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Case-control inference of interaction between genetic and nongenetic risk factors under assumptions on their distribution.
|
In genetic association studies, there is increasing interest in understanding the joint effects of genetic and nongenetic factors. For rare diseases, the case-control study is a practical design, and logistic regression is the standard method of inference. However, the power to detect statistical interaction is a concern, even with relatively large samples. Under independence of genetic and nongenetic covariates, improved precision of interaction estimators is possible, but logistic regression does not make use of this assumption and consequently is not statistically efficient. In recent work to improve efficiency, profile likelihood methods have been used to develop semi-parametric inference that incorporates the independence assumption. We describe an alternate derivation of these estimators for rare diseases that is based on classic arguments from case-control inference. These arguments lead to a simplification in the variance estimator. We also describe a strategy for relaxing the independence assumption. Under either independence or the proposed dependence model, inference for association parameters is conveniently obtained by fitting a conditional logistic regression. The statistical properties of the proposed methodology are investigated by simulation.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Computer Simulation', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Genetic', 'Rare Diseases', 'Risk Factors']
| 17,474,879
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Calcium binding by chick calretinin and rat calbindin D28k synthesised in bacteria.
|
Calretinin is a member of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family, with a high similarity with calbindin D28k. The chick calretinin cDNA sequence was reconstructed in a M13 vector and transferred into an expression plasmid derived from the pET series. The calretinin gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and produced immunoreactive calretinin of the expected size. Bacterially expressed calretinin was purified with successive ammonium-sulfate precipitation, DEAE chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, Sephadex G-75 chromatography and Mono-Q chromatography. Normally, 1.0-1.5 mg calretinin was obtained from 1 l bacterial culture with a protein recovery of 0.5-1.5%. Calbindin D28k was purified similarly from bacteria using an expression plasmid provided by W. Hunziker. Calcium-binding activity of purified proteins was measured by equilibrium dialysis in calcium/EGTA mixtures with 45Ca as tracer. Both calretinin and calbindin D28k bound 3-4 Ca2+/molecule (calretinin, 4.0 +/- 0.5; calbindin D28k, 3.5 +/- 0.4), implying that at least one of the canonical EF-hand domains does not bind calcium. The Kd was 0.3-0.5 microM with little difference between the values for the two proteins.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Calbindin 1', 'Calbindin 2', 'Calbindins', 'Calcium', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Chickens', 'Chromatography', 'Culture Media', 'DNA', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'Rats', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein G']
| 8,344,307
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.157.125.090.124', 'D12.776.631.087'], ['D12.776.157.125.090.249'], ['D12.776.157.125.090'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.196.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.181'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.157.125.090.500', 'D12.776.157.125.750.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of epitopes in glycosaminoglycans immobilized on hydrophobic membranes.
|
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear carbohydrate polymers expressed on all cell surfaces, and bind growth factors that recognize specific disaccharide sequences. Such sequences in the GAG chain are not genetically determined but may be assembled by the cell in response to environmental changes. GAGs are strongly hydrophilic and negatively charged molecules that do not bind well to either polystyrene surfaces or to hydrophobic blotting membranes. Cationic detergents were used to derivatize hydrophobic membranes to become hydrophilic and positively charged. Binding of GAGs to derivatized membranes was optimized regarding pH and ionic strength. Five different monoclonal antibodies (Mab) were used to detect sequence epitopes in immobilized GAGs. Parallel samples were stained with Alcian Blue and the staining intensities were quantitated by scanning and densitometry. By calculating the ratio between the antibody staining (epitope) and Alcian Blue staining (mass), the epitope density, i.e. the number of repetitive epitopes per mass, is obtained. The epitope density with each antibody was different with different GAGs. Some epitopes were common in GAG, i.e. highly repetitive epitopes. Some epitopes were rare and possibly expressed only once per GAG molecule, i.e. low degree of repetition. An epitope density profile was obtained when each sample was stained with all antibodies and their epitope densities calculated at the plateau level. The epitope profile is an indirect measure of the sequence variability in GAGs. Determination of epitope density and profile can be used to characterize a GAG population and to discriminate between different populations with similar chemical composition.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cattle', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Dermatan Sulfate', 'Detergents', 'Epitopes', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Swine']
| 11,317,939
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['D09.698.373.200.380'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D09.698.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Asthma, employment status, and disability among adults treated by pulmonary and allergy specialists.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Identify risk factors for work disability among adults with asthma treated by pulmonary and allergy specialists.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, including retrospective work history data.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight pulmonary and 16 allergy internal medicine subspecialists maintaining a registry of patient visits for asthma; 698 registered patients aged 18 to 50 years, of whom 601 (86%) were studied.MEASURES: Computer-assisted, telephone-administered structured interview assessing asthma severity, perceived general health status, asthma quality of life, demographics, and work history. Complete work disability defined as total work cessation attributed to asthma; partial work disability defined as change in job, duties, or reduction in work hours attributed to asthma.RESULTS: Complete cessation of work due to asthma was reported by 40 (7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5 to 9%) and partial work disability by 53 (10%; 95% CI, 7 to 12%) of 550 subjects with a history of labor force participation. Severity of asthma score predicted both complete disability (odds ratio [OR], 7.9; 95% CI, 4.2 to 15 per 10-point increment) and partial disability (OR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.2). Taking illness severity into account, job conditions, occupation, and work exertion carried a combined disability OR of 3.9 (95% CI, 1.7 to 8.6).CONCLUSIONS: Work disability is common among adults with asthma receiving specialist care. Severity of disease is a powerful predictor, but not the sole predictor of disability in this group. Working conditions, including job-related exposures, are associated with added disability risk even after taking illness severity into account.
|
['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Health', 'Pulmonary Medicine', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 8,617,077
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.400'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.400.525'], ['H02.403.429.675'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Direct fluorometric detection of paramagnetic and heavy metal ions at sub-amol level using an aromatic polyaminocarboxylate by CZE: Combination of pre- and on-capillary complexation technique.
|
The low sensitivity of simple CZE for detecting metal ions is a long-standing problem even when an LIF detection system is employed. We have successfully achieved an ultrasensitive CE-LIF using a simple CZE mode (typical detection limit: 10(-11)-10(-10) mol/dm(3)). Both the design of a newly synthesized ligand and the combination of a precapillary derivatizing technique with an on-capillary ternary complexing technique have enabled us to achieve this extremely low LOD and high resolution of large metal complexes. The direct fluorescent detection of the paramagnetic metal ions was achieved for the first time despite their intrinsic fluorescent quenching nature. The fluorescent ligand (L) consists of a polyaminocarboxylate chelating moiety, a strongly emissive fluorescein moiety and a spacer connecting the two portions. The migration behavior of various metal-L complexes was investigated. The resolution among the complexes was improved by the introduction of a ternary complex equilibrium of the kinetically stable mother complexes with OH(-) ion. The analytical potential of our simple system was examined, and it was proved that the system was one of the most sensitive methods without the need for any preconcentration process.
|
['Calcium', 'Edetic Acid', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Environment', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorometry', 'Ions', 'Ligands', 'Magnetics', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 17,577,884
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['H01.671.493'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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An acyl-coenzyme A carboxylase encoding gene associated with jadomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230.
|
Analysis of a region of chromosomal DNA lying between jadR1 and jadI in the gene cluster for jadomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 detected an ORF encoding 584 amino acids similar in sequence to the biotin carboxylase (BC) and biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) components of acyl-coenzyme A carboxylases. Multiple sequence alignments of the deduced Jad protein with acyl-coenzyme A carboxylases from various sources located the BC and BCCP components in the N- and C-terminal regions, respectively, of the deduced polypeptides. The organization and amino acid sequence of the deduced polypeptide most closely resembled those in other Gram-positive bacteria broadly classified as actinomycetes. Disrupting the gene, designated jadJ, severely reduced but did not eliminate jadomycin production. The disruption had no effect on growth or morphology of the organism, implying that the product of jadJ is not essential for fatty acid biosynthesis. It is concluded that jadJ supplies malonyl-coenzyme A for biosynthesis of the polyketide intermediate that is eventually processed to form the antibiotic jadomycin B.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Carbon-Carbon Ligases', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Isoquinolines', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Streptomyces']
| 10,784,049
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.464.257'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quality of life of patients on treatment for latent tuberculosis infection: a mixed-method study in Stockholm, Sweden.
|
BACKGROUND: Unlike active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is asymptomatic and often considered not to affect the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. However, being diagnosed with and treated for LTBI can be associated with adverse clinical evens such side effects of treatment as well as psychosocial challenges. Therefore, the aims of this study were to qualitatively explore patients' experiences during diagnosis and treatment of LTBI in Stockholm measure their HRQoL, and contrast and merge the results to better understand how the HRQoL of these patients is affected.METHODS: LTBI patients who were treated in Stockholm during September 2017 and June 2018and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to fill a survey that included a HRQoL instrument, EQ-5D-3 L, and a mental health screening instrument, RHS-15. After filling the survey, a subset of these patients was asked to participate in an interview with open-ended questions that focused on their experiences during the diagnosis and treatment.RESULTS: In total 108 participants filled that survey and interviews were conducted with 20 patients. Patients scored relatively high on EQ-5D: the scores of utility and VAS scale are similar to those reported by the general population of Stockholm. Very few patients reported problems on the physical health domains of EQ-5D which was supported by the quantitative data that showed no effect on physical health and usual activity. Thirty-eight percent screened positive for RHS-15 and 27.8% reported problems with anxiety/depression domain of EQ-5D which could be related to many stressing factors mentioned in the interviews such as: fear and distress related to lack of clarity about LTBI diagnosis, perceived risk of infecting others and uncertainties about the future.CONCLUSION: The quantified HRQoL of LTBI patients in Stockholm is similar to the general population and there is thus no HRQoL decrements that is detectable with EQ-5D. However, the study reinforces the importance of tackling anxiety and fear and ensuring good health information for persons diagnosed with and treated for LTBI.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Latent Tuberculosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Life', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden']
| 31,651,339
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.122', 'C01.550.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Attenuated ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in assisted breath-hold drivers (Funado).
|
The steady-state ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 7 assisted breath-hold divers (Funado) were compared with those in 7 normal sedentary controls. Ventilatory response to hypercapnia was measured from the slope of the hyperoxic VN-PETCO2 line, where VN was normalized minute ventilation using the allometric coefficient and PETCO2 end-Tidal PCO2. The slope of this line in the Funado (1.48 +/- 0.54 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) was significantly less than in the control (2.70 +/- 1.08 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) (p less than 0.025). On the other hand, hypoxic sensitivity estimated by hyperbolic and exponential mathematical equations was not found to be significantly different between the two groups, although estimated increments in ventilation using the hyperbolic equation exhibited significantly lower response in the Funado than in the control only when PETO2 decreased lower than 50 Torr (p less than 0.05). These findings in the Funado were different from our previous observations obtained in unassisted breath-hold divers (Kachido), in whom no obvious attenuations in CO2 sensitivity were seen. This difference was assumed to be derived from more hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions produced in the Funado than in the Kachido during diving activities.
|
['Adult', 'Diving', 'Humans', 'Hypercapnia', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiration']
| 7,131,933
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I03.450.642.845.945.500.110', 'N06.230.150.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.544'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['H01.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.772.705']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Polyoxometalates--potent and selective ecto-nucleotidase inhibitors.
|
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are inorganic cluster metal complexes that possess versatile biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antiviral effects. Their mechanisms of action at the molecular level are largely unknown. However, it has been suggested that the inhibition of several enzyme families (e.g., phosphatases, protein kinases or ecto-nucleotidases) by POMs may contribute to their pharmacological properties. Ecto-nucleotidases are cell membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides thereby regulating purinergic (and pyrimidinergic) signaling. They comprise four distinct families: ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs), alkaline phosphatases (APs) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN). In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory potency of a series of polyoxometalates as well as chalcogenide hexarhenium cluster complexes at a broad range of ecto-nucleotidases. [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2](10-) (5, PSB-POM142) was discovered to be the most potent inhibitor of human NTPDase1 described so far (Ki: 3.88 nM). Other investigated POMs selectively inhibited human NPP1, [TiW11CoO40](8-) (4, PSB-POM141, Ki: 1.46 nM) and [NaSb9W21O86](18-) (6, PSB-POM143, Ki: 4.98 nM) representing the most potent and selective human NPP1 inhibitors described to date. [NaP5W30O110](14-) (8, PSB-POM144) strongly inhibited NTPDase1-3 and NPP1 and may therefore be used as a pan-inhibitor to block ATP hydrolysis. The polyoxoanionic compounds displayed a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition of NPPs and eN, but appeared to be competitive inhibitors of TNAP. Future in vivo studies with selected inhibitors identified in the current study are warranted.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Insecta', 'Mice', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Sf9 Cells', 'Tungsten Compounds']
| 25,449,596
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.640'], ['A11.251.210.891'], ['D01.940']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The challenges of providing rehabilitation for patients undergoing sacrectomy: two case reports.
|
BACKGROUND: Sacral neoplasms often present as large masses that often require sacrectomy. Multiple sacral nerve roots may be compromised post-sacrectomy and postoperative complications may result in impaired mobility, pain, orthostasis, and neurogenic bowel and bladder.CASE SERIES: Case 1, 58 year-old female with a sacral solitary fibrous tumor underwent a high-level sacrectomy and bilateral gluteal muscle flaps. Her rehabilitation course included management of pain, orthostasis, and neurogenic bowel and bladder. Case 2, 67 year-old male with sacral chordoma underwent high-level sacrectomy and bilateral gluteal muscle flaps. His rehabilitation course was complicated by refractory orthostatic hypotension, pain, and wound impairment, which resulted in slow rehabilitation progression and bowel and bladder training. Progression of activity in both cases was limited by surgical restrictions to support wound healing.CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Multidisciplinary efforts after a sacrectomy are vital to successful rehabilitation. Highly functional outcomes are seen, including independent bowel and bladder management and return to preoperative ambulatory status.
|
['Aged', 'Chordoma', 'Female', 'Fibroma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sacrum', 'Spinal Neoplasms']
| 29,898,586
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.465.220'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A02.835.232.834.717'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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A suppressor analysis of residues involved in cation transport in the lactose permease: identification of a coupling sensor.
|
Four amino acids critical for lactose permease function were altered using site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting Quad mutant (E269Q/R302L/H322Q/E325Q) was expressed at 60% of wild-type levels but found to have negligible transport activity. The Quad mutant was used as a parental strain to isolate suppressors that regained the ability to ferment the alpha-galactoside melibiose. Six different suppressors were identified involving five discrete amino acid changes and one amino acid deletion (Q60L, V229G, Y236D, S306L, K319N and DeltaI298). All of the suppressors transported alpha-galactosides at substantial rates. In addition, the Q60L, DeltaI298 and K319N suppressors regained a small but detectable amount of lactose transport. Assays of sugar-driven cation transport showed that both the Q60L and K319N suppressors couple the influx of melibiose with cations (H(+) or H(3)O(+)). Taken together, the data show that the cation-binding domain in the lactose permease is not a fixed structure as proposed in previous models. Rather, the data are consistent with a model in which several ionizable residues form a dynamic coupling sensor that also may interact directly with the cation and lactose.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Biological Transport', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cations', 'Escherichia coli', 'Kinetics', 'Lactose', 'Melibiose', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Thiogalactosides']
| 16,988,863
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['G03.143'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D09.698.629.305.340', 'D09.947.750.340'], ['D09.698.629.305.540', 'D09.947.750.540'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D02.886.740.600', 'D09.408.320.820', 'D09.408.903.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phase II study of preoperative oxaliplatin, capecitabine and external beam radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: the RadiOxCape study.
|
BACKGROUND: Preoperative radiotherapy has been shown to decrease the local recurrence rate of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin are both active anticancer agents in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and have radiosensitizing properties. Therefore, these drugs would be expected to improve effectiveness of preoperative radiotherapy in terms of local control and prevention of distant metastases.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients with rectal cancer (T3-T4 and/or N+) received radiotherapy (1.8 Gy, 5 days a week over 5 weeks, total dose 45 Gy, 3D conformational technique) in combination with intravenous oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2 once weekly for 5 weeks and oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily on each day of radiation. Surgery was performed 6-8 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. The main end points were safety and efficacy as assessed by the pathological complete response (pCR).RESULTS: The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse event was diarrhea, occurring in 30% of patients. pCR was found in five (14%) patients. According to Dworak's classification, good regression was found in six (18%) additional patients.CONCLUSIONS: Combination of preoperative radiotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin is feasible for downstaging rectal cancer.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Capecitabine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Maximum Tolerated Dose', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Preoperative Care', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,219,623
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.425', 'D03.383.742.698.875.404.425', 'D13.570.230.329.313', 'D13.570.685.245.500.425'], ['E02.186'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E05.940.481', 'G07.690.936.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Secondary anionic phospholipid binding site and gating mechanism in Kir2.1 inward rectifier channels.
|
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels regulate multiple tissues. All Kir channels require interaction of phosphatidyl-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at a crystallographically identified binding site, but an additional nonspecific secondary anionic phospholipid (PL(-)) is required to generate high PIP2 sensitivity of Kir2 channel gating. The PL(-)-binding site and mechanism are yet to be elucidated. Here we report docking simulations that identify a putative PL(-)-binding site, adjacent to the PIP2-binding site, generated by two lysine residues from neighbouring subunits. When either lysine is mutated to cysteine (K64C and K219C), channel activity is significantly decreased in cells and in reconstituted liposomes. Directly tethering K64C to the membrane by modification with decyl-MTS generates high PIP2 sensitivity in liposomes, even in the complete absence of PL(-)s. The results provide a coherent molecular mechanism whereby PL(-) interaction with a discrete binding site results in a conformational change that stabilizes the high-affinity PIP2 activatory site.
|
['Anions', 'Humans', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Phospholipids', 'Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying']
| 24,270,915
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.450', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.450']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Childhood exposure to sexual abuse and partnership outcomes at age 30.
