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Myelopathy due to hypoplasia of the atlas. A case report.
|
The authors report a 73-year-old woman who had spinal cord compression develop because of hypoplasia of the atlas associated with a retroodontoid pseudotumor diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Radiographs of the cervical spine showed narrowing of the spinal canal at the level of the atlas and severe osteoarthrosis of the atlantoaxial joint without atlantoaxial subluxation. A remarkable neurologic recovery followed decompressive laminectomy of the atlas with posterior occipitocervical fusion. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed significant reduction of the retroodontoid pseudotumor by fusion alone. The magnetic resonance imaging finding of spontaneous reduction of retroodontoid pseudotumor after posterior fusion argues against a need for transoral removal, which has a significant complication rate.
|
['Aged', 'Cervical Atlas', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laminectomy', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Spinal Cord Compression', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Spinal Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,170,367
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A02.835.232.834.151.500'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
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An evaluation of the effectiveness of a recirculating laboratory hood.
|
Ductless, benchtop hoods have become a popular tool for use in the control of toxic substances in the laboratory. Low price and ease of installation are major factors contributing to their increased utilization. Little objective performance data exist for these devices. One such hood was evaluated for efficacy as an engineering control in typical laboratory applications. Face velocity, flow profile, ability to retain vapors, sorptive capacity of the filter media and overall worker protection were evaluated. The manufacturer's report of an average face velocity of 30.6 cm/s (60 fpm) proved to be accurate; however, this value was found to be substandard when compared with the hood and room design criteria which must be met for this rate to provide adequate control. The hood was designed in a manner which prevented smooth flow through the hood and increased observed turbulence and rolling. The sorptive capacity of the carbon filter proved to be comparable to that reported for organic vapor respirator cartridges. Design deficiencies are discussed to improve protection offered to the worker in an as-used situation. Further work is needed to provide a quantitative measure of the protection offered by these hoods.
|
['Air Pollution', 'Equipment and Supplies', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Filtration', 'Humans', 'Laboratories']
| 3,946,196
|
[['N06.850.460.100'], ['E07'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
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Control of the micromovements of a composite-material nail design: A finite element analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Intramedullary nail fixation is the most accepted modality for stabilizing long bone midshaft fractures. The commercially used nails are fabricated from Stainless Steel or Titanium. Composite-materials (CM) mainly carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) have been gaining more interest and popularity due to their properties, such as modulus of elasticity close to that of bone, increased fatigue strength, and radio-opacity to irradiation that permits a better visualization of the healing process. The use of CFRP instead of metals allows better control of different directional movements along a fracture site. The purpose of this analysis was to design a CM intramedullary nail to enable micromovements as depicted on a finite element analysis method.METHODS: We designed a three-dimentional femoral nail model. Three CFRP with different laminates arrangements, were included in the analysis. The finite element analysis involved applying vertical and horizontal loads on each of the designed and tested nails.RESULTS: The nails permitted a transverse micromovement of 0.75mm for the 45° lay-up and 1.5mm for the 90° lay-up for the CM, 1.38mm for the Titanium and 0.74mm for the Stainless Steel nails. The recorded axial movements were 0.53mm for the 45° lay-up, 0.87mm for the 90° lay-up, 0.46mm for the unsymmetrical lay-up CM, 0.046 for the Titanium and 0.02 for the Stainless Steel nails. Overall, the simulations showed that nail transverse micromovements can be reduced by using 45° carbon fiber orientations. Similar results were observed with each metal nails.INTERPRETATION: We found that nail micromovements can be controlled by changing the directional stiffness using different lay-up orientations. These results can be useful for predicting nail micromovements under specified loading conditions which are crucial for stimulating callus formation in the early stages of healing.
|
['Bone Nails', 'Carbon', 'Femur', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Motion', 'Polymers', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 26,476,965
|
[['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['D01.268.150'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E05.355'], ['G01.482'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Identification of lymphoid cells in cultured of murine leukocytes and thymus.
|
Several culture conditions and media were studied in an effort to establish long-term cultures of murine lymphoid cells from blood and thymus. Cultures vessels included small glass bottles and rubber-stoppered tubes. Media such as Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640, 1700, 1701, 1715, GEM 1717, NCTC, fetal calf and horse serum supplements, and conditioned medium were tried. Lymphoid cells in mouse leukocyte cultures survived as long as eight months before dying out. However, lymphoid cells in thymus cell cultures, strarted and maintained with GEM 1717 medium with 20% fetal calf serum supplementation, gave rise to cell lines that continued to yield subcultures for more than 2 years. Mcroscopic examination of thymus cell subcultures revealed lymphoid and thymic epighelioid cells. Tumorigenicity studies of one cell line were negative. Chromosomal preparations of this cell line often contained near-normal karyotypes but were complicated by the presence of binucleated cells. Live cell fluorescent antibody assays for surface theta-antigen and immunoglobulin revealed immunoglobulin-negative cells possessing barely detectable theta determinants. Functional assays for thymus-derived lymphoid cell activity suggested that these cells were mitogen responsive and weakly reactive in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. On the basis of this evidence it was sugguested that these cells represent a class of T-cells (thymus-derived lymphocytes) that have all but lost theta antigen, possibly due to prolonged culture.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromosomes', 'Culture Media', 'Epitopes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Karyotyping', 'Leukocytes', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland', 'Time Factors']
| 46,778
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Postnatal development of the inferior olivary complex in the rat. I. An electron microscopic study of the medial accessory olive.
|
The postnatal development of the medial accessory olive (MAO) was studied in the rat from birth to adulthood. In newborn rats, the inferior olivary complex exhibited an adult cytoarchitectonic pattern, facilitating the precise delimitation of the MAO. Computer-assisted measurements of neuronal perikarya in 1 micron thick plastic sections revealed a 40% increase in perikaryal diameters from day of birth (PO) to the twenty-first postnatal day (P21). This growth takes place mainly during the first postnatal week, the phase of perikaryal maturation, whereas it is almost non-existent during the second week, the phase of sudden neuropil expansion. The ultrastructural study gave the following results: at P1-P5, only the neuronal perikarya have attained a certain degree of maturity. The neuropil is composed of profiles of unknown origin, among which growing dendrites are numerous, but mature synapses are scarce. By P7-P10, the cytological characteristics of the perikarya reached an adult stage. The dendrites begin to acquire their adult features by their emission of racemose protrusions and by their organization into protoglomerular formations. The most important step in the structural differentiation of the MAO was found to occur between P10 and P15. It is at this later age that the neuropil exhibits a complex neuronal organization similar to the adult, characterized by the presence of olivary glomeruli and of neuro-neuronal gap junctions. The fact that these electrotonic junctions appear a long time after the appearance of chemical synapses, indicates that the ontogeny of the MAO chemical transmission precedes electrical transmission. On P15 and thereafter, the maturation of the MAO proceeds mainly by increasing the number of synaptic connections and by glial differentiation. These structural developmental stages of the MAO were related to the different steps of functional development of the olivocerebellar system.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cerebellum', 'Dendrites', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Neural Pathways', 'Olivary Nucleus', 'Purkinje Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Synapses', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Synaptic Vesicles']
| 6,307,487
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G04.152'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.574'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212.600', 'A08.675.784', 'A11.671.784'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['A08.850.840', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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|
Network analysis of toxic chemicals and symptoms: implications for designing first-responder systems.
|
The rapid and accurate identification of toxic chemicals is critical for saving lives in emergency situations. However, first-responder systems such as WISER typically require a large number of inputs before a chemical can be identified. To address this problem, we used networks to visualize and analyze the complex relationship between toxic chemicals and their symptoms. The results explain why current approaches require a large number of inputs and help to identify regularities related to the co-occurrence of symptoms. This understanding provides implications for the design of future first-responder systems, with the goal of rapidly identifying toxic chemicals in emergency situations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Audiovisual Aids', 'Databases as Topic', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Hazardous Substances', 'Humans']
| 18,693,796
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['J01.897.280.500', 'L01.178.820.090'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188', 'L01.470.750'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['N02.421.297.058'], ['N02.421.297'], ['D27.888.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Seeking help despite the stigma: Experiential avoidance as a moderated mediator.
|
The help-seeking literature identifies a model wherein public stigma of seeking help is internalized as self-stigma of seeking help, which, in turn, decreases help-seeking outcomes. The current study considered whether experiential avoidance, or a tendency to avoid painful thoughts or emotions, moderates how strongly these stigmata relate to help-seeking intentions among university students. Specifically, this study tested whether experiential avoidance moderates (a) the direct relationship between self-stigma of seeking psychological help and help-seeking intentions and (b) the indirect relationship between public stigma and help-seeking intentions. Conditional process modeling in a university student sample (N = 235) supported these hypotheses. The direct relationship between self-stigma and help-seeking intentions was nonsignificant and weaker for those who reported low experiential avoidance than for those who reported high experiential avoidance. Results also demonstrated a moderated indirect effect wherein the relationship between self-stigma and intentions was nonsignificant among those reporting low levels of experiential avoidance. This suggests that self-stigma may predict help-seeking intentions when avoidance of therapy functions as a means for avoiding unpleasant emotions. These findings suggest that interventions designed to decrease experiential avoidance by increasing openness to unpleasant emotions may offer a novel avenue to attenuate the impact of self-stigma on help-seeking intentions without requiring the difficult task of reducing stigma altogether. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
|
['Adolescent', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Negotiating', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Social Stigma', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 31,343,214
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['F01.145.209.520', 'F01.829.401.520', 'F02.463.785.373.520', 'L01.143.620', 'N04.452.677.430'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Combined Contribution of Increased Intestinal Permeability and Inhibited Deglycosylation of Ginsenoside Rb1 in the Intestinal Tract to the Enhancement of Ginsenoside Rb1 Exposure in Diabetic Rats after Oral Administration.
|
Panax ginseng is becoming a promising antidiabetic herbal medication. As the main active constituents of Panax ginseng, ginsenosides are well known, poorly absorbed chemicals. However, the pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenosides under diabetic conditions is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the alterations and potential mechanisms of pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenoside Rb1 in diabetic rats compared with normal rats and rats fed a high-fat diet. Systemic exposure (area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated from zero to infinity) was significantly increased in diabetic rats after oral administration of Rb1. Oral bioavailability of Rb1 was significantly higher in diabetic rats (2.25%) compared with normal rats (0.90%) and rats fed a high-fat diet (0.78%). Further studies revealed that increased Rb1 exposure in diabetic rats may be mainly attributed to increased Rb1 absorption via the intestine and inhibited Rb1 deglycosylation by the intestinal microflora. Neither metabolic enzymes nor drug transporters displayed appreciable effects on Rb1 disposition. The transport of paracellular markers (fluorescein sodium and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran of 4 kDa) as well as Rb1 itself across the Caco-2 monolayer cultured with diabetic serum was promoted, demonstrating that increased paracellular permeability of the Caco-2 monolayer may benefit intestinal Rb1 absorption. In addition, Rb1 exposure was decreased in diabetic rats after Rb1 intravenous administration, which may result from increased Rb1 urinary excretion. In conclusion, Rb1 oral exposure was significantly increased under diabetic conditions, which is of positive significance to clinical treatment. The potential mechanism may be associated with the combined contribution of increased gut permeability and inhibited deglycosylation of ginsenoside Rb1 by intestinal microflora.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Dogs', 'Ginsenosides', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Jejunum', 'Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells', 'Male', 'Panax', 'Permeability', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 26,265,741
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.455.849.919.277', 'D09.408.782.300'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A11.251.210.827', 'A11.436.589'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.087.500'], ['G02.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Norepinephrine depresses the capsaicin-evoked miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord.
|
Capsaicin selectively excites nociceptive primary afferent fibers and increases the frequency of glutaminergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal dorsal horn. The whole-cell voltage-clamp recording technique was used to examine the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on the capsaicin-induced increase in the frequency of mEPSCs. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, bath application of capsaicin (1 microM) remarkably enhanced the frequency of mEPSCs (295+/-52% of control). Following pretreatment with NE (10 microM), the capsaicin-induced frequency facilitation of mEPSCs was significantly depressed to 151+/-17% of the control. NE-induced depression in capsaicin action was blocked by yohimbine, a selective alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, indicating that NE exerts depression by activating the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor. As the postsynaptic action of NE has been precluded in the present study, the results suggest that NE inhibits nociceptive input at a presynaptic site, the primary afferent terminal, during the nociceptive transmission in the spinal dorsal horn.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Capsaicin', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Male', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Norepinephrine', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord', 'Substantia Gelatinosa']
| 11,958,853
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A08.186.854.697.500.500', 'A08.675.650.675.800', 'A11.671.650.675.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selenocystine potentiates cancer cell apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil by triggering reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage and inactivation of the ERK pathway.
|
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy as a first-line treatment is quite limited, because of its inefficiency and clinical resistance to it. The search for chemosensitizers that could augment its efficiency and overcome the drug resistance to 5-FU has kindled great interest among scientists. Selenocystine (SeC), a naturally occurring selenoamino acid, displayed broad-spectrum anticancer activity in our previous studies. This study demonstrates that SeC acts as an effective enhancer of 5-FU-induced apoptosis in A375 human melanoma cells through induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis with the involvement of DNA damage-mediated p53 phosphorylation and ERK inactivation. Pretreatment of the cells with SeC significantly enhanced 5-FU-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (?øm) by regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins. SeC and 5-FU in combination also triggered cell oxidative stress through regulation of the intracellular redox system and led to DNA damage and inactivation of ERK and AKT. Moreover, inhibitors of ERK and AKT effectively enhanced the apoptotic cell death induced by the combined treatment. However, pretreatment of the cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by SeC and 5-FU and recovered the expression of ERK and AKT inactivation, which revealed the important role of reactive oxygen species in cell apoptosis and regulation of ERK and AKT pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that a strategy of using SeC and 5-FU in combination could be a highly efficient way to achieve anticancer synergism.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cystine', 'DNA Damage', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Organoselenium Compounds', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 23,837,948
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390.369', 'D01.875.350.850.150.369', 'D02.886.030.230.369', 'D02.886.520.150.087', 'D12.125.095.369', 'D12.125.119.369', 'D12.125.166.230.369'], ['G05.200'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.475'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['D02.731'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Utility of novel 3-dimensional stereoscopic vision system for endoscopic sinonasal and skull-base surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the utility of novel 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopy during endoscopic sinonasal and skull base surgery.METHODS: Eight surgeries were performed in 7 patients between August 2009 and March 2010 at a tertiary care academic medical center. A high-definition 2-dimensional (2D) endoscopy system was employed in all cases. The Visionsense stereoscopic system (Orangeburg, NY) was incorporated during key portions of the procedures. Two independent surgeons assessed utility of the technology for the following 2 variables: (1) ability to facilitate orientation and depth perception; and (2) impact on completeness of surgery and potential complications.RESULTS: The mean age was 50.4 years and the male:female ratio was 6:1. Indications included anterior skull base (ASB) tumor resection (5), directed skull base biopsies (2), and ethmoid dissection adjacent to dehiscent skull base/optic nerve in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (1). Endoscopic orientation and depth perception was aided using the 3D endoscope in all cases. Additional interventions were performed in 3 cases (37.5%), including tumor resection (1) and removal of remnant ethmoid partitions (2). Limitations posed included inability to visualize a type III frontal cell (1) and loss of orientation during ASB reconstruction due to overmagnification (1). No complications were observed in this patient series.CONCLUSION: This preliminary study demonstrated the effectiveness of binocular 3D endoscopy during sinonasal and skull-base surgery. The technology facilitated depth perception and completeness of surgery without increase in complications. Additional experience is warranted to define its role in the endoscopic surgical paradigm.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Endoscopes', 'Endoscopy', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycoses', 'Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms', 'Pilot Projects', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial', 'Sinusitis', 'Skull Base', 'Video-Assisted Surgery', 'Young Adult']
| 22,287,372
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.230.220', 'E07.858.240'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E05.320'], ['C05.116.099.708.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.703'], ['C04.588.443.665.650.693', 'C08.460.669.693', 'C08.460.692.503', 'C08.785.600.693', 'C09.603.669.693', 'C09.603.692.503', 'C09.647.685.693'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['C08.460.799.315.500', 'C08.674.453.500', 'C09.603.799.315.500', 'C20.543.480.680.443.500'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['A01.456.830', 'A02.835.232.781.750'], ['E01.370.388.250.950', 'E04.502.250.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
What makes the learning of physiology in a PBL medical curriculum challenging? Student perceptions.
|
Physiology is an integral component of any medical curriculum. Traditionally, the learning of physiology has relied heavily on systems-based didactic lectures. In 2001, the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine (NRMSM; Durban, South Africa) embarked on a problem-based curriculum in which the learning of physiology was integrated with relevant clinical scenarios. Students are expected to gain an understanding of physiology through self-directed research with only certain aspects being covered in large-group resource sessions (LGRSs). It has gradually become evident that this approach has resulted in significant gaps in students' understanding of basic physiological concepts. A survey of student perceptions of needs for physiology was undertaken to gain a better understanding of their perceived problems and also to inform them of proposed curricular changes. Students were asked to what extent they thought physiology was essential for their understanding of pathology, interpretation of patients' clinical signs and presentation of symptoms, and analysis of laboratory results. Students were also invited to detail the difficulties they experienced in understanding in LGRSs on clinical and physiological topics. The results of the survey indicate that greater interaction of students with experts is needed. In particular, students felt that they lacked the basic conceptual foundations essential for the learning and understanding of physiology, since the difficulties that the students identified are mainly terminological and conceptual in nature.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Medical', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Physiology', 'Students, Medical', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,745,044
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['H01.158.782'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reversible Top1 cleavage complexes are stabilized strand-specifically at the ribosomal replication fork barrier and contribute to ribosomal DNA stability.
