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Determination of nitrofuran and chloramphenicol residues by high resolution mass spectrometry versus tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry.
|
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography based method, coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), was developed to permit the detection and quantification of various nitrofuran and chloramphenicol residues in a number of animal based food products. This method is based on the hydrolysis of covalently bound metabolites and derivatization with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Clean-up is achieved by a liquid/liquid and a reversed phase/solid phase extraction. Not only are the four conventional nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, nitrofurazone and furaltadone) detected, but also nifursol, nitrovin and nifuroxazide. Furthermore, an underivatizable nitrofuran (nifurpirinol) and another banned drug (chloramphenicol) can be quantified as well. The compounds are detected in the form of their precursor ions, [M+H](+) and [M-H](-), respectively. The mass resolving power of 70,000 FWHM, and the applied mass window ensure sufficient selectivity and sensitivity. Confirmation is obtained by monitoring the HRMS resolved product ions which were derived from the unit-mass resolved precursor ions. The multiplexing capability of the utilized Orbitrap instrument provides not only highly selective, but also sensitive confirmatory signals. This method has been validated according to the CD 2002/657/EC for the following matrices: muscle, liver, kidney, fish, honey, eggs and milk.
|
['Chloramphenicol', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Nitrofurans', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 25,682,427
|
[['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.640.600', 'D03.383.312.649'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
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|
Effect of in vitro cultivation and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on intracellular cyclic AMP levels in hamster tracheal organ cultures.
|
Exogenous cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP decreased the relative ciliary activity values of tracheal organ cultures. In contrast, theophylline and cholera toxin were not ciliostatic. The use of a radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP indicated that all of the tested substances increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels to some extent (from 3-fold for cholera toxin to almost 40-fold for dibutyryl cyclic AMP). Physical inactivation of explants by either freeze-thaw or heat destroyed all ciliary activity and greatly decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Cyclic AMP levels of explants remained relatively constant during in vitro cultivation. Three strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were found to contain extremely low amounts of cyclic AMP. Infection of tracheal explants produced a significant decrease in relative ciliary activity, but only a slight decline in organ-culture cyclic AMP levels.
|
['Animals', 'Bucladesine', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Cilia', 'Cricetinae', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Mycoplasma', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Theophylline', 'Trachea']
| 222,670
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
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|
Update From the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
|
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a group of medical and public health experts, meets 3 times per year to develop recommendations for vaccine use in the United States. The group usually has 15 voting members, each of whom is appointed to a 4-year term. ACIP members and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff discuss the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine research, effectiveness, safety data, and clinical trial results. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics (Y. A. M. and D. W. K.) and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (S. T. O.) are present as liaisons to the ACIP. The ACIP met February 27 to 28, 2019, to discuss hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons, pneumococcal vaccination among adults aged 65 years or older, influenza vaccine effectiveness and safety, anthrax vaccination in the setting of a mass exposure, human papillomavirus vaccine, zoster vaccines, and Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Advisory Committees', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Immunization Schedule', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pediatrics', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Societies, Medical', 'United States', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines', 'Vaccines, Combined', 'Young Adult']
| 31,367,738
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N03.706.742.500'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.470', 'E05.478.550.545'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.670'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894'], ['D20.215.894.815'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Analysis of the Raman intensities near the phase transitions in ammonium halides.
|
This study concentrates on the temperature dependence of the Raman intensities for the lattice modes in ammonium halides (NH(4)Cl and NH(4)Br) close to phase transitions. We predict their intensities using the results of a shell model for the Raman polarizability within the framework of an Ising pseudospin-phonon coupled model. From our observed Raman intensities of those phonon modes studied here, we extract the values of the critical exponent for the order parameter in these crystalline systems. The exponent values indicate that the Raman intensities show a logarithmic divergence at higher pressures in NH(4)Cl, whereas they predict a lambda-type phase transition at zero pressure in NH(4)Br.
|
['Ammonium Chloride', 'Bromides', 'Crystallization', 'Models, Chemical', 'Phase Transition', 'Pressure', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics']
| 18,356,099
|
[['D01.210.450.150.050', 'D01.625.062.249'], ['D01.139.300.050', 'D01.248.497.158.125'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['G01.374.715'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Antibody response after intradermal administration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children.
|
Intradermal vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was performed in 33 children (mean age 3.3 years). A 2 micrograms dose was given at 0, 1 and 6 months and antibody responses were determined 20 months after the initial dose. In 32/33 children, serum antibodies to HBs were demonstrated, with a geometric mean level of 26.5 IU/l, and 24 children (73%) had anti-HBs levels greater than or equal to 10 IU/l. The results indicate that intradermal vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine may be an alternative for vaccination of small children.
|
['Child Day Care Centers', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B Vaccines', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Male', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Synthetic', 'Viral Hepatitis Vaccines']
| 2,148,015
|
[['J03.160', 'N02.421.143.098'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.504'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['D20.215.894.899.955.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D12.776.828.868', 'D20.215.894.865', 'D23.050.865'], ['D20.215.894.899.955']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Myocardial infarction in Graves' disease without coronary artery disease.
|
A 45-year-old female without coronary risk factors showed a 20 kg decrease in body weight, hyperhydrosis, palpitations and dyspnea on exertion for 2 months, and nocturnal dyspnea for 1 month before admission. She did not notice chest pain indicative myocardial infarction or fever suggestive myocarditis. Graves' disease was confirmed by exophthalmos and elevated titers of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones. Cardiac catheterization studies demonstrated no significant coronary artery disease but showed akinesis of the anteroseptal and apical walls which suggested myocardial infarction. Thyroid hormone may directly influence myocardial oxygen supply and demand and, by some unknown mechanism, cause a critical imbalance in coronary circulation resulting in myocardial infarction.
|
['Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Thyrotoxicosis']
| 3,626,027
|
[['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C19.874.397.685']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
In vitro anti-nephrotoxic potential of Ammi visnaga, Petroselinum crispum, Hordeum vulgare, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus seed or leaf extracts by suppressing the necrotic mediators, oxidative stress and inflammation.
|
BACKGROUND: The kidney is an essential organ required by the body to perform several important functions. Nephrotoxicity is one of the most prevailing kidney complications that result from exposure to an extrinsic or intrinsic toxicant, which increase the need for the acquisition of proper remedies. Recently, natural remedies are gaining great attention owed to the fact that they have fewer side effects than most conventional drugs.METHODS: The current study recorded a new therapeutic role of the well-known medicinal plants for kidney stones [Ammi visnaga (AVE), Petroselinum crispum (PCE), Hordeum vulgare (HVE), and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (CSE)]. Hence, the aqueous extracts of these plants examined against CCl4-induced toxicity in mammalian kidney (Vero) cells.RESULTS: These extracts showed the presence of varying amounts of phenolic and triterpenoid compounds, as well as vitamin C. Owing to the antioxidant potential of these constituents, the extracts suppressed the CCl4-induced oxidative stress significantly (p < 0.05) by scavenging the reactive oxygen species and enhancing the cellular antioxidant indices. In addition, these extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the CCl4-induced inflammation by inhibiting the gene expression of NF-?B, iNOS, and in turn the level of nitric oxide. Consequently, the morphological appearance of Vero cells, cellular necrosis, and the gene expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (a marker of renal injury) after these treatments were improved. The AVE improved CCl4-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress in Vero cells and showed a more potent effect than the commonly used alpha-Ketoanalogue drug (ketosteril) in most of the studied assays.CONCLUSION: Thus, the studied plant extracts, especially AVE can be considered as promising extracts in the management of nephrotoxicity and other chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
|
['Ammi', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cymbopogon', 'Hordeum', 'Kidney', 'NF-kappa B', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Petroselinum', 'Phenols', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Seeds', 'Vero Cells']
| 31,238,921
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.039'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.266'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Fuzzy logic applied to prospecting for areas for installation of wood panel industries.
|
Prospecting for suitable areas for forestry operations, where the objective is a reduction in production and transportation costs, as well as the maximization of profits and available resources, constitutes an optimization problem. However, fuzzy logic is an alternative method for solving this problem. In the context of prospecting for suitable areas for the installation of wood panel industries, we propose applying fuzzy logic analysis for simulating the planting of different species and eucalyptus hybrids in Esp?rito Santo State, Brazil. The necessary methodological steps for this study are as follows: a) agriclimatological zoning of different species and eucalyptus hybrids; b) the selection of the vector variables; c) the application of the Euclidean distance to the vector variables; d) the application of fuzzy logic to matrix variables of the Euclidean distance; and e) the application of overlap fuzzy logic to locate areas for installation of wood panel industries. Among all the species and hybrids, Corymbia citriodora showed the highest percentage values for the combined very good and good classes, with 8.60%, followed by Eucalyptus grandis with 8.52%, Eucalyptus urophylla with 8.35% and Urograndis with 8.34%. The fuzzy logic analysis afforded flexibility in prospecting for suitable areas for the installation of wood panel industries in the Esp?rito Santo State can bring great economic and social benefits to the local population with the generation of jobs, income, tax revenues and GDP increase for the State and municipalities involved. The proposed methodology can be adapted to other areas and agricultural crops.
