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Prescription patterns in the elderly population--"new" versus "old" medical card holders.
|
INTRODUCTION: In July 2001, the GMS Scheme was extended to the whole elderly population aged 70 and over, permitting access to medical care services free of charge. We undertook a study to compare prescribing patterns between those relatively affluent people referred to as "new" over 70s with those relatively deprived people referred to as "old" over 70's, over the 18 months since the introduction of the scheme. Patients who had received a prescription for antibacterials, diuretics, psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, statins, b-blockers, antithrombolytics, antianaemic drugs and drugs for obstructive airway diseases, were identified over the 18 month period using the GMS database. We also compared the average defined daily dose (DDD) received per month for each of the therapies above.RESULTS: All therapies directed at treatment were significantly more likely to be prescribed to the old over 70's, such as the vasodilators (OR=1.59, 1.51-1.67), peptic ulcer drugs (OR=1.37, 1.33-1.43) and the antibacterials (OR=1.37, 1.33-1.41) with the exception of those associated with cardiovascular prevention; statins (OR=0.88, 0.85-0.92), beta-blockers (OR=0.95, 0.92-0.98) and antithrombolytics (OR=0.96, 0.93-0.99). The old over 70's received more prescriptions with a higher than the average DDD per month for vasodilators, diuretics, and drugs for obstructive airway disease. This study highlights a potential inequality in prescribing in primary care, evident following a change in the health policy in Ireland. These results suggest that differences in socio-economic status (such as income) and morbidity may be associated with differences in prescribing by GPs.
|
['Aged', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Social Class']
| 15,532,969
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['D26'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Longstanding traumatic tricuspid regurgitation with severe right ventricular failure.
|
A very unusual case of traumatic tricuspid regurgitation is reported, with severe symptoms of right ventricular failure, extreme dilatation of the right heart, echocardiographic and angiographic criteria of major tricuspid regurgitation, and severe right ventricular systolic dysfunction. The patient was referred for heart transplantation, on the assumption that conventional surgery was not possible. After careful evaluation, as the patient had normal pulmonary artery pressure and resistance, a tricuspid valve was replaced with good surgical outcome.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Echocardiography', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Injuries', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tricuspid Valve', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Right', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 9,427,135
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.280.434'], ['C26.891.375'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.893'], ['C14.280.484.856'], ['C14.280.945.910'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Difference between monoclonal antibodies against the common acute leukemia antigen from two different hybridomas.
|
Antibodies directed against the common acute lymphoid leukemia antigen (CALLA) were obtained from 2 hybridomas: J5 (Schlossman, mice sensitized with patient ALL cells), and Vil-A1 (Knapp, sensitization with the Reh cell line). The percentage of lymphoid cells reacting with these 2 monoclonal antibodies were compared. Antibody dilution curves indicated that the dilutions used yielded maximum percentages of positive cells. The percentage of CALLA-positive cells with the J5 antibody was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that found with the Vil-A1 antibody in 16 non-neoplastic inflammatory tonsils and in 13 non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia lymph-nodes (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the difference between CALLA positive cells with J5 and Vil-A1 was not significant (p greater than 0.5) in 19 acute lymphoid leukemias. The difference between the ALL-cells, presumably pre-B, and the B-cells from the non-ALL subjects was also statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that the two hybridomas form antibodies against different CALLA epitopes. Vil-A1 seems somewhat more specific for ALL than J5.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Hybridomas', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Mice', 'Neprilysin']
| 6,230,985
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.600', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.600', 'D23.050.285.550', 'D23.101.140.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
PD-L1 expression in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.
|
Small cell lung cancer and extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas are the most aggressive type of neuroendocrine carcinomas. Clinical treatment relies on conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; relapses are frequent. The PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway is a major target of anti-tumour immunotherapy. Aberrant PD-L1 or PD-L2 expression may cause local immune-suppression. Here we investigated expression of PD-1 and its ligands by immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq in small cell carcinomas. PD-L1 and PD-1 protein expression were analysed in 94 clinical cases of small cell carcinomas (61 pulmonary, 33 extrapulmonary) by immunohistochemistry using two different monoclonal antibodies (5H1, E1L3N). RNA expression was profiled by RNA-seq in 43 clinical cases. None of the small cell carcinomas showed PD-L1 protein expression in tumour cells. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression was noticed in the stroma: Using immunohistochemistry, 18.5% of cases (17/92) showed PD-L1 expression in tumour-infiltrating macrophages and 48% showed PD-1 positive lymphocytes (45/94). RNA-seq showed moderate PD-L1 gene expression in 37.2% (16/43). PD-L1 was correlated with macrophage and T-cell markers. The second PD-1 ligand PD-L2 was expressed in 27.9% (12/43) and showed similar correlations. Thus, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway seems activated in a fraction of small cell carcinomas. The carcinoma cells were negative in all cases, PD-L1 was expressed in tumour-infiltrating macrophages and was correlated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients with stromal PD-L1/PD-L2 expression may respond to anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, evaluation of the composition of the tumour microenvironment should be included in clinical trials. Besides conventional immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq seems suitable for detection of PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and might prove to be more sensitive.
|
['B7-H1 Antigen', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Macrophages', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Tissue Array Analysis']
| 25,582,496
|
[['D12.776.465.625', 'D12.776.467.150.300', 'D12.776.543.095.300', 'D23.050.301.285.400', 'D23.529.168.300'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.650', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.650', 'A15.382.490.555.567.650'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['D12.776.465.829', 'D12.776.467.150.800', 'D12.776.543.095.800', 'D23.050.301.285.800', 'D23.529.168.800'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['E05.588.570.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
|
Predictive models of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation reveals changes in transcription factor roles and promoter usage between metabolic conditions.
|
Transcription factors (TF) are central to transcriptional regulation, but they are often studied in relative isolation and without close control of the metabolic state of the cell. Here, we describe genome-wide binding (by ChIP-exo) of 15 yeast TFs in four chemostat conditions that cover a range of metabolic states. We integrate this data with transcriptomics and six additional recently mapped TFs to identify predictive models describing how TFs control gene expression in different metabolic conditions. Contributions by TFs to gene regulation are predicted to be mostly activating, additive and well approximated by assuming linear effects from TF binding signal. Notably, using TF binding peaks from peak finding algorithms gave distinctly worse predictions than simply summing the low-noise and high-resolution TF ChIP-exo reads on promoters. Finally, we discover indications of a novel functional role for three TFs; Gcn4, Ert1 and Sut1 during nitrogen limited aerobic fermentation. In only this condition, the three TFs have correlated binding to a large number of genes (enriched for glycolytic and translation processes) and a negative correlation to target gene transcript levels.
|
['Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Eukaryotic Cells', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Ontology', 'Models, Genetic', 'Nitrogen', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 30,976,803
|
[['D12.776.260.108', 'D12.776.930.127'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['A11.450'], ['E05.393.332'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantum of infection of Francisella tularensis tularensis in host-seeking Dermacentor variabilis.
|
The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, is fundamental to the perpetuation of Francisella tularensis tularensis on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Although infected ticks are relatively common on the island, human cases deriving from tick bite are rare. It may be that the quantum of bacteria within these naturally infected ticks is frequently too small to cause disease. Accordingly, we quantified the amount of F.t. tularensis bacteria in host-seeking ticks from the island. Contrary to our expectations, the majority of the ticks harbor large numbers of bacteria (median 3.3x10(8) genome equivalents/tick). Such a large quantum of infection might suggest that aerosolization of the ticks themselves might comprise the proximal determinant of risk for the inhalational tularemia that is common on Martha's Vineyard. However, the paradox of fewer ulceroglandular tularemia cases than would be expected given the abundance of potentially highly infectious ticks remains to be solved.
|
['Animals', 'Arachnid Vectors', 'Dermacentor', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 20,563,231
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.100', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.100'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.200'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B03.440.400.425.340.590', 'B03.660.250.200.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome. Study of cutaneous estrogen receptors].
|
We present four observations of unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome, pointing out its common cervicothoracic distribution and its relation with hyper-estrogenic conditions, both physiological (puberty, pregnancy, use of contraceptive pills), and pathologic (post-alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis). We also comment on its differential diagnosis with similar diseases. A study of estrogenic receptors in the affected skin was carried out, thus supplying further data for the ethiopathogenesis of the process.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Angiomatosis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Syndrome', 'Telangiectasis']
| 6,397,668
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.077'], ['E01.171'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C14.907.823']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in patients with asthma in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey.
|
BACKGROUND: There are no country-based data focused on aspirin (ASA)-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) in Turkey.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of AERD in adult patients with asthma.METHODS: A structured questionnaire was administered via face-to-face interview by a specialist in pulmonology/allergy at seven centres across Turkey.RESULTS: A total of 1344 asthma patients (F/M: 1081/263: 80.5%/19.5%, mean age: 45.7 ± 14.2 years) were enrolled. Atopy rate was 47%. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis/rhinitis, and nasal polyposis (NP) were 49%, 69% and 20%, respectively. Of 270 patients with NP, 171 (63.3%) reported previous nasal polypectomy and 40 (25%) had a history of more than three nasal polypectomies. Aspirin hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 180 (13.6%) asthmatic patients, with a reliable history in 145 (80.5%), and oral ASA provocation test in 35 (19.5%) patients. Clinical presentations of ASA hypersensitivity were respiratory in 76% (n=137), respiratory/cutaneous in 15% (n=27), and systemic in 9% (n=16) of the patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that a family history of ASA hypersensitivity (p: 0.001, OR: 3.746, 95% CI: 1.769-7.929), history of chronic rhinosinusitis/rhinitis (p: 0.025, OR: 1.713, 95% CI: 1.069-2.746) and presence of NP (p<0.001, OR: 7.036, 95% CI: 4.831-10.247) were independent predictors for AERD.CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional survey showed that AERD is highly prevalent among adult asthmatics and its prevalence seems to be affected by family history of ASA hypersensitivity, history of rhinosinusitis and presence of NP.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Aspirin', 'Asthma', 'Asthma, Aspirin-Induced', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Polyps', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Rhinitis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sinusitis', 'Turkey']
| 21,889,254
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['C08.127.108.054', 'C08.674.095.054', 'C20.543.206.189', 'C20.543.480.149', 'C25.100.468.189'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.460.572', 'C09.603.557', 'C23.300.825.557'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['C08'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Exercise Training Attenuates Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Modulates Neurotransmitters in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Salt-Induced Hypertensive Rats.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Exercise training (ExT) was associated with cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a key region for central control of blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms within RVLM that can influence exercise training induced effects in salt-induced hypertension.METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed with a normal salt (0.3%) (NS) or a high salt (8%) (HS) diet for 12 weeks to induce hypertension. Then these rats were given moderate-intensity ExT for a period of 12 weeks. RVLM was used to determine glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (HPLC), phosphorylated IKKâ, Fra-LI, 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) and NADPH-oxidase (NOX) subunits expression (Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence, Western blotting). PIC and NF-êB p65 activity in the plasma were evaluated by ELISA studies. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded and analyzed using the PowerLab system.RESULTS: High salt diet resulted in increased mean arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy. These high salt diet rats had higher RVLM levels of glutamate, PIC, phosphorylated IKKâ, NF-êB p65 activity, Fra-LI, superoxide, NOX-2 (gp91phox) and 4, and lower RVLM levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and GAD67, and higher plasma levels of PIC, norepinephrine, and higher RSNA. ExT attenuated these changes in salt-induced hypertensive rats.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that high salt diet increases the activity of NF-êB and the levels of PIC and oxidative stress, and induces an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the RVLM. ExT attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy partially mediated by attenuating oxidative stress and modulating neurotransmitters in the RVLM.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cytokines', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Hypertension', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Medulla Oblongata', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sodium Chloride, Dietary', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 30,048,986
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.857.650.705', 'D01.857.875.705'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Intraoperative hemodynamics of pyrolytic carbon cambered bileaflet valve replacement in animals].
|
Pyrolytic carbon cambered bileaflet valve developed by Chengdu University of Technology and Sciences was evaluated for its hemodynamics. The curved surface of the valve leaflet is cylindrical. Under anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and chemical cardioplegia, a cambered bileaflet valve (i.d. = 16 mm) was replaced at mitral position in each of 12 goats. Before valve replacement, mitral flow rate (MFR) was 74.9 +/- 12.3 ml.sec-1, average valvular pressure drop delta P) 0.56 +/- 0.17 kPa (4.2 +/- 1.3 mmHg) and effective opening area (EOA) of the valve 1.20 +/- 0.18 cm2. After valve replacement, corresponding hemodynamic parameters were 49.3 +/- 12.7 ml.sec-1, 0.46 +/- 0.17 kPa (3.8 +/- 1.3 mmHg) and 0.81 +/- 0.12 cm2 respectively. In our previous report on yak pericardiac heart valve (i.d. = 20 mm) in goats, corresponding hemodynamic parameters after valve replacement were 45.6 +/- 11.8 ml.sec-1, 0.86 +/- 0.32 kpa (6.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg) and 0.65 +/- 0.26 cm2. With comparable mitral flow rate and heart rate (113.6 +/- 19.6 min-1 vs 119.1 +/- 17.1 min-1), the average valvular pressure drop of pyrolytic carbon cambered bileaflet valve is significantly smaller than that of the yak pericardiac valve (P less than 0.001), and the effective opening area is marginally larger than that of the yak pericardiac valve (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). If the same-sized valves of this two kinds are used, the hemodynamic parameter of cambered bileaflet valve would be better than those of yak pericardiac valve. Since the latter valve has been successfully used in patients, the present valve might be applicable in clinical situation.
|
['Animals', 'Heart', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Hemodynamics', 'Male', 'Mitral Valve', 'Postoperative Period', 'Sheep']
| 2,591,919
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.541'], ['E07.695.310'], ['G09.330.380'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in association with global cognitive performance and CSF markers in Alzheimer's disease.
|
To better define the influence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 genotype on the cognitive and biochemical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cross-sectional analysis of global cognitive measures and cerebrospinal fluid studies gathered on AD subjects at a tertiary care facility between 1986 and 1997 was carried out. The 112 AD patients examined included 62 women and 50 men with a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (9.2) years. Patient demographics; illness onset age and duration, education level and global cognitive measures were recorded systematically. Genetic analysis for ApoE allele type and biochemical characterization of CSF, including total tau concentration, was performed. Descriptive statistics of demographics, cognitive and CSF measures were performed by chi-square, ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Overrepresentation of the epsilon 4 allele was found, with 45.5% of AD patients heterozygous and 20.5% homozygous for ApoE epsilon 4. Overall, ApoE epsilon 4 status had no effect on mean onset age of AD (F = 1.56; p = 0.214), but an earlier mean onset age of AD (F = 4.10; p = 0.02) was seen in the late-onset subjects. No differences were found with regard to ApoE epsilon 4 status and measures of disease, duration of illness or global cognitive performance. Although CSF tau was elevated in our sample (575.4 +/- 290.3 pg/ml), ApoE epsilon 4 status did not influence total CSF tau or neurotransmitter metabolite levels. ApoE epsilon 4 genotype had no impact on a variety of illness severity, cognitive and CSF examinations in the largest cross-sectional analysis of AD subjects yet reported.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'tau Proteins']
| 9,850,873
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D10.532.091.500.750', 'D12.776.070.400.500.750', 'D12.776.521.120.500.750'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['G05.330'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Simulation fidelity: more than experience and mere repetition?
|
Our understanding and use of simulation based training has evolved from simply practicing or learning performance in an accurate re-creation of the operating room as first envisaged by anaesthetist simulation pioneers. The efficacy of simulation training has been quantitatively demonstrated in prospective, randomized, double blinded studies. Simulation training models used in these studies have varied from bespoke models for training intra-corporeal suturing skills, VR emulation models for basic laparoscopic skill acquisition through to full physics VR simulations for the learning of endovascular skills. The understanding of why specific simulation models are effective needs to be better understood by trainers, researchers and engineers if simulation based training is to deliver on its potential for more advanced skills training but more importantly for the acquisition of procedural wisdom. This development will require a better understanding and more forthright approach to the issue of simulation fidelity.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Computer Simulation', 'General Surgery', 'Simulation Training', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 24,732,493
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['L01.224.160'], ['H02.403.810.300'], ['I02.903.847'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Possibility of cellulose-based electro-active paper energy scavenging transducer.
|
In this paper, a cellulose-based Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) energy scavenging transducer is presented. Cellulose is proven as a smart material, and exhibits piezoelectric effect. Specimens were prepared by coating gold electrodes on both sides of cellulose film. The fabricated specimens were tested by a base excited aluminum cantilever beam at resonant frequency. Different tests were performed with single and multiple parallel connected electrodes coated on the cellulose film. A maximum of 131 mV output voltage was measured, when three electrodes were connected in parallel. It was observed that voltage output increases significantly with the area of electrodes. From these results, it can be concluded that the piezoelectricity of cellulose-based EAPap can be used in energy transduction application.
|
['Cellulose', 'Electricity', 'Paper', 'Transducers', 'Vibration']
| 25,942,809
|
[['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['J01.637.650'], ['E07.305.812'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Algorithm for the detection of muscle activation in surface electromyograms during periodic activity.