|
BACKGROUND: In this study, 30-year longitudinal data from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) were used to examine the associations between childhood exposure to sexual abuse and intimate relationship outcomes at age 30. In addition, a broad range of early childhood and family confounding factors were tested, and the role of intervening factors from adolescence was explored.METHOD: The investigation analyzed data from a birth cohort of over 900 New Zealand adults studied to the age of 30. At ages 18 and 21 cohort members reported on any exposure to sexual abuse prior to age 16. This information, along with prospective data gathered in childhood and adolescence, was used to predict partnership outcomes at age 30.RESULTS: After adjustment for early childhood and family factors, exposure to more severe forms of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was associated with earlier and more frequent cohabitation, higher rates of perpetrated interpartner violence (IPV), and early parenthood, lower relationship satisfaction and investment. Several factors from adolescence partially or fully mediated these associations, notably a history of early consensual sexual intercourse, higher number of sexual partnerships, substance abuse problems, and self-esteem. After adjustment for intervening factors, exposure to CSA remained significantly associated with IPV.CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a causal chain process, whereby early childhood and family factors place some individuals at risk for CSA. The extent of CSA exposure is related to adolescent risk taking, which in turn leads to early and more frequent cohabitation, risk of IPV, and lower relationship satisfaction and investment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child Abuse, Sexual', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 19,653,922
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.748.300', 'I01.198.240.856.350.250.255', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250.255'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Immune system activation by CDDP and "poly-plat".
|
Murine peritoneal macrophages, human fibroblasts and human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells were treated with CDDP (10 micrograms/ml) and "poly-plat" (10 micrograms/ml) for 2 h and cultured for 2-96 h. After "poly-plat" treatment macrophages developed cytoplasmic extensions much faster and secreted higher levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), compared to CDDP. "Poly-plat" treated human fibroblasts demonstrated a significant release of IL-2 (138 pg/ml), compared to CDDP (64 pg/ml) or the untreated normal cells (31 pg/ml) after 8 h. Correspondingly there was a 53% increase in cells after "poly-plat" treatment compared to only 37% after CDDP. However, human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells didn't show any significant increase in IL-2 levels after "poly-plat" treatment and there was instead a decrease of 15% in cell numbers at 8 h. Based on our studies, we propose that "poly-plat" is more effective in activation of the macrophages and human fibroblasts in terms of IL-2, but not so with human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cisplatin', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Mice', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Teratocarcinoma']
| 10,953,351
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.691.788'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.557.465.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stereometry of the red pulp on the human spleen. II) The normal spleen.
|
The stereometric measurements obtained in three human normal spleens surgically removed for trauma have been submitted to statistical evaluation. On the basis of the original counts, some stereometric measures of the normal splenic red pulp have been determined, namely per cent volume of sinuses, per cent volume of cords, breadth of the cords, mean sectional area of sinuses and the volume of sinuses:volume of cords ratio. These data can constitute a series of parameters to which compare the measures of the pathologic spleens.
|
['Adult', 'Biometry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Spleen', 'Splenectomy', 'Splenic Rupture']
| 17,955,636
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of the influence of pregnancy and hormonal treatment on mammary carcinogenesis.
|
Since it has been shown that pregnancy protects the mammary gland from chemically induced carcinogenesis, this study was designed with the dual purpose of determining whether treatment of young virgin rats with the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) mimics pregnancy-induced changes in the tumourigenic response of the mammary gland and also whether the effect induced by both pregnancy and hormonal treatments was transitory, or a more permanent one, exerting the same effect when the period of time between delivery or termination of treatment and exposure to the carcinogen is lengthened. Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats were utilised in two experimental protocols. For protocol I, 50 day-old rats were either mated (Group II), or started receiving a daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 IU hCG (Group III) at age 50. Age-matched untreated virgin rats were used as controls (Group I). Twenty-one days after either delivery or termination of treatment all the animals received an intragastric dose of 8 mg DMBA/100 gbw. For the second protocol, 50 day-old virgin rats were also mated (Group V) or were treated with hCG for 21 days (Group VI); the resting period between delivery or termination of treatment was lengthened to 63 days, at which time they received a dose of DMBA. Age-matched controls (Group IV) received DMBA only. Tumourigenesis was evaluated 24 weeks post-carcinogen administration in all the groups. Pregnancy and hCG followed by the 21-day resting period significantly depressed mammary carcinogenesis to 11% and 6% respectively, compared with 63% in control animals. When the resting period was prolonged to 63 days there was also a significant depression in adenocarcinoma incidence to 9% in pregnancy (Group IV) in which it was observed that tumour incidence was also reduced as a consequence of aging at the time of exposure to the carcinogen. These results clearly indicate that hCG is as efficient as pregnancy and significantly reduces mammary carcinogenesis, and that the protective effect of both pregnancy and hCG treatment is long-lasting and both are more efficient than aging in reducing mammary carcinogenesis.
|
['9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Female', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,911,188
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.149.301', 'D04.615.149.301'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.706.018', 'D27.505.954.248.125', 'D27.720.799.018'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-reported eating rate aligns with laboratory measured eating rate but not with free-living meals.
|
Methodological differences may be responsible for variable results from eating rate (ER) studies. It is unknown whether self-reported, lab-measured, and free-living ER's align. This study was the first to explore relationships among self-reported, laboratory-measured and free-living ER's. We investigated this relationship in 60 randomly selected male and female college students who were stratified by self-reported eating rate (SRER) (Slow, Medium, and Fast) from 1110 on-line survey respondents. Test day; subjects ate a prescribed breakfast (?400kcal) at home, recording meal duration (MD); 4h later they individually ate an ad libitum laboratory pasta lunch at their own (natural) pace; remainder of the day they recorded free-living intake and MD. As expected the three self-reported ER categories aligned with lab ER (Fast=83.9±5.5, Medium=63.1±5.2, Slow=53.0±5.4kcals/min). In all ER categories at all meals, men ate faster than women (Men=80.6±30.7kcals/min: Women=52.0±21.6kcals/min). A difference in lab measured ER by SRER F=(2, 58)=7.677, post hoc Tukey analysis found fast differed from medium and slow. The three free-living meal ER's did not align with self-report categories. Findings suggest various methods of measuring ER may yield differing results, at least in this population, but results support the use of SRER as a valid measure.
|
['Adolescent', 'Diet Surveys', 'Eating', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meals', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Self Report', 'Young Adult']
| 23,266,516
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.203.300.590', 'J02.500.590'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two distinct activities contribute to the oncogenic potential of the adenovirus type 5 E4orf6 protein.
|
Previous studies have shown that the adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E4orf6 gene product displays features of a viral oncoprotein. It initiates focal transformation of primary rat cells in cooperation with Ad5 E1 genes and confers multiple additional transformed properties on E1-expressing cells, including profound morphological alterations and dramatically accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. It has been reported that E4orf6 binds to p53 and, in the presence of the Ad5 E1B-55kDa protein, antagonizes p53 stability by targeting the tumor suppressor protein for active degradation. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive mutant analysis to assign transforming functions of E4orf6 to distinct regions within the viral polypeptide and to analyze a possible correlation between E4orf6-dependent p53 degradation and oncogenesis. Our results show that p53 destabilization maps to multiple regions within both amino- and carboxy-terminal parts of the viral protein and widely cosegregates with E4orf6-dependent acceleration of tumor growth, indicating that both effects are related. In contrast, promotion of focus formation and morphological transformation require only a carboxy-terminal segment of the E4 protein. Thus, these effects are completely independent of p53 stability, but may involve other interactions with the tumor suppressor. Our results demonstrate that at least two distinct activities contribute to the oncogenic potential of Ad5 E4orf6. Although genetically separable, both activities are largely mediated through a novel highly conserved, cysteine-rich motif and a recently described arginine-faced amphipathic alpha helix, which resides within a carboxy-terminal "oncodomain" of the viral protein.
|
['Adenovirus E1A Proteins', 'Adenovirus E1B Proteins', 'Adenovirus E4 Proteins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Carcinogenicity Tests', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Oncogene Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Viral Plaque Assay']
| 10,799,592
|
[['D12.776.460.050.100', 'D12.776.624.664.520.045.050.100', 'D12.776.930.100', 'D12.776.964.700.045.050.100', 'D23.050.285.062.045', 'D23.050.327.062.045'], ['D12.776.460.050.110', 'D12.776.624.664.520.045.050.110', 'D12.776.930.110', 'D12.776.964.700.045.050.110', 'D23.050.285.062.050', 'D23.050.327.062.050'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.045.080', 'D12.776.964.700.045.080', 'D23.050.327.045.080'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.940.150'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['D12.776.624.664'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.284.835'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of oral administration and oral intake of edible vaccines.
|
To evaluate whether vaccine administration via intragastric gavage is indicative for the outcome of edible vaccines, mice were orally immunised with ovalbumin (OVA) mixed with or without Vibrio cholerae toxin (CT) in various compositions via various routes: (1) OVA dissolved in saline and intragastrically (IG) administered ('IG'); (2) OVA mixed with food extract and administered IG ('food IG'); (3) food chow absorbed with OVA dissolved in saline and fed to the animals ('food'); and (4) OVA dissolved in saline and administered via drinking bottles ('drinking'). When given to naive mice, 'IG' and 'food IG' but not 'food' or 'drinking' induced anti-OVA IgG1 responses in serum, but oral boost immunisations were necessary. Serum IgA was not induced. Oral boosting of subcutaneously (SC) primed mice enhanced the IgG1 and IgA response in serum regardless of the route of immunisation or the vaccine composition. CT did not dramatically enhance the immune response. All immunisation routes except 'drinking' induced antigen-specific IgA antibody secreting cells (ASC) in the lamina propria of naive mice. But antigen-specific antibody responses in faeces were not observed. We concluded that oral (i.e. IG) administration is distinct from oral intake. The composition of the vaccine (food or saline) did not influence oral administration. We thus suggested that the route of administration greatly influenced the outcome of oral immunisation. Although oral administration is a well-accepted route to test the potentials of oral vaccines, our study demonstrated that it is merely indicative for the effectiveness of edible vaccines. Studies on the feasibility of edible vaccines should thus be performed by eating the vaccine.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antibody-Producing Cells', 'Drinking', 'Enterotoxins', 'Female', 'Food', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mice', 'Ovalbumin', 'Vaccines, Edible']
| 12,413,735
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['A11.063', 'A15.382.032'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['D23.946.330'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['D12.776.828.868.915', 'D20.215.894.860.915', 'D20.215.894.865.915', 'D23.050.865.915']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Can word formation be understood or understanded by semantics alone?
|
Arguments concerning the relative role of semantic and grammatical factors in word formation have proven to be a wedge issue in current debates over the nature of linguistic representation and processing. In the present paper, we re-examine claims by Ramscar [Ramscar, M. (2002). The role of meaning in inflection: Why the past tense does not require a rule. Cognitive Psychology, 45, 45-94.] that it is semantic rather than grammatical factors that influence the choice of regular or irregular past tense forms for English verbs. In Experiment 1, we first replicated Ramscar's (2002) experiment, which showed semantic influences on choice of past tense inflection. A novel verb, splink, was introduced in a semantic context that was reminiscent of an existing regular or irregular rhyme verb: blink or drink. Participants favored the past tense form (splinked or splank) that matched that of the semantically similar verb. In Experiment 2, we introduced novel verbs in a context suggesting that they were grammatically derived from nouns (i.e., denominals). Some current symbolic processing models propose that regular past tense forms should be preferred for such forms. When Ramscar's (2002) original contexts for derivational verbs were re-tested in this condition, we replicated his failure to find a preference for regular past tense forms. However, when the contexts were modified to make the grammatical process more salient, we did find a preference for regular past tense forms, suggesting that the derivational status might have been ambiguous in the original materials. In Experiment 3, we tested whether acceptability ratings for regular or irregular past tense forms of grammatically derived verbs could be explained by semantic distance metrics or by ratings of noun-to-verb derivational status. Ratings of semantic distance and grammatical derivation were orthogonal factors in Experiment 3. Only derivational status predicted acceptability ratings for regular past tense forms. Taken together, the present results suggest that semantic factors do not explain the regularization of irregular verbs in derivational contexts, although semantic factors can affect the choice of past tense forms in certain circumstances.
|
['Cognition', 'Humans', 'Psycholinguistics', 'Semantics', 'Vocabulary']
| 17,498,681
|
[['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.694', 'F04.096.586', 'L01.559.598.628'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Practice patterns and role perception of advanced practice nurses: A nationwide cross-sectional study.
|
AIMS: To provide an overview of the practice patterns of advanced practice nurses and to explore their perceptions of their role in Singapore.BACKGROUND: Role expansion of advanced practice nurses is increasingly popular in healthcare systems. However, their practice patterns remain variable, thereby introducing role ambiguity. Uncertainty revolves around how advanced practice nurses perceive their practice, competency and readiness for role expansion.METHODS: A nationwide survey of advanced practice nurses was conducted in Singapore. Statistical analyses of closed-ended responses and content analysis of open-ended responses were undertaken.RESULTS: A total of 87 participants were surveyed (42.8% response rate). Significant discrepancies existed between current practices and their expectations. Readiness for and acceptance of role expansion were discerned but multiple barriers to practice have remained.CONCLUSION: This pioneering study in Asia provides important evidence to support the call for greater clarity in the role of APNs and for review of existing institutional practice restrictions. It provides insights into healthcare systems in similar developmental stages of advanced practice nursing.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: When outlining the goals and role priorities of advanced practice nurses APNs, nurse administrators can consider their best contributions in practice. This allows for long-term sustainability of their role.
|
['Adult', 'Advanced Practice Nursing', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Nurse's Role", "Practice Patterns, Nurses'", 'Singapore', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,776,163
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['H02.478.676.074'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['N04.590.374.553', 'N05.300.581'], ['Z01.252.145.774'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The Evaluation of Benefit of Newly Prepared Reversible Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Commonly Used Pyridostigmine as Pharmacological Pretreatment of Soman-Poisoned Mice.
|
AIM: The ability of four newly prepared reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (6-chlorotacrine, 7-phenoxytacrine, compounds 1 and 2) and currently used carbamate pyridostigmine to increase the resistance of mice against soman and the efficacy of antidotal treatment of soman-poisoned mice was evaluated.METHODS: The evaluation of the effect of pharmacological pretreatment is based on the identification of changes of soman-induced toxicity that was evaluated by the assessment of its LD50 value and its 95% confidence limit using probitlogarithmical analysis of death occurring within 24 h after administration of soman.RESULTS: 6-chlorotacrine was only able to markedly protect mice against acute toxicity of soman. In addition, the pharmacological pretreatment with 6-chlorotacrine or compound 2 was able to increase the efficacy of antidotal treatment (the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine) of soman-poisoned mice. The other newly prepared reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (7-phenoxytacrine, compound 1) as well as commonly used pyridostigmine did not influence the efficacy of antidotal treatment.CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that pharmacological pretreatment of somanpoisoned mice can be promising and useful in the case of administration of 6-chlorotacrine and partly compound 2.
|
['Animals', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Isoquinolines', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Pyridinium Compounds', 'Pyridostigmine Bromide', 'Soman']
| 28,418,831
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.383.725.762'], ['D03.383.725.762.740'], ['D02.705.429.750.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Learning from our older people: pilot study findings on responding to heat.
|
AIMS: With the advent of climate change, it is important that strategies be put in place to minimise the effects of heat. These impacts can be compounded by other factors such as location and age. This exploratory pilot study focuses on older people in a rural Victorian community that regularly experiences hot weather.METHOD: Mixed methods - including a focus group, household interviews, daily diaries and collection of meteorological data.RESULTS: The community is generally well adapted to heat with all having modified their homes and behaviours to cope with extreme heat. There was, however, little understanding or planning regarding the potential health impacts of heat.CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear need for community-directed adaptation to best meet the needs of older people, particularly those living in urban areas, and for targeted public health campaigns to increase awareness of heat-health risks and disseminate the strategies identified in this community.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Climate', 'Extreme Heat', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Heat Stress Disorders', 'Housing for the Elderly', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Protective Factors', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Ventilation', 'Victoria']
| 24,521,491
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['F01.058'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['G16.500.750.775.271', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232.500', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380.500'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['C26.522'], ['J03.340.260', 'N01.224.791.400.410', 'N06.230.150.360.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.582', 'N05.715.350.200.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.570', 'N06.850.490.625.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.582'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N06.230.150.520'], ['Z01.639.100.992', 'Z01.678.100.373.992']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Autonomic contribution to blood pressure and metabolism in obesity.
|
Obesity is associated with alterations in the autonomic nervous system that may contribute to the increase in blood pressure and resting energy expenditure present in this condition. To test this hypothesis, we induced autonomic withdrawal with the ganglionic blocker trimethaphan in 10 lean (32+/-3 years) and 10 obese (35+/-3 years) subjects. Systolic blood pressure fell more in obese compared with lean subjects (-17+/-3 versus -11+/-1 mm Hg; P=0.019) because of a greater decrease in total peripheral resistance (-310+/-41 versus 33+/-78 dynes/sec/cm(-5); P=0.002). In contrast, resting energy expenditure decreased less in obese than in lean subjects, (-26+/-21 versus -86+/-15 kcal per day adjusted by fat-free mass; P=0.035). We confirmed that the autonomic contribution to blood pressure was greater in obesity after including additional subjects with a wider range of blood pressures. Systolic blood pressure decreased -28+/-4 mm Hg (95% CI: -38 to -18.0; n=8) in obese hypertensive subjects compared with lean (-9+/-1 mm Hg; 95% CI: -11 to -6; n=22) or obese normotensive subjects (-14+/-2 mm Hg; 95% CI: -18 to -10; n=20). After removal of autonomic influences, systolic blood pressure remained higher in obese hypertensive subjects (109+/-3 versus 98+/-2 mm Hg in lean and 103+/-2 mm Hg in obese normotensive subjects; P=0.004) suggesting a role for additional factors in obesity-associated hypertension. In conclusion, sympathetic activation induced by obesity is an important determinant to the blood pressure elevation associated with this condition but is not effective in increasing resting energy expenditure. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system could be targeted in the treatment of obesity-associated hypertension.
