Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genetic counselling in hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia (HOOD, nail-patella syndrome) with nephropathy.
|
Hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia (HOOD, nail-patella syndrome) is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by nail dysplasia, patellar hypoplasia or aplasia, and nephropathy. The risk for HOOD patients to have a child with HOOD who will develop renal failure cannot easily be deduced from published pedigrees. We have studied a large family with 30 patients with HOOD and have analysed 34 kindreds with HOOD nephropathy from published reports, comprising 213 patients. For a patient with HOOD from a family in which HOOD nephropathy occurs, the risk of having a child with HOOD nephropathy is about 1:4; the risk of having a child in whom renal failure will develop is about 1:10.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Nail-Patella Syndrome', 'Pedigree']
| 3,225,824
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['C05.550.629', 'C16.131.077.606', 'C16.320.600', 'C17.800.529.400'], ['E05.393.673']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Waterborne cadmium impacts immunocytotoxic and cytogenotoxic endpoints in green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus.
|
Mussels are sentinel species that can be used to monitor coastal metal pollution through the application of biomarkers. Among the several important metal toxicants in coastal settings, cadmium (Cd) is of particular concern, being a non-essential metal that is known to cause harmful impacts in aquatic organisms at low concentrations. The aim of the present study was to examine the immunocytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects of Cd on the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, under laboratory conditions. The acute (96 h; 0, 2000 and 4000 ìg Cd L(-1)) and subchronic (28 d; 0, 200 and 2000 ìg Cd L(-1)) toxic effects of waterborne Cd were measured in haemocytes and gill cells using differential haemocyte cell count, the micronucleus test and the comet assay. During subchronic exposure to Cd the relative counts of eosinophils and hyalinocytes increased significantly in Cd-exposed mussels while the proportion of basophils decreased. All of these effects were time- and concentration-dependent. Conversely, the relative numbers of basophils and eosinophils increased significantly during acute Cd exposure. Nuclear aberrations such as the formation of micronuclei, nuclear buds, fragmented-apoptotic cells and binuclei were observed in gill cells of Cd-exposed mussels. All of these parameters increased significantly at 2000 ìg Cd L(-1) during subchronic exposure to Cd, and all showed a strong and significant correlation to gill Cd accumulation. Comet assay results demonstrated a significant increase in DNA damage in the haemocytes of mussels exposed to subchronic Cd concentrations. The results indicate that Cd has the capacity to induce immune system and genotoxic damage in green-lipped mussels, an impact that may have implications such as reduced disease resistance and compromised survival. These data also suggest that immunocytotoxic and cytogenotoxic biomarkers would be a valuable addition to environmental monitoring programmes using green-lipped mussels.
|
['Animals', 'Cadmium', 'DNA Damage', 'Gills', 'Hemocytes', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Perna', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 24,077,184
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['G05.200'], ['A13.421'], ['A11.118.480', 'A15.145.229.480'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['B01.050.500.644.080.537.600'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spirometry training courses: Content, delivery and assessment - a position statement from the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science.
|
Spirometry training courses are provided by health services and training organizations to enable widespread use of spirometry testing for patient care or for monitoring health. The primary outcome of spirometry training courses should be to enable participants to perform spirometry to international best practice, including testing of subjects, quality assurance and interpretation of results. Where valid results are not achieved or quality assurance programmes identify errors in devices, participants need to be able to adequately manage these issues in accordance with best practice. It is important that potential participants are confident in the integrity of the course they attend and that the course meets their expectations in terms of training. This position statement lists the content that the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS) has identified as required in a spirometry training course to adequately meet the primary outcomes mentioned above. The content requirements outlined in this position statement are based on the current international spirometry standards set out by the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society. Furthermore, recommendations around course delivery for theoretical and practical elements of spirometry testing and post-course assessment are outlined in this statement.
|
['Australia', 'Certification', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Humans', 'New Zealand', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Primary Health Care', 'Pulmonary Medicine', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Reference Values', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Societies, Medical', 'Spirometry']
| 28,681,980
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N03.706.110.120', 'N05.700.200.190'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['H02.403.429.675'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E05.978.810'], ['C08'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['E01.370.386.700.750']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Complex glycerol kinase deficiency leads to psychomotor and body-growth failure.
|
Complex glycerol kinase deficiency usually presents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, glycerol kinase deficiency and adrenal hypoplasia congenital. We describe a follow-up patient with complex glycerol kinase deficiency who had appropriate intrauterine development, but who at 1 month of age manifested severe growth delay and psychomotor retardation. Targeted therapy did not bring about the regression of symptoms: both bodyweight and height were below the 3rd centile until 8 years of age, and his Griffith's Mental Development scale score was 71 at age 5 years.
|
['Biopsy', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Glycerol Kinase', 'Growth Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne', 'Psychomotor Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 15,009,558
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.275'], ['C23.550.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651.534.500.300', 'C10.668.491.175.500.300', 'C16.320.322.562', 'C16.320.577.300'], ['C10.597.606.881', 'C23.888.592.604.882', 'F01.700.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Polymorphisms in the melatonin receptor gene promoter and their associations with fertility characteristics in buffalo herd in Eastern Amazon.
|
Buffalo production is spreading globally because of its economic advantage. Then, it has become necessary to improve the reproductive and productive efficiency of these animals, as well as to look for genetic factors that increase this efficiency. The objectives of this study were to characterize the promoter region of the melatonin 1A receptor gene (MTRN1A), to detect possible SNPs and associate them with fertility characteristics, and identify binding sites of transcription factors involved in the regulation of genetic expression in buffaloes in the Amazon. The conventional PCR method was carried out using the two primers designed from the reference sequence deposited in the GenBank AY52466.1. The products of the PCRs were purified, sequenced, and subsequently edited and aligned. Twenty-six SNPs were found, where 73% presented allele frequencies of wild nucleotides above 0.5, and 73% presented deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05) and FIS varying between 0.06 and 1.00, characterizing high degrees of inbreeding within the population. A block of ACAA deletion (position -1483) was observed in 25% of samples. The associations between these SNPs and reproductive characteristics were observed for calving interval and 5 SNPs: -1289, -1139, -911, -724, and -656 (P < 0.05), and three other SNPs: -1395, -724, and -94 (P < 0.05) were associated significantly with age at first calving, and were not associated with calving concentration. The promoter region was characterized by the different types of binding factors, where only 11 sites are significantly strong enough for transcription factor bindings. The ACAA deletion also exhibited a strong association with transcription factors. As a result, it would be necessary to test the SNPs above with other reproductive characteristics of economic relevance to approve the gene as a strong candidate for the selection of buffaloes in the Amazon.
|
['Animals', 'Buffaloes', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Gene Frequency', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Melatonin']
| 28,549,203
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['G08.686.210'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.440', 'D12.776.826.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The enterohepatic recycling of bile choline in sheep.
|
1. Measurement of unesterified choline in blood samples taken from five conscious multi-cannulated sheep indicated a significant production of unesterified choline by the alimentary tract, as judged by the portal venous minus arterial difference and significant uptake by the liver, as judged from the portal venous minus hepatic venous and arterial minus hepatic venous differences. 2. A mean liver blood flow rate of 1.68 +/- 0.22 1/min for the five sheep was determined by bromosulphophthalein clearance and, combined with the differences in unesterified choline across organs, gave a production rate of free choline of 9.1 mmol/day by the alimentary tract and an uptake by the liver of 13.2 mmol/day. 3. Infusion of [methyl-3H]choline chloride into the portal vein of a sheep over 1 hr and subsequent isolation of the bile for several days showed over 70% cumulative recovery of the radioactivity in the choline moiety of bile phosphatidylcholine over a 120 hr period. 4. Subsequent infusion 17 days later of bile lipid [3H]choline via a duodenal fistula also gave approx. 70% cumulative recovery of radioactivity in the choline moiety of newly secreted bile phosphatidylcholine in 120 hr. 5. These results show a very extensive enterohepatic recirculation of bile choline in the sheep, which is in contrast to the situation in monogastric animals.
|
['Animals', 'Bile', 'Choline', 'Enterohepatic Circulation', 'Female', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Intubation, Gastrointestinal', 'Male', 'Sheep']
| 2,890,469
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.200.087'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['G03.312'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E02.585.412', 'E05.497.412'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased susceptibility to complement attack due to down-regulation of decay-accelerating factor/CD55 in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy.
|
Dysferlin is expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. However, dysferlin deficiency results in skeletal muscle weakness, but spares the heart. We compared intraindividual mRNA expression profiles of cardiac and skeletal muscle in dysferlin-deficient SJL/J mice and found down-regulation of the complement inhibitor, decay-accelerating factor/CD55, in skeletal muscle only. This finding was confirmed on mRNA and protein levels in two additional dysferlin-deficient mouse strains, A/J mice and Dysf-/- mice, as well as in patients with dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. In vitro, the absence of CD55 led to an increased susceptibility of human myotubes to complement attack. Evidence is provided that decay-accelerating factor/CD55 is regulated via the myostatin-SMAD pathway. In conclusion, a novel mechanism of muscle fiber injury in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy is demonstrated, possibly opening therapeutic avenues in this to date untreatable disorder.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'CD55 Antigens', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Down-Regulation', 'Dysferlin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Dystrophies', 'Myostatin', 'Smad3 Protein', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 16,237,120
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.130', 'D12.776.543.484.500.130', 'D12.776.543.550.418.130'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D12.776.210.500.248', 'D12.776.543.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651.534.500', 'C10.668.491.175.500', 'C16.320.577'], ['D12.644.276.954.300.925', 'D12.776.467.942.300.925', 'D23.529.942.300.925'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.500.300', 'D12.776.157.057.170.500.300', 'D12.776.260.713.500.300', 'D12.776.476.024.428.500.300', 'D12.776.744.741.875', 'D12.776.930.806.500.300'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Santeria and Palo Mayombe: skulls, mercury, and artifacts.
|
Santeria and Palo Mayombe are syncretic religions created in the New World based upon African religious beliefs combined with Christianity. The main worship of Palo Mayombe involves religious receptacles that may contain earth, sticks, varied artifacts, and animal and human remains. Due to the use of human and nonhuman remains, discovery of these items often leads to involvement by the police due to a concern of homicide. We review in detail the medical examiner records of two of these ritualistic cases including the autopsy, anthropology, police, and investigators' reports. For the human remains, careful consideration of the context in which the remains were recovered, their state of preservation, and the associated artifacts (e.g., beads and mercury) are important in determining the appropriate level of forensic significance. Anthropological examination with particular attention to taphonomic characteristics also may help determine the origin and forensic significance.
|
['Animals', 'Caribbean Region', 'Ceremonial Behavior', 'Forensic Anthropology', 'Humans', 'Mercury', 'New York City', 'Religion', 'Skull']
| 19,804,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.084'], ['F01.145.813.097', 'I01.076.201.450.170'], ['I01.076.368.400', 'I01.198.780.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['K01.844'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Erectile dysfunction: a significant health need in patients with coronary heart disease.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition, which negatively affects quality of life, and shares similar risk factors with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Studies from the pre - sildenafil era confirm a higher risk of ED in patients with cardiovascular disease. The high profile and success of sildenafil therapy has made it easier for some men to discuss erectile difficulties with healthcare professionals. Our aim therefore was to estimate the prevalence of ED in our cardiac rehabilitation patients .METHODS AND RESULTS: We surveyed 150 random male cardiac rehabilitation patients using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. 61% of all respondents had erectile difficulties, rising to 75% in the over 55 age group. 48% of respondents indicated their wish to discuss erectile problems with the healthcare team.CONCLUSION: ED and CHD commonly co-exist. A large proportion of our respondents wished further discussion of erectile insufficiency. We recommend that cardiac rehabilitation programmes should adopt a proactive approach to detection and treatment of ED.
|
['Coronary Disease', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 15,462,224
|
[['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of a cholesterol response element (CRE) in the promoter of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene: functional role of the transcription factors SREBP-1a, -2, and YY1.
|
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is expressed in human adipocytes, where it acts to promote selective uptake of HDL-CE (Benoist, F., M. McDonnell, P. Lau, R. Milne, and R. McPherson. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23572;-23577). In contrast to other major sterol-responsive genes such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase CETP expression is up-regulated rather than down-regulated in response to cholesterol. To define elements involved in cholesterol-mediated up-regulation of CETP gene expression, deletion derivatives of the CETP promoter were cloned into a luciferase reporter construct and transfected into the human liposarcoma cell line SW872, cultured in the presence or absence of lipoproteins. A fragment associated with a positive cholesterol response was identified between nucleotides -361 and -138 (relative to the initiation site of transcription) of the promoter. This region contains a tandem repeat of a sequence known to mediate sterol dependent regulation of the hamster HMG-CoA reductase gene. We have putatively denoted this region, the cholesterol response element (CRE). Using gel mobility shift assays we demonstrate that both YY1 and SREBP-1 interact with the CRE of CETP. Furthermore, in transient co-transfection experiments, both YY1 and SREBP-1a were found to trans-activate, in a dose-dependent manner, the luciferase activity of constructs harboring the CRE. We also demonstrate that SREBP-2, is able to trans-activate a luciferase construct harboring the CRE although much less effectively as compared to SREBP-1. Finally, functional analysis of the CRE confirms its regulatory role in modulating CETP gene expression through its interaction with YY1 and SREBP-1a.
|
['Animals', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Hydroxycholesterols', 'Lipids', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'YY1 Transcription Factor', 'Zinc Fingers']
| 10,393,213
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.108.124', 'D12.776.660.167', 'D12.776.930.127.124'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D09.400.430.750', 'D12.776.124.197', 'D12.776.157.165', 'D12.776.395.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.260.235', 'D12.776.930.216'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.800.500', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.800.500', 'D10.570.938.208.825.500'], ['D10'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750.500', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750.500', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750.500', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750.500'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750.750', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750.750', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750.750', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750.750'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.260.235.875', 'D12.776.930.216.875'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.985']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Sustainable Model For Delivering High-Quality, Efficient Cataract Surgery In Southern India.
|
Cataracts are a leading cause of reversible blindness in India, where millions of people can be effectively treated for this condition with surgery. The Aravind Eye Care System in southern India developed an efficient system for delivering high-quality and low-cost cataract surgery. We provide a detailed accounting of costs of cataract surgery at the system and a cost-utility analysis. Total costs per operation were US$120, or $195 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Using these data and population-based estimates of cataract prevalence, we calculate that eliminating cataract-related blindness and low vision in India would cost $2.6 billion and would yield a net societal benefit of $13.5 billion. Factors contributing to the highly cost-effective care at the Aravind Eye Care System include the domestic manufacturing of supplies, the use of a specialized workforce and standardized protocols, and the presence of few regulatory hurdles. Lessons learned from the system can help improve the delivery of cataract surgery and other ambulatory care surgeries in India and abroad.
|
['Blindness', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Humans', 'India', 'Lens Implantation, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years']
| 27,702,949
|
[['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E04.540.825.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The nature of the neutral Na+-Cl(-)-coupled entry at the apical membrane of rabbit gallbladder epithelium: II. Na+-Cl- symport is independent of K+.
|
In the epithelium of rabbit gallbladder, in the nominal absence of bicarbonate, intracellular Cl- activity is about 25 mM, about 4 times higher than intracellular Cl- activity at the electrochemical equilibrium. It is essentially not affected by 10(-4) M acetazolamide and 10(-4) M 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (SITS) even during prolonged exposures: it falls to the equilibrium value by removal of Na+ from the lumen without significant changes of the apical membrane potential difference. Both intracellular Cl- and Na+ activities are decreased by luminal treatment with 25 mM SCN-; the initial rates of change are not significantly different. In addition, the initial rates of change of intracellular Cl- activity are not significantly different upon Na+ or Cl- entry block by the appropriate reduction of the concentration of either ion in the luminal solution. Luminal K+ removal or 10(-5) M bumetanide do not affect intracellular Cl- and Na+ activities or Cl- influx through the apical membrane. It is concluded that in the absence of bicarbonate NaCl entry is entirely due to a Na+-Cl- symport on a single carrier which, at least under the conditions tested, does not cotransport K+.
|
['Animals', 'Bumetanide', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chlorides', 'Epithelium', 'Gallbladder', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Potassium', 'Rabbits', 'Sodium', 'Sodium Chloride Symporters', 'Symporters']
| 3,585,978
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.065.884.150', 'D02.241.223.100.050.300.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.500', 'D02.886.590.700.150'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['A10.272'], ['A03.159.439'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.374'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex differences in spatial and non-spatial Y-maze performance after chronic stress.
|
Chronic restraint is known to alter hippocampal CA3 dendritic morphology and spatial memory in male rats. The present study examined whether female rats, which exhibit different anatomical adaptations to chronic stress than those of males, would also show spatial memory impairments. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were restrained for 6 h/day for 21 days, a time frame previously demonstrated to cause hippocampal CA3 dendritic atrophy. The day after the last restraint session, rats were tested on a Y-maze, a habituation task that can be used to assess spatial memory. Chronic stress impaired Y-maze performance in both sexes without affecting levels of locomotion as measured by total arm entries in the first minute. However, Y-maze performance of stressed females improved in 2-5 min when chronically stressed males continued to show poor Y-maze performance. The enhanced Y-maze performance of chronically stressed females occurred when total arm entries were higher compared to the entries made by males. Therefore, correlations were performed between total arm entries and spatial memory in 1 and 2-5 min. In the first minute when control females demonstrated functional spatial memory, female controls with the lowest locomotor levels exhibited the best performance. The correlations for stressed females were not significant, and neither were the correlations for any group in 2-5 min. Overall, these results show important sex differences in response to chronic stress with females exhibiting an ability to recover quickly from deficits in Y-maze performance.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Memory', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sex Factors', 'Spatial Behavior', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Time Factors']
| 12,482,677
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.875'], ['G07.775'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quetiapine attenuates cognitive impairment and decreases seizure susceptibility possibly through promoting myelin development in a rat model of malformations of cortical development.