|
A simple surface electromyography (EMG) activation detection algorithm was developed for improved numerical definition of initiation and deactivation of muscle activity during periodic motion when maximum voluntary contractions are impractical to obtain. For the encapsulation of activation/ deactivation periods of a signal as percentages of normal cycle parameters, two interrelated and variable thresholds of percent amplitude and duration of a normalized cycle were the analyzed inputs into an algorithm. Outputs for statistical analysis were total percent activation per cycle, standard deviation of activity per cycle, and temporal indices of where the signal turned on and off. Percent activity per cycle had a coefficient of variance of 0.24 (0.11). After the user chose whether to consider the signal for either encompassing all non-base-line activity or peak activity only, resulting coefficients of variation for percent activity were reduced to 0.16 (0.08). The results indicated the feasibility of a mathematically simple algorithm for repeatable decomposition of EMG activity. The need for a modifiable threshold parameter to incorporate varying needs of salient activity levels was also substantiated.
|
['Algorithms', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Skin', 'Wheelchairs']
| 11,874,145
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.800'], ['A17.815'], ['E07.796.980']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ablation of glutamate receptor GluRä2 in adult Purkinje cells causes multiple innervation of climbing fibers by inducing aberrant invasion to parallel fiber innervation territory.
|
Glutamate receptor GluRä2 is exclusively expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) from early development and plays key roles in parallel fiber (PF) synapse formation, elimination of surplus climbing fibers (CFs), long-term depression, motor coordination, and motor learning. To address its role in adulthood, we previously developed a mouse model of drug-induced GluRä2 ablation in adult PCs (Takeuchi et al., 2005). In that study, we demonstrated an essential role to maintain the connectivity of PF-PC synapses, based on the observation that both mismatching of presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations and disconnection of PF-PC synapses are progressively increased after GluRä2 ablation. Here, we pursued its role for CF wiring in adult cerebellum. In parallel with the disconnection of PF-PC synapses, ascending CF branches exhibited distal extension to innervate distal dendrites of the target and neighboring PCs. Furthermore, transverse CF branches, a short motile collateral rarely forming synapses in wild-type animals, displayed aberrant mediolateral extension to innervate distal dendrites of neighboring and remote PCs. Consequently, many PCs were wired by single main CF and other surplus CFs innervating a small part of distal dendrites. Electrophysiological recording further revealed that surplus CF-EPSCs characterized with slow rise time and small amplitude emerged after GluRä2 ablation, and increased progressively both in number and amplitude. Therefore, GluRä2 is essential for maintaining CF monoinnervation in adult cerebellum by suppressing aberrant invasion of CF branches to the territory of PF innervation. Thus, GluRä2 fuels heterosynaptic competition and gives PFs the competitive advantages over CFs throughout the animal's life.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cerebellum', 'Dendrites', 'Electrophysiology', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Motor Skills', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Nerve Net', 'Neuronal Tract-Tracers', 'Purkinje Cells', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Rotarod Performance Test', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Synapses']
| 21,068,325
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['F02.808.260'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A08.511'], ['D27.505.259.812', 'D27.720.470.410.577'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212.600', 'A08.675.784', 'A11.671.784'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['E05.017.449'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Cytogenetic study of married couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions].
|
A cytogenetic study was carried out in the chromosome set for 202 couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown genesis. Anomalies in the chromosome set were observed in 2.5% of cases.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Pregnancy', 'Recurrence']
| 6,464,193
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Naturally occurring mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the submandibular salivary gland of two mice.
|
Mucoepidermoid carcinomas in two mice were investigated histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. The neoplastic cells showed divergent differentiation into periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucous cells, keratin-positive squamous cells, and cells with both mucous granules and sheaves of tonofilaments. Gland formation and keratinization were not observed. At the periphery of tumour cell nests, some cells were immunolabelled for smooth muscle actin or contained concentrated thin filaments, and these observations were interpreted to indicate that murine mucoepidermoid carcinomas are associated with both myoepithelium and duct epithelium.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Keratins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Rodent Diseases', 'Submandibular Gland Neoplasms']
| 9,573,510
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.340', 'C04.557.470.590.340'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['C22.795'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.885', 'C07.465.530.824.885', 'C07.465.815.718.885', 'C07.465.815.882.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of tandem duplications and implications for linkage analysis.
|
The first demonstration of an autosomal dominant human disease caused by segmental trisomy came in 1991 for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). For this disorder, the segmental trisomy is due to a large tandem duplication of 1.5 Mb of DNA located on chromosome 17p11.2-p12. The search for the CMT1A disease gene was misdirected and impeded because some chromosome 17 genetic markers that are linked to CMT1A lie within this duplication. To better understand how such a duplication might affect genetic analyses in the context of disease gene mapping, we studied the effects of marker duplication on transmission probabilities of marker alleles, on linkage analysis of an autosomal dominant disease, and on tests of linkage homogeneity. We demonstrate that the undetected presence of a duplication distorts transmission ratios, hampers fine localization of the disease gene, and increases false evidence of linkage heterogeneity. In addition, we devised a likelihood-based method for detecting the presence of a tandemly duplicated marker when one is suspected. We tested our methods through computer simulations and on CMT1A pedigrees genotyped at several chromosome 17 markers. On the simulated data, our method detected 96% of duplicated markers (with a false-positive rate of 5%). On the CMT1A data our method successfully identified two of three loci that are duplicated (with no false positives). This method could be used to identify duplicated markers in other regions of the genome and could be used to delineate the extent of duplications similar to that involved in CMT1A.
|
['Alleles', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Computer Simulation', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Statistical', 'Multigene Family', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype']
| 8,198,134
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C10.500.300.200', 'C10.574.500.495.200', 'C10.668.829.800.300.200', 'C16.131.666.300.200', 'C16.320.400.375.200'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['G05.348'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A meta-analysis of six placebo-controlled trials of thiazolidinedione therapy for HIV lipoatrophy.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of thiazolidinediones (TZD) on changes in limb fat mass in HIV-infected individuals, particularly in those not receiving a thymidine analogue.METHODS: Individual patient data from placebo-controlled, randomized trials of rosiglitazone (n = 5) or pioglitazone (n = 1) were combined. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to estimate the treatment effect on changes in limb fat mass.RESULTS: In the combined dataset of 427 patients, the baseline median age was 45 years, 86% were male, 80% were Caucasian, 63% were receiving stavudine (d4T) or zidovudine (AZT), 66% were on protease inhibitors, and median body mass index was 23 kg/m(2). In a univariate GEE model, TZD was associated with an increase in limb fat mass (coeff = 0.14 kg vs placebo, P = .04). In a multivariable GEE model, patients receiving pioglitazone had significantly higher limb fat mass gains (coeff = 0.35 kg, P < or = .01) compared to patients receiving placebo, while patients on rosiglitazone did not (coeff = 0.05 kg, P = .48). Interactions between thymidine analogue use and rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were not significant.CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis, pioglitazone therapy was more effective than placebo to increase limb fat mass whereas rosiglitazone was not significantly better than placebo. The effectiveness of these drugs did not vary according to whether the patients were receiving thymidine analogues.
|
['Adult', 'Body Fat Distribution', 'Female', 'HIV', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Lipodystrophy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Pioglitazone', 'Rosiglitazone', 'Thiazolidinediones']
| 20,400,410
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062', 'G02.111.130.134', 'G03.180.134', 'G07.100.049.134'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.849.391', 'C18.452.584.625', 'C18.452.880.391'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['D02.886.675.933.250', 'D03.383.129.708.933.250'], ['D02.886.675.933.500', 'D03.383.129.708.933.500'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CYP3A4 active site volume modification by mutagenesis of leucine 211.
|
The leucine 211 --> phenylalanine (L211F) and leucine 211 --> tyrosine (L211Y) mutant forms of cytochrome P450 3A4 have been generated by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed functionally in Escherichia coli. Substrate binding affinities (S50 values) for testosterone and 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BFC) were similar for the mutants and wild-type CYP3A4 (49 and 21 microM for L211F, 35 and 20 microM for L211Y, and 33 and 20 microM for the wild type, respectively). For erythromycin, however, the K(m) values determined for the L211F and L211Y mutants were 2.4- and 10.5-fold higher than for the wild type. Furthermore, IC50 values for the inhibition of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation by erythromycin and troleandomycin for L211F were 2.4- and 3.7-fold higher, and those for L211Y were 3.4- and 9.2-fold higher than those measured for the wild type. Conversely, small inhibitors, such as diazepam, exhibited no significant difference in IC50 values between the wild type and the L211F and L211Y mutants. It is proposed that large substrates bound in the catalytic center of CYP3A4 with molecular volumes greater than approximately 600 A(3) were less well accommodated in the altered active sites, resulting in lower association energies and increased IC50 values.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Coumarins', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Diazepam', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Erythromycin', 'Hydroxylation', 'Kinetics', 'Leucine', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Testosterone', 'Troleandomycin']
| 11,901,100
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D02.540.576.500.992'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D02.540.505.600.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Measuring Burnout Among Psychiatry Clerkship Directors.
|
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among Psychiatry clerkship directors.METHODS: Psychiatry clerkship directors were solicited via email to complete an electronic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the Respondent Information Form.RESULTS: Fifty-four out of 110 surveys (49%) were completed. Fourteen percent of respondents scored in the "high exhaustion" category, 21.6% scored in the "low professional efficacy" category, 20.4% scored in the "high cynicism" category, and 15.1% of respondents met threshold for at least two of the three categories. Those who scored in the "low professional efficacy" category reported higher levels of salary support for research, while those who scored in the "high cynicism" category reported lower levels of salary support at a trend level. Those who scored in the "high cynicism" category were younger.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 14-22 percent of psychiatry clerkship directors reported some level of burnout depending on the subscale used. Future studies should aim to better identify those clerkship directors who are at greatest risk for becoming burned out by their educational role and to clarify the link between salary support for research, age, and burnout.
|
['Burnout, Professional', 'Clinical Clerkship', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physician Executives', 'Physicians', 'Psychiatry', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 28,939,953
|
[['C24.580.500', 'F01.145.126.990.367.500', 'F02.830.900.333.500'], ['I02.358.105'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.070.700', 'M01.526.485.800', 'N02.360.800'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MinCD-independent inhibition of cell division by a protein that fuses MalE to the topological specificity factor MinE.
|
We report that MinE, the topological specificity factor of cell division in Escherichia coli, inhibits septation when fused to the C terminus of the maltose-binding protein MalE. This contrasts with overexpression of MinE alone, which affects growth but has no effect on division. Inhibition by MalE-MinE was minCD independent and depended on MinE segments involved in dimerization and prevention of MinCD division inhibition. The SOS and the heat shock responses were not involved, suggesting that the inhibition comes from a direct interaction of MalE-MinE with the septation apparatus. MalE-MinE lethality was suppressed by overexpression of ftsZ, as well as by overexpression of ftsN, a suppressor of temperature-sensitive mutations in genes ftsQ, ftsA, and ftsI. We also report that high-level synthesis of MalE disturbs nucleoid partitioning.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Division', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Maltose-Binding Proteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Periplasmic Binding Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'SOS Response, Genetics', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Suppression, Genetic']
| 9,226,273
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D12.776.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G07.775.500'], ['D12.776.097.577.500.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['D12.776.097.577.500', 'D12.776.157.622'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.222.830', 'G05.219.830'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['G05.365.590.835', 'G05.558.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of viral expression of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro by an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide against rev (art/trs) in chronically infected cells.
|
In this report, we demonstrate the sequence-specific suppression of viral expression in T cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), using antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. As a target for antisense intervention, we used the HIV-1 gene rev, which is essential for viral replication and regulates the expression of virion proteins, in part, by affecting the splicing of the viral mRNA. A phosphorothioate oligomer complementary to the initiation sequence of HIV-1 rev had a significant and selective inhibitory effect on the production of several viral proteins in chronically HIV-1-infected T cells and drastically reduced the unspliced (genomic) viral mRNA transcripts, with relative sparing of smaller (spliced) transcripts. By contrast, the antisense sequence with unmodified normal phosphodiester linkages as well as phosphorothioate oligomers containing sense, random, homopolymeric sequences, or antisense sequence with N3-methylthymidine residues did not have an inhibitory effect on viral expression. Thus, sequence specificity and nuclease resistance were critical for the anti-viral-gene regulatory effect of the antisense molecules. The altered HIV-1 mRNA profile induced by the antisense phosphorothioate oligomer suggests that the mechanism for the inhibition of viral expression is due to an interference with the regulatory gene, rev, by translation arrest.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA, Viral', 'Exons', 'Gene Products, rev', 'Genes', 'Genes, Viral', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA', 'RNA, Antisense', 'RNA, Messenger', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Viral Proteins', 'rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 2,471,199
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D12.776.157.725.076', 'D12.776.664.962.186', 'D12.776.964.925.984.385'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.150.650', 'D13.444.600.150.760', 'D13.444.735.150', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.760'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.964'], ['D12.776.157.725.076.500', 'D12.776.664.962.186.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.770', 'D12.776.964.925.984.385.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vocal frequency change reflects different responses to anthropogenic noise in two suboscine tyrant flycatchers.
|
Anthropogenic noise is prevalent across the globe and can exclude birds from otherwise suitable habitat and negatively influence fitness; however, the mechanisms responsible for species' responses to noise are not always clear. One effect of noise is a reduction in effective acoustic communication through acoustic masking, yet some urban songbirds may compensate for masking by noise through altering their songs. Whether this vocal flexibility accounts for species persistence in noisy areas is unknown. Here, we investigated the influence of noise on habitat use and vocal frequency in two suboscine flycatchers using a natural experiment that isolated effects of noise from confounding stimuli common to urban habitats. With increased noise exposure, grey flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) occupancy declined, but vocal frequency did not change. By contrast, ash-throated flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens) occupancy was uninfluenced by noise, but individuals in areas with greater noise amplitudes vocalized at a higher frequency, although the increase (?200 kHz) may only marginally improve communication and may represent a secondary effect from increased vocal amplitude. Even so, the different flycatcher behavioural responses suggest that signal change may help some species persist in noisy areas and prompt important questions regarding which species will cope with an increasingly noisy world.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Human Activities', 'Humans', 'New Mexico', 'Noise', 'Passeriformes', 'Sound Spectrography', 'Vocalization, Animal']
| 21,123,268
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['I03'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.560'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620'], ['E05.855'], ['F01.145.113.055.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The effects of Spirulina supplementation on metabolic syndrome components, its liver manifestation and related inflammatory markers: A systematic review.
|
AIMS: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of Spirulina supplementation on metabolic syndrome components, its liver manifestation and related inflammatory markers.METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus (up to August 2017) to identify relevant studies. English randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Spirulina supplementation on factors associated with metabolic syndrome in human models, were included in the review.RESULTS: Among 720 articles related to Spirulina in the primary search, 22 of them were eligible human RCTs and finally 18 of them were included in the review. The systematic review revealed that oral dosage range of 1-19gr/day for 0.5-6 months of Spirulina supplementation have positive effects on metabolic syndrome components.CONCLUSION: Spirulina can be possibly administered as a safe and efficient supplementation in the case of metabolic syndrome components, although determining the optimal dosage and period of supplementation still needs further investigations.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Liver', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Nutrition Therapy', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Spirulina']
| 30,670,232
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A03.620'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['E02.642'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['B03.280.697']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Plasma alpha-L-fucosidase: presence of a low activity variant in some normal individuals.
|
The expression of a variant alpha-L-fucosidase has been determined in both plasma and leukocytes. This variant enzyme is characterized by unusually tow actuvity in plasma, an altered pH activity profile, and increased heat lability. Individuals possessing this low activity variant in plasma have usual levels of alpha-L-fucosidase activity in leukocytes. The leukocyte enzyme also shows increased heat lability and has an altered pH activity profile. Gel filtration of plasma alpha-L-fucosidase revealed both a high molecular weight form, alpha-L-fucosidase I, and a low molecular weight form, alpha-L-fucosidase II. Only alpha-L-fucosidase II could be detected upon gel filtration of the variant enzyme from plasma. Both control and variant leukocyte alpha-L-fucosidase revealed two peaks by gel filtration but the proportion of alpha-L-fucosidase I was reduced in the variant enzyme sample. Alpha-L-fucosidase II from both control and variant plasma and leukocyte samples was heat labile and possessed little activity at pH 4.0 Alpha-L-fucosidase I from control plasma and leukocytes was more stable to heating and possessed more activity at pH 4.0 than alpha-L-fucosidase II. In contrast, alpha-L-fucosidase I from the variant leukocyte sample was heat labile and had little activity at pH 4.0 thus resembling alpha-L-fucosidase II. These results suggest that the variant is the consequence of an altered allele which affects alpha-L-fucosidase expression in all tissues.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Disaccharidases', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Leukocytes', 'Molecular Weight', 'alpha-L-Fucosidase']
| 956,698
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D08.811.277.450.329'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.450.050']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The levels of adenine nucleotides and hypoxanthine in blood of patients on long-term hemodialysis using dialysis fluid containing acetate or bicarbonate].