|
['Adult', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Ganglionic Blockers', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Rest', 'Systole', 'Thinness', 'Trimethaphan', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 17,116,758
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.800.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07'], ['G03.295'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['I03.450.769.647'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['C23.888.144.828', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.828', 'G07.100.100.160.120.828'], ['D03.383.129.308.935'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Role of rho-kinase activity in angiotensin II-induced contraction of rabbit clitoral cavernosum smooth muscle.
|
Isometric tension measurement using a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor (+)- (R)-trans4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632) and a selective myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML7) were used in rabbit clitoral cavernosum smooth muscle (CSM). N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used to evaluate the relationship between NO release and Rho-kinase. Y-27632 significantly attenuated contractions induced by ANG II, dose-dependently. However, ML7 did not affect the contractile response to ANG II except in the high concentrations of ML7. Y-27632 inhibited contraction with phenylephrine (PhE), but ML7 did not inhibit contraction with PhE. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (NAME) did not affect the Y-27632-induced relaxation in the pre-contracted strip with PhE. The present study demonstrates that G-protein-coupled increase in myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity mediated through the RhoA/Rho-kinase signal pathway is involved in the control by ANG II of the clitoral CSM tone. RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway acts in the ANG II-induced contraction independently of the NO pathway.
|
['Amides', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Azepines', 'Clitoris', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase', 'Naphthalenes', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Phenylephrine', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Pyridines', 'Rabbits', 'Signal Transduction', 'rho-Associated Kinases', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']
| 12,494,280
|
[['D02.065'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.066'], ['A05.360.319.887.436'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125.500', 'D12.644.360.100.500', 'D12.776.476.100.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D02.033.100.291.617', 'D02.092.063.291.617'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.814', 'D12.644.360.590', 'D12.776.476.595'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.200', 'D12.644.360.525.700.200', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.200', 'D12.776.476.525.700.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stable isotope labeling and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-â-D-glucopyranoside biosynthetic pathway characterization in Fallopia multiflora.
|
MAIN CONCLUSION: The THSG biosynthetic pathway in F. multiflora was characterized, and enzymatic activities responsible for the resveratrol synthesis, hydroxylation, and glycosylation reactions involved in THSG biosynthesis were confirmed in vitro. The biosynthetic origin of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-â-D-glucopyranoside (THSG) and the enzymes involved in THSG biosynthesis in Fallopia multiflora were studied using stable isotope labeling and biocatalytic methods. UPLC-MS-based analyses were used to unravel the isotopologue composition of the biosynthetic intermediates and products, as well as to detect the products of the enzyme assay experiments. In this study, 13C-labeled L-phenylalanine (L-PHE), sodium pyruvate (SP), and sodium bicarbonate (SB) were used as putative precursors in the feeding experiment. Labeling of polydatin (PD) and THSG using [13C9]L-PHE and [13C1]L-PHE confirmed that the p-coumaric moiety of PD and THSG was derived from PHE. The results of the feeding experiments with [13C] SB and [2, 3-13C2] SP suggested that PD and THSG were derivatives of resveratrol that were synthesized by glycosylation and hydroxylation. We developed methods using total crude protein extracts (soluble and microsomal) for comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of resveratrol synthase, glycosyltransferase, and hydroxylase activities in various tissue types of wild F. multiflora and callus cultures. The activity of each tested enzyme was confirmed in one or more tissue types or cell cultures in vitro. The results of the enzyme activity experiments and the distributions of PD and THSG were used to determine the main site and pathway of THSG biosynthesis in F. multiflora.
|
['Fallopia multiflora', 'Glucosides', 'Glycosylation', 'Hydroxylation', 'Isotope Labeling', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Resveratrol', 'Stilbenes']
| 29,138,972
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.825.359.590'], ['D09.408.348'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['E05.522'], ['G03.493'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.725.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.715.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interaction between hsp70 and hsp40, eukaryotic homologues of DnaK and DnaJ, in human cells expressing mutant-type p53.
|
We have recently identified a novel 40-kDa heatshock protein hsp40 as a mammalian homologue of bacterial DnaJ protein. Here we demonstrate the physical interaction between hsp70 (DnaK homologue) and hsp40 in human cells as determined by immunoprecipitation methods. Co-immunoprecipitation of hsp70 with hsp40 was dependent on the presence of ATP or unfolded protein (reduced carboxymethylated alpha-lactalbumin). A mutant type of tumor suppressor gene product, mtp53, was co-immunoprecipitated not only with hsp70 but also with hsp40. These results suggest the existence of a hsp70(DnaK)/hsp40(DnaJ) chaperone system in mammalian cells.
|
['Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Genes, p53', 'HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,828,728
|
[['D12.776.097.275'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['D12.776.580.216.292'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Social Behavior and Impairments in Social Cognition Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
|
OBJECTIVES: The negative effect of changes in social behavior following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are known, but much less is known about the neuropsychological impairments that may underlie and predict these changes. The current study investigated possible associations between post-injury behavior and neuropsychological competencies of emotion recognition, understanding intentions, and response selection, that have been proposed as important for social functioning.METHODS: Forty participants with TBI and 32 matched healthy participants completed a battery of tests assessing the three functions of interest. In addition, self- and proxy reports of pre- and post-injury behavior, mood, and community integration were collected.RESULTS: The TBI group performed significantly poorer than the comparison group on all tasks of emotion recognition, understanding intention, and on one task of response selection. Ratings of current behavior suggested significant changes in the TBI group relative to before the injury and showed significantly poorer community integration and interpersonal behavior than the comparison group. Of the three functions considered, emotion recognition was associated with both post-injury behavior and community integration and this association could not be fully explained by injury severity, time since injury, or education.CONCLUSIONS: The current study confirmed earlier findings of associations between emotion recognition and post-TBI behavior, providing partial evidence for models proposing emotion recognition as one of the pre-requisites for adequate social functioning. (JINS, 2017, 23, 400-411).
|
['Aged', 'Brain Injuries, Traumatic', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reaction Time', 'Semantics', 'Social Behavior', 'Verbal Behavior']
| 28,399,953
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.199.444', 'C10.900.300.087.235', 'C26.915.300.200.194'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F01.145.209.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients: relation to resting energy expenditure, serum leptin, body composition, and lipid profile.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) affects resting energy expenditure (REE) as well as body composition, lipid profile, and serum leptin in obese patients.RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 108 obese patients with SH defined as normal free thyroxine levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values of > 4.38 microU/ml (mean +/- 2 SD of the values of our reference group of obese patients with normal thyroid function) were compared with a group of 131 obese patients matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) but with normal TSH levels. We assessed estimated daily caloric intake by 7-day recall, REE by indirect calorimetry, body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, serum leptin by radioimmunoassay, and lipid profile (i.e., total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides).RESULTS: All of the variables measured were not different between the euthyroid obese patients and those with SH. In a multiple regression model with REE expressed for kilograms of fat free mass (REE/kgFFM) as a dependent variable and percentage of fat mass, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, age, TSH, free thyroxine, serum leptin, and caloric intake as independent variables, only percentage of fat mass was significantly correlated with REE/kgFFM in both groups. In the SH group only, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, age, and TSH were related to REE/kgFFM and explained 69.5% of its variability. After dividing the patients with SH using a cutoff TSH value of 5.7 microU/ml, which represents 3 SD above the mean of TSH levels of the group of obese patients with normal thyroid function, only REE/kgFFM was significantly different and lower in the group of more severely hypothyroid patients.DISCUSSION: In patients with obesity, SH affects energy expenditure only when TSH is clearly above the normal range; it does not change body composition and lipid profile. We suggest that, at least in obese patients, evaluation of TSH levels may be useful to rule out a possible impairment of resting energy expenditure due to a reduced peripheral effect of thyroid hormones.
|
['Basal Metabolism', 'Body Composition', 'Calorimetry, Indirect', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Electric Impedance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Leptin', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Thyrotropin']
| 11,323,445
|
[['G03.295.154'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E05.196.131.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['D10'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Administration of donor splenocytes via the respiratory tract generates CD8á+
|
BACKGROUND: We previously showed that pretreatment with intratracheal delivery (ITD) of alloantigen induced prolonged cardiac allograft survival and generated regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice. In this study, we examined the role of splenic dendritic cells (DCs) in the ITD model.METHODS: CBA mice were treated with ITD from C57BL/10 splenocytes and 7 days later received transplantation of C57BL/10 hearts. In adoptive transfer studies, splenic DCs from ITD-treated mice were transferred into na?ve CBA recipients that received C57BL/10 hearts immediately after the transfer. In addition, to determine the role of splenic DCs isolated from ITD-treated mice, the cells were incubated under stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).RESULTS: ITD-treated CBA recipients had markedly prolonged allograft survival (median survival time [MST], 67 days) while na?ve recipients rejected allografts acutely (MST, 8 days). In adoptive transfer studies, CBA recipients of the transfer of splenic DCs from ITD-treated mice had prolonged allograft survival (MST, 85 days), while CBA recipients of the transfer of splenic DCs from na?ve mice did not have prolonged allograft survival (MST, 8 days). In another transfer study, CBA recipients of the transfer of splenic CD8á+ DCs from ITD-treated mice had prolonged allograft survival (MST, 79 days), while those receiving splenic CD8á- DCs from ITD-treated mice did not have prolonged allograft survival (MST, 8 days). In vitro studies showed that ITD-treated splenic DCs produced more IL-10 and less IL-12 than na?ve splenic DCs under stimulation with LPS.CONCLUSIONS: ITD pretreatment induces regulatory DCs, which produce high amounts of IL-10 resulting in the prolongation of graft survival in our model.
|
['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'CD8 Antigens', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Histocompatibility Antigens', 'Interleukin-10', 'Isoantigens', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Respiratory System', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Tissue Donors', 'Transplantation Tolerance', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 29,990,543
|
[['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050', 'E05.478.550.520.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.108', 'D23.101.100.894.108'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['D23.050.301.500', 'D23.050.705.552'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D23.050.705'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['A04'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['M01.898'], ['G12.535.425.955'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Regional deposition of gases and particles in the lung: implications for mixtures.
|
Considerations of the health effects of pollutant mixtures usually focus on the interactions of biochemically-induced events. For example, the effect of metabolic enzyme induction by one pollutant on the subsequent effect of another pollutant is often considered. Another important aspect of mixture interactions is the modulating effects exposure to one pollutant can have on the dosimetry of another pollutant and, indirectly, on the effects of the other pollutant. Dose-modulating effects may be particularly important when considering effects of inhaled mixtures on the lung. In this paper, the specific case of O3-induced changes on the human lung and the resulting effects on inhaled particle dose are considered as a specific example. Ozone has multiple effects on the lung ranging from alterations in pulmonary function to effects on lung defense mechanisms such as mucociliary transport of particles, and alveolar macrophage engulfment and translocation. To better understand how the O3-induced changes can affect particle dosimetry, the basic concepts of particle dosimetry are considered first. Then the specific O3-induced effects on the human lung are considered in the context of the factors governing inhaled particle dose.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Air Pollutants', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Ozone', 'Particle Size']
| 8,571,369
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['G02.712']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of illuminance on the directions of chromostereopsis and transverse chromatic aberration observed with natural pupils.
|
The direction of chromostereopsis observed with a natural pupil and the direction of the monocularly perceived disparity between coloured targets (F and C lines - 486 and 656 nm) have been measured in a sample of 30 subjects at 10 and 1000 lx. At both illumination levels approximately equal numbers of subjects perceived positive and negative chromostereopsis. When the ambient illumination was increased, a reversal in the direction of the chromostereopsis occurred for 16 subjects. For six of them a change from a positive to a negative chromostereopsis was observed, a pattern not reported in previous studies. In most cases at both high and low illuminance, there was an absence of perception of a monocular disparity (transverse chromatic aberration), although chromostereopsis was reported, indicating that binocular information can be obtained from sub-threshold monocular disparities. At low illuminance, the lack of correlation between the direction of chromostereopsis and transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) may indicate that there may be a supplementary binocular factor in chromostereopsis.
|
['Adult', 'Color Perception', 'Depth Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pupil', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Visual Fields']
| 2,216,476
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['F02.463.593.200', 'F02.463.593.778.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A09.371.060.450.780', 'A09.371.894.513.780'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rhipicephalus sanguineus importation into the UK: surveillance, risk, public health awareness and One Health response.
|
As part of Public Health England's assessment of vectorborne disease risk to public health in the UK, tick specimens are regularly submitted by veterinarians for identification via the Tick Surveillance Scheme. Recently, a number of these specimens have been identified as the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus This species is non-endemic to the UK and presents a risk to both human and animal health due to its role in the transmission of various tickborne pathogens. Although current climatic conditions in the UK are unlikely to permit the survival of this species outdoors, indoor infestations can occur and this can present a risk of disease transmission within an infested property. This paper documents 40 importation events involving R sanguineus on recently travelled or imported dogs into the UK since 2012. It also provides details of the response following these detections in line with the One Health concept. With the increasing number of dogs travelling or being imported, it is likely that importation and infestation events in the UK will continue and may result in pathogen transmission. It is therefore important to raise awareness of this risk and share lessons learned to improve our prevention and response strategies to this emerging issue.
|
['Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Global Health', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Population Surveillance', 'Public Health', 'Rhipicephalus sanguineus', 'Risk', 'Tick Infestations', 'Tick-Borne Diseases', 'Travel', 'United Kingdom']
| 27,999,153
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.712.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C01.610.858.211.857'], ['C01.920.930'], ['I03.883'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The addition of epinephrine enhances postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine.
|
To investigate whether the addition of epinephrine would enhance postoperative pain relief by intrathecal morphine, we studied 36 patients scheduled to have spinal anesthesia for gynecologic surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the first received epinephrine 0.12 mg, morphine 0.2 mg, and hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg intrathecally (EMT group, n = 11); the second received morphine 0.2 mg and hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg intrathecally (MT group, n = 13); and the third received epinephrine 0.12 mg and hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg intrathecally (ET group, n = 12). The time to the first request for supplemental analgesics was longest (2182 +/- 251 min, mean +/- SEM) and the injection number of supplemental analgesics was least in the EMT group (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients who received supplemental analgesics in the EMT group (45.5%) was less than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Six patients in the EMT group and one in the MT group needed no additional analgesics during 48 h (P < 0.05 versus the MT and ET groups). The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was larger in the ET group than the EMT group (P < 0.05), but was similar in the EMT and MT groups. There were no differences among groups in the incidence of nausea and pruritus. Our data show that the addition of epinephrine enhances postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine without increasing the incidence of adverse effects as compared with intrathecal morphine alone.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analgesia', 'Drug Synergism', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Motor Activity', 'Nausea', 'Ovariectomy', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Postoperative Care']
| 7,653,813
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.091'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Measurement of serum PA values by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay].
|
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PA) values detected by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA, MARKIT-M PA) as a successor of MARKIT-F PA, which has been a leading kit in Japan, were evaluated for its role in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate and follow-up of the patients afflicted with the disease. The system is one-step sandwich type EIA using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer and has 0.50-100 ng/ml of detectable range with small amount of sample volume (25 microliters) and reliable quality control data. Furthermore, serum PA values detected by the assay were almost equivocal to those detected by MARKIT-F PA. Serum PA values in prostate cancer patients (n = 122) were statistically higher than those in normal males (n = 90), urological malignancies other than prostate cancer (n = 48) or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, n = 73). Even in the patients with stage A and B prostate cancer, serum PA values were observed to be statistically higher than those in BPH cases. If 3.6 ng/ml was used, which is normal value in MARKIT-F PA, as a cut-off value and BPH cases as a control, the sensitivity, specificity and efficacy for diagnosis of prostate cancer were 77.9, 91.8 and 83.1%, respectively, which showed the best results during the range examined. Serially determined serum PA values in following up the patients with prostate cancer were confirmed to be highly effective to evaluate treatment responses. These results suggest that MARKIT-M PA is thought to be one of the best tool for determination of serum PA values.
|
['Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Reference Values']
| 7,681,886
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A genome scan for Plasmodium falciparum malaria identifies quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 5q31, 6p21.3, 17p12, and 19p13.
|
BACKGROUND: Genome-wide studies have mapped several loci controlling Plasmodium falciparum mild malaria and parasitaemia, only two of them being significant at the genome level. The objective of the present study was to identify malaria resistance loci in individuals living in Burkina Faso.METHODS: A genome scan that involved 314 individuals belonging to 63 families was performed. Markers located within chromosomes 6p21.3 and 17p12 were genotyped in 247 additional individuals belonging to 55 families. The linkage and the association of markers with parasitaemia and mild malaria were assessed by using the maximum-likelihood binomial method extended to quantitative trait linkage and the quantitative trait disequilibrium test, respectively.RESULTS: Multipoint linkage analysis showed a significant linkage of mild malaria to chromosome 6p21.3 (LOD score 3.73, P = 1.7 10-5), a suggestive linkage of mild malaria to chromosome 19p13.12 (LOD score 2.50, P = 3.5 10-4), and a suggestive linkage of asymptomatic parasitaemia to chromosomes 6p21.3 (LOD score 2.36, P = 4.9 10-4) and 17p12 (LOD score 2.87, P = 1.4 10-4). Genome-wide family-based association analysis revealed a significant association between three chromosome 5q31 markers and asymptomatic parasitaemia, whereas there was no association with mild malaria. When taking into account 247 additional individuals, a significant linkage of asymptomatic parasitaemia to chromosome 17p12 (LOD score 3.6, P = 2 10-5) was detected.CONCLUSION: A new genome-wide significant malaria locus on chromosome 17p12 and a new suggestive locus on chromosome 19p13.12 are reported. Moreover, there was evidence that confirmed the influence of chromosomes 5q31 and 6p21.3 as loci controlling mild malaria or asymptomatic parasitaemia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Burkina Faso', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Disease Resistance', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Male', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Young Adult']
| 24,884,991
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290.190.245'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[A case of severe systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis introduced tocilizumab in early phase of the disease].