|
Developmental delay, cognitive impairment, and refractory epilepsy are the most frequent consequences found in patients suffering from malformations of cortical development (MCD). However, therapeutic options for these psychiatric and neurological comorbidities are currently limited. The development of white matter undergoes dramatic changes during postnatal brain maturation, thus myelination deficits resulting from MCD contribute to its comorbid diseases. Consequently, drugs specifically targeting white matter are a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of MCD. We have used an in utero irradiation rat model of MCD to investigate the effects of postnatal quetiapine treatment on brain myelination as well as neuropsychological and cognitive performances and seizure susceptibility. Fatally irradiated rats were treated with quetiapine (10mg/kg, i.p.) or saline once daily from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P30. We found that postnatal administration of quetiapine attenuated object recognition memory impairment and improved long-term spatial memory in the irradiated rats. Quetiapine treatment also reduced the susceptibility and severity of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Importantly, quetiapine treatment resulted in an inhibition of irradiation-induced myelin breakdown in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. These findings suggest that quetiapine may have beneficial, postnatal effects in the irradiated rats, strongly suggesting that improving MCD-derived white matter pathology is a possible underlying mechanism. Collectively, these results indicate that brain myelination represents an encouraging pharmacological target to improve the prognosis of patients with MCD.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Malformations of Cortical Development', 'Maze Learning', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nootropic Agents', 'Pentylenetetrazole', 'Quetiapine Fumarate', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Seizures', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Spatial Memory', 'X-Rays']
| 26,188,240
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.500.507', 'C16.131.666.507'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['D27.505.954.427.637'], ['D03.383.066.600'], ['D02.886.680.702.500.500', 'D03.633.300.276.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F02.463.425.540.886'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Childhood and adolescent psychopathology and subsequent tobacco smoking in young adults: findings from an Australian birth cohort.
|
AIMS: To examine whether child and adolescent psychopathology predicts subsequent tobacco use at 14 and 21 years of age.DESIGN: Prospective birth cohort study.SETTING: Data are taken from the Mater Misericordiae Hospital and University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes (MUSP), a prospective longitudinal study which recruited women at their first antenatal visit in Brisbane, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: A 5-, 14- and 21-year follow-up of children whose mother's were recruited into the MUSP birth cohort study at their first antenatal visit.MEASUREMENTS: Psychopathology exposure was measured using the Achenbach's Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) at 5 years, the Youth Self Report (YSR) at 14 years and the Young Adult Self Report (YASR) at 21 years. Outcome measures were the children's tobacco smoking status at the 14 and 21 years' follow-up and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) based DSM-IV nicotine dependence at 21 years' follow-up.FINDINGS: Externalizing symptoms had the strongest association with subsequent tobacco use. Children who met the criteria for CBCL aggression at 5 years were more likely to be tobacco smokers at the 14-year follow-up. YSR externalizing behaviours at the 14-year follow-up predicted tobacco smoking, but not DSM-IV nicotine dependence at the 21-year follow-up. Internalizing behaviour (anxiety/depression) was associated with a reduced rate of smoking at the 14- and 21-year follow-ups, but externalizing behaviour and attention problems at 14 and 21 years were associated separately and cumulatively with nicotine dependence at the 21-year follow-up.CONCLUSION: Childhood and adolescent psychopathology predict tobacco smoking, but some forms of psychopathology predict increased (aggression/delinquency; attention problems) and other forms decreased (anxiety/depression) smoking. There may be some benefits in targeting children with early onset aggressive/delinquent behaviour problems with tobacco smoking prevention initiatives.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Prospective Studies', 'Smoking', 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'Young Adult']
| 22,340,634
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F01.145.805'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a French collaborative study.
|
A retrospective study was undertaken of 120 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seen in Paris and its immediate suburbs who fulfilled at least four of the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for SLE, and in whom the disease was diagnosed before the age of 16 and between January 1975 and December 1987. Eleven of these children (eight girls and three boys) all more than 10 years of age (mean follow up 8.1 years; range 3-13) had thrombotic episodes (9%). Thrombosis was one of the presenting signs in seven patients; in five it was associated with typical symptoms of SLE, and in the other two the thrombotic episode was isolated and diagnosis of SLE was delayed one and three years. Of a total of 16 thrombotic episodes (six of which were recurrent), 14 involved the leg veins, and in four there was associated pulmonary embolism. There were two episodes that affected cerebral arteries. The American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for SLE as well as the incidence of lupus anticoagulant, positive direct Coombs test, and vasculitis in this group of patients was compared with the incidence in patients with SLE but no thrombosis. Only lupus anticoagulant was significantly associated with thrombotic episodes: eight of 11 (73%) of patients with SLE and thrombotic (arterial or venous) episodes had lupus anticoagulant compared with only 10 of 74 patients (14%) with no history of thrombotic events in the same age group.
|
['Adolescent', 'Blood Coagulation Factors', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thrombophlebitis', 'Thrombosis']
| 1,905,123
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D12.776.124.125', 'D23.119'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210.600', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210.600', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210.600', 'D23.113.475'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnostic yield of continuous video electroencephalography for paroxysmal vital sign changes in pediatric patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of continuous monitoring with video electroencephalography (cVEEG) for pediatric inpatients with paroxysmal vital sign changes (PVSCs), and to identify risk factors for the PVSCs being seizures, based on clinical information available before cVEEG initiation. We hypothesized that PVSCs without nonautonomic symptoms (NAS) were unlikely to be seizures, and also that patients' clinical characteristics would alter the risk of recording seizures.METHODS: We performed a single-center chart review of 324 cVEEG studies that were obtained for differential diagnosis of PVSCs. We examined the type of PVSCs that prompted cVEEG, associated NAS, and patient characteristics, and whether the target events or seizures were recorded. We performed logistic regression analyses to determine which patient and semiologic features altered the risk of the PVSCs being seizures, and which patient characteristics altered the risk of recording any seizures.RESULTS: Target PVSCs were recorded in 52% (N = 169). Seizures were recorded in 21% (N = 69) of the studies, often unrelated to the PVSCs (N = 39). When examining only PVSCs without NAS, only 4% (3/75) of studies obtained for apnea and 2.1% (1/48) of studies obtained for oxygen desaturation revealed the target events to be seizures. No studies recorded ictal hypertension (0/26), hypotension (0/16), or bradycardia (0/18). In univariate analysis, there was a decreased risk that the events were seizures when PVSCs lacked NAS (odds ratio [OR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08-0.65). The risk was increased when the patient had received an antiseizure medication (2.9, 1.3-6.5), the target PVSC was apnea (3.5, 1.5-8.5), and in particular, apnea with NAS (8.7, 3.7-20.8). In adjusted analyses, only apnea with associated NAS independently increased the risk of the PVSCs being seizures (7.7, 3.2-18.5).SIGNIFICANCE: PVSCs in the absence of NAS are rarely due to seizures. Ideally, cVEEG should be reserved for children with additional risk factors for seizures, beyond isolated PVSCs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Apnea', 'Bradycardia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypotension', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Seizures', 'Tachycardia', 'Video Recording', 'Vital Signs']
| 26,660,005
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C08.618.085', 'C23.888.852.130'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.907.514'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845'], ['L01.280.960'], ['E01.370.600.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The effect of urokinase on hepatic fibrogenesis in rats].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of urokinase on hepatic fibrogenesis in rats.METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by complex pathogenic factors including subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride, alcohol and cholesterol feeding. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, hepatic fibrosis group (complex pathogenic factors for 6 weeks), UK prevention group (complex pathogenic factors+UK for 6 weeks). The animals were sacrificed at the end of week 6. The expression of alpha-SMA, uPA, PAI-1, TGFb1, TIMP-1, collagen type I and type III proteins in hepatic fibrosis tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, the expression of PAI-1 and TGFb1 mRNA in the hepatic fibrosis tissue was quantified by real time RT-PCR. The serum levels of hyaluronicacid (HA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (TBil) and the content of liver hydroxyproline (Hyp) were detected using ELISA kits.RESULTS: The serum ALT, AST, TBil, HA and the content of liver Hyp were (46.66+/-6.30) U/L, (126.26+/-31.65) U/L, (31.11+/-4.20) micromol/L, (109.70+/-18.81) microg/L and (0.98+/-0.09) mg/(g liver), respectively, in UK prevention group, which were significantly lower than those [(101.57+/-11.97) U/L, (205.89+/-56.26) U/L, (67.75+/-2.75) micromol/L, (184.43+/-32.36) microg/L and (1.65+/-0.16) mg/(g liver), respectively] in hepatic fibrosis group (q = 3.3801-20.0061, P < 0.01). The levels of a-SMA, collagen type I, type III, TIMP-1, PAI-1, TGFb1 proteins were (299.27+/-37.36), (210.05+/-27.17), (192.94+/-24.48), (213.70+/-32.21), (204.25+/-17.92), (205.97+/-23.81), respectively, in UK prevention group, which were significantly lower than those [(418.83+/-30.21), (323.77+/-21.53), (302.37+/-31.43), (376.63+/-25.19), (313.53+/-26.67) and (327.42+/-36.75), respectively] in hepatic fibrosis group. The level of uPA protein was increased, and the expression of PAI-1, TGFb1 mRNA in hepatic fibrosis tissue was decreased in UK prevention group.CONCLUSION: In the early stage of hepatic fibrogenesis, urokinase can attenuate the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis via upregulation of uPA, downregulation of TGFb1, and inhibition of HSC activation.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 20,038,332
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.478'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630.467', 'C23.550.355.412.467', 'E05.598.500.468'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['D12.644.861.695.500', 'D12.776.124.125.640', 'D12.776.872.695.500', 'D23.119.832.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.645.875.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Role of Swi6/HP1 self-association-mediated recruitment of Clr4/Suv39 in establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin in fission yeast.
|
Swi6/HP1, an evolutionarily conserved protein, is critical for heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast and higher eukaryotes. In fission yeast, histone deacetylation by histone deacetylases is thought to be followed by H3-Lys-9 methylation by the histone methyltransferase Clr4/Suv39H1. H3-Lys-9-Me2 interacts with the chromodomain of Swi6/HP1. Swi6/HP1 is thought to act downstream of Clr4/Suv39, and further self-association of Swi6/HP1 is assumed to stabilize the heterochromatin structure. Here, we show that the self-association-defective mutant of Swi6 does not interact with Clr4. It not only fails to localize to heterochromatin loci but also interferes with heterochromatic localization of H3-Lys-9-Me2 (and thereby Clr4) and the endogenous Swi6 in a dominant negative manner. Thus, self-association of Swi6/HP1 helps in binding to and recruitment of Clr4 and thereby in establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin by a concerted rather than a sequential mechanism.
|
['Acetylation', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'Heterochromatin', 'Histone Methyltransferases', 'Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase', 'Histones', 'Methylation', 'Methyltransferases', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Schizosaccharomyces', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins']
| 21,224,386
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.383', 'D12.776.664.224.466', 'G05.360.160.180.383'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800.200'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800.200.500'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.300.107.797', 'B01.300.930.720'], ['D12.776.354.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Abnormal white matter lesions with sensorineural hearing loss caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection: retrospective diagnosis by PCR using Guthrie cards.
|
We report on two patients with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection asymptomatic at birth that was diagnosed retrospectively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of CMV DNA using blood stored on Guthrie cards. Neuroimaging studies showed abnormal myelination without any gray matter abnormalities. In the differential diagnosis of patients with abnormal white matter lesions and sensorineural hearing loss, one should consider congenital CMV infection. When investigating the etiology of patients with behavioral problems, migrational disorder, or white matter disease, PCR analysis of CMV DNA using blood stored on Guthrie cards might be helpful.
|
['Blood Specimen Collection', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus Infections', 'DNA, Viral', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']
| 12,427,519
|
[['E01.370.225.998.110', 'E04.665.150', 'E05.200.998.110'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['C01.925.256.466.245'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E01.171'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of stuttering severity and therapy involvement on role entrapment of people who stutter.
|
The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether a group of university students would report role entrapment of people who stutter (PWS) in the form of occupational stereotyping. The study also examined whether severity of stuttering (mild or severe) and level of therapy involvement (choosing or not choosing to attend therapy) affected the perceptions of role entrapment. To examine these issues, 260 students completed the Vocational Advice Scale (VAS) [Gabel, R. M., Blood, G. W., Tellis, G., & Althouse, M. T. (2004). Measuring role entrapment of people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 27-49]. Results suggested that stuttering severity and the level of therapy involvement did not appear alter the judges' reports for all of the careers except for the career of speech therapist. For the career of speech therapist, therapy involvement improved the participants' reports and stuttering severity had no effect. Additionally, findings suggested that university students reported that 16 of the careers listed on the VAS were appropriate choices for people who stutter and were less certain about advising for 27 of the careers. Thus, the findings from this study do not support the notion that stuttering leads to role entrapment in the form vocational stereotyping and variations in therapy involvement or stuttering severity do not change perceptions of role entrapment. LEARNER OUTCOMES: The reader will be able to (1) identify common stereotypes of PWS, (2) describe the possible effects of stereotyping and role entrapment, and (3) describe the effects of severity and therapy involvement of role entrapment of PWS.
|
['Adult', 'Career Choice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Role', 'Self Concept', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Speech Therapy', 'Stuttering']
| 17,931,648
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.316.616'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.552', 'E02.831.727.552'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.750', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Defining the plasmid-borne restriction-modification systems of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
|
The restriction-modification (R-M) systems of many bacteria present a barrier to the stable introduction of foreign DNA. The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has two plasmid-borne putative R-M genes, bbe02 and bbq67, whose presence limits transformation by shuttle vector DNA from Escherichia coli. We show that both the bbe02 and bbq67 loci in recipient B. burgdorferi limit transformation with shuttle vector DNA from E. coli, irrespective of its dam, dcm, or hsd methylation status. However, plasmid DNA purified from B. burgdorferi transformed na?ve B. burgdorferi much more efficiently than plasmid DNA from E. coli, particularly when the bbe02 and bbq67 genotypes of the B. burgdorferi DNA source matched those of the recipient. We detected adenine methylation of plasmid DNA prepared from B. burgdorferi that carried bbe02 and bbq67. These results indicate that the bbe02 and bbq67 loci of B. burgdorferi encode distinct R-M enzymes that methylate endogenous DNA and cleave foreign DNA lacking the same sequence-specific modification. Our findings have basic implications for horizontal gene transfer among B. burgdorferi strains with distinct plasmid contents. Further characterization and identification of the nucleotide sequences recognized by BBE02 and BBQ67 will facilitate efficient genetic manipulation of this pathogenic spirochete.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'Humans', 'Lyme Disease', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids']
| 21,193,609
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193.150.125', 'B03.851.595.193.150.125'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D08.811.150'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.728.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.536', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250', 'C01.920.930.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Systematic Study on Reproductive Endocrine Function Recovery From Subcutaneous Ovarian Autotransplantation in Mice After 2 Weeks.
|
BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ovarian transplantation can not only restore the reproductive and endocrine function of animals but can also be studied with a specialized animal model. The aim of the study was to determine whether the reproductive endocrine function of the subcutaneously transplanted ovary was restored after 2 weeks.METHODS: The ovaries of 7-week-old mice were autologously transplanted into the back muscle. Fourteen days later, the ovarian structure was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. We continuously observed vaginal smears for changes in the estrous cycle. Estrogen and androgen concentrations were detected on the 14th day. The oocytes were collected and then used for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF).RESULTS: The cyclical estrous cycle changes were similar to those of the control group. There were no differences in the serum androgen and estrogen levels between the graft and control groups. The oocytes were able to develop into blastocysts after IVM and IVF. These results indicated that ovarian endocrine and reproductive function were restored within 2 weeks.CONCLUSION: Our studies have shown that this ovarian heterotopic autotransplantation technique is able to restore steroidogenic and gametogenic functions at day 14 after transplantation. So far, the 14th day after transplantation is a landmark during the recovery from autologous heterotopic ovarian transplantation in the back of the mouse. This time point is the appropriate window to study heterotopic ovarian transplantation in mice.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Ovary', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Heterotopic']
| 31,303,411
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[HL-A D antigens from B-lymphocytes and susceptibility to certain diseases].
|
The discovery of many associations between HLA and human diseases has emphasized the biologic importance of the main histocompatibility system in man. The recent findings from specific immune response genes (Ir locus) mapping within the H2 region of the mouse have led to systematic study of the similar D locus mapping within the HLA region in man. In this study the frequency of a number of HLA-D antigens has been determined in normal individuals and in patients with four diseases selected in view of their genetic background: juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, grass pollinosis and acute leukemia. In each a significant association has been found with a specific HLA-D antigen: DW3 in juvenile diabetes and grass pollinosis, DW2 in multiple sclerosis, and DW7 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
|
['B-Lymphocytes', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunogenetics', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal']
| 303,374
|
[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E05.393.183'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.273.343.420'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor stimulation contributes to the effects of nicotine in the DBA/2 mouse model of sensory gating.
