwent a radical bone and soft-tissue excision until healthy, well-bleeding tissue was exposed. Six patients required cancellous bone grafting. Latissimus dorsi was used in 14 patients, gracilis in 4, and rectus abdominis in 4. One gracilis flap was lost due to vessel thrombosis and was replaced with a rectus abdominis free flap. Average follow-up was 2.5 years. There was no evidence of clinical infection in 20 patients at follow-up; the bone had healed, the soft-tissue cover was stable, and the laboratory parameters were normal. Bone infection recurred in 1 patient, resulting in a below-knee amputation. The radical excision of infected bone and affected soft tissue and reconstruction with a well-vascularized large free-muscle flap is an excellent solution in most difficult chronically infected cases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Tibia', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,871,378
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Prescribing valproate to girls and women of childbearing age in Germany : Analysis of trends based on claims data].
|
BACKGROUND: Measures to raise awareness of the teratogenic potential of valproate and restrict its use in girls/women of childbearing age have been intensified. For Germany, the impact of these measures on valproate prescription rates remains unknown.OBJECTIVES: Trends in prescribing valproate, the underlying treatment indication, and the specialty of the prescribing physician are analyzed.MATERIALS AND METHODS: With claims data from several statutory health insurance providers from 2004 to 2016 (approximately 3.5 million insured persons per year) considering treatment indication and medical specialties of prescribing physicians, we assessed the rate of girls/women (12 to 50 years) with at least one valproate dispensation per year.RESULTS: The age-standardized rate of girls/women with at least one valproate dispensation declined by 28% between 2004 and 2016 (2.91/1000 vs. 2.09/1000). For 2015, the indications were epilepsy (66.9%), bipolar disorder (13.6%), migraine/headache (5.6%), schizoaffective disorder (4.3%), and other mental disorders (8.9%). Among epilepsy patients, the proportion treated with valproate declined from 26.2 to 16.8%, but changed little in patients with bipolar disorder (9.3% vs. 8.0%). A total of 46.3% of valproate dispensations were issued by neurologists or psychiatrists and 29.6% by general practitioners, internal medicine specialists, or family doctors.CONCLUSIONS: Based on German claims data, a decline of valproate dispensations was shown for epilepsy patients of childbearing age, while the proportion in other indications has hardly changed since 2004.
|
['Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Antimanic Agents', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Utilization', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Migraine Disorders', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Valproic Acid']
| 29,922,910
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.025', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.025'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['D02.241.081.944.509.900', 'D10.251.400.895.593.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy].
|
Pregnancy in the context of pulmonary hypertension is characterised by high mortality for the mother and the foetus and is therefore strongly discouraged ; contraception has to be prescribed to patients in reproductive age. Women who decide to continue their pregnancy should be followed by multidisciplinary teams in specialised centres. A specific treatment should be defined with no delay. In case of clinical deterioration, the early, intravenous administration of prostacyclin should be considered. The ideal time and method of delivery are still disputed.
|
['Contraception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular']
| 29,143,500
|
[['E02.875.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.634', 'C14.583']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of enalapril or spironolactone on experimental cyclosporin nephrotoxicity.
|
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats treated daily for 14 days with 50 mg/kg cyclosporin A (CsA) exhibited nephrotoxicity, characterized by reduced glomerular filtration rate, decreased urinary sodium and potassium flow, tubular enzymuria and proximal tubular structural damage. Elevations in plasma renin activity (PRA) were observed on day 4, but returned to normal within 7 days. Co-treatment of animals for the 14 day period with enalapril (8 mg/kg/day), a potent inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), or spironolactone (25 mg/kg/day), the distal tubular antagonist of aldosterone, reduced the nephrotoxicity, although PRA remained elevated. Neither enalapril nor spironolactone affected circulating CsA levels. These data suggest that the action of aldosterone on the distal tubule may be important in the pathogenesis of CsA nephrotoxicity.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Animals', 'Cyclosporins', 'Enalapril', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Renin', 'Sodium', 'Spironolactone']
| 3,030,332
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D02.540.679', 'D04.210.500.745.745.855']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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