|
A 14-year-old boy was admitted in the former hospital with remittent fever, erythematous rash, joint pain, and muscle pain. Antibiotics were ineffectively administered and then, methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy with methotrexate was introduced under the diagnosis of suspected systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, he still had clinical symptoms and signs, and was transferred to our hospital. Re-examination revealed no malignancies including acute leukemia by bone marrow aspiration, no infectious agents by septic work, and no significant increases of antibodies against several viruses including CMV, EBV, HSV, Parvovirus B19, adenovirus, and so forth. FDG-PET demonstrated the accumulation of (18)F-FDG in bone marrows suggesting systemic JIA. Laboratory findings were leukocytosis and granulocytosis, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, and interleukin-6. He was finally diagnosed as having severe systemic JIA. Thus, soon after the additional mPSL pulse therapy, tocilizumab (TCZ) was successfully introduced. In conclusion, for systemic JIA patients with severe systemic inflammation, it will be reasonable to introduce tocilizumab earlier than the guideline suggested to reduce side effects of long-term and large amounts of steroids and to protect the transition to macrophage activation syndrome. Further studies will be needed to recommend appropriate timing of tocilizumab introduction.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Biopsy', 'Early Intervention, Educational', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 24,974,931
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['N02.421.143.130.320', 'N02.421.726.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Is there a difference in pregnancy and glycemic outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump with constant or intermittent glucose monitoring? A pilot study.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to describe glycemic and insulin outcomes by trimester and maternal and fetal outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes using an insulin pump with constant or intermittent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).METHODS: Twenty-five women with type 1 diabetes with newly diagnosed pregnancy were treated with insulin pump therapy (Medtronic 722, Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) for at least 1 year. Insulin pump and CGM (Medtronic Paradigm Real-Time) were implemented at least 3 months before conception. Patients were randomized in two groups: constant CGM group, 12 patients on insulin pump with glucose sensor, 24 h/day; and intermittent CGM group, 13 patients on insulin pump with intermittent glucose sensor, 14 days/month. The following parameters were analyzed: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), mean blood glucose, insulin requirement (in IU/kg/day), weight gain, severe hypoglycemic events, diabetic ketoacidosis, macrosomia, cesarean section, and neonatal hypoglycemia.RESULTS: Both groups achieved good glucose control during their pregnancies (P<0.05): 6.78±1.3% and 6.92±0.9% at the beginning of the study compared with 6.14±0.9% (constant CGM group) and 6.23±0.6% (intermittent CGM group) at the end of the study (last HbA1c before delivery). There was no significant decrease of HbA1c between the two groups. The constant CGM group had a significantly lower A1c in the first trimester compared with the intermittent CGM group. Maternal and fetal outcome did not show a significant difference between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS: Insulin pump therapy together with constant or intermittent CGM can improve diabetes control and pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes. The quality of the glucose profile at conception was the important factor for pregnancy outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring', 'Cesarean Section', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Female', 'Fetal Macrosomia', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Infusion Systems', 'Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 21,751,889
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.105', 'E01.370.374.100', 'E01.370.520.100', 'E02.900.950.500', 'E05.200.124.100.105'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.076.176.652.500', 'C18.452.394.750.535', 'C19.246.099.812'], ['C13.703.170.500', 'C13.703.277.570', 'C13.703.726.570', 'C16.300.570', 'C19.246.099.968', 'C23.888.144.186.500'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['E02.319.300.508', 'E07.505.508', 'E07.858.082.505.508'], ['E01.370.520.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['C13.703.726'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source.
|
Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit manipulation, and integrated single-photon detectors. Here, we present the key aspects of preparing and testing a silicon photonic quantum chip with an integrated photon source and two-photon interferometer. The most important aspect of an integrated quantum circuit is minimizing loss so that all of the generated photons are detected with the highest possible fidelity. Here, we describe how to perform low-loss edge coupling by using an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber to closely match the mode of the silicon waveguides. By using an optimized fusion splicing recipe, the UHNA fiber is seamlessly interfaced with a standard single-mode fiber. This low-loss coupling allows the measurement of high-fidelity photon production in an integrated silicon ring resonator and the subsequent two-photon interference of the produced photons in a closely integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This paper describes the essential procedures for the preparation and characterization of high-performance and scalable silicon quantum photonic circuits.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Interferometry', 'Photons', 'Quantum Theory', 'Silicon']
| 28,447,975
|
[['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E05.490'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['D01.268.513.937']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Profile of gender violence by intimate partners].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and profile of gender violence (physical, psychological, and sexual) perpetrated against women by current or former intimate partners.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at a primary healthcare unit in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Our sample comprised 251 women aged 18-49 years who attended the healthcare unit between October and November 2003. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and double-entered into a electronic spreadsheet. We carried out univariate and bivariate analyses and the chi-square test.RESULTS: The prevalence of the three types of violence were: psychological (55%, 95% CI: 49-61), physical (38%; 95% CI: 32-44), and sexual (8%; 95% CI: 5-11). Variables significantly associated with the three types of violence included woman's age (psychological: p=0.004), woman's schooling (psychological and physical; p=0.012 and 0.023, respectively), partner's schooling (p=0.004, 0.000), social class (p=0.006, 0.000), years with partner (p=0.006, 0.005), partner's occupation (p=0.015, 0.001), number of pregnancies (p=0.018, 0.037), and prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders (p=0.000, 0.000).CONCLUSIONS: The present study found high prevalences of gender violence perpetrated by intimate partners among the users of a primary healthcare unit. Such units play an important role in preventing violence against women.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brazil', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Sex Offenses', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Spouse Abuse', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 16,254,643
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['I01.198.240.748'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.750', 'I01.198.240.856.575.500', 'I01.880.735.900.350.750', 'I01.880.735.900.688.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Power of an effective clinical conversation: improving accrual onto clinical trials.
|
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is actively transforming clinical trials to revitalize the clinical trials system and improve patient accrual. For more than 30 years, NCI has provided information and communication resources about cancer clinical trials. The Institute supports a clinical trials Web site (www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials) that receives nearly a half million page views a month. In addition, NCI's Cancer Information Service (800-4-CANCER, chat and e-mail) responds to 1,750 clinical trial inquiries every month. Although these numbers suggest that a high volume of clinical trial information is being exchanged between NCI, the public, and providers, most patients decide whether to participate in clinical trials during the patient-provider interaction.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Communication', 'Community-Based Participatory Research', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'National Cancer Institute (U.S.)', 'Neoplasms', 'Patient Selection', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Sex Factors', 'United States']
| 23,277,764
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['H01.770.644.193', 'N05.425.104'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.150', 'N03.540.052.750.150', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.150'], ['C04'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled study.
|
This pilot randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with ARDS was implemented to study the impact of inhaled nitric oxide (inhNO) on lung function, morbidity, and mortality. Thirty patients with ARDS were randomly allocated to usual care or usual care plus inhNO. The optimal dose of inhNO was determined to be between 0.5 and 40 parts-per-million daily. All therapeutic interventions were standardized. ARDS resulted mainly from sepsis (25 of the 30). During the first 24 h, the hypoxia score increased greatly in patients treated with inhNO +70.4 mm Hg (+59%) versus +14.2 mm Hg (+9.3%) for the control group (p = 0.02), venous admixture decreased from 25.7 to 15.2% in the inhNO group, and from only 19.4 to 14.9% in the control group (p = 0.05). After the first day of therapy no further beneficial effect of inhNO was detected. Forty percent of the patients treated with inhNO were alive and weaned from mechanical ventilation within 30 d after randomization compared with 33.3% in the control group (p = 0.83). The 30-d mortality rate was similar in the two groups; most deaths (11 of 17) were due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This study shows that inhNO, in this population, may improve gas exchange but does not affect mortality.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Pilot Projects', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Respiratory Mechanics']
| 9,603,127
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['G09.772.705.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Selective late steroid withdrawal after renal transplantation.
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Steroid withdrawal (SW) after paediatric renal transplantation (RTPL) is controversial. Selective late SW has been performed in our unit since 1995. The safety and effects of SW were analysed retrospectively in 47 patients undergoing RTPL between 1995 and 2004. Initial immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine A, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. Criteria for SW were: (1) stable renal function, (2) time interval after RTPL > or = 1 year, (3) no rejection or time interval after last rejection > or = 1 year and (4) good compliance. SW was performed in 30 patients at an age of 13.5 years (range 4.5-18.5) and 2.2 years (range 1-6.6) after RTPL. After SW, one patient experienced a steroid-sensitive rejection. Follow-up after SW (1.3 year; range 0.25-7.5) showed maintained renal function: glomerular filtration rate at SW and currently was 82 (65-128) and 82 (42-115) ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. The number of patients on antihypertensive treatment did not significantly change (at SW: n = 15; currently: n = 11). Height and body mass index (BMI) remained stable: Median standard deviation score (SDS) for height/BMI at SW and currently was -1.1/0.2 and -0.8/0.1, respectively. Selective late SW was safe regarding renal function and had no significant effect on blood pressure and growth.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Development', 'Azathioprine', 'Blood Pressure', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cyclosporine', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Steroids']
| 17,874,140
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.525.049', 'G07.345.374.500'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch: a multi-institutional, multinational evaluation.
|
OBJECTIVES: To report the collective experience of three multinational institutions with the use of robotics to evaluate and treat complex distal ureteral obstruction.METHODS: A total of 12 patients from The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium; and Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation between August 2004 and July 2006. The indications for ureteral reimplantation included ureteral stricture (n = 10) and ureterovaginal fistula (n = 2). Nine patients had pathology on the left side and 4 patients had right-sided disease. Surgery was performed by three experienced laparoscopic robotic surgeons with the daVinci Surgical System.RESULTS: The mean patient age (range) was 41.3 years (19 to 67 years). The mean operative time was 208 minutes (80 to 360 minutes). The mean robot time was 173 minutes (75 to 300 minutes). The mean estimated blood loss was 48 mL (45 to 100 minutes). The mean length of hospitalization was 4.3 days (2 to 8 days). All the procedures were completed successfully robotically without open conversion. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Postoperative intravenous urography and Mercapto Acetyl TriGlycine 3 showed normal findings in 10 patients and a mild residual hydronephrosis in 2 patients. After a mean follow-up of 15.5 months, all patients were asymptomatic of their initial disease state.CONCLUSIONS: This multi-institutional, multinational experience illustrates that ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch can be performed safely and effectively to treat lower tract ureteral obstruction.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psoas Muscles', 'Robotics', 'Ureter', 'Ureteral Diseases', 'Ureteral Obstruction', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Fistula', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures', 'Vaginal Fistula']
| 18,384,858
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567.825'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['A05.810.776'], ['C12.777.725', 'C13.351.968.725'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C12.706.881', 'C13.351.875.881', 'C23.300.575.825'], ['E04.950.774'], ['C13.351.500.894.767', 'C23.300.575.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inulin alters the intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in growing pigs regardless of their basal diet.
|
Inulin stimulates intestinal bifidobacteria in humans and rodents but its effect in pigs is inconsistent. We assessed the effect of inulin on the intestinal microbiota by fluorescent in situ hybridization in growing pigs (age 9-12 wk). Pigs (n = 64) were assigned to 2 types of basal diets [wheat and barley (WB) or corn and wheat gluten (CG)] with or without 3% inulin (WBI or CGI) for 3 and 6 wk (n = 8/group) to test whether naturally occurring dietary fibers influence the inulin effect. Intestinal organic acids, pH values, and residual inulin were determined. The composition of the microbiota was highly individual. The duration of feeding did not affect any of the variables tested; therefore, data for the 2 periods were pooled. Bifidobacteria were detected in less than half of the pigs. Inulin did not stimulate lactobacilli and bifidobacteria numbers irrespective of the basal diet, although 20-50% of inulin was degraded in the jejunum. The number of pigs with colonic bifidobacteria was higher in those fed diets containing inulin (40 vs. 13%; P < 0.05). Total colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were lower in both inulin-fed groups due to reduced acetate (P < 0.05). Proportions of colonic butyrate were higher in pigs fed inulin-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Colonic pH tended to be lower in the WB groups (WB; 6.6 +/- 0.6), and was higher due to inulin (CGI, 7.1 +/- 0.1; P < 0.05). In conclusion, inulin affected intestinal SCFA and the number of pigs harboring bifidobacteria; this effect was independent of the basal diet.
|
['Acetates', 'Aging', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Bacteria', 'Bifidobacterium', 'Butyrates', 'Diet', 'Intestines', 'Inulin', 'Propionates', 'Swine']
| 16,614,404
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B03'], ['B03.510.024.100', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100'], ['D02.241.081.114', 'D10.251.400.143'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D05.750.078.562.855.750', 'D09.301.915.750', 'D09.698.350.500', 'D09.698.365.855.750'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glomerular atrial natriuretic factor receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
|
There are differences in the renal handling of sodium between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls. We investigated whether this difference may be associated with changes in plasma and tissue atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) levels and with alterations in glomerular ANF receptors at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls. Systolic blood pressure was higher in SHR at 8, 12, and 16 weeks, and cardiac hypertrophy was also present in these animals at 4 weeks. Plasma ANF C- and N-terminal concentrations were greater than in both normotensive groups at 8 and 16 weeks. ANF in the right atrium was higher in SHR than in WKY rats and identical to that in the Wistar group at 4 and 8 weeks. ANF in the left atrium was lower in SHR than in both control groups at week 12. No differences were found in ventricular ANF content. The density of glomerular ANF binding sites increased with age in WKY and Wistar rats but not in SHR. At weeks 8, 12, and 16, both normotensive groups had a higher density of binding sites than SHR, but binding site affinity was greater in SHR at weeks 8 and 12. After incubation with increasing concentrations of ANF, the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by isolated glomeruli from 16-week-old rats was lower in SHR than in both normotensive groups. We conclude that the development of hypertension in SHR is associated with higher plasma ANF levels and decreased glomerular ANF receptor density and glomerular cGMP production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Weight', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Heart Atria', 'Hematocrit', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Time Factors']
| 2,544,518
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['A07.541.358'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['D08.811.520.650.600.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.700.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.160'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin subunits by cultured human malignant cells.
|
The synthesis and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) subunits have been studied by pulse-chase techniques in JAR choriocarcinoma cells, which produce both the alpha and beta subunits of hCG "eutopically," that is, as part of their expected repertoire of gene products, and in three cell lines that produce either alpha or beta subunit "ectopically." JAR cells contain two intracellular forms of the alpha subunit (Mr = 15,000 and 18,000) and of the beta subunit (Mr = 18,000 and 24,000) but do not accumulate fully processed, "mature" alpha (Mr = 22,000) or beta (Mr = 34,000) subunits during chase of pulse-labeled cells. Mature subunits, however, are secreted into the culture medium during this time. Thus, secretion of mature subunits appears to occur rapidly after processing of the intracellular forms. Two cell lines that ectopically secrete alpha but not beta subunit, ChaGo bronchogenic carcinoma cells and HeLa S3 cervical carcinoma cells, also contain the Mr = 15,000 and 18,000 intracellular forms of alpha subunit and appear to accumulate mature alpha subunit intracellularly. The CBT cell line, derived from a glioblastoma multiforme, produces the Mr = 18,000 and 24,000 intracellular forms of beta subunit with no evidence for alpha subunit synthesis or secretion. These four cell lines should provide "biologic reagents" for the further study of alpha and beta subunit processing and secretion.
|
['Carcinoma, Bronchogenic', 'Cell Line', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Female', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pregnancy', 'Protein Biosynthesis']
| 7,188,695
|
[['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220', 'C08.381.540.140', 'C08.785.520.100.220'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.557.465.955.207', 'C04.557.470.200.025.455', 'C04.850.908.208', 'C13.703.720.949.208'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D05'], ['G02.494'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thyroid hormones and male sexual function.
|
The role of thyroid hormones in the control of erectile functioning has been only superficially investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between thyroid and erectile function in two different cohorts of subjects. The first one derives from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS study), a multicentre survey performed on a sample of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years (mean 60 ± 11 years). The second cohort is a consecutive series of 3203 heterosexual male patients (mean age 51.8 ± 13.0 years) attending our Andrology and Sexual Medicine Outpatient Clinic for sexual dysfunction at the University of Florence (UNIFI study). In the EMAS study all subjects were tested for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Similarly, TSH levels were checked in all patients in the UNIFI study, while FT4 only when TSH resulted outside the reference range. Overt primary hyperthyroidism (reduced TSH and elevated FT4, according to the reference range) was found in 0.3 and 0.2% of EMAS and UNIFI study respectively. In both study cohorts, suppressed TSH levels were associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Overt hyperthyroidism was associated with an increased risk of severe erectile dysfunction (ED, hazard ratio = 14 and 16 in the EMAS and UNIFI study, respectively; both p < 0.05), after adjusting for confounding factors. These associations were confirmed in nested case-control analyses, comparing subjects with overt hyperthyroidism to age, BMI, smoking status and testosterone-matched controls. Conversely, no association between primary hypothyroidism and ED was observed. In conclusion, erectile function should be evaluated in all individuals with hyperthyroidism. Conversely, assessment of thyroid function cannot be recommended as routine practice in all ED patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Smoking', 'Thyrotropin', 'Thyroxine']
| 22,834,774
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['C19.874.482'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F01.145.805'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Is there vitamin D deficiency in children in a sunny Mediterranean city?].