|
RATIONALE: Nicotine improves the deficiencies of sensory gating function in schizophrenic patients and in dilute brown non-Agouti (DBA/2) mice. This effect of nicotine has been attributed to activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the activation of another nAChR subtype, the central nervous system (CNS) prominent alpha4beta2 receptor, also contributes to the effects of nicotine on sensory gating in DBA/2 mice.METHODS: Unanesthetized DBA/2 mice were treated either with nicotine, the alpha4beta2 antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine, the noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine, or a combination of an antagonist and nicotine. Thereafter, gating was assessed by recording hippocampal evoked potentials (EP), which were elicited by pairs of auditory clicks. The EP response to the second click, or test amplitude (TAMP), was divided by the EP response to the first click, or condition amplitude (CAMP), to derive gating T:C ratios.RESULTS: Nicotine significantly (p<0.05) lowered T:C ratios by 42%, while significantly increasing CAMP by 55%. After a pretreatment with dihydro-beta-erythroidine, nicotine still significantly lowered T:C ratios by 28%; however, the nicotine-induced increase of CAMP was blocked. Mecamylamine blocked the effect of nicotine on both T:C ratios and CAMP.CONCLUSIONS: Activation of alpha4beta2 receptors by nicotine increases CAMP. However, under conditions where alpha4beta2 receptors are blocked, nicotine still lowers T:C ratios and may improve sensory gating, possibly through the activation of other nAChR subtypes such as alpha7. These effects of nicotine on auditory EPs may be indicative of a profile that would improve information processing in schizophrenia and other CNS diseases.
|
['Animals', 'Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Hippocampus', 'Mecamylamine', 'Mental Processes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Nicotine', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Schizophrenia']
| 16,767,415
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.285', 'D03.633.400.380'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D02.455.426.100.080.550.500', 'D04.075.080.500.500'], ['F02.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Factors Contributing Successful Ultrasound-guided Radial Artery Cannulation and Its Complications When Using the Short-axis Out-of-plane Procedure].
|
Objective To identify the possible factors that may influence the success and the complications of ultrasound-guided out-of-plane radial arterial cannulation. Methods Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the clinical data of 131 patients undergoing elective surgery and ultrasound-guided out-of-plane radial artery cannulation,dynamic needle tip positioning(DNTP) technique or angular distance(AD) technique and to find out the factors associated with the one-attempt success rate,overall success rate,posterior arterial wall perforation,and local hematoma. Results The depth of the anterior arterial wall?3 mm was the factor associated with posterior arterial wall perforation(OR=0.314,95%CI:0.143-0.691,P=0.004) and local hematoma(OR=0.250,95%CI:0.107-0.585,P=0.001).The use of DNTP method was significantly associated with posterior arterial wall perforation(OR=0.303,95%CI:0.138-0.667,P=0.003). Conclusions During ultrasound-guided out-of-plane radial cannulation,puncture at the arterial anterior wall sites with a depth of?3 mm can reduce the incidence of posterior arterial wall perforation and local hematoma.Compared with AD,DNTP can lower the incidence of posterior arterial wall perforation.
|
['Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Radial Artery', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 32,131,945
|
[['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['E04.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['A07.015.114.740'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protective Effect of Val129
|
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the only known zoonotic prion that causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. The major risk determinant for this disease is the polymorphic codon 129 of the human prion protein (Hu-PrP), where either methionine (Met129) or valine (Val129) can be encoded. To date, all clinical and neuropathologically confirmed vCJD cases have been Met129 homozygous, with the exception of 1 recently reported Met/Val heterozygous case. Here, we found that transgenic mice homozygous for Val129 Hu-PrP show severely restricted propagation of the BSE prion strain, but this constraint can be partially overcome by adaptation of the BSE agent to the Met129 Hu-PrP. In addition, the transmission of vCJD to transgenic mice homozygous for Val129 Hu-PrP resulted in a prion with distinct strain features. These observations may indicate increased risk for vCJD secondary transmission in Val129 Hu-PrP-positive humans with the emergence of new strain features.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cattle', 'Codon', 'Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome', 'Disease Resistance', 'Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Methionine', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Prion Proteins', 'Valine']
| 28,820,136
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['C01.207.800.230', 'C10.228.140.380.165', 'C10.228.228.800.230', 'F03.615.400.300'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['C01.207.800.260', 'C10.228.228.800.260', 'C10.574.843.300', 'C22.196.250'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.600', 'D12.776.543.484.500.625', 'D12.776.543.550.418.600', 'D12.776.785.340'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CCND2 polymorphisms associated with clearance of HBV infection.
|
Cyclin D2s (CCND2s) are members of the D-type cyclin family. They interact and construct complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 or 6. The cyclin D2/CDK4 or CDK6 complexes have key roles in controlling the progression of cell cycle from the Gap 1 (G1) phase to the synthesis (S) phase. Overexpression of cyclin D2 is associated with the development of tumors. In this study, we identified 16 sequence variants of CCND2 polymorphisms through direct DNA sequencing in 24 individuals, and 5 common variants were selected for genotyping in larger-scale subjects (n=1100). Genetic associations of those polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcome among patients with HBV were analyzed. Although no significant association was observed between the polymorphisms and HCC outcome among HBV patients, one common polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region (that is, rs1049606) and the most common haplotype (CCND-ht1 [T-C-T-A-T]), however, were significantly associated with HBV clearance (odds ratio=0.69, P=0.0002, Pcorr=0.001 and odds ratio=1.37, P=0.0009, Pcorr=0.004, respectively). The minor allele frequency of rs1049606 among the spontaneously recovered (SR) group was significantly higher than that of the chronic carrier (CC) group (frequency=0.403 vs 0.336, P=0.0002). In contrast, the frequency of CCND-ht1 was higher among the CC group than among the SR group (frequency=0.429 vs 0.374, P=0.0009). The information identified in this study might provide valuable insights into generating strategies for control of HBV.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cyclin D2', 'Female', 'Haplotypes', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Republic of Korea']
| 20,414,251
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.200', 'D12.776.167.218.150.200', 'D12.776.476.262.150.200'], ['G05.380.360'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diffusion of digital breast tomosynthesis among women in primary care: associations with insurance type.
|
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has shown potential to improve breast cancer screening and diagnosis compared to digital mammography (DM). The FDA approved DBT use in conjunction with conventional DM in 2011, but coverage was approved by CMS recently in 2015. Given changes in coverage policies, it is important to monitor diffusion of DBT by insurance type. This study examined DBT trends and estimated associations with insurance type. From June 2011 to September 2014, DBT use in 22 primary care centers in the Dartmouth -Brigham and Women's Hospital Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens research center (PROSPR) was examined among women aged 40-89. A longitudinal repeated measures analysis estimated the proportion of DBT performed for screening or diagnostic indications over time and by insurance type. During the study period, 93,182 mammograms were performed on 48,234 women. Of these exams, 16,506 DBT tests were performed for screening (18.1%) and 2537 were performed for diagnosis (15.7%). Between 2011 and 2014, DBT utilization increased in all insurance groups. However, by the latest observed period, screening DBT was used more frequently under private insurance (43.4%) than Medicaid (36.2%), Medicare (37.8%), other (38.6%), or no insurance (32.9%; P < 0.0001). No sustained differences in use of DBT for diagnostic testing were seen by insurance type. DBT is increasingly used for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Use of screening DBT may be associated with insurance type. Surveillance is required to ensure that disparities in breast cancer screening are minimized as DBT becomes more widely available.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health', 'Mammography', 'Medicaid', 'Medicare', 'Middle Aged', 'Primary Health Care', 'United States']
| 28,378,409
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Ageing: research in Spain and Europe].
|
Researchers, stakeholders and policy makers agree about the importance of the population ageing in modern societies, so a broad analysis of current research strategies is in progress, such as FUTURAGE, a network for drawing a map for future research on ageing. This document presents the Spanish contribution to this map following FUTURAGE guidelines, drawn from the debates held in the 'Ageing. Research in Spain and Europe' Workshop. The first part consists of general ideas seeking to define future challenges on research using a multidisciplinary approach, in which the theoretical and methodological debate, the comparative and multilevel perspective, the transfer of knowledge and involvement of the older people would be essential to consider. Some of the main issues according to FUTURAGE structure are, the bio-gerontology of ageing, healthy and active ageing, and the socioeconomic and environmental resources of ageing. The interaction between these contents is pivotal to understand the research on ageing. Finally, the document provides some methodological and instrumental ideas to reinforce the need for cross-sectional research initiatives, integrating different data and combining methods in order to develop assessment and intervention strategies. Other aspects look into the mechanisms to coordinate research within a European context. The map on ageing research has been published after the consultation process in Europe (http://futurage.group.shef.ac.uk/road-map.html) and is now ready to be considered for integration into future European and Spanish research programs.
|
['Aging', 'Biomedical Research', 'Europe', 'Humans', 'Spain']
| 22,578,385
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Impact of chromatin structure on sequence variability in the human genome.
|
DNA sequence variations in individual genomes give rise to different phenotypes within the same species. One mechanism in this process is the alteration of chromatin structure due to sequence variation that influences gene regulation. We composed a high-confidence collection of human single-nucleotide polymorphisms and indels based on analysis of publicly available sequencing data and investigated whether the DNA loci associated with stable nucleosome positions are protected against mutations. We addressed how the sequence variation reflects the occupancy profiles of nucleosomes bearing different epigenetic modifications on genome scale. We found that indels are depleted around nucleosome positions of all considered types, whereas single-nucleotide polymorphisms are enriched around the positions of bulk nucleosomes but depleted around the positions of epigenetically modified nucleosomes. These findings indicate an increased level of conservation for the sequences associated with epigenetically modified nucleosomes, highlighting complex organization of the human chromatin.
|
['Chromatin', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 21,399,641
|
[['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Progression of brain damage after status epilepticus and its association with epileptogenesis: a quantitative MRI study in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
|
PURPOSE: This study examined the hypothesis that neurodegeneration continues after status epilepticus (SE) ends and that the severity of damage at the early phase of the epileptogenic process predicts the outcome of epilepsy in a long-term follow-up.METHODS: SE was induced in rats by electrical stimulation of the amygdala, and the progression of structural alterations was monitored with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Absolute T2, T1rho, and diffusion (Dav) images were acquired from amygdala, piriform cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus for < or = 4.5 months after SE. Frequency and type of spontaneous seizures were monitored with video-electroencephalography recordings. Histologic damage was assessed from Nissl, Timm, and Fluoro-Jade B preparations at 8 months.RESULTS: At the acute phase (2 days after SE induction), quantitative MRI revealed increased T2, T1rho, and Dav values in the primary focal area (amygdala), reflecting disturbed water homeostasis and possible early structural damage. Pathologic T2 and T1rho were observed in mono- or polysynaptically connected regions, including the piriform cortex, midline thalamus, and hippocampus. The majority of acute MRI abnormalities were reversed by 9 days after SE. In later time points (> 20 days after induction), both the T1rho and diffusion MRI revealed secondarily affected areas, most predominantly in the amygdala and hippocampus. At this time, animals began to have spontaneous seizures. The initial pathology revealed by MRI had a low predictive value for the subsequent severity of epilepsy and tissue damage.CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate progressive neurodegeneration after SE in the amygdala and the hippocampus and stress the need for continued administration of neuroprotectants in the treatment of SE even after electrographic seizure activity has ceased.
|
['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hippocampus', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Status Epilepticus', 'Thalamus', 'Videotape Recording']
| 15,329,065
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490.360.290', 'C10.228.140.490.493.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.520'], ['C23.550.737'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C10.597.742.785', 'C23.888.592.742.785'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular characterization of Anaplasma marginale in ticks naturally feeding on buffaloes.
|
Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent pathogen transmitted by ticks in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. However, the tick species involved in the transmission of A. marginale in buffaloes in Brazil have not been identified. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of A. marginale in ticks parasitizing water buffaloes. A total of 200 samples of Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma cajennense, and Amblyomma maculatum were collected and tested by conventional and quantitative PCR for the presence of the msp1a and msp5 genes. In the present study, 35 ticks (17.5%) were positive for A. marginale DNA by qPCR analysis. The positive ticks belonged to four different species: R. microplus (22.2%), A. cajennense (13.8%), A. maculatum (16.0%), and D. nitens (10.0%). Individuals of the three developmental stages (larvae, nymphs, and adults) of R. microplus and A. cajennense were found to be positive for A. marginale, only nymphs and adults of A. maculatum were found to be positive, and finally, only adults of D. nitens were positive for A. marginale. Our results suggest that R. microplus, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, and D. nitens ticks may be involved in the transmission of A. marginale in buffaloes. However, while A. marginale PCR positive ticks were recorded, this does not indicate vector competence; only that the ticks may contain a blood meal from an infected host. Additionally, the results show that the strains of A. marginale from buffaloes and cattle are phylogenetically related.
|
['Anaplasma marginale', 'Anaplasmosis', 'Animals', 'Brazil', 'Buffaloes', 'Cattle', 'Ixodidae', 'Phylogeny', 'Tick Infestations']
| 26,209,411
|
[['B03.440.664.750.050.500', 'B03.660.050.783.500.050.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.054.500', 'C01.150.252.400.082', 'C01.920.930.163', 'C22.085'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C01.610.858.211.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A model system for detection and isolation of a tumor cell surface antigen using antibody phage display.
|
To establish a screening procedure for tumor cell-surface reactive Fabs, we used a model antigen/antibody system including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and the anti-EGF-R monoclonal antibody 425. The 425 Fab was displayed on the surface of M13 filamentous phage. In a screening assay for 425 phage binding to tumor cell surfaces, biotinylated 425-phage bound specifically to EGF-R-positive A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and not to K562 non-expressor erythroleukemia cells. With a model library, the sensitivity of phage enrichment by phage binding to cell surfaces was one 425-phage in 20,000 unrelated phages after 4 rounds of panning on A431 cells. In a phage tissue screening assay, 425-phage, but not unrelated phage, bound specifically to melanoma cells expressing EGF-R. Epitope and idiotope specificity of 425-phage was demonstrated in phage competition assays, using as targets A431 cells and anti-idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibody 425, respectively. Finally, the EGF-R protein was directly isolated from A431 cell extracts, using biotinylated 425-phage. The data obtained with the 425 model library system demonstrate the usefulness of antibody phage display for the rapid identification and isolation of tumor or other disease-related cell surface antigens.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Bacteriophage M13', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Melanoma', 'Models, Immunological', 'Protein Binding', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,134,026
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.301'], ['B04.123.205.250', 'B04.123.370.400.250', 'B04.280.400.400.250'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of genetic variant (rs11887534) in ABCG8 gene in coronary artery disease and response to atorvastatin therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG8 plays an important role in excretion of cholesterol from liver. Common genetic polymorphisms in ABCG8 gene may genetically predispose an individual to coronary artery disease (CAD) along with response to atorvastatin therapy. Thus, we aimed to examine the role of ABCG8 D19H polymorphism (rs11887534) in susceptibility to CAD and its influence on atorvastatin response.METHODOLOGY: The study included 213 CAD patients and 220 controls. Genotyping of ABCG8 D19H polymorphism was done by PCR-RFLP.RESULTS: Our results showed that ABCG8 'H' allele was conferring significant risk for CAD in a dominant model (OR=2.54; p=0.014). This increased risk for CAD was more pronounced in males (OR=2.69; p=0.030). No correlation of ABCG8 genotypes with the risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and smoking) of CAD was observed. On atorvastatin treatment there was a significant decrease in the LDL-C levels (p=0.021). However, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that this decease was not associated with ABCG8 genetic variant (p=0.845). Observed determinants of variation in interindividual response to atorvastatin therapy were pre-treatment LDL-C (p= 0.024) and TC (p=0.017).CONCLUSION: Although the genetic variant 19H of ABCG8 confers risk for CAD in North Indian population, it is not associated with interindividual response to atorvastatin therapy.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Atorvastatin', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Heptanoic Acids', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Pyrroles', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,592,455
|
[['D10.532.160', 'D12.776.157.530.100.228.875', 'D12.776.395.550.020.457.875', 'D12.776.521.212', 'D12.776.543.550.192.457.875', 'D12.776.543.585.100.228.875'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['D03.383.129.578.075', 'D10.251.450.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['D10.251.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An ontology of bacteria to help physicians to compare antibacterial spectra.
|
General practitioners (GPs) may lack specialist microbiological knowledge, making it difficult for them to use documents concerning antibacterial spectra provided by French health authorities. We have developed a tool to help GPs to compare antibacterial spectra, based on an ontology of bacteria generated using OWL-DL language. This tool makes it possible to search for information concerning the antibiotic susceptibility of given bacteria, regardless of the way in which this information is expressed in the document. Applied to the whole document, the tool made 4528 spectra explicit, whereas only 3471 could be understood without microbiological reasoning. A preliminary study showed that the performance of this tool was similar to that of an expert microbiologist (94 to 98% correct responses) and better than that of unassisted GPs (84-90% correct responses).