|
Various topological constraints at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus impose an extra challenge for transcription and DNA replication, generating constant torsional DNA stress. The topoisomerase Top1 is known to release such torsion by single-strand nicking and re-ligation in a process involving transient covalent Top1 cleavage complexes (Top1cc) with the nicked DNA. Here we show that Top1ccs, despite their usually transient nature, are specifically targeted to and stabilized at the ribosomal replication fork barrier (rRFB) of budding yeast, establishing a link with previously reported Top1 controlled nicks. Using ectopically engineered rRFBs, we establish that the rRFB sequence itself is sufficient for induction of DNA strand-specific and replication-independent Top1ccs. These Top1ccs accumulate only in the presence of Fob1 and Tof2, they are reversible as they are not subject to repair by Tdp1- or Mus81-dependent processes, and their presence correlates with Top1 provided rDNA stability. Notably, the targeted formation of these Top1ccs accounts for the previously reported broken replication forks at the rRFB. These findings implicate a novel and physiologically regulated mode of Top1 action, suggesting a mechanism by which Top1 is recruited to the rRFB and stabilized in a reversible Top1cc configuration to preserve the integrity of the rDNA.
|
['DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded', 'DNA Cleavage', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type I', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Protein Stability', 'RecQ Helicases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins']
| 24,574,527
|
[['G05.200.210.220'], ['G02.111.210', 'G05.193'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D08.811.399.403.483', 'D12.776.157.687.375', 'D12.776.660.720.375'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['G02.111.700'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.249', 'D08.811.399.340.249'], ['D12.776.354.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA stemline heterogeneity of non-small cell lung carcinomas and differences in DNA ploidy between carcinomas and metastatic nodes.
|
Nuclear DNA contents were measured using a flow cytometry technique in non-small cell lung carcinomas and differences in ploidy patterns were compared between primary lung carcinomas and metastatic lymph nodes. Negative node lung cancer revealed diploidy in 82.6% of the 224 non-small cell lung cancers, in contrast with 19.5% in positive node lung cancer. In multi-stemline cells, a high incidence of nodal involvement was seen when compared with single stemline cells. The more the DNA indices increased, the more the lymph nodes were seen to be extensively involved. Furthermore, intratumoral heterogeneity was evaluated in terms of n-categories. In conclusion, it is suggested that nodal metastasis may be caused by tumor cells with high DNA indices in lung carcinomas, in particular for multi-stemline cells.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aneuploidy', 'Carcinoma, Large Cell', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Diploidy', 'Genetic Heterogeneity', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mediastinum', 'Middle Aged', 'Ploidies', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis']
| 7,812,698
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['C04.557.470.200.260'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.700.264'], ['G05.365.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['A01.923.761.800.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.700'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of pheromone and plant volatile release rates and ratios on trapping Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China.
|
Native to China and Korea, the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a polyphagous wood-boring pest for which a trapping system would greatly benefit eradication and management programs in both the introduced and native ranges. Over two field seasons, a total of 160 flight intercept panel traps were deployed in Harbin, China, which trapped a total of 65 beetles. In 2012, traps using lures with a 1:1 ratio of the male-produced pheromone components (4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol) designed to release at a rate of 1 or 4 milligram per day per component in conjunction with the plant volatiles (-)-linalool, trans-caryophyllene, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol caught significantly more A. glabripennis females than other pheromone release rates, other pheromone ratios, plant volatiles only, and no lure controls. Males were caught primarily in traps baited with plant volatiles only. In 2013, 10? higher release rates of these plant volatiles were tested, and linalool oxide was evaluated as a fourth plant volatile in combination with a 1:1 ratio of the male-produced pheromone components emitted at a rate of 2 milligram per day per component. Significantly more females were trapped using the pheromone with the 10-fold higher three or four plant volatile release rates compared with the plant volatiles only, low four plant volatile + pheromone, and control. Our findings show that the male-produced pheromone in combination with plant volatiles can be used to detect A. glabripennis. Results also indicate that emitters should be monitored during the field season, as release rates fluctuate with environmental conditions and can be strongly influenced by formulation additives.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Coleoptera', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Insect Control', 'Male', 'Pheromones', 'Seasons', 'Volatile Organic Compounds']
| 25,259,696
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['D23.641'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D02.974']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Acetylated alpha-tubulin in Physarum: immunological characterization of the isotype and its usage in particular microtubular organelles.
|
We have used monoclonal antibodies specific for acetylated and unacetylated alpha-tubulin to characterize the acetylated alpha-tubulin isotype of Physarum polycephalum, its expression in the life cycle, and its localization in particular microtubular organelles. We have used the monoclonal antibody 6-11B-1 (Piperno, G., and M. T. Fuller, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 101:2085-2094) as the probe for acetylated alpha-tubulin and have provided a biochemical characterization of the monoclonal antibody KMP-1 as a probe for unacetylated tubulin in Physarum. Concomitant use of these two probes has allowed us to characterize the acetylated alpha-tubulin of Physarum as the alpha 3 isotype. We have detected this acetylated alpha 3 tubulin isotype in both the flagellate and in the myxameba, but not in the plasmodium. In the flagellate, acetylated tubulin is present in both the flagellar axonemes and in an extensive array of cytoplasmic microtubules. The extensive arrangement of acetylated cytoplasmic microtubules and the flagellar axonemes are elaborated during the myxameba-flagellate transformation. In the myxameba, acetylated tubulin is not present in the cytoplasmic microtubules nor in the mitotic spindle microtubules, but is associated with the two centrioles of this cell. These findings, taken together with the apparent absence of acetylated alpha-tubulin in the ephemeral microtubules of the plasmodium suggest a natural correspondence between the presence of acetylated alpha-tubulin and microtubule organelles that are intrinsically stable or cross-linked.
|
['Acetylation', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Microtubules', 'Physarum', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Tubulin']
| 3,539,947
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['G04.128'], ['G04.152'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['B01.046.550.550.600.700'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The stimulation of rat liver microsomal CDP-diacylglycerol formation by guanosine triphosphate.
|
GTP has been found to markedly enhance the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol in rat liver microsomes. Neither GDP, GMP nor the nonhydrolyzable analogues of GTP increased the synthesis of the liponucleotide. The GTP stimulation of phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase activity is inhibited by EDTA and NaF. GTP enhances the activity of the enzyme in a concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent manner and preincubation of rat liver microsomes with GTP produces a persistently activated phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase. GTP reduces the Km for phosphatidic acid, but has no effect on either the Km for CTP or the Vmax of the reaction. GTP, by stimulating the activity of the phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase, enhances the formation of phosphatidylinositol from CTP, phosphatidic acid, and inositol. Evidence is presented suggesting that the mechanism by which GTP stimulates the activity of the phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase involves a covalent modification of the enzyme itself or a protein intimately associated with the phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase.
|
['Animals', 'Cytidine Diphosphate Diglycerides', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Guanosine Diphosphate', 'Guanosine Monophosphate', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Kinetics', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars', 'Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Rats', 'Ribonucleotides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 6,257,345
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.742.686.246.150.210', 'D09.408.620.569.200', 'D13.695.740.246.150.210', 'D13.695.827.232.150.210', 'D13.695.827.708.260'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340', 'D13.695.667.454.340', 'D13.695.827.426.340'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.400', 'D13.695.667.454.400', 'D13.695.827.426.400'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D09.408.620.569', 'D13.695.201.486', 'D13.695.827.708'], ['D08.811.913.696.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D13.695.827'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute cerebral blood flow variations after human cardiac arrest assessed by stable xenon enhanced computed tomography.
|
In this study, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during acute phase after cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) were examined in patients using stable Xenon enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT). All patients (8) were stabilized hemodynamically within 4 hours after admission, and Xe-CT was performed immediately after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at 8, 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours after ROSC. The progress of patients was monitored in other hospitals and clinics after discharge. Neurological outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) 6 months after admission, and scores were compared against changes in CBF. Patients were grouped by prognosis. Four patients belonged to Group A (good recovery) and Group B (2 severely disabled, 2 in persistent vegetative state). The pattern of change in CBF after ROSC was found to be significantly different between Groups A and B (p <0.05). The CBF ratio relative to normal controls was higher in Group B than Group A within 48 hours after ROSC. However, at 48, 96, and 168 hours after ROSC, the opposite was observed: The CBF ratio was significantly higher in Group A than Group B (p<0.05). Based on these results, we concluded that CBF in the patients who survived after CPA changed remarkable especially within the first week. Furthermore, patients with abnormally low CBF that returns to supernormal within the first 48 hours following CPA can be expected to recover well neurologically.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prognosis', 'Recovery of Function', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Xenon']
| 17,311,544
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.789'], ['G16.757'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D01.268.613.900', 'D01.362.641.918']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1).
|
OBJECTIVE: To extend the phenotypic description of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) and to draw new genotype-phenotype relationships.METHODS: Mutations in GJB1 cause the main X-linked form of CMTX (CMTX1). We report cross-sectional data from 160 patients (from 120 different families, with 89 different mutations) seen at the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium centers.RESULTS: We evaluated 87 males who had a mean age of 41 years (range 10-78 years) and 73 females who had a mean age of 46 years (range 15-84 years). Sensory-motor polyneuropathy affects both sexes, more severely in males than in females, and there was a strong correlation between age and disease burden in males but not in females. Compared with females, males had more severe reduction in motor and sensory neurophysiology parameters. In contrast to females, the radial nerve sensory response in older males tended to be more severely affected compared with younger males. Median and ulnar nerve motor amplitudes were also more severely affected in older males, whereas ulnar nerve motor potentials tended to be more affected in older females. Conversely, there were no statistical differences between the sexes in other features of the disease, such as problems with balance and hand dexterity.CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of a phenotypic correlation with specific GJB1 mutations, sex-specific distinctions and clinically relevant attributes need to be incorporated into the measurements for clinical trials in people with CMTX1.CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01193075.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease', 'Child', 'Connexins', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genotyping Techniques', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neural Conduction', 'Phenotype', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Young Adult']
| 28,768,847
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['C10.500.300.200', 'C10.574.500.495.200', 'C10.668.829.800.300.200', 'C16.131.666.300.200', 'C16.320.400.375.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.543.585.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['E05.393.385'], ['E05.393.442'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['G05.695'], ['G08.686.815'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and quantitative comparison of the membrane proteomes of self-renewing and differentiating human embryonic stem cells.
|
Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a powerful quantitative proteomics platform for comprehensive characterization of complex biological systems. However, the potential of SILAC-based approaches has not been fully utilized in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research mainly because of the complex nature of hESC culture conditions. Here we describe complete SILAC labeling of hESCs with fully preserved pluripotency, self-renewal capabilities, and overall proteome status that was quantitatively analyzed to a depth of 1556 proteins and 527 phosphorylation events. SILAC-labeled hESCs appear to be perfectly suitable for functional studies, and we exploited a SILAC-based proteomics strategy for discovery of hESC-specific surface markers. We determined and quantitatively compared the membrane proteomes of the self-renewing versus differentiating cells of two distinct human embryonic stem cell lines. Of the 811 identified membrane proteins, six displayed significantly higher expression levels in the undifferentiated state compared with differentiating cells. This group includes the established marker CD133/Prominin-1 as well as novel candidates for hESC surface markers: Glypican-4, Neuroligin-4, ErbB2, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (PTPRZ), and Glycoprotein M6B. Our study also revealed 17 potential markers of hESC differentiation as their corresponding protein expression levels displayed a dramatic increase in differentiated embryonic stem cell populations.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Isotope Labeling', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 19,151,416
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.522'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.744'], ['A11.872.700'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Localization of ganglioside 9-O-acetyl GD3 in point contacts of neuronal growth cones.
|
Gangliosides are a large group of sialylated glycosphingolipids widely expressed in mammalian tissues. We have shown previously that the expression of 9-O-acetyl GD3 is highly correlated with periods of neurite outgrowth in the developing nervous system, and that the advance of dorsal root ganglia growth cones on laminin was halted in presence of an antibody specific for 9-O-acetyl GD3. In this work, we examined by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy whether this ganglioside is localized in point contacts in neuronal growth cones. We identified point contacts by immunoreactions with proteins, such as vinculin and beta1 integrin, known to be associated with these structures in growth cones. Our observations indicate that 9-O-acetyl GD3 is specifically associated with vinculin and beta1 integrin in point contacts of growth cones, suggesting a possible role for this particular ganglioside in the modulation of these contacts during neurite outgrowth.
|
['Animals', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Gangliosides', 'Growth Cones', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Integrin beta1', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Neurites', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Vinculin']
| 12,973,826
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['D09.400.410.420.025.475', 'D10.390.470.025.475', 'D10.570.877.360.025.475'], ['A11.284.180.075.249', 'A11.284.180.225.340', 'A11.284.180.610.345', 'A11.671.137.340', 'A11.671.240.340'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.220.990']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Strategic Materials in the Automobile: A Comprehensive Assessment of Strategic and Minor Metals Use in Passenger Cars and Light Trucks.
|
A comprehensive component-level assessment of several strategic and minor metals (SaMMs), including copper, manganese, magnesium, nickel, tin, niobium, light rare earth elements (LREEs; lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, and samarium), cobalt, silver, tungsten, heavy rare earth elements (yttrium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium), and gold, use in the 2013 model year Ford Fiesta, Focus, Fusion, and F-150 is presented. Representative material contents in cars and light-duty trucks are estimated using comprehensive, component-level data reported by suppliers. Statistical methods are used to accommodate possible errors within the database and provide estimate bounds. Results indicate that there is a high degree of variability in SaMM use and that SaMMs are concentrated in electrical, drivetrain, and suspension subsystems. Results suggest that trucks contain greater amounts of aluminum, nickel, niobium, and silver and significantly greater amounts of magnesium, manganese, gold, and LREEs. We find tin and tungsten use in automobiles to be 3-5 times higher than reported by previous studies which have focused on automotive electronics. Automotive use of strategic and minor metals is substantial, with 2013 vehicle production in the United States, Canada, EU15, and Japan alone accounting for approximately 20% of global production of Mg and Ta and approximately 5% of Al, Cu, and Sn. The data and analysis provide researchers, recyclers, and decision-makers additional insight into the vehicle content of strategic and minor metals of current interest.
|
['Automobiles', 'Canada', 'Japan', 'Lanthanum', 'Metals', 'Neodymium', 'Praseodymium']
| 29,120,610
|
[['J01.937.500.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['D01.268.558.362.500', 'D01.552.550.399.500'], ['D01.552'], ['D01.268.558.362.625', 'D01.552.550.399.625'], ['D01.268.558.362.750', 'D01.552.550.399.750']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Antiphospholipid syndrome in Mexican children.
|
BACKGROUND: Data on pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are very sparse.OBJECTIVES: To describe the main clinical characteristics, laboratory data and complications of pediatric APS patients, and to analyze the differences between primary APS and APS associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data of 32 children at the Federico Gomez children's hospital in Mexico. Nineteen patients had SLE, 12 (37.5%) had primary APS and 1 (3%) had immune thrombocytopenic purpura. We collected information on sociodemographic variables, vaccinations, age at onset, and family history of rheumatic disease, hematological disorders, skin disorders and non-thrombotic neurological disorders. Immunological features included immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, IgG and IgM anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-dsDNA and antinuclear antibodies.RESULTS: The patients included 24 females and 8 males. The most common thrombotic events were small vessel thrombosis (44%), venous thrombosis (28%) mainly deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in lower extremities, and arterial thrombosis (25%). The most common clinical non-thrombotic manifestations were hematological (53%) and neurological disorders (22%). There were no significant differences between groups with regard to the site of thrombosis, nonthrombotic clinical manifestations or laboratory features.CONCLUSIONS: There were some important differences between the clinical manifestations of APS in children compared with adults, but we found no significant differences between patients with primary and APS associated with SLE. Larger studies in Latin American APS children are necessary to determine whether there are differences between ethnic groups.
|
['Age of Onset', 'Antiphospholipid Syndrome', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 22,799,058
|
[['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['C20.111.197'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
New combination therapy of gliclazide and quercetin for protection against STZ-induced diabetic rats.
|
AIMS: The use of natural agents with anti-diabetic effect in combination therapy adds further positive clinical implications in the management of diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, quercetin is one of the most potent naturally occurring antioxidant which possesses various pharmacological actions including anti-diabetic effect. Thus, this research was conducted to assess the efficiency of a new combination from gliclazide and quercetin on glycemic control as well as pancreatic islets and beta cells in STZ-experimental model of diabetes.MAIN METHODS: Diabetes has been induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg) in adult male Wistar rats. For 3 consecutive weeks, diabetic rats were given orally either gliclazide (10 mg/kg), quercetin (50 mg/kg), or their combination. At the end of the experiment, histological, immunohistochemical and morphometrical examination of pancreatic tissues was performed. Furthermore, the changes in glucose metabolism, lipid profile, oxidative and inflammatory status were evaluated.KEY FINDINGS: Treatment with gliclazide alone decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor kappa-Beta while increased serum C-peptide, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and adiponectin levels. Combined administration of quercetin with gliclazide markedly augmented serum superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione more than gliclazide alone and normalized all the above-mentioned parameters. Besides, this combination therapy restored immunostaining intensity, number of pancreatic islets and beta cells along with its area and perimeter.SIGNIFICANCE: Based on the aforementioned results, this combination could be considered a promising one in diabetes mellitus management.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'C-Peptide', 'Cholesterol', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Gliclazide', 'Glutathione', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Inflammation', 'Insulin', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pancreas', 'Quercetin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Streptozocin', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Triglycerides', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 32,092,333
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.250', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.065.950.828.475', 'D02.886.590.795.475'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A03.734'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D10.351.801'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Desmoplastic fibroma of the spine causing severe mediastinal compression and brachial plexus encasement: report of 2 cases.