|
INTRODUCTION: Despite the increasing interest in vitamin D functions, new cases of deficiency have been reported in sunny regions where optimal levels are expected. The aim of this study was to analyze 25-hydroxivitamin D levels in children younger than 2 years admitted for acute mild diseases in a tertiary hospital in Valencia and its relationship with factors that can be associated with its deficiency.METHODS: This one year prospective and observational study was conducted on 169 children admitted for acute mild diseases. 25-hydroxivitamin D levels were analyzed. A standardized physical examination and structured interviews to the parents were performed. Children were classified into two groups, according to 25-hydroxivitamin D levels (cut-off 30 ng/mL).RESULTS: A total of 169 children were included, with a median age of 9 months, being more prevalent Caucasians (75.7%) and youger than one year old (79.3%). Almost one quarter (24.3%) of the children had 25-hydroxivitamin D levels <30 ng/mL, more frequently in winter/spring, and in children with higher skin phototypes (P<.01). Levels >30 ng/mL were associated with vitamin D prophylaxis during the first year, in children of a Caucasian mother, and those who did not wear a hijab. No statistical differences were found in diet characteristics (P=.65). Prophylaxis was given to 47% of the breastfed children younger than one year.CONCLUSIONS: In Valencia, Spain, 25-hydroxivitamin D levels lower than 30 ng/mL were found in a quarter of the children younger than two years. Our results emphasize the importance of vitamin D prophylaxis during the first year of life, even in sunny Mediterranean regions.
|
['Climate', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Prospective Studies', 'Spain', 'Sunlight', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 26,058,340
|
[['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Glucocorticosteroids and â₂-adrenoceptor agonists synergize to inhibit airway smooth muscle remodeling.
|
Airway remodeling, including increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and contractility, contributes to increased airway narrowing in asthma. Increased ASM mass may be caused by exposure to mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and collagen type I, which induce a proliferative, hypocontractile ASM phenotype. In contrast, prolonged exposure to insulin induces a hypercontractile phenotype. Glucocorticosteroids and â₂-adrenoceptor agonists synergize to increase glucocorticosteroid receptor translocation in ASM cells; however, the impact of this synergism on phenotype modulation is unknown. Using bovine tracheal smooth muscle, we investigated the effects of the glucocorticosteroids fluticasone (10 nM), budesonide (30 nM), and dexamethasone (0.1-1 ìM) and the combination of low concentrations of fluticasone (3-100 pM) and fenoterol (10 nM) on ASM phenotype switching in response to PDGF (10 ng/ml), collagen type I (50 ìg/ml), and insulin (1 ìM). All glucocorticosteroids inhibited PDGF- and collagen I-induced proliferation and hypocontractility, with the effects of collagen I being less susceptible to glucocorticosteroid action. At 100-fold lower concentrations, fluticasone (100 pM) synergized with fenoterol to prevent PDGF- and collagen I-induced phenotype switching. This inhibition of ASM phenotype switching was associated with a normalization of the PDGF-induced decrease in the cell cycle inhibitors p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p57(KIP2). At this concentration, fluticasone also prevented the insulin-induced hypercontractile phenotype. At even lower concentrations, fluticasone (3 pM) synergized with fenoterol to inhibit this phenotype switch. Collectively, these findings indicate that glucocorticosteroids and â₂-agonists synergistically inhibit ASM phenotype switching, which may contribute to the increased effectiveness of combined treatment with glucocorticosteroids and â₂-agonists in asthma.
|
['Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Airway Remodeling', 'Androstadienes', 'Animals', 'Budesonide', 'Cattle', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Collagen Type I', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57', 'Dexamethasone', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fenoterol', 'Fluticasone', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Insulin', 'Mitogens', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Phenotype', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Respiratory System', 'Trachea']
| 22,685,341
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['C23.300.017', 'G09.772.029'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.105'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D12.644.360.225.700', 'D12.776.167.187.700', 'D12.776.476.225.700', 'D12.776.624.776.355.700'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D02.033.100.291.465.300', 'D02.092.063.291.465.300', 'D02.092.311.660.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.660.300'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129.114'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['A11.620.520'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['A04'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression of transcription factor SOX4 and its clinical significance in female lung cancer patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of transcription factor SOX4 in lung cancer tissues of female patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province, and explore its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the female patients.METHODS: Real-time PCR was applied on lung cancer specimens and their corresponding normal lung tissues from 96 female cases of Xuanwei area to assess the expression of SOX4 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the SOX4 protein expression, and further to elucidate its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.RESULTS: The expression level of SOX4 mRNA in the cancer tissues (2.53 ± 1.65) was significantly higher than that of matched normal tissues (1.43 ± 1.14, P = 0.003). Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were 53.1% (51/96) positive expression of SOX4 protein in the cancer tissue and only 26.0% (25/96) in matched normal tissue (P < 0.001). The expression of SOX4 protein had a significant correlation with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and differentiation of tumor (P < 0.05). The survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with positive expression of SOX4 protein, lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage had a significantly shorter median survival time (P < 0.05). Cox regression survival analysis showed that pathological grade was a significant independent factor affecting prognosis.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of SOX4 mRNA and protein are significantly up-regulated in Xuanwei female lung cancer patients. Patients with positive SOX4 expression have a shorter median survival time. SOX4 protein expression level combined with pathological grade can be used as a prognostic indicator of female lung cancer patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'China', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'RNA, Messenger', 'SOXC Transcription Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Up-Regulation']
| 23,880,001
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.260.719.300', 'D12.776.660.235.400.750.300', 'D12.776.664.235.400.750.300', 'D12.776.930.823.300'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
DEAH box RNA helicase DHX38 associates with satellite I noncoding RNA involved in chromosome segregation.
|
Noncoding (nc) RNA called satellite I is transcribed from the human centromere region. Depletion of this ncRNA results in abnormal nuclear morphology because of defects in chromosome segregation. Some protein factors interact with this ncRNA and function as a component of a nc ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in mitotic regulation. Here, we found that DHX38, a pre-mRNA splicing-related DEAH box RNA helicase, interacts with satellite I ncRNA. Depletion of DHX38 resulted in defective chromosome segregation similar to knockdown of satellite I ncRNA. Interaction between DHX38 and ncRNA was interphase-specific, but DHX38 depletion affected the function of Aurora B, which associated with satellite I ncRNA at mitotic phase. Based on these findings, we suggest that DHX38 has a role in mitotic regulation as a component of the satellite I ncRNP complex at interphase.
|
['Cell Line', 'Centromere', 'Chromosome Segregation', 'DEAD-box RNA Helicases', 'DNA, Satellite', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'RNA Splicing Factors', 'RNA, Untranslated']
| 31,166,646
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.165', 'G05.360.160.165'], ['G04.144.220.220.625', 'G05.113.220.625'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249'], ['D13.444.308.480', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.340.024.220.150', 'G05.360.340.024.850.150'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.725.829', 'D12.776.664.962.829'], ['D13.444.735.790']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Study of precorneal tear film thickness and structure by interferometry and confocal microscopy.
|
Past measurements of precorneal tear film thickness in rabbits and humans gave values of 4-7 microns. These have been the accepted values. However, measurements presented in this report are much higher. Earlier techniques may have changed film thickness or not have fully included the layer containing mucus. Little is known about the mucus component. Thickness was measured in freshly killed animals of 10 species using two independent optical techniques. Coherent light was reflected from eyes and thickness was determined from spacing of interference fringes. Clear images of tissue structure were obtained with confocal microscopy, the tear film was visually identified, and thickness measured. Measurements by the two methods were closely correlated in each animal. No film was detected in trout or carp. In other species, thickness ranged from 9 microns in frogs to 15 microns in gerbils. Values are significantly larger than earlier estimates. Film thickness in three living rabbits was not significantly different from that measured shortly after death. There was no variation in thickness at five positions across the cornea in three species. Mucus content of rat tear film was examined by measuring thinning after application of 4, 8, and 20% (weight/volume) acetylcysteine, a mucolytic agent. Thickness was considerably reduced compared to controls, and the film almost completely removed by the highest concentration. The authors propose that the film is largely composed of mucus, not free aqueous solution. Our methods include such layers, and measurements are correspondingly larger than earlier ones.
|
['Animals', 'Cornea', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Interferometry', 'Light', 'Microscopy', 'Mucus', 'Tears']
| 1,582,804
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.490'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['A12.200.503'], ['A12.200.882']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rectally administered misoprostol versus intravenous oxytocin infusion during cesarean delivery to reduce intraoperative and postoperative blood loss.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of rectally administered misoprostol with intravenous oxytocin infusion in preventing uterine atony and blood loss during cesarean delivery.METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 200 women undergoing cesarean delivery who did not have risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage were randomly allocated to receive either 800 microg of rectal misoprostol at the time of peritoneal incision or an intravenous infusion of oxytocin after delivery of the neonate. Primary outcome measures were estimated amount of intraoperative and postoperative (8 hours) blood loss and changes in hemoglobin levels 24 hours after delivery.RESULTS: A total of 96 and 94 women were analyzed in the misoprostol and oxytocin groups, respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the misoprostol group than in the oxytocin group (503 vs 592 mL, P=0.003 and 74 vs 114 mL, P=0.045, respectively). The incidence of shivering was higher in the misoprostol group (8.3% vs 1.1%, P=0.018; RR 7.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-61.42).CONCLUSION: Rectal misoprostol appears to be an effective alternative to intravenous oxytocin in preventing blood loss for routine use during cesarean delivery.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: CTRI/2009/091/000075.
|
['Administration, Rectal', 'Adult', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Cesarean Section', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Misoprostol', 'Oxytocics', 'Oxytocin', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Uterine Inertia', 'Young Adult']
| 20,070,961
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.750'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.500', 'D23.469.700.660.500'], ['D27.505.696.875.737', 'D27.505.954.705.737'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['C23.550.767'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C13.703.420.288.728'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Properties and expression of a multidrug efflux pump AcrAB-KocC from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
|
We previously reported that we had cloned genes responsible for multidrug resistance from the chromosomal DNA of Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH78578 using a drug-hypersusceptible Escherichia coli strain as a host. One of the recombinant plasmids pETV6 conferred resistance to host cells against a wide range of antimicrobial agents, dyes and detergents. It was revealed that this plasmid carried the acrBKp gene and a part of the acrAKp gene coding for a multidrug efflux pump belonging to the RND family. We cloned the whole acrAKpBKp operon of K. pneumoniae and characterized the pump. The AcrAB pump utilized TolC as an outer membrane component in cells of E. coli. Elevated energy-dependent efflux of ethidium was observed with cells possessing AcrAKp BKp-TolC. We cloned a gene coding for an ortholog of TolC from chromosomal DNA of K. pneumoniae, and designated it kocC. It seems that the AcrAKpBKp-KocC complex functions as a potent multidrug efflux pump in K. pneumoniae. We observed a higher level of expression of acrAKp in K. pneumoniae MGH78578, a multidrug resistant strain, compared with ATCC10031, a drug susceptible strain.
|
['Carrier Proteins', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Ethidium', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 18,379,044
|
[['D12.776.157'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D03.633.300.633.416'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antral hypertrophic gastritis: a rare cause of iron deficiency.
|
A case of an unusual hypertrophic gastropathy confined to the gastric antrum which presented with chronic anaemia is described. The clinical and pathological features are contrasted with Menetrier's disease and hypersecretory hypertrophic gastropathy, and a possible relation to solitary hyperplastic (regenerative) polyps is discussed.
|
['Aged', 'Anemia, Hypochromic', 'Capillaries', 'Female', 'Gastritis', 'Gastritis, Hypertrophic', 'Humans', 'Pyloric Antrum', 'Thrombosis']
| 3,988,952
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C15.378.071.196'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['C06.405.205.697.410', 'C06.405.748.398.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.875.875.716'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of the melon chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences reveals that the largest reported mitochondrial genome in plants contains a significant amount of DNA having a nuclear origin.
|
BACKGROUND: The melon belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, whose economic importance among vegetable crops is second only to Solanaceae. The melon has a small genome size (454 Mb), which makes it suitable for molecular and genetic studies. Despite similar nuclear and chloroplast genome sizes, cucurbits show great variation when their mitochondrial genomes are compared. The melon possesses the largest plant mitochondrial genome, as much as eight times larger than that of other cucurbits.RESULTS: The nucleotide sequences of the melon chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were determined. The chloroplast genome (156,017 bp) included 132 genes, with 98 single-copy genes dispersed between the small (SSC) and large (LSC) single-copy regions and 17 duplicated genes in the inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb). A comparison of the cucumber and melon chloroplast genomes showed differences in only approximately 5% of nucleotides, mainly due to short indels and SNPs. Additionally, 2.74 Mb of mitochondrial sequence, accounting for 95% of the estimated mitochondrial genome size, were assembled into five scaffolds and four additional unscaffolded contigs. An 84% of the mitochondrial genome is contained in a single scaffold. The gene-coding region accounted for 1.7% (45,926 bp) of the total sequence, including 51 protein-coding genes, 4 conserved ORFs, 3 rRNA genes and 24 tRNA genes. Despite the differences observed in the mitochondrial genome sizes of cucurbit species, Citrullus lanatus (379 kb), Cucurbita pepo (983 kb) and Cucumis melo (2,740 kb) share 120 kb of sequence, including the predicted protein-coding regions. Nevertheless, melon contained a high number of repetitive sequences and a high content of DNA of nuclear origin, which represented 42% and 47% of the total sequence, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Whereas the size and gene organisation of chloroplast genomes are similar among the cucurbit species, mitochondrial genomes show a wide variety of sizes, with a non-conserved structure both in gene number and organisation, as well as in the features of the noncoding DNA. The transfer of nuclear DNA to the melon mitochondrial genome and the high proportion of repetitive DNA appear to explain the size of the largest mitochondrial genome reported so far.
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cucurbitaceae', 'DNA, Plant', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome Size', 'Genome, Chloroplast', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'Genome, Plant', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 21,854,637
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.393.183'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340.037'], ['G05.360.340.370.200'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Small airway disease: A different phenotype of early stage COPD associated with biomass smoke exposure.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic exposure to biomass smoke (BS) can significantly compromise pulmonary function and lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To determine whether BS exposure induces a unique phenotype of COPD from an early stage, with different physiopathological features compared with COPD associated with smoking (cigarette-smoke (CS) COPD), we assessed the physiopathology of early COPD associated with BS exposure (BS COPD) by incorporating spirometry, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging, bronchoscopy and pathological examinations.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 29 patients with BS COPD, 31 patients with CS COPD and 22 healthy controls, including 12 BS-exposed subjects who did not smoke and 10 healthy smokers without BS exposure. Spirometry, HRCT scans, bronchoscopy and bronchial mucosa biopsies were performed to assess lung function, emphysema and air trapping, as well as the pathological characteristics and levels of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).RESULTS: Among COPD patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation, BS exposure caused greater small airway dysfunction in BS COPD patients, although these patients had less emphysema and air trapping, as detected by HRCT (P < 0.05). We also observed significantly thicker basement membranes and greater endobronchial pigmentation in BS COPD than in CS COPD (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with BS COPD exhibited greater macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration but reduced neutrophil infiltration in their BALF (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: We used both radiology and pathology to document a distinct COPD phenotype associated with BS exposure. This is characterized by small airway disease.
|
['Aged', 'Biomass', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Smoke', 'Smoking', 'Spirometry', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 28,906,034
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['A04.411.125'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['D20.633.937'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Depletion of endogenous interleukin-10 augments interleukin-1 beta secretion by Mycobacterium bovis BCG-reactive human cells.
|
In this study, we found evidence that the interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein is functionally relevant in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced cytokine synthesis, as neutralization of endogenously synthesized IL-10 in human cells activated with BCG resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the level of IL-1 beta. When exogenous recombinant human IL-10 was added to human mononuclear cells, a significant reduction of BCG-induced IL-1 beta secretion was observed. This inhibitory effect was not attributed to a cytotoxic effect, since trypan blue exclusion studies indicated no loss of cell viability in the presence of IL-10, and it was specific, as it was completely abolished in the presence of anti-IL-10 neutralizing monoclonal antibody while an irrelevant antibody used as a control had no effect. Taken together, these are the first studies that demonstrate that the depletion of endogenous IL-10 via anti-IL-10 antibody results in a very significantly enhanced BCG-induced IL-1 beta secretion and that the addition of exogenous IL-10 to human mononuclear cells stimulated with BCG inhibits IL-1 beta production. Further experimental work is needed to determine if the neutralization of IL-10 activity via anti-IL-10 antibody indeed enhances cytokine synthesis in vivo. However, the present results may be of importance, since the use of anti-IL-10 antibody could presumably contribute to the protective immunity induced by BCG against tuberculosis via an increase in cytokine synthesis that would amplify antimicrobial systems.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-10', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 9,067,646
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Similar activation state of neutrophils in sputum of asthma patients irrespective of sputum eosinophilia.
|
Inflammatory phenotypes of asthma are associated with differences in disease characteristics. It is unknown whether these inflammatory phenotypes are reflected by the activation status of neutrophils in blood and sputum. We obtained peripheral blood and induced sputum from 21 asthma patients and stratified our samples based on sputum eosinophilia resulting in two groups (>3% eosinophils: n = 13, <3%: n = 8). Eosinophils and neutrophils from blood and sputum were analysed for expression of activation and degranulation markers by flow cytometry. Data were analysed by both classical, non-parametric statistics and a multi-dimensional approach, using principal component analysis (PCA). Patients with sputum eosinophilia were characterized by increased asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores and blood eosinophil counts. Both sputum neutrophils and eosinophils displayed an activated and degranulated phenotype compared to cells obtained from blood. Specifically, degranulation of all granule types was detected in sputum cells, combined with an increased expression of the activation markers (activated) Mac-1 (CD11b), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (CD274) and a decreased expression of CD62L. CD69 expression was only increased on sputum eosinophils. Surface marker expression of neutrophils was similar in the presence or absence of eosinophilia, either by single or multi-dimensional analysis. Sputum neutrophils were highly activated and degranulated irrespective of sputum eosinophilia. Therefore, we conclude that differences in granulocyte activation in sputum and/or blood are not associated with clinical differences in the two groups of asthma patients. The finding of PD-L1 expression on sputum granulocytes suggests an immunomodulatory role of these cells in the tissue.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Asthma', 'B7-H1 Antigen', 'CD11b Antigen', 'Cell Survival', 'Eosinophilia', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'L-Selectin', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophil Activation', 'Neutrophils', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Sputum']
| 26,148,992
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D12.776.465.625', 'D12.776.467.150.300', 'D12.776.543.095.300', 'D23.050.301.285.400', 'D23.529.168.300'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074.750', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.150', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.062', 'D23.050.301.350.074.049'], ['G04.346'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.395.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.503.843.510', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.903', 'D23.050.301.350.625.903', 'D23.050.301.350.700.510'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G12.604'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['A12.200.808']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gambler Risk Perception: A Mental Model and Grounded Theory Analysis.
|
Few studies have investigated how gamblers perceive risk or the role of risk perception in disordered gambling. The purpose of the current study therefore was to obtain data on lay gamblers' beliefs on these variables and their effects on decision-making, behaviour, and disordered gambling aetiology. Fifteen regular lay gamblers (non-problem/low risk, moderate risk and problem gamblers) completed a semi-structured interview following mental models and grounded theory methodologies. Gambler interview data was compared to an expert 'map' of risk-perception, to identify comparative gaps or differences associated with harmful or safe gambling. Systematic overlapping processes of data gathering and analysis were used to iteratively extend, saturate, test for exception, and verify concepts and themes emerging from the data. The preliminary findings suggested that gambler accounts supported the presence of expert conceptual constructs, and to some degree the role of risk perception in protecting against or increasing vulnerability to harm and disordered gambling. Gambler accounts of causality, meaning, motivation, and strategy were highly idiosyncratic, and often contained content inconsistent with measures of disordered gambling. Disordered gambling appears heavily influenced by relative underestimation of risk and overvaluation of gambling, based on explicit and implicit analysis, and deliberate, innate, contextual, and learned processing evaluations and biases.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Deception', 'Decision Making', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Gambling', 'Grounded Theory', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Psychological', 'Motivation', 'Risk Factors', 'Risk-Taking']
| 24,402,720
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['F01.145.813.157'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['H01.770.644.241.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.722']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Raised plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and -3 in marmosets with acute aortic stenosis: no relation to the renin-angiotensin system.