|
Intraerythrocyte adenine nucleotides concentration reflects energy balance of red cells and plays pivotal role in their function. In hemodialysed patients both ATP and ADP concentration in red cells was higher than in controls, p < 0.001 and p < 0.005 respectively. But AMP and hypoxanthine did not differ from control. No change of ATP, ADP and AMP was observed after hemodialysis, but hypoxanthine fall significantly, p < 0.001. The pattern of nucleotides concentration and its changes during hemodialysis was the same regardless of the mode of the therapy; e.g. acetate or bicarbonate.
|
['Acetates', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adult', 'Bicarbonates', 'Female', 'Hemodialysis Solutions', 'Humans', 'Hypoxanthine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 9,190,631
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['D26.776.708.322.651', 'D27.505.954.578.483.651', 'D27.720.752.483.651'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Variability of nisin-synthesizing wild strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 119 under the effect of ultraviolet light].
|
To increase the nisin synthesizing activity of the natural strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 119 isolated from sour milk, UV irradiation in different doses was used followed by isolation of productive clones. The highest mutation effect was observed with the dose of 76,000 erg/mm2, when 11% of the cells increased their productivity by 12.8% at the minimum survival rate. Two-step UV irradiation and adaptive selection on the nisin-contaning medium provided isolation of a strain with the activity 42.6% higher than that of the initial strain (3850 IU/ml). Natural and UV-induced variability of the strain by the nisin synthesis, growth rate, carbohydrate consumption and sensitivity to antibiotics of various groups were studied.
|
['Animals', 'Lactococcus lactis', 'Microbial Viability', 'Nisin', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 18,318,142
|
[['B01.050'], ['B03.353.750.737.500.400', 'B03.510.400.800.500.400', 'B03.510.550.737.500.400'], ['G06.580'], ['D04.345.566.582', 'D12.644.641.582', 'D12.776.097.151.700', 'D12.776.543.695.110.700'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The G60S connexin43 mutant regulates hair growth and hair fiber morphology in a mouse model of human oculodentodigital dysplasia.
|
Patients expressing mutations in the gene encoding the gap junction protein Cx43 suffer from a disease called oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD). Patients with ODDD are often reported to develop hair that is dry, dull, sparse, and slow growing. To evaluate the linkage between Cx43 and hair growth, structure, and follicle density we employed a mouse model of ODDD that harbors a Cx43 G60S point mutant. Regionally sparse and overall dull hair were observed in mutant mice compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. However, histological analysis of overall hair follicle density in mutant and WT mice did not reveal any significant differences. After epilation, mutant mouse hair grew back slower, and hair growth was asynchronous. In addition, ultrastructural scanning electron microscopic imaging of hair fibers taken from mutant mice and two patients harboring the G143S mutation revealed severe cuticle weathering. Nodule formation was also observed in the proximal region of hair fibers taken from mutant mice. These results suggest that the G60S mutant mouse model mimics the hair phenotype found in at least some ODDD patients and suggests an important role for Cx43 in hair regeneration, growth, and cuticle formation.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Connexin 43', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Eye Abnormalities', 'Female', 'Gap Junctions', 'Hair', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Phenotype', 'Point Mutation', 'Syndactyly', 'Tooth Abnormalities']
| 21,716,323
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C11.250', 'C16.131.384'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['A17.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['C05.116.099.370.894.819', 'C05.660.585.800', 'C05.660.906.819', 'C16.131.621.585.800', 'C16.131.621.906.819'], ['C07.650.800', 'C07.793.700', 'C16.131.850.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distal radius: anatomical morphometric gender characteristics. Do anatomical pre-shaped plates pay attention on it?
|
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to investigate differences in the osseous structure anatomy of male and female distal radii.METHODS: Morphometric data were obtained of 49 distal human cadaveric radii. An imprint of the distal edge was attained using silicone mass and the palmar cortical angle (PCA) of the lateral and intermediate column, here declared as medial, according to the concept of Rikli and Rigazzoni. The lateral and medial length and five widths were digitally measured by three observers. In order to compare the measurements an unpaired t test was used. To prove the reliability of the measurements an intraclass correlation analyses was done.RESULTS: Overall mean medial PCA was 148.25° (SD ± 6.83) and mean lateral PCA 156.07° (SD ± 7.00). In male specimens, the mean medial PCA was 147.38° (SD ± 6.01) and mean lateral PCA was 153.6° (SD ± 6.20) whereas in female specimens, the mean medial PCA was 149.41° (SD ± 7.79) and the mean lateral PCA 159.37° (SD ± 6.78), with statistical significance for the female lateral PCA. No gender significant difference for the medial PCA and no significant side difference for the PCA's could be found. The ICC of the observers was r = 0.936 and 0.976 for the medial and for lateral PCA 0.957-0.984. The palmar cortical length of the distal radius was significantly longer in male specimens. For all widths, larger values for male radii were measured, being statistically significant in all cases.CONCLUSION: Male dimensions concerning the wide were significantly larger when compared with females. Regarding the PCA at the medial and lateral column, we found significant difference for lateral PCA concerning the gender. Overall, study results demonstrated an angle of 148.25° ± 6.83 for the medial PCA and 156.07° ± 7.00 for the lateral PCA.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Bone Plates', 'Cadaver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Radius', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 25,388,864
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Anatomy of the pectoral and forelimb muscles of wildtype and green fluorescent protein-transgenic axolotls and comparison with other tetrapods including humans: a basis for regenerative, evolutionary and developmental studies.
|
The axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum is one of the most used model organisms in evolutionary, developmental and regenerative studies, particularly because it can reconstitute a fully functional and complete forelimb/hindlimb. Surprisingly, there is no publication that describes all the pectoral and forelimb muscles of this species or provides a comparative framework between these muscles and those of other model organisms and of modern humans. In the present paper we describe and illustrate all these muscles in A. mexicanum and provide the first report about the myology of adults of a model organism that is based on analyses and dissections of both wildtype animals and transgenic animals that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in muscle fibers. On the one hand, the inclusion of GFP-transgenic animals allows us to show the muscles as more commonly seen, and thus easier to understand, by current developmental and regenerative biologists. On the other hand, by including wildtype and GFP-transgenic animals and by visualizing these latter animals with and without a simultaneous transmission laser light, we were able to obtain a more complete and clearer understanding of the exact limit of the fleshy and tendinous parts of the muscles and their specific connections with the skeletal elements. This in turn allowed us to settle some controversies in previous anatomical and comparative studies. As most developmental, regenerative and evolutionary biologists are interested in comparing their observations of A. mexicanum with observations in other model organisms, and ultimately in using this information to increase the understanding of human evolution and medicine, we also provide tables showing the homologies between the pectoral and forelimb muscles of axolotls, of model organisms such as mice, frogs and chicken, and of Homo sapiens. An example illustrating the outcomes of using our methodology and of our observations is that they revealed that, contrary to what is often stated in the literature, A. mexicanum has a muscle coracoradialis that has both a well developed proximal fleshy belly and a distal long and thin tendon, supporting the idea that this muscle very likely corresponds to at least part of the amniote biceps brachii. Our observations also: (i) confirmed that the flexores digitorum minimi, interphalangeus digiti 3, pronator quadratus and palmaris profundus 1 are present as distinct muscles in A. mexicanum, supporting the idea that the latter muscle does not correspond to the pronator accessorius of reptiles; (ii) confirmed that the so-called extensor antebrachii radialis is present as a distinct muscle in this species and, importantly, indicated that this muscle corresponds to the supinator of other tetrapods; (iii) showed that, contrary to some other urodeles, including some other Ambystoma species, there is no distinct muscle epitrochleoanconeus in A. mexicanum and; (iv) showed that the ulnar and radial bundles of the abductor et extensor digiti 1 correspond to the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis longus of other tetrapods, respectively.
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['Ambystoma mexicanum', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Biological Evolution', 'Dissection', 'Forelimb', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Pectoralis Muscles']
| 22,957,800
|
[['B01.050.150.900.090.608.080.068.525'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['A13.395'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A02.633.567.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Development of the pelvis and posterior part of the vertebral column in the Anura.
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The anuran pelvic girdle is unique among all amphibians in that its acetabular portion is located far posterior to the sacrum, lateral to the postsacral (= caudal) vertebral column, which is reduced to a single rod-like element called the urostyle. This situation in the adult is strikingly different not only from that in ancestral temnospondyls but also in other modern amphibians. Because there is no fossil that would document this evolutionary anatomical modification except for Triadobatrachus, the only data may be inferred from development in modern anurans. We chose seven anuran species (belonging to the genera Discoglossus, Bombina, Pelobates, Bufo, Rana and Xenopus), representing the principal locomotory types (saltation, swimming, crawling and burrowing). Development of the pelvic girdle was studied on cleared and stained whole mounts and partly on serial histological sections. The basic developmental pattern was similar in all species: the pelvis on both sides develops from two centres (puboischiadic and iliac, respectively). The ilium then extends vertically towards the sacral vertebra and later rotates posteriorly so that ultimately the acetabulum is lateral to the tail (= urostyle). Only minor deviations from this pattern were found, mainly associated with differences in water and terrestrial dwelling.
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['Animals', 'Anura', 'Biological Evolution', 'Bufo bufo', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Life Style', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Spine', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 15,679,868
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210.108'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['F01.829.458'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Early and late complications following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.
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There is limited U.S. data on short- and long-term complications of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) as a treatment option for morbid obesity. Hereafter, we present our experience with the first 154 consecutive LAGBs performed at Loyola University Medical Center. Inpatient and outpatient charts were reviewed retrospectively for all patients undergoing LAGB between November 2001 and February 2003 for perioperative morbidity and mortality and repeat operations. Thirty-seven men (24%) and 117 women (76%) underwent LAGB in a 16-month period. There was one (0.6%) death from postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and one (0.6%) pulmonary embolism. Six (3.9%) patients required readmission to the hospital for dehydration. During a mean follow-up of 33 weeks (range, 4-69 weeks), 14 (9%) patients required repeat operations. There were five (3.2%) band slippages and one (0.6%) gastric erosion. Three bands were removed laparoscopically. Three slippages were revised laparoscopically. One patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Seven patients (4.5%) required port revisions for catheter disconnection (4), leak at port site (2), or flipped port (1). LAGB is a safe operative approach for the management of morbid obesity. The incidence of postoperative complications can be minimal with application of a standardized technique. LAGB should be strongly considered for morbidly obese patients who have failed nonoperative management.
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['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gastroplasty', 'Humans', 'Illinois', 'Incidence', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors', 'Weight Loss']
| 15,011,918
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.650.500.062.750', 'E04.062.750', 'E04.210.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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How reliable is the morphological diagnosis of penile ulcerations?
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Material from 100 consecutive men who presented with penile ulcerations was tested for a variety of microorganisms. Fifty-one patients had microorganisms identified that were considered primary pathogens. The laboratory data were compared with the clinical diagnoses and the diagnostic accuracy and index of suspicion calculated. The diagnostic accuracy for lesions due to Treponema pallidum was 77.8%, Herpesvirus hominis 62.9% and Haemophilis ducreyi 33.3%, whereas the indexes of suspicion were 88.2%, 67.7% and 300% respecitively. These data show that the clinical diagnosis of genital ulcers is oftern inaccurate and that definitive diagnosis requires laboratory tests.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Balanitis', 'Candidiasis', 'Chancroid', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Gonorrhea', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Ulcer', 'Syphilis']
| 594,859
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C12.294.494.136'], ['C01.150.703.160'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.433.308', 'C01.150.252.734.201', 'C01.221.812.281.201', 'C01.778.281.201', 'C12.294.668.281.201', 'C13.351.500.711.281.201'], ['E01.171'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.800.893'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.840.500', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500', 'C01.150.252.734.859', 'C01.221.812.281.859', 'C01.778.281.859', 'C12.294.668.281.859', 'C13.351.500.711.281.859']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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CYFRA 21-1 is not superior to SCC antigen and CEA in head and neck squamous cell cancer.
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CYFRA 21-1 was compared to the most reliable tumor markers for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), SCC antigen and CEA. Sera of 163 patients with primary and 40 patients with recurrent HNSCC were examined. 94 patients with non-malignant ENT-diseases served as the control group. To give a specificity of 95% the cut-off-values were as follows: SCC: 1.9 ng/ml, CEA: 3.8 ng/ml, CYFRA 21-1: 2.9 ng/ml. SCC had the highest sensitivity at the time of primary diagnosis (P) at 43% and 61% at relapse (R), compared to CEA with P: 35%, R: 40% and CYFRA 21-1 with P: 17%, R: 18%. We show that CYFRA 21-1 cannot offer additional information to the clinical outcome of patients with HNSCC, whereas combined analysis of SCC and CEA leads to a markedly increased sensitivity of 60% at primary diagnosis and of 79% in cases of tumor relapse.
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['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Keratin-19', 'Keratins', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Serpins']
| 8,920,778
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.900', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.900', 'D12.776.860.607.300.900'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Differential expression of decay-accelerating factor isoforms in the digestive tract of guinea pig.
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Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), one of the membrane-binding regulators of complement activation, prevents host cells from the autologous complement-mediated attack. However, specific localization of DAF in the different layers of the digestive tract has not been defined. Using a crypt isolation procedure, we separated epithelium from the remnant stromal tissue and assessed the expression of DAF isoforms in the two layers in the guinea pig digestive tract. Both Northern hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed DAF was preferentially expressed in the small intestinal epithelium compared to the stomach and colon. Reverse-transcriptase PCR demonstrated that the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored isoforms are predominant over the transmembrane (TM) isoforms in all digestive epithelium. However, there was no difference between GPI-anchored type and TM type in the stromal tissue. In conclusion, DAF was found to be primarily expressed in the small intestinal epithelium with isoforms differing between the epithelium and stromal tissue, suggesting differential roles in the guinea pig digestive tract.
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['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'CD55 Antigens', 'Colon', 'DNA Primers', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Small', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 11,853,224
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.130', 'D12.776.543.484.500.130', 'D12.776.543.550.418.130'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['A11.436'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Risks of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts in children with type 1 diabetes and their healthy siblings.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a population-based case-cohort study of individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 2009. Children with type 1 diabetes (n = 17,122) and their healthy siblings (n = 18,847) were identified and followed until their 18th birthday. Their risk of psychiatric disorders was compared with that of matched control subjects.RESULTS: The risk of psychiatric morbidity in children with type 1 diabetes compared with the general population was tripled within 6 months after the onset of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 3.0 [95% CI 2.7-3.4]) and doubled within the total observation period (HR 2.1 [95% CI 2.0-2.2]). An increased risk was noted in suicide attempts (HR 1.7 [95% CI 1.4-2.0]) and in most categories of psychiatric disorders. The risk of psychiatric disorders in probands declined from HR 2.7 (95% CI 2.2-3.3) for those in the cohort born 1973-1986 to 1.9 (95% CI 1.8-2.0) in those born 1997-2009. The risk for any psychiatric disorders among siblings of patients with type 1 diabetes was estimated to be HR 1.1 (95% CI 1.0-1.1), and there was no increased risk in any of the specific category of disorders.CONCLUSIONS: Children with type 1 diabetes are at high risk of psychiatric disorders, which seems to be a consequence of the disease rather than due to a common familial etiology. The results support recommendations on comprehensive mental health surveillance in children with type 1 diabetes, especially in recently diagnosed children.
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['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Siblings', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Sweden']
| 25,650,362
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Sural nerve pathology in ALS patients: a single-centre experience.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons. Sensory involvement is thought not to be a feature of ALS. We reviewed 17 cases of sural nerve biopsies performed in a large cohort of ALS patients referred to our centre over a 23-year period. More than two-third of biopsies revealed a variable degree of axonal loss. In one case, pathological findings suggested the concomitant presence of an inherited neuropathy, subsequently confirmed by genetic evaluation. In another case, pathological and neurographic data were similar to those of an inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, but the clinical course corroborated the diagnosis of ALS. Our data confirm that sensory nerve involvement may be found in ALS patients. This finding should prompt physicians to carefully investigate a possible alternative diagnosis, but does not exclude the possibility that the patient may have ALS.
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['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Sural Nerve']
| 22,203,334
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.668.829'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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[Application of crossed assay design in test of drug sensitivity in vitro in combined chemotherapy of liver cancer].
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A cross assay design has been carried out to test the sensitivity of drugs used in combined chemotherapy of liver cancer using human tumor cloning system in vitro. The reductive rate of the tumor clone survival was synthetically compared and statistically analysed according to calculating formula of crossed assay design. It was shown that the most effective combination of chemotherapeutic scheme could be obtained by fewer testing. Moreover, comparing the tumor response to a given drug tested by the crossed assay design with that of permutation and combinations, the results were clearly correlated (P = 0.005). We would conclude that this assay shows a good reliability and deserves practical application.
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['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cisplatin', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mitomycin', 'Podophyllotoxin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,174,486
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450.777', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675', 'D04.615.638.960.675'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Association between preterm delivery and subsequent C-reactive protein: a retrospective cohort study.