|
Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare bone tumor that accounts for about 0.1%-0.3% of all bone tumors. It is typically characterized as slow growing, but in rare cases it can proliferate extensively and exhibit locally aggressive characteristics. It is found most commonly in the appendicular skeleton and rarely in the axial skeleton. The authors present the cases of 2 women in their 20s with DF originating from the cervicothoracic spine. Both tumors intimately involved the brachial plexus and caused significant impingement of the mediastinum resulting in cardiopulmonary compromise. Both patients underwent hemiclamshell thoracotomies for tumor resection, and in both cases subtotal resection was performed given the encasement of the brachial plexus. Although DF is a benign process, it can be locally aggressive and proliferate at extensive rates. The authors describe these 2 cases, review the literature, and discuss management.
|
['Brachial Plexus', 'Brachial Plexus Neuropathies', 'Female', 'Fibroma, Desmoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mediastinal Diseases', 'Mediastinum', 'Spinal Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 23,952,324
|
[['A08.800.800.720.050'], ['C10.668.829.100'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.846.187'], ['A01.923.761.800.500'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Central metabolic fluxes in the endosperm of developing maize seeds and their implications for metabolic engineering.
|
?⁴C labeling experiments performed with kernel cultures showed that developing maize endosperm is more efficient than other non-photosynthetic tissues such as sunflower and maize embryos at converting maternally supplied substrates into biomass. To characterize the metabolic fluxes in endosperm, maize kernels were labeled to isotopic steady state using ?³C-labeled glucose. The resultant labeling in free metabolites and biomass was analyzed by NMR and GC-MS. After taking into account the labeling of substrates supplied by the metabolically active cob, the fluxes through central metabolism were quantified by computer-aided modeling. The flux map indicates that 51-69% of the ATP produced is used for biomass synthesis and up to 47% is expended in substrate cycling. These findings point to potential engineering targets for improving yield and increasing oil contents by, respectively, reducing substrate cycling and increasing the commitment of plastidic carbon into fatty acid synthesis at the level of pyruvate kinase.
|
['Carbon Isotopes', 'Computer Simulation', 'Endosperm', 'Gene Targeting', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Models, Biological', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Engineering', 'Signal Transduction', 'Zea mays']
| 20,969,971
|
[['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A18.024.500.750.666'], ['E05.393.335'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Urinary stones and Crohn's disease.
|
Urinary stones, renal and bladder, are common in the general population of the United States. The pathophysiology of Crohn's disease and therapeutic interventions can contribute to the development of kidney stones usually secondary to malabsorption. Knowledge of these effects is important when caring for patients with urinary stones and intestinal disease.
|
['Crohn Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Urinary Calculi']
| 16,438,252
|
[['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.967.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500', 'C23.300.175.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The role of integrins in granulocyte dysfunction in myelodysplastic syndrome.
|
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of granulocytes in 20 patients affected by myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and correlate this with the expression of surface membrane integrins. The granulocytes showed a deficit in chemotaxis (34 +/- 12 vs 84 +/- 10, p < 0.01) in superoxide release (12 +/- 7 vs 30 +/- 10, p < 0.01) and in aggregation 12 +/- 6 vs 36 +/- 9, p < 0.01 using fMLP as stimulus. We also demonstrated with cytofluorimetric and alkaline phosphatase immunoenzymatic analysis (APAAP), decreased expression of CD11b/CD18 receptor detected by OKM1 (p < 0.001) and CD18 detected by MoAb IOT-18 (p < 0.001). PMNs CD11b/CD18 up-regulation and APAAP image analysis studies showed a lower level of expression of CD11b/CD18 in granulocytes from MDS patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). We concluded that granulocyte dysfunction in MDS may be correlated with modification of leukocyte integrins.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cell Aggregation', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Integrins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Neutrophils', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 8,326,743
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G04.198.251'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Color preferences in infants and adults are different.
|
Adults commonly prefer blues most and greenish yellows least, but these hue preferences interact with lightness and saturation (e.g., dark yellow is particularly disliked: Palmer & Schloss (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:8877-8882, 2010)). Here, we tested for a similar hue-by-lightness interaction in infant looking preferences, to determine whether adult preferences are evident early in life. We measured looking times for both infants and adults in the same paired-comparison task using all possible pairs of eight colors: four hues (red/yellow/green/blue) at two lightness levels (dark/light). The adult looking data were strikingly similar to other adults' explicit preference responses, indicating for the first time that adults look longer at colors that they like. Infants showed a significant hue-by-lightness interaction, but it was quite different from the adult pattern. In particular, infants had a stronger looking preference for dark yellow and a weaker preference for light blue than did adults. The findings are discussed in relation to theories on the origins of color preference.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Child Development', 'Choice Behavior', 'Color Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Young Adult']
| 23,435,629
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Antioxidants, prostaglandins and prematurity].
|
Preterm labor could have very bad consequences for the new-born. Every method which maintain pregnancy till term deserves to be analyzed. Such an analysis could throw a light on the process of parturition and open therapeutic possibilities against prematurity. Once a food-stuff antioxidant, Diphenyl-p-Phenylene-Diamine (DPPD) given to pregnant rats, delays or prevents parturition. We confirm the results of Oser. The daily dose of 20 mg from the 17th day of pregnancy upsets parturition. If injected from the 14th day, the parturition never occurs on time. Under the same circumstances (from the 14th day) the daily dose of 40 mg, more effective than 20 or 30 mg prolongs the pregnancy duration, causes fetal resorptions and often prevents birth of living fetuses. 200 micrograms of prostaglandin F2 alpha given on the 21st day almost totally cancel the very toxic action of 40 mg of DPPD which has been injected daily from the 14th day. When an antioxidant lengthens the pregnancy duration of rats, prostaglandin F2 alpha reestablish parturition. Thus the parturition delaying action of an antioxidant may be stymied by prostaglandin F2 alpha. This delaying action might be due to an inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandin. If applied against the threat of preterm birth, it will be necessary to test the innocuity, at the doses used, of the selected antioxidant and the absence of side effects for the mother and fetus.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Female', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Pregnancy', 'Prostaglandins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 9,673,054
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C13.703.420.491'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors influencing prognosis of patients with CNS supratentorial astroglial tumors who underwent postoperative radiotherapy.
|
To find the association between survival and various prognostic factors such as age, extent of surgical intervention, duration of complaints, site of tumour, histologic grade of the tumours and the Karnofsky performance status, we studied retrospectively 179 patients with histologically proven cerebral gliomas treated postoperatively in the Radioisotopic Center from 1976 to 1989. The patient's histologic tumour grade, the Karnofsky performance status and age proved to be particularly very indicative for longer survival time. The obligatory treatment with postoperative radiation therapy has been discussed in our previous works in connection with irradiated volume and a total radiation tumor dose. The state of the patients prior to postoperative telegamma therapy (Karnofsky Performance Status) is of major importance both for the therapeutic effect of irradiation and for the quality and duration of patient's further life. Patients with low-grade tumours (I and II), the Karnofsky performance status of 70% to 90% and age under 40 years live longer.
|
['Adult', 'Astrocytoma', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Humans', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Supratentorial Neoplasms']
| 7,927,055
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.885', 'C10.228.140.211.885', 'C10.551.240.250.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of ZBP-89 as a novel GATA-1-associated transcription factor involved in megakaryocytic and erythroid development.
|
A complete understanding of the transcriptional regulation of developmental lineages requires that all relevant factors be identified. Here, we have taken a proteomic approach to identify novel proteins associated with GATA-1, a lineage-restricted zinc finger transcription factor required for terminal erythroid and megakaryocytic maturation. We identify the Kr?ppel-type zinc finger transcription factor ZBP-89 as being a component of multiprotein complexes involving GATA-1 and its essential cofactor Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that GATA-1 and ZBP-89 cooccupy cis-regulatory elements of certain erythroid and megakaryocyte-specific genes, including an enhancer of the GATA-1 gene itself. Loss-of-function studies in zebrafish and mice demonstrate an in vivo requirement for ZBP-89 in megakaryopoiesis and definitive erythropoiesis but not primitive erythropoiesis, phenocopying aspects of FOG-1- and GATA-1-deficient animals. These findings identify ZBP-89 as being a novel transcription factor involved in erythroid and megakaryocytic development and suggest that it serves a cooperative function with GATA-1 and/or FOG-1 in a developmental stage-specific manner.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Erythroid Cells', 'GATA1 Transcription Factor', 'Megakaryocytes', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Ploidies', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Transcription Factors', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 18,250,154
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['A11.443'], ['D12.776.260.235.500', 'D12.776.260.257.100', 'D12.776.930.216.500', 'D12.776.930.314.100'], ['A11.148.479', 'A15.378.316.479'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.700'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microanatomical effects of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult Wistar rats.
|
The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n = 5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600 mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups' vis-?-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida at 600 mg/kg body weight can cause gastric lesion in animals. This lesion may be pronounced if the administration continued for days. Cola nitida should, therefore, be taken with caution to avoid gastric complications.
|
['Animals', 'Cola', 'Ethanol', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Male', 'Microscopy', 'Nuts', 'Plant Extracts', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Stomach Ulcer']
| 21,304,612
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.212'], ['D02.033.375'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['A18.024.500.500', 'G07.203.300.700', 'J02.500.700'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Access to fertility services in Canada for HIV-positive individuals and couples: a comparison between 2007 and 2014.
|
In the modern era of HIV care, a multitude of clinical needs have emerged; one such need is the growing sub-specialty of HIV and reproductive health. In 2007, a study surveying Canadian fertility clinics found limited access to fertility services for HIV-positive patients. Given the extensive efforts made to address this lack of services, a follow-up assessment was warranted. This study aimed to compare the access to Canadian fertility clinics and services for HIV-positive individuals and couples in 2014 and 2007. Surveys were sent to medical or laboratory directors of assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in 2014 and results were compared to those sent in 2007. Main outcome measures included: the proportion of fertility clinics willing to provide ART to people with HIV, the specific services offered, and whether the 2012 Canadian HIV Pregnancy Planning Guidelines were implemented to inform practice. Across Canadian provinces, 20/34 (59%) clinics completed the survey. Ninety-five percent (19/20) of clinics accepted HIV-positive patients for consultation. Only 50% (10/20) of clinics in four provinces offered a full range of ART (defined as including in vitro fertilization [IVF]). Ten clinics (50%) in five provinces were aware that guidelines exist; half (n = 5) having read them and four reporting implementation of all the guidelines' recommendations in their practice. Compared to 2007, more clinics had implemented separate facilities (p = 0.028) to treat HIV-positive individuals, offered IVF (p = 0.013) for HIV-positive female partners, sperm washing (p = 0.033) for HIV-positive male partners, and risk reduction techniques to couples with HIV-positive men and women (p = 0.006). Access to fertility clinics for people with HIV has improved over time but is still regionally dependent and access to full ART remains limited. These findings suggest the need for advocacy targeted towards geographical-specific areas and optimizing access to comprehensive services.
|
['Adult', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Canada', 'Family Planning Services', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted']
| 28,553,759
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.278.035'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['G08.686.210'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.875.800', 'E05.820.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pioneering Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening and Treatment Targeting Low Income Communities in Malaysia (20102015).
|
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of uptake of a customised annual Colorectal Cancer Awareness, Screening and Treatment Project (CCASTP) using faecal immunohistochemical test (FIT) kits in low income communities in Malaysia. The immediate objectives were (1) to evaluate the level of adherence of CRC screening among lowincome groups, (2) to assess the knowledge and awareness of the screened population and (3) to assess the accuracy of FIT kits. A total of 1,581 FIT kits were distributed between years 2010 to 2015 to healthy asymptomatic participants of the annual CCASTP organized by Empowered the Cancer Advocacy Society of Malaysia. Data for sociodemographic characteristics, critical health and lifestyle information of the registered subjects were collected. Findings for use of the FIT kits were collected when they were returned for stool analyses. Those testingd positive were invited to undergo a colonoscopy examination. A total of 1,436 (90.8%) of the subjects retuned the FITkits, showing high compliance. Among the 129 subjects with positive FIT results, 92 (71.3%) underwent colonoscopy. Six cases (6.5%) of CRC were found. Based on the data collected, the level of awareness of stool examination and knowledge about CRC was poor amongst the participants. Gender, age group, ethnicity and risk factors (i.e. smoking, lack of exercise and low consumption of fresh fruits) were associated with positive FITkit results. In conclusion, CRC screening can be performed in the community with a single FITkit. Although CRC knowledge and awareness is poor in lowincome communities, the average return rate of the FIT kits and rate of colonoscopy examination were 91.2% and 70.3%, respectively.
|
['Aged', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occult Blood', 'Poverty', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors']
| 27,509,948
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.390.500'], ['A12.459'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.925', 'E05.200.925'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The economic origins of ultrasociality.
|
Ultrasociality refers to the social organization of a few species, including humans and some social insects, having a complex division of labor, city-states, and an almost exclusive dependence on agriculture for subsistence. We argue that the driving forces in the evolution of these ultrasocial societies were economic. With the agricultural transition, species could directly produce their own food and this was such a competitive advantage that those species now dominate the planet. Once underway, this transition was propelled by the selection of within-species groups that could best capture the advantages of (1) actively managing the inputs to food production, (2) a more complex division of labor, and (3) increasing returns to larger scale and larger group size. Together these factors reoriented productive life and radically altered the structure of these societies. Once agriculture began, populations expanded as these economic drivers opened up new opportunities for the exploitation of resources and the active management of inputs to food production. With intensified group-level competition, larger populations and intensive resource exploitation became competitive advantages, and the "social conquest of Earth" was underway. Ultrasocial species came to dominate the earth's ecosystems. Ultrasociality also brought a loss of autonomy for individuals within the group. We argue that exploring the common causes and consequences of ultrasociality in humans and the social insects that adopted agriculture can provide fruitful insights into the evolution of complex human society.
|
['Agriculture', 'Animals', 'Crop Production', 'Economics, Behavioral', 'Ecosystem', 'Group Processes', 'Hierarchy, Social', 'Humans', 'Insecta', 'Personal Autonomy', 'Social Behavior', 'Work']
| 25,915,060
|
[['J01.040'], ['B01.050'], ['J01.040.227'], ['F04.096.628.286', 'N03.219.215'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['F01.829.316'], ['I01.880.853.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['F02.600', 'I01.880.604.473.380.500', 'K01.752.566.479.830.650', 'N03.706.437.380.500', 'N05.350.958.650'], ['F01.145.813'], ['I03.946']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Digital image analysis in dental research applied for treatment of fissures on occlusal surfaces of premolars.
|
The aim of this paper was to quantitatively assess caries changes of teeth by using digital image analysis. Digital images of stained sections of crowns of teeth were acquired with a computer-assisted light microscope. In each image, spots representing the main and total demineralization of enamel were segmented to determine their area. The area of total demineralization was significantly different between premolars with sealed fissures and unprotected premolars as indicated by the Mann-Whitney test. Fissures on occlusal surfaces of premolars were characterized by their width, height, and distance from the bottom of the fissure to the enamel-dentin junction. This distance was also significantly different between protected and unprotected teeth. The results of our in vitro studies of enamel lesions allow us to plan an effective diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of early caries changes in in vivo conditions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bicuspid', 'Dental Fissures', 'Dental Occlusion', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Microscopy', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Pit and Fissure Sealants', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surface Properties', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,918,908
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A14.549.167.860.150'], ['C07.793.720.210.220'], ['E06.276', 'G10.549.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['L01.399.750'], ['D25.339.773', 'J01.637.051.339.773'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G02.860'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Microbial hazard of salted OM El-Kholoul (wedge shell Donax trunculus).
|
Sixty samples of salted OM El-Kholoul were collected from different localities in Giza, Alexandria and Ismailia. The samples were examined organoleptically and bacteriological examination of samples were performed for enumeration of aerobic, Enterobacteriaceae, Staph. aureus, Enterococci counts as well as isolation and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The mean counts/gm of aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, Staph. aureus, Strept. faecalis and Strept. faecum were 4.9 x 10(5), 4.8 x 10(4), 1.9 x 10(5), 1.5 x 10(5) and 8 x 10(2), respectively. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from all examined samples. Moreover, the weight, pH and sodium chloride percentage of ten samples were estimated. Trial was done to investigate the inhibitory effect of lemon juice (Citrus aurantifolia) on the microbial load of Om El-Kholoul, where the inhibitory effect of this juice was noticed. The public health significance of isolated microorganisms was discussed, moreover the suggestive measures for improvement of the microbial quality of the product were mentioned.
|
['Animals', 'Bacteria, Aerobic', 'Beverages', 'Citrus', 'Enterobacteriaceae', 'Mollusca', 'Shellfish', 'Sodium Chloride, Dietary', 'Vibrio parahaemolyticus']
| 9,529,997
|
[['B01.050'], ['B03.120'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.177'], ['B03.440.450.425', 'B03.660.250.150'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['G07.203.300.600.875.700', 'J02.500.600.875.700'], ['D01.857.650.705', 'D01.857.875.705'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.550', 'B03.660.250.830.830.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictive value for coronary heart disease of baseline high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among Fredrickson type IIa subjects in the Helsinki Heart Study.