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Family Practice', 'France', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Microbiology', 'Vocabulary, Controlled']
| 18,693,825
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['H01.158.273.540'], ['L01.453.245.945']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Periprocedural prophylactic antithrombotic strategies in interventional radiology: current practice in the Netherlands and comparison with the United kingdom.
|
PURPOSE: The use of prophylactic antithrombotic drugs to prevent arterial thrombosis during the periprocedural period during (percutaneous) peripheral arterial interventions (PAIs) is still a matter of dispute, and clear evidence-based guidelines are lacking. To create those guidelines, a study group was formed in the Netherlands in cooperation with the Dutch Society of Vascular Surgery and the Society of Interventional Radiology. The study group is called "Consensus on Arterial PeriProcedural Anticoagulation (CAPPA)."MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CAPPA study group devised and distributed a comprehensive questionnaire amongst Dutch interventional radiologists (IRs).RESULTS: One hundred forty-two IRs responded (68 %) to the questionnaire. Almost no IR stopped acetyl salicylic acid before interventions, and 40 % stopped clopidogrel before PAI but not before carotid artery stenting (CAS). A flushing solution on the sideport of the sheath was used routinely by 30 % of IRs in PAI and by 50 % of IRs during CAS. A minority of IRs used a heparinised flushing solution (28 %). Unfractionated heparin was used by 95 % of IRs as bolus; 5000 IU was the most used dosage. Timing of administration varied widely. A majority of IRs (75 %) repeated heparin administration after 1 h.CONCLUSION: A substantial variety exists amongst IRs in the Netherlands regarding the use of prophylactic periprocedural antithrombotic drugs to prevent arterial thrombosis during PAI. When compared with varying results regarding the use of heparin in the United Kingdom, the variety in the Netherlands showed a different pattern. The proven variety in these countries, and also between these countries, emphasises the need for authoritative studies to develop evidence-based practical guidelines.
|
['Clopidogrel', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Netherlands', 'Perioperative Care', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Radiology, Interventional', 'Stents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Thrombosis', 'Ticlopidine', 'United Kingdom', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 23,404,518
|
[['D02.886.778.823.500.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['H02.403.740.675'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['D02.886.778.823.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The first subcomponent of complement, C1q, triggers the production of IL-8, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 by human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
|
We and others have demonstrated previously the occurrence of cC1qR/CaR, a receptor for the collagen-like stalks of complement component C1q, on endothelial cells. In the present study we investigated whether binding of C1q to endothelial cells resulted in enhancement of cytokine or chemokine production. HUVEC produced 82 +/- 91 pg/ml of IL-8, 79 +/- 113 pg/ml of IL-6, and 503 +/- 221 pg/ml of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 (MCP-1) under basal conditions. Incubation with C1q resulted in a time- and dose-dependent up-regulation of IL-8 (1012 +/- 43 pg/ml), IL-6 (392 +/- 20 pg/ml), and MCP-1 (2450 +/- 101 pg/ml). This production is dependent on de novo protein synthesis, as demonstrated by the detection of specific mRNA after C1q stimulation, and inhibition of peptide production in the presence of cycloheximide. The production of all factors was inhibited (69 +/- 7%) by the collagenous fragments of C1q, while the C1q globular heads only induced 13 +/- 11% inhibition. When HUVEC were incubated with C1q in the presence of aggregated IgM, enhanced production of IL-8 (2500 +/- 422 pg/ml), IL-6 (997 +/- 21 pg/ml), and MCP-1 (5343 +/- 302 pg/ml) was found. Furthermore, F(ab')2 anti-calreticulin partially inhibited the production of IL-8, confirming at least the involvement of cC1qR/CaR. These experiments suggest that in an inflammatory response C1q not only is able to activate the complement pathway, but when presented in a proper fashion also might induce the production of factors that contribute to acute phase responses and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Calreticulin', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Complement C1q', 'Complement Factor H', 'Cycloheximide', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Umbilical Veins']
| 9,862,726
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D12.644.360.372.374', 'D12.776.157.125.412.374', 'D12.776.476.387.374', 'D12.776.503.303'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.050.270'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.920.325.200', 'D12.776.124.790.223.200', 'D12.776.377.715.182.200'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['G12.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D27.505.519.389.760'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['A07.015.908.670.874', 'A16.378.693.807']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Low-dose immunization with adenovirus expressing the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor A-subunit deviates the antibody response toward that of autoantibodies in human Graves' disease.
|
Immunization with adenovirus expressing the TSH receptor (TSHR) induces hyperthyroidism in 25-50% of mice. Even more effective is immunization with a TSHR A-subunit adenovirus (65-84% hyperthyroidism). Nevertheless, TSHR antibody characteristics in these mice do not mimic accurately those of autoantibodies in typical Graves' patients, with a marked TSH-blocking antibody response. We hypothesized that this suboptimal antibody response was consequent to the standard dose of TSHR-adenovirus providing too great an immune stimulus. To test this hypothesis, we compared BALB/c mice immunized with the usual number (10(11)) and with far fewer viral particles (10(9) and 10(7)). Regardless of viral dose, hyperthyroidism developed in a similar proportion (68-80%) of mice. We then examined the qualitative nature of TSHR antibodies in each group. Sera from all mice had TSH binding-inhibitory (TBI) activity after the second immunization, with TBI values in proportion to the viral dose. After the third injection, all groups had near-maximal TBI values. Remarkably, in confirmation of our hypothesis, immunization with progressively lower viral doses generated TSHR antibodies approaching the characteristics of autoantibodies in human Graves' disease as follows: 1) lower TSHR antibody titers on ELISA and 2) lower TSH-blocking antibody activity without decrease in thyroid-stimulating antibody activity. In summary, low-dose immunization with adenovirus expressing the free TSHR A-subunit provides an induced animal model with a high prevalence of hyperthyroidism as well as TSHR antibodies more closely resembling autoantibodies in Graves' disease.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Autoantibodies', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Virion']
| 14,576,177
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D06.472.699.322.326.562', 'D06.472.699.322.576.288.750', 'D06.472.699.322.576.463.249', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288.750', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463.249', 'D06.472.699.631.525.883.249', 'D06.472.699.649.367.562', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288.750', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463.249', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883.249', 'D12.644.548.726.367.562'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.480', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.480', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A21.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Flagellar filament structural protein induces Sj?gren's syndrome-like sialadenitis in mice.
|
OBJECTIVE: Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects lacrimal and salivary glands. We previously reported that FliC derived from Escherichia coli could induce autoimmune pancreatitis-like lesions. From these results, we speculated that FliC could also induce SS-like exocrinopathy. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to FliC on lacrimal and salivary glands and the possibility that it might lead to an autoimmune response.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly injected with FliC and histological changes, serum levels of cytokine/chemokines and autoantibodies were evaluated at different time points after the final injection. The presence of sialadenitis was diagnosed by histological methods.RESULTS: In FliC-treated groups, 57% of subjects developed inflammatory cell infiltrates around ducts in mandibular salivary glands, but not lacrimal glands. In addition, serum levels of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were significantly higher in FliC-treated groups. Intriguingly, serum anti-SSA/Ro levels were also significantly higher in FliC-treated groups. Cytokine analysis revealed that serum levels of IL-1â, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFN-ã, IL-15, and IL-23 seemed to be higher in FliC-treated mice.CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that FliC-treated mice develop an SS-like phenotype. Our model may elucidate the relationship between commensal bacteria and SS.
|
['Animals', 'Autoantibodies', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Female', 'Flagellin', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Interleukins', 'Mice', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Sialadenitis', "Sjogren's Syndrome"]
| 28,142,222
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D12.776.097.380'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['C07.465.815.793'], ['C05.550.114.154.774', 'C05.799.114.774', 'C07.465.815.929.669', 'C11.496.260.719', 'C17.300.775.099.774', 'C20.111.199.774']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Defining displacement thresholds for surgical intervention for distal radius fractures - A Delphi study.
|
Distal radius fractures are very common yet controversy exists regarding which require treatment and is reflected by significant variation in surgical intervention rate. Evidence regarding which fractures would benefit from intervention is varied and largely poor quality. This study had three aims; identify which radiographic parameters are clinically important; quantify the threshold of displacement at which intervention should occur and investigate which patient factors influence the decision to intervene. A modified three round Delphi study was carried out and responses were qualitatively analysed. The Delphi panel was composed of three groups of national and international expert surgeons: hand and wrist surgeons, trauma surgeons, and international researchers. 46 participants initially agreed to take part. 43 completed the first round and all then completed three rounds. Participants were asked questions based around case vignettes in patients of three ages (38, 58, 75 years). For all age groups ulnar variance was ranked as the most important extra-articular parameter, step was ranked as the most important intra-articular parameter. Agreed thresholds were the same for all parameters for patients aged 38 and 58. Surgeons would intervene with +2 mm ulnar variance, 10 degrees dorsal tilt, 2mm step and 3mm gap. In patients aged 75 the agreed thresholds were 20 degrees dorsal tilt, 3mm step and 4mm gap, consensus was not achieved for ulnar variance. Mental capacity, pre-injury functional level and medical co-morbidities were ranked as the most important factors influencing the decision to intervene. Qualitative analysis suggested that pre-injury function was the main theme within these factors. Our findings provide useful advice about which parameters should be measured and radiographic thresholds for intervention. These thresholds may then be modified depending on important patient factors. This information can help guide clinicians with management decisions and reduce variation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Delphi Technique', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intra-Articular Fractures', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radius Fractures', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,620,763
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['L01.906.197'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.404.505'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.088.268.556', 'C26.404.562'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Simultaneous quantification of 11 active constituents in Shexiang Baoxin Pill by ultraperformance convergence chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry.
|
On account of the complexity of chemical constituents of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, a novel and effective UPC2-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously determine the content of 11 active compounds of SBP with outstanding separation ability. Eleven components in SBP, including 2 ginsenosides, 2 bile acids, 3 bufadienolides and 4 volatiles were detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes with multiple reaction monitor (MRM). The analysis was performed at 30°C using an Acquity UPC2 Diol (3.0?50mm, 1.7ìm) column with linear gradient elution (eluent A, CO2; eluent B, methanol containing 20mM ammonium acetate), back pressure of 2000 psi, flow rate of 1.2mL/min and the injection volume of 1.0ìL. The method was extensively validated regarding the linearity (r?0.9974), precision (?3.11%), recovery (93.34-104.50%), repeatability (?2.00%) and stability (?4.20%). Using this method, 11 active compounds of SBP with different polarity were simultaneously quantified in one chromatography analysis within 8min. Statistical analysis of the effects of 11 compounds on the quality of SBP revealed that the content of cinnamaldehyde varied widely in different batches. This work presents an exemplary study for quality control of complex samples, especially for TCMs.
|
['Bile Acids and Salts', 'Bufanolides', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Ginsenosides', 'Limit of Detection', 'Quality Control', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Volatile Organic Compounds']
| 28,384,605
|
[['D04.210.500.105'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.064'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D02.455.849.919.277', 'D09.408.782.300'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D02.974']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Applying guidance for methane emission estimation for landfills.
|
Quantification of methane emission from landfills is important to evaluate measures for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Both the United Nations and the European Union have adopted protocols to ensure quantification of methane emission from individual landfills. The purpose of these protocols is to disclose emission data to regulators and the general public. Criteria such as timeliness, completeness, certainty, comparability, consistency and transparency are set for inclusion of emission data in a publicly accessible database. All methods given as guidance to landfill operators to estimate landfill methane emissions are based on models. In this paper the consequences of applying six different models for estimates of three landfills are explored. It is not the intention of this paper to criticise or validate models. The modelling results are compared with whole site methane emission measurements. A huge difference in results is observed. This raises doubts about the accuracy of the models. It also indicates that at least some of the criteria previously mentioned are not met for the tools currently available to estimate methane emissions from individual landfills. This will inevitably lead to compiling and comparing data with an incomparable origin. Harmonization of models is recommended. This may not necessarily reduce uncertainty, but it will at least result in comparable, consistent and transparent data.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Europe', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Methane', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Refuse Disposal', 'United Nations']
| 16,442,791
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.542'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['E05.599'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.700', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600'], ['N03.540.514.718']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Estimation of postmortem interval using kinetic analysis of the third component of complement (C3) cleavage.
|
To estimate postmortem interval (PMI), spontaneous cleavage of the third component of complement (C3) was studied in aged blood and cadaveric blood by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Using the kinetics of C3 cleavage in vitro described as dC/dt = -kC, where C is the concentration of native C3 at time t and k is a first-order rate constant, Arrhenius' equation, and another equation which assumes a linear drop of body temperature after death, the percentages of C3 cleavage were calculated. There was a significant positive correlation between the calculated percentages and the measured percentages of up to 10% in cadaveric blood. We found that the comparison between the calculated percentage of C3 cleavage for each optional postmortem interval and the measured percentage of up to 10% in cadaveric blood leads to the estimation of PMI. This approach is one step towards the development of an accurate method for determining PMI based on C3 cleavage, that is, on a first-order reaction.
|
['Blood Protein Electrophoresis', 'Cause of Death', 'Complement C3', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Postmortem Changes', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 2,918,280
|
[['E01.370.225.124.100.110', 'E05.196.401.076', 'E05.200.124.100.110', 'E05.301.300.049'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['D12.776.124.050.140', 'D12.776.124.486.274.250'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Abundance and morphometry of tuberculosa Anadara and A. similis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Manglar de Purruja, Dulce Gulf, Costa Rica].
|
The density, population, length, yield and sex proportion of the mollusks Anadara tuberculosa and A. similis were studied in Bah?a de Golfito, Golfo Dulce, Pacific coast of Costa Rica from February 1998 to February 1999. A. tuberculosa was more abundant (0.9 units m(-2)), than A. similis (0.2 units m(-2)); the highest abundance was found at the canal mouths. The average lengths were 43.3 mm for A. tuberculosa and 42.8 mm for A. similis (both under the Costa Rican legal minimal length for exploitation: 47 mm). Maximum lengths were measured in the middle and upstream Canal Mayor, respectively: 43.0 mm and 43.4 mm. The correlation between length and fresh weight was 0.81 (Pearson). The average total weights were 26.2 g for A. tuberculosa and 19.1 g for A. similis. The condition index (a meat yield measurement) was higher in A. similis (21.2%) than in A. tuberculosa (17.2%). The maximum yield for both species lies in the 31-35 mm range. The male ratio was 43.7%. A species recovery plan is urgent because these results suggest both a decrease in density and illegal exploitation.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Costa Rica', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mollusca', 'Population Density', 'Sex Distribution', 'Trees']
| 15,264,545
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['Z01.107.169.238'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Preoperative sedation with dexmedetomidine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].
|
BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine could be beneficial for preoperative sedation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of its sympathetic suppressive effect without respiratory depression.METHODS: Thirteen patients were sedated with continuous intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine (group D) and 13 were with intermittent intravenous administration of diazepam and pentazocine (group C).RESULTS: Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) on admission to OR in group D were lower than those in group C. On tracheal intubation, BP and HR increased in both groups, but the differences between the values before and after the intubation were larger in group C than in D.CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative dexmedetomidine infusion is suitable for patients with SAH.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Conscious Sedation', 'Dexmedetomidine', 'Diazepam', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pentazocine', 'Preanesthetic Medication', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']
| 16,440,707
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E03.155.197'], ['E03.250'], ['D03.383.129.308.245'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.106.700', 'D04.615.723.795.106.700'], ['E03.806', 'E04.604.750.619'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
On the use of age-intensity data to detect immunity to parasitic infections, with special reference to Schistosoma mansoni in Kenya.
|
We consider two phenomena, related to the host age-intensity profiles of parasitic infections, which have been suggested to be indicative of acquired immunity: (i) a lower age of peak intensity among more intensely infected hosts; and (ii) a decline with age in the dispersion of the distribution of parasites between hosts. We demonstrate that these phenomena occur among Kenyan schoolchildren infected with Schistosoma mansoni, although the magnitude of both is small. We also examine the mathematical models underlying these predictions and conclude that both phenomena are possible in the absence of acquired immunity or, indeed, in the absence of any density-dependent effect. In our opinion, insufficient attention has been focused upon mathematical models, describing the null hypothesis, i.e. density-independent models. In particular, we regard the usual assumptions made for the two stochastic components of these models, describing the heterogeneity between hosts and the probabilistic nature of infection and death of parasites, as too rigid and unrealistic. We demonstrate that deviation from these assumptions undermines the qualitative distinctions between models which describe acquired immunity or density dependence and those which are density-independent.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Feces', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Active', 'Kenya', 'Models, Biological', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Parasitic Diseases', 'Prevalence', 'Regression Analysis', 'Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosomiasis mansoni']
| 1,454,421
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.370'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['C01.610'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700'], ['C01.610.335.865.859.576', 'C01.920.922.576']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Q/R site interactions with the M3 helix in GluK2 kainate receptor channels revealed by thermodynamic mutant cycles.