|
['Crops, Agricultural', 'Eucalyptus', 'Forestry', 'Fuzzy Logic', 'Wood']
| 28,237,845
|
[['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.773.366'], ['J01.576.430'], ['E05.599.250', 'K01.752.448.250', 'L01.224.050.375.250'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Improved contrast of enhancing brain lesions using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR sequences to provide improved contrast-to-noise ratios for contrast-enhanced lesions during acquisition times shorter than those used for conventional T1-weighted spin-echo MR sequences.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We compared contrast-to-noise ratios of 32 enhancing brain lesions in 25 patients on T1-weighted spin-echo (546/10 [TR/TE]; two excitations; acquisition time, 4 min 12 sec) and on fast spin-echo (546/10 [TR/effective TE]; echo-train length, 4; echo spacing, 10 msec; two excitations; acquisition time, 1 min 45 sec) MR images obtained at 1.5 T after i.v. administration of 0.10 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine.RESULTS: The contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR images showed approximately a 12% reduction in the signal-to-noise ratios of the background white matter without an accompanying reduction in the signal-to-noise ratios of the enhancing lesions or CSF when compared with the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo MR images. The contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR images provided a 23% improvement in the contrast-to-noise ratios of enhancing lesions over the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo images (p < .001).CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging showed a statistically significant improvement in contrast-to-noise ratios at much shorter scan times than those used in conventional contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo MR imaging.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain', 'Brain Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,124,121
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determinants of mortality of preterm babies in the university of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin Nigeria.
|
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: A prospective study to identify the determinants of mortality among 185 preterm babies at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data on 185 preterm babies and their mothers were collected over a nine month period in a tertiary hospital to identify the determinants of mortality among these babies.RESULTS: Factors identified as significant determinants of mortality were severe perinatal asphyxia (p = 0.000; OR = 71.31; 95% CI = 17.63-308.24), apnoea (p = 0.000; OR = 178.20; 95% CI = 20.64-7709.02), necrotizing entero-colitis (p = 0.001) and resuscitation duration (p = 0.003; OR = 5.33; 95% CI = 1.62-19.02).CONCLUSION: The primary causes of death are severe perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and infection. In Nigeria, survival below 28 weeks gestation is less than 20%. The findings in this study highlight the need for prompt and effective resuscitation of these infants by a trained health worker with verifiable competence in newborn resuscitation. It also highlights the need for availability of functional facilities like ventilators and resources like surfactant.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cause of Death', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Maternal Age', 'Nigeria', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 21,809,607
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regional left ventricular systolic function in patients with segmental early relaxation and normal coronary arteries.
|
The purpose of the study was to determine whether regional differences of left ventricular systolic function exist in patients with normal coronary arteries who manifest segmental early relaxation. The presence or absence of segmental early relaxation was determined angiographically in 16 patients with normal coronary arteries who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization because of chest pain. Seven patients had early relaxation localized to the left ventricular anterior wall and nine patients had no evidence of segmental early relaxation. Regional function was assessed from ventriculograms obtained in the right anterior oblique projection using the area method to calculate the regional fractional area of shortening. The fractional area of shortening of the anterolateral region was greater in patients with than in those without segmental early relaxation (69 +/- 4 versus 55 +/- 11%; p less than 0.01). In addition, in patients with segmental early relaxation, this variable exceeded the fractional area of shortening of the diaphragmatic region (69 +/- 4 versus 53 +/- 9%; p less than 0.01). There was no difference in the fractional area of shortening between these two regions in patients who did not manifest segmental early relaxation. These results suggest that regional differences in systolic function are present in patients with but not in those without segmental early relaxation. Augmented regional systolic function was observed in patients with segmental early relaxation and was limited to regions that manifested early relaxation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Stroke Volume', 'Systole', 'Ventricular Function']
| 6,736,453
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['G09.330.955']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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|
Preclinical toxicity evaluation of a novel immunotoxin, D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL, administered via intracerebral convection-enhanced delivery in rats.
|
D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL (D2C7-IT) is a novel immunotoxin that reacts with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRwt) and mutant EGFRvIII proteins overexpressed in glioblastomas. This study assessed the toxicity of intracerebral administration of D2C7-IT to support an initial Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug application. After the optimization of the formulation and administration, two cohorts (an acute and chronic cohort necropsied on study days 5 and 34) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (four groups of 5 males and 5 females) were infused with the D2C7-IT formulation at total doses of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.4 ìg (the acute cohort) and 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.35 ìg (the chronic cohort) for approximately 72 h by intracerebral convection-enhanced delivery using osmotic pumps. Mortality was observed in the 0.40 ìg (5/10 rats) and 0.35 ìg (4/10 rats) high-dose groups of each cohort. Body weight loss and abnormal behavior were only revealed in the rats treated with high doses of D2C7-IT. No dose-related effects were observed in clinical laboratory tests in either cohort. A gross pathologic examination of systemic tissues from the high-dose and control groups in both cohorts exhibited no dose-related or drug-related pathologic findings. Brain histopathology revealed the frequent occurrence of dose-related encephalomalacia, edema, and demyelination in the high-dose groups of both cohorts. In this study, the maximum tolerated dose of D2C7-IT was determined to be between 0.10 and 0.35 ìg, and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was 0.05 ìg in SD rats. Both parameters were utilized to design the Phase I/II D2C7-IT clinical trial.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Convection', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Female', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Immunotoxins', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Male', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Single-Chain Antibodies']
| 26,728,879
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G01.906.230'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580', 'D27.888.569.257'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580.450', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580.450', 'D27.888.569.257.500'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.785', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.795']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Presentation of severe haemophilia--a role for accident and emergency doctors?
|
BACKGROUND: The management of haemophilia has changed dramatically over the years and is constantly being improved. This study set out to discover if the diagnosis of haemophilia was being made early enough in those with no family history and looked at the different modes of presentation.METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to all patients with haemophilia under the age of 16 who had no family history before diagnosis.RESULTS: There were 28 replies from 34 patients contacted (82% response rate). Three were excluded because of a known family history. The mean number of attendances to a doctor before a diagnosis was considered was 4.13 (median = 3, interquartile range = 2.5). The mean age of diagnosis was 29.52 months (median = 14, interquartile range = 20. Most presentations were to the accident and emergency department and to the general practitioner. The most common presenting feature was easy bruising.CONCLUSION: There is a variable delay in diagnosis despite predictable presenting features.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Emergencies', 'England', 'Hemophilia A', 'Hemophilia B', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicine', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Specialization', 'Time Factors']
| 11,435,355
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['C15.378.100.100.510', 'C15.378.100.141.510', 'C15.378.463.510', 'C16.320.099.510', 'C16.320.322.235'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['H02.811'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Persistent sodium current is a nonsynaptic substrate for long-term associative memory.
|
Although synaptic plasticity is widely regarded as the primary mechanism of memory [1], forms of nonsynaptic plasticity, such as increased somal or dendritic excitability or membrane potential depolarization, also have been implicated in learning in both vertebrate and invertebrate experimental systems [2-7]. Compared to synaptic plasticity, however, there is much less information available on the mechanisms of specific types of nonsynaptic plasticity involved in well-defined examples of behavioral memory. Recently, we have shown that learning-induced somal depolarization of an identified modulatory cell type (the cerebral giant cells, CGCs) of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis encodes information that enables the expression of long-term associative memory [8]. The Lymnaea CGCs therefore provide a highly suitable experimental system for investigating the ionic mechanisms of nonsynaptic plasticity that can be linked to behavioral learning. Based on a combined behavioral, electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and computer simulation approach, here we show that an increase of a persistent sodium current of this neuron underlies its delayed and persistent depolarization after behavioral single-trial classical conditioning. Our findings provide new insights into how learning-induced membrane level changes are translated into a form of long-lasting neuronal plasticity already known to contribute to maintained adaptive modifications at the network and behavioral level [8].
|
['Animals', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Lymnaea', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Memory', 'Neurons', 'Sodium']
| 18,701,288
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.645'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Cardiology telemedicine solutions - opinion of the experts of the Committee of Informatics and Telemedicine of Polish Society of Cardiology, Section of Non-invasive Electrocardiology and Telemedicine of Polish Society of Cardiology and Clinical Sciences C].
|
For several years, we have observed the dynamic development of technologies that allow patients to access medical care from the comfort of their homes, without direct contact with the doctor. Innovative solutions based on telemedicine improve care coordination and communication among clinicians, patients, and their families, as well as increases patients' security and gives them greater independence, thus eliminating health care inequalities. The rapidly growth of telemedicine and the adoption of new technologies in clinical practice is also observed in Poland. Crucial moment for the telemedicine facilitation process in our country was Baltic Declaration approved by Minister of Health in 2015, as well as the Medical Profession Amendment Act and remote medical care admission. Since then, as part of the work of the Information Technology and Telemedicine Committee of the Polish Cardiac Society and the Telemedical Working Group, important steps have been taken to implement a telemedicine solutions in the Polish healthcare system, resulting in improved quality and efficiency of this system. The presented document reflects the above actions and encompasses following issues: available telemedicine solutions in the world, analysis of their effectiveness based on clinical trials, funding opportunities, legal status and development prospects telecardiology in Poland.
|
['Cardiology', 'Humans', 'Poland', 'Societies, Medical', 'Telemedicine']
| 29,441,511
|
[['H02.403.429.163'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Anatomical basis for the newly developed facelifting].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the SMAS and the facial nerve divisions in the cheek area.METHOD: We dissected 12 cadaver heads(24 sides).RESULTS: 1. SMAS distributed over the middle face. It became thinner as it extended forward and there was a small aperture lateral to the mouth. The branches of facial nerve lay directly beneath the parotidomassetric fascia after emerging from the parotid gland. 2. The frontal branch penetrated the deep fascia to the SMAS at about 0.5 cm below the zygomatic arch. 3. Some buccal branches went through the cheek fat pad while the others lay on its surface directly under the thin SMAS. 4. There was constantly a zygomatic ramus went into the upper one third of the zygomaticus. It innervated the lower and lateral orbicularis oculi muscle in 9 of 24 sides (37.5%) of the cadaver heads, zygomaticus major and minor and orbicularis oculi muscle in 8 of 24 sides (33.3%), and the zygomaticus major and minor in 7 of 24 sides (29.2%).CONCLUSION: During facelifting, wide dissection of the SMAS should be done directly above the parotidomassetric fascia and 0.5 cm below the zygomatic arch. While approaching the middle face, the dissection should be limited to the lower two third of the zygomaticus, followed by elevating the zygomatic fat. The authors dissect the nasolabial fold through the lower eyelid incision, then the dissection should go downwards, under the orbicularis oculi muscle, to the nasolabial area. In a clinical situation, care must be taken not to damage the facial nerve trunk, and dissection of the upper one third of the zygomaticus should be avoided.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Facial Nerve', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rhytidoplasty']
| 11,263,318
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.800.050.050.275', 'A08.800.050.600.149', 'A08.800.800.060.275', 'A08.800.800.120.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.218.765', 'E04.680.275.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and properties of phosphofructokinase from Dictyostelium discoideum.