|
In the Helsinki Heart Study 2,590 subjects (63.5% of total) had a type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia at screening. Baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mean 193 mg/dl; 5 mmol/liter) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mean 50.2 mg/dl; 1.3 mmol/liter) showed no statistical correlation (r = 0.046). Both the placebo (1,293 patients) and gemfibrozil groups (1,297 patients) were divided into tertiles by baseline HDL and LDL cholesterol to determine the relative predictive risk of developing coronary artery disease. In a population with elevated LDL cholesterol, it is significant that the lipoprotein fraction with the greatest predictive value was HDL cholesterol. The severity of LDL cholesterol elevation did not provide any differential predictive value for coronary artery disease.
|
['Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Coronary Disease', 'Finland', 'Gemfibrozil', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Probability', 'Random Allocation', 'Risk Factors', 'Triglycerides']
| 2,392,990
|
[['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['D02.241.081.114.968.500.750', 'D02.241.081.944.509.350', 'D02.355.726.305.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.305.750', 'D10.251.400.895.593.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.398.481', 'C18.452.584.500.500.644.475', 'C18.452.648.398.481'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Screening for biomarkers reflecting the progression of Babesia microti infection.
|
BACKGROUND: Babesiosis is caused by the invasion of erythrocytes by parasites of the Babesia spp. Babesia microti is one of the primary causative agents of human babesiosis. To better understand the status of the disease, discovering key biomarkers of the different infection stages is crucial.RESULTS: This study investigated B. microti infection in the mouse model from 0 to 270 days post-infection (dpi), using blood smears, PCR assays and ELISA. PCR assays showed a higher sensitivity when compared to microscopic examination. Specific IgG antibodies could be detected from 7 days to 270 dpi. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was combined with western blotting and mass spectrometric analysis to screen for specific reactive antigens during both the peak parasitaemia period (7 dpi) and IgG antibody response peak period (30 dpi) by the infected mice plasma. The 87 positive reactive proteins were identified and then expressed with the wheat germ cell-free system. Protein microarrays of all 87 targeted proteins were produced and hybridized with the serial plasma of infected mice model. Based on the antigen reaction profile during the infection procedure, 6 antigens were selected and expressed in Escherichia coli. Due to an early response to IgM, lower immunoreactivity levels of IgG after two months and higher immunoreactivity level IgG during nine months, four recombinant proteins were selected for further characterization, namely rBm2D97(CCF75281.1), rBm2D33(CCF74637.1), rBm2D41(CCF75408.1) and rBm7(CCF73510.1). The diagnostic efficacy of the four recombinant protein candidates was evaluated in a clinical setting using babesiosis patient plasma. The rBm2D33 showed the highest sensitivity with a positive rate of 62.5%. Additional characterization of the two candidate proteins using a mouse vaccination assay, demonstrated that rBm2D41 could reduce peak parasitaemia by 37.4%, indicating its efficacy in preventing severe babesiosis.CONCLUSIONS: The detection technologies of microscopic examination, PCR assays and antibody tests showed different sensitivities and accuracy during the different stages of B. microti infection. Antibody detection has a unique significance for B. microti infection in the asymptomatic stages. Using immunoreactivity profiles, biomarkers for disease progression were identified and represent useful information for future the diagnosis and vaccine development for this serious disease of public health significance.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Babesia microti', 'Babesiosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Data Accuracy', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mice', 'Parasitemia', 'Protein Array Analysis', 'Proteomics', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 29,970,143
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['D23.050.293'], ['B01.043.075.600.580.070.550'], ['C01.610.701.688.122', 'C01.610.752.075', 'C01.610.752.625.122', 'C01.920.930.182', 'C22.674.710.122'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.308.028', 'E05.318.370.725.250', 'L01.399.250.202', 'N05.715.360.300.202', 'N05.715.360.325.685.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C01.610.695', 'C23.550.470.790.500.580'], ['E05.588.570.700', 'E05.601.680'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Salvage radiotherapy in patients with persistently detectable PSA or PSA rising from an undetectable range after radical prostatectomy gives comparable results.
|
PURPOSE: Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is applied routinely in patients with a biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP). Although the detection threshold for relapse after RP has steadily been lowered, only about 30% of the SRT patients achieve a durable response. We have previously shown the association between a PSA decrease below detectable levels after SRT and biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS). After recalculating our data according to a more recent definition of biochemical failure after SRT, we now show the significance of the post-RP PSA nadir.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 159 prostate cancer patients without hormonal treatment after RP, SRT was given to 72 patients with persistently detectable PSA after RP and to 87 whose PSA increased out of an undetectable range. The median pre-SRT PSA was 0.29 ng/ml for the former group and 0.34 ng/ml for the latter group. A radiation dose of 66.6 Gy was applied to the prostate bed.RESULTS: The overall median follow-up time was 41.7 months. The probability for BPFS after this period was 52.8% in 72 patients with persistently detectable PSA after RP and 65.4% in 87 patients who had a post-RP PSA nadir below detection limit. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no significant difference in BPFS of both patient groups (p > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that SRT is a viable treatment option for patients with persistently detectable PSA, giving similar results as in patients whose PSA increases out of an undetectable range after RP.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Humans', 'Kallikreins', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,460,203
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.895'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Gramicidin channels: a new mechanism for transmembrane transfer of ions (from high resolution x-ray structural studies of the antibiotic)].
|
The crystal structure of the membrane-active antibiotic-cyclopeptide gramicidin S complex with urea was determined by the X-ray structure analysis. The gramicidin S molecule possesses an antiparallel beta-structure, its slightly twisted 30-membered cycle has a roughly rectangular form about 4.8 x 13.6 A in size, with the lesser side being formed by the main chain atoms of Phe and Pro residues. The maximum size of the molecule is 22.9 A. A characteristic feature of the molecule is the position of the extended side chains of the Orn residues on one side of the molecular cycle in the form of peculiar "legs--tentacles". One of these legs is "fastened" by the intramolecular H-bond to O atom of the nearer Phe4 residue, the other being free. The distance between the terminal NE atoms of the Orn residues is 5.7 A. The side chains of the Phe and Orn2 residues have trans-orientation, those of the Val, Orn7, Leu residues gauche-orientation. For Val1 and Leu3 side chains statistical disorder of the terminal C atoms is realized. The pyrrolidine rings of the Pro residues adopt Cs-C beta-exo conformation. There are one urea and 20 water molecules per one antibiotic molecule in the structure. The positions of three water molecules are fully occupied, the others with the probability of 0.56-0.20. One of the "water" positions is occupied on 2/3 by water, and on 1/3 by the O atom of the alcohol. There is a complicated system of intra- and intermolecular H-bonds in the structure, with and without the participation of water, alcohol and urea molecules. The gramicidin S molecules, collecting around 3(1) axis according to the left-handed double helix, form the channels whose outside hydrophobic surface is built of the side uncharged radicals, the inside surface being built of the main chain atoms, mainly of the O and N atoms and of the ornithine "tails" with uncharged NE atoms at the termini. The outer diameter of the channel is 29-43 A, inner (without ornithine "tails") is about 12.7 A. At the expense of the change of these "tails" conformation, the inner diameter of the channel filled with water molecules may change from 3.4 up to 6.3 A. Thus, the ions and particles of a rather large size may pass through the channel. The gramicidin channels are discovered and described for the first time. The channels in the crystal structure are close-packed under the hexagonal law.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Membrane', 'Gramicidin', 'Ion Channels', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Conformation', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 1,381,919
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.345.566.850.300', 'D12.644.641.850.300', 'D12.776.543.695.221'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of sucrose in equine serum using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
|
Mucosal integrity may be objectively assessed by determination of the absorption of exogenous substances such as sucrose. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) have been reported for the accurate quantification of low concentrations of sucrose in serum. LC/MS offered the advantage of high sensitivity and mass selectivity without the need for extensive sample derivatization required for GC/MS methods. However, the high polarity and non-volatile nature of the sucrose molecule renders LC/MS techniques challenging. Previously published reports lacked sufficient detail to permit replication of methodology. Problems encountered with existing protocols included poor peak resolution and weak fragmentation of the parent molecule. This communication describes a LC/MS protocol developed to provide improved resolution and product detection.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Fructose', 'Glucose', 'Horses', 'Ions', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sucrose']
| 22,024,392
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D09.947.875.359.250', 'D09.947.875.465.354'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D01.248.497'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a rare complication following electrical injury.
|
We report on two previously healthy patients who developed severe form of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) following an electric injury. Both the patients developed symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in the form of dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness, and palpitations, weeks to months after electrical injury. Orthostatic intolerance produced considerable functional impairment in these patients. Early recognition of POTS when it occurs after an electrical injury allows for prompt evaluation and management to occur.
|
['Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electric Injuries', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome', 'Rare Diseases']
| 20,015,131
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['C26.324'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.177.575.600.625'], ['C23.550.291.906']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Re-affirmation of a Preliminary Live with Love Conceptual Framework for cancer couple dyads: A couple-based complex intervention study.
|
PURPOSE: The relational dynamics of couples may be under great strain due to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A complex "Caring for Couples Coping with Cancer" (4Cs) intervention program, guided by a Preliminary Live with Love Conceptual Framework (P-LLCF) for Cancer Couple Dyads, was developed to support couples going through such hardship. The purpose of this paper is to present a re-analysis of the results of the 4Cs intervention program to determine whether the findings provide evidence to support the constructs in the P-LLCF.METHODS: The 4Cs intervention was provided to support cancer patients and their spousal caregivers. The pre- and post-intervention findings of the 4Cs intervention program were re-analyzed using descriptive-correlational analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test whether the findings provide evidence to support the constructs in the P-LLCF.RESULTS: A total of 92 out of the 117 dyads at baseline (T0) were successfully followed-up at 6 weeks (T1). The re-analysis of the findings from the 4Cs program (T1 outcomes) showed inter-relationships among the components included in the P-LLCF: dyadic mediators, dyadic coping, dyadic appraisal, and dyadic outcomes. The SEM of all six models resulted in convergence and showed goodness of fit to the data and variables, which is supportive of the constructs in the P-LLCF.CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis of the T1 outcome measures of the 4Cs program provides evidence to support the constructs in the P-LLCF. Multiple mutual effects existed between couples in the process of living and coping with cancer as dyads.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Caregivers', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Love', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Quality of Life', 'Spouses']
| 26,447,085
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.470.734'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F01.829.263.500.660', 'I01.880.853.150.500.670', 'M01.816']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Roles of RNase E, RNase II and PNPase in the degradation of the rpsO transcripts of Escherichia coli: stabilizing function of RNase II and evidence for efficient degradation in an ams pnp rnb mutant.
|
The Escherichia coli rpsO gene gives rise to different mRNA species resulting either from termination of transcription or from processing of primary transcripts by RNase E and RNase III. The main degradation pathway of these transcripts involves a rate-limiting RNase E cleavage downstream of the structural gene which removes the 3' terminal stem-loop structure of the transcription terminator. This structure protects the message from the attack of 3'-5' exonucleases and its removal results in very rapid degradation of the transcript by polynucleotide phosphorylase and RNase II. Polynucleotide phosphorylase is also able to degrade slowly the mRNA harboring the 3' terminal hairpin of the terminator. In contrast, RNase II appears to protect the rpsO mRNA species which retains the 3' hairpin structure. Rapid degradation of the rpsO mRNA is observed after inactivation of RNase II even in a strain deficient for RNase E and polynucleotide phosphorylase. The enzyme(s) involved in this degradation pathway is not known. We detected an unstable elongated rpsO mRNA presumably resulting from the addition of nucleotides at the 3' end of the transcript.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Endoribonucleases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Exoribonucleases', 'Integrases', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Polyribonucleotide Nucleotidyltransferase', 'Protein Denaturation', 'RNA Precursors', 'RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'Ribonucleases', 'Ribosomal Proteins']
| 7,519,147
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.365.300', 'D08.811.277.352.700.375'], ['D08.811.739.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.532'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['D13.400.730', 'D13.444.735.640'], ['G02.111.760', 'G03.839', 'G05.308.700'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['D12.776.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Providing pastoral care services in a clinical setting to veterans at-risk of suicide.
|
The value of enhanced spiritual wellbeing has largely been overlooked as part of suicide prevention efforts in Veterans. The aim of this qualitative study is to examine the clinical pastoral care services provided by VA Chaplains to Veterans at-risk of suicide. This study was conducted using in-depth interviews with five Chaplains affiliated with a medical center located in upstate New York. This study was able to show that some at-risk individuals do actively seek out pastoral care, demonstrating a demand for such services. In conclusion, a pastoral care framework may already exist in some clinical settings, giving at-risk Veterans the opportunity to access spiritual care.
|
['Clergy', 'Humans', 'New York', 'Pastoral Care', 'Primary Health Care', 'Qualitative Research', 'Spirituality', 'Suicide', 'Veterans']
| 23,471,771
|
[['M01.526.799.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['F02.784.176.560', 'F02.880.410'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['F02.880.705', 'K01.844.664.500'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prognostic risk assessment in primary breast cancer by behavioral and immunological parameters.
|
Although findings from recent animal studies suggest that behavioral factors such as "helplessness" play a role in cancer progression, very few such studies with humans have been carried out. The study investigated the predictive power of an immunologic effector cell, the natural killer (NK) cell, as well as selected psychological and demographic factors, to breast cancer prognostic risk status. It was found that NK activity predicted the status of cancer spread to the axillary lymph nodes. Patients who had low levels of NK activity were rated as well-adjusted to their illness; patients who had higher NK activity appeared to be distressed or maladjusted. These findings are discussed in the light of recent animal findings linking environmental stress and behavioral responsiveness to biological vulnerability via endocrine and immune pathways.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Random Allocation', 'Risk']
| 4,018,006
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the small intestine].
|
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common cause of hospitalisation. In most patients, the origin and location of bleeding can be established in routine endoscopic and radiological examinations. The undiagnosed cases of so-called gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin require more sophisticated diagnostic methods. We present a case of 35-year old man with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding due to a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the jejunum that was revealed in the visceral angiography.
|
['Adult', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors', 'Humans', 'Jejunal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Recurrence']
| 16,886,571
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['C04.557.450.565.370', 'C06.301.371.308', 'C06.405.249.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.523', 'C06.301.371.411.523', 'C06.405.249.411.523', 'C06.405.469.491.523', 'C06.405.469.600.523'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Declining HIV incidence among patients attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Pune, India.
|
OBJECTIVE: A recent report suggesting declining HIV transmission rates in southern India has been based on HIV seroprevalence data to estimate HIV incidence. We analyzed HIV incidence rates among 3 cohorts (male, female non-sex worker, female sex worker [FSW]) presenting to sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Pune, India over 10 years.METHODS: Between 1993 and 2002, consenting HIV-uninfected individuals were enrolled in a prospective study of the risks for HIV seroconversion. Standardized HIV incidence estimates were calculated separately for the 3 cohorts.RESULTS: HIV acquisition risk declined by more than 70% for FSWs (P = 0.02) and men (P < 0.001) attending the STI clinics. There was no significant reduction in HIV incidence among women attending STI clinics (P = 0.74). The decline in HIVacquisition risk among male patients with STIs was associated with an increase in reported condom use with recent FSW contact and a decrease in genital ulcer disease.CONCLUSIONS: We report the first direct evidence for a decline in HIV incidence rates in FSWs and male patients with STIs over time. The lack of change in HIV infection risk among non-sex worker women highlights the need for additional targeted HIV prevention interventions.
|
['Adult', 'Cohort Studies', 'Condoms', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'HIV-2', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'India', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Safe Sex', 'Sex Work']
| 17,558,335
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802.845'], ['F01.145.802.790', 'I01.880.735.679']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Further isolation and characterization of grammistins from the skin secretion of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus.
|
Soapfishes contain peptide toxins (grammistins) in the skin secretion. Two grammistins (Gs 1 and Gs 2) and six grammistins (Pp 1, Pp 2a, Pp 2b, Pp 3, Pp 4a and Pp 4b) have already been isolated from Grammistes sexlineatus and Pogonoperca punctata, respectively. In this study, five grammistins (Gs A-E), together with grammistins Gs 1 and Gs 2, were further isolated from G. sexlineatus by gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Sequence analyses revealed that grammistins Gs A (28 residues) and Gs C (26 residues) are analogous to grammistin Pp 3 and grammistin Gs B (12 residues) to grammistin Pp 1, while grammistins Gs D (13 residues) and Gs E (13 residues) are identical with grammistins Pp 1 and Pp 2b, respectively. Grammistins Gs A-C exhibited antibacterial activity with a broad spectrum against nine species of bacteria in common with the other grammistins but had no hemolytic activity differing from the other grammistins. Grammistins Gs A-E, Gs 1 and Gs 2 could release carboxyfluorescein entrapped within liposomes made of either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine (3:1), demonstrating their membrane-lytic activity. However, no clear relationship between the membrane-lytic activity and the biological activity of grammistins was recognized.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fish Venoms', 'Fluoresceins', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Hemolysis', 'Liposomes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Perciformes', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Skin']
| 15,777,955
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D20.888.370', 'D23.946.580.370', 'D23.946.833.370'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['B03.510'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A satisfaction survey of opioid-dependent patients with methadone maintenance treatment.
|
The aim of this study was to examine opioid-dependent patients' satisfaction with the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program in Malaysia and identify predictors of satisfaction. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire developed and validated by Rankin Court, New South Wales, Australia. Of 502 patients approached in 11 MMT centers in Malaysia, 425 agreed to participate giving a response rate of 85%. In terms of overall satisfaction, a high percentage of respondents (85%) were satisfied with the MMT services. A logistic regression analysis showed that only "centres" and marital status were associated with overall satisfaction and that being single (OR 3.31; 95% CI 1.52 to 7.20) or married (OR 4.06; 95% CI 1.76 to 9.38) was associated with higher odds of overall satisfaction compared to being divorced or separated. An analysis of the responses pertaining to the most desired changes required at the center found dosing hours, waiting area and staff shortages to be common. The findings acquired from this survey will be useful to attain a clearer perspective on what aspects of the MMT service need to be reviewed for the improvement of service delivery.