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OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether giving birth preterm is associated with raised maternal C-reactive protein (CRP) in later life and whether the association is specific to indicated or spontaneous delivery.STUDY DESIGN: This was a Scotland-wide retrospective cohort study of 1124 women who had a first pregnancy resulting in a singleton, liveborn infant delivered between 24-43 weeks' gestation. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between preterm delivery and subsequent CRP concentration.RESULTS: The difference in CRP between women who delivered term and preterm was nonsignificant on univariate analysis (beta coefficient 0.04, P = .18) but was statistically significant following adjustment for potential confounders (beta coefficient 0.05, P < .05). On subgroup analysis the association was specific to women who had had indicated preterm delivery (unadjusted beta coefficient 0.09, P < .01; adjusted beta coefficient 0.09, P < .01).CONCLUSION: Women who undergo indicated preterm delivery are at increased risk of raised CRP in later life.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cohort Studies', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Inflammation', 'Middle Aged', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Premature Birth', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Scotland', 'Young Adult']
| 21,890,096
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E04.520.252'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C23.550.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 0
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| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Bradykinin stimulation of inositol polyphosphate production in porcine aortic endothelial cells.
|
Bradykinin stimulation of inositol polyphosphate production was followed using [3H]inositol-labeled porcine aortic endothelial cells grown in culture. Bradykinin stimulated a significant increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production within 15 s. This increase reached a maximum value of 5-fold above control at 30 s and returned toward baseline by 90 s. Production of inositol bisphosphate increased with time reaching 4-fold by 60 s. Bradykinin stimulated the production of IP3 and inositol biphosphate in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 9 X 10(-9) M. Labeled pools of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIPP) decreased by 50% within 30 s, corresponding to the rise in IP3, while labeled lysophosphatidylinositol pools increased 3-fold by 60 s. Pertussis toxin, a protein which ribosylates GTP-binding proteins, did not inhibit bradykinin-stimulated inositol polyphosphate production. Incubation of labeled cells in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ also did not affect bradykinin-stimulated inositol polyphosphate production. Further, A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, failed to stimulate PIPP metabolism. Finally, Ca2+ influx into cell monolayers occurred with a time course which paralleled rather than preceded the increase in IP3 levels. These data suggest that bradykinin stimulates phospholipase C metabolism of PIPP to IP3 by a mechanism which does not contain a pertussis toxin sensitive GTP-binding protein. Also, this receptor-linked phospholipase C activity does not appear to be activated by extracellular Ca2+ influx. The results support the proposal that IP3 production initiates Ca2+ mobilization and suggest that the calcium-dependent step in arachidonate release is distal to IP3 production.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Bradykinin', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium', 'Glycoproteins', 'Inositol', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Kinetics', 'Pertussis Toxin', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins', 'Saposins', 'Sphingolipid Activator Proteins', 'Sugar Phosphates', 'Swine', 'Virulence Factors, Bordetella']
| 3,771,575
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D12.644.276.812.169', 'D12.644.400.090', 'D12.644.456.193', 'D12.776.467.812.169', 'D12.776.631.650.090', 'D23.469.050.375.110', 'D23.529.812.169'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D02.033.800.519', 'D09.853.519'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.680', 'D23.946.123.946.690', 'D23.946.896.980.690'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776'], ['D08.211.790.500'], ['D08.211.790'], ['D09.894'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D23.946.123.946', 'D23.946.896.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Children's Blood Lead Concentrations from 1988 to 2015 in Mexico City: The Contribution of Lead in Air and Traditional Lead-Glazed Ceramics.
|
Despite the removal of lead from gasoline in 1997, elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) > 5 µg/dL are still detectable in children living in Mexico City. The use of lead-glazed ceramics may explain these persistent exposure levels. Mexico lacks a national surveillance program for BLL, but temporal trends can be derived from epidemiological studies. With this approach, we leveraged a series of birth cohorts to report BLL trends from 1987 to 2002 and expanded our analysis to 2015. Data were from 1⁻5-year-old children from five Mexico City cohorts followed between 1988 and 2015. BLLs are reported on 1963 children, who contributed 4975 BLLs. We estimated the trend of mean BLL, which decreased from 15.7 µg/dL in 1988, to 7.8 µg/dL in 1998 (a year after the total ban of lead in gasoline), to 1.96 µg/dL in 2015. The proportion of BLL ? 5 µg/dL decreased from 92% (1988⁻1998) to 8% (2008⁻2015). The use of lead-glazed ceramics was associated with an 11% increase in BLLs throughout the study period. Replacing lead-based glazes in traditional ceramics may be the key to further reducing exposure, but this presents challenges, as it involves a cultural tradition deeply rooted in Mexico. In addition, the creation of a rigorous, standardized, and on-going surveillance program of BLL is necessary for identifying vulnerable populations.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Ceramics', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lead', 'Lead Poisoning', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Vulnerable Populations']
| 30,274,368
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['J01.637.153'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C25.723.522.750'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['M01.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Urine concentration of nuclear matrix protein 22 for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) level in detection of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 76 patients with newly-diagnosed or recurrent TCC and 75 controls without urinary tract disorders participated in this study. A urine sample was obtained for measurement of the NMP22 level using the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. The resulted values were evaluated in comparison with the results of pathologic examination.RESULTS: A total of 76 patients with TCC of the bladder and 75 volunteers without TCC were enrolled in the study. The mean level of urine NMP22 had an increasing trend associated with tumor grade (P = .01) and tumor stage (P < .001). In participants without TCC, the mean urinary NMP22 level was 5.48 +/- 6.34 U/mL, while this value was 25.01 +/- 35.33 U/mL in patients with TCC of the bladder (P < .001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of urine NMP22 for detection of TCC were 75.5%, 86.7%, 85.1%, 77.4%, and 80.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of NMP22 in detecting stage Ta tumors appeared to be low (31.3%), but for grade 1 tumors, the sensitivity was 66.7%.CONCLUSION: Measurement of urine NMP22 is a noninvasive, highly sensitive, and specific method for detecting TCC of the bladder and estimating its grade and stage. Further studies can be helpful to determine whether it can be used in clinical practice.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 19,101,898
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Selection of optimal extraction process for huolisu capsule by orthogonal design].
|
OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal extraction process for Huolisu capsule.METHOD: The extraction process was studied by orthogonal design with yield of the extracted ginsenoside Re and anthraquinone content determined by RP-HPLC as indexes.RESULT: The result showed that the optimal extraction process was 50% alcohol, 8 times the amount of herbs, refluxing for 2 times, each time 2 hours.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Anthraquinones', 'Capsules', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Ginsenosides', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 14,692,327
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159', 'D02.806.100', 'D04.615.117.159'], ['D26.255.150'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D02.455.849.919.277', 'D09.408.782.300'], ['B01.650.560'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enlargement of a Modular System-Synthesis and Characterization of an s
|
The amount of boron accumulated in tumor tissue plays an important role regarding the success of the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this article, we report a modular system, combining readily available starting materials, like glycine, 1,3,5-triazine and the well-known 9-mercapto-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12), as well as á-d-galactopyranose for increased hydrophilicity, with a novel boron-rich tris-meta-carboranyl thiol.
|
['Boron', 'Boron Compounds', 'Boron Neutron Capture Therapy', 'Carboxylic Acids', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Esters', 'Glycine', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neoplasms', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Triazines']
| 31,509,949
|
[['D01.268.513.500'], ['D01.132', 'D02.203'], ['E02.815.722.500.100'], ['D02.241'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D02.241.400'], ['D12.125.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['C04'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrastructural localization of LH-RH-immunoreactive synapses in the hamster accessory olfactory bulb.
|
Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was used to localize luteinizing hormone-releasing (LH-RH) immunoreactivity within the male golden hamster accessory olfactory bulb. Two LH-RH-immunoreactive fiber populations were identified in the accessory olfactory bulb. A superficial system of immunoreactive axons was localized to the vomeronasal nerve and glomerular layers, and a periventricular system appeared in granule cell and periventricular layers. LH-RH-immunoreactive varicosities were observed to contain large reactive vesicles (80-120 nm) as well as a variable degree of cytoplasmic reaction product. Additionally, small vesicles with unreactive lumens and mitochondria were often present. Intravaricose segments of immunoreactive fibers invariably displayed fewer reactive vesicles than did varicosities. Within both glomerular and periventricular layers, some LH-RH-immunoreactive varicosities were observed to form asymmetric contacts characterized by prominent postjunctional densities. In the glomerular layer, these junctions could be identified as synaptic by several features. The presence of LH-RH-immunoreactivity in presynaptic elements supports a neuromodulatory role for LH-RH. As the accessory olfactory system is critically involved in the initiation of mating behavior of the male golden hamster, LH-RH-immunoreactive synapses in the accessory olfactory bulb may function to regulate reproductive behavior.
|
['Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Rabbits', 'Synapses']
| 6,751,468
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['E05.478'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Air ambulance tasking: mechanism of injury, telephone interrogation or ambulance crew assessment?
|
OBJECTIVE: The identification of serious injury is critical to the tasking of air ambulances. London's Air Ambulance (LAA) is dispatched by a flight paramedic based on mechanism of injury (MOI), paramedical interrogation of caller (INT) or land ambulance crew request (REQ).This study aimed to demonstrate which of the dispatch methods was most effective (in accuracy and time) in identifying patients with serious injury.METHODS: A retrospective review of 3 years of data (to December 2010) was undertaken. Appropriate dispatch was defined as the requirement for LAA to escort the patient to hospital or for resuscitation on-scene. Inaccurate dispatch was where LAA was cancelled or left the patient in the care of the land ambulance crew. The ÷(2) test was used to calculate p values; with significance adjusted to account for multiple testing.RESULTS: There were 2203 helicopter activations analysed: MOI 18.9% (n=417), INT 62.4% (n=1375) and REQ 18.7% (n=411). Appropriate dispatch rates were MOI 58.7% (245/417), INT 69.7% (959/1375) and REQ 72.2% (297/411). INT and REQ were both significantly more accurate than MOI (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in accuracy between INT and REQ (p=0.36). Combining MOI and INT remotely identified 80.2% of patients, with an overtriage rate of 32.8%. Mean time to dispatch (in minutes) was MOI 4, INT 8 and REQ 21.CONCLUSIONS: Telephone interrogation of the caller by a flight paramedic is as accurate as ground ambulance crew requests, and both are significantly better than MOI in identifying serious injury. Overtriage remains an issue with all methods.
|
['Air Ambulances', 'Humans', 'London', 'Remote Consultation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Triage', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 25,527,473
|
[['J01.937.285.100.100', 'N02.421.297.879.100.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['L01.178.847.652.550', 'N04.452.758.849.550', 'N04.590.374.800.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.421.297.900'], ['C26']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Mechanomyogram amplitude correlates with human gastrocnemius medialis muscle and tendon stiffness both before and after acute passive stretching.
|
The study aimed to assess the level of correlation between muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness and mechanomyogram (MMG) signal amplitude of the human gastrocnemius medialis muscle, both before and after acute passive stretching. The passive torque (Tpass), electrically evoked peak torque (pT) and myotendinous junction displacement were determined at different angles of dorsiflexion (0, 10 and 20 deg), while maximum voluntary isometric torque (Tmax) was assessed only at 0 deg. Measurements were repeated after a bout of passive stretching. From the MMG signal, the root mean square (RMS) and peak to peak (p-p) were calculated. The MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness were determined by ultrasound and Tpass measurements. Before stretching, correlations between MMG RMS and MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness were found (R(2) = 0.22-0.46). After stretching, Tpass, Tmax, pT and MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness decreased by 25 ± 7, 16 ± 2, 9 ± 2, 22 ± 7, 23 ± 8 and 28 ± 5%, respectively (P < 0.05). During voluntary and electrically evoked contractions, MMG p-p decreased by 9 ± 2 and 5 ± 1%, while MMG RMS increased by 48 ± 7 and 50 ± 8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Correlations between MMG RMS and MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness were still present after stretching (R(2) = 0.44-0.60). In conclusion, correlations between MMG RMS and stiffness exist both before and after stretching, suggesting that a slacker MTU leads to larger muscle fibre oscillations. However, care must be taken in using MMG amplitude as an indirect index to estimate stiffness owing to the relatively small R(2) values of the investigated correlations.
|
['Adult', 'Ankle Joint', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Stretching Exercises', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Tendons', 'Young Adult']
| 24,951,499
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.750', 'E02.779.483.750', 'E02.831.535.483.750', 'G11.427.410.698.277.249', 'I03.350.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['A02.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Distinct cytokine patterns may regulate the severity of neonatal asphyxia-an observational study.
|
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation and a systemic inflammatory reaction are important features of perinatal asphyxia. Neuroinflammation may have dual aspects being a hindrance, but also a significant help in the recovery of the CNS. We aimed to assess intracellular cytokine levels of T-lymphocytes and plasma cytokine levels in moderate and severe asphyxia in order to identify players of the inflammatory response that may influence patient outcome.METHODS: We analyzed the data of 28 term neonates requiring moderate systemic hypothermia in a single-center observational study. Blood samples were collected between 3 and 6 h of life, at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 1 month of life. Neonates were divided into a moderate (n = 17) and a severe (n = 11) group based on neuroradiological and amplitude-integrated EEG characteristics. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed with flow cytometry. Cytokine plasma levels were measured using Bioplex immunoassays. Components of the kynurenine pathway were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: The prevalence and extravasation of IL-1b + CD4 cells were higher in severe than in moderate asphyxia at 6 h. Based on Receiver operator curve analysis, the assessment of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1â+ and CD4+ IL-1â+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h appears to be able to predict the severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia. Intracellular levels of TNF-á in CD4 cells were increased at all time points compared to 6 h in both groups. At 1 month, intracellular levels of TNF-á were higher in the severe group. Plasma IL-6 levels were higher at 1 week in the severe group and decreased by 1 month in the moderate group. Intracellular levels of IL-6 peaked at 24 h in both groups. Intracellular TGF-â levels were increased from 24 h onwards in the moderate group.CONCLUSIONS: IL-1â and IL-6 appear to play a key role in the early events of the inflammatory response, while TNF-á seems to be responsible for prolonged neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to a worse outcome. The assessment of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1â+ and CD4+ IL-1â+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h appears to be able to predict the severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia.
|
['Asphyxia Neonatorum', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male']
| 29,233,180
|
[['C16.614.092'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Histopathology of the arachnoid granulations and brain in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: correlation with cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histopathology of the arachnoid granulations in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and correlate the findings with clinical data, in particular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure.DESIGN: Case series.METHODS: Postmortems were requested on patients dying during initial hospitalization with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.RESULTS: Five postmortems were performed. Large numbers of cryptococcal cells were seen within the arachnoid granulations. The number of fungal cells correlated with CSF pressure. Inflammatory cell infiltrates and disruption of the normal architecture of the granulations were also observed.CONCLUSION: The study provides the first direct evidence supporting the obstruction to CSF reabsorption at the level of the arachnoid granulations as the main mechanism underlying the development of raised CSF pressure in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adult', 'Arachnoid', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure', 'Diagnosis', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Hypertension', 'Male', 'Meningitis, Cryptococcal']
| 19,952,714
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.566.166'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['G11.561.170'], ['E01'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.631'], ['C01.150.703.181.500.500', 'C01.150.703.248.290', 'C01.207.198.500.500', 'C10.228.228.198.500.500', 'C10.228.614.300.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Interleukin-1beta inhibits a tetraethylammonium-induced synaptic potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro.
|
The effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta on an NMDA receptor-independent form of synaptic plasticity brought about by the application of the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium, was examined in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded from the medial perforant path of the dentate gyrus every 20 s. Perfusion of the K+ channel blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride (25 mM) for 10 min and subsequent washout gave rise to robust and long-term potentiation of the field EPSP slope (tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation; 125+/-5% of baseline 60 min following tetraethlylammonium-washout; n = 7, P < 0.05) Application of interleukin-1beta (1 ng/ml) for 30 min was found to inhibit the induction, but not the maintenance of the tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation (n = 8). Heat denatured interleukin-1beta had no effect on tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation (n = 6). The expression of tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation was found to be accompanied by an increase in the magnitude of paired pulse depression seen at interstimulus intervals of 20 and 100 ms (controls, 42+/-5% and 13+/-2%; tetraethylammonium, 62+/-5% and 22+/-2% respectively for both intervals; n = 6, P < 0.05). The increase in paired pulse depression at an interstimulus interval of 100 ms was significantly attenuated by pre-treatment of slices with interleukin-1beta. The inhibitory effect of interleukin-1beta on both tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation and the tetraethylammonium induced increase in paired pulse depression was antagonised by pre-incubation with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was found to have no effect on tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation when applied on its own (n = 5). The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4 methylesulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole) was also found to inhibit the induction of tetraethylammonium induced long-term potentiation (n = 6). These findings suggest a possible role for interleukin-1beta in the modulation of NMDA receptor-independent synaptic plasticity in the rat dentate gyrus.
|
['Animals', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-1', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Potassium Channel Blockers', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tetraethylammonium', 'Time Factors']
| 10,422,760
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['D27.505.519.562.500', 'D27.505.954.411.645'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.092.877.787.500', 'D02.675.276.787.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Facing a Second Wave from a Regional View: Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 as a Key Determinant for Public Health and Geoprevention Plans.