|
Phosphofructokinase (PFruK) from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has been purified to homogeneity over 15,000-fold with a 29% yield. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the final preparation revealed a single band of 95 kDa. The native molecular mass was determined by gel filtration to be 382 kDa, indicating that the enzyme is a homotetramer. An antibody raised in rabbits against the 95-kDa band immunoprecipitated PFruK activity while it did not react with the enzyme from yeast and mammalian cells. The apparent pI was 6.8 and the pH optimum was 7.6. The enzyme had an activation energy (Ea) of 29.1 kJ/mol. The amino acid composition was distinctive in having high Ser, Gly and Glx and low Ala, Val and Tyr compared with other eukaryotic PFruKs. Enzyme activity did not have a sigmoidal saturation curve for fructose 6-phosphate, was only mildly inhibited by MgATP at acidic pH values, was not affected by enzyme concentration and was insensitive to any of the typical allosteric effectors of PFruKs from other sources. However, the enzyme binds fructose 2,6-bisphosphate as indicated by protection against thermal denaturation. Treatment with cAMP-dependent protein kinase led to phosphorylation of the enzyme without change in activity. The metabolic significance of these properties and their relationship to structure/function are discussed.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Dictyostelium', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Immunosorbent Techniques', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phosphofructokinase-1', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinases', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Thermodynamics']
| 7,813,455
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.478.566.380', 'E05.601.470.380'], ['D05'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.225.850.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reconstitution of thromboxane A2 receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in isolated platelet membranes: involvement of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-beta and GTP-binding protein Gq.
|
Activation of human platelets by the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane A2 and the thromboxane A2 mimic U46619 is mediated through phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-catalysed hydrolysis of phosphoinositides. We have established conditions to reconstitute U46619-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown by addition of guanine nucleotides and soluble platelet phospholipase C activities to isolated 32P-labelled membranes. Receptor-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was observed in the presence of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) or GTP plus U46619. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was dependent on both GTP and U46619, with half-maximal stimulation observed at 5 microM and 500 nM respectively. Phospholipase C isoenzymes beta, gamma 1, gamma 2 and delta were purified from platelet cytosol and their ability to reconstitute GTP[S]-dependent and GTP/U46619-dependent phosphoinositide hydrolysis determined. Phospholipase C-beta and -delta, but not phospholipase C-gamma 1 or -gamma 2, catalysed phosphoinositide breakdown in the presence of GTP[S]. In contrast, only phospholipase C-beta was able to reconstitute GTP-dependent U46619-induced hydrolysis. The participation of GTP-regulatory proteins in the reconstitution of GTP[S]- and GTP/U46619-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis was examined using antibodies to the C-terminals of the alpha-subunits of three of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins expressed in human platelets Gq, Gi2 and Gi3. Anti-Gq antibody, but not anti-Gi2 or Gi3 antibody, inhibited both GTP[S]- and GTP/U46619-dependent reconstitution of phosphoinositide hydrolysis with phospholipase C-beta. In contrast GTP[S]-stimulated hydrolysis by phospholipase C-delta was not inhibited by any of the G-protein antibodies. These results show the functional specificity of GTP-binding proteins and phospholipase C isoenzymes in mediating agonist-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human platelets.
|
['Blood Platelets', 'Cell Membrane', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic', 'Receptors, Thromboxane']
| 8,385,934
|
[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.500', 'D08.811.520.650.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['D08.811.277.352.640'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.250', 'D23.469.700.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serious toxicity associated with annular microwave array induction of whole-body hyperthermia in normal dogs.
|
Using a regional annular microwave array it was possible to produce a systemic temperature of 42 degrees C in approximately 80 min with applied net power levels of approximately 150 W. Resulting temperature distributions were non-uniform. Sites within the array were above systemic temperature during heating but approximated systemic temperature during the plateau phase. Sites outside of the array were lower than systemic temperature during heating and plateau phases. Dogs allowed to recover from the procedure experienced severe toxicity consisting of lumbar muscle haemorrhage, pain and swelling, and pelvic limb paralysis. Histologically, there was severe myopathy and haemorrhage and oedema in neural tissue in the caudal lumbar spine. Acute necrosis of lymphoid tissue was observed in all dogs. Temperatures in muscle reached 43-46 degrees C and were higher than at other measured sites. Spinal canal temperatures were essentially equal to rectal temperature, approximating 42-43 degrees C during heating and plateau phases. These data suggest regionally induced whole-body hyperthermia may result in: (1) power deposition non-uniformity leading to muscle and spinal canal temperatures which exceed systemic temperature and which are sufficient to cause serious toxicity; (2) systemic temperature non-uniformity which is undesirable for systemic thermochemotherapy; and (3) possible immunological dysfunction associated with lymphoid necrosis. Extreme caution must be exercised in administering energy to localized regions of human patients with the intent of elevating systemic temperature.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Dogs', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Microwaves', 'Organ Specificity', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 1,545,161
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.565'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['G07.650'], ['C26']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Primary pineal tumors: outcome and prognostic factors--a study from the Rare Cancer Network (RCN).
|
PURPOSE: To better define outcome and prognostic factors in primary pineal tumors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive patients from seven academic centers of the Rare Cancer Network diagnosed between 1988 and 2006 were included. Median age was 36 years. Surgical resection consisted of biopsy in 12 cases and resection in 21 (2 cases with unknown resection). All patients underwent radiotherapy and 12 patients received also chemotherapy.RESULTS: Histological subtypes were pineoblastoma (PNB) in 21 patients, pineocytoma (PC) in 8 patients and pineocytoma with intermediate differentiation in 6 patients. Six patients with PNB had evidence of spinal seeding. Fifteen patients relapsed (14 PNB and 1 PC) with PNB cases at higher risk (p = 0.031). Median survival time was not reached. Median disease-free survival was 82 months (CI 50 % 28-275). In univariate analysis, age younger than 36 years was an unfavorable prognostic factor (p = 0.003). Patients with metastases at diagnosis had poorer survival (p = 0.048). Late side effects related to radiotherapy were dementia, leukoencephalopathy or memory loss in seven cases, occipital ischemia in one, and grade 3 seizures in two cases. Side effects related to chemotherapy were grade 3-4 leucopenia in five cases, grade 4 thrombocytopenia in three cases, grade 2 anemia in two cases, grade 4 pancytopenia in one case, grade 4 vomiting in one case and renal failure in one case.CONCLUSIONS: Age and dissemination at diagnosis influenced survival in our series. The prevalence of chronic toxicity suggests that new adjuvant strategies are advisable.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pinealoma', 'Prognosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,914,906
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.657', 'C04.557.470.670.657', 'C04.557.580.625.600.657', 'C04.588.614.250.195.766', 'C10.228.140.211.788', 'C10.551.240.250.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Perception among upper middle class adolescent in Bombay regarding sex and sexuality.
|
The study was carried out among the adolescents in respect to their beliefs about sexual behavior and their intended decision with regard to engaging in sexual activity. Both male and female respondents indicated that they believe that individuals of their age should wait until they are older before engaging in sexual activity. However, there were significant differences between the responses of male and female adolescents.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attitude', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Income', 'India', 'Male', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Social Class']
| 16,479,912
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.802'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Kinematics of passive flexion following balanced and overstuffed fixed bearing unicondylar knee arthroplasty.
|
INTRODUCTION: Progression of osteoarthritis in the unreplaced compartment following unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) may be hastened if kinematics is disturbed following UKA implantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze tibiofemoral kinematics of the balanced and overstuffed UKA in comparison with the native knee during passive flexion since this is a common clinical assessment.METHODS: Ten cadaveric knees were mounted to robotic manipulator and underwent passive flexion from 0 to 90°. The kinematic pathway was recorded in the native knee and in the balanced, fixed bearing UKA. The medial UKA was implanted using a measured resection technique. Additionally, a one millimeter thicker tibial insert was installed to simulate the effects of overstuffing. Tibial kinematics in relation to the femur was recorded.RESULTS: Following UKA the tibia was externally rotated, and in valgus relative to the native knee near extension. In flexion, installing the UKA caused the knee to be translated medially and anteriorly. The tibia was translated distally through the entire range of flexion after UKA. Compared to the balanced UKA, overstuffing further increased valgus at full extension and distal translation of the tibia from full extension to 45° flexion.CONCLUSIONS: UKA implantation altered tibiofemoral kinematics in all planes. Differences were small; nevertheless, they may affect tibiofemoral loading patterns.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alterations in tibiofemoral kinematics following UKA might have implications for prosthesis failure and progression of osteoarthritis in the remaining compartment. Overstuffing should be avoided as it further increased valgus and did not improve the remaining kinematics.
|
['Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cadaver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Range of Motion, Articular']
| 26,358,244
|
[['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
White Matter Changes in Tinnitus: Is It All Age and Hearing Loss?