|
['Adult', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methadone', 'Middle Aged', 'New South Wales', 'Opiate Substitution Treatment', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Substance Abuse Treatment Centers', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 25,616,750
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.522.675'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['E02.319.620'], ['C25.775.643.500', 'F03.900.647.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N02.278.035.128.800', 'N02.278.808.930'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hearing disability in people aged 50-65: effectiveness and acceptability of rehabilitative intervention.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the best means of detecting hearing disability in subjects aged 50-65 and whether rehabilitative intervention is acceptable in this age group.DESIGN: Questionnaire survey of patients on general practice age-sex registers. Two types of questionnaire were used, one being based on the closed set approach of the Institute of Hearing Research questionnaire, which had been used in a pilot study, and the other being a simplified version of this questionnaire developed by the Welsh Hearing Institute and based on open set questions. Questionnaires were sent up to three times, and any patients who had not responded two months after the last posting were personally contacted.SETTING: Two general practices in Glyncorrwg and Blaengwynfi in the Afan valley, West Glamorgan.PATIENTS: 271 Patients in Glyncorrwg (136 men, 135 women) and 333 patients in Blaengwynfi (173 men, 160 women) aged 50-65.INTERVENTIONS: All patients indicating hearing disability in answering the questionnaires were invited to attend for a evaluative session in their village. After audiometric testing advice and arrangements for fitting a hearing aid were offered as appropriate.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rates and prevalence of hearing disability before intervention and of possession of hearing aids before and after intervention.RESULTS: After three postings and personal contact the response rate was 98% (266/271) in Glyncorrwg, where the complex questionnaire was used, and 97% (322/333) in Blaengwynfi. The prevalence of hearing disability was respectively 53% (141/266) and 46% (148/322) and the prevalence of owning a hearing aid 7% (19/266) and 8% (24/322). After intervention the possession of hearing aids rose to 24% (64/266) in Glyncorrwg and 22% (71/322) in Blaengwynfi; six months later the aids were being used regularly. A direct comparison of the two questionnaires in 69 subjects from Blaengwynfi showed no significant differences in the amount of disability detected by each one. The first posting of questionnaires detected 65% (189/289) of the hearing disability in the two villages or 78% (72/92) of those prepared to accept hearing aids for the first time; 96% (88/92) of those who accepted hearing aids were detected by two postings.CONCLUSIONS: Simple questionnaires are effective in detecting hearing disabilities in people aged 50-65, and intervention was acceptable in many of those who reported having difficulties in hearing. The response rates from successive postings suggest that two postings are sufficient in terms of the return in detecting those who will accept intervention.
|
['Aged', 'Correction of Hearing Impairment', 'Female', 'Hearing Aids', 'Hearing Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prevalence', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Wales']
| 2,107,929
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.200', 'E02.831.200', 'H02.403.680.600.500', 'N02.421.784.377'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['C09.218.458', 'C10.597.751.418', 'C23.888.592.763.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363.914']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Learning to assist smokers through encounters with standardized patients: An innovative training for physicians in an Eastern European country.
|
OBJECTIVES: A lack of physician training is a major obstacle for effective tobacco dependence treatment. This study assessed the feasibility of an active learning training program and its effects on smoking cessation counselling skills of medical residents in Armenia, an Eastern European country with high smoking prevalence.STUDY DESIGN: The study used a pre-post assessment of smoking cessation counselling activities and a course evaluation survey to assess the feasibility of the intervention in a different environment.METHODS: We adapted an active learning training model developed in Switzerland. Residents were trained in Yerevan, Armenia, using video-taped counselling sessions, role plays, standardized patients (actors), group discussions and immediate feedback. The training evaluation was done using a semi-structured anonymous questionnaire. The study assessed the physicians' self-reported smoking cessation counselling activities before and 6 months after the training. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to assess pre-post differences in physicians' counselling skills measured on ordinal scale.RESULTS: Of the 37 residents trained, 75% were female, 89% aged 20-29 years and 83% were never-smokers. Twenty-eight trainees (76%) returned the course evaluation survey and 32 (86%) answered a questionnaire on skills self-assessment at 6 months follow-up. The majority agreed the course was successful in achieving its learning objectives (64%-96%) and increased their confidence in assisting their patients to quit (74%). After 6 months, the physicians were more likely than at baseline to adhere to evidence-based counselling strategies, including assessing the smoking status and dependence and matching the advice to the patient motivation. The training did not, however, improve the prescription of tobacco dependence medications.CONCLUSIONS: Six months after the training, several self-reported smoking cessation counselling activities had significantly improved compared to baseline. This training model is acceptable for medical residents in Yerevan, Armenia and offers a promising approach in addressing the lack of physician counselling skills in similar settings and populations.
|
['Adult', 'Armenia', 'Counseling', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Educational', 'Patient Simulation', 'Physicians', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Program Evaluation', 'Smokers', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'Young Adult']
| 31,557,211
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.900.099', 'Z01.542.931.099', 'Z01.586.035.150', 'Z01.586.950.099'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.545', 'I02.903.302'], ['I02.903.847.500'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['F02.463.425.720', 'I02.158.660', 'I02.903.565'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['M01.808'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Predictive factors associated with three years of response to HbA1c goals with exenatide QW or insulin glargine: Post-hoc analysis of the DURATION-3 study.
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This post-hoc analysis of the DURATION-3 study aimed to identify factors associated with sustained glycaemic response with exenatide once weekly (QW) or insulin glargine (IG) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Response was defined as achieving treatment target of HbA1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) at Week 26; sustained responders maintained the treatment target for ?80% of remaining visits, including one during the final 6 months. Of 467 patients, 287 (61.5%) completed 156 weeks of treatment. At Week 26, 175 patients (61.0%) (exenatide QW, n = 95; IG, n = 80) achieved an HbA1c response. At Week 156, 84 of 175 responders (48.0%) had sustained response, with more sustained responders with exenatide QW (22.7% vs 13.9% with IG; P < 0.03). Logistic regression identified three predictors of sustained response: (a) exenatide QW vs IG treatment (odds ratio, 2.584 [95% confidence interval, 1.288-5.187]; P = 0.0075), (b) lower HbA1c at Week 26 (0.139 [0.053-0.366]; P < 0.0001), and (c) lower fasting serum glucose at Week 26 (0.693 [0.541-0.888]; P = 0.0037). A regression model was used to estimate the likelihood of sustained response with either treatment. This analysis provides a helpful tool for predicting sustained response with exenatide QW or IG.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Exenatide', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin Glargine', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,520,252
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D12.644.187', 'D20.888.300', 'D23.946.833.300'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.100', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.100'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of aging on the functional outcome of coloanal anastomosis with colonic J-pouch.
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BACKGROUND: Many low rectal cancers can be treated radically by proctectomy with total mesorectal excision followed by colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis (CPAA). In elderly patients, the fear of poor function might reduce indications for CPAA in favor of abdomino-perineal excision with end stoma.METHODS: Among 198 patients with CPAA operated on for low rectal cancer between 1984 and 1992, 20 patients over 75 years old were alive without recurrence at the time of telephone interview (July 1995). Minimal follow-up was 3 years (mean 8) for all patients. Their functional results were compared with those of 37 younger patients operated consecutively during the last 5 years of the study period.RESULTS: The two groups were well matched for gender, tumor distance from the anal verge, histologic staging, and use of adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up was longer in the elderly group than in the young group (96 versus 63 months, respectively). The elderly group had a median of 1 bowel movement per day and the young group a median of 1.5 (P = 0.13). The presence of irregular intestinal transit was reported in 48% of the aged and in 35% of the young group (P = 0.6), but fragmented defecation was less frequent (25% versus 47%, respectively; P = 0.15). Urgency was noted, respectively, in 15% and 22% of elderly and young patients (P = 0.7) and constipation in 40% and 22% (P = 0.2). Incontinence for feces (15%) and for flatus (40%) in elderly were not significantly different from the younger group (14% and 46%, P = 1.0 and P = 0.8, respectively). Laxatives were used in 32% of elderly and 17% of young patients (P = 0.3).CONCLUSION: Functional outcome may be good to excellent in elderly patients after CPAA and compares well with that obtained in younger patients. Constipation, however, may be more frequent in the elderly. Age is not a contraindication for CPAA if the sphincter tone is clinically normal.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Anal Canal', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Colon', 'Defecation', 'Fecal Incontinence', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Proctocolectomy, Restorative', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,560,121
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['E04.035'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['G10.261.165'], ['C06.405.469.860.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.210.219.620', 'E04.210.895.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reducing the impact of PCR-mediated recombination in molecular evolution and environmental studies using a new-generation high-fidelity DNA polymerase.
|
PCR-mediated recombination can greatly impact estimates of diversity, both in environmental studies and in analyses of gene family evolution. Here we measure chimera (PCR-mediated recombinant) formation by analyzing a mixture of eight partial actin sequences isolated from the amoeba Arcella hemisphaerica amplified under a variety of conditions that mimic standard laboratory situations. We further compare a new-generation proofreading processivity-enhanced polymerase to both a standard proofreading enzyme and previously published results. Proofreading polymerases are preferred over other polymerases in instances where evolutionary inferences must be made. Our analyses reveal that reducing the initial template concentration is as critical as reducing the number of cycles for decreasing chimera formation and improving accuracy. Furthermore, assessing the efficiency of recovery of original haplotypes demonstrates that multiple PCR reactions are required to capture the actual genetic diversity of a sample. Finally, the experiments confirm that processivity-enhanced polymerases enable a substantial decrease in PCR-mediated recombination through reducing starting template concentration, without compromising the robustness of PCR reactions.
|
['Actins', 'Amoeba', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Chimera', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Variation', 'Haplotypes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Temperature', 'Templates, Genetic', 'Time Factors']
| 19,852,769
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.089'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B05.200'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380.360'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.728'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G05.360.840'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Renal sonography in the intensive care unit: when is it necessary?
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of renal sonography performed in intensive care units on patients with the diagnosis of acute or acute-on-chronic renal failure.METHODS: We reviewed all renal sonograms performed in our institution during 1 year on critically ill patients for evaluation of renal failure. Renal failure was defined as a serum creatinine level greater than 1.5 mg/dL or an increase of greater than 20% from the baseline creatinine level. Exclusion criteria included patient age younger than 18 years and signs or symptoms of obstructive uropathy. Using the electronic medical record, we recorded patient age, sex, blood urea nitrogen level, serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio, and clinical indication for intensive care unit admission. Sonographic reports were reviewed for the presence or absence of hydronephrosis. The total cost of these examinations was estimated with the use of Medicare reimbursement rates for 2000.RESULTS: One hundred five renal sonographic examinations were performed on 104 patients meeting all inclusion criteria. Only 1 study had positive results for hydronephrosis, which was graded as mild. Incidental findings not immediately affecting patient care and including ascites and simple renal cysts were identified in 91 patients. The estimated total cost of the examinations was $13,350.75.CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients with acute renal failure and no physical findings suggesting obstructive uropathy, renal sonography to evaluate for hydronephrosis is probably not indicated. This holds true regardless of patient age, sex, medical or surgical disposition, and blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Creatinine', 'Critical Illness', 'Female', 'Health Services Misuse', 'Humans', 'Hydronephrosis', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ultrasonography', 'United States']
| 12,008,814
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['N03.219.151'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['N02.421.380', 'N05.300.150.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.307', 'C13.351.968.419.307'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['A05.810.453'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of tiger-tail banding and hair shaft abnormalities in trichothiodystrophy.
|
BACKGROUND: Tiger tail banding under polarizing light microscopy and hair shaft abnormalities are associated with trichothiodystrophy (TTD), a rare disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations.OBJECTIVE: To characterize the frequency, specificity, and extent of tiger tail banding and hair shaft abnormalities in the spectrum of TTD patients.METHODS: We developed a standardized procedure for microscopic hair examination and studied hairs from 14 TTD and 4 xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)-TTD patients for tiger tail banding and hair shaft abnormalities. For comparison we examined hairs from 173 control donors consisting of 15 normals, 13 XP patients, 11 family members of XP or TTD patients, 101 patients with various cornification disorders, and 33 leukodystrophy patients. Amino acid analysis performed on hair from the TTD and XP-TTD patients showed low sulfur content.RESULTS: Using a rotating microscope stage, all hairs in each TTD sample showed tiger tail banding under polarized light in association with a variety of hair shaft abnormalities (trichoschisis, trichorrhexis nodosa-like defects, surface irregularities, and ribboning). None of the control hairs showed tiger tail banding, and 5 of 173 controls had weathering hair shaft abnormalities.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with clinical features suggestive of TTD, tiger tail banding seen in all hairs with polarizing microscopy, in conjunction with certain hair shaft abnormalities, provides a reliable diagnostic test.
|
['Cystine', 'DNA Repair', 'Darier Disease', 'Ectodermal Dysplasia', 'Hair', 'Hair Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic', 'Ichthyosis', 'Microscopy, Polarization', 'Photosensitivity Disorders', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sulfur', 'Syndrome', 'Xeroderma Pigmentosum']
| 15,692,466
|
[['D01.248.497.158.874.390.369', 'D01.875.350.850.150.369', 'D02.886.030.230.369', 'D02.886.520.150.087', 'D12.125.095.369', 'D12.125.119.369', 'D12.125.166.230.369'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['C16.320.850.190', 'C17.800.428.275', 'C17.800.827.190'], ['C16.131.077.350', 'C16.131.831.350', 'C16.320.850.250', 'C17.800.804.350', 'C17.800.827.250'], ['A17.360'], ['C17.800.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.131.831.512.400.375', 'C16.320.850.400.375', 'C16.614.492.400.375', 'C17.800.428.333.250.375', 'C17.800.804.512.400.375', 'C17.800.827.400.375'], ['C16.131.831.512', 'C16.614.492', 'C17.800.428.333', 'C17.800.804.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.624', 'E05.595.624'], ['C17.800.600'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D01.268.185.900'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C04.834.867', 'C16.131.831.936', 'C16.320.850.970', 'C17.800.600.925', 'C17.800.621.936', 'C17.800.804.936', 'C17.800.827.970', 'C18.452.284.975']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of couple-stress moduli of vertebral trabecular bone based on the 3D internal architectures.
|
The purpose of this paper is to develop a homogeneous, orthotropic couple-stress continuum model as a substitute of the 3D periodic heterogeneous cellular solid model of vertebral trabecular bone. Vertebral trabecular bone is modeled as a porous material with an idealized periodic structure made of 3D open cubic cells, which is effectively orthotropic. The chosen architecture is based on studies of samples taken from the central part of vertebral bodies. The effective properties are obtained based on the response of the representative volume element under prescribed boundary conditions. Mixed boundary conditions comprising both traction and displacement boundary conditions are applied on the structure boundaries. In this contribution, the effective mechanical constants of the effective couple-stress continuum are deduced by an equivalent strain energy method. The characteristic lengths for bending and torsion are identified from the resulting homogenized orthotropic moduli. We conduct this study computationally using a finite element approach. Vertebral trabecular bone is modeled either as a cellular solid or as a two-phase material consisting of bone tissue (stiff phase) forming a trabecular network, and a surrounding soft tissue referring to the bone marrow present in the pores. Both the bone tissue forming the network and the pores are assumed to be homogeneous linear elastic, and isotropic media. The scale effects on the predicted couple stress moduli of these networks are investigated by varying the size of the bone specimens over which the boundary conditions are applied. The analysis using mixed boundary conditions gives results that are independent of unit cell size when computing the first couple stress tensor, while it is dependent on the cell size as to the second couple stress tensor moduli. This study provides overall guidance on how the size of the trabecular specimen influence couple stresses elastic moduli of cellular materials, with focus on bones. The developed approach is quite general and applicable to any heterogeneous cellular and composite materials.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Marrow', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Biological', 'Spine', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 26,232,945
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A15.382.216'], ['E05.355'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in otolaryngology.
|
IMPORTANCE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes significant morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Despite strong evidence that thromboprophylaxis reduces the incidence VTE, guidelines for prophylaxis in otolaryngology are not well established. Key to the development of VTE prophylaxis recommendations are effective VTE risk stratification and evaluation of the benefits and harms of prophylaxis.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of VTE chemoprophylaxis among a population of otolaryngology patients stratified by risk.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study of 3498 adult patients admitted for otolaryngologic surgery at a single-institution academic tertiary care medical center between September 1, 2003, and June 30, 2010.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on whether they received VTE chemoprophylaxis.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incidence of VTE and bleeding-related complications within 30 days after surgery.RESULTS: Of 1482 patients receiving VTE chemoprophylaxis, 18 (1.2%) developed a VTE compared with 27 of 2016 patients (1.3%) who did not receive prophylaxis (P = .75). Patients with Caprini VTE risk scores greater than 7 were less likely to have a VTE with perioperative chemoprophylaxis (5.3% vs 10.4%; P = .06). Of patients with VTE chemoprophylaxis, 3.5% developed a bleeding complication compared with 1.2% of patients without prophylaxis (P < .001). Bleeding complications were associated with concomitant use of antiplatelet medications and chemoprophylaxis. Among patients undergoing free tissue transfer, chemoprophylaxis significantly decreased the incidence of VTE (2.1% vs 7.7%; P = .002) and increased bleeding complications (11.9% vs 4.5%; P = .01). In all other patients, VTE chemoprophylaxis did not significantly influence the likelihood of VTE (1.0% vs 0.6%; P = .12) or bleeding (1.5% vs 0.9%; P = .15).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Effectiveness and safety of VTE chemoprophylaxis differed between patient subgroups, defined by Caprini risk score and by procedure. Effectiveness was most evident in patients with high Caprini risk scores and microvascular free tissue reconstruction. Bleeding complications were associated with VTE chemoprophylaxis administered in close proximity to potent antiplatelet therapy. The Caprini risk assessment model appears to be an effective tool to stratify otolaryngology patients by risk for VTE. Patients undergoing free tissue reconstruction merit further study before developing recommendations for VTE prophylaxis because of their higher risk of both VTE and bleeding.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Enoxaparin', 'Fondaparinux', 'Free Tissue Flaps', 'Hemorrhage', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Otolaryngology', 'Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures', 'Polysaccharides', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 25,275,427
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.200'], ['D09.698.629.429'], ['A10.850.710.500', 'E07.862.710.500'], ['C23.550.414'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['H02.403.810.526'], ['E04.580'], ['D09.698'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
When music is salty: The crossmodal associations between sound and taste.