|
RNA editing at the Q/R site near the apex of the pore loop of AMPA and kainate receptors controls a diverse array of channel properties, including ion selectivity and unitary conductance and susceptibility to inhibition by polyamines and cis-unsaturated fatty acids, as well as subunit assembly into tetramers and regulation by auxiliary subunits. How these different aspects of channel function are all determined by a single amino acid substitution remains poorly understood; however, several lines of evidence suggest that interaction between the pore helix (M2) and adjacent segments of the transmembrane inner (M3) and outer (M1) helices may be involved. In the present study, we have used double mutant cycle analysis to test for energetic coupling between the Q/R site residue and amino acid side chains along the M3 helix. Our results demonstrate interaction with several M3 locations and particularly strong coupling to substitution for L614 at the level of the central cavity. In this location, replacement with smaller side chains completely and selectively reverses the effect of fatty acids on gating of edited channels, converting strong inhibition of wild-type GluK2(R) to nearly 10-fold potentiation of GluK2(R) L614A.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Binding Sites', 'Fatty Acids', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptors, Kainic Acid', 'Thermodynamics']
| 23,940,260
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D10.251'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.200', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.200', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.200'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized assessment of adding the kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib to first-line chemotherapy for FLT3-mutated AML.
|
The clinical benefit of adding FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3)-directed small molecule therapy to standard first-line treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not yet been established. As part of the UK AML15 and AML17 trials, patients with previously untreated AML and confirmed FLT3-activating mutations, mostly younger than 60 years, were randomly assigned either to receive oral lestaurtinib (CEP701) or not after each of 4 cycles of induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Lestaurtinib was commenced 2 days after completing chemotherapy and administered in cycles of up to 28 days. The trials ran consecutively. Primary endpoints were overall survival in AML15 and relapse-free survival in AML17; outcome data were meta-analyzed. Five hundred patients were randomly assigned between lestaurtinib and control: 74% had FLT3-internal tandem duplication mutations, 23% FLT3-tyrosine kinase domain point mutations, and 2% both types. No significant differences were seen in either 5-year overall survival (lestaurtinib 46% vs control 45%; hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI 0.70-1.15; P = .3) or 5-year relapse-free survival (40% vs 36%; hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI 0.69-1.12; P = .3). Exploratory subgroup analysis suggested survival benefit with lestaurtinib in patients receiving concomitant azole antifungal prophylaxis and gemtuzumab ozogamicin with the first course of chemotherapy. Correlative studies included analysis of in vivo FLT3 inhibition by plasma inhibitory activity assay and indicated improved overall survival and significantly reduced rates of relapse in lestaurtinib-treated patients who achieved sustained greater than 85% FLT3 inhibition. In conclusion, combining lestaurtinib with intensive chemotherapy proved feasible in younger patients with newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML, but yielded no overall clinical benefit. The improved clinical outcomes seen in patients achieving sustained FLT3 inhibition encourage continued evaluation of FLT3-directed therapy alongside front-line AML treatment. The UK AML15 and AML17 trials are registered at www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17161961 and www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN55675535 respectively.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carbazoles', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Consolidation Chemotherapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Induction Chemotherapy', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Young Adult', 'fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3']
| 27,872,058
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.319.218'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.499', 'E02.860.500'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.020', 'D12.776.543.750.630.020', 'D12.776.624.664.700.114']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Progress in endocrine therapy for early breast cancer].
|
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissues of the breast gland. The cause of the disease is not fully understood and may be related to genetic, endocrine and other factors. For estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive early breast cancer, endocrine therapy is efficient, simple, and fewer side-effect, so endocrine therapy plays an important role in the treatment for early breast cancer. But most of them will develop drug-resistant after 8 to 14 months and have to combine with chemotherapy or molecule targeted therapy. However, there are still different ideas in the effects of endocrine therapy drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy or molecule targeted drugs, pre-menopausally or post-menopausally.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Receptors, Estrogen']
| 31,919,322
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of an otoscopy simulator to teach otoscopy and normative anatomy to first year medical students.
|
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Our study evaluates the effectiveness of the OtoSim as an educational tool for teaching otoscopy and normal middle ear anatomy to first-year medical students.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey design.METHODS: A large group otoscopy simulator teaching session was held in January 2014 for 29 first-year medical students at the University of Toronto. Following the training session, survey questions were administered to assess the student experience.RESULTS: A total of 29 students completed the survey. All respondents rated the overall quality of the event as very good or excellent. Ninety-three percent of respondents indicated that the simulator increased their confidence in otoscopy. Students also commented that they were able to learn normal middle ear anatomy without causing discomfort to patients.CONCLUSIONS: The use of otoscopy simulation is a novel addition to traditional learning methods for undergraduate medical students. Students can effectively learn normal external and middle ear anatomy and improve their confidence in performing otoscopy examination.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Ear, Middle', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Ontario', 'Otolaryngology', 'Otoscopy', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Students, Medical']
| 25,601,719
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['A09.246.397'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['H02.403.810.526'], ['E01.370.382.637'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.848.769.602']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The scientific claims of British child guidance, 1918-45.
|
This article examines the British child guidance movement's claim to scientific status and what it sought to gain by the wider acceptance of such a claim. The period covered is from the movement's origins in the 1920s to the end of the Second World War, by which point it had been incorporated into the welfare state. This was also an era when science commanded high intellectual and cultural status. Child guidance was a form of psychiatric medicine that addressed the emotional and psychological difficulties that any child might experience. It thus saw itself as a form of preventive medicine and as a component of the international movement for mental hygiene. Child guidance was organized around the clinic and employed the knowledge and skills of three distinct professions: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers. Its claim to scientific status was underpinned by the movement's clinical and organizational approach and in turn derived from developments in the laboratory sciences and in academic medicine. There were, however, those even within the movement itself who challenged child guidance's purported scientific status. Such objections notwithstanding, it is suggested here that at least in its own terms the claim was justified, particularly because of the type of psychiatric approach which child guidance employed, based as it was on a form of medical holism.
|
['Child', 'Child Guidance', 'Child Psychiatry', 'Child, Preschool', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Mental Health', 'United Kingdom']
| 20,027,910
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F02.784.629.272', 'F04.408.192'], ['F04.096.544.193', 'H02.403.690.130'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Acute cholecystitis in choledocholithiasis and stricture of the ampulla of Vater].
|
The work is based on the examination of 106 patients, operated in the clinic for acute cholecystitis associated with choledocholithiasis and strictures of Vater's papilla. The operation of choice is a removal of pathologically changed gallbladder, elimination of the cause of cholestasis with restoration of bile passage in the bowel. The technic of choledochoduodenostomy adopted in the clinic is described. The immediate mortality was observed in 2.8%. Choledochoduodenostomy yielded good results in 81.1%, external drainage -- in 70.6%.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Cholecystitis', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Constriction', 'Duodenal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Methods']
| 855,107
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['C06.130.564.263'], ['C06.130.409'], ['E05.225'], ['C06.405.469.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anaesthesia for an adult with Angelman syndrome.
|
Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic condition involving abnormalities of chromosome 15 in the majority of cases. These defects involve a gene encoding an ubiquitin protein ligase and may be associated with abnormal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor subunits. Angelman syndrome may have profound implications for anaesthesia: potential exists for airway difficulties; refractory bradyarrythmias; and pharmacodynamic unpredictability. A case of an adult with Angelman syndrome undergoing dental work under general anaesthesia is presented. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia was unremarkable but emergence was complicated by generalised muscular hypertonia and temporary respiratory embarrassment which resolved spontaneously.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Angelman Syndrome', 'Dental Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Muscle Hypertonia', 'Respiratory Insufficiency']
| 19,825,063
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.197'], ['C10.228.662.075', 'C16.131.077.095', 'C16.131.260.040', 'C16.320.180.040'], ['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.613.550', 'C23.888.592.608.550'], ['C08.618.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Combined directed ortho metalation/cross-coupling strategies: synthesis of the tetracyclic A/B/C/D ring core of the antitumor agent camptothecin.
|
A convergent synthesis of the A/B/C/D ring fragment 5 of camptothecin using a combination of directed ortho metalation and Negishi cross-coupling is described. The key features of the synthetic sequence are an anionic ortho-Fries rearrangement (10 --> 12), a Negishi cross-coupling (7 --> 6), and a terminal modified von Braun reaction (16 --> 5) that leads to tetracyclic derivative 5 in 7 steps and 11% overall yield.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Camptothecin', 'Catalysis', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular']
| 15,527,256
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['D03.132.151'], ['G02.130'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.550']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines: hyporesponsiveness as an important consideration when choosing between the use of conjugate vaccine or polysaccharide vaccine.
|
Regional variations in the incidence and the distribution of serogroups which are responsible of meningococcal disease necessitate multivalent vaccines to ensure broad coverage for travelers. For almost 30 years, this has been provided by quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine to protect against serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y, but with the advent of quadrivalent conjugate vaccines is there still a case to use the polysaccharide? The well documented hyporesponsiveness induced by polysaccharide vaccines after repeated administration, most clearly observed against serogroup C, suggest that, where available, conjugate vaccines should always be considered ahead of polysaccharide vaccine.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Immunization, Secondary', 'Infant', 'Meningitis, Meningococcal', 'Meningococcal Vaccines', 'Serotyping', 'Vaccines, Conjugate']
| 20,188,306
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.485', 'E05.478.550.550'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.625.549.449', 'C01.207.180.500.750', 'C10.228.228.180.500.750', 'C10.228.614.280.505'], ['D20.215.894.135.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['D20.215.894.865.900', 'D23.050.865.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of transfer RNA during the early embryogenesis of the freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis.
|
Total RNA as well as transfer RNA were quantified from mature ova apart from four different embryonic stages namely mid-cleavage, early gastrula, mid-gastrula and organogenesis of the freshwater teleost Heteropneustes fossilis. Total RNA as well as transfer RNA quantity follow a similar variation pattern, being maximum during mid-gastrulation. When analysed by total amino acid acceptance capacity, transfer RNA shows its maximum activity during mid-gastrulation. This coincides with the higher ratio of tRNA to total RNA at this stage. The relative aminoacylation capacity for Ser, Gly, Asn and Thr are found to be higher (9-34%) compared to that for other amino acids. Total tRNA, resolved into three peaks upon HPLC fractionation, shows a high cumulative peak area during mid-gastrulation and organogenesis. These results indicate a switch over of maternal to embryonic translation machinery during gastrulation.
|
['Animals', 'Catfishes', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'RNA, Transfer']
| 8,531,921
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['D13.444.735.757']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mesalazine-probiotics beads for acetic acid experimental colitis: formulation and characterization of a promising new therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Acetic acid ulcerative colitis (UC) is an experimental condition created due to intra-rectal administration of acetic acid which causes inflammation and ulceration in the lining of colon and rectum. In such condition, the colon cannot absorb liquid from the stools, resulting in larger volume of watery stools. Mesalazine is mainly used for the treatment of UC but suffers from the drawback of having poor bioavailability. UC is also characterized by alteration in colonic microflora. The present work was focused on delivering mesalazine along with probiotic, which would facilitate to refurbish customary growth of microflora. Mesalazine and probiotic were encapsulated in pectin beads with an aim to protect the drug from gastric environment and target to colonic region.METHODS: Pectin beads were prepared, formulation process was optimized for polymer concentration, drug concentration, cross-linking agent concentration. Formulation was characterized for surface morphology, in vitro drug release studies, determination of viable cell count, in vivo ulcer protective studies and stability studies.RESULTS: Average particle diameter of beads was ?1.44-1.72 mm. Drug entrapment efficiency was found to be optimal (78-79%). A sustained release of drug was observed for 5 h; nearly 60% of drug was released at the end of 10 h. Microbiological studies of probiotic showed best cell viability. In acetic acid induced UC model, Mesalazine-probiotic beads-treated group showed significant (p < 0.01) ulcer protection index with respect to free drug-treated group.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, mesalazine-probiotic loaded beads may serve as a useful colon specific drug delivery system for treatment of colitis.
|
['Acetic Acid', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cell Survival', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Colon', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Liberation', 'Male', 'Mesalamine', 'Particle Size', 'Pectins', 'Probiotics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 24,491,122
|
[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['G04.346'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.300.500', 'D02.241.223.100.300.595.100.540', 'D02.241.511.390.595.100.540', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.100.540', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.100.540'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750.078.738', 'D09.698.670', 'D20.215.784.500.618'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between vitamin D receptor poly(A) polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
|
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) poly(A) is a common genetic polymorphism in the VDR gene, and it has been implicated to be associated with breast cancer risk. However, previous studies on the association reported inconclusive results. We performed this meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the association. Eligible studies were searched in PubMed and EMBASE databases. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used for statistical analysis. A total 6,631 cases and 6,718 controls from 11 case-control studies were finally included into the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of total eligible studies showed that VDR poly(A) polymorphism was not associated with the risk of breast cancer (S versus L: OR = 0.99, 95% CI of 0.90-1.09, P = 0.84; SS versus LL: OR = 0.96, 95% CI of 0.79-1.18, P = 0.70; SS/LS versus LL: OR = 0.96, 95% CI of 0.83-1.12, P = 0.63; SS versus LL/LS: OR = 1.00, 95% CI of 0.91-1.10, P = 0.98). Meta-analysis of studies with high quality also showed that there was no association between VDR poly(A) polymorphism and breast cancer risk. In addition, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was found among Caucasians. Therefore, the meta-analysis suggests that VDR poly(A) polymorphism is not associated with the risk of breast cancer. Large well-designed studies are necessary to clarify the possible association in Asians.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Odds Ratio', 'Poly A', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Publication Bias', 'Receptors, Calcitriol', 'Risk']
| 24,037,913
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['L01.737.813'], ['D12.776.826.535'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Human CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are derived by rapid turnover of memory populations in vivo.
|
While memory T cells are maintained by continuous turnover, it is not clear how human regulatory CD4+ CD45RO+ CD25hi Foxp3+ T lymphocyte populations persist throughout life. We therefore used deuterium labeling of cycling cells in vivo to determine whether these cells could be replenished by proliferation. We found that CD4+ CD45RO+ Foxp3+ CD25hi T lymphocytes were highly proliferative, with a doubling time of 8 days, compared with memory CD4+ CD45RO+ Foxp3- CD25- (24 days) or naive CD4+ CD45RA+ Foxp3- CD25- populations (199 days). However, the regulatory population was susceptible to apoptosis and had critically short telomeres and low telomerase activity. It was therefore unlikely to be self regenerating. These data are consistent with continuous production from another population source. We found extremely close TCR clonal homology between regulatory and memory CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, antigen-related expansions within certain TCR Vbeta families were associated with parallel numerical increases of CD4+ CD45RO+ CD25hi Foxp3+ Tregs with the same Vbeta usage. It is therefore unlikely that all human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs are generated as a separate functional lineage in the thymus. Instead, our data suggest that a proportion of this regulatory population is generated from rapidly dividing, highly differentiated memory CD4+ T cells; this has considerable implications for the therapeutic manipulation of these cells in vivo.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, CD', 'CD4 Antigens', 'Cell Cycle', 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Telomere']
| 16,955,142
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['G04.144'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.126', 'D08.811.277.656.959.250', 'D23.050.301.264.894.160', 'D23.101.100.894.160'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Galactosemia: clinical features, diagnosis and management. A case report.
|
The case report and discussion presented here were prepared in response to legislation in Louisiana which requires that the Dept of Health and Hospitals establish a program to inform physicians and hospitals of the current medical standards for the diagnosis, clinical management, and recognition of galactosemia. Classical galactosemia is an inborn error of galactose metabolism caused by a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridryl transferase. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and its estimated occurrence is 1/60,000. The presenting symptoms which include vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, and failure to thrive result from the ingestion of foods containing galactose--breast milk and formulas containing cow's milk. Although some states routinely screen all newborns for galactosemia, the results of the newborn screening are often not available before the infant presents with symptoms. Early recognition and immediate withdrawal of galactose from the diet can prevent serious morbidity and mortality. There is significant clinical variability and not all infants present with typical acute manifestations of the disease.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Galactosemias', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male']
| 7,642,981
|
[['E01.171'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.320', 'C16.320.565.189.320', 'C16.320.565.202.355', 'C18.452.132.100.320', 'C18.452.648.189.320', 'C18.452.648.202.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Quality of Information on Combined Oral Contraceptives Available on the Internet.
|
OBJECTIVE: Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are a popular choice among women. The Internet is an accessible and popular source of information on contraception. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of online information on COC.METHODS: A quantitative content analysis was completed on websites containing patient health information on COCs. The search was completed in October 2016 using Google; search terms included "birth control pill," "oral contraception," "oral birth control", "birth control," and "pregnancy prevention." The first three pages of search results were screened according to inclusion criteria. The DISCERN instrument and JAMA Benchmarks were used to assess quality. Websites were analyzed independently by two coders; discrepancies were resolved by third coder (Canadian Task Force Classification III).RESULTS: Of the 155 websites identified, 32 were eligible for review. Most websites mentioned contraceptive benefit (81.3%), and half reported the typical effectiveness of COCs (53.1%). Commonly included non-contraceptive benefits were alleviation of dysmenorrhea (87.5%) and reduced blood loss (84.4%). Risk of venous thromboembolism was listed in 81.3% of websites, including stroke (56.3%) and myocardial infarction (46.9%); however, sites failed to include details with these risks. Only 46.9% provided information on starting COC; the first-day start method was the most common (40.6%). Nearly half lacked details on managing missed pills (46.9%). The mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 9 ± 2.0. The mean DISCERN score was 46.3 ± 9.37, indicating "fair" quality.CONCLUSION: Online information on COCs was variable in quality, often missing key information for making informed decisions. Health care providers should be aware of information gaps when advising women to seek information online.