|
Tinnitus is a condition characterized by the perception of auditory phantom sounds. It is known as the result of complex interactions between auditory and nonauditory regions. However, previous structural imaging studies on tinnitus patients showed evidence of significant white matter changes caused by hearing loss that are positively correlated with aging. Current study focused on which aspects of tinnitus pathologies affect the white matter integrity the most. We used the diffusion tensor imaging technique to acquire images that have higher contrast in brain white matter to analyze how white matter is influenced by tinnitus-related factors using voxel-based methods, region of interest analysis, and deterministic tractography. As a result, white matter integrity in chronic tinnitus patients was both directly affected by age and also mediated by the hearing loss. The most important changes in white matter regions were found bilaterally in the anterior corona radiata, anterior corpus callosum, and bilateral sagittal strata. In the tractography analysis, the white matter integrity values in tracts of right parahippocampus were correlated with the subjective tinnitus loudness.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tinnitus', 'White Matter', 'Young Adult']
| 26,477,359
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670'], ['A08.186.211.204', 'A08.186.854.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Establishment and maintenance of behavioural dominance in male mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.
|
Trichinella spiralis infections influenced the establishment and maintenance of behavioural dominance among outbred male mice. Infected animals assumed a subordinate status when challenged by normal or more lightly infected conspecifics both in an unfamiliar test arena and in their established home cages. These effects were demonstrable during the acute and the chronic phases of infection. The significance of this phenomenon to the survival of the mouse host and the transmission of the parasite is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Dominance-Subordination', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Social Dominance', 'Time Factors', 'Trichinellosis']
| 6,856,335
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.813.650.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['F01.145.813.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.610.335.508.100.275.882']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retrospective diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection at a school for the deaf by using preserved dried umbilical cord.
|
A retrospective diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection was made for 3 of 26 students (12%) with either bilateral profound or severe sensorineural hearing loss at a School for the Deaf in Japan by detecting viral DNA with real-time polymerase chain reaction from dried umbilical cords that had been preserved at home.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus Infections', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Neonatal Screening', 'Persons With Hearing Impairments', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Risk Assessment', 'Students', 'Time Factors']
| 19,840,618
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['C01.925.256.466.245'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.225.910', 'E01.370.500.580', 'E05.200.910', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443.816', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.575', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.580', 'N06.850.780.500.580'], ['M01.150.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['M01.848'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pattern of renal amyloidosis in South Africa.
|
BACKGROUND: Kidney disease is a serious manifestation of systemic amyloidosis and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis (TB) occurs up to 27 times more commonly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and is also an important cause of renal amyloid; there are however no reports of renal amyloidosis in South Africa in the HIV era.METHODS: This was a retrospective record review of cases of amyloidosis diagnosed on renal biopsies at our tertiary referral hospital between January 1985 and December 2016.RESULTS: Forty-six cases of amyloidosis were identified over the study period. The calculated biopsy prevalence was 1.38 per 100 non-transplant renal biopsies (95% Confidence Interval 1.02-1.86). AL amyloidosis was identified in 26 (57%) cases and AA in 20 (43%). The median age at presentation was 51 years and 52% of cases were female. Patients with AA amyloidosis were significantly younger compared to their AL counterparts (age 42 years vs. 58 years, p = < 0.001) and were all significantly non-white. The main clinical presentation was nephrotic syndrome (85%) and 52% of cases also had a serum creatinine value of greater than 120 ìmol/L. Of the 20 cases of AA amyloidosis, 12 (60%) were associated with tuberculosis. HIV infection was noted in only two (10%) of the 20 AA cases. Median survival after diagnosis was 2 months.CONCLUSION: Amyloidosis is a rare cause of kidney disease and typically presents with nephrotic syndrome. A similar number of AA and AL types were observed, and outcomes are worse in cases of AA amyloid. While TB remains the major underlying disease in this type, HIV infection was infrequent in cases of AA renal amyloidosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amyloidosis', 'Biopsy', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'South Africa', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'Young Adult']
| 31,706,285
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C18.452.845.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.595.250', 'C18.452.845.500.550', 'C20.683.515.507', 'C20.683.780.565'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adverse outcome of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone in the treatment of lichen planus.
|
The objectives of this study were to compare the adverse outcome of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone therapy in the treatment of lichen planus. It was a clinical trial conducted in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2009 to December 2010. Forty four patients of lichen planus were included in the study. Patients in Group-A, (n = 23) were treated with methotrexate (10 mg) single morning dose and group-B (n = 21) were treated with mini pulse betamethasone (5 mg) single morning dose on 2 consecutive days during the period of 12 weeks. Adverse outcomes were measured by clinical examination and laboratory investigations during follow up visits. Anemia 3 (14.2%) and edema 12 (57.1%) developed in group-B but none in group-A. In group-B, dyspepsia 15 (71.4%), acne 10 (47.6%), mooning face 8 (38.1%), striae 8 (38.1%) and hypertrichosis 4 (19.0%) developed but none in group-A. Intermittent diarrhoea, headache, nausea and fatigue complained in both groups of patients but the percentage of complaints was higher among group-B compared to group-A. Menstrual abnormality developed in group-B 5(71.4%) but none in group-A. Laboratory investigations showed abnormality in platelet count and SGPT in group-A but none in group-B. The adverse effects of methotrexate on haematological parameter and liver functions were mild and could be prevented by reducing the dose but the adverse effects of betamethasone were unavoidable. The overall adverse effects were less in group-A than group-B. Therefore, methotrexate can be used as an alternative safer option for the treatment of lichen planus.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Bangladesh', 'Betamethasone', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lichen Planus', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 23,923,408
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.199', 'D04.210.500.908.093'], ['D27.505.954.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.859.475.560'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[The effect of dexmedetomidine on autophagy and apoptosis in intestinal ischemia reperfusion-induced lung injury].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against autophagy and apoptosis in intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury.METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups according to the random number table: control group, I/R group, small dose of dexmedetomidine (D1) group and large dose of dexmedetomidine (D2) group. The model of lung injury was induced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by 12 h reperfusion. Rats in D1 and D2 groups received intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine at dose of 1 µg/kg and 5 µg/kg respectively. Rats in control and I/R groups were given same volume of normal saline. Pathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)II/I ratio, Beclin-1, Bax and Bcl-2 expression were measured by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was assayed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), while caspase-3 activity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Significant infiltration of neutrophils and thickened alveolar walls were observed in the I/R group compared to the control group, which were improved by dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) treatment. Compared to the control group, the apoptosis cells [(69 ± 8) cells/field], LC3 II/I ratio(57 ± 8), Beclin-1(487%± 45%) and Bax (358% ± 37%) expression were markedly increased (P<0.05), while Bcl-2 (39% ± 5%) expression was decreased (P<0.05) in the I/R group. Compared to the I/R group, the apoptosis cells [(32 ± 5) cells/field], LC3 II/I ratio(27 ± 4), Beclin-1 (285%± 41%) and Bax (181% ± 25%) expression were markedly reduced (P<0.05), while Bcl-2 (91% ± 9%) expression was increased (P<0.05) in the D2 group.CONCLUSIONS: Autophagy and apoptosis were activated in intestinal I/R-induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine ameliorated intestinal I/R-induced lung injury via reducing autophagy and apoptosis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Autophagy', 'Beclin-1', 'Caspase 3', 'Dexmedetomidine', 'Lung', 'Lung Injury', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reperfusion Injury']
| 26,703,944
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['G04.011'], ['D12.644.360.075.335', 'D12.776.094.500', 'D12.776.476.075.335'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D03.383.129.308.245'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381.520', 'C26.891.554'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bacterial flagellin triggers cardiac innate immune responses and acute contractile dysfunction.
|
BACKGROUND: Myocardial contractile failure in septic shock may develop following direct interactions, within the heart itself, between molecular motifs released by pathogens and their specific receptors, notably those belonging to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Here, we determined the ability of bacterial flagellin, the ligand of mammalian TLR5, to trigger myocardial inflammation and contractile dysfunction.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: TLR5 expression was determined in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts, in primary rat cardiomyocytes, and in whole heart extracts from rodents and humans. The ability of flagellin to activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways (NF-kappaB and MAP kinases) and the expression of inflammatory cytokines was investigated in H9c2 cells, and, in part, in primary cardiomyocytes, as well as in the mouse myocardium in vivo. The influence of flagellin on left ventricular function was evaluated in mice by a conductance pressure-volume catheter. Cardiomyocytes and intact myocardium disclosed significant TLR5 expression. In vitro, flagellin activated NF-kappaB, MAP kinases, and the transcription of inflammatory genes. In vivo, flagellin induced cardiac activation of NF-kappaB, expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MIP-2 and MCP-1), and provoked a state of reversible myocardial dysfunction, characterized by cardiac dilation, reduced ejection fraction, and decreased end-systolic elastance.CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results are the first to indicate that flagellin has the ability to trigger cardiac innate immune responses and to acutely depress myocardial contractility.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Flagellin', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myoblasts, Cardiac', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'NF-kappa B', 'Rats', 'Salmonella', 'Salmonella Infections', 'Shock, Septic', 'Toll-Like Receptor 5']
| 20,856,884
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D12.776.097.380'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A07.541.704.500', 'A10.690.552.750.500', 'A11.872.620.470'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lapaquistat acetate: development of a squalene synthase inhibitor for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Lapaquistat acetate is a squalene synthase inhibitor investigated for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.METHODS AND RESULTS: This report summarizes the phase 2 and 3 results from the lapaquistat clinical program, which was halted at an advanced stage as a result of potential hepatic safety issues. Efficacy and safety data were pooled from 12 studies (n=6151). These were 6- to 96-week randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo- or active-controlled trials with lapaquistat monotherapy or coadministration with other lipid-altering drugs in dyslipidemic patients, including a large (n=2121) 96-week safety study. All studies included lapaquistat 100 mg daily; 5 included 50 mg; and 1 included 25 mg. The main outcome measures were the percent change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, secondary lipid/metabolic parameters, and overall safety. Lapaquistat 100 mg significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 21.6% in monotherapy and by 18.0% in combination with a statin. It also reduced other cardiovascular risk markers, such as C-reactive protein. Total adverse events were higher for lapaquistat than placebo, although individual events were generally similar. At 100 mg, there was an increase in alanine aminotransferase value ?3 times the upper limit of normal on ?2 consecutive visits (2.0% versus 0.3% for placebo in the pooled efficacy studies; 2.7% versus 0.7% for low-dose atorvastatin in the long-term study). Two patients receiving lapaquistat 100 mg met the Hy Law criteria of alanine aminotransferase elevation plus increased total bilirubin.CONCLUSIONS: Squalene synthase inhibition with lapaquistat acetate, alone or in combination with statins, effectively lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. Elevations in alanine aminotransferase, combined with a rare increase in bilirubin, presented potential hepatic safety issues, resulting in termination of development. The lapaquistat experience illustrates the current challenges in lipid-altering drug development.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00487994, NCT00143663, NCT00143676, NCT00864643, NCT00263081, NCT00286481, NCT00249899, NCT00249912, NCT00813527, NCT00256178, NCT00268697, and NCT00251680.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic', 'Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic', 'Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Liver Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxazepines', 'Piperidines', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 21,518,985
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.210', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.210', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.210'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.220', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.220', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.220'], ['D08.811.913.225.431'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['C06.552'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.066.498'], ['D03.383.621'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension.