|
Here we investigate associations between complex auditory and complex taste stimuli. A novel piece of music was composed and recorded in four different styles of musical articulation to reflect the four basic tastes groups (sweet, sour, salty, bitter). In Experiment 1, participants performed above chance at pairing the music clips with corresponding taste words. Experiment 2 uses multidimensional scaling to interpret how participants categorize these musical stimuli, and to show that auditory categories can be organized in a similar manner as taste categories. Experiment 3 introduces four different flavors of custom-made chocolate ganache and shows that participants can match music clips with the corresponding taste stimuli with above-chance accuracy. Experiment 4 demonstrates the partial role of pleasantness in crossmodal mappings between sound and taste. The present findings confirm that individuals are able to make crossmodal associations between complex auditory and gustatory stimuli, and that valence may mediate multisensory integration in the general population.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Music', 'Pattern Recognition, Physiological', 'Pleasure', 'Sound', 'Taste', 'Taste Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 28,355,227
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.602'], ['F02.463.593.524'], ['F01.470.867', 'F02.830.816.492'], ['G01.750.770.776'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['F02.463.593.817'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Continuous somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in the NICU.
|
Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) of head-injured patients is a frequent and interesting topic in the neuroscience nursing arena. Often, however, nursing involvement in the recording of somatosensory evoked potentials has been limited to observing the once a week procedure and documenting patient outcome. Active nursing involvement and input in this fast moving area of research has been developed in a large midwestern neuroscience center where nurses in the NICU are responsible for the continuous monitoring (24 hours a day) of somatosensory evoked potentials of the brain-injured patient. These nurses are accountable for an accurate clinical assessment of the patient, placement and upkeep of the monitoring equipment, and evaluation of the waveform for abnormalities. The purpose and physiology of the monitoring process and the aspects of nursing care will be discussed in this article.
|
['Brain Injuries', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Monitoring, Physiologic']
| 3,849,566
|
[['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E01.370.520']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Importance of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 in hypothalamic glucose sensitivity in rats.
|
AIMS: Hypothalamic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS)-mediated signaling has been recently shown to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the upstream signals that control this mechanism have not yet been determined. Here, we hypothesize that glucose-induced mitochondrial fission plays a significant role in mROS-dependent hypothalamic glucose sensing.RESULTS: Glucose-triggered translocation of the fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) to mitochondria was first investigated in vivo in hypothalamus. Thus, we show that intracarotid glucose injection induces the recruitment of DRP1 to VMH mitochondria in vivo. Then, expression was transiently knocked down by intra-ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) DRP1 siRNA (siDRP1) injection. 72 h post siRNA injection, brain intracarotid glucose induced insulin secretion, and VMH glucose infusion-induced refeeding decrease were measured, as well as mROS production. The SiDRP1 rats decreased mROS and impaired intracarotid glucose injection-induced insulin secretion. In addition, the VMH glucose infusion-induced refeeding decrease was lost in siDRP1 rats. Finally, mitochondrial function was evaluated by oxygen consumption measurements after DRP1 knock down. Although hypothalamic mitochondrial respiration was not modified in the resting state, substrate-driven respiration was impaired in siDRP1 rats and associated with an alteration of the coupling mechanism.INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results suggest that glucose-induced DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission is an upstream regulator for mROS signaling, and consequently, a key mechanism in hypothalamic glucose sensing. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrate the involvement of DRP1 in physiological regulation of brain glucose-induced insulin secretion and food intake inhibition. Such involvement implies DRP1-dependent mROS production.
|
['Animals', 'Appetite Regulation', 'Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus', 'Dynamins', 'Energy-Generating Resources', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Glucose', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Membranes', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Protein Transport', 'RNA Interference', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus']
| 22,229,526
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.170', 'G07.203.650.390.070.290', 'G10.261.390.070.290'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.352.081', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.081'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.200', 'D12.776.220.600.450.200', 'D12.776.543.990.400'], ['N06.230.132'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A11.284.149.450.349', 'A11.284.835.514.349'], ['G03.680'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.352.953', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Exploring the effects of seasonality and chemical pollution on the hepatopancreas transcriptome of the Manila clam.
|
The assessment of marine environmental health is a complex but fundamental task both for ecosystem conservation and food safety related to the human consumption of marine products. Manila clams inhabiting the Venice Lagoon constitute an excellent case study for evaluating the effects of complex mixtures of industrial and urban effluents on aquatic organisms. Clams were collected in different seasons at four locations within the Venice Lagoon. The sampling sites were characterized by a range of pollutant concentrations and included Porto Marghera, a highly polluted industrial area where clam harvesting for human consumption is strictly forbidden. Pooled soft tissues were subjected to mass spectroscopy analysis to measure the concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs-DL, PCBs, PBDEs, HCB and PAHs, and pooled digestive gland samples were used for gene expression profiling. While seasonal variation was found to be responsible for the largest proportion of transcriptional changes, significance analysis of microarrays quantitative correlation analysis identified 162 transcripts that were correlated with at least one class of chemicals measured in the samples from the four different sampling sites. Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (PAM) identified a minimal set of seven genes that correctly assigned samples collected in the restricted polluted area (Porto Marghera), independent of the season in which they were collected. An integrated approach combining transcriptomics and chemical analyses of the Manila clam provided a global picture of how Manila clams respond to complex mixtures of xenobiotics and their interplay with other biotic and abiotic factors. We were also able to identify gene expression signatures for different classes of chemicals and a set of robust biomarkers of exposure to these chemicals.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Ecosystem', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hazardous Substances', 'Hepatopancreas', 'Humans', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Seasons', 'Water Pollution, Chemical']
| 23,480,613
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['D27.888.426'], ['A13.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['N06.850.460.790.410']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluating fetal head dimension changes during labor using open magnetic resonance imaging.
|
AIM: Fetal skull molding is important for the adaptation of the head to the birth canal during vaginal delivery. Importantly, the fetal head must rotate around the maternal symphysis pubis. The goals of this analysis were to observe a human birth in real-time using an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and describe the fetal head configuration during expulsion.METHODS: Real-time cinematic MRI series (TSE single-shot sequence, TR 1600 ms, TE 150 ms) were acquired from the midsagittal plane of the maternal pelvis during the active second stage of labor at 37 weeks of gestation. Frame-by-frame analyses were performed to measure the frontooccipital diameter (FOD) and distance from the vertex to the base of the fetal skull.RESULTS: During vaginal delivery in an occiput anterior position, the initial FOD was 10.3 cm. When expulsion began, the fetal skull was deformed and elongated, with the FOD increasing to 10.8 cm and 11.2 cm at crowning. In contrast, the distance from the vertex to the base of the skull was reduced from 6.4 cm to 5.6 cm at expulsion.CONCLUSIONS: Fetal head molding is the change in the fetal head due to the forces of labor. The biomechanics of this process are poorly understood. Our visualization of the normal mechanism of late second-stage labor shows that MRI technology can for the first time help define the changes in the diameters of the fetal head during active labor.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Computer Systems', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor Presentation', 'Labor Stage, Second', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Young Adult']
| 27,219,097
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['L01.224.230'], ['A16.378'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.520', 'G08.686.784.769.326.520'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.500.090'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Patient perceptions on mesh use in hernia repair: A prospective, questionnaire-based study.
|
BACKGROUND: There has been increasing media coverage regarding the controversy of using mesh in various operations. At this time, there are no published studies evaluating the potential influence of this controversy on patients' perceptions. Therefore, our study aimed to assess patient perceptions of hernia repair surgery with mesh as well as factors that may influence patient opinions.METHODS: A 16-item questionnaire evaluated each patient's perceptions of the use of mesh in their upcoming hernia repair. The primary outcomes of interest were their level of comfort regarding the possibility of hernia repair surgery with mesh, aversion to hernia surgery with mesh, and positive belief that mesh is a safe product in hernia repair surgery.RESULTS: We included 100 patients presenting for a hernia repair and 100 patients presenting for other operations. Both groups identified the media as their most common influence (37% and 40%, respectively). Factors leading to a high level of comfort regarding the possibility of mesh repair included believing mesh was a safe product (P < .001) and hearing about the advantages of mesh (P = .012) from medical professionals (P = .001). Factors leading to a positive belief that mesh was a safe product included the male sex (P = .015), a high socioeconomic standing (P = .006), and their own personal experience (P = .013). Factors leading to aversion to mesh use included the female sex (P = .006) and hearing about meshes causing mesh-related (P = .028) and wound-related complications (P = .025) as well as chronic pain (.008).CONCLUSION: Despite the high penetration of non-medical information in the population before presentation for medical care, most patients overall do not seem to be opposed to the concept of the use of mesh in a hernia repair, but there are certain factors associated with aversion to the use of mesh that physicians should acknowledge and should address this potential issue.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Herniorrhaphy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perception', 'Prospective Studies', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 32,061,401
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.680.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E07.858.708'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inside the courtroom: An analysis of malpractice litigation in gallbladder surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations in the United States, yet it still carries up to a 6% risk of major morbidity. Lawsuits are a major source of emotional, financial, and personal stress for surgeons. We sought to characterize malpractice claims associated with gallbladder surgery as well as define contributing factors and costs with these claims.METHODS: The Westlaw database (Thomson Reuters Corporation, Toronto, Canada) was queried for jury verdicts and settlements related to cholecystectomy and malpractice between 2000 and 2018. Data were abstracted from the case files and details of the settlements, jury verdicts, and factors related to the claims were assessed.RESULTS: Among 231 cases, a plaintiff verdict was reached in 45 (19.5%) and a defendant verdict was reached in 122 (53%); other cases were either settled (n = 29, 12%), dismissed (n = 31, 13%), or denied (n = 4, 2%). Plaintiff cases often involved young (median age, 44 years [interquartile range: 35-57]) female (n = 146, 63%) patients. The attending surgeon accounted for 59% of defendants. Procedural error (49%), wrongful death (18%), or failure to treat in a timely manner (13%) were the most commonly cited reasons for litigation. Among the 134 cases where a second surgical procedure was performed, the most common types of procedures were biliary tract repair (n = 82, 61%) and bowel repair (n = 16, 12%). The total cost of the claims over the study period was $22 million with a median payout of $500,000; the median time from operative event to final disposition was over 5 years (interquartile range: 4-7).CONCLUSION: A plaintiff verdict or settlement was reached in 1 in 3 cases, and large payouts were common. Minimizing procedural error and improving care of patients after cholecystectomy complications should be emphasized.
|
['Adult', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malpractice', 'Medical Errors', 'Middle Aged']
| 32,439,206
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.583.524', 'N03.706.535.606'], ['N02.421.450'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exploring the repetition bias in voluntary task switching.
|
In the voluntary task-switching paradigm, participants are required to randomly select tasks. We reasoned that the consistent finding of a repetition bias (i.e., participants repeat tasks more often than expected by chance) reflects reasonable adaptive task selection behavior to balance the goal of random task selection with the goals to minimize the time and effort for task performance. We conducted two experiments in which participants were provided with variable amount of preview for the non-chosen task stimuli (i.e., potential switch stimuli). We assumed that switch stimuli would initiate some pre-processing resulting in improved performance in switch trials. Results showed that reduced switch costs due to extra-preview in advance of each trial were accompanied by more task switches. This finding is in line with the characteristics of rational adaptive behavior. However, participants were not biased to switch tasks more often than chance despite large switch benefits. We suggest that participants might avoid effortful additional control processes that modulate the effects of preview on task performance and task choice.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Choice Behavior', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Multitasking Behavior', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 28,871,331
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F01.145.666'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Resilience criteria and factors associated with resilience in sexually abused girls.
|
Alternative measures of resilience and correlates of resilience were examined in a sample of 43 sexually abused girls who were assessed using a self-administered interview at the time of intake for psychotherapy. Results indicated relatively high levels of disagreement as to which girls were resilient using maintenance of social competence and absence of clinical levels of symptomatology as alternative criteria. Most girls that had maintained age-normative levels of social competence were, nonetheless, manifesting clinically significant levels of symptoms. A warm and supportive relationship with a nonoffending parent was a strong correlate of resilience, regardless of which criteria was used. Lower levels of abuse related stress, fewer negative cognitive appraisals of the abusive relationship, and less reliance on aggressive coping behaviors were also significant predictors of resilience based on the absence of clinical levels of symptomatology. However, parental support and level of abuse stress were the only two variables to enter a logistic regression model predicting resilience. The research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child Abuse, Sexual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Development', 'Psychotherapy', 'Social Support', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 8,528,822
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.748.300', 'I01.198.240.856.350.250.255', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F04.513'], ['F01.752.747'], ['F04.754'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
EBV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in a pediatric renal transplant recipient.
|
A 7-year-old boy had undergone kidney transplantation for chronic renal failure secondary to bilateral renal hypoplasia. He developed acute and chronic rejection and received immunosuppressive therapy. A year later he died with EBV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. The main pathologic findings disclosed visceral (lung and stomach) and abdominal lymph node involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma and EBV-positive immunoblasts in several organs. In the lungs and lymph nodes these had the features of polymorphous lymphoimmunoblastic lesions. Because of the peculiar distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions a pathogenetic hypothesis is proposed based on the site of entry of the virus. This case contributes to expanding the relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma and kidney transplantation in the pediatric population.
|
['Child', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppression', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Sarcoma, Kaposi', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tumor Virus Infections']
| 7,808,984
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['C15.604.250.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C01.925.256.466.860', 'C04.557.450.795.850', 'C04.557.645.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C01.925.928']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rhodococcus equi and Nocardia brasiliensis infection of the brain and liver in a patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
|
Resolution of neutropenia is usually followed by resolution of fever in patients with febrile neutropenia. However, in some cases fever continues even when the patient is no longer neutropenic. Described here is a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia complicated by brain abscess, pulmonary nodules, and hepatic lesions. The patient's fever had continued after the neutropenia resolved; brain and hepatic cultures grew Rhodococcus equi and Nocardia brasiliensis. Although Rhodococcus infections occur frequently in patients with HIV infection, they are uncommon in patients with acute leukemia.
|
['Actinomycetales Infections', 'Adult', 'Brain Abscess', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Liver Diseases', 'Nocardia', 'Nocardia Infections', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Rhodococcus equi']
| 9,865,991
|
[['C01.150.252.410.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.207.090', 'C01.830.025.160', 'C10.228.140.116', 'C10.228.228.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['C06.552'], ['B03.510.024.981.550'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.692'], ['C01.597', 'C01.610.684', 'C01.925.597'], ['B03.510.024.981.775.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tripartite containing motif 32 modulates proliferation of human neural precursor cells in HIV-1 neurodegeneration.
|
In addition to glial cells, HIV-1 infection occurs in multipotent human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and induces quiescence in NPCs. HIV-1 infection of the brain alters hNPC stemness, leading to perturbed endogenous neurorestoration of the CNS following brain damage by HIV-1, compounding the severity of dementia in adult neuroAIDS cases. In pediatric neuroAIDS cases, HIV-1 infection of neural stem cell can lead to delayed developmental milestones and impaired cognition. Using primary cultures of human fetal brain-derived hNPCs, we gained novel insights into the role of a neural stem cell determinant, tripartite containing motif 32 (TRIM32), in HIV-1 Tat-induced quiescence of NPCs. Acute HIV-1 Tat treatment of hNPCs resulted in proliferation arrest but did not induce differentiation. Cellular localization and levels of TRIM32 are critical regulators of stemness of NPCs. HIV-1 Tat exposure increased nuclear localization and levels of TRIM32 in hNPCs. The in vitro findings were validated by studying TRIM32 localization and levels in frontal cortex of HIV-1-seropositive adult patients collected at post mortem as well as by infection of hNPCs by HIV-1. We observed increased percentage of cells with nuclear localization of TRIM32 in the subventricular zone (SVZ) as compared with age-matched controls. Our quest for probing into the mechanisms revealed that TRIM32 is targeted by miR-155 as downregulation of miR-155 by HIV-1 Tat resulted in upregulation of TRIM32 levels. Furthermore, miR-155 or siRNA against TRIM32 rescued HIV-1 Tat-induced quiescence in NPCs. Our findings suggest a novel molecular cascade involving miR-155 and TRIM32 leading to HIV-1 Tat-induced attenuated proliferation of hNPCs. The study also uncovered an unidentified role for miR-155 in modulating human neural stem cell proliferation, helping in better understanding of hNPCs and diseased brain.
|
['Adult', 'Cell Proliferation', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Transcription Factors', 'Tripartite Motif Proteins', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 26,586,575
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A11.872.653'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.934'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['D12.776.260.755.199.500', 'D12.776.930.900.199.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.773', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750.500', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular calcium and myosin isoform transitions. Calcineurin and calcium-calmodulin kinase pathways regulate preferential activation of the IIa myosin heavy chain promoter.