|
['Benchmarking', 'Canada', 'Consumer Health Information', 'Contraceptives, Oral, Combined', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet']
| 31,003,948
|
[['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['I02.233.332.186', 'N02.421.726.407.229'], ['D26.310.360', 'D27.505.696.875.360.276.210.100', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Mutation analysis of the acid ceramidase gene in Japanese patients with Farber disease.
|
Farber disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease, characterized by the accumulation of ceramide in tissues due to acid ceramidase deficiency. Here we report the identification of three novel mutations in the acid ceramidase gene from two Japanese patients. Patient 1 showed joint problems at around 10 months of age and the patient is now emaciated, with multiple nodules and mild neurological problems at 10 years of age. Patient 2 had consanguineous parents and showed joint contractures at around 8 months of age. He showed neurological symptoms around 2 years of age and died at 6 years owing to respiratory failure. The diagnosis was made clinically and was confirmed by enzymatic assay of acid ceramidase. Molecular analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts showed normal mRNA levels expressed in both patients. By direct sequencing of cDNA, missense mutations of V97E in exon 4 and G235R in exon 9 were detected in patient 1 and 96delV in exon 4 was homozygously identified in patient 2. These mutations were also confirmed in genomic DNA. Expression of mutated acid ceramidase cDNA in COS-1 cells showed acid ceramidase activity decreased to 35%, 2% and 37% of control value, respectively. We also found a new polymorphism V3691 in exon 14 in the allele from the mother of patient 1. To date, 13 mutations, including our newly identified mutations, have been reported. All these mutations were genetically private and genotype-phenotype correlations could not be made.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'COS Cells', 'Child', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramidase', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Lysosomal Storage Diseases', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Sequence Deletion']
| 12,638,942
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.150'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C16.320.565.595', 'C18.452.648.595'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Different methods to estimate total power and its components during lifting.
|
A more fundamental understanding about the act of manual lifting can be provided by the assessment of the total production of power and the power generated in joints. The present study is concerned with the validity of the estimations of these parameters. Four subjects lifted an 18.8 kg load while they were filmed and ground reaction forces were measured. The total generated power was calculated in three ways: (1) by summation of joint powers, (2) on the basis of the rate of change of the summed energy contents of human body segments, and (3) on the basis of the rate of change of the body energy estimated from ground reaction forces. The results were compared. Furthermore, at a segmental level the power supplied to or absorbed from a segment was compared to the rate of change of its energy content. The resulting instantaneous power curves from the three different methods showed a high level of agreement, which supports their validity. However, some minor discrepancies were observed. The major cause of the observed difference between the rate of change of the summed segmental energy contents and the summed joint powers was found at a segmental level. It was observed that segmental link lengths (i.e. distances between proximal and distal markers) changed during movement, which yielded discrepancies between the power flow to or from a segment and the rate of change of its energy content.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Weight Lifting']
| 1,517,270
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['I03.450.642.845.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The significance of oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis in Japan: relevance of immunogenetic backgrounds.
|
We compared clinical and demographic features, MRI findings, and HLA profiles of 57 Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) between groups with and without oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with the optic-spinal form of MS (OpS-MS) or acute transverse myelopathy (ATM), which are distinctive and relatively common in Japanese MS, were excluded in this study. The OCB-positive rate was only 56.1% (32/57) among these 57 'conventional' MS patients, of whom clinical features were similar to those of Western MS patients. The demographic features, clinical course, disability, and cerebral abnormalities seen on MRI were similar in the OCB-negative and OCB-positive patient groups. HLA-DR2 antigen, which has been confirmed to be associated with MS in many populations, was more common in the OCB-positive than in the OCB-negative and control groups. Furthermore, DR4 antigen was statistically more common in the OCB-negative patient group. These results raise the possibility that the presence of OCB is related to the immunogenetic background of the patient, and that there may be at least two subpopulations in Japanese patients with 'conventional' MS from the viewpoint of immunogenetics. In one subpopulations, MS is associated with the DR2 antigen, and shows a stronger humoral immune response in the CSF, while in the other MS is associated with DR4, which has a milder humoral response. Further investigations involving more patients are warranted.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Female', 'HLA Antigens', 'HLA-DR2 Antigen', 'HLA-DR4 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Immunogenetics', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Oligoclonal Bands']
| 9,702,693
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.400.020', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.389.750', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.389.020', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.389.750'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.400.040', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.400.040', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.400.040', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.389.937', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.389.040', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.389.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.273.343.420'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.715', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.715', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.715', 'D23.101.613']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative analysis of histidine and cis and trans isomers of urocanic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography: a new assay method and its application.
|
To elucidate the factors involved in dry skin and the skin damage caused by UV light, it is necessary to analyze small amounts of stratum corneum to determine amino acid contents. A new assay method for this purpose is described. Dabsylated amino acids including histidine and the cis and trans isomers of urocanic acid were analyzed quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using a reversed-phase column. Histidine and the isomers of urocanic acid were separated from 36 other amino acids thought to be present in the extract of stratum corneum. In the presence of the 36 amino acids, standard calibration curves were obtained from 0.25 to 2.5 pmol/microliter, for histidine and for both isomers of urocanic acid. The coefficients of variation for the reproducibility of the analysis at 1.0 pmol/microliter were 3.8%, 2.9% and 2.5% for the cis and trans isomers of urocanic acid and for histidine, respectively. Amounts of 2 to 50 pmol of cis and trans isomers of urocanic acid and histidine in the stratum corneum were detected. The ratio of the cis to the trans isomer of urocanic acid in sunburned stratum corneum was more than three times that in normal stratum corneum. This method appears to be useful for the determination of small amounts of histidine and of the cis and trans isomers of urocanic acid in the stratum corneum.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Histidine', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Skin', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Sunburn', 'Urocanic Acid', 'p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene']
| 9,061,456
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['A17.815'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['C17.800.600.725', 'C26.200.855'], ['D02.241.081.069.920', 'D03.383.129.308.960'], ['D02.092.146.325']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Folic acid-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets via plasma etching as a platform to combine NIR anticancer phototherapy and targeted drug delivery.
|
PEGylated graphene oxide (GO) has shown potential as NIR converting agent to produce local heat useful in breast cancer therapy, since its suitable photothermal conversion, high stability in physiological fluids, biocompatibility and huge specific surface. GO is an appealing nanomaterial for potential clinical applications combining drug delivery and photothermal therapy in a single nano-device capable of specifically targeting breast cancer cells. However, native GO sheets have large dimensions (0.5-5 ìm) such that tumor accumulation after a systemic administration is usually precluded. Herein, we report a step-by-step synthesis of folic acid-functionalized PEGylated GO, henceforth named GO-PEG-Fol, with small size and narrow size distribution (?30 ± 5 nm), and the ability of efficiently converting NIR light into heat. GO-PEG-Fol consists of a nano-GO sheet, obtained by fragmentation of GO by means of non-equilibrium plasma etching, fully functionalized with folic acid-terminated PEG2000 chains through amidic coupling and azide-alkyne click cycloaddition, which we showed as active targeting agents to selectively recognize breast cancer cells such as MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. The GO-PEG-Fol incorporated a high amount of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Doxo) (>33%) and behaves as NIR-light-activated heater capable of triggering sudden Doxo delivery inside cancer cells and localized hyperthermia, thus provoking efficient breast cancer death. The cytotoxic effect was found to be selective for breast cancer cells, being the IC50 up to 12 times lower than that observed for healthy fibroblasts. This work established plasma etching as a cost-effective strategy to get functionalized nano-GO with a smart combination of properties such as small size, good photothermal efficiency and targeted cytotoxic effect, which make it a promising candidate as photothermal agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Survival', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Liberation', 'Folic Acid', 'Graphite', 'Humans', 'Infrared Rays', 'Nanostructures', 'Plasma Gases', 'Polyethylene Glycols']
| 31,761,243
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.362.740'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea contamination of clinic surfaces.
|
INTRODUCTION: Nucleic acid amplification tests, with their ability to detect very small amounts of nucleic acid, have become the principle diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) in many sexual health clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of surface contamination with CT and GC within a city centre sexual health clinic and to evaluate the potential for contamination of containers used for the collection of self-taken swabs.METHOD: Surface contamination with CT and GC was assessed by systematically sampling 154 different sites within one clinic using transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), quantitative PCR and culture. The caps of containers used by patients to collect self-taken samples were also tested for CT and GC using TMA.RESULTS: Of the 154 sites sampled, 20 (13.0%) tested positive on TMA. Of these, five (3.2%) were positive for CT alone, 11 (7.1%) for GC alone and four (2.6%) for both CT and GC. The proportion of GC TMA-positive test results differed by gender, with 11 (18.3%) positive results from the male patient clinic area compared with one (1.6%) from the female area (p=0.002). Positive samples were obtained from a variety of locations in the clinic, but the patient toilets were more likely to be contaminated than examination rooms (p=0.015). Quantitative PCR and culture assays were negative for all samples. 46 caps of the containers used for self-taken swabs were negative for both CT and GC on TMA testing.CONCLUSIONS: Surface contamination with chlamydial and gonococcal rRNA can occur within sexual health clinics, but the quantity of nucleic acid detected is low and infection risk to patients and staff is small. There remains a potential risk of contamination of patient samples leading to false-positive results.
|
['Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques']
| 22,535,909
|
[['N02.278.035'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['H01.158.273.540.274', 'N06.850.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['E05.393.620']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Spring ligament of the ankle: normal MR anatomy.
|
The plantar calcaneonavicular or spring ligament is visualized inconsistently and incompletely on routine MR images of the foot. This ligament is a vital stabilizer of the longitudinal arch of the foot, providing support for the head of the talus, which rests on the ligament's central portion. Laxity or rupture of the spring ligament permits plantar flexion of the talus. This motion results in valgus alignment of the calcaneus and a flatfoot deformity (pes planovalgus). Laxity or rupture of the spring ligament can develop in cases of chronic dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. In rupture of the posterior tibial tendon, surgical management may include plication of the spring ligament in addition to repair or reconstruction of the tendon to stabilize the medial column of the foot. Thus, the status of the spring ligament can be a significant consideration in preoperative planning. This pictorial essay illustrates the normal MR anatomy of the spring ligament, the planes of imaging required for optimal depiction of the ligament, and the neighboring structures with which the ligament can be confused.
|
['Ankle', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Ligaments', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']
| 8,249,733
|
[['A01.378.610.050'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.513', 'A10.165.669'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
S. cerevisiae TFIIIB is the transcription initiation factor proper of RNA polymerase III, while TFIIIA and TFIIIC are assembly factors.
|
The S. cerevisiae RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcription factor TFIIIB binds to DNA upstream of the transcription start site of the SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) gene in a TFIIIC-dependent reaction and to the major 5S rRNA gene in a reaction requiring TFIIIC and TFIIIA. It is shown here that TFIIIB alone correctly positions pol III for repeated cycles of transcription on both genes, with the same efficiency as fully assembled transcription complexes. Thus, TFIIIB is the sole transcription initiation factor of S. cerevisiae pol III; TFIIIC and TFIIIA are assembly factors for TFIIIB. The TFIIIB-dependent binding of pol III to the SUP4 tRNA and 5S rRNA genes has been analyzed in binary (protein and DNA only) and precisely arrested ternary (protein, DNA, and RNA) transcription complexes. Pol III unwinds at least 14 bp of DNA at the SUP4 transcription start in a temperature-dependent process. The unwound DNA segment moves downstream with nascent RNA as a transcription bubble of approximately the same size.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Fungal', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Deoxyribonuclease I', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Plasmids', 'Potassium Permanganate', 'RNA Polymerase III', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 5S', 'RNA, Transfer, Tyr', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Transcription Factor TFIIIA', 'Transcription Factor TFIIIB', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription Factors, TFIII', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 2,404,611
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.250'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D01.530.700', 'D01.745.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.775'], ['D13.444.735.686.650'], ['D13.444.735.757.700.750'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.260.775.937.249', 'D12.776.930.930.937.249'], ['D12.776.260.775.937.500', 'D12.776.930.930.937.500'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.260.775.937', 'D12.776.930.930.937'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
pH-responsive vesicles based on a hydrolytically self-cross-linkable copolymer.
|
A new type of shape-persistent, pH-responsive vesicle was prepared by the self-assembly of a novel poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-stat-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate], PEO-b-P(DEA-stat-TMSPMA), copolymer. Vesicles were formed spontaneously in aqueous THF solution, with the hydrophilic PEO chains forming the corona and the pH-sensitive P(DEA-stat-TMSPMA) blocks being located in the membrane walls. Hydrolytic cross-linking within the hydrophobic membrane walls fixed the vesicle morphology. The resulting colloidally stable vesicles were characterized by 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic laser light scattering (DLS), and stopped-flow fluorescence experiments. The latter technique indicated that the permeability of the vesicle walls was sensitive to the pH of the aqueous solution, as expected. Gold-decorated vesicles were obtained by in situ reduction of AuCl4- anions to produce gold nanoparticles within the vesicle walls. (Yellow, hydrophilic PEO; green, pH-responsive DEA residues; blue, hydrolytically self-cross-linkable TMSPMA residues.)
|
['Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Methacrylates', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nylons', 'Organosilicon Compounds', 'Polymers', 'Time Factors']
| 16,159,264
|
[['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D05.750.716.392', 'D25.720.716.392', 'J01.637.051.720.716.392', 'J01.637.548'], ['D02.756'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Research Note: Effect of diet with different proportions of ryegrass on breast meat quality of broiler geese.
|
This study was conducted to determine the effects of diet with different proportions of ryegrass on breast meat quality of geese. In total, 240 healthy male Yangzhou geese (28-day-old) with similar body weight were divided randomly into 4 diet groups (control group: fed commercial diets; treatment groups I, II, and III: fed ryegrass and commercial diet in the ratios of 1.5:1, 2:1, and 3:1, respectively), the birds being fed from the age of 29 to 70 D. The results shows that the body weights of 70-day-old geese of treatment groups II and III were lower than those in the control group, whereas those of geese of treatment group I were similar to those of the control group. The contents of flavor amino acid and total (essential) amino acids in treatment groups I and II were higher than those in treatment group III (P < 0.05). In addition, grass supplementation reduced saturated fatty acid content and increased that of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, relative to the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, among the 6 minerals analyzed in breast muscle, differences existed in Zn, Se, and Cu contents among the geese fed with different proportions of ryegrass. Zn content of geese from treatment groups II and III was significantly higher than that of those of the control group; Cu content was lower with grass intake and was significantly higher in the control group than in treatment group III; Se content was significantly higher in the control group than in both groups II and III (all at P < 0.05). The results from this study indicated that geese fed with low proportions of ryegrass (1.5:1 or 2:1) showed good growth performance and increased total (essential) amino acid, flavor amino acid, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and Zn content in meat, which had a certain guiding value for the production of high-quality goose meat under intensive feeding conditions.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Geese', 'Lolium', 'Male', 'Meat', 'Nutrients', 'Pectoralis Muscles', 'Random Allocation']
| 32,359,586
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.350', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.492'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.500'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['G07.203.300.681', 'J02.500.681'], ['A02.633.567.775'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells on enamel-like fluorapatite surfaces.
|
Our previous studies have shown good biocompatibility of fluorapatite (FA) crystal surfaces in providing a favorable environment for functional cell-matrix interactions of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and also in supporting their long-term growth. The aim of the current study was to further investigate whether this enamel-like surface can support the differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, and, therefore, act as a potential model for studying the enamel/dentin interface and, perhaps, dentine/pulp regeneration in tooth tissue engineering. The human pathway-focused osteogenesis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array demonstrated that the expression of osteogenesis-related genes of human DPSCs was increased on FA surfaces compared with that on etched stainless steel (SSE). Consistent with the PCR array, FA promoted mineralization compared with the SSE surface with or without the addition of a mineralization promoting supplement (MS). This was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining, and tetracycline staining for mineral formation. In conclusion, FA crystal surfaces, especially ordered (OR) FA surfaces, which mimicked the physical architecture of enamel, provided a favorable extracellular matrix microenvironment for the cells. This resulted in the differentiation of human DPSCs and mineralized tissue formation, and, thus, demonstrated that it may be a promising biomimetic model for dentin-pulp tissue engineering.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Anthraquinones', 'Apatites', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Pulp', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Osteogenesis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Stem Cells', 'Tetracycline']
| 22,563,788
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159', 'D02.806.100', 'D04.615.117.159'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025', 'D01.146.360.050', 'D01.578.122', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['A14.549.167.900.260'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['A11.872'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Living with hepatitis C: qualitative interviews with hepatitis C-infected veterans.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection affects millions of people in the USA and prevalence rates are higher in US veterans. The consequences of HCV infection include reduced quality of life, liver damage, and reduced longevity.OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the experiences of US veterans living with chronic HCV infection and use this information in the development of an HCV self-management intervention.METHODS: Twenty-two male HCV-infected veterans completed qualitative interviews. Participants were recruited via flyers and hepatitis C clinic providers at a major VA medical center. Participants were asked about their medical history, being diagnosed with HCV, and general experiences living with HCV.RESULTS: The study gathered the following findings: the impact of HCV on interpersonal relationships was pronounced, recovery from substance use disorders and getting care for HCV were connected, receiving the HCV diagnosis was more troubling to non-IV drug users, participants had misconceptions about HCV and its treatment, psychological problems were prevalent as were barriers to participating in antiviral treatment and HCV care in general.CONCLUSION: The themes derived from our analysis indicate that affected veterans may benefit from interventions or support to improve HCV-related health education, social/relationship issues, psychological issues, and exploration of the connection between substance use recovery and motivation to get care for HCV infection.