|
Schistosomiasis mansoni is the third most prevalent endemic parasitic disease in the world. It is estimated that over 200 million people are infected with parasites belonging to one of the Schistosoma species. Of those, 270,000 people (4.6%) suffer from pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is associated with the hepatosplenic form of the disease. This high prevalence makes schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension the leading cause of pulmonary hypertension worldwide. However, no specific treatment for the pulmonary vascular component of the disease has yet been devised. We report the case of a patient with schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension who was treated satisfactorily with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (sildenafil).
|
['Adult', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors', 'Piperazines', 'Purines', 'Schistosomiasis', 'Sildenafil Citrate', 'Sulfones', 'Walking']
| 21,537,664
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['D27.505.519.389.735.500'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['C01.610.335.865.859', 'C01.920.922'], ['D02.065.884.675', 'D02.886.590.700.675', 'D03.383.606.854', 'D03.633.100.759.824'], ['D02.886.590'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Microwave transurethral thermotherapy in the treatment of prostatic adenoma].
|
We report 195 patients with prostatic adenoma treated with microwave transurethral thermotherapy. All patients were initially subjected to a clinical assessment including Madsen-Iversen symptom score, digital rectal examination, measurement of urine flow rate and residual urine volume, transrectal prostatic ultrasound examination and blood prostate specific antigen determination. A prostatron machine was used, installing an urethral probe under local anesthesia. Endourethral and rectal temperatures were simultaneously measured and the procedure was controlled by a special software. The treatment was performed in an outpatient basis with a single procedures that lasted 60 min. Of 31 patients with chronic urinary retention, 28 were left voiding spontaneously, without urethral catheters and 84% of 164 symptomatic patients were relieved. No complications occurred, although 31.1% of patients has a transitory urinary retention after the procedure. It is concluded that microwave thermotherapy is a good therapeutic alternative for prostatic adenoma.
|
['Aged', 'Diathermy', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Microwaves', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 7,528,937
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.565.280'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.565'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Steroid metabolism in pregnant hamster. II. The metabolism of androgens by the hamster placenta.
|
The biotransformation of [4-14C] labelled dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and androstenedione by quartered placentae of 12 and 15 day pregnant hamsters was investigated in vitro. The above androgens were extensively metabolized by placental preparations and resulting products were identified by chromatographic and isotope dilution methods. The formation of 7 alpha-hydroxy-androstenedione, testosterone, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one, androstenedione, 5alpha-androstanedione and 5 beta-androstanedione was demonstrated from androstenedione and testosterone. In addition to the above steroids 7 alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone was also formed in the incubations with dehydroepiandrosterone. Androstenedione was the main metabolite formed from each precursor at day 12 of gestation, while only trace amount of testosterone was detected. The most active enzymes in androgens metabolism in the hamster placenta at the second stage of gestation were 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with delta 5 leads to 4 isomerase. Other enzymes present in the hamster placenta were 3 alpha and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and delta 4-5 alpha- and delta 4-5 beta-reductase. 7 alpha-hydroxylase was demonstrated for the first time in the animal placenta. The activity of 7 alpha-hydroxylase increased at the end of gestation while that of delta-5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase decreased markedly. Aromatase activity was absent in the hamster placenta.
|
['Androgens', 'Androstenedione', 'Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'Etiocholanolone', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mesocricetus', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Testosterone']
| 6,455,287
|
[['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.329', 'D04.210.500.578.502.112', 'D06.472.040.502.112', 'D06.472.334.851.968.875'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400', 'D06.472.040.502.400', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.368', 'D04.210.500.578.502.583', 'D06.472.040.502.583', 'D06.472.334.851.968.968'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Down-regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor production from cartilage by excessive mechanical stress.
|
BACKGROUND: We examined the effect of excessive stress on the production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by bovine cartilage.METHODS: Bovine articular carpal bone was harvested and cut into 1 cm thick slices horizontally. Continuous compressive stress (0, 2, 20 MPa) was loaded on the cartilage of the carpal bone using a stainless-steel cylinder with a diameter of 8 mm for 1 h. The slices were cultured immediately after compression, and the supernatant of the culture medium was collected for bFGF and nitric oxide (NO) measurement. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) or N(G)-monoethyl-L: -arginine (L: -NMEA) was added to the culture medium in some experiments.RESULTS: Basic FGF production was significantly increased after 36 h of cultivation without mechanical stress (0.40 +/- 0.03 microg/ml). In contrast, the bFGF concentration was not increased by compressive stress of 20 MPa after 36 h of cultivation. An NO inhibitor, L: -NMEA, did not alter the effect of compressive stress on the production of bFGF. IL-4 reduced the production of bFGF by cartilage with or without mechanical stress.CONCLUSIONS: Excessive stress on cartilage inhibits the production of bFGF in an NO-independent manner, and IL-4 plays an important role in the reduction of bFGF.
|
['Animals', 'Carpal Joints', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cattle', 'Down-Regulation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tissue Culture Techniques', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']
| 16,307,186
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.583.405.174'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G01.374.835'], ['E05.481.500.617'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Randomized trial to reduce emergency visits or hospital admissions using telephone coaching to complex patients.
|
Background: Comorbidity remains a matter of international interest, given growing prevalence of chronic conditions.Objective: To evaluate the impact that adding a telephone coaching intervention by a family physician to usual care has on reducing resource consumption and improving health status, caregiver burden and quality of life among complex chronic patients (CCP) compared with usual care.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on a random sample of CCP from three primary care teams in Barcelona. Patients were randomly allocated into intervention or control groups. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and after six-month follow-up. Intervention patients were phoned twice a month by a family physician. Both groups received usual care. Primary endpoint was change in total number of urgent visits per patient. Secondary endpoints were changes in health and mental status, quality of life and caregiver burden.Results: Hundred and sixty-one CCP were included. During follow-up, 9 patients died and 2 were lost. At baseline, patients' characteristics and resource consumption were similar for both groups. After six months, urgent visits per patient decreased in intervention (1.27 baseline versus 0.89 follow-up, P = 0.091) and control (1.06 baseline versus 0.86 follow-up, P = 0.422) groups, mean difference 0.18 [confidence interval (CI) 95% -0.48 to 0.84]. Intervention patients improved in the physical component of the SF-12 questionnaire, while worsening in control patients, mean difference 4.71 (CI 95% -9.03 to -0.41). Differences were not found in the rest of the endpoints.Conclusion: The intervention did not reduce urgent visits among CCP neither improved patient's health.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Case Management', 'Chronic Disease', 'Comorbidity', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Admission', 'Physicians, Family', 'Quality of Life', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Spain', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Telephone']
| 27,920,119
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N04.590.233.624.250'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['L01.178.847.698']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Drug-drug interaction between crizotinib and entecavir via renal secretory transporter OCT2.
|
Both entecavir and crizotinib are substrates of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2). The aim of present study was to investigate the mechanisms of drug interactions between these two drugs. Kinetic analysis of entecavir on crizotinib uptake was conduct. Plasma concentration of crizotinib in rats and lung cancer patients, uptake of crizotinib in kidney slices and OCT2 transfected cells, were determined by LC-MS/MS. The clinical pharmacokinetic interactions and impact on adverse reaction of crizotinib in lung cancer patients were investigated. Steady-state through concentration of crizotinib was measured. The crizotinib-related adverse reactions were recorded in lung cancer patients with and without entecavir. Entecavir and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide significantly inhibited the uptake of crizotinib in kidney slices. Kinetic constants for crizotinib uptake by OCT2 were Km 1.16 ± 0.26 µM, Vmax 12.05 ± 0.53 µmol/min mg-1 protein and Ki 9.711 nM. Entecavir can inhibit crizotinib transport by OCT2 in kidney. Co-administration of entecavir significantly reduced the elimination of crizotinib in rats. In lung cancer patients, the steady-state AUCss of crizotinib increased approximately 1.2 fold (p < 0.05) but clearance was decreased by approximately 15% in the presence of entecavir. Steady-state through concentration of crizotinib significantly increased 1.3-fold when co-administrated with entecavir (p>0.001). Co-medication of entecavir significantly (p < 0.05) increased the risks of vision disorders, diarrhea and vomiting 1.6-, 2.3- and 1.8-fold. Entecavir could increase the exposure and reduce the elimination of crizotinib in lung cancer patients. Moreover, the presence of entecavir could significantly increase the incidences of adverse reaction of crizotinib.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Crizotinib', 'Drug Interactions', 'Guanine', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Organic Cation Transporter 2', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 31,740,393
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D03.383.621.154', 'D03.383.725.050.263'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812.625', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812.625', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The efficacy of acarbose in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jamaica.