|
Intracellular calcium levels can have profound effects on muscle biology via alterations in gene expression. In particular, intracellular calcium levels increase during muscle activation and are thought to underlie fast-to-slow shifts in muscle gene expression. In the present work, we determined that increased intracellular calcium has a significant effect on the activity of the adult fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) promoters in the order of MyHC IIa>> IId/x > IIb. We have identified the pathways by which the calcium signal mediates increased activation of the MyHC IIa promoter. Inhibition of calcineurin or calcium-calmodulin kinase greatly attenuates ionophore-induced activation of the MyHC IIa promoter, whereas protein kinase C inhibitors have no effect. Inhibition and overexpression studies with members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family reveal roles for MEK1/MEK2 and MEKK1, but not p38 or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Downstream mediators of these effects are the activities of the MEF-2 and NFAT transcription factors, whose binding sites in the MyHC IIa promoter are required for calcium-induced activation of the MyHC IIa promoter.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcimycin', 'Calcineurin', 'Calcineurin Inhibitors', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Ionophores', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Myosin Heavy Chains', 'NFATC Transcription Factors', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Transcription Factors']
| 12,235,157
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.150', 'D12.644.360.087', 'D12.776.476.087'], ['D27.505.519.389.174'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.562.374', 'D27.720.395'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D05.750.078.730.475.100', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750.249', 'D12.776.210.500.600.100', 'D12.776.220.525.475.100'], ['D12.776.930.608'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aqueous humour levels of cytokines are correlated to vitreous levels and severity of macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion.
|
AIM: To investigate whether the aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are correlated to the vitreous levels of these substances and to the severity of macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).METHODS: Aqueous and vitreous samples were obtained during cataract and vitreous surgery from 24 patients (24 eyes) with macular oedema in BRVO. The VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humour, vitreous fluid, and plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degree of retinal ischaemia was evaluated in terms of the area of capillary nonperfusion using the Scion Image. The severity of macular oedema was evaluated using the OCT.RESULTS: The aqueous level of VEGF was significantly correlated with the vitreous level of VEGF (P<0.0001). Vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 were significantly correlated with the nonperfusion area of BRVO (P<0.0001, P=0.0061, respectively), as were the aqueous levels of VEGF and IL-6 (P<0.0001, P=0.0267, respectively). Furthermore, the vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 and the aqueous level of VEGF were significantly correlated with the severity of macular oedema of BRVO (P=0.0001, P=0.0331, P=0.0272, respectively).CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the aqueous level of VEGF may reflect its vitreous level. Measurement of the aqueous level of VEGF may be clinically useful to indicate the severity of macular oedema with BRVO.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Biomarkers', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Macular Edema', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vitreous Body']
| 16,826,241
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A09.371.060.067.070', 'A12.207.270.040'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C11.768.585.439.245'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of exon-deleted progesterone receptor mRNAs in human uterine endometrial cancers.
|
We demonstrated the expression of various exon-deleted progesterone receptor (PR) variant mRNAs in human uterine endometrial cancers using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-DNA sequencing analyses. In addition to PR wild-type mRNA, exon 4-deleted, exon 6-deleted, exon 3,4-deleted, exon 5,6-deleted, exon 4,5,6-deleted and exon 3,4,5,6-deleted PR variant mRNAs were identified. The exon 6-deleted and exon 5,6-deleted PR variant mRNAs lacked encoding for the steroid-binding domain. The exon 4-deleted, exon 3,4-deleted, exon 4,5,6-deleted and exon 3,4,5,6-deleted PR variant mRNAs lacked encoding for the DNA-binding domain in addition to encoding for the steroid-binding domain. While the exon 4-deleted, exon 6-deleted and exon 3,4-deleted PR variant mRNAs were observed in all samples analyzed, the exon 5,6-deleted, exon 4,5,6-deleted and/or exon 3,4,5,6-deleted PR variant mRNAs could not be detected in some cases, especially in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma as compared with well-differentiated and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. The present study demonstrates the coexpression of PR exon-deleted variant mRNAs with the wild-type in uterine endometrial cancers. All translated variant proteins might possess functional diversity and might modify the progestational action of wild-type PR, and the expression of some PR variant mRNAs may be lost as endometrial cancer cells undergo dedifferentiation.
|
['Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 10,644,942
|
[['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.615'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A twelve-analyzer detector system for high-resolution powder diffraction.
|
A dedicated high-resolution high-throughput X-ray powder diffraction beamline has been constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In order to achieve the goals of both high resolution and high throughput in a powder instrument, a multi-analyzer detector system is required. The design and performance of the 12-analyzer detector system installed on the powder diffractometer at the 11-BM beamline of APS are presented.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Powder Diffraction', 'Synchrotrons', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 18,728,312
|
[['E05.320'], ['E05.196.309.711'], ['E07.710.680.700'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Familial distal arthrogryposis type I.
|
Distal arthrogryposis type I is defined by congenital joint contractures of hands and feet and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The hands are most frequently involved than the feet, 98% and 88% of the cases, respectively. The authors report a family with five patients affected over four generations. This family demonstrates the marked intra-familial variability in expression of this condition. Inter-familial variability is also typical of distal arthrogryposis type I.
|
['Arthrogryposis', 'Child', 'Foot Deformities, Congenital', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Hand Deformities, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Radiography']
| 8,766,137
|
[['C05.550.150', 'C05.651.102', 'C05.660.077', 'C16.131.621.077'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C05.330.495', 'C05.660.585.512.380', 'C16.131.621.585.512.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['C05.390.408', 'C05.660.585.988.425', 'C16.131.621.585.988.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Superabsorbent crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose-PEG hydrogels for potential wound dressing applications.
|
This study focused on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of environmentally friendly hydrogel membranes based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for wound dressing and skin repair substitutes. These new CMC hydrogels were prepared with two degrees of functionalization (DS=0.77 and 1.22) and chemically crosslinked with citric acid (CA) for tuning their properties. Additionally, CMC-based hybrids were prepared by blending with polyethylene glycol (PEG, 10wt.%). The results demonstrated that superabsorbent hydrogels (SAP) were produced with swelling degree typically ranging from 100% to 5000%, which was significantly dependent on the concentration of CA crosslinker and the addition of PEG as network modifier. The spectroscopical characterizations indicated that the mechanism of CA crosslinking was mostly associated with the chemical reaction with CMC hydroxyl groups and that PEG played an important role on the formation of a hybrid polymeric network. These hydrogels presented very distinct morphological features depended on the degree of crosslinking and the surface nanomechanical properties (e.g., elastic moduli) were drastically affected (from approximately 0.08GPa to 2.0GPa) due to the formation of CMC-PEG hybrid nanostructures. These CMC-based hydrogels were cytocompatible considering the in vitro cell viability responses of over 95% towards human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) used as model cell line.
|
['Bandages', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrogels', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Wound Healing']
| 28,851,645
|
[['E07.101'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D09.698.365.180.663.329'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subdural pressure measurement during posterior fossa surgery. Correlation studies of brain swelling/herniation after dural incision with measurement of subdural pressure and tactile estimation of dural tension.
|
Thirty-two patients with posterior fossa tumours or arteriovenous malformations were subjected to elective craniotomy in the prone position. The intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured by a subdural approach in the open area of the exposed dura. Estimation of dural tension before dural incision and the degree of brain swelling/herniation after opening the dura were correlated with the subdural pressure measured with intact dura. The results indicate that at ICP < 10 mmHg, brain swelling/herniation rarely occurred, while at ICP > or = 10 mmHg some degree of brain swelling/herniation was always present. The neurosurgeon's tactile estimation of dural tension correlated poorly with any tendency to brain swelling/herniation. It is concluded that measurement of subdural pressure is a better predictor of the risk of brain swelling/herniation than the tactile estimation of dural tension during posterior fossa surgery.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Craniotomy', 'Encephalocele', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Intracranial Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skull Neoplasms']
| 10,627,773
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['E04.525.190'], ['C10.500.680.488', 'C16.131.666.680.488', 'C23.300.707.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.520', 'C10.500.190.500', 'C14.240.850.750.295', 'C14.240.850.875.500', 'C14.907.150.295', 'C14.907.253.560.400', 'C16.131.240.850.750.295', 'C16.131.240.850.875.500', 'C16.131.666.190.500'], ['G11.561.170.505'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.149.721', 'C05.116.231.754']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Immunocytochemical localization and ontogenic development of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, barfin flounder.
|
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a pituitary hormone derived by post-translational processing from proopiomelanocortin and is involved in background adaptation in teleost fish. It has also been reported to suppress food intake in mammals. Here, we examined the immunocytochemical localization of alpha-MSH in the brain and pituitary of a pleuronectiform fish, the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri), as a first step in unraveling the possible function of alpha-MSH in the brain. The ontogenic development of the alpha-MSH system was also studied. In the pituitary, alpha-MSH-immunoreactive (ir) cells were preferentially detected in the pars intermedia. In the brain, alpha-MSH-ir neuronal somata were located in the nucleus tuberis lateralis of the basal hypothalamus, and alpha-MSH-ir fibers were located mainly in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, and midbrain. Alpha-MSH-ir neuronal somata did not project their axons to the pituitary. The alpha-MSH-ir neurons differed from those immunoreactive to melanin-concentrating hormone. Alpha-MSH cells in the pituitary and alpha-MSH-ir neuronal somata in the brain were first detected 1 day and 5 days after hatching, respectively. The distribution of alpha-MSH-ir cells, neuronal somata, and fibers showed a pattern similar to that in adult fish 30 days after hatching. These results indicate that the functions of alpha-MSH in the brain and pituitary are different and that alpha-MSH plays physiological roles in the early development of the barfin flounder.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Flounder', 'Hypothalamic Hormones', 'Hypothalamus', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Melanins', 'Mesencephalon', 'Neurons', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Pituitary Hormones', 'Telencephalon', 'alpha-MSH']
| 15,726,422
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.418.438'], ['D06.472.699.327', 'D12.644.400.400', 'D12.644.548.365', 'D12.776.631.650.405'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D06.472.699.631', 'D12.644.548.691'], ['A08.186.211.200.885'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.179', 'D06.472.699.327.935.531.750.050', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.179', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.400.935.179', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.460.050', 'D12.644.548.365.935.179', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.179', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.179', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.460.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of GABA(A) receptors in the accessory olfactory bulb does not prevent the formation of an olfactory memory in mice.
|
When female mice are mated, they form a memory to the pheromonal signal of their male partner. The neural mechanisms underlying this memory involve changes at the reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses between glutamatergic mitral cells and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic granule cells in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Blockade of GABA(A) receptors in the AOB leads to the formation of an olfactory memory. In an attempt to disrupt memory formation at mating, we used local infusions of the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol into the AOB during the critical period for memory formation. Muscimol across a wide range of doses (1-1000 pmol) did not prevent memory formation. The resistance of this memory to GABA(A) receptor activation may reflect the complexity of synaptic microcircuits in the AOB.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'GABA Agonists', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Muscimol', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Sex Attractants']
| 11,503,910
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.200', 'D27.505.696.577.240.200'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['D03.383.129.462.470', 'D23.946.587.587'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['D23.641.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tuning mitochondrial structure and function to criticality by fluctuation-driven mechanotransduction.
|
Cells in vascular walls are exposed to blood pressure variability (BPV)-induced cycle-by-cycle fluctuations in mechanical forces which vary considerably with pathology. For example, BPV is elevated in hypertension but reduced under anesthesia. We hypothesized that the extent of mechanical fluctuations applied to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) regulates mitochondrial network structure near the percolation transition, which also influences ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We stretched VSMCs in culture with cycle-by-cycle variability in area strain ranging from no variability (0%), as in standard laboratory conditions, through abnormally small (6%) and physiological (25%) to pathologically high (50%) variability mimicking hypertension, superimposed on 0.1 mean area strain. To explore how oxidative stress and ATP-dependent metabolism affect mitochondria, experiments were repeated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and AMP-PNP, an ATP analog and competitive inhibitor of ATPases. Physiological 25% variability maintained activated mitochondrial cluster structure at percolation with a power law distribution and exponent matching the theoretical value in 2 dimensions. The 25% variability also maximized ATP and minimized cellular and mitochondrial ROS production via selective control of fission and fusion proteins (mitofusins, OPA1 and DRP1) as well as through stretch-sensitive regulation of the ATP synthase and VDAC1, the channel that releases ATP into the cytosol. Furthermore, pathologically low or high variability moved mitochondria away from percolation which reduced the effectiveness of the electron transport chain by lowering ATP and increasing ROS productions. We conclude that normal BPV is required for maintaining optimal mitochondrial structure and function in VSMCs.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 31,941,960
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['G01.154.090.500', 'G02.111.820.580', 'G04.835.580'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D12.776.575'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rastelli type repair using Freestyle valved conduit for a 69-year-old woman with tetralogy of Fallot.
|
A 69-year-old woman visited our hospital with general fatigue and shortness of breath on effort as the chief complaints. She was diagnosed as having tetralogy of Fallot, using cardiac ultrasonography. The cardiac catheterization findings showed that right venticular hypertension was at 114/5 mmHg, which was parallel to the left ventricular pressure, and a pressure gradient of about 100 mmHg was observed between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Coronary artery angiography revealed that the left coronary artery was intact, but the right had an abnormal origin from the left valsalva sinus and was estimated at nearly equal to the single coronary. Therefore, we performed a Rastelli type operation with a valved conduit which we made using a composite Hemashield artificial graft (diameter 20 mm) and Freestyle valve (diameter 21 mm). The postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged with hemodynamic conditions mostly normalized.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Tetralogy of Fallot']
| 12,691,122
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C14.240.400.849', 'C14.280.400.849', 'C16.131.240.400.849']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
RANK signaling is not required for TNFalpha-mediated increase in CD11(hi) osteoclast precursors but is essential for mature osteoclast formation in TNFalpha-mediated inflammatory arthritis.
|
UNLABELLED: To address the controversy of whether TNFalpha can compensate for RANKL in osteoclastogenesis in vivo, we used a TNFalpha-induced animal model of inflammatory arthritis and blocked RANKL/RANK signaling. TNFalpha increased osteoclast precursors available for RANK-dependent osteoclastogenesis. RANK signaling is not required for the TNFalpha-stimulated increase in CD11b(hi) osteoclast precursors but is essential for mature osteoclast formation.INTRODUCTION: Although critical roles of TNFalpha in inflammatory arthritis and RANKL in bone resorption have been firmly established, a central controversy remains about the extent to which TNFalpha can compensate for RANKL during osteoclastogenesis and the stage at which RANK signaling is required for osteoclastogenesis. Here, we used the human TNFalpha transgenic mouse model (TNF-Tg) of erosive arthritis to determine if there are both RANK-dependent and -independent stages of osteoclastogenesis in TNFalpha-induced erosive arthritis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast precursor (OCP) frequency were analyzed using histology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and cell culture from (1) TNF-Tg mice treated with the RANKL antagonist, RANK:Fc, or (2) TNF-Tg X RANK -/- mice generated by crossing TNF-Tg mice with RANK-/- mice.RESULTS: Treatment of TNF-Tg mice, which have increased OCPs in their spleens, with RANK:Fc dramatically reduced osteoclast numbers on the surface of their arthritic joints and within their bones, but did not decrease CD11b(hi) OCP numbers in their spleens. Long-term RANK:Fc administration alleviated joint erosion. Furthermore, TNF-Tg x RANK -/- mice had severe osteopetrosis, no osteoclasts, and no joint erosion, but increased CD11b(hi) precursor numbers that failed to form mature osteoclasts in vitro.CONCLUSION: RANK signaling is essential for mature osteoclast formation in TNFalpha-mediated inflammatory arthritis but not for the TNFalpha-induced increase in CD11b(hi) OCP that subsequently can differentiate into osteoclasts in inflamed joints.
|
['Animals', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'CD11b Antigen', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Separation', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Osteoclasts', 'RANK Ligand', 'Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 14,969,390
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074.750', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.150', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.062', 'D23.050.301.350.074.049'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.345'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Distribution of macromolecular methylations in promastigotes of Leishmania donovani and impact of sinefungin.
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Sinefungin, an antifungal and antiparasitic nucleoside antibiotic, is a very potent antileishmanial agent both in vitro and in vivo. This molecule, structurally related to S-adenosylmethionine, is a good competitive inhibitor of methyltransferases in vitro. The aim of this report is to analyze the impact of sinefungin on methylation pattern and the subcellular localisation of methyl groups and various methylases in promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. We have shown the presence of various methylated macromolecules in different subcellular fractions, with somewhat higher concentration in membrane fraction. In vitro, sinefungin inhibits the three main protein methylases, but in cells cultured in its presence the protein carboxylmethylations are specifically inhibited.
|
['Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Methylation', 'Protein Methyltransferases', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'S-Adenosylmethionine', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 8,401,471
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.230'], ['D05'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D02.886.030.676.180', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.264', 'D12.125.166.676.180', 'D13.570.583.138.264', 'D13.570.800.096.264'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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General practice critical incident reviews of patient suicides: benefits, barriers, costs, and family participation.
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AIM: To explore the feasibility of holding critical incident reviews (CIRs) after patient suicides in general practice and their ability to change practice.METHODS: Thirteen practices were invited to conduct a facilitated CIR on 18 current patient suicides. Next of kin views were sought. All staff attending a CIR were interviewed after the review.RESULTS: Ten practices reviewed 12 deaths. Twenty six staff attended reviews; all were interviewed. Next of kin contributed to six reviews; only one criticised care. Changes following the reviews included steps to improve internal communication and bereavement support to set up internal CIRs and review prescribing policies. Communications between practices and other agencies were clarified.CONCLUSION: Practices were willing to hold CIRs and appreciated the potential positive value but need reassurance that they will not be blamed for suicides, and that the cost in time and resources will be recognised.
|
['Family', 'Family Practice', 'Humans', 'Patients', 'Peer Review, Health Care', 'Suicide']
| 15,691,999
|
[['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643'], ['F01.829.316.549.690', 'I01.880.604.640.690', 'N03.706.700.690', 'N04.761.616', 'N05.715.680'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Development of a patient-completed admission questionnaire and its comparison with the nursing interview.