|
Several studies on spatial patterns of COVID-19 show huge differences depending on the country or region under study, although there is some agreement that socioeconomic factors affect these phenomena. The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge of the socio-spatial behavior of coronavirus and implementing a geospatial methodology and digital system called SITAR (Fast Action Territorial Information System, by its Spanish acronym). We analyze as a study case a region of Spain called Cantabria, geocoding a daily series of microdata coronavirus records provided by the health authorities (Government of Cantabria-Spain) with the permission of Medicines Ethics Committee from Cantabria (CEIm, June 2020). Geocoding allows us to provide a new point layer based on the microdata table that includes cases with a positive result in a COVID-19 test. Regarding general methodology, our research is based on Geographical Information Technologies using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Technologies. This tool is a global reference for spatial COVID-19 research, probably due to the world-renowned COVID-19 dashboard implemented by the Johns Hopkins University team. In our analysis, we found that the spatial distribution of COVID-19 in urban locations presents a not random distribution with clustered patterns and density matters in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, large metropolitan areas or districts with a higher number of persons tightly linked together through economic, social, and commuting relationships are the most vulnerable to pandemic outbreaks, particularly in our case study. Furthermore, public health and geoprevention plans should avoid the idea of economic or territorial stigmatizations. We hold the idea that SITAR in particular and Geographic Information Technologies in general contribute to strategic spatial information and relevant results with a necessary multi-scalar perspective to control the pandemic.
|
['Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Geographic Mapping', 'Geography, Medical', 'Humans', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'Public Health', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Spain']
| 33,207,598
|
[['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['E05.318.389', 'E05.318.740.933.249', 'N05.715.360.750.746.249', 'N06.850.520.830.933.249'], ['H01.277.500.097', 'H02.403.352'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Fatal systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Ochroconis gallopavum in a dog (Canis familaris).
|
A 5-year-old Shetland Sheepdog was presented with a history of weakness, ataxia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and occasional seizures. The dog had been treated for 6 months with prednisone for inflammatory bowel disease. A positive titer for Ehrlichia canis was detected 6 months before referral. The initial physical examination revealed a weak, laterally recumbent dog with pale mucous membranes. Neurologic examination revealed multiple neurologic deficits. A complete blood cell count (CBC) revealed normochromic, normocytic, nonregenerative anemia; lymphopenia; thrombocytopenia; and neutrophilic and monocytic leukocytosis. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria, with a specific gravity of 1.045. The dog was unresponsive to treatment and died. At necropsy, there was severe serofibrinous peritonitis and pleuritis, with randomly scattered dark brown necrotic foci present in multiple organs, including liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreatic lymph node. Histologically, there were extensive regions of parenchymal necrosis surrounded by neutrophils admixed with epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, and pigmented fungal organisms. Numerous brown, 2 to 6 microm in diameter, septate, branching hyphae, subsequently identified as Ochroconis gallopavum (formerly Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava), were observed.
|
['Animals', 'Ascomycota', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Liver', 'Mycoses']
| 17,099,156
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.300.107'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['A03.620'], ['C01.150.703']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A palaeoparasitological analysis of rodent coprolites from the Cueva Huenul 1 archaeological site in Patagonia (Argentina).
|
The aim of the present study was to examine the parasite fauna present in rodent coprolites collected from Cueva Huenul 1 (CH1), northern Neuqu?n (Patagonia, Argentina), an archaeological site that provides stratified sequences of archaeological and palaeontological remains dating from the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Transition to the Late Holocene period. Twenty rodent coprolites collected from different sedimentary units from the site, with ages ranging from 13.844 ± 75-1.416 ± 37 years BP, were examined for parasites. Each coprolite was processed as a whole: rehydrated, homogenised, spontaneously sedimented and examined using light microscopy. The coprolites and the eggs of any parasites present were described, measured and photographed. In all, 158 parasite eggs were found in 10 coprolites. The faeces were positive for Viscachataenia quadrata Denegri, Dopchiz, Elissondo & Beveridge and Monoecocestus sp. Beddard (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) and for Heteroxynema (Cavioxyura) viscaciae Sutton & Hugot (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). The coprolites examined were tentatively attributed to Lagidium viscacia Molina (Mammalia, Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae). The life cycles of these parasites are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Argentina', 'Feces', 'Fossils', 'Paleopathology', 'Rodentia']
| 22,850,950
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.077'], ['A12.459'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['I01.076.368.584.709'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Impaired intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of hyperuricemia.
|
Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of hyperuricemia on the damage to target organs, including the kidneys, joints and the heart. However, it is unclear whether hyperuricemia results in damage to the intestines. The aim of the present study was to investigate intestinal barrier dysfunction in a mouse model of hyperuricemia constructed by knocking out the urate oxidase (Uox) gene. The morphology of the intestine was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin, and alcian blue staining. The serum and intestinal tissue levels of uric acid, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑á and interleukin (IL)‑6, in addition to the presence of uremic toxins in the serum, were assessed. The levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), D‑lactate (D‑LAC) and endotoxins in the serum, which are markers of the intestinal permeability, were measured using ELISA. The expression of the intestinal tight junction proteins zona occludens‑1 (ZO‑1) and occludin were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The Uox‑knockout mice spontaneously developed hyperuricemia. Histopathological analysis indicated notable intestinal defects including sparse villi, mucosal edema and a declining mucus layer in hyperuricemic mice. The expression levels of ZO‑1 and occludin in the intestines were downregulated, and the serum levels of DAO, D‑LAC and endotoxins were higher in the hyperuricemic mice, compared with control mice. The serum and intestinal tissue levels of IL‑6 and TNF‑á were significantly increased. Additionally, the expression levels of the serum uremic toxins, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased in hyperuricemic mice compared with the control mice, while only a marked increase in indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p‑cresol sulfate was reported. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that intestinal barrier dysfunction and subsequent enhanced intestinal permeability may occur as a result of hyperuricemia in mice. Furthermore, we proposed that the loss of intestinal epithelium barrier function may be associated with uric acid‑induced inflammatory responses; however, further investigation is required.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hyperuricemia', 'Interleukin-6', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Occludin', 'Permeability', 'Tight Junctions', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Urate Oxidase', 'Uric Acid', 'Zonula Occludens-1 Protein']
| 31,432,190
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.449'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.488.500', 'D12.776.543.940.750'], ['G02.723'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.682.943'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877'], ['D12.776.543.940.900.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recurrent urticaria as a rare manifestation of familial Mediterranean fever.
|
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic disorder characterized by acute episodes of fever with some combination of severe abdominal pain, pleurisy, arthritis, and skin rash. The case of a patient with recurrent urticaria referred for study of drug allergy is presented. After allergy had been ruled out, the urticaria was attributed to previously undiagnosed symptoms of an underlying systemic disease: FME. Urticaria is the least frequent cutaneous manifestation of this disease, and genetic analysis was required to confirm the diagnosis.
|
['Adult', 'Familial Mediterranean Fever', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Recurrence', 'Urticaria']
| 12,109,534
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C16.320.382.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Loss of cannabinoid receptor binding and messenger RNA levels and cannabinoid agonist-stimulated [35S]guanylyl-5'O-(thio)-triphosphate binding in the basal ganglia of aged rats.
|
Recent reports have demonstrated that cannabinoid receptor binding decreases in several neurodegenerative diseases related to extrapyramidal function. However, there is little evidence with regard to potential changes of these receptors during senescence. The present study was designed to determine the possible existence of ageing-induced changes in cannabinoid receptor binding and gene expression in extrapyramidal areas. To this end, we analysed cannabinoid receptor binding and basal and cannabinoid receptor agonist-stimulated [35S]guanylyl-5'-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate binding, by using autoradiography, and cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA levels, by using in situ hybridization, in slide-mounted brain sections obtained from young (three-month-old) and aged (>two-year-old) rats. Results were as follows. Aged rats exhibited a marked decrease in cannabinoid receptor binding in most of the basal ganglia, excepting the globus pallidus which had similar binding levels in both young and aged rats. The highest decreases were in the entopeduncular nucleus (-49.6%) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (-45.2%), whereas more moderate decreases were found in the lateral caudate putamen (-29%) and only a decremental trend in the medial caudate putamen (-13.1%). These decreases in cannabinoid receptor binding were paralleled by less marked increases in WIN 55212-2-stimulated [35S]guanylyl-5'-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate binding in these structures in aged rats (% of agonist stimulation: 189% in the substantia nigra; 29.4% in the lateral caudate putamen) as compared to young rats (296% and 53.2%, respectively). Contrarily, the percentage of agonist stimulation was similar in the globus pallidus, an area where cannabinoid receptor binding did not change during ageing, of aged (205.5%) and young (215.5%) rats. In addition, aged rats also exhibited significant reductions in the cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA levels in the medial (-14.3%) and, in particular, in the lateral (-29.4%) caudate putamen, the area where the cell bodies of cannabinoid receptor-containing neurons, projecting to the substantia nigra, entopeduncular nucleus and globus pallidus, are located. In summary, the synthesis and binding levels of cannabinoid receptors markedly dropped in different structures of the extrapyramidal system of aged rats. Since these receptors, located in the basal ganglia, seem to play a role in motor control, this loss of cannabinoid receptors might be related to the motor impairment which progressively appears during senescence.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Benzoxazines', 'Cannabinoids', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Morpholines', 'Naphthalenes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Cannabinoid', 'Receptors, Drug']
| 9,578,396
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['D03.383.533.249', 'D03.633.100.209'], ['D02.455.849.090'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D03.383.533.640'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125'], ['D12.776.827']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The safety, effectiveness and concentrations of adjusted lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected adults on rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy.
|
OBJECTIVE: Rifampicin co-administration dramatically reduces plasma lopinavir concentrations. Studies in healthy volunteers and HIV-infected patients showed that doubling the dose of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or adding additional ritonavir offsets this interaction. However, high rates of hepatotoxicity were observed in healthy volunteers. We evaluated the safety, effectiveness and pre-dose concentrations of adjusted doses of LPV/r in HIV infected adults treated with rifampicin-based tuberculosis treatment.METHODS: Adult patients on a LPV/r-based antiretroviral regimen and rifampicin-based tuberculosis therapy were enrolled. Doubled doses of LPV/r or an additional 300 mg of ritonavir were used to overcome the inducing effect of rifampicin. Steady-state lopinavir pre-dose concentrations were evaluated every second month.RESULTS: 18 patients were enrolled with a total of 79 patient months of observation. 11/18 patients were followed up until tuberculosis treatment completion. During tuberculosis treatment, the median (IQR) pre-dose lopinavir concentration was 6.8 (1.1-9.2) mg/L and 36/47 (77%) were above the recommended trough concentration of 1 mg/L. Treatment was generally well tolerated with no grade 3 or 4 toxicity: 8 patients developed grade 1 or 2 transaminase elevation, 1 patient defaulted additional ritonavir due to nausea and 1 patient developed diarrhea requiring dose reduction. Viral loads after tuberculosis treatment were available for 11 patients and 10 were undetectable.CONCLUSION: Once established on treatment, adjusted doses of LPV/r co-administered with rifampicin-based tuberculosis treatment were tolerated and LPV pre-dose concentrations were adequate.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Coinfection', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Lopinavir', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rifampin', 'Ritonavir', 'Tuberculosis']
| 22,412,856
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['C01.218'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.742.698.553'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['D02.886.675.653', 'D03.383.129.708.653'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic corticosteroid administration causes mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle.
|
Corticosteroid myopathy is a major clinical problem in patients undergoing chronic corticosteroid treatment and shows insidious and progressive muscle atrophy in proximal limbs. Although several mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of muscle injury have been postulated, precise pathogenesis is still not clear. We evaluated the mitochondrial functions in patients receiving corticosteroids compared with those in healthy controls or patients not receiving corticosteroids. The serum levels and total production of lactate were investigated by an aerobic exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. Mitochondrial respiratory activities and oxidative damage in biopsied skeletal muscles were also studied. The results of aerobic exercise tests revealed a significant overproduction of lactate in patients treated with corticosteroids ( p < 0.005), which was positively correlated with total corticosteroid doses administered ( p < 0.0001). In these patients, mitochondrial enzyme activity in complex I was significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) and oxidative damage of biopsied skeletal muscle was remarkable both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs ( p < 0.001). The results suggest that chronic corticosteroid administration induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in skeletal muscles, which may be the pathogenesis, at least in part, of corticosteroid-induced myopathy.
|
["8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine", 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA Damage', 'Deoxyguanosine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electron Transport Complex I', 'Electron Transport Complex II', 'Electron Transport Complex III', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondria', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Pyruvic Acid', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'Time Factors']
| 12,195,445
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240.500', 'D13.570.230.360.500', 'D13.570.583.454.240.500'], ['D06.472.040'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G05.200'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240', 'D13.570.230.360', 'D13.570.583.454.240'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D05.500.562.249', 'D08.811.600.250.500.500', 'D08.811.682.608.504', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.863', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.300', 'D12.776.331.199.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.437', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.140'], ['D05.500.562.750.249', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249', 'D08.811.682.660.385', 'D08.811.682.830.249', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909', 'D12.776.331.199.750', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141'], ['D05.500.562.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.500', 'D08.811.682.830.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.954', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.303', 'D12.776.543.277.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.468', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.142'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D08.811.682.608'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D02.241.755.812.800'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bronchospasm and cough as adverse reactions to the ACE inhibitors captopril, enalapril and lisinopril. A controlled retrospective cohort study.
|
1. We report a controlled retrospective cohort study of respiratory adverse reactions to ACE inhibitors. Bronchospasm and cough occurred at a higher rate in patients treated with ACE inhibitors, no links with sex, past history of bronchospasm, drug type or dose were found. 2. Cohorts of 1013 patients on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and 1017 patients on lipid lowering drugs (LLDs) were compared for the occurrence of new bronchospasm, relapse of previous bronchospasm, increase of current bronchospasm, and cough. 3. The prevalence of bronchospasm was 5.5% for patients on ACE inhibitors and 2.3% for patients on LLDs, P < 0.001. The relative risk of a bronchospasm adverse reaction for a patient on an ACE inhibitor compared with a patient on a LLD was 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.47 to 3.90. 4. No ACE inhibitor specificity, or significant sex differences were found in the prevalence of bronchospasm or cough after correcting for bias implicit in the original cohorts. The bronchospastic reactions were not dose dependent. 5. The prevalence of a past history of bronchospasm in patients reporting ACE inhibitor-induced bronchospasm (16%) was not significantly different from the prevalence in patients on ACE inhibitors without an adverse reaction (13%), P = 0.447. 6. The prevalence of ACE inhibitor cohort cough was 12.3% and 2.7% in the patients on LLDs, P < 0.0001. Cough did not occur more commonly in patients on ACE inhibitors who had experienced any bronchospasm (28%) than in patients on LLDs with bronchospasm (27%).
|
['Aged', 'Bronchial Spasm', 'Captopril', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cohort Studies', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cough', 'Enalapril', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Lisinopril', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 7,619,667
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.321'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071', 'D27.505.954.557.500'], ['D12.644.456.345.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Polarity in gene araB of the l-Arabinose operon in Escherichia coli B/r.
|
A series of mutations are described which map in the araB gene of the l-arabinose operon and exert a polar effect on gene araA, the structural gene for the l-arabinose isomerase. Ten of the 20 araB point mutants examined exhibited absolute polarity and may represent insertions of genetic material into the araB gene. The remaining 10 point mutants exhibit strong polarity (less than 10% of the normal wild-type inducible level of isomerase) and may represent a class of externally suppressible polar mutations other than amber or ochre. Seven of the 12 araB deletion mutants examined, or 58%, exhibit polarity, suggesting that a shift in the reading frame has been generated in the polycistronic message for the l-arabinose operon. The remaining, presumably in-phase, deletion mutants exhibit hyperinducible levels of isomerase, an effect that is eliminated when an araB(+) gene is introduced in the trans position. The hyperinducibility effect is discussed in terms of a model for self-catabolite repression, originally proposed by Katz and Englesberg.
|
['Arabinose', 'Culture Media', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes', 'Methods', 'Molecular Biology', 'Mutagens', 'Mutation', 'Operon', 'Transduction, Genetic']
| 4,901,356
|
[['D09.947.875.627.166'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['E05.581'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification and chromosome assignment of a human gene encoding a novel phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase.
|
We identified a novel phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase by screening human brain cDNA libraries with probes designed from the conserved kinase-domain sequence. Analysis of cDNAs indicated that two different forms of transcripts are present: one is the full-length form composed of 1,044 amino acid residues and the other is the short form that the N-terminal 216 amino acid residues including a putative p85 binding domain has been truncated (828 amino acid residues). Database search revealed the sequence of the full-length form to be identical to that recently registered by D. Chantry et al. (Accession No. U86453 in GenBank release, August 1997). Northern blot analysis showed this mRNA to be ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with relatively higher expression was observed in spleen, thymus and leukocytes. Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR-based analyses with both human/rodent mono-chromosomal hybrid cell panels and radiation hybrid mapping panels, this gene was localized to chromosome region 1p36.2. This region is frequently lost in a variety of human malignancies, including neuroblastoma. The novel PI3K could be a candidate target of the 1p36 alteration that occurs in neuroendocrine tumors.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Cricetinae', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Hybrid Cells', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Mice', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 9,455,486
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mass spectrometric determination of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (TDCP) using NCI-technique.