|
The efficacy and tolerability of acarbose was studied in type 2 diabetic patients eating a typical Jamaican diet. The study was an open label parallel group study without placebo control. Of the 51 subjects recruited, five (9.8%) did not complete the study and were excluded from further analysis. Six (13%) of the remaining 46 had adverse side effects and did not complete the protocol. Of the remaining 40 (Gp A), acarbose was added to their previous regime of diet alone (n = 15), [Gp B], oral hypoglycaemic agents, OHAs (n = 17), [Gp C], or insulin (n = 8), Gp D]. In addition, during the run-in period all subjects had one session each with a dietitian and a diabetes educator. Over a 3-month period, significant reductions in average glucose (mmol) were observed in Gp B 10.5 +/- 1.1 to 8.4 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.027) and, from 11.0 +/- 1.0 to 8.7 +/- 0.7 (p < 0.01) in Gp C. Similarly, total glycosylated haemoglobin fell from 14.8 +/- 1.1% to 12.2 +/- 1.0% (p < 0.016) in Gp B, from 14.9 +/- 1.1 to 11.9 +/- 1.1% (p < 0.002) in Gp C, and from 14.1 +/- 1.4 to 11.8 +/- 1.4 (p < 0.02) in Gp D. Twenty-three per cent (23%) of the patients experienced flatulence; 7.5%, changes in bowel habits and 5%, abdominal cramps and discomfort. Acarbose is effective as monotherapy and as combination therapy with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin. Side effects were common, but tolerable.
|
['Acarbose', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diet', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Flatulence', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Jamaica', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,211,536
|
[['D09.698.629.802.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C23.888.821.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['Z01.107.084.900.525', 'Z01.639.880.525'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Endovascular repair of a Streptococcus pneumonia-induced aortitis complicated by an iliacocaval fistula.
|
PURPOSE: To describe the successful endovascular treatment and follow-up of a patient with a Streptococcus pneumonia-induced right iliacocaval fistula.CASE REPORT: A 82-year-old man was diagnosed with a right iliacocaval fistula, as a result of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of the distal aorta and proximal right common iliac artery. After antibiotic treatment, he was initially unsuccessfully treated with balloon expandable covered stents. Then, the fistula was excluded by an aortamonoiliac endograft to the left common iliac artery, and occluders in the distal and proximal right common iliac artery followed by a femoral-femoral crossover bypass. Postoperatively patient was treated with prolonged antibiotics. After a follow-up of 20 months, there are no signs of active infection, endoleak, or fistula, both clinically and on 2-deoxy-2-[F18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.CONCLUSION: In selected patients, complicated infectious disease of the aorto-iliac tract may be treated successfully with an endograft and prolonged antibiotics.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Aortitis', 'Arteriovenous Fistula', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Stents', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']
| 22,956,511
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C14.907.109.320', 'C14.907.940.080'], ['C14.240.850.750.147', 'C14.240.850.984.750', 'C14.907.150.125', 'C14.907.933.555', 'C16.131.240.850.750.125', 'C23.300.575.950.250'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A07.015.908.949.648']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Choroidal Microvascular Dropout in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the presence of choroidal microvascular dropout (CMvD) in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: Thirty-six POAG eyes (36 patients) and 28 PACG eyes (28 patients) underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Presence of CMvD was evaluated on choroidal OCTA slabs. Visual field (VF) defects in the glaucoma eyes were classified into initial nasal defect (IND), initial parafoveal scotoma (IPFS), and combined nasal and parafoveal defect, and the association between type of VF defect and CMvD was evaluated.RESULTS: CMvD was detected in 21 POAG (58.3%) and 10 PACG (35.7%) eyes (P = .07). CMvD in POAG eyes was associated with pretreatment intraocular pressure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91/mm Hg higher intraocular pressure, P = .06), VF mean deviation (MD, OR = 0.75/dB higher MD, P = .007), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (OR = 0.92/ìm increase in thickness, P = .02), and peripapillary vessel density (OR = 0.80/unit increase in density, P = .01). CMvD in PACG eyes was associated only with VF MD (OR = 0.90/dB higher MD, P = .05). When analyzed in the entire cohort of glaucoma patients (64 eyes), CMvD was significantly associated with POAG (OR > 3.5, P < .05) after accounting for glaucoma severity. CMvD was seen in 6 of 7 eyes with IPFS and 1 of 13 with IND in the POAG group (P < .05) and 1 of 2 eyes with IPFS and 0 of 10 with IND in the PACG group (P < .05).CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of CMvD was significantly lower in PACG compared to POAG. As in POAG, CMvD in PACG was associated with advanced VF damage and with IPFS on VF.
|
['Aged', 'Choroid', 'Ciliary Arteries', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Glaucoma, Angle-Closure', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Microvessels', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Disk', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Visual Field Tests', 'Visual Fields']
| 30,552,893
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A09.371.894.223'], ['A07.015.114.248'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['C11.525.381.056'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['A07.015.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.370.380.750'], ['E01.370.380.850.962'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Infertility and breast cancer: a population-based case-control study.
|
To investigate whether a history of infertility affects a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, the authors analyzed case-control data collected between 1980 and 1982 as part of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. The 4,730 cases were women aged 20-54 years with a first diagnosis of breast cancer ascertained from eight population-based cancer registries; the 4,688 controls were women randomly selected from the general population of these same eight areas. After controlling for age, age at first birth, and parity, the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer associated with infertility was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.15) among gravid women. Controlling for age, the odds ratio was 0.82 (95% CI 0.59-1.14) among nulligravid women. Women who reported that the reason for their infertility was a problem with their ovaries had a risk similar to that for women without a history of infertility (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.48-1.24). Women whose physicians reported that the reason for their infertility was anovulation or Stein-Leventhal syndrome also had risks similar to those for women without a history of infertility (OR = 1.26 (95% CI 0.67-2.34) and OR = 1.13 (95% CI 0.46-2.78), respectively). Menopausal status, age at menarche, history of spontaneous abortions, drinking or smoking behavior, use of exogenous hormones, or family history of breast cancer did not appreciably alter the observed odds ratios. If infertility has an effect on breast cancer that is independent of age at first birth, then the effect is small.
|
['Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Medical Records', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors']
| 2,403,111
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mixed reflux of gastric and duodenal juices is more harmful to the esophagus than gastric juice alone. The need for surgical therapy re-emphasized.
|
OBJECTIVE: The author's goal was to determine the role of duodenal components in the development of complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease.SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: There is a disturbing increase in the prevalence of complications, specifically the development of Barrett's esophagus among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Earlier studies using pH monitoring and aspiration techniques have shown that increased esophageal exposure to fluid with a pH above 7, that is, of potential duodenal origin, may be an important factor in this phenomenon.METHODS: The presence of duodenal content in the esophagus was studied in 53 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease confirmed by 24-hour pH monitoring. A portable spectrophotometer (Bilitec 2000, Synectics, Inc.) with a fiberoptic probe was used to measure intraluminal bilirubin as a marker for duodenal juice in the esophagus. Normal values for bilirubin monitoring were established for 25 healthy subjects. In a subgroup of 22 patients, a custom-made program was used to correlate simultaneous pH and bilirubin absorbance readings.RESULTS: Fifty-eight percent of patients were found to have increased esophageal exposure to gastric and duodenal juices. The degree of mucosal damage increased when duodenal juice was refluxed into the esophagus, in that patients with Barrett's metaplasia (n = 27) had a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal esophageal bilirubin exposure than did those with erosive esophagitis (n = 10) or with no injury (n = 16). They also had a greater esophageal bilirubin exposure compared with patients without Barrett's changes, with or without esophagitis. The correlation of pH and bilirubin monitoring showed that the majority (87%) of esophageal bilirubin exposure occurred when the pH of the esophagus was between 4 and 7.CONCLUSIONS: Reflux of duodenal juice in gastroesophageal reflux disease is more common than pH studies alone would suggest. The combined reflux of gastric and duodenal juices causes severe esophageal mucosal damage. The vast majority of duodenal reflux occurs at a pH range of 4 to 7, at which bile acids, the major component of duodenal juice, are capable of damaging the esophageal mucosa.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Barrett Esophagus', 'Bilirubin', 'Duodenogastric Reflux', 'Esophagitis, Peptic', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Ambulatory']
| 7,574,932
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.834.154', 'C06.405.117.102'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['C06.405.469.275.700', 'C06.405.748.240'], ['C06.405.117.620.420', 'C06.405.205.663.420', 'C06.405.469.275.800.523', 'C06.405.748.586.524'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical and molecular insights into Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in China.
|
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by spontaneous mucocutaneous bleeding. The disorder is caused by quantitative or qualitative defects in integrin áIIbâ3 (encoded by ITGA2B and ITGB3) on the platelet and is more common in consanguineous populations. However, the prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of GT in non-consanguineous populations have been unclear. We analyzed 97 patients from 93 families with GT in the Han population in China. This analysis showed lower consanguinity (18.3%) in Han patients than other ethnic populations in GT-prone countries. Compared with other ethnic populations, there was no significant difference in the distribution of GT types. Han females suffered more severe bleeding and had a poorer prognosis. We identified a total of 43 different ITGA2B and ITGB3 variants, including 25 previously unidentified, in 45 patients. These variants included 14 missense, 4 nonsense, 4 frameshift, and 3 splicing site variants. Patients with the same genotype generally manifested the same GT type but presented with different bleeding severities. This suggests that GT clinical phenotype does not solely depend on genotype. Our study provides an initial, yet important, clinical and molecular characterization of GT heterogeneity in China.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Platelets', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Female', 'Frameshift Mutation', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Integrin alpha2', 'Integrin beta3', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Thrombasthenia', 'Young Adult']
| 29,675,921
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G05.365.590.265'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.350'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['C15.378.100.100.820', 'C15.378.140.810', 'C15.378.463.810', 'C16.320.099.820'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Excessive proliferation of peripelvic fat of the kidney.