|
['Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Quality of Life', 'Self Care', 'United States', 'Veterans']
| 18,807,097
|
[['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Chronotherapy of colorectal cancer.
|
Chronotherapy consists of chemotherapy delivery according to circadian rhythms. These genetically based rhythms modulate cellular metabolism and cell proliferation in normal tissues. As a result, both the host tolerance and antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP), like 30 other anticancer drugs, vary largely according to the dosing time in laboratory rodents. The transfer of this concept to the clinic is aimed primarily at increasing the dose-intensity of the therapy through adjustment of drug-delivery to 24h rhythms in host tolerance. A specific technology (programmable-in-time infusion pumps) enables administration of chronotherapy to fully ambulatory patients. Phase I-III clinical trials show chronotherapy significantly increases tolerance to high doses of cancer drugs and improves antitumor activity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. These safe conditions of drug-delivery led to the first demonstration of the high activity of the 5-FU-leucovorin-L-OHP protocol. Chronotherapy with these three drugs also allows surgical removal of previously unresectable liver and lung metastases. This novel medico-surgical management provides hope for the cure of metastatic disease in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer metastases.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Camptothecin', 'Carboplatin', 'Chronotherapy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Irinotecan', 'Leucovorin', 'Mice', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Rats']
| 11,962,676
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.132.151'], ['D02.257.125'], ['E02.168'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.132.151.425'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800.350.450', 'D08.211.840.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical Significance of Hepcidin in the Diagnosis of Infant Iron Deficiency Anemia].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical diagnostic value and significance of hepciden level by detecting the expression of serum hepcidin before and after treatment of infant iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with or without vitamin D deficiency.METHODS: A total of 60 cases of infamt IDA were divided into A and B groups, the group A consisted of 20 IDA infants with vitamin D deficiency, group B consisted of 48 IDA infants without vitamin D deficiency and the control group included 26 healthy infants. Blood examination including HGB, MCV, MCH and MCHC was performed by hematological analyzer, the level of serum ferritin was assayed by chemiluminescence immunoassay, the levels of hepcidin and 25- (OH) D were assayed by ELISA.RESULTS: The levels of serum hepcidin in group A, B and control group before treatment were (29.16 ± 7.50), (27.11 ± 7.10) and (29.25 ± 8.39) ng/ml, respectively (P > 0.05). The level of serum hepcidin in group A and B after treatments was significantly higher than that in control group [ (36.21 ± 5.68) ng/ml vs (29.25 ± 8.39) ng/ml, P < 0.01; (34.16 ± 4.54) ng/ml vs (29.25 ± 8.39) ng/ml, P < 0.01]; but there were no significantly difference between group A and B (P > 0.05). The serum ferritin positively correlated with hepcidin in group B both before and after treatments (r = 0.352 and 0.367, P < 0.05, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The level of serum hepcidin has an important significance in poccess of evaluatng for therapeutic effect in infant iron deficiency anemia, but the interference effect of vitamin D deficience should be eliminated when the expression level of hepcidin is applicated for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
|
['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hepcidins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 27,151,027
|
[['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.494.249', 'D12.776.543.695.054.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Leupeptin does not affect the normal signal transduction mechanism in platelets.
|
Calpains are Ca2+-dependent serine proteases that can regulate protein kinase C-mediated cellular events by cleaving the membrane-bound native enzyme to yield an activated cytosolic fragment. Inhibition of calpain by leupeptin may cause enhancement or inhibition of cellular functions depending on the nature of the protein kinase C reaction involved. We have studied the effects of leupeptin on platelet responses (aggregation, secretion, thromboxane B2 formation and intracellular Ca2+ and pH changes) induced by either thrombin, collagen or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), which are known to activate protein kinase C by different mechanisms. Only thrombin-induced responses were inhibited by leupeptin. This suggests that the inhibitory effect of leupeptin is not due to antagonism of calpain in this system, but to direct interference with the proteolytic effect of thrombin.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Blood Platelets', 'Calcium', 'Collagen', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Leupeptins', 'Oligopeptides', 'Reference Values', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Thrombin', 'Thromboxane B2']
| 2,920,837
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.644.456.580'], ['D12.644.456'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Impairment in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A substantial overlap exists between declines in cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) and symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). CVR can be quantified using transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurement of cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with CO2 as a vasodilatory stimulus. The breath-hold acceleration index (BHAI) is a new, more reliable measure of CVR developed recently in our laboratory. Our primary goal is to explore the possibility of using TCD for asymptomatic AD screening.METHODS: A pilot study population was divided into three groups: 9 healthy control subjects, 8 subjects identified as preclinical AD, and 10 patients diagnosed with prodromal or mild AD. Control subjects had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0 without elevated amyloid-â (Aâ) on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, preclinical AD subjects had CDR = 0 with elevated Aâ, and prodromal to mild AD subjects had CDR scores ?.5 and elevated Aâ. CVR was calculated using two indices: the conventional breath-holding index (BHI) and the new BHAI. TCD parameters between the three groups were compared.RESULTS: BHAI was able to distinguish between 9 normal control subjects and 8 preclinical-AD subjects with high statistical significance (P < .001). BHI and pulsatility index were able only to distinguish AD from healthy and preclinical subjects (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory pilot study, CVR was significantly decreased in preclinical, prodromal, and mild AD subjects as compared to the healthy group. Lower CVR in the preclinical AD group was detected using the new BHAI index but not the conventional BHI index.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Brain', 'Breath Holding', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Pilot Projects', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial']
| 30,748,053
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G09.772.705.349'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.228.550'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260.850', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260.850', 'E01.370.350.850.260.850', 'E01.370.350.850.850.870', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260.850', 'E05.629.937.260.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A case report of visceral leishmaniasis in Singapore.
|
Visceral leishmaniasis (Indian kala-azar) caused by infection due to the protozoan Leishmania donovani is endemic in the Indian subcontinent and adjoining regions. Prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia and pancytopenia, in the appropriate setting, are important clinical markers towards the diagnosis. Diagnosis is established by blood film or bone marrow examination for Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies and/or culture. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine isethionate or even amphotericin B is usually successful. We report the first case of culture-proven visceral leishmaniasis in Singapore, in a 30-year-old Bangladeshi worker who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). He had the classical constellation of symptoms and signs as mentioned above. Diagnosis was confirmed by culture on the Novy, NcNeal and Nicolle (NNN) medium. He was successfully treated with 20 days of pentamidine isethionate daily infusions at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day.
|
['Adult', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Humans', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Male', 'Pentamidine', 'Singapore']
| 9,494,684
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.510', 'C01.920.813.510'], ['D02.078.100.700'], ['Z01.252.145.774']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Renewal of electrotonic synapses in teleost retinal horizontal cells.
|
In teleost retinas, the somata of same-type cone horizontal cells are electrically coupled via extensive gap junctions, as are the axon terminals of same-type cells. This coupling persists throughout the animal's life and is modulated by dopamine and conditions of light- vs. dark-adaptation. Gap junction particle density in goldfish horizontal cell somata has also been shown to change under these conditions, indicating that these junctions are dynamic. We have used electron microscopy to examine gap junctions in bass horizontal cells with a fixation method that facilitates detection of gap junctions. Annular gap junction profiles were observed in the somatic cytoplasm of all cone horizontal cell types in both light- and dark-adapted animals. Serial sections showed that most profiles represented gap junction vesicles free within the cytoplasm; the remainder represented vesicles still attached to extensive plasma membrane gap junctions by a thin cytoplasmic neck, suggestive of an intermediate stage in endocytosis. Observations of gap junction vesicles containing fragments of gap junctional membrane and/or fused with lysosomal bodies further supported this hypothesis. Because gap junctions persist between the horizontal cells, we propose that gap junction endocytosis and lysosomal degradation are balanced by addition of new junctions. While endocytosis has been widely demonstrated to serve in programmed removal of gap junctions (without subsequent replacement), from both nonneuronal cells and developing neurons, this study indicates that it can also function in the renewal of electrical synapses in the adult teleost retina, where gap junction elimination is not the goal.
|
['Animals', 'Bass', 'Electrophysiology', 'Intercellular Junctions', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Retina', 'Synapses']
| 2,229,483
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.105'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A11.284.149.165.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Age structure, environmental fluctuations, and hermaphroditic sex allocation.
|
This paper studies sex allocation in an age-structured population of hermaphrodites living in a temporally fluctuating environment. The general condition for the evolutionary stable state (ESS) of allocation is derived for density-independent dynamics. This condition is used to determine the effect on the deterministic ESS of a dependence of survival rates on allocation. It is also used to identify the special conditions under which a stochastic ESS is given by a product rule and show how demographic structure and the correlation structure of vital rates determines the stochastic ESS.
|
['Biological Evolution', 'Disorders of Sex Development', 'Models, Genetic', 'Sex Determination Analysis', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Time Factors']
| 2,312,342
|
[['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['C12.706.316', 'C13.351.875.253', 'C16.131.939.316', 'C19.391.119'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E01.370.225.996', 'E05.200.996', 'E05.393.285.830'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sudden hearing loss following non-petrous craniotomy.
|
We present two patients with known otosclerosis undergoing craniotomy for conditions unrelated to the temporal bone who experienced sudden sensorineural hearing loss. In both patients, the hearing loss was noted immediately post-operatively and there was no subsequent recovery. Sudden hearing loss is a rare complication of non-otologic, non-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. To our knowledge it has not been described in patients with otosclerosis undergoing craniotomy. This is a rare event that may occur in patients with vulnerable ears, such as those with otosclerosis or pre-existing sensorineural hearing loss.
|
['Anesthetics', 'Causality', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Craniotomy', 'Ear Ossicles', 'Ear, Inner', 'Ear, Middle', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Iatrogenic Disease', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Otosclerosis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Time', 'Vibration']
| 19,889,544
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['E04.580.450.220', 'E04.650.220'], ['E04.525.190'], ['A09.246.397.247'], ['A09.246.300'], ['A09.246.397'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.875'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.525'], ['C09.218.768'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E07.858.700'], ['G01.910'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Brain transcriptome of the violet-eared waxbill Uraeginthus granatina and recent evolution in the songbird genome.
|
Songbirds are important models for the study of social behaviour and communication. To complement the recent genome sequencing of the domesticated zebra finch, we sequenced the brain transcriptome of a closely related songbird species, the violet-eared waxbill (Uraeginthus granatina). Both the zebra finch and violet-eared waxbill are members of the family Estrildidae, but differ markedly in their social behaviour. Using Roche 454 RNA sequencing, we generated an assembly and annotation of 11 084 waxbill orthologues of 17 475 zebra finch genes (64%), with an average transcript length of 1555 bp. We also identified 5985 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of potential utility for future population genomic studies. Comparing the two species, we found evidence for rapid protein evolution (ù) and low polymorphism of the avian Z sex chromosome, consistent with prior studies of more divergent avian species. An intriguing outlier was putative chromosome 4A, which showed a high density of SNPs and low evolutionary rate relative to other chromosomes. Genome-wide ù was identical in zebra finch and violet-eared waxbill lineages, suggesting a similar demographic history with efficient purifying natural selection. Further comparisons of these and other estrildid finches may provide insights into the evolutionary neurogenomics of social behaviour.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome', 'Male', 'Phylogeny', 'Songbirds', 'Transcriptome']
| 24,004,662
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620.750'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bone marrow aspirate combined with low-level laser therapy: a new therapeutic approach to enhance bone healing.
|
This study evaluated the influence of bone marrow aspirate (BMA), low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and their combination on bone healing in surgically created critical-size defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria. 40 rats were divided into four groups: C (control), BMA, LLLT and BMA/LLLT. A 5mmdiameter CSD was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by blood clot only. In Group BMA, the defect was filled with BMA. In groups LLLT and BMA/LLLT, the defect received laser irradiation (InGaAlP laser), was filled with blood clot or BMA respectively, and irradiated again. Animals were euthanized 30 days postoperatively. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Newly formed bone area (NFBA) was calculated as percentage of the total area of the original defect. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) immunohistochemical staining were performed. PCNA-positive, Runx2-positive and OCN-positive cells were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed. Group BMA/LLLT had significantly greater NFBA than groups C, BMA or LLLT. Group BMA presented significantly greater NFBA than control, while group LLLT did not. Group BMA/LLLT presented a significantly higher number of PCNA-positive and OCN-positive cells than any of the other groups. Groups BMA/LLLT and BMA showed a significantly lower number of Runx2-positive cells than groups C or LLLT. The combination of BMA/LLLT yielded significantly greater bone formation in surgically created CSD in rat calvaria when compared to control, or either treatment alone.
|
['Animals', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Rats', 'Skull', 'Wound Healing']
| 23,474,527
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Histone deacetylase 6 and heat shock protein 90 control the functions of Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells.
|
Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are key to immune homeostasis such that their diminished numbers or function can cause autoimmunity and allograft rejection. Foxp3(+) Tregs express multiple histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs) that regulate chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and protein function. Pan-HDAC inhibitors developed for oncologic applications enhance Treg production and Treg suppression function but have limited nononcologic utility given their broad actions and various side effects. We show, using HDAC6-deficient mice and wild-type (WT) mice treated with HDAC6-specific inhibitors, that HDAC6 inhibition promotes Treg suppressive activity in models of inflammation and autoimmunity, including multiple forms of experimental colitis and fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-incompatible cardiac allograft rejection. Many of the beneficial effects of HDAC6 targeting are also achieved by inhibition of the HDAC6-regulated protein heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Hence, selective targeting of a single HDAC isoform, HDAC6, or its downstream target, HSP90, can promote Treg-dependent suppression of autoimmunity and transplant rejection.
|
['Anilides', 'Animals', 'Autoimmunity', 'Blotting, Western', 'Colitis', 'Disease Progression', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Gene Targeting', 'Graft Rejection', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Histone Deacetylase 6', 'Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors', 'Histone Deacetylases', 'Hydroxamic Acids', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Indoles', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Transplantation Tolerance']
| 21,444,725
|
[['D02.065.199', 'D02.092.146.113'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.450.192'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['E05.393.335'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['D08.811.277.087.520.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.360'], ['D08.811.277.087.520'], ['D02.092.570.394', 'D02.241.511.372'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.588.570'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['G12.535.425.955']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[In vitro activity of arbekacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species and gram-negative bacilli].
|
BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and some gram-negative bacilli are very prevalent nosocomial pathogens, commonly causing mixed infections, and are often resistant to multiple drugs. Arbekacin is an aminoglycoside used for the treatment of MRSA infections, but is also active against some gram-negative bacilli. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro activity of arbekacin against recent clinical isolates of staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The strains were isolated from clinical specimens of patients at Severance Hospital in 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute agar dilution method. The following arbekacin breakpoints were used: susceptible, </=4 microg/mL; and resistant, >/=16 microg/mL .RESULTS: All isolates of staphylococci tested were inhibited by </=4 microg/mL of arbekacin, regardless of their methicillin susceptibility. The MIC90s of arbekacin, 1-4 microg/mL, were 8->32-fold and >32-128-fold lower than those of amikacin and gentamicin, respectively. The resistance rates of MRSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and methicillin-susceptible CNS were 0% to arbekacin, 0-54% to amikacin, and 24-79% to gentamicin. The MIC90s of arbekacin for Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii, 1 microg/mL and 16 microg/mL, were 2-4-fold and 8-16-fold lower than those of amikacin and gentamicin, respectively. However, The MIC90s of arbekacin for other species of gram-negative bacilli, 64->128 microg/mL, were similar to those of other aminoglycosides.CONCLUSIONS: Arbekacin may be a useful alternative to glycopeptides for the treatment of monomicrobial methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections, as well as mixed infections with gram-negative bacilli, as most isolates of E. coli, C. freundii and some other gram-negative bacilli were also susceptible to arbekacin.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Dibekacin', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Methicillin Resistance', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 18,094,591
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D09.408.051.476.200'], ['B03.440'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.099.225.500.600.525', 'G06.225.347.500.600.525', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.525'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of azithromycin on ozone-induced airway neutrophilia and cytokine release.
|
Exposure of humans to ozone causes increased neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in airway lining fluid. Recent research shows that macrolide antibiotics may reduce interleukin (IL)-8 production by bronchial epithelial cells and inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis. A double-blind, cross-over study was performed in which 12 healthy subjects underwent two separate 4-h exposures to 0.2 parts per million ozone while exercising intermittently. In the 73.5 h before exposure, subjects were pretreated with either 1,250 mg azithromycin or placebo. Sputum induction conducted 74 h pre- and 18 h post-exposure was used to measure total cells, per cent neutrophils, IL-6, and IL-8. There were significant (p<0.05) pre- to post-exposure increases in total cells, neutrophils, IL-6 and IL-8 in both the azithromycin and placebo arms. However, no significant differences were found between azithromycin and placebo conditions in the post- minus pre-exposure value for these variables. The results suggest that in healthy subjects, in the design used, azithromycin, in usual clinical doses, does not have anti-inflammatory effects on human airways as indicated in the measured variables.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Azithromycin', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Ozone', 'Peroxidase', 'Spirometry', 'Sputum']
| 10,853,849
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.050'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['A12.200.808']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnostic markers of acute infections in infants aged 1 week to 3 months: a retrospective cohort study.