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Plasma levels of endothelin (ET), plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured in anaesthetized marmosets exposed to acute aortic stenosis proximal to the renal arteries. In vehicle experiments, ET rose from 5 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 4 pg ml-1, PRA from 5 +/- 2 to 99 +/- 21 ng ml-1 h-1 and Ang II from 21 +/- 4 to 213 +/- 76 pg ml-1. Administration of renin inhibitor and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor reduced PRA and Ang II to control levels, while the plasma levels of ET increased further (51 +/- 10 and 71 +/- 16 pg ml-1, respectively). During aortic stenosis the two isoforms ET-1 and ET-3 appeared in the circulation, while in conscious control animals only ET-1 was found. It is concluded that the increased plasma levels of ET in our primate model could not be ascribed to the increased circulating levels of PRA and Ang II.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Blood Pressure', 'Callithrix', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Enalaprilat', 'Endothelins', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Male', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Renin', 'Renin-Angiotensin System']
| 1,345,144
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.150.150.114'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.644.456.345.360.300'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['G02.640'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['G03.820', 'G09.330.380.813']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of communicator weight on psychoeducational message acceptance in females with high vs. low levels of body image disturbance.
|
Researchers have yet to examine the effect of the communicator's weight status on participants' responses to an eating disorder or body dissatisfaction prevention program. It is plausible that participants may be reactive to the weight of the communicator (e.g., therapist), which might adversely affect acceptance of the message contained in the program. In the current study, 217 college females were randomly assigned to three communicator weight conditions (underweight, average weight, and overweight). Participants in each group were subdivided by trait body dissatisfaction level, based on a median split. The procedure involved the implementation of a well-established psychoeducational intervention designed to decrease endorsement of the thin-ideal. Results supported the overall efficacy of the intervention but indicated a minimal effect for participant's trait dissatisfaction level and communicator weight status on a variety of outcome measures. Limitations of the current study are provided, as well as recommendations for future research.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude', 'Body Image', 'Body Weight', 'Counseling', 'Feeding and Eating Disorders', 'Female', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Job Application', 'Prejudice', 'Students', 'Treatment Outcome', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 15,854,871
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['F03.400'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.677.400'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['M01.848'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detergent enema: a cause of caustic colitis.
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A 5-year-old boy developed acute colitis followed by stricture formation as a result of a detergent enema. The acute phase of the caustic induced colitis was reproduced in the dog and the rat using full strength and diluted detergent enemas. The severity of the experimental colitis was shown to be directly related to the concentration of the detergent.
|
['Animals', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colitis', 'Colon', 'Detergents', 'Dogs', 'Enema', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rats']
| 927,976
|
[['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Robot-assisted liver surgery in a general surgery unit with a "Referral Centre Hub&Spoke Learning Program". Early outcomes after our first 70 consecutive patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate safety, feasibility and short-term outcomes of our first 70 consecutive patients treated by robotic-assisted liver resection after a reversal proctoring between a high HPB volume centre and our well-trained center in minimally invasive General Surgery. Six surgeons were involved in this Hub&Spoke learning program.METHODS: From September 2012 to December 2016, 70 patients underwent robotic-assisted liver resections (RALR). We treated 18 patients affected by colorectal and gastric cancer with synchronous liver lesions suspected for metastases in a one-stage robotic-assisted procedure. For the first 20 procedures we had a tutor in the operatory room, who was present also in the next most difficult procedures.RESULTS: The 30- and 90-day mortality rate was zero with an overall morbidity rate of 10.1%. Associated surgical procedures were performed in about 65,7% of patients. The observed conversion rate was 10%. The results of the first 20 cases were similar to the next 50 showing a shortned learning curve.CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive robot-assisted liver resection is a safe technique; it allows overcoming many limits of conventional laparoscopy. This innovative, time-enduring Hub&Spoke may allow patients to undergo a proper standard of care also for complex surgical procedures, without the need of reaching referral centres.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Robotic Surgical Procedures', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,795,060
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.749.500', 'J01.897.104.834.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Intestinal microbiocenosis in children with intestinal enzymopathy].
|
141 children with different kinds of intestinal enzymopathy were examined; of these, 33 had celiac disease, 39--the syndrome of celiac disease, 12--congenital lactase deficiency and 57--the syndrome of disaccharidase insufficiency. In these patients a significant decrease in the average characteristics of the main protective flora and the growth of hemolytic and lactose-negative enterobacteria were established. In all groups of patients increased amounts of Proteus were detected, which was indicative of profound dysbiosis. The content of bifidobacteria was found to be decreased in 89.5-97% of the patients and the content of lactic acid bacteria, in 15.8-33.3%. The decreased content of Escherichia coli with normal enzymatic activity (less than 10(7) colony-forming units) was noted in one-third of the patients with the syndrome of celiac disease and congenital lactase deficiency, in about a half of the patients with the syndrome of disaccharidase insufficiency and least of all in patients with celiac disease (9.1%). The association of opportunistic microbes was detected in 15.6% of the patients, more often in those with celiac disease, the syndrome of celiac disease and congenital lactase deficiency. The severity of disturbances in intestinal eubiosis was found to depend on the gravity of the patients' state.
|
['Celiac Disease', 'Child', 'Disaccharidases', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Lactase', 'Syndrome', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 11,550,576
|
[['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D08.811.277.450.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100.500'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Urinary tract infection in infants and children evaluated by ultrasound.
|
Fifty-nine pediatric patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) underwent renal ultrasonography, excretory urography, and voiding cystourethrography. The imaging procedures were analyzed retrospectively to determine their relative effectiveness in detecting abnormalities that might predispose the patient to UTI. Voiding cystourethrography provided valuable information, particularly the presence or absence of vesicoureteral reflux, that could not be obtained from the other procedures. Excretory urography was less specific than ultrasonography in the majority of patients, with the exception of those who had renal scarring. The authors recommended ultrasonography as the initial imaging procedure in the evaluation of children with UTI. When the sonogram is normal, excretory urography is not considered necessary, but voiding cystourethrography is thought to be essential. If sonography is abnormal, excretory urography and/or other follow-up studies are indicated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ureter', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Tract', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urination', 'Urography', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 3,880,909
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['A05.810.776'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['A05.810.890'], ['A05.810'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['G08.852.880'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Skin disease in HIV-positive persons living in Puerto Rico.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of skin disease in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to validate the agreement of self-reported skin condition(s) versus objective data obtained by physical examination, and to describe the characteristics of HIV-positive persons with skin disease in Puerto Rico.DESIGN: Descriptive correlational design.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-five HIV-positive adults in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Ninety-five adults who were HIV-positive participated.RESULTS: Ninety (94.7%) participants had skin disease and/or signs or symptoms suggestive of disease. Diseases most often reported were onychomycosis (n=16; 17.8%) and nongenital warts (n=11; 12.2%). Signs and symptoms reported were dryness (n=59; 65.6%), itch (n=58; 64.4%), erythema (n=30; 33.3%), induration (n=13; 14.4%), postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (n=9; 10.0%), and excoriation (n=9; 10.0%). Kappa index confirmed the relationship between self-reported skin condition or signs and symptoms and the diagnosis of a skin disease by the physician (k=.42). Positive predictive value was 97.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.7%-100%). Condyloma acuminata was associated with male gender (chi2=4.09, P=.043). Tinea pedis (P=.0215), excoriations (P=.002), and prurigo nodularis (P=.0096) were associated with having a low CD4 cell count.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that persons infected with HIV can identify significant skin manifestations that are associated with the diagnosis of a skin disease. This validates the use of self-reporting of skin conditions in these patients and points to the importance of educating patients and providers to report patient skin problems. Although the high prevalence of skin disease found in this study population supports a need for improving dermatologic care in HIV-infected patients, the findings of such prevalent cutaneous disease can also provide caretakers with ample evidence to suspect and, therefore, test for HIV infection.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Puerto Rico', 'Skin Diseases']
| 17,473,721
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.084.900.750', 'Z01.639.880.750'], ['C17.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Single-stage revision from gastric band to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy: 6- and 12-month outcomes.
|
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is increasingly requiring revisional surgery for complications and failures. Removal of the band and conversion to either laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is feasible as a single-stage procedure. The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of single-stage revision from LAGB to either LRYGB or LSG at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing single-stage revision between 2009 and 2014 at a single academic medical center. Patients were reassessed for weight loss and complications at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.RESULTS: Thirty-two patients underwent single-stage revision to LRYGB, and 72 to LSG. Preoperative BMIs were similar between the two groups (p = 0.27). Median length of stay for LRYGB was 3 days versus 2 for LSG (p = 0.14). Four patients in the LRYGB group required reoperation within 30 days, and two patients in the LSG group required reoperation within 30 days (p = 0.15). There was no difference in ER visits (p = 0.24) or readmission rates (p = 0.80) within 30 days of operation. Six delayed complications were seen in the LSG group with three requiring intervention. At 6 months postoperatively, percent excess weight loss (%EWL) was 50.20 for LRYGB and 30.64 for LSG (p = 0.056). At 12 months, %EWL was 51.19 for LRYGB and 34.89 for LSG (p = 0.31). There was no difference in diabetes or hypertension medication reduction at 12 months between LRYGB and LSG (p > 0.07).CONCLUSION: Single-stage revision from LAGB to LRYGB or LSG is technically feasible, but not without complications. The complications in the bypass group were more severe. There was no difference in readmission or reoperation rates, weight loss or comorbidity reduction. Revision to LRYGB trended toward higher rate and greater severity of complications with equivalent weight loss and comorbidity reduction.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Gastric Bypass', 'Gastroplasty', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Weight Loss']
| 26,335,074
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E04.210.419'], ['E02.650.500.062.249', 'E04.035.398.385', 'E04.062.249', 'E04.210.457.430'], ['E02.650.500.062.750', 'E04.062.750', 'E04.210.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rd in rats with TNBS-induced recurrent ulcerative colitis.
|
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress and neutrophil infiltration. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) in rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced recurrent UC. After UC was twice-induced by intracolonic injection of TNBS, rats were intragastrically administered different doses of GRd per day for 7 days. The colonic lesions and inflammation were evaluated both histologically and biochemically. Compared with the TNBS group, GRd treatment facilitated recovery of pathologic changes in the colon after induction of recurrent UC, as evidenced by a significant reduction of colonic weight/length ratio and macroscopic and microscopic damage scores (p < 0.01). The myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities with malonyldialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in colonic tissues were significantly decreased in the GRd group compared with those in the TNBS group (p < 0.01). GRd treatment was associated with remarkably increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Results showed a valuable effect of GRd against TNBS-induced recurrent UC by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and promoting the antioxidant capacity of the damaged colonic tissue.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Biomarkers', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Colon', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Ginsenosides', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Peroxidase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Recurrence', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Time Factors', 'Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid']
| 22,864,746
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D23.101'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['D02.455.849.919.277', 'D09.408.782.300'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D02.047.700'], ['G12.632'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565.880.880', 'D02.640.529.880.900', 'D02.886.645.600.080.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura with a large tumor embolus in the left atrium: an autopsy case.
|
Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura often involves the heart but seldom invades the intracardiac cavity. We report a 78-year-old woman with right pleural mesothelioma who died of heart failure. An autopsy revealed that the tumor was present at the right pleura and invaded the right upper lobe of the lung and the mediastinum. The tumor also extended to the left atrium via the right pulmonary vein and filled the atrial cavity. Repeated transthoracic echocardiography failed to detect the tumor, but magnetic resonance imaging was useful for diagnosis.
|
['Aged', 'Autopsy', 'Echocardiography', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mediastinal Neoplasms', 'Mesothelioma', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,711,890
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C04.588.894.309', 'C14.280.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.894.479', 'C08.846.187.580'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Associations of dietary patterns with bone mass, muscle strength and balance in a cohort of Australian middle-aged women.
|
Influences of dietary patterns on musculoskeletal health are poorly understood in middle-aged women. This cross-sectional analysis from a cohort of 347 women (aged 36-57 years) aimed to examine associations between dietary patterns and musculoskeletal health outcomes in middle-aged women. Diet was measured by the Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ. Total body bone mineral content (TB BMC), femoral neck and lumbar spine bone density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), lower limbs muscle strength (LMS) and balance tests (timed up and go test, step test, functional reach test (FRT) and lateral reach test) were also measured. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and scores for each pattern generated using factor loadings with absolute values ?0·20. Associations between food pattern scores and musculoskeletal outcomes were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Healthy' (high consumption of a plant-based diet - vegetables, legumes, fruit, tomatoes, nuts, snacks, garlic, whole grains and low intake of high-fat dairy products), 'high protein, high fat' (red meats, poultry, processed meats, potatoes, cruciferous and dark-yellow vegetables, fish, chips, spirits and high-fat dairy products) and 'Processed foods' (high intakes of meat pies, hamburgers, beer, sweets, fruit juice, processed meats, snacks, spirits, pizza and low intake of cruciferous vegetables). After adjustment for confounders, Healthy pattern was positively associated with LMS, whereas Processed foods pattern was inversely associated with TB BMC and FRT. The associations were not significant after accounting for multiple comparisons. There were no associations with any other outcomes. These results suggest that maintaining a healthy diet could contribute to bone acquisition, muscle strength and balance in adult life. However, while they provide some support for further investigating dietary strategies for prevention of age-related loss of muscle and deterioration in balance, the exploratory nature of the analyses means that confirmation in longitudinal studies and/or trials with pre-specified hypotheses is needed.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adult', 'Australia', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bone Density', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dairy Products', 'Diet', 'Fabaceae', 'Female', 'Femur Neck', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fruit', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Micronutrients', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Strength', 'Postural Balance', 'Red Meat', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Vegetables']
| 28,990,541
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.300.350', 'J02.500.350'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.510'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D27.505.696.494', 'G07.203.300.681.500', 'J02.500.681.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['G07.203.300.600.813', 'J02.500.600.813'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Orbitofrontal volume deficit in schizophrenia and thought disorder.
|
Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) structural abnormality in schizophrenia has not been well characterized, probably due to marked anatomical variability and lack of consistent definitions. We previously reported OFC sulcogyral pattern alteration and its associations with social disturbance in schizophrenia, but OFC volume associations with psychopathology and cognition have not been investigated. We compared chronically treated schizophrenia patients with healthy control (HC) subjects, using a novel, reliable parcellation of OFC subregions and their association with cognition, especially the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and with schizophrenic psychopathology including thought disorder. Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and 25 age-matched HC subjects underwent MRI. OFC Regions of Interest (ROI) were manually delineated according to anatomical boundaries: Gyrus Rectus (GR); Middle Orbital Gyrus (MiOG); and Lateral Orbital Gyrus (LOG). The OFC sulcogyral pattern was also classified. Additionally, MiOG probability maps were created and compared between groups in a voxel-wise manner. Both groups underwent cognitive evaluations using the IGT, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Trail Making Test (TMT). An 11% bilaterally smaller MiOG volume was observed in schizophrenia, compared with HC (F(1,47) = 17.4, P = 0.0001). GR and LOG did not differ, although GR showed a rightward asymmetry in both groups (F(1,47) = 19.2, P < 0.0001). The smaller MiOG volume was independent of the OFC sulcogyral pattern, which differed in schizophrenia and HC (chi2 = 12.49, P = 0.002). A comparison of MiOG probability maps suggested that the anterior heteromodal region was more affected in the schizophrenia group than the posterior paralimbic region. In the schizophrenia group, a smaller left MiOG was strongly associated with worse 'positive formal thought disorder' (r = -0.638, P = 0.001), and a smaller right MiOG with a longer duration of the illness (r = -0.618, P = 0.002). While schizophrenics showed poorer performance than HC in the IGT, performance was not correlated with OFC volume. However, within the HC group, the larger the right hemisphere MiOG volume, the better the performance in the IGT (r = 0.541, P = 0.005), and the larger the left hemisphere volume, the faster the switching attention performance for the TMT, Trails B (r = -0.608, P = 0.003). The present study, applying a new anatomical parcellation method, demonstrated a subregion-specific OFC grey matter volume deficit in patients with schizophrenia, which was independent of OFC sulcogyral pattern. This volume deficit was associated with a longer duration of illness and greater formal thought disorder. In HC the finding of a quantitative association between OFC volume and IGT performance constitutes, to our knowledge, the first report of this association.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Choice Behavior', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Gambling', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Time Factors']
| 18,056,163
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Paradoxical effects of phosphate to directly regulate the level of skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity in human osteosarcoma (SaOS-2) cells and inversely regulate the level of skeletal alkaline phosphatase mRNA.