|
Excessive proliferation of the peripelvic fat of the kidney (EPPF) is a benign process with an innocuous effect on the patient. However, this condition may assume major clinical significance by producing pyelocalyceal deformities that may be mistaken for true renal masses. Rarely, EPPF may masquerade as a renal pelvic tumor. We present the second reported case of EPPF simulating a renal pelvic tumor and review the history as well as the characteristic radiographic and sonographic features of this condition.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Aged', 'Atrophy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Kidney Pelvis', 'Lipomatosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Necrosis', 'Tomography, X-Ray', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urography']
| 675,899
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['A05.810.453.537'], ['C17.800.463', 'C18.452.584.718'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E01.370.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glycemic variation and hypoglycemia in patients with well-controlled type 1 diabetes on a multiple daily insulin injection program with use of glargine and ultralente as basal insulin.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate glycemic variation and hypoglycemia in patients with well-controlled type 1 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injections during glargine and Ultralente use as basal insulin in a clinical trial.METHODS: Twenty-two patients (12 men and 10 women; median age, 43 years), with a hemoglobin A1c level <7.8%, were randomized in a crossover design to receive either insulin glargine or Ultralente insulin as basal insulin for 4 months each, with insulin aspart as prandial insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring and the Fear of Hypoglycemia questionnaire were used at baseline and at the end of each treatment period.RESULTS: Whereas the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions showed a correlation with the area under the curve of blood glucose <3.89 mmol/L per day, the number of periods during the day with hypoglycemia was significantly correlated with the M value. Measures of glycemic variation did not differ significantly between glargine and Ultralente treatment. With use of glargine therapy, the SD of blood glucose levels showed a tendency to be lower and the SD of nocturnal blood glucose concentrations was significantly lower. Glucose concentrations were significantly lower during the 1 hour before and the 3 hours after lunch with use of Ultralente. The "Worry" scale on the Fear of Hypoglycemia questionnaire was less during Ultralente therapy and correlated with the number of times blood glucose concentrations were <3.89 mmol/L daily.CONCLUSION: Measures of glycemic variability and hypoglycemia need to be studied more in clinical trials of glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. Glycemic variability is less, particularly at night, with glargine as basal insulin.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Glargine', 'Insulin, Long-Acting', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Single-Blind Method']
| 17,599,855
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.100', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.100'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Insertional mutagenesis affecting programmed cell death leads to thymic hyperplasia and altered thymopoiesis.
|
The mouse mutant Ft displays thymic hyperplasia and fused toes (Ft) of the forelimbs. Both phenotypic abnormalities are caused by transgene insertion in the D region of chromosome 8. While the forelimb defect is probably caused by developmentally dysregulated programmed cell death, the mechanism underlying thymic hyperplasia has not been characterized. In this work, we show that expansion of the thymocyte compartment progresses with time, is polyclonal, and affects all major thymocyte subsets, including the earliest CD4-8- subset, i.e., CD44+ CD25- cells; hyperplasia is not an autonomous property of mutant T cells, but is caused indirectly by a primary defect in thymic stromal. The rate of cell division and the cell turnover of immature CD4-8- and CD4+8+ thymocytes under steady state conditions are not altered in hyperplastic Ft thymi. Immature CD4+8+ thymocytes of mutant mice, however, are less susceptible to induction in vitro of programmed cell death by different modes (TCR cross-linking, cortisone, or radiation). Increased production of thymocytes results in increased export of T cells, yet the size and composition of the peripheral T cell pool are normal. Overproduction of immature CD4+8+ thymocytes is offset partly by a reduced conversion rate of CD4+8+ double positive to single positive thymocyte growth control by epithelial cells, and may serve as a model to study the regulation of early thymopoiesis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary', 'Homeostasis', 'Hyperplasia', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mice, SCID', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Radiation Chimera', 'Stromal Cells', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland']
| 8,598,454
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.152.825.463', 'G09.188.343.463'], ['G07.410'], ['C23.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['B05.200.750.760', 'G12.470.500'], ['A11.329.830'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap-Eye in eyes with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, prospective, controlled trial.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighty-nine eyes with macular edema secondary to CRVO.METHODS: Eyes were randomized 3:2 to receive VEGF Trap-Eye 2 mg or sham injection monthly for 6 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of eyes with a ?15-letter gain or more in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at week 24 (primary efficacy end point), mean changes in BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT), and proportion of eyes progressing to neovascularization of the anterior segment, optic disc, or elsewhere in the retina.RESULTS: At week 24, 56.1% of VEGF Trap-Eye treated eyes gained 15 letters or more from baseline versus 12.3% of sham-treated eyes (P<0.001). The VEGF Trap-Eye treated eyes gained a mean of 17.3 letters versus sham-treated eyes, which lost 4.0 letters (P<0.001). Central retinal thickness decreased by 457.2 ìm in eyes treated with VEGF Trap-Eye versus 144.8 ìm in sham-treated eyes (P<0.001), and progression to any neovascularization occurred in 0 and 5 (6.8%) of eyes treated with VEGF Trap-Eye and sham-treated eyes, respectively (P = 0.006). Conjunctival hemorrhage, reduced visual acuity, and eye pain were the most common adverse events (AEs). Serious ocular AEs were reported by 3.5% of VEGF Trap-Eye patients and 13.5% of sham patients. Incidences of nonocular serious AEs generally were well balanced between both groups.CONCLUSIONS: At 24 weeks, monthly intravitreal injection of VEGF Trap-Eye 2 mg in eyes with macular edema resulting from CRVO improved visual acuity and CRT, eliminated progression resulting from neovascularization, and was associated with a low rate of ocular AEs related to treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Eye Pain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Macular Edema', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Acuity']
| 22,440,275
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['C11.300.500', 'C23.888.307.625', 'C23.888.592.612.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['C11.768.585.439.245'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PTEN protein expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma.
|
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is associated with poor prognosis and despite recent advances in chemotherapy, the median survival is still approximately 12 months. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression may lead to constitutive activation of AKT resulting in cell survival and proliferation. Small studies reported that PTEN protein expression is rarely lost in mesothelioma whilst a larger study demonstrated prognostic significance of PTEN protein expression status with absence in 62 % of cases. We aimed to analyse PTEN protein expression in mesothelioma. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 86 archival mesothelioma samples to determine the PTEN protein expression status and statistical analysis was performed to identify any prognostic significance. Mesothelial cells in normal pleura demonstrated positive staining for PTEN protein and served as a positive reference. For mesothelioma samples, the expression of PTEN protein was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (intensity less than that of positive normal pleura reference slide) and 2 (intensity equal to or greater than positive normal pleura reference slide). A total of 23/86 (26.7 %) scored 0, 23/86 (26.7 %) scored 1 and 40/86 (46.5 %) scored 2 for PTEN expression. Univariate analysis demonstrated that lack of PTEN expression was not associated with survival. PTEN protein expression was undetectable in 26.7 % of mesothelioma samples; however, no prognostic significance was identified. Absence of PTEN protein may result in activation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway. Targeting this pathway with inhibitors further downstream of PTEN may provide a potential therapeutic target in selected patients.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Mesothelioma', 'Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate']
| 23,242,608
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['C04.557.470'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.850', 'D12.776.476.590', 'D12.776.624.776.695'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Riluzole stimulates nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor synthesis in cultured mouse astrocytes.
|
Riluzole is an antiexcitotoxic agent used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and reported to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and brain ischemia. We investigated the effects of riluzole on synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in cultured mouse astrocytes. The protein and mRNA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Treatment with riluzole at 100 microg/ml (426 microM) for 24 h increased the contents of NGF, BDNF, and GDNF in the culture medium 109-fold, 2.0-fold and 3.1-fold over the control, respectively. The drug-induced relative mRNA levels of NGF, BDNF, and GDNF were 7.3-fold at 2 h, 2.1-fold at 4 h, and 1.9-fold at 2 h, respectively. These results indicate that riluzole stimulates synthesis of NGF, BDNF and GDNF in cultured astrocytes. Riluzole might exert neuroprotective effects, at least in part, via stimulation of neurotrophic factors.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Riluzole']
| 11,585,581
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.860.381.500', 'D12.776.467.860.381.500', 'D12.776.631.600.381.500', 'D23.529.850.381.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D02.886.675.651', 'D03.383.129.708.089.611', 'D03.633.100.185.611']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Reconstruction of tibial exposure with local muscular flap, VSD and skin transplantation].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment for tibial exposure wounds.METHODS: 39 patients with tibial exposure wounds were divided into three groups according to the exposure location (upper, medium and below). The local muscular flaps were designed to cover the tibial exposure, followed by skin grafts and VSD. VSD was removed one week later.RESULTS: All the muscular flap and skin graft survived. Mild epidermis erosion happened in 2 cases, which healed spontaneously after dressing. The patients were followed up for 3-6 months with good healing and no walking malfunction.CONCLUSIONS: The local muscular flap combined with skin graft and VSD is a simple and effective method for tibial exposure wound with short healing time and high successful rate.
|
['Humans', 'Lacerations', 'Skin', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Tibia', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wound Healing']
| 26,665,928
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.540'], ['A17.815'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Modern mosaic analysis in the zebrafish.