|
A number of different products suspected to contain flame retardants were analysed. TDCP was found in 11 out of 104 samples. It was most common in polyurethane products such as sound absorbing materials and liners for cars and buses. To get an integrated picture of TDCP exposure the contents of vacuum cleaner bags from two homes were analysed. One of these contained TDCP. To investigate possible presence in humans, blood samples were analysed. For clean-up, Sep-Pak cartridges with C18 phase were used. These cartridges contained TDCP and it was not possible to eliminate this background entirely. The NCIMS detection sensitivity for TDCP was better when analysing plasma extracts than when analysing pure standard solutions. Thus quantitative determinations of TDCP must be made by standard additions to plasma extracts. Something in the blood plasma seems to be able to bind or immobilise a certain amount of TDCP. Therefore it was not possible to analyse amounts less than 600 pg/ml whole blood with this method. None of the 37 analysed blood samples exceeded this value.
|
['Electrochemistry', 'Flame Retardants', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Organophosphorus Compounds']
| 3,596,894
|
[['H01.181.529.307'], ['D27.720.361'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.705']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anoxic block of GABAergic IPSPs.
|
In rat hippocampal slices GABAergic IPSPs are very rapidly suppressed by anoxia (in less than 2 min). Both early (GABAA) and late (GABAB) components are affected. After reoxygenation, the IPSPs recover, but only slowly and not always completely. Iontophoretic applications of GABA or baclofen indicated no major depression of responses during anoxia. It is therefore unlikely that the anoxic suppression of IPSPs is caused by desensitizations of GABA receptors. A more probable explanation is a failure of GABAergic neurons to release GABA from inhibitory nerve terminals.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Baclofen', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Hippocampus', 'Kinetics', 'Oxygen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Synapses', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 1,780,029
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350.100'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Developing a dermatological photodiagnosis system by optical image analyses and in vivo study.
|
Dermatological photodynamic therapy (DPDT) involves using systematic photosensitizers in combination with light irradiation treatment to eliminate cancer cells. Therefore, a noninvasive fluorescence photodiagnosis system is critical in DPDT for diagnosing target tissues and demarcating the margin of normal tissues. This study proposes a 375-nm ring LED light module in fluorescence imaging for DPDT applications. Image reproducibility (I.R.) and image interference (I.I.) analysis were performed. The results showed that the I.R. value of this fluorescence diagnostic system was higher than 99.0%, and the I.I. from external light sources was lower than 3.0%. In addition, the result of an in vivo study showed that the Chlorin e6 red fluorescence and the scope of distribution of B16-F10 melanoma cells in a mouse ear's vein could be measured clearly using our device; however, the comparison studio with 395-nm LED lights could not focus or capture the red fluorescence effectively.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dermoscopy', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Lighting', 'Melanoma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Photography', 'Porphyrins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 27,318,114
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E01.370.350.515.277.250', 'E05.595.185.250'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Renal failure and recovery associated with second-generation Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.
|
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed against the Bcr-Abl kinase have revolutionized the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Relatively little is known regarding the effects of these agents on the kidney. Clinically, there have been a handful of reports associating imatinib with acute renal failure. Preclinical reports indicate that imatinib inhibits signaling pathways which may play a role in renal injury. We report the case of a patient with imatinib-resistant CML who developed renal failure after being placed on dasatinib. When she later became resistant to dasatinib she was switched to nilotinib. Shortly thereafter, she became dialysis-independent. Second-generation Bcr-Abl TKIs may influence renal function based on differential inhibition of related tyrosine kinases.
|
['Benzamides', 'Dasatinib', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Middle Aged', 'Piperazines', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyrimidines', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Thiazoles']
| 18,835,038
|
[['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['D02.886.675.184', 'D03.383.129.708.198', 'D03.383.742.148'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500.500', 'D12.776.602.500.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.171.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.456', 'D02.241.223.100.100.435', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.465', 'D03.383.606.405', 'D03.383.742.349'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.742'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Defect-Type-Dependent Near-Infrared-Driven Photocatalytic Bacterial Inactivation by Defective Bi2
|
Defect engineering is crucial in tailoring photocatalytic efficiency, but it suffers from uncertainty in determining the vacancy type and in which type of the vacancy can better promote the photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, Bi2 S3 nanorods with bismuth or sulfur vacancies were synthesized to investigate their distinct effects on the electronic structure, electron-hole separation characteristics, and near-infrared (NIR)-driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation activity. Both bismuth and sulfur vacancies can enhance the light absorption ability of Bi2 S3 . However, the lifetime of photoinduced electrons is extended by bismuth vacancies but shortened by sulfur vacancies. Owing to these tendencies, Bi2 S3 with Bi vacancies fully inactivated 7 log E. coli cells within 40 min of NIR irradiation, displaying better NIR-driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation efficiency than Bi2 S3 with S vacancies. This study discloses the defect-type-dependent photocatalytic behaviors, providing new insights into designing highly efficient photocatalysts.
|
['Bacteria', 'Bismuth', 'Catalysis', 'Escherichia coli', 'Infrared Rays', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanotubes', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Sulfides', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 30,488,560
|
[['B03'], ['D01.268.271.245', 'D01.268.556.100', 'D01.496.749.305.245', 'D01.552.544.100'], ['G02.130'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['G02.740'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Uric acid increases fibronectin synthesis through upregulation of lysyl oxidase expression in rat renal tubular epithelial cells.
|
Urate is produced as the major end product of purine metabolism. In the last decade, the incidence of hyperuricemia increased markedly, and similar trends in the epidemiology of metabolic syndrome have been observed. Hyperuricemia is associated with renal disease, and recent studies have reported that mild hyperuricemia results in hypertension, intrarenal vascular disease, and renal injury. This has led to the hypothesis that uric acid may contribute to renal fibrosis and progressive renal disease. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between uric acid and renal tubular injury. We applied the method of intraperitoneal injection of uric acid to generate the hyperuricemic mouse model. Compared with the saline injection group, the expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and fibronectin in kidneys was increased significantly in hyperuricemic groups. In vitro, uric acid significantly induced NRK-52E cells to express the ECM marker fibronectin, as well as LOX, which plays a pivotal role in ECM maturation, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Upregulation of the urate transporter URAT1, which is located in the apical membrane of proximal tubules, sensitized the uric acid-induced fibronectin and LOX induction, while both knocking down URAT1 expression in tubular epithelial cells by RNA interference and inhibiting URAT1 function pharmacologically attenuated LOX and fibronectin expression. Furthermore, knockdown of LOX expression by a small interfering RNA strategy led to a decrease in fibronectin abundance induced by uric acid treatment. In addition, evidence of a uric acid-induced activation of the NF-kappaB signaling cascade was observed. Our findings highlight a need for carefully reevaluating our previous view on the pathological roles of hyperuricemia in the kidney and nephropathy induced by uric acid in clinical practice.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Fibronectins', 'Fibrosis', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Hyperuricemia', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'NF-kappa B', 'Organic Anion Transporters', 'Probenecid', 'Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase', 'RNA Interference', 'Rats', 'Time Factors', 'Up-Regulation', 'Uric Acid']
| 20,484,295
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.436'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['C23.550.355'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['C23.550.449'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500'], ['D02.065.884.625', 'D02.886.590.700.625'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.848'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of colony-stimulating activity in mice by injection of liposomes containing lipophilic muramyl peptide derivatives.
|
Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity induction by lipophilic derivatives of three muramyl peptides, glyceryl dipalmitate-MDP derivatives, was studied in vivo and in vitro and compared to the activity of the same compounds incorporated within freeze-dried liposomes. Two lipophilic derivatives (MDP-GDP and MDPGBe-GDP) were able to induce CSF activity in vivo and in vitro. The incorporation of these compounds within appropriately designed liposomes composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (DSPC/PS) increased their ability to induce CSF activity in vivo but completely abrogated their ability to induce CSF activity in vitro. Furthermore, the phospholipid composition of liposomes influenced the efficacy of glycopeptide liposomal incorporation. Thus, the serum CSF-inducing effect of MDP-GDP was considerably enhanced by incorporation of this compound within liposomes composed of DSPC/PS at a molar ratio 7:0.3 but was not modified if the DSPC/PS molar ratio was 7:3. The lipophilic derivative of MDP (D-D), MDP (D-D)-GDP, was unable to induce CSF activity in vivo or in vitro but surprisingly became active in vivo after entrapment within DSPC/PS liposomes (molar ratio 7:0.3). Our results show that appropriate liposomes may be suitable carriers to deliver CSF activity-inducing agents to macrophages in vivo.
|
['Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colony-Stimulating Factors', 'Female', 'Liposomes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Reference Values', 'Spleen', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 2,783,556
|
[['D09.067.550.050', 'D09.811.522.050', 'D12.644.233.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240', 'D12.776.395.240', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240', 'D23.529.374.410.240'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of smoking status on outcomes after concomitant aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the impact of smoking status on outcomes after concomitant aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft (AVR-CABG) surgery.METHODS: Data obtained prospectively between June 2001 and December 2009 by the Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Database Program were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and operative data were compared between patients who were nonsmokers, previous smokers, and current smokers using chi-square test and t-test. The independent impact of smoking status on 14 short-term complications and long-term mortality was determined using binary logistic and Cox regression, respectively.RESULTS: Concomitant AVR-CABG surgery was performed in 2,563 patients; smoking status was recorded in 2,558 (99.8%) patients. Of these, 1,052 (41.1%) patients had no previous smoking history, 1,345 (52.6%) patients were previous smokers, and 161 (6.3%) patients were current smokers. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.5% in nonsmokers, 4.1% in previous smokers, and 3.1% in current smokers (p = nonsignificant). The incidence of perioperative complications was similar in the three groups. The mean follow-up period for this study was 36 months (range, 0-105 months). After adjusting for differences in patient variables, the incidence of late mortality was higher in previous smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.81; p = 0.002) compared with nonsmokers. A trend toward increased late mortality in current smokers was noted (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.86-2.08; p = 0.201).CONCLUSION: Smoking is not associated with adverse outcomes after concomitant AVR-CABG surgery. Smoking status should not, therefore, preclude these patients from undergoing this procedure. Given the adverse effect of smoking on overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and late postoperative mortality, patients should be encouraged to quit smoking.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Valve', 'Australia', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Smoking Prevention', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,163,261
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['C14.280.484'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Feeding a polyunsaturated fatty acid diet prevents the age-associated decline in glucose uptake observed in rats fed a saturated diet.
|
The ability of the intestine to adapt to changes in environmental stimuli may be compromised with aging. Young animals fed saturated fatty acids (SFA) versus polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have an increased intestinal uptake of glucose. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the effects of age on glucose uptake in rats; (2) the influence of feeding SFA versus PUFA; and (3) the mechanisms of these age- and diet-associated changes. Male Fischer 344 rats aged 1, 9 and 24 months received semi-purified isocaloric diets enriched with either SFA or PUFA. The uptake of 14C-labelled D-glucose was determined in vitro using the intestinal sheet method. Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the effects of age and diet on SGLT1, GLUT2 and Na(+)K(+)-ATPase. The mucosal surface area of the jejunum was reduced in 9 and 24 as compared with 1-month-old rats fed SFA. PUFA delayed this age-associated reduction in surface area. In SFA, the ileal uptake of glucose fell with age when expressed on the basis of intestinal or mucosal weight. Feeding PUFA prevented this decline. Alterations in glucose uptake were not paralleled by the changes in SGLT1, GLUT2 or Na(+)K(+)-ATPase abundance.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Dietary Fats, Unsaturated', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucose', 'Ileum', 'Jejunum', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase']
| 12,735,904
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D10.212.302.380', 'G07.203.300.375.400', 'J02.500.375.400'], ['D10.251'], ['G05.297'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.437.500', 'D12.776.157.530.500.750.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.696', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.562.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.821'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mutations and polymorphisms in genes affecting hemostasis proteins and homocysteine metabolism in children with arterial ischemic stroke.
|
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of thrombosis in childhood seems to be multifactorial implicating genetic and environmental factors.AIM: To compare the distributions of mutations/polymorphisms in genes affecting hemostasis (factor V Leiden - FVL, FV H1298R-FVR2, FII 20210A, b-Fib 455G>A, FXIII V34L, PAI-1 4G, HPA-1b) or homocysteine metabolism (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C) among 90 children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and 103 controls, and to associate the carriage of these mutations/polymorphisms with their corresponding proteins in children with AIS.RESULTS: AIS was more frequent in boys (p < 0.01). No studied mutation/polymorphism was found to be a risk factor for AIS, except for FVL [odds ratio 4.2 (95% CI 1.5-12.1)], the presence of which was even higher in 31 children with congenital AIS [odds ratio 6.82 (95% CI 2.0-22.8)]. FVL carriers had an odds ratio of 5.76 (95% CI 1.6-6.4) when FVR2 was absent. In thrombosed children, activated protein C resistance, prothrombin and fibrinogen levels were higher in the presence of FVL, FII20210A or b-Fib 455G-->A, respectively. Double heterozygotes in both MTHFR C677T and A1298T or homozygotes in one had significantly elevated homocysteine levels.CONCLUSION: Except for FVL, no definite conclusion could be reached regarding the involvement of the studied mutations/polymorphisms in childhood AIS.
|
['Alleles', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA', 'Factor V', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hemostasis', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke']
| 16,567,932
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.776.124.125.300', 'D12.776.811.272', 'D23.119.300'], ['G05.380'], ['G09.188.390'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enduring increases in anxiety-like behavior and rapid nucleus accumbens dopamine signaling in socially isolated rats.
|
Social isolation (SI) rearing, a model of early life stress, results in profound behavioral alterations, including increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired sensorimotor gating and increased self-administration of addictive substances. These changes are accompanied by alterations in mesolimbic dopamine function, such as increased dopamine and metabolite tissue content, increased dopamine responses to cues and psychostimulants, and increased dopamine neuron burst firing. Using voltammetric techniques, we examined the effects of SI rearing on dopamine transporter activity, vesicular release and dopamine D2-type autoreceptor activity in the nucleus accumbens core. Long-Evans rats were housed in group (GH; 4/cage) or SI (1/cage) conditions from weaning into early adulthood [postnatal day (PD) 28-77]. After this initial housing period, rats were assessed on the elevated plus-maze for an anxiety-like phenotype, and then slice voltammetry experiments were performed. To study the enduring effects of SI rearing on anxiety-like behavior and dopamine terminal function, another cohort of similarly reared rats was isolated for an additional 4 months (until PD 174) and then tested. Our findings demonstrate that SI rearing results in lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior, dopamine release and dopamine transporter activity, but not D2 activity. Interestingly, GH-reared rats that were isolated as adults did not develop the anxiety-like behavior or dopamine changes seen in SI-reared rats. Together, our data suggest that early life stress results in an anxiety-like phenotype, with lasting increases in dopamine terminal function.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Anxiety', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Exocytosis', 'Nucleus Accumbens', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Signal Transduction', 'Social Isolation']
| 23,294,165
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.470.132'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.124', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.124', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.500'], ['G04.468'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['F01.145.813.781', 'I01.880.853.748']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of adipose stem cells sources from various locations of rat body for their application for seeding on polymer scaffolds.
|
Adipose tissue yields adult adipose stem cells (ASCs) in large quantities via less-invasive methods. These cells are of interest owing to their modulating properties and paracrine activities, which can be harnessed in regenerative medicine. Many studies on the use of rat fat tissue in an autologous animal model have been conducted; however, the different locations to obtain stromal vascular fraction of rat fat depots have not been fully characterized. The purpose of the current study was to identify optimal source of ASC from various locations of rat body. Animal experiments in vitro revealed that fat depots from cervical fat are an optimal ASC source. A high ASC yield facilitates subsequent studies on autologous transplantation in rats. The secondary objective was to compare the efficiency of osteoinductive media composition and evaluate of osteogenic potential of ASCs for seeding on scaffolds for bone repair. Scaffolds were assessed in vitro, using rat adipose stem cells and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) or polycaprolactone covered with tricalcium phosphate (PCL + 5%TCP). Seeded ASCs adhere to the surface and migrate to the scaffolds. Upon staining and determining alkaline phosphatase levels, PCL + 5%TCP scaffolds performed better than PCL scaffolds. Furthermore, growth factors such as BMP2 and FGF2 significantly increased ASC mineralization and induced osteogenesis (p < 0.05). Our results may help select and develop pre-clinical animal model for confirming the use of ASC, alone or in association with appropriate biomaterials for bone repair.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult Stem Cells', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Osteogenesis', 'Polyesters', 'Rats', 'Tissue Scaffolds']
| 30,686,126
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['A11.872.040'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemical, physical, and sensory properties of dairy products enriched with conjugated linoleic acid.