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To compare the effectiveness of a patient-completed paper-and -pencil questionnaire with the nursing interview in obtaining the admission history, 30 patients newly admitted to a Veterans Administration hospital were asked to complete a questionnaire and were given the routine nursing interview. Data were compared for accuracy and nursing time required. The nurses made significantly more errors of omission in an unstructured interview than the patient made in completing the questionnaire (p greater than .001). The nurse spent an average of 11.5 minutes on her interview while the investigator used an average of 0.9 minute to explain the reason for the questionnaire to the patient and obtain his consent to its completion. Study findings are discussed as a means of providing an accurate, systematic, recorded data base for planning nursing care.
|
['California', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, Veterans', 'Humans', 'Medical History Taking', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nursing Records', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Patients', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 1,041,622
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421.510.180.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.510'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['E05.318.308.940.984', 'L01.399.250.900.984', 'N04.452.859.675', 'N05.715.360.300.715.550', 'N06.850.520.308.940.984'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['M01.643'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders.
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BACKGROUND: Family accommodation has been studied in obsessive compulsive disorder using the Family Accommodation Scale (FAS) and predicts greater symptom severity, more impairment, and poorer treatment outcomes. However, family accommodation has yet to be systematically studied among families of children with other anxiety disorders. We developed the Family Accommodation Scale-Anxiety (FASA) that includes modified questions from the FAS to study accommodation across childhood anxiety disorders. The objectives of this study were to report on the first study of family accommodation across childhood anxiety disorders and to test the utility of the FASA for assessing the phenomenon.METHODS: Participants were parents (n = 75) of anxious children from two anxiety disorder specialty clinics (n = 50) and a general outpatient clinic (n = 25). Measures included FASA, structured diagnostic interviews, and measures of anxiety and depression.RESULTS: Accommodation was highly prevalent across all anxiety disorders and particularly associated with separation anxiety. Most parents reported participation in symptoms and modification of family routines as well as distress resulting from accommodation and undesirable consequences of not accommodating. The FASA displayed good internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity. Accommodation correlated significantly with anxious but not depressive symptoms, when controlling for the association between anxiety and depression. Factor analysis of the FASA pointed to a two-factor solution; one relating to modifications, the other to participation in symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: Accommodation is common across childhood anxiety disorders and associated with severity of anxiety symptoms. The FASA shows promise as a means of assessing family accommodation in childhood anxiety disorders.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Anxiety, Separation', 'Child', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Family', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Social Behavior', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 22,965,863
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['F03.080'], ['F03.080.300', 'F03.625.047'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['N01.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.813'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The role of familial sinistrality in cerebral organization.
|
The literature on the relationship between familial sinistrality (FS) and laterality is conflicting. A large scale investigation employing multiple measures of laterality assessment and rigorous methods of handedness and FS determination was conducted with a normal population of left- and right-handers. The results failed to find a relationship between FS and hemispheric representation of speech despite the fact that a robust relationship was found between handedness and hemispheric speech specialization. Possible reasons for these null findings are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Dichotic Listening Tests', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Genetics, Behavioral', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Reading', 'Speech', 'Speech Perception']
| 4,000,457
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E01.370.382.375.200'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['F04.096.276', 'H01.158.273.343.290'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[An approach to the morphology of buccal armature of Sergentomyia nankingensis].
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the morphological variation of pointed teeth of buccal armature of Sergentomyia nankingensis in a supplementary study.METHODS: The morphology of Sergentomyia nankingensis was observed and the specimens included S. nankingensis captured from the field as well as the female ones bred in the laboratory and their offspring of first generation.RESULTS: The buccal armature of females and males, consists of about 10-19 and 8-15 pointed teeth and the pigmented plate is polymorphous. In the nature, the number of pointed teeth of buccal armature of Sergentomyia is unstable, varying in more than 10 teeth in the same species sometimes.CONCLUSION: Identification of species needs large amount of specimens for comparative observation. Sergentomyia sandfly should be raised separately and individually for morphological observation of its newly emerged offspring, especially when the sandfly specimens and data collected in the field were not sufficient.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Male', 'Psychodidae', 'Species Specificity', 'Tooth']
| 12,572,048
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.781'], ['G16.824'], ['A14.549.167.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Real-time measurement of solute transport within the lacunar-canalicular system of mechanically loaded bone: direct evidence for load-induced fluid flow.
|
Since proposed by Piekarski and Munro in 1977, load-induced fluid flow through the bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) has been accepted as critical for bone metabolism, mechanotransduction, and adaptation. However, direct unequivocal observation and quantification of load-induced fluid and solute convection through the LCS have been lacking due to technical difficulties. Using a novel experimental approach based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and synchronized mechanical loading and imaging, we successfully quantified the diffusive and convective transport of a small fluorescent tracer (sodium fluorescein, 376 Da) in the bone LCS of adult male C57BL/6J mice. We demonstrated that cyclic end-compression of the mouse tibia with a moderate loading magnitude (-3 N peak load or 400 µå surface strain at 0.5 Hz) and a 4-second rest/imaging window inserted between adjacent load cycles significantly enhanced (+31%) the transport of sodium fluorescein through the LCS compared with diffusion alone. Using an anatomically based three-compartment transport model, the peak canalicular fluid velocity in the loaded bone was predicted (60 µm/s), and the resulting peak shear stress at the osteocyte process membrane was estimated (?5 Pa). This study convincingly demonstrated the presence of load-induced convection in mechanically loaded bone. The combined experimental and mathematical approach presented herein represents an important advance in quantifying the microfluidic environment experienced by osteocytes in situ and provides a foundation for further studying the mechanisms by which mechanical stimulation modulates osteocytic cellular responses, which will inform basic bone biology, clinical understanding of osteoporosis and bone loss, and the rational engineering of their treatments.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Bone and Bones', 'Diffusion', 'Fluorescein', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Osteocytes', 'Osteoporosis', 'Pressure', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tibia']
| 20,715,178
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.390', 'D03.633.300.953.275.390', 'D04.711.347.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A11.329.629.500'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['G01.374.715'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microfluidic add-on for standard electrophysiology chambers.
|
We have developed a microfluidic brain slice device (microBSD) that marries an off-the shelf brain slice perfusion chamber with an array of microfluidic channels set into the bottom surface of the chamber substrate. As this device is created through rapid prototyping, once optimized, it is trivial to replicate and share the devices with other investigators. The device integrates seamlessly into standard physiology and imaging chambers and it is immediately available to the whole slice physiology community. With this technology we can address the flow of neurochemicals and any other soluble factors to precise locations in the brain slice with the temporal profile we choose. Dopamine (DA) was chosen as a model neurotransmitter and we have quantified delivery in brain tissue using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and fluorescence imaging.
|
['Brain', 'Dopamine', 'Electrophysiology', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,584,078
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['E05.588.465'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Monomeric insulins obtained by protein engineering and their medical implications.
|
The use of insulin as an injected therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes has been one of the outstanding successes of modern medicine. The therapy has, however, had its associated problems, not least because injection of insulin does not lead to normal diurnal concentrations of insulin in the blood. This is especially true at meal times when absorption from subcutaneous tissue is too slow to mimic the normal rapid increments of insulin in the blood. In the neutral solutions used for therapy, insulin is mostly assembled as zinc-containing hexamers and this self-association, which under normal physiological circumstances functions to facilitate proinsulin transport, conversion and intracellular storage, may limit the rate of absorption. We now report that it is possible, by single amino-acid substitutions, to make insulins which are essentially monomeric at pharmaceutical concentrations (0.6 mM) and which have largely preserved their biological activity. These monomeric insulins are absorbed two to three times faster after subcutaneous injection than the present rapid-acting insulins. They are therefore capable of giving diabetic patients a more physiological plasma insulin profile at the time of meal consumption.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Computer Graphics', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutation', 'Protein Conformation', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Swine']
| 3,287,182
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['E05.393.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D05'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
C-fos-deficient mouse hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons exhibit both enhanced basal and kainic acid-induced excitability.
|
Excitotoxicity is a process in which glutamate or other excitatory amino acids induce neuronal cell death. To address whether and how c-fos is involved in neuronal excitotoxicity, we previously generated mice in which the c-fos expression is eliminated specifically in the hippocampus. We found that these mutant mice exhibit increased kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure severity, increased neuronal excitability as measured by electroencephalogram, and increased neuronal cell death compared to wild-type control mice. To further assess the role of c-fos in regulating neuronal excitability at a cellular level, we performed hippocampal slice recording in the current study. We found that c-fos-deficient CA3 pyramidal neurons exhibit both enhanced basal and KA-induced excitability compared to normal control neurons. Our results suggest that c-fos regulates CA3 neuronal excitability.
|
['Animals', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Genes, fos', 'Kainic Acid', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Seizures']
| 12,383,919
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.330'], ['D03.383.773.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An analysis of costs associated with shoulder arthroplasty.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with variation in direct costs with shoulder arthroplasty.METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all shoulder arthroplasties performed at a single facility between July 1, 2011, and November 30, 2016. We collected patient factors, indications, procedure (including implant details), implant brand (A, B, and other), and complications. We collected direct costs over a 90-day period using a validated internal tool. We identified patient and procedure characteristics associated with costs using multivariable generalized linear models.RESULTS: A total of 361 patients were included, 19% with revision arthroplasty procedures, 32% with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties, and 66% with reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (RTSAs). Of total costs, 13% were operative facility utilization costs and 58% were operative supply costs. Factors associated with increased total cost included younger age (P = .002) and an indication for surgery of other, that is, not osteoarthritis, a failed arthroplasty, or the sequelae of a rotator cuff tear (P = .030). Factors associated with increased operative costs included younger age (P = .002), use of an RTSA (P < .001), use of a bone graft (P < .001), implant brand B (P = .098), implant brands other than A and B (P = .04), the sequelae of a rotator cuff tear as an indication for surgery (P = .041), or an indication for surgery of other (P = .007).CONCLUSION: Most short-term (90-day) costs with shoulder arthroplasty are operative costs. Nonmodified factors associated with increased cost included younger age and less common indications for surgery, whereas potentially modifiable factors included the intraoperative use of a bone graft, implant brand, and RTSA use.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Direct Service Costs', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Operating Rooms', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Shoulder Prosthesis']
| 30,827,836
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.110.110.299', 'E04.650.110.299', 'E04.680.101.110.299'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['N03.219.151'], ['N03.219.151.400.325', 'N05.300.375.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.278.388.700'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['E07.695.400.852']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Post-translational palmitoylation and glycosylation of Wnt-5a are necessary for its signalling.
|
Wnt-5a is a representative ligand that activates a beta-catenin-independent pathway in Wnt signalling. In the present paper, the roles of the post-translational modifications in the actions of Wnt-5a were investigated. We found that Wnt-5a is modified with palmitate at Cys104 and glycans at Asn114, Asn120, Asn311 and Asn325. The palmitoylation was not essential for the secretion of Wnt-5a, but was necessary for its ability to suppress Wnt-3a-dependent T-cell factor transcriptional activity and to stimulate cell migration. Wnt-5a activated focal adhesion kinase and this activation also required palmitoylation. Wild-type Wnt-5a induced the internalization of Fz (Frizzled) 5, but a Wnt-5a mutant that lacks the palmitoylation site did not. Furthermore, the binding of Wnt-5a to the extracellular domain of Fz5 required palmitoylation of Wnt-5a. These results indicate that palmitoylation of Wnt-5a is important for the triggering of signalling at the cell surface level and, therefore, that the lipid-unmodified form of Wnt-5a cannot activate intracellular signal cascades. In contrast, glycosylation was necessary for the secretion of Wnt-5a, but not essential for the actions of Wnt-5a. Thus the post-translational palmitoylation and glycosylation of Wnt-5a are important for the actions and secretion of Wnt-5a.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Signal Transduction', 'TCF Transcription Factors', 'Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein', 'Wnt Proteins', 'Wnt-5a Protein']
| 17,117,926
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.730', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800', 'D12.776.930.875'], ['D12.776.260.730.875', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800.875', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800.875', 'D12.776.930.875.875'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.467.984.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.962', 'D23.529.984.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of antibiogram, staphylococcal enterotoxin productivity, and coagulase genotypes among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animal and vegetable sources in Korea.
|
Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated the prevalence of such organisms in samples of bovine mastitic milk (n = 714), raw meat (n = 139), and vegetables (n = 616). We determined the degrees of relatedness of isolates as indicated by antibiogram, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) productivity, and coagulase gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We examined 297 S. aureus isolates and found SE production in 57 (31.8%), 4 (7.8%), and 49 (73.1%) isolates from raw milk, raw meat, and vegetables, respectively. A high proportion of the isolates obtained from milk produced more than two types of toxins (mainly SEA, SEB, and/or SEC), whereas isolates from raw meat and vegetables primarily produced SEA alone. Most isolates were sensitive to cephalothin (97.6%), gentamicin (80.8%), erythromycin (79.5%), and tetracycline (72.7%), but were resistant to penicillin (90.2%) and ampicillin (88.9%). The proportion of antibiotic-resistant isolates differed according the source of the bacteria; the milk and vegetable isolates were more resistant to penicillin and ampicillin than were the meat isolates (P < 0.05), whereas tetracycline resistance was limited to the milk and vegetables isolates. The coagulase genotypes (I to XII) varied with the source of the organism, and only a few genotypes prevailed in each source: II (42.4%) and IV (24%) types in isolates from milk, IX (35.3%) and XI (45%) from raw meat, and III (40.3%) and XII (32.8%) from vegetables. These findings suggest that remarkable differences exist in antibiogram, SE productivity, and coagulase genotypes, resulting in limited clonal transmission of S. aureus into various food sources. As enterotoxin production only occurs when S. aureus grows to high numbers, staphylococcal food poisoning can be prevented by proper refrigeration.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cattle', 'Coagulase', 'Consumer Product Safety', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Enterotoxins', 'Female', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Handling', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Korea', 'Meat', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Milk', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Refrigeration', 'Staphylococcal Food Poisoning', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Vegetables']
| 18,044,432
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.174', 'D12.776.097.181'], ['N06.850.210'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['D23.946.330'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['E02.792.643', 'E05.760.643'], ['C01.150.252.410.868.806', 'C25.723.415.846'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Crystal structures of cyanobacterial light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase.
|
The reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) is the penultimate step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. In oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plants, this reaction can be catalyzed by the light-dependent Pchlide oxidoreductase (LPOR), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily sharing a conserved Rossmann fold for NAD(P)H binding and the catalytic activity. Whereas modeling and simulation approaches have been used to study the catalytic mechanism of this light-driven reaction, key details of the LPOR structure remain unclear. We determined the crystal structures of LPOR from two cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Thermosynechococcus elongatus Structural analysis defines the LPOR core fold, outlines the LPOR-NADPH interaction network, identifies the residues forming the substrate cavity and the proton-relay path, and reveals the role of the LPOR-specific loop. These findings provide a basis for understanding the structure-function relationships of the light-driven Pchlide reduction.
|
['Catalysis', 'Chlorophyll', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Light', 'Models, Molecular', 'NADP', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protochlorophyllide', 'Protons', 'Synechocystis', 'Thermosynechococcus']
| 32,234,783
|
[['G02.130'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['D08.811.682.660'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.725', 'D03.633.400.909.374.725', 'D04.345.783.374.725'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['B03.280.750', 'B03.440.475.100.750'], ['B03.280.813', 'B03.440.475.100.813']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High BRAFV600E mutation frequency in Chinese patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma increases diagnostic efficacy in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.
|
To estimate the BRAFV600E mutation frequency in Chinese patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and the diagnostic value of BRAFV600E mutation status in thyroid nodules with indeterminate TBSRTC categories.A total of 4875 consecutive samples for thyroid ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and BRAF mutation analysis were collected from patients at Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine. Among all the cases, 314 underwent thyroidectomy. According to TBSRTC categories, FNAC was performed for a preoperative diagnosis. ROC of the subject was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these 2 methods and their combination.BRAF mutation in FNAC of thyroid nodules occurred in 2796 samples (57.35%). Of 353 nodule samples from 314 patients with thyroid operation, 333 were pathologically diagnosed as PTC. Of these PTC patients, 292 (87.69%) were found to have BRAF mutation in their preoperative FNAC. In 175 cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, BRAF mutation identified 88% of PTC. According to ROC data, BRAF mutation testing had an obviously higher sensitivity (87.69%) and specificity (100.00%) than TBSRTC. Combining BRAF mutation testing and TBSRTC achieved the largest AUC (0.954). For 41 PTC with a negative BRAF mutation in preoperative evaluation, the repeated BRAF mutation testing found out 12 samples with BRAF mutation. The true BRAF mutation rate of Chinese PTC patients was 91.29%.Chinese patients with PTC have a higher frequency of BRAF mutation. The BRAF mutation testing affords a high diagnostic value in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Child', 'China', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thyroid Cancer, Papillary', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroid Nodule', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional', 'Young Adult']
| 31,305,422
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.374', 'D12.644.360.400.842.374', 'D12.776.476.400.842.437', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.200'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.085.612', 'C04.588.322.894.400', 'C04.588.443.915.400', 'C19.344.894.400', 'C19.874.788.400'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['C04.588.322.894.800', 'C04.588.443.915.800', 'C19.344.894.800', 'C19.874.788.800'], ['E04.270.856'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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