|
Recent studies indicate that the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in human osteoblast-line cells is proportional to the concentration of phosphate in the culture medium. The current studies were intended to extend those observations and to determine whether the effects of phosphate (and phosphate esters and analogs) to alter the cellular level of ALP activity, in human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells, reflected regulation at the level of transcription. Consistent with previous findings, we found direct, time- and dose-dependent correlations between the concentration of phosphate and the amount of ALP activity/mg cell protein (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, we also found a negative correlation between the phosphate concentration in the medium and the level of skeletal ALP mRNA (e.g., r = -0.98, P < 0.01 at 24 hours). As the highest cellular levels of skeletal ALP activity were associated with the lowest levels of ALP mRNA, these data indicated that the phosphate-dependent increase in ALP activity was not mediated by an increase in transcription and, conversely, that the effect of phosphate withdrawal to decrease ALP activity was not mediated by a decrease in transcription.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glycerophosphates', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Phosphates', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,736,325
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.800.875.750', 'D09.853.875.750', 'D09.894.299', 'D10.570.755.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is There a Priority Shift in Mental Health Clinical Trials?
|
Mental health is the largest cost driver of healthcare. ClinicalTrials.gov is a web-based registry of trials conducted in human participants worldwide and serves as an important resource for both practice and research. We use the registry and dynamic topic modeling (DTM) methods to discover hidden topics and their evolution over last 17 years in trials in bipolar disorders. Our model suggests a "priority shift" from drugs to device and among populations studied in mental health trials. For example, transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment resistant depression (TMS for TRD) trials have increased (÷<sup>2</sup> = 52.99, p < 0.001, n = 187) while standardized drug safety and efficacy trials have remained constant (÷<sup>2</sup> = 0.72, p = 0.39, n = 101) and more trials focused on pediatric and adolescents (÷<sup>2</sup> = 2.98, p = 0.08, n = 133) may have been conducted since FDAAA 2007. We also derive unique data-driven insights in the discovered topic areas in this model based study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Child', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'Mental Health', 'Registries']
| 29,295,099
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.084.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Echocardiography and electrocardiography as means to evaluate potential performance in horses.
|
Prediction of potential performance is one of the goals of exercise physiology investigations. When Selecting a horse for competition, one of the main objectives is to choose the one that predictably will reveal a competitive aptitude above the average. The horses used in this study underwent a two-dimensional echocardiography study and a conventional 3 leads electrocardiogram. The results show that heart score is not an appropriate index to evaluate the heart size in the horse. On the other hand, there are currently more suitable and accurate procedures such as echocardiography that allow performing a clear anatomical evaluation and accurate measurement in order to calculate LVMM and to predict performance.
|
['Animals', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Predictive Value of Tests']
| 15,365,242
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lifestyle, cardiovascular risk knowledge and patient counselling among selected sub-Saharan African family physicians and trainees.
|
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are on the rise, and primary care physicians could facilitate the reversal of this trend through treatment and prevention strategies.AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physician lifestyle practices, CVD prevention knowledge and patient CVD counselling practices among family physicians (FPs) and family medicine (FM) trainees affiliated to FM colleges and organisations in SSA.SETTING: FPs and FM trainees affiliated to FM colleges and organisations in Anglophone SSA.METHODS: A web-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using validated, self-administered questionnaires. Following collation of responses, the relationship between the participants' CVD prevention knowledge, lifestyle practices and CVD counselling rates was assessed.RESULTS: Of the 174 participants (53% response rate), 83% were married, 51% were females and the mean age was 39.2 (standard deviation [SD] 7.6) years. Most of the participants responded accurately to the CVD prevention knowledge items, but few had accurate responses on prioritising care by 10-year risk. Most participants had less than optimal lifestyle practices except for smoking, vegetable or fruit ingestion and sleep habits. Most participants (65%) usually counselled patients on nutrition, but less frequently on weight management, exercise, smoking and alcohol. The region of practice and physicians with poor lifestyle were predictive of patient counselling rates.CONCLUSION: Training on patient counselling and self-awareness for CVD prevention may influence patient counselling practice. Promoting quality training on patient counselling among FPs as well as a healthy self-awareness for CVD prevention is thus needed. The complex relationship between physician lifestyle and patient counselling warrants further study.
|
['Adult', 'Africa South of the Sahara', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Counseling', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Middle Aged', 'Physicians, Family', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 31,038,332
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290'], ['C14'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nutritional effects of egg shell membrane supplements on chicken performance and immunity.
|
Eggshell membranes (ESM) contain a variety of proteins and peptides which help in the development of embryo and provide protection to it. Many of the peptides and proteins associated with ESM have antimicrobial, immune-modulatory, and adjuvant properties. We hypothesized that the membrane byproducts from egg, provided as posthatch nutritional supplements to chickens, may improve their performance and immunity. To explore its effect, we fed 3 groups of broiler chicks with feed containing 0, 0.2, and 0.4% ESM from d 1 posthatch through 14 d and regular feed thereafter. The birds were individually weighed at the onset of the study and at weekly intervals until the termination at third wk when they were bled and euthanized. The relative weights of liver, spleen, bursa, and heart, hematology profiles, and clinical chemistry variables including serum IgM, IgG, and corticosterone concentrations were measured. The chickens in the ESM treated groups showed a statistically significant increase in BW with no impact on relative organ weights. Compared with controls, the WBC and lymphocyte percentage increased in chickens fed 0.4% ESM whereas the monocyte percentage decreased at both levels of ESM. Except for the serum protein which increased in ESM fed birds no other metabolic clinical chemistry variables showed any significant change. Both IgM and IgG(Y) levels were elevated and corticosterone levels reduced in chickens fed ESM supplemented diets. Our results suggest that ESM supplements during the early phases of growth may improve immunity and stress variables, and enhance their growth performance without any detrimental effect on other physiological parameters.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Egg Shell', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Male']
| 25,840,966
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['A13.316'], ['G12.450.564']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
WICH, a novel verprolin homology domain-containing protein that functions cooperatively with N-WASP in actin-microspike formation.
|
We describe a novel protein that contains a verprolin-homology (V) region, through which several actin-regulating proteins, including Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family members, bind directly to actin. The amino acid sequence is homologous to the sequences of WASP-interacting protein (WIP) and CR16, both of which associate with WASP and/or N-WASP, and thus these three proteins constitute a new protein family. We named the protein WICH (WIP- and CR16-homologous protein). WICH associates strongly with N-WASP but only weakly with WASP via its C-terminal WASP-interacting (W) region. Ectopic expression of WICH induces actin-microspike formation through cooperation with N-WASP. In addition, expression of the W fragment of WICH suppresses microspike formation induced by N-WASP, indicating an essential role for WICH in N-WASP-induced microspike formation.
|
['Actins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Organ Specificity', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Pseudopodia', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal']
| 11,829,459
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D12.776.354'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['A11.284.180.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D05.750.078.730.912.550', 'D12.776.220.525.912.550']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrasound-enhanced optical coherence tomography: improved penetration and resolution.
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Increasing penetration remains one of the most important issues in optical coherence tomography (OCT) research, which we achieved with a parallel ultrasound beam. In addition to qualitative improvements of tissue imaging, quantitative improvements in resolution of up to 28%+/-2% was noted. At lower frequencies and energies the improvement occurred primarily by altering the detection of multiply scattered light (photon-phonon interaction), which was substantially greater in solids than in liquids (even though the liquid had the higher scattering coefficient). In conclusion, the use of an ultrasound beam with OCT appears the most effective means to date for increasing imaging penetration.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Image Enhancement', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Ultrasonography']
| 18,382,493
|
[['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Results of endoscopic ultrasonography in the preoperative assessment of rectal cancer].
|
Endoscopic transrectal ultrasonography is performed with an ultrasonic transducer (7.5 MHz or 12 MHz) in the tip of a side viewing endoscope. Its accuracy to assess the depth of rectal cancer invasion was prospectively studied in 27 patients. The ultrasonic examination was correct in 23 cases; in 4 cases, the stricturing tumour could not be passed by the probe. The depth of invasion was correctly appreciated in 24 of the 27 cases (accuracy of 89%). The 6 superficial lesions were all correctly detected with endoscopic transrectal ultrasonography. Therefore, endoscopic transrectal ultrasonography appears to be a very promising method in the pretherapeutic staging of rectal cancer.
|
['Aged', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,241,075
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Strategies of schedule preference in chimpanzees.
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Two chimpanzees were required to choose between a fixed-ratio schedule and a progressive-ratio schedule which increased in response requirement by 20 responses each time it was chosen. Each choice of the fixed ratio reset the progressive ratio to its minimum value. The fixed-ratio requirement was varied from 40 to 1000 responses. The subjects' preferences for the progressive-ratio schedule varied as a function of the magnitude of the fixed-ratio requirement. An analysis of the preference data indicated that the animals tended to minimize reinforcement cost rather than match the progressive-ratio requirement to the fixed-ratio requirement. In a second experiment, selection of the fixed ratio did not reset the progressive-ratio requirement to its minimum value. In this case, the animals matched the progressive-ratio requirement to the fixed-ratio requirement. A model based on reinforcement cost is presented which permits accurate prediction of preferences between fixed and progressively increasing ratio schedules.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Hominidae', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Reaction Time', 'Reinforcement Schedule', 'Reinforcement, Psychology']
| 6,080,827
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.425.770.644'], ['F02.463.425.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental infection of chickens with Ancylostoma caninum: migration and distribution of larvae in tissues.
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Two hundred one-day-old male white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus) divided into 4 groups were inoculated with a single dose of 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 filariform larvae of Ancylostoma caninum. Larval recoveries were made from different tissues at intervals from 4 hours to 72 hours after infection. Larval migration in the heart took place within 4 hours in all the groups except group A with 500 larvae and in thoracic muscle at 8 hours. Larvae also migrated into liver, lungs and neck muscle within 12 hours and into leg muscle at 18 hours. No larvae were recovered from the muscles after 72 hours of infection. Larvae did not migrate into kidney, spleen and central nervous system throughout the experimental period.
|
['Ancylostoma', 'Ancylostomiasis', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Heart', 'Larva', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Muscles']
| 7,410,806
|
[['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968.100.100'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.775.455.154'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A07.541'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bilateral childhood visual impairment: child and parent concerns.
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PURPOSE: To identify specific health-related quality of life and visual function concerns affecting children with bilateral visual impairment as expressed by children or one of their parents (proxy) and concerns affecting the parents themselves.METHODS: A total of 37 children <16 years of age with visual impairment (visual acuity worse than 20/70 in the better eye) and one parent for each child were prospectively enrolled. Semistructured individual interviews were performed with children 5-15 years of age (n = 16) and with one parent for each child (ages 0-15 years, N = 37). Interview transcripts were analyzed using NVivo software. Categories of concern were identified from both child and parent interviews, from which broad themes were identified. The frequencies of the themes and specific categories of concerns were calculated.RESULTS: Regarding the child's experience, categories of concern were grouped into 6 themes: visual function (expressed by 13 of 16 children [81%] and 33 of 37 parents [89%]), treatment (63% and 54%), emotions (50% and 68%), social (50% and 70%), physical discomfort (50% and 22%), and worry (38% and 8%). Concerns expressed regarding the parents' own experience were grouped into 5 themes: worry (100%), compensate-adjust for condition (89%), treatment (84%), emotions (81%), and affects family (46%).CONCLUSIONS: Individual interviews identified a wide spectrum of concerns in children with visual impairment and their parents, affecting functional, emotional, social and physical domains. Specific concerns will be used to develop patient-derived questionnaires for quantifying the effects of visual impairment on children and parents in everyday life.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parents', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychology, Child', 'Quality of Life', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Vision Disorders', 'Visually Impaired Persons', 'Young Adult']
| 28,527,654
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.096.628.193'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.730', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.730', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941'], ['M01.150.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Clinical effects of nitrous oxide and oxygen mixtures at sea-level and at 1700 metres altitude.
|
The effects of nitrous oxide, at sea-level and at an altitude of 1700 m, were assessed on a subjective and objective basis. Only marginal differences were shown between the effects of the gas at sea-level and 1700 m. Since consciousness was impaired with 60 and 70% nitrous oxide it is suggested that the use of Entonox-oxygen mixtures should be considered for single-handed operators.
|
['Adult', 'Altitude', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Consciousness', 'Humans', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Oxygen']
| 532,921
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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[Experiences with perioperative short-term prevention in thoracic wall and colorectal surgery in children].
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This is a report on prophylaxis with antibiotics in chest wall deformities and colorectal surgery in childhood. The analysis shows a significant reduction of wound infections and general infections after administration of Cefamandol (150 mg/kg in 4 doses) or Cefotaxim (100 mg/kg in 3 doses) and Metronidazol (25 mg/kg in 3 doses) for one day only, starting one hour before operation. The positive effect of prophylaxis with antibiotics in these operations is compared with results in the literature.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Child', 'Colon', 'Humans', 'Premedication', 'Rectum', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Thoracic Surgery']
| 6,730,698
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.703'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['H02.403.810.803']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol and its application to the study on the origin of homochirality.
|
CONSPECTUS: Amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee) is a key feature for the chemical evolution of biological homochirality from the origin of chirality. We describe the amplification of ee in the asymmetric autocatalysis of 5-pyrimidyl alkanols in the reaction between diisopropylzinc (i-Pr2Zn) and pyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes. During the reaction, an extremely low ee (ca. 0.00005% ee) can be amplified to >99.5% ee, and therefore, the initial slightly major enantiomer is automultiplied by a factor of ca. 630000, while the initial slightly minor enantiomer is automultiplied by a factor of less than 1000. In addition, pyrimidyl alkanols with various substituents at the 2-position of the pyrimidine ring, 3-quinolyl alkanol, 5-carbamoyl-3-pyridyl alkanol, and large multifunctionalized pyrimidyl alkanols also act as highly efficient asymmetric autocatalysts in the addition of i-Pr2Zn to the corresponding aldehydes. The asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol can discriminate the chirality of various compounds. Chiral substances such as alcohols, amino acids, hydrocarbons, metal complexes, and heterogeneous chiral materials can act as chiral triggers for asymmetric autocatalysis to afford pyrimidyl alkanols with the corresponding absolute configuration of the initiator. This recognition ability of chiral compounds is extremely high, and chiral discrimination of a cryptochiral quaternary saturated hydrocarbon was established by applying asymmetric autocatalysis. By using the large amplification effect of the asymmetric autocatalysis, we can link various proposed origins of chirality with highly enantioenriched organic compounds in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis. Thus, a statistical fluctuation in ee of racemic compounds can be amplified to high ee by using asymmetric autocatalysis. Enantiomeric imbalance induced by irradiation of circularly polarized light can affect the enantioselectivity of asymmetric autocatalysis. The asymmetric autocatalysis was also triggered by the morphology of inorganic chiral crystals such as quartz, sodium chlorate, and cinnabar. Chiral organic crystals of achiral compounds also act as chiral initiators, and during the study of a crystal of cytosine, enantioselective chiral crystal phase transformation of the cytosine crystal was achieved by removal of the water of crystallization in an achiral monohydrate crystal. Enantioselective C-C bond formation was realized on the surfaces of achiral single crystals based on the oriented prochirality of achiral aldehydes. Furthermore, asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanols is a highly sensitive reaction that can recognize and amplify the significantly small effect of a chiral compound arising solely from isotope substitution of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen (D/H, (13)C/(12)C, and (18)O/(16)O). These examples show that asymmetric autocatalysis with an amplification of chirality is a powerful tool for correlating the origin of chirality with highly enantioenriched organic compounds. Asymmetric autocatalysis using two â-amino alcohols reveals a reversal of enantioselectivity in the addition of i-Pr2Zn to aldehyde and is one approach toward understanding the mechanism of asymmetric dialkylzinc addition, where heteroaggregates act as the catalytic species.
|
['Alcohols', 'Aldehydes', 'Catalysis', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrimidines', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 25,511,374
|
[['D02.033'], ['D02.047'], ['G02.130'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.742'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fasciculation potentials in high-density surface EMG.
|
Fasciculation potentials (FPs) are observed in healthy individuals, but also in patients with neurogenic disorders. The exact site of origin and the clinical relevance in distinguishing, for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from other neurogenic diseases based on specific characteristics of the FPs is still a matter of debate and needs further exploration. This report describes the use of high-density surface EMG (HD-sEMG), with multiple electrodes in a compact grid to noninvasively record FPs. The technique provides both temporal and spatial information of fasciculations. Examples of the FPs of a patient diagnosed with definite ALS are presented. FPs are shown in different electrode montages and the unique spatial characteristics of different FPs are presented. During 30-second recordings, 137 FPs were detected that via a decomposition algorithm could be assigned to 11 different underlying sources. It is concluded that HD-sEMG, both because of its noninvasive character and the unique spatiotemporal information, is very suitable to examine fasciculations. It allows long stable recording times and provides quantitative information. This electrophysiologic tool is expected to expand the existing knowledge of FP properties.
|
['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrodes', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Fasciculation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neural Conduction']
| 17,545,837
|
[['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['C10.597.613.250', 'C23.888.592.608.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oral efficacy of a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist in colitic cotton-top tamarins.