|
Recent studies have illustrated the effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on human health. Ruminant-derived meat, milk and dairy products are the predominant sources of cis-9,trans-11 CLA in the human diet. This study evaluated the processing properties, texture, storage characteristics, and organoleptic properties of UHT milk, Caerphilly cheese, and butter produced from a milk enriched to a level of cis-9,trans-11 CLA that has been shown to have biological effects in humans. Forty-nine early-lactation Holstein-British Friesian cows were fed total mixed rations containing 0 (control) or 45 g/kg (on dry matter basis) of a mixture (1:2 wt/wt) of fish oil and sunflower oil during two consecutive 7-d periods to produce a control and CLA-enhanced milk, respectively. Milk produced from cows fed the control and fish and sunflower oil diets contained 0.54 and 4.68 g of total CLA/100 g of fatty acids, respectively. Enrichment of CLA in raw milk from the fish and sunflower oil diet was also accompanied by substantial increases in trans C18:1 levels, lowered C18:0, cis-C18:1, and total saturated fatty acid concentrations, and small increases in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The CLA-enriched milk was used for the manufacture of UHT milk, butter, and cheese. Both the CLA-enhanced butter and cheese were less firm than control products. Although the sensory profiles of the CLA-enriched milk, butter, and cheese differed from those of the control products with respect to some attributes, the overall impression and flavor did not differ. In conclusion, it is feasible to produce CLA-enriched dairy products with acceptable storage and sensory characteristics.
|
['Animals', 'Butter', 'Cattle', 'Cheese', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Dairy Products', 'Diet', 'Fats', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Fish Oils', 'Food Handling', 'Food Preservation', 'Food, Fortified', 'Hot Temperature', 'Lactation', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Milk', 'Milk Proteins', 'Plant Oils', 'Sensation', 'Sunflower Oil', 'Taste']
| 16,027,207
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.212.302.199', 'G07.203.300.350.100', 'G07.203.300.375.200', 'J02.500.350.100', 'J02.500.375.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['G07.203.300.350', 'J02.500.350'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212'], ['D10.251'], ['D10.627.430'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790'], ['D20.215.784.750.910'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Orientation selectivity in luminance and color vision assessed using 2-d band-pass filtered spatial noise.
|
We evaluated orientation discrimination in color and luminance vision using an external noise paradigm. Stimuli were spatiotemporal patches of 2D orientation noise isolating the achromatic, red-green and blue-yellow mechanisms, and matched in multiples of contrast detection threshold. We found a monotonic increase of orientation discrimination thresholds with the stimuli orientation bandwidths that is similar for both color and luminance contrasts. This dependence was fitted with two suitable models. A variance summation model suggests that internal orientation noise is significantly greater for the chromatic than for the achromatic mechanisms, while the efficiencies are similar. A gain control model of orientation tuning suggests that both chromatic and achromatic mechanisms are characterized by broadly tuned orientation detectors and that the relative chromatic deficit in orientation discrimination may only result from a slightly broader orientation tuning for the chromatic mechanisms. The moderate deficiency in chromatic orientation discrimination may account for the small differences found in shape perception between color and luminance vision.
|
['Color Perception', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Models, Neurological', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Sensory Thresholds']
| 15,639,495
|
[['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.593.710']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monitoring of mycophenolate acid in serum or plasma using LC tandem mass spectrometry.
|
Therapeutic drug management of patients receiving mycophenolic mofetil or mycophenolate sodium using mycophenolic acid (MPA) concentrations is controversial. Considered to be less toxic compared to many of the other drugs used in immunosuppression regimens, MPA is not tolerated by all patients. For these patients, monitoring is useful in achieving desired therapeutic targets, reducing adverse effects, and individualizing dosing. We describe an LC-MS-MS that permits the measurement of MPA and 7-O-glucuronide mycophenolic acid (MPAG) in serum or plasma.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Glucuronides', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 20,077,090
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.500', 'D02.241.152.811.162.750', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.750', 'D09.811.922.162.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Giant haemangioma of the thigh (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome): resection with temporary clamping of the common iliac artery.
|
A giant haemangioma of the thigh in a 9-month-old infant girl with the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome was operated upon with temporary clamping of the common iliac artery after previous attempts at treatment with external compression, prednisone and radiotherapy had failed. Secondary lymphoedema of the leg and foot appeared later and was successfully treated by Thompson's technique.
|
['Anemia, Hemolytic', 'Constriction', 'Female', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Iliac Artery', 'Infant', 'Lymphedema', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic', 'Syndrome', 'Thigh']
| 4,040,413
|
[['C15.378.071.141'], ['E05.225'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C15.604.496'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C15.378.100.802.687', 'C15.378.140.855.925.750', 'C20.841', 'C23.550.414.950.687', 'C23.888.885.687.687'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['A01.378.610.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increased intrahepatic apoptosis but reduced immune activation in HIV-HBV co-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression.
|
OBJECTIVE: to determine if intrahepatic immune activation is increased in HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected patients compared to HBV mono-infected patients and whether this reduced following HBV-active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-HBV co-infected patients.DESIGN: : Case-control observational study.METHODS: we examined liver biopsies for markers of T-cell and monocyte infiltration and activation, natural killer cells, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation (staining for alpha smooth muscle actin) and apoptosis [using terminal dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)] in treatment-naive Asian HIV-HBV co-infected (n = 16) and HBV mono-infected patients matched for age and HBV e-antigen status (n = 16). Liver biopsies from a subset of co-infected patients (n = 15) were also compared prior to and following 48 weeks of HBV-active ART.RESULTS: HIV-HBV co-infected patients had a median CD4 T-cell count of 25 cells/microl and lower alanine aminotransferase levels than HBV mono-infected patients (P = 0.03). In HIV-HBV co-infected patients, hepatocyte apoptosis was increased (P = 0.04) but there were fewer intrahepatic CD4 and CD8 T cells (P < 0.001), lower activation of intrahepatic T cells, Kupffer cells and HSC (P = 0.002, 0.008 and < 0.001, respectively). Following ART, there was a significant decrease in intrahepatic HBsAg staining (P = 0.04) and Kupffer cell activation (P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS: we found no evidence of increased intrahepatic mononuclear and HSC activation in this cohort of HIV-HBV co-infected individuals with advanced immune suppression. An increase in intra-hepatic apoptosis in HIV-HBV co-infected individuals may potentially contribute to accelerated fibrosis in this setting.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adult', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Apoptosis', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Immunosuppression', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Viral Load']
| 21,076,271
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cesarean plus anoxia at birth induces hyperresponsiveness to locomotor activity by dopamine D2 agonist.
|
Transient global anoxia after Cesarean birth in rats may produce alterations in the subcortical DA function and related behaviors. The reports only tested the behavioral changes induced by a general DA agonist, such as amphetamine or apomorphine, in adult rats. Here we investigated the role of perinatal anoxia on the locomotion induced by a specific dopamine (DA) agonist and its relation to the DA D1-like and D2-like receptors, measured by autoradiography at two different ages, prepubertal (35 days old, P35) and postpubertal (60 days old, P60). Cesarean birth with or without (C-only) an additional period of 10 min of the anoxia was done in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the effects of the DA D1-like and D2-like agonist and their receptors were studied at P35 and P60. In addition, a third group of animals born vaginally served as the control. The quantitative autoradiography study of the DA D1-like and D2-like receptors revealed an enhancement of the DA D1-like receptor levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and dorsolateral part of the caudate-putamen in the prepubertal C-only animals. The postpubertal C-only rats showed a decrease in the levels of DA D2-like receptors in the NAcc. However, quinpirole, a DA D2 agonist (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg, s.c.), induced a dose-dependent increase of the locomotor activity in the animals born by Cesarean with anoxia at birth at both ages. Our results suggest that Cesarean with or without anoxia at birth may mediate differently the neurodevelopmental aspects of the dopaminergic system before and after puberty.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Birth Injuries', 'Brain', 'Cesarean Section', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Agonists', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Hypoxia', 'Motor Activity', 'Pregnancy', 'Quinpirole', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2']
| 16,206,184
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['C16.614.131', 'C26.141'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.151', 'D27.505.696.577.150.151'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D03.633.100.810.842', 'D03.633.300.802'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors delay stress fracture healing in the rat ulna.
|
Anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to manage pain associated with stress fractures (SFxs), but little is known about their effects on healing of those injuries. We hypothesized that selective and non-selective anti-inflammatory treatments would retard the healing of SFx in the rat ulna. SFxs were created by cyclic loading of the ulna in Wistar rats. Ulnae were harvested 2, 4 or 6 weeks following loading. Rats were treated with non-selective NSAID, ibuprofen (30 mg/kg/day); selective COX-2 inhibition, [5,5-dimethyl-3-3 (3 fluorophenyl)-4-(4 methylsulfonal) phenyl-2 (5H)-furanone] (DFU) (2.0 mg/kg/day); or the novel c5a anatagonist PMX53 (10 mg/kg/day, 4 and 6 weeks only); with appropriate vehicle as control. Quantitative histomorphometric measurements of SFx healing were undertaken. Treatment with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, DFU, reduced the area of resorption along the fracture line at 2 weeks, without affecting bone formation at later stages. Treatment with the non-selective, NSAID, ibuprofen decreased both bone resorption and bone formation so that there was significantly reduced length and area of remodeling and lamellar bone formation within the remodeling unit at 6 weeks after fracture. The C5a receptor antagonist PMX53 had no effect on SFx healing at 4 or 6 weeks after loading, suggesting that PMX53 would not delay SFx healing. Both selective COX-2 inhibitors and non-selective NSAIDs have the potential to compromise SFx healing, and should be used with caution when SFx is diagnosed or suspected.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Bone Remodeling', 'Bone Resorption', 'Complement C5a', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Fracture Healing', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Fractures, Stress', 'Furans', 'Ibuprofen', 'Osteogenesis', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Ulna']
| 22,847,634
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['G11.427.213', 'G16.762.150'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.270', 'D12.776.124.486.274.450.250'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['C26.404'], ['C26.404.437'], ['D03.383.312'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere.
|
Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the gamma-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Gammaproteobacteria', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Leaves', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Triticum']
| 20,397,397
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['B03.660.250'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A18.024.812'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Real-time conflict-based Bayesian Tobit models for safety evaluation of signalized intersections.
|
The safety of signalized intersections has traditionally been evaluated at an aggregate level by relating historical collision records for several years to the annual tra?c volume and the geometric characteristics of the intersection. This is a reactive and macroscopic approach that gives little insight into how important dynamic signal cycle-related variables can affect intersection safety such as the arrival type and the shock wave characteristics. The objective of this study is to develop traffic conflict-based real-time safety models for signalized intersections using several state-of-the-art techniques. Traffic conflicts were measured by multiple indicators including time-to-collision (TTC), modified time-to-collision (MTTC), and deceleration rate to avoid collision (DRAC). Traffic conflict rate was employed as independent variable while traffic volume, queue length, shock wave area, shock wave speed, and platoon ratio of each cycle were used as covariates in the safety models. Four candidate Tobit models were developed and compared under the Bayesian framework: conventional Tobit model, grouped random parameters Tobit (GRP-Tobit) model, random intercept Tobit (RI-Tobit) model, and random parameters Tobit (RP-Tobit) model. The results showed that the GRP-Tobit model performs best with lowest Deviance Information Criteria (DIC), indicating that accounting for the unobserved heterogeneity across sites can significantly improve the model fit. The model estimation results showed that higher conflict rates were associated with various shock wave characteristics (positive sign for shock wave area, shock wave speed, and queue length) and higher traffic volume. Lower conflict rates were related with higher platoon ratio (favorable arrival patterns). The developed models can have potential applications in real-time safety evaluation, real-time optimization of signal control, and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) trajectories planning.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Automobile Driving', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Canada', 'Computer Systems', 'Deceleration', 'Environment Design', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Safety Management']
| 32,623,321
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['I03.125'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['L01.224.230'], ['G01.482.107.373'], ['I01.283', 'I01.880.709.359', 'N06.230.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Gd-complexes of macrocyclic DTPA conjugates of 1,1'-bis(amino)ferrocenes as high relaxivity MRI blood-pool contrast agents (BPCAs).
|
We report the synthesis of macrocyclic DTPA conjugates of 1,1'-bis(amino)ferrocenes (1a-b) and their Gd-complexes [Gd(L)(H(2)O)] (2a-b, L = 1a-b) for use as new MRI blood-pool contrast agents. High R(1) relaxivity in HSA as well as high thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities is observed for 2a.
|
['Animals', 'Contrast Media', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Ferrous Compounds', 'Gadolinium', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Macrocyclic Compounds', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Metallocenes', 'Pentetic Acid', 'Rats', 'Serum Albumin', 'Thermodynamics']
| 20,886,175
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['D01.490.200'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D04.345'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D02.691.657'], ['D02.092.782.590', 'D02.241.081.018.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of halothane on ganglionic discharges.
|
The effects of halothane on ganglionic transmission were studied by recording extracellular potentials from the postganglionic nerve of the isolated hamster stellate ganglion. Halothane, at concentrations greater than 0.1 mM, decreased the potentials evoked by preganglionic stimuli at 0.2 Hz. Halothane also blocked discharges elicited by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium, a selective nicotinic agonist, and discharges elicited by the nicotinic actions of exogenous acetylcholine. Repetitive preganglionic stimulation (30 Hz, 5 seconds) in the presence of nicotine (10(-3) M), or hexamethonium (10(-3) M), evoked asynchronous discharges in the postganglionic nerve. These discharges were suppressed by low concentrations of atropine, and were probably due to the muscarinic actions of neurotransmitter. Halothane depressed these discharges at approximately the same concentration that it depressed the compound action potential elicited by low frequency preganglionic stimulation in the untreated ganglion. Halothane had no effect on the discharges elicited by 4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343), a selective muscarinic agonist, or the discharges elicited by the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine. These results are most readily explained by hypothesizing that halothane acts at two sites in the ganglion. It appears to depress the postsynaptic response to the nicotinic actions of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Also, it probably depresses transmitter release from the presynaptic nerve endings during repetitive stimulation.
|
['(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride', 'Acetylcholine', 'Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide', 'Drug Interactions', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Halothane', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Parasympatholytics', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Stellate Ganglion', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 65,467
|
[['D02.092.877.674.033', 'D02.455.326.397.325', 'D02.675.276.210'], ['D02.092.211.111'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['D03.383.606.390'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550'], ['A08.340.315.350.800', 'A08.800.050.300.300.800', 'A08.800.050.800.300.800'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of Heme Pocket Water in Allosteric Regulation of Ligand Reactivity in Human Hemoglobin.
|
Water molecules can enter the heme pockets of unliganded myoglobins and hemoglobins, hydrogen bond with the distal histidine, and introduce steric barriers to ligand binding. The spectrokinetics of photodissociated CO complexes of human hemoglobin and its isolated á and â chains were analyzed for the effect of heme hydration on ligand rebinding. A strong coupling was observed between heme hydration and quaternary state. This coupling may contribute significantly to the 20-60-fold difference between the R- and T-state bimolecular CO binding rate constants and thus to the modulation of ligand reactivity that is the hallmark of hemoglobin allostery. Heme hydration proceeded over the course of several kinetic phases in the tetramer, including the R to T quaternary transition. An initial 150 ns hydration phase increased the R-state distal pocket water occupancy, nw(R), to a level similar to that of the isolated á (?60%) and â (?10%) chains, resulting in a modest barrier to ligand binding. A subsequent phase, concurrent with the first step of the R ? T transition, further increased the level of heme hydration, increasing the barrier. The final phase, concurrent with the final step of the allosteric transition, brought the water occupancy of the T-state tetramer, nw(T), even higher and close to full occupancy in both the á and â subunits (?90%). This hydration level could present an even larger barrier to ligand binding and contribute significantly to the lower iron reactivity of the T state toward CO.
|
['Allosteric Regulation', 'Heme', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Photolysis', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Water', 'alpha-Globins', 'beta-Globins']
| 27,355,904
|
[['G02.111.044'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.740.685'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D12.776.124.400.434.320', 'D12.776.422.316.762.403.320'], ['D12.776.124.400.434.325', 'D12.776.422.316.762.403.325']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is genetically related macrophage factor (GRF) a soluble immune response (Ir) gene product?
|
The possibility that the antigen-presenting "macrophages" interacting with helper cells either directly or via the intermediary action of a soluble factor consisting of Ia antigen and a fragment of immunogen, termed GRG (genetically related factor), are a site of Ir gene action was investigated by using the synthetic polypeptide antigen (T,G)-A--L. It was found that T cells from (responder x nonresponder) F1 mice were stimulated by responder "macrophages" or GRF derived from these cells but not by the nonresponder macrophages of GRF from these cells. This suggests that the defect in helper cell induction in nonresponders is at the level of the presenting cell and that the macrophage factor GRF is a soluble Ir gene product. This conclusion was supported by the observation that there was normal presenting cell and GRF function in nonresponders, mouse strains such as CBA that yield helper cells and helper factor with (T,G)-A--L and have defects elsehwere.