|
OBJECTIVE: History and physical examination do not reliably exclude serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in infants. We examined potential markers of SBI in young febrile infants.DESIGN: We reviewed white cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) and C reactive protein (CRP) in infants aged 1 week to 90 days, admitted for fever to one medical centre during 2012-2014.RESULTS: SBI was detected in 111 (10.6%) of 1039 infants. Median values of all investigated diagnostic markers were significantly higher in infants with than without SBI: WBC (14.4 vs 11.4 K/µL, P<0.001), ANC (5.8 vs 3.7 K/µL, P<0.001), CRP (19 vs 5 mg/L, P <0.001) and NLR (1.2 vs 0.7, P<0.001). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for discriminating SBI were: 0.65 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.71), 0.69 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.74), 0.71 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.76) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.71) for WBC, ANC, CRP and NLR, respectively. Logistic regression showed the best discriminative ability for the combination of CRP and ANC, with AUC: 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.78). For invasive bacterial infection, AUCs were 0.70 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.85), 0.80 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.92), 0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.89) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.90), respectively. CRP combined with NLR or ANC were the best discriminators of infection, AUCs: 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.95) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.95), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Among young febrile infants, CRP was the best single discriminatory marker of SBI, and ANC was the best for invasive bacterial infection. ANC and NLR can contribute to evaluating this population.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Area Under Curve', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Israel', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 29,371,270
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relative impact of amyloid-â, lacunes, and downstream imaging markers on cognitive trajectories.
|
SEE COHEN DOI101093/AWW183 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: Amyloid-â and cerebral small vessel disease are the two major causes of cognitive impairment in the elderly. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for precisely how amyloid-â and cerebral small vessel disease affect cognitive impairment remain unclear. We investigated the effects of amyloid-â and lacunes on downstream imaging markers including structural network and cortical thickness, further analysing their relative impact on cognitive trajectories. We prospectively recruited a pool of 117 mild cognitive impairment patients (45 amnestic type and 72 subcortical vascular type), from which 83 patients received annual follow-up with neuropsychological tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging for 3 years, and 87 patients received a second Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography analysis. Structural networks based on diffusion tensor imaging and cortical thickness were analysed. We used linear mixed effect regression models to evaluate the effects of imaging markers on cognitive decline. Time-varying Pittsburgh compound B uptake was associated with temporoparietal thinning, which correlated with memory decline (verbal memory test, unstandardized â = -0.79, P < 0.001; visual memory test, unstandardized â = -2.84, P = 0.009). Time-varying lacune number was associated with the degree of frontoparietal network disruption or thinning, which further affected frontal-executive function decline (Digit span backward test, unstandardized â = -0.05, P = 0.002; Stroop colour test, unstandardized â = -0.94, P = 0.008). Of the multiple imaging markers analysed, Pittsburgh compound B uptake and the number of lacunes had the greatest association with memory decline and frontal-executive function decline, respectively: Time-varying Pittsburgh compound B uptake (standardized â = -0.25, P = 0.010) showed the strongest effect on visual memory test, followed by time-varying temporoparietal thickness (standardized â = 0.21, P = 0.010) and time-varying nodal efficiency (standardized â = 0.17, P = 0.024). Time-varying lacune number (standardized â = -0.25, P = 0.014) showed the strongest effect on time-varying digit span backward test followed by time-varying nodal efficiency (standardized â = 0.17, P = 0.021). Finally, time-varying lacune number (â = -0.22, P = 0.034) showed the strongest effect on time-varying Stroop colour test followed by time-varying frontal thickness (standardized â = 0.19, P = 0.026). Our multimodal imaging analyses suggest that cognitive trajectories related to amyloid-â and lacunes have distinct paths, and that amyloid-â or lacunes have greatest impact on cognitive decline. Our results provide rationale for the targeting of amyloid-â and lacunes in therapeutic strategies aimed at ameliorating cognitive decline.
|
['Aged', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Aniline Compounds', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Stroke, Lacunar', 'Thiazoles']
| 27,329,772
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['D02.092.146'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.275', 'C14.907.253.329'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['C10.228.140.300.275.800', 'C10.228.140.300.775.400.750.500', 'C14.907.253.329.800', 'C14.907.253.855.400.750.500', 'C23.550.513.355.250.600', 'C23.550.717.489.250.600'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A slow-light laser radar system with two-dimensional scanning.
|
We propose a multi-aperture slow-light laser radar with two-dimensional scanning. We demonstrate experimentally that we can use two independent slow-light mechanisms, namely dispersive delay and stimulated Brillouin scattering, to dynamically compensate the group delay mismatch among different apertures, while we use optical phase locking to control the relative phases of the optical signals emitted from different apertures, as the system steers the beam in two dimensions.
|
['Lasers', 'Light', 'Radar']
| 22,297,342
|
[['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['L01.178.847.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of SCH 39166, a novel dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, on [3H]acetylcholine release in rat striatal slices.
|
SCH 39166 is a novel and selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. It has been reported to have potential antipsychotic properties and reduced extrapyramidal side-effect liabilities (EPS). The current studies investigated the pharmacological effects of SCH 39166 on striatal cholinergic function in order to further characterize its dopamine D1 receptor selectivity and to address its EPS liability. Electrically stimulated [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release from rat striatal slices was measured and comparisons were made between SCH 39166, SCH 23390, (-)-sulpiride, haloperidol or apomorphine on their effect on [3H]ACh release. Results indicated that apomorphine inhibited [3H]ACh release from striatal slices (IC50 = 0.31 microM). (-)-Sulpiride and haloperidol completely reversed the inhibition of [3H]ACh release seen with apomorphine. In contrast, SCH 39166, as well as, SCH 23390 did not reverse the inhibition of [3H]ACh release induced by apomorphine. These findings indicate that dopamine D2 receptors are primarily involved in modulation of [3H]ACh release. Furthermore, selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonists, such as SCH 39166, are ineffective in modulating striatal [3H]ACh release, suggesting that striatal cholinergic hyperactivity and possibly EPS will not be a consequence of dopamine D1 receptor blockade.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Apomorphine', 'Benzazepines', 'Choline', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine Antagonists', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Haloperidol', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Sulpiride']
| 1,535,318
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.038.290', 'D03.633.100.531.085.030.290', 'D03.633.400.095.290'], ['D03.633.100.079'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['D02.065.277.866', 'D02.241.223.100.100.866', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.866']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid decline of OspC borreliacidal antibodies following treatment of patients with early Lyme disease.
|
We determined whether the levels of OspC borreliacidal antibodies declined following treatment of early Lyme disease and whether the OspC7 peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could be used as an alternative test for detecting the response. Serum samples were collected from 37 subjects at the onset of illness and 2 and 6 months after treatment with doxycycline. The ELISA detected IgM and IgG OspC7 antibodies within 2 months in 18 (49%) and 5 (14%) sera, respectively. Moreover, the sera from 12 subjects who tested positive by the ELISA also showed borreliacidal activity which was completely abrogated when the antibodies to OspC7 were removed. The borreliacidal activity decreased greater than 4-fold in each seropositive patient within 6 months after treatment, and the findings were accurately predicted by the IgM ELISA. The results confirmed that the ELISA was an effective alternative for detection of OspC borreliacidal antibodies produced during early Lyme disease in humans and also provided strong evidence that a significant decline in the response coincides with successful treatment of the illness.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Blood Bactericidal Activity', 'Doxycycline', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Lyme Disease', 'Oligopeptides', 'Time Factors']
| 21,508,161
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['G09.188.100', 'G12.450.564.204'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['C01.150.252.400.536', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250', 'C01.920.930.513'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cancer of the male genital tract in Circumpolar Inuit.
|
In an international collaboration project we combined cancers of the male genital tract among Inuit identified from routine cancer registry systems in the Circumpolar region (Alaska, Canada and Greenland) and compared incidence rates with rates in Denmark, Connecticut (USA) and Canadian non-Inuit. We observed a low risk of prostate cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 0.2-0.3) and the incidence rate of 7.8 per 100 000 (world standard) is among the lowest in the world. Dietary and not diagnostic factors are likely explanations of this finding. Testicular cancer also occurred with low rates (SIR 0.3-0.7) although only significantly so when compared with Denmark and Connecticut (USA) which have some of the world's highest incidence rates of this cancer. Penile cancer occurred with relatively high risk (SIR 1.8-3.0) based on rates among non-Inuit. The incidence is, however, lower than anticipated considering the possibility for shared risk factors with cancer of the uterine cervix.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Alaska', 'Arctic Regions', 'Canada', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Genital Neoplasms, Male', 'Greenland', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Inuits', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Penile Neoplasms', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Registries', 'Testicular Neoplasms']
| 8,813,066
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.100'], ['Z01.208'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C04.588.945.440', 'C12.294.260', 'C12.758.409'], ['Z01.107.567.403', 'Z01.542.816.124.500', 'Z01.639.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.686.508.150.600.375.500', 'M01.686.508.150.675', 'M01.686.754.254.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.440.715', 'C12.294.260.500', 'C12.294.494.591', 'C12.758.409.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Reactivity of 6-halopurine analogs with glutathione as a radiotracer for assessing function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1.
|
6-Bromo-7-[(11)C]methylpurine is reported to react with glutathione via glutathione S-transferases in the brain and to be converted into a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an efflux pump. The compound with a rapid conversion rate allows quantitative assessment of MRP1 function, but this rate is probably susceptible to interspecies differences. Hence, for application to different species, including humans, it is necessary to adjust the conversion rate by modifying the chemical structure. We therefore designed 6-halo-9-(or 7)-[(14)C]methylpurine (halogen: F, Cl, Br, or I), and evaluated them in vitro with respect to enzymatic reactivity with glutathione using brain homogenates from the mouse, rat, or monkey. There was a marked difference in reactivity between these species. Changes in the position of the methyl group and halogen on N-methyl-6-halopurine provided various compounds possessing wide-ranging reactivity with glutathione. In conclusion, the adjustment of reactivity of 6-bromo-7-[(11)C]methylpurine may allow assessment of MRP1 function in the brain in various species.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Drug Design', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Isomerism', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Protein Binding', 'Purines', 'Radioactive Tracers', 'Rats']
| 19,921,956
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['D01.496.749.731'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diabetes due to a progressive defect in beta-cell mass in rats transgenic for human islet amyloid polypeptide (HIP Rat): a new model for type 2 diabetes.
|
The islet in type 2 diabetes is characterized by a deficit in beta-cell mass, increased beta-cell apoptosis, and impaired insulin secretion. Also, islets in type 2 diabetes often contain deposits of islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a 37-amino acid protein cosecreted with insulin by beta-cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that proteins with a capacity to develop amyloid fibrils may also form small toxic oligomers that can initiate apoptosis. The amino acid sequence of IAPP in rats and mice is identical and differs from that in humans by substitution of proline residues in the amyloidogenic sequence so that the protein no longer forms amyloid fibrils or is cytotoxic. In the present study, we report a novel rat model for type 2 diabetes: rats transgenic for human IAPP (the HIP rat). HIP rats develop diabetes between 5 and 10 months of age, characterized by an approximately 60% deficit in beta-cell mass that is due to an increased frequency of beta-cell apoptosis. HIP rats develop islet amyloid, but the extent of amyloid was not related to the frequency of beta-cell apoptosis (r = 0.10, P = 0.65), whereas the fasting blood glucose was (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). The frequency of beta-cell apoptosis was related to the frequency of beta-cell replication (r = 0.97, P < 0.001) in support of the hypothesis that replicating cells are more vulnerable to apoptosis than nondividing cells. The HIP rat provides additional evidence in support of the potential role of IAPP oligomer formation toward the increased frequency of apoptosis in type 2 diabetes, a process that appears to be compounded by glucose toxicity when hyperglycemia supervenes.
|
['Aging', 'Amyloid', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Apoptosis', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Cell Division', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Islet Amyloid Polypeptide', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rats']
| 15,161,755
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D06.472.699.587.334', 'D12.644.548.586.234', 'D12.776.049.407.500'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evolution of ruminant Sarcocystis (Sporozoa) parasites based on small subunit rDNA sequences.
|
We present an evolutionary analysis of 13 species of Sarcocystis, including 4 newly sequenced species with ruminants as their intermediate host, based on complete small subunit rDNA sequences. Those species with ruminants as their intermediate host form a well-supported clade, and there are at least two major clades within this group, one containing those species forming microcysts and with dogs as their definitive host and the other containing those species forming macrocysts and with cats as their definitive host. Those species with nonruminants as their intermediate host form the paraphyletic sister group to these clades. Most of the species have considerable genotypic differences (differing in more than 100 nucleotide positions), except for S. buffalonis and S. hirsuta. There is a large suite of genotypic differences indicating that those species infecting ruminant and nonruminant hosts have had very different evolutionary histories, and similarly for the felid- and canid-infecting species. Furthermore, the rDNA sequences that represent the different structural regions of the rRNA molecule have very different genotypic behavior within Sarcocystis. The evolution of these regions should be functionally constrained, and their differences can be explained in terms of the importance of the nucleotide sequences to their functions.
|
['Animals', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Variation', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Sarcocystis', 'Species Specificity', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 10,082,608
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.750'], ['G16.824'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rh(I)-catalyzed ring opening of an IMDAF-derived oxabicyclo cycloadduct as the key step in the synthesis of (+/-)-epi-zephyranthine.
|
[reaction: see text] A new strategy for epi-zephyranthine has been developed that is based in part on an extraordinarily facile intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a 2-imido-substituted furan. By using a Rh(I)-catalyzed ring opening of the resulting oxabicyclic adduct, the cis-diol stereochemistry of epi-zephyranthine was established.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Catalysis', 'Furans', 'Indoles', 'Phenanthridines', 'Rhodium', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 15,200,317
|
[['D03.132'], ['D03.132.052'], ['D03.605.084'], ['G02.130'], ['D03.383.312'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D03.633.300.633'], ['D01.268.556.793', 'D01.268.956.781', 'D01.552.544.793'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stabilization of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor RNA in a human eosinophil-like cell line requires the AUUUA motifs.
|
Human eosinophils activated by calcium ionophore produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In T lymphocytes GM-CSF messenger RNA (mRNA) stability is regulated by 3' untranslated region (UTR) adenosine-uridine-rich elements (AREs). We show endogenous GM-CSF mRNA is rapidly induced in an eosinophil cell-line (AML14.3D10) after activation with ionomycin. To calculate the decay rate of GM-CSF mRNA in activated cells, eosinophils were transfected with wild-type, full-length GM-CSF mRNA or a mutant version lacking the AUUUA motifs. In unstimulated cells, wild-type GM-CSF mRNA decayed with a half-life time (t1/2) of 6+/-2 min while the mutant decayed with a t1/2 of 20+/-4 min, demonstrating the dominant, destabilizing effect of multiple AUUUA motifs. Within 1 hr of activation by ionomycin, the half-life of transfected wild-type mRNA increased by 2.5-fold, which increased up to 4-fold after 2 hr of activation. The half-life of the mutant GM-CSF was unaffected by ionomycin, demonstrating that ionophore-mediated stabilization requires intact AUUUA motifs. Actinomycin D (ActD) stabilized wild-type GM-CSF mRNA as well, causing poly(A) tail elongation and translation inhibition. These data show that in eosinophil-like cell lines, GM-CSF mRNA is exquisitely unstable but can be markedly stabilized by calcium ionophore. Both effects require intact 3' UTR AREs.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'Dactinomycin', 'Eosinophils', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 9,824,539
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pre- and post-operative management of dental implant placement. Part 1: management of post-operative pain.
|
Although dental implant placements have high success rates and a low incidence of morbidity, post-operative pain and complications with the healing process have been reported. There is little guidance available regarding optimal pre- and post-operative management of dental implant placement. This first paper discusses the mechanisms of pain associated with dental implant placement and offers guidance to clinicians on optimal pre- and post-operative pain management regimes. The second paper aims to discuss pre- and post-operative means of reducing the risk of early healing complications.
|
['Analgesics', 'Dental Implants', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pain, Postoperative']
| 25,104,691
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebral CT findings in male opioid-dependent patients: stereological, planimetric and linear measurements.
|
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space enlargement has been demonstrated in substance-related disorders like alcohol and cocaine dependence. Experimental animal studies showed a reduction in shape and size of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons after chronic morphine administration. Other studies indicated a change of neurofilament and glial fibrillary acid proteins after chronic opiate administration. Furthermore, frequent overdosing and toxicological effects of 'street'-heroin may lead to CSF space enlargement in opioid dependence. In our study the pericortical and ventricular CSF space of 21 male opioid-dependent patients was compared with an age- and sex-matched normal control group. Considering serious problems with ratio and proportion measures, we used a battery of linear (cella media index, Huckman number, frontal horn index), planimetric (cortical atrophy score) and stereological volumetric measures in order to detect differences in cranial computerized tomography scans. We found a significant ventricular and cortical volume loss of the brain in opioid-dependent patients. A higher degree of frontal lobe volume loss seemed to be associated with a shorter period of abstinence before relapse. However, the etiology of volume loss of the brain in opioid-dependent patients is still unclear, but experimental animal studies provide some evidence that long-term, chronic opiate exposure is associated with visible changes of specific structures in the brain.
|
['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,849,723
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['C25.775.643.500', 'F03.900.647.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.