|
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent neutrophil activator and chemotaxin that is present in increased concentrations in the colonic tissue and rectal dialysates of acute ulcerative colitis patients. Cotton-top tamarins (CTTs) with confirmed active colitis were treated with the second generation LTB4 receptor antagonist, SC-53228 ((+)-(S)-7-[3-(2-cyclopropyl-methyl)-3-methoxy-4-[(methylamino) carbonyl]phenoxy]propoxy]-3,4-dihydro-8-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2- propanoic acid), 20 mg/kg bodyweight by gavage, twice daily for 56 days. End points were body weights, stool consistency, colonic endoscopy, assay of inflammatory mediators, and haematology and clinical chemistry tests. LTB4 and prostaglandin E (PGE) values were measured in rectal dialysates at pretreatment, 28 day and 56 day time points. LTB4 concentrations were reduced from pretreatment mean (SEM) values of 37.3 (0.8) ng/ml to 3.7 (0.8) ng/ml (p < 0.001) and 2.3 (0.5) ng/ml (p < 0.01) at days 28 and 56, respectively. On the other hand, mucosal protective PGE values remained constant or slightly increased during SC-53228 treatment (pre: 6.9 (2.2) ng/ml; day 28: 6.7 (1.4) ng/ml; day 56: 9.9 (1.6) ng/ml). Furthermore, assessment of a panel of 35 clinical chemistry and haematology parameters throughout the treatment showed there were no significant untoward effects of drug treatment. Six CCTs finished the eight week treatment and five of six gained weight (ranging from 27-121 grams each) while one CTT lost weight (50 g). Stool condition improved in five of six animals while one of six remained unchanged. All CCTs showed dramatic improvement histologically, with no or only minimally active colitis after treatment. The histological changes plus significant weight gains and improvement of stool condition (quality of life parameters) after eight weeks of SC-53228 treatment were remarkable. Furthermore, in follow up biopsies seven months after treatment ceased, three of six CTTs had no active colitis. This is the first time afflicted CTTs have not had recurring colitic exacerbations after a treatment regimen was stopped. It is concluded that in colitic CTTs, SC-53228 has shown both an immediate and a long acting anticolitic activity. It is also concluded that reduced LTB4 concentrations during treatment inhibited neutrophil infiltration of the colonic tissue and this, coupled with the maintenance of mucosal protective prostaglandins, contributed to the dramatic anticolitic efficacy. The treatment was safe over eight weeks. A compound such as SC-53228 may be useful in the medical treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.
|
['Animals', 'Feces', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Intestine, Large', 'Leukotriene B4', 'Monkey Diseases', 'Saguinus']
| 8,549,949
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.459'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['A03.556.124.526', 'A03.556.249.249'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.411', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.411', 'D23.469.050.175.450.415'], ['C22.735.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.150.150.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Compositional Analysis of Genetically Engineered GR2E "Golden Rice" in Comparison to That of Conventional Rice.
|
Compositional analyses were performed on samples of rice grain, straw, and derived bran obtained from golden rice event GR2E and near-isogenic control PSBRc82 rice grown at four locations in the Philippines during 2015 and 2016. Grain samples were analyzed for key nutritional components, including proximates, fiber, polysaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and antinutrients. Samples of straw and bran were analyzed for proximates and minerals. The only biologically meaningful difference between GR2E and control rice was in levels of â-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids in the grain. Except for â-carotene and related carotenoids, the compositional parameters of GR2E rice were within the range of natural variability of those components in conventional rice varieties with a history of safe consumption. Mean provitamin A concentrations in milled rice of GR2E can contribute up to 89-113% and 57-99% of the estimated average requirement for vitamin A for preschool children in Bangladesh and the Philippines, respectively.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Bangladesh', 'Fatty Acids', 'Food, Genetically Modified', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Nutritive Value', 'Oryza', 'Philippines', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Provitamins', 'Seeds', 'Vitamin A', 'beta Carotene']
| 31,282,158
|
[['D12.125'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['D10.251'], ['G07.203.300.518', 'J02.500.518'], ['E05.393.420'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['Z01.252.145.671', 'Z01.639.790'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D27.505.696.494.600.354', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600.500', 'J02.500.681.500.600.500'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.123', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.050', 'D02.455.849.131.123', 'D23.767.261.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Direct transmission of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) between cats exhibiting social behaviour.
|
A study design was created to assess the potential for fleas to infest cats directly from other cats. In the first experiment, six cats were infested with 100 fleas each and then immediately put in contact with six flea-free cats for 24 h. After removal of all fleas the study was repeated and the contact between cats lasted 48 h. The total numbers of fleas recovered out of the 600 fleas deposited on the 6 donor cats after each infestation were 499 and 486 at 24 h and 48 h respectively. At 1 h post-contact, five fleas were found on the receiver cats, with three cats having one flea and one cat, two fleas. The number of fleas recovered on receiver cats increased towards the end of the study. At 24 h, 20% of the fleas were found on the receiver cats, and at 48 h, 23%. In a second experiment, the six flea-free cats were put in contact with the six donor cats which were each infested by 100 fleas 48 h before. Fewer fleas were found on the receiver cats (n = 15), representing 3.8% of all fleas recovered (n = 403). All the observed fleas had fed. The fleas collected on receiving cats comprised 10 males and 5 females, and 4 of the 5 females were engorged and contained eggs. The fleas collected on donor cats comprised 153 males and 235 females, they were all fed and all females contained eggs. This experiment demonstrated that gravid female fleas have a tendency to become permanently but not exclusively parasitic. Nevertheless, a few can change their cat host in as little as 1 h, which may play a role in the rapid introduction of a new flea population into a cat environment.
|
['Animals', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Ctenocephalides', 'Female', 'Flea Infestations', 'Male', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Behavior']
| 24,309,021
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.968.200'], ['C01.610.858.211.250'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Smelling the metal: Volatile organic compound emission under Zn excess in the mint Tetradenia riparia.
|
This work investigated the effect of Zn excess on growth, metal accumulation and photosynthetic changes in Tetradenia riparia, in relation to possible variations in the composition of the plant volatilome. Experiments were carried out in hydroponics exposing plants to a range of Zn concentrations. Zinc excess negatively affected plant growth in a dose-dependent manner. The metal was accumulated proportionally to its concentration in the medium and preferentially allocated to roots. All the photosynthetic parameters and the concentration of some photosynthetic pigments were negatively affected by Zn, whereas the level of leaf total soluble sugars remained unchanged. Twenty-three different VOCs were identified in the plant volatilome. Each compound was emitted at a different level and intensity of emission was manifold increased by the presence of Zn in the growth medium. The Zn-induced compounds could represent both an adaptive response (f.i. methanol, acetylene, C6-aldehydes, isoprene, terpenes) and a damage by-product (f.i. propanal, acetaldehyde, alkyl fragments) of the metal presence in the culture medium. Given that the Zn-mediated induction of those VOCs, considered protective, occurred even under a Zn-limited photosynthetic capacity, our work supports the hypothesis of an active role of such molecules in an adaptive plant response to trace metal stress.
|
['Carotenoids', 'Chlorophyll', 'Lamiaceae', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Leaves', 'Volatile Organic Compounds', 'Zinc']
| 29,650,146
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D02.974'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microbial coexistence through chemical-mediated interactions.
|
Many microbial functions happen within communities of interacting species. Explaining how species with disparate growth rates can coexist is important for applications such as manipulating host-associated microbiota or engineering industrial communities. Here, we ask how microbes interacting through their chemical environment can achieve coexistence in a continuous growth setup (similar to an industrial bioreactor or gut microbiota) where external resources are being supplied. We formulate and experimentally constrain a model in which mediators of interactions (e.g. metabolites or waste-products) are explicitly incorporated. Our model highlights facilitation and self-restraint as interactions that contribute to coexistence, consistent with our intuition. When interactions are strong, we observe that coexistence is determined primarily by the topology of facilitation and inhibition influences not their strengths. Importantly, we show that consumption or degradation of chemical mediators moderates interaction strengths and promotes coexistence. Our results offer insights into how to build or restructure microbial communities of interest.
|
['Brevibacillus', 'Escherichia coli', 'Microbial Interactions', 'Microbiota', 'Models, Biological', 'Staphylococcus']
| 31,053,707
|
[['B03.300.390.400.160', 'B03.353.500.117', 'B03.510.100.117', 'B03.510.415.400.179', 'B03.510.460.410.165'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G06.550'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Seizure after intrathecal baclofen bolus in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with oxcarbazepine.
|
Epileptic seizures associated with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) application have been observed in patients with traumatic brain injury. A higher incidence of seizures has also been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving ITB. To our knowledge, no case of a first epileptic seizure has been reported in the context of ITB bolus testing in MS. We report a 41-year-old female patient with primary progressive MS receiving olanzapine and oxcarbazepine for psychotic disorder. Five years prior she began to develop severe spastic quadriparesis, rendering her a candidate for ITB treatment. After ITB test bolus application, however, she experienced a first epileptic seizure. Our observation indicates that ITB may trigger seizures in patients with MS. The observed seizure occurred during ITB bolus testing despite antiepileptic co-medication, which concurs with previous reports suggesting that rapid changes in the dose of ITB may carry a higher risk of seizure induction.
|
['Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Baclofen', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Carbamazepine', 'Female', 'GABA-B Receptor Agonists', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive', 'Olanzapine', 'Oxcarbazepine', 'Seizures']
| 20,607,336
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350.100'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.200.750', 'D27.505.696.577.240.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['C10.114.375.500.200', 'C10.314.350.500.200', 'C20.111.258.250.500.200'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.738'], ['D03.633.300.240.127.500'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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The clinical value of Vav3 in peripheral blood for predicting lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Overexpression of Vav3, a gene involved in signal transduction, promotes invasion and inhibits apoptosis in several cancers. The clinical value of the protein product of this gene, Vav3, in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients is unknown. We hypothesised increased serum Vav3 that related to tissue levels and lymph node metastases. In addition, we further explored its clinical value in respect of linked molecules Rac-1, MMP-7 and ICAM-1 Methods: 120 gastric cancer patients who had radical surgery were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of Vav3, Rac-1, MMP-7 and ICAM-1 in gastric cancer mucosa and normal mucosa. ELISA was used to detect these proteins in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.RESULTS: Vav3, Rac-1 and MMP-7 (P < 0.001), but not ICAM-1 (P = 0.303) were more highly expressed by cancer tissues than normal gastric mucosa. Serum levels of all molecules were higher than those in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Levels of Vav3, Rac-1 and MMP-7 decreased 2 weeks postoperatively (all P < 0.001) but there was no change in ICAM-1 (P = 0.192). Similarly, increased levels of Vav3, Rac-1 and MMP-7 were present in patients with lymphatic metastasis than those without (all P < 0.001) but there was no difference in ICAM-1 levels (P = 0.378). There were positive correlations between Vav3 with Rac-1 and MMP-7 in cancer tissues (P < 0.001), and also between Vav3 and Rac-1 in pre-surgery blood (P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS: Vav3 in peripheral blood may serve as a biomarker for gastric cancer, and to predict the lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 7', 'Middle Aged', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'rac1 GTP-Binding Protein']
| 28,513,273
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.250', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.250', 'D12.644.276.848.250', 'D12.776.467.836.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.360.024.321', 'D12.644.360.325.300.099.750', 'D12.776.157.057.155', 'D12.776.476.024.407', 'D12.776.476.325.300.099.750', 'D12.776.624.664.700.198'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.100.500', 'D12.644.360.525.700.100.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.100.100', 'D12.776.476.525.700.100.100']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sirolimus-eluting vs uncoated stents for prevention of restenosis in small coronary arteries: a randomized trial.
|
CONTEXT: Percutaneous coronary revascularization of small vessels is associated with a high restenosis rate. Sirolimus-eluting stents reduce restenosis in simple and previously untreated lesions of large coronary arteries, but their outcomes in small vessels have not been adequately investigated.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sirolimus-eluting stents are associated with a reduced 8-month rate of angiographic restenosis in comparison with an uncoated stent.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: This was a randomized, multicenter, single-blind, prospective trial performed with 257 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization for ischemic heart disease, and who had a previously untreated atherosclerotic lesion located in a small segment with a diameter of 2.75 mm or less, in 20 Italian centers between August 2002 and December 2003.INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive a sirolimus-eluting stent (129 patients) or an uncoated stent having an identical architecture and radiographic appearance (128 patients).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was the 8-month binary in-segment restenosis rate; secondary end points included procedural success and the 8-month rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.RESULTS: The mean (SD) reference diameter of the treated segment was 2.2 (0.28) mm; the lesion length, 11.84 (6.15) mm. After 8 months, the binary in-segment restenosis rate was 53.1% (60/113) in the patients receiving an uncoated stent and 9.8% (12/123) in those receiving a sirolimus-eluting stent (relative risk [RR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.32; P<.001). Fewer patients randomized to sirolimus-eluting stents experienced major adverse cardiac events (12/129 [9.3%] vs 40/128 [31.3%]; RR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15-0.55; P<.001) mainly because of a reduction in target lesion revascularization (9/129 [7%] vs 27/128 [21.1%]; RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14-0.70; P = .002) and myocardial infarction (2/129 [1.6%] vs 10/129 [7.8%]; RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.01-0.93; P = .04).CONCLUSION: The use of sirolimus-eluting stents to treat atherosclerotic lesions in small coronary arteries reduces restenosis and may also reduce major adverse cardiac events.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Restenosis', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Sirolimus', 'Stents']
| 15,585,732
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['C14.280.647.250.285.200', 'C14.907.585.250.285.200'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The role of corticosteroid therapy following surgery for atrial fibrillation.
|
BACKGROUND: The objective of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of steroids therapy for patients who underwent surgery for chronic atrial fibrillation, with histologic findings of myocarditis.METHODS: Between April 1991 and July 2002, 144 patients underwent surgery for chronic atrial fibrillation at the time of other cardiac operations, at the Department of Cardiovascular surgery of the University of Bologna. Fragments of left and right appendages were provided for each patient for histologic study: In three patients myocarditis was identified and they were treated with steroid therapy until the postoperative day 60. We report here the case of our first successfully treated patient with a longer follow-up time.RESULTS: The patient was discharged on postoperative day 30, in sinus rhythm. At follow-up, 9 months after surgery, she was doing well and working full time; the ECG showed sinus rhythm, and echocardiography demonstrated biatrial contraction.CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, the histologic diagnosis of myocarditis allowed us to modify the therapeutic approach in patients who underwent surgery for atrial fibrillation, in which the addition of steroids to antiarrhythmic therapy, in the early postoperative period, is able to induce the recovery of sinus rhythm.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Amiodarone', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electric Countershock', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Stenosis', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Recurrence', 'Rheumatic Fever', 'Stroke Volume']
| 15,151,650
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E02.331.350'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.484.517'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731', 'C05.550.114.843', 'C05.799.825'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and antipsychotic medication in overweight inpatients with schizophrenia: post-hoc analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of metabolic disturbances compared with the general population. However, the mechanisms underlying the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in Japanese schizophrenia patients medicated with olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole monotherapy.METHODS: This study was a post-hoc analysis of a nationwide survey, which included 433 Japanese outpatients with schizophrenia and 674 inpatients. A brief questionnaire was compiled that covered demographic data, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol after reviewing the relevant literature and guidelines. To compare demographic and clinical characteristics, analysis of variance was performed for continuous variables and the chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. For comparisons of HDL-cholesterol levels among the three antipsychotic groups, analysis of covariance was carried out with age, diastolic blood pressure, chlorpromazine-equivalent dosage, and waist circumference as confounding variables after stratification by body mass index (BMI) for each outpatient group and inpatient group.RESULTS: The mean age was 57.9 ± 14.0 years and the mean BMI was 23.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2. HDL-cholesterol levels when stratified by BMI differed significantly (p = 0.019) between the three antipsychotic groups after age, diastolic blood pressure, chlorpromazine-equivalent dosage, and waist circumference in inpatients. A significant difference in HDL-cholesterol levels was only found in the overweight inpatient group, and no significant differences in HDL-cholesterol levels were found among the three antipsychotics for outpatients of all BMI stratifications or inpatients that were underweight or of normal weight. For post-hoc analysis of HDL-cholesterol levels in overweight inpatients, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the olanzapine group than in the aripiprazole group (p = 0.023).CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a difference in HDL-cholesterol levels in overweight Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia resulting from the use of different antipsychotics. In the post-hoc analysis of HDL-cholesterol levels in overweight inpatients, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the olanzapine group than in the aripiprazole group. Further studies incorporating more detailed evaluations, including diet and physical activity, are needed to clarify the differences in HDL-cholesterol according to antipsychotic use.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Aripiprazole', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Correlation of Data', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Olanzapine', 'Overweight', 'Prevalence', 'Risperidone', 'Schizophrenia', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Waist Circumference']
| 29,879,941
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D03.383.606.170', 'D03.633.100.810.835.122'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['H01.548.832.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.738'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D03.383.742.698.685'], ['F03.700.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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|
Spatial and temporal sensitivity degradation of primary visual cortical cells in senescent rhesus monkeys.
|
Human visual function declines with age. Much of this decline is mediated by changes in the central visual pathways. In this study we compared the spatial and temporal sensitivities of striate cortical cells in young and old paralysed macaque monkeys. Extracellular single-unit recordings were employed. Our results show that cortical neurons in old monkeys exhibit lower optimal spatial and temporal frequencies, lower spatial resolution and lower high temporal frequency cut-offs than do cells in young adult monkeys. These changes in old monkeys are accompanied by increased visually evoked responses, increased spontaneous activities and decreased signal-to-noise ratios. The increased excitability of cells in old animals is consistent with an age-related degeneration of intracortical inhibition. The degradation of spatial and temporal function in old striate cortex should contribute to the decline in visual function that accompanies normal aging.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Humans', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Visual Pathways', 'Visual Perception']
| 18,616,566
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['A08.612.220.860'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
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