|
['Animals', 'Dinitrobenzenes', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Genes, MHC Class II', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Peptides', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Solubility', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 109,518
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Patellar tendon enthesis abnormalities and their association with knee pain and structural abnormalities in older adults.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe associations between presence of patellar tendon enthesis (PTE) abnormalities and symptoms, structural abnormalities, and total knee replacement (TKR) in older adult cohort.METHODS: PTE abnormalities (presence of abnormal bone signal and/or bone erosion), were measured on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images at baseline in 961 community-dwelling older adults. Knee pain and function limitation were assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Bone marrow lesions (BMLs), cartilage volume and defects score, and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) area were measured using validated methods. Incidence of TKR was determined by data linkage.RESULTS: Participants with abnormal PTE bone signal and/or erosion was 20%. Cross-sectionally, presence of PTE abnormalities was associated with greater pain intensity while going up and down stairs (â = 0.22 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.03, 0.41)), greater risk of femoral BMLs (RR = 1.46 (1.12, 1.90)) and worse tibial cartilage defects score (RR = 1.70 (1.16, 2.47), and smaller IPFP area (â = -0.27 (-0.47, -0.06) cm2), after adjustment of confounders. Longitudinally, presence of baseline PTE abnormalities was associated with a deleterious increase in tibial BML size (RR = 1.52 (1.12, 2.05)) over 10.7 years but not symptoms, other structural changes, or TKR.CONCLUSION: PTE abnormalities are common in older adults. Presence of cross-sectional but not longitudinal associations suggests they are commonly co-exist with other knee structural abnormalities but may not play a major role in symptom development or structural change, excepting tibial BMLs.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthralgia', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Patellar Ligament', 'Prospective Studies']
| 30,529,466
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.550.091', 'C23.888.592.612.094', 'F02.830.816.444.350', 'G11.561.790.444.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['A02.513.514.475', 'A02.835.583.512.475', 'A02.880.438', 'A10.165.669.514.475'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Early detection of risk factors for seclusion and restraint: a prospective study.
|
AIM: The study aims to examine the predictive power of static and dynamic risk factors assessed at admission to an acute psychiatric ward and to develop a prediction model evaluating the risk of seclusion and restraint.METHODS: Over 20 months, data on demographic and clinical characteristics, psychosocial functioning, level of insight, uncooperativeness, and use of coercive measures were collected prospectively on 520 patients at admission. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a prediction model. The magnitude of the predictive power of this model was estimated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.RESULTS: The prediction model contained one static predictor (involuntary commitment) and two dynamic predictors (psychological impairment and uncooperativeness), with a high predictive power (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.83). The final risk model classified 72% of the patients correctly, with a higher sensitivity rate (80%) than specificity rate (71%).CONCLUSION: Early assessment of patients' psychological impairment and uncooperativeness can help clinicians to recognize patients at risk for coercive measures and approach them on time with preventive and less restrictive interventions. Although this simple, highly predictive model accurately predicts the risk of seclusion or restraint, further validation studies are needed before it can be adopted into routine clinical practice.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Isolation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychiatric Department, Hospital', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'ROC Curve', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 22,277,018
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.770', 'N06.850.780.200.450.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.641', 'N04.452.442.452.422.641'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low postseroconversion CD4 count and rapid decrease of CD4 density identify HIV+ fast progressors.
|
CD4 expression in HIV replication is paradoxical: HIV entry requires high cell-surface CD4 densities, but replication requires CD4 down-modulation. However, is CD4 density in HIV+ patients affected over time? Do changes in CD4 density correlate with disease progression? Here, we examined the role of CD4 density for HIV disease progression by longitudinally quantifying CD4 densities on CD4+ T cells and monocytes of ART-naive HIV+ patients with different disease progression rates. This was a retrospective study. We defined three groups of HIV+ patients by their rate of CD4+ T cell loss, calculated by the time between infection and reaching a CD4 level of 200 cells/microl: fast (<7.5 years), intermediate (7.5-12 years), and slow progressors (>12 years). Mathematical modeling permitted us to determine the maximum CD4+ T cell count after HIV seroconversion (defined as "postseroconversion CD4 count") and longitudinal profiles of CD4 count and density. CD4 densities were quantified on CD4+ T cells and monocytes from these patients and from healthy individuals by flow cytometry. Fast progressors had significantly lower postseroconversion CD4 counts than other progressors. CD4 density on T cells was lower in HIV+ patients than in healthy individuals and decreased more rapidly in fast than in slow progressors. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) did not normalize CD4 density. Thus, postseroconversion CD4 counts define individual HIV disease progression rates that may help to identify patients who might benefit most from early ART. Early discrimination of slow and fast progressors suggests that critical events during primary infection define long-term outcome. A more rapid CD4 density decrease in fast progressors might contribute to progressive functional impairments of the immune response in advanced HIV infection. The lack of an effect of ART on CD4 density implies a persistent dysfunctional immune response by uncontrolled HIV infection.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Disease Progression', 'HIV', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Models, Immunological', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 20,715,931
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Use of alternative medicine among Norwegian hospitalized cancer patients].
|
A national multi-centre study was performed to investigate the prevalent use of alternative medicine, or non-proven therapies, among Norwegian cancer patients. Of 911 patients invited to take part in the study 642 were included in the final analysis. Among the 630 assessable patients, 20% had been or were current users of non-proven therapies. In the northern most and western parts of Norway the most preferred alternative methods are healing by hand and faith healing, while herbs, vitamins, diets and Iscador are popular in the central and southern parts. Use of nonproven therapies is common in the northern part of the country. Prevalent users are middle-aged patients with long-standing symptomatic disease and former users of non-proven therapies for nonmalignant disease. About 40% of the patients would like non-proven therapies to be an option in hospital. Most of the users of non-proven therapies (80%) had consulted practitioners of scientific medicine first; 15% had started treatment with non-proven therapies simultaneously. The users of non-proven therapies report having received less hope of cure (30%) from their physicians than the non-users (50%) had. Most of the users had learned about non-proven therapies from friends or relatives. Most users believe that non-proven therapies might make them stronger and relieve their symptoms. Very few patients believe in a cure (10%). Nearly 40% felt that non-proven therapies had no definite effect on them. Four patients reported adverse effects. 15 patients had been treated abroad, usually in Denmark.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Complementary Therapies', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Norway', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 9,265,305
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.190'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Distinctions in variability of motor output between learning disabled and normal children.
|
This study measured the differences in motor output between groups of 8- and 10-yr.-old learning disabled and normal boys. Variability of motor output was investigated by having children learn an alternating tapping task to a criterion of a specified number of taps per minute and then having them transfer to more difficult tapping tasks with the same rhythmic beat but requiring more distance to move or more accuracy. Results suggest variability of motor output distinguishes normal and learning disabled boys.
|
['Attention', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Learning Disabilities', 'Male', 'Motor Skills', 'Transfer, Psychology']
| 6,664,754
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550', 'F03.625.562'], ['F02.808.260'], ['F02.463.425.910']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Extended duration of vertical position might impair bone metabolism.
|
Bone-remodelling is markedly influenced by vectors of gravitational forces. Sleep-deprivation, common during military training, involves a change in the normal balance between horizontal and vertical forces enacting on the skeleton. Stress fractures are likewise prevalent among army recruits. In order to investigate the impact of sleep-deprivation on bone-metabolism, three groups of young, healthy volunteers were selected to exercise the following: 63 h of sleeplessness (17 participants, group A); vertical sleep in a seated position for three consecutive nights (9 participants, group B); controls who slept 6 h a night horizontally (14 participants, group C). During periods of wakefulness, all participants were kept in an upright position. Twenty-four hours' urine collection was strictly observed from two days prior to the experiment until two days after it (1 week). Changes in levels of the most characteristic bone-metabolites, calcium and hydroxyproline indicate an increased bone-resorption in the two experimental groups, but not in controls. The calcium excreted in the fasting urine peaked significantly at 72 h after the beginning of the experiment (+ 170% in group A; + 68% in group B, relative to the basal level). Qualitatively, similar results were obtained with hydroxyproline. On an individual basis, approximately 40% of the participants in either group responded by exceeding urinary-calcium elevation. A comparison of pre-test bone-density between responders and non-responders, reveals a significantly lower bone-density (-5%) in calcium and hydroxyproline excretors. These results suggest a pre-disposition to bone-resorption associated with responsiveness to changes in the balance between gravitational forces.
|
['Adolescent', 'Biomarkers', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Resorption', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcium', 'Fasting', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Male', 'Phosphorus', 'Posture', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Supine Position', 'Time Factors', 'Wakefulness']
| 7,957,496
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D23.101'], ['G11.427.100'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.478'], ['D01.268.666'], ['G11.427.695'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G11.427.695.625'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment to surgery for esophageal carcinoma. Japanese Esophageal Oncology Group.
|
A cooperative, prospective randomized study to compare radiotherapy (50 Gy) or 2 courses of combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and vindesine (3 mg/m2) following curative resection was performed in 258 patients at 9 institutions between August 1985 and August 1987. In the two groups, no difference was present in the background factors such as sex, age, and the location and length of the tumor. Also, there was no difference of distribution of pT, pN, pM or p stage by the revised TNM classification of 1987. There was no significant difference in survival up to 5 years in the 2 groups. Concerning the side effects, the decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts was similar in the two groups, but elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations was more marked in the group receiving chemotherapy than in the group with radiotherapy.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Cisplatin', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Survival Rate', 'Vindesine']
| 8,325,071
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.830', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.830', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MCMI-II diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: base rates versus prototypic items.
|
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) profiles of 26 psychiatric inpatients diagnosed as having borderline personality disorders were compared with profiles of 42 patients with no personality disorders. The borderline group scored significantly higher on the following scales: Disclosure (X), Debasement (Z), Passive-Aggressive (8A), Self-Defeating (8B), Borderline (C), and Major Depression (CC). Differences approaching significance were also found on substance abuse measures: the Alcohol Dependence (B) scale and Drug Dependence (T) scale. These findings are consistent with criteria established in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev. [DSM-III-R]; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and the results of other studies utilizing the MCMI-II. In addition, diagnostic efficiency of Scale C was assessed at various cutoff points defined by either base rate (BR) scores or the number of prototypic items endorsed. The greatest efficiency was found when a cutoff of seven or more prototypic items was utilized, with nearly 80% of the patients correctly classified. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance for further research.
|
['Adult', 'Borderline Personality Disorder', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, General', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychometrics']
| 1,545,335
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.675.100'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.513'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.711.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Guided self-organization and cortical plate formation in human brain organoids.
|
Three-dimensional cell culture models have either relied on the self-organizing properties of mammalian cells or used bioengineered constructs to arrange cells in an organ-like configuration. While self-organizing organoids excel at recapitulating early developmental events, bioengineered constructs reproducibly generate desired tissue architectures. Here, we combine these two approaches to reproducibly generate human forebrain tissue while maintaining its self-organizing capacity. We use poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (PLGA) fiber microfilaments as a floating scaffold to generate elongated embryoid bodies. Microfilament-engineered cerebral organoids (enCORs) display enhanced neuroectoderm formation and improved cortical development. Furthermore, reconstitution of the basement membrane leads to characteristic cortical tissue architecture, including formation of a polarized cortical plate and radial units. Thus, enCORs model the distinctive radial organization of the cerebral cortex and allow for the study of neuronal migration. Our data demonstrate that combining 3D cell culture with bioengineering can increase reproducibility and improve tissue architecture.
|
['Batch Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Guided Tissue Regeneration', 'Humans', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Neurogenesis', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Organoids', 'Prosencephalon', 'Tissue Engineering']
| 28,562,594
|
[['E05.481.500.249.124'], ['A11.251'], ['E04.680.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.872.653'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['A10.802'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Delay in diagnostic workup and treatment of esophageal cancer.
|
INTRODUCTION: Esophageal cancer should preferably be detected and treated at an early stage, but this may be prohibited by late onset of symptoms and delays in referral, diagnostic workup, and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these delays on outcome in patients with esophageal cancer.METHODS: For 491 patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer between 1991 and 2007, patients' short- and long-term outcome were analyzed according to different time intervals between onset of symptoms, diagnosis, and surgical treatment.RESULTS: Length of prehospital delay (from onset of symptoms until endoscopic diagnosis) did not affect patient's short- or long-term outcome. A shorter hospital delay between establishing the diagnosis of esophageal cancer on endoscopy and surgery was associated with lower overall morbidity and in-hospital mortality. Patients of ASA classes I and II experienced a shorter hospital delay than patients of ASA classes III and IV. Length of hospital delay between endoscopic diagnosis and surgery did not affect pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage or R0-resection rate. Longer hospital delay did not result in worse survival: Overall survival after esophagectomy for cancer was not significantly different between patients with hospital delay <5, 5-8, or >8 weeks (24.7%, 21.7%, and 32.3%, respectively; p = 0.12).CONCLUSION: A longer hospital delay (between endoscopic diagnosis and surgery) resulted in worse patient's short-term outcome (higher overall morbidity and mortality rates) but not in a worse long-term outcome (overall survival). This may be explained by a more time-consuming diagnostic workup in patients with a poorer physical status and not by tumor progression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cohort Studies', 'Delayed Diagnosis', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagectomy', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Waiting Lists']
| 20,012,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.110', 'E02.760.273', 'N02.421.585.273'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['E04.210.346'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.789'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Research funder required research partnerships: a qualitative inquiry.
|
BACKGROUND: Researchers and funding agencies are increasingly showing interest in the application of research findings and focusing attention on engagement of knowledge-users in the research process as a means of increasing the uptake of research findings. The expectation is that research findings derived from these researcher-knowledge-user partnerships will be more readily applied when they became available. The objective of this study was to investigate the experiences, perceived barriers, successes, and opinions of researchers and knowledge-users funded under the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's integrated Knowledge Translation funding opportunities for a better understanding of these collaborations.METHODS: Participants, both researchers and knowledge-users, completed an online survey followed by an individual semi-structured phone interview supporting a mixed methods study. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively using a modified grounded theory approach.RESULTS: Survey analysis identified three major partnership types: token, asymmetric, and egalitarian. Interview analysis revealed trends in perceived barriers and successes directly related to the partnership formation and style. While all partnerships experienced barriers, token partnerships had the most challenges and general poor perception of partnerships. The majority of respondents found that common goals and equality in partnerships did not remove barriers but increased participants' ability to look for solutions.CONCLUSIONS: We learned of effective mechanisms and strategies used by researchers and knowledge-users for mitigating barriers when collaborating. Funders could take a larger role in helping facilitate, nurture, and sustain the partnerships to which they award grants.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Male', 'Qualitative Research', 'Research Personnel', 'Research Support as Topic']
| 25,430,813
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['M01.526.839'], ['N03.219.483.645']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bilayer thickness in unilamellar extruded 1,2-dimyristoleoyl and 1,2-dierucoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles: SANS contrast variation study of cholesterol effect.
|
Small-angle neutron scattering on extruded unilamellar vesicles in water was used to study bilayer thickness when cholesterol (CHOL) was added at 44.4 mol% to 1,2-dimyristoleoylphosphatidylcholine (diC14:1PC) and 1,2-dierucoylphosphatidylcholine (diC22:1PC) bilayers. Using the (1)H(2)O/(2)H(2)O contrast variation and the small-angle form of Kratky-Porod approximation, the bilayer gyration radii at infinite contrast R(g,infinity) and the bilayer thickness parameters d(g,infinity) = 12(0.5)R(g,infinity) were obtained at 30 degrees C. Addition of cholesterol to diC14:1PC increased the d(g,infinity) from 3.72 +/- 0.02 to 4.26 +/- 0.01 nm, while in the diC22:1PC bilayers the d(g,infinity) change observed was within the experimental error: +0.23 +/- 0.23 nm.
|
['Cholesterol', 'Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Models, Chemical', 'Neutron Diffraction', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Surface Properties', 'Water']
| 15,465,298
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800.200'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D05'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.196.309.555', 'E05.196.822.650', 'G01.867.650', 'G02.551'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Cloning and sequencing of parafusin, a calcium-dependent exocytosis-related phosphoglycoprotein.
|
A cDNA for parafusin, an evolutionarily conserved phosphoglycoprotein involved in exocytosis, has been cloned and sequenced from a unicellular eukaryote, Paramecium tetraurelia. A Paramecium cDNA library was screened with an oligonucleotide probe synthesized to an internal amino acid sequence of isolated parafusin. The insert was 3 kb long with an open reading frame of 1.75 kb. Data base searches of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that Paramecium parafusin had a 50.7% sequence identity to rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase, although no detectable phosphoglucomutase activity has been detected in isolated parafusin. The deduced parafusin amino acid sequence had four inserts and two deletions, which might confer on the protein specific functions in signal transduction events related to exocytosis. Furthermore, searches for potential phosphorylation sites showed the presence of a protein kinase C site (KDFSFR) specific to parafusin. Southern blot analysis with probes specific for parafusin and phosphoglucomutase suggested that these proteins were products of different genes. We propose that parafusin and phosphoglucomutase are members of a superfamily that conserve homologies important for the tertiary structure of the molecules.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'Exocytosis', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Paramecium tetraurelia', 'Phosphoglucomutase', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Rabbits', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 7,937,900
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G04.468'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['B01.043.185.650.375.550.637.700'], ['D08.811.399.520.750.625'], ['D12.776.744'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D12.776.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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