|
One of the most powerful tools used to gain insight into complex developmental processes is the analysis of mosaic embryos. A mosaic is defined as an organism that contains cells of more than one genotype, usually wild-type and mutant. It is the interplay between wild-type and mutant cells in the mosaic that reveals information about the normal function of the mutated gene. Mosaic analysis has been utilized extensively in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mice, and zebrafish to elucidate when, where, and how a gene acts during development. In the zebrafish, mosaic analysis has been used to dissect a number of different developmental processes, including gastrulation movements, mesoderm and endoderm specification, neuronal patterning and migration, axon pathfinding, angiogenesis, and cardiac, retinal, and neural crest development. Mosaic analysis is a particularly effective method for understanding gene function in the zebrafish, a model organism particularly suited to forward genetic, molecular, and classical embryological approaches. These attributes, when combined with the accessibility and optical clarity of the zebrafish embryo, facilitate the real time observation of individual cell behaviors and interactions within mosaic embryos.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Transplantation', 'Chimera', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Mosaicism', 'Signal Transduction', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 16,829,130
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['E02.095.147.500', 'E04.936.225'], ['B05.200'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['E05.393.420'], ['G05.365.590.175.595'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Upregulation of rat Ccnd1 gene by exendin-4 in pancreatic beta cell line INS-1: interaction of early growth response-1 with cis-regulatory element.
|
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 on the expression of cyclin D1 gene (Ccnd1), which is critical in regulating the progression of the cell cycle in INS-1 cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS: INS-1 cells were stimulated with exendin-4 (10 nmol/l). Transient transfection and luciferase reporter assays were performed to measure promoter activities of rat Ccnd1. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the binding of transcription factors to sites responsive to exendin-4 in vitro and in vivo, respectively.RESULTS: Exendin-4 increased both Ccnd1 mRNA and its protein levels in a time-dependent manner. The region from -174 to +130 of the promoter was found to contain cis-regulatory elements responsible for exendin-4-mediated gene induction. Early growth response-1 (EGR1) protein was bound to the region from -153 to -134, which includes the putative EGR1 binding site (5'-CACCCCCGC-3'). Moreover, exendin-4 recruited EGR1 protein to the promoter in vivo.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest that exendin-4 activates Ccnd1 transcription through induction of EGR1 binding to a cis-regulatory element between -153 and -134 on the rat Ccnd1 promoter. These results provide an important indication that exendin-4 is a growth factor regulating beta cell proliferation.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cyclin D', 'Cyclins', 'Exenatide', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Insulinoma', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Peptides', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Venoms']
| 16,547,599
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.360.262.150', 'D12.776.167.218.150', 'D12.776.476.262.150'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['D12.644.187', 'D20.888.300', 'D23.946.833.300'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.035.100.852', 'C04.588.274.761.249.500', 'C04.588.322.475.249.500', 'C06.301.761.249.500', 'C06.689.667.249.500', 'C19.344.421.249.500'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['A12.200.935', 'D20.888', 'D23.946.833']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vascular smooth muscle oxygen consumption is reversibly stimulated by sera from women with preeclampsia.
|
OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy that causes maternal vasoconstriction and hypertension. The disease may progress to eclampsia, which is thought to be related to cerebral vasospasm. Although there is evidence for more than one circulating factor that causes endothelial cell dysfunction in preeclampsia, little work has focused on the possibility that vascular smooth muscle function might be directly stimulated by a circulating factor. The aim of this study was to determine whether such a factor or factors could be detected by the vessels.STUDY DESIGN: Excessive vascular smooth muscle oxygen consumption was used as a screen for metabolic stimulation because pathologic arterial constriction would require oxidative metabolism to generate adenosine triphosphate. De-endothelialized porcine carotid artery (a well-validated model of human arterial contractile function) was exposed to sera from patients with preeclampsia (1:30 dilution) in a sealed chamber with an oxygen electrode, and the rate of oxygen consumption by the tissue was measured. Comparisons with the effects of sera from matched normal pregnant patients and from nonpregnant women were made.RESULTS: Exposure of vascular smooth muscle to sera from women with preeclampsia for 90 minutes resulted in greater oxygen consumption by the tissue (0.66 +/- 0.16 micromol O2 /min per gram of dry weight) than did exposure to sera of matched pregnant and nonpregnant control subjects (0.34 +/- 0.08 micromol O2 /min per gram of dry weight, P <.001, and 0.29 +/- 0.03 micromol O2 /min per gram of dry weight, P <.001, respectively). This stimulation was completely reversed by rinsing.CONCLUSIONS: There is a factor in the circulation of women with preeclampsia that has the reversible effect on vascular smooth muscle of accelerating oxygen consumption. We discuss the implications of this observation in terms of known aspects of vascular smooth muscle contractile function.
|
['Animals', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Swine']
| 9,855,592
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['G03.680'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Whipworm genome and dual-species transcriptome analyses provide molecular insights into an intimate host-parasite interaction.
|
Whipworms are common soil-transmitted helminths that cause debilitating chronic infections in man. These nematodes are only distantly related to Caenorhabditis elegans and have evolved to occupy an unusual niche, tunneling through epithelial cells of the large intestine. We report here the whole-genome sequences of the human-infective Trichuris trichiura and the mouse laboratory model Trichuris muris. On the basis of whole-transcriptome analyses, we identify many genes that are expressed in a sex- or life stage-specific manner and characterize the transcriptional landscape of a morphological region with unique biological adaptations, namely, bacillary band and stichosome, found only in whipworms and related parasites. Using RNA sequencing data from whipworm-infected mice, we describe the regulated T helper 1 (TH1)-like immune response of the chronically infected cecum in unprecedented detail. In silico screening identified numerous new potential drug targets against trichuriasis. Together, these genomes and associated functional data elucidate key aspects of the molecular host-parasite interactions that define chronic whipworm infection.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genome, Helminth', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Phylogeny', 'Species Specificity', 'Th1 Cells', 'Trichuriasis', 'Trichuris']
| 24,929,830
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.337'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G16.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['C01.610.335.508.100.275.895'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.100.275.780.628']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Depleted tumor suppressor miR-107 in plasma relates to tumor progression and is a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
|
This study explored decreased tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) plasma levels in pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients to clarify their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We used the microRNA array-based approach to select candidates by comparing plasma levels between PCa patients and healthy volunteers. Six down-regulated miRNAs (miR-107, miR-126, miR-451, miR-145, miR-491-5p, and miR-146b-5p) were selected. Small- and large-scale analyses using samples from 100 PCa patients and 80 healthy volunteers revealed that miR-107 was the most down-regulated miRNA in PCa patients compared with healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.851). A low miR-107 plasma level was significantly associated with advanced T stage, N stage, and liver metastasis and was an independent factor predicting poor prognosis in PCa patients (P = 0.0424; hazard ratio, 2.95). miR-107 overexpression in PCa cells induced G1/S arrest with the production of p21 and inhibited cell proliferation through the transcriptional regulation of Notch2. In vivo, the restoration and maintenance of the miR-107 plasma level significantly inhibited tumor progression in mice. Depletion of the tumor suppressor miR-107 in plasma relates to tumor progression and poor outcomes. The restoration of the plasma miR-107 level might be a novel anticancer treatment strategy for PCa.
|
['Aged', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice, SCID', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis']
| 28,720,759
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101.140'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Carcase composition of Taiwan simulated native chickens.
|
This study investigated the carcase composition of Taiwan simulated native chickens at different stages of growth. The results indicated that the carcases of male chickens exhibited significantly larger protein mass and water mass than those of females during weeks 7 to 20; as was the ash mass during weeks 8 to 20. However, the fat mass of the carcases of female chickens was larger than that of males during weeks 14 to 20. Separate regression equations were derived for the relationship between protein mass, fat mass, ash mass and water mass and both carcase weight and age of both male and female chickens.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Body Composition', 'Chickens', 'Energy Intake', 'Fats', 'Female', 'Male', 'Meat', 'Proteins', 'Random Allocation', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Taiwan', 'Water']
| 10,504,104
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['D10.212'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G08.686.815'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Vitamin D can ameliorate chlorhexidine gluconate-induced peritoneal fibrosis and functional deterioration through the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can induce fibrosis and functional alterations in PD patients' peritoneal membranes, due to long-term unphysiological dialysate exposure, partially occurring via triggering of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in peritoneal mesothelial cells (MCs). Vitamin D can ameliorate these negative effects; however, the mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated its possible links to MCs EMT inhibition.METHODS: Peritoneal fibrosis was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) intraperitoneal injection for 21 days, with and without 1á,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Morphological and functional evaluation and western blot analysis of EMT marker were performed upon peritoneum tissue. In vitro study was also performed in a primary human peritoneal MC culture system; MCs were incubated with transforming growth factor-â1 (TGF-â1) in the absence or presence of 1á,25(OH)2D3. EMT marker expression, migration activities, and cytoskeleton redistribution of MCs were determined.RESULTS: 1á,25(OH)2D3 ameliorated CG-induced morphological and functional deterioration in animal model, along with CG-induced upregulation of á-SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin expression. Meanwhile, 1á,25(OH)2D3 also ameliorated TGF-â1-induced decrease in E-cadherin expression, increase in Snai1 and á-SMA expression, intracellular F-actin redistribution, and migration activity in vitro.CONCLUSION: 1á,25(OH)2D3 can ameliorate CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis and attenuate functional deterioration through inhibiting MC EMT.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Fibrosis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vitamin D']
| 26,495,304
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G04.356.500'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.844.610', 'C23.550.355.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of water adsorption onto carbonaceous materials produced from food wastes.
|
The recycling of organic wastes has become very important and the development of technology for recycling organic wastes needs to sustain industrial development. In this study, techniques for producing carbonaceous materials from organic wastes are described and water adsorption is characterized. The organic wastes used are coffee grounds and oolong tea leaves carbonized at 673 to 1073 K. The iodine adsorption capacity of the carbonaceous materials increased with increased carbonization temperature. The amount of water adsorbed onto the carbonization materials produced from oolong tea leaves at 873 K for 2 h was the highest. The Freundlich constant 1/n and the differential heat of adsorption of the carbonaceous materials produced from oolong tea leaves were greater than that of the carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds. The ability to humidity control can be estimated by the difference between the amount of water adsorbed relative pressure 0.90 and that at relative pressure 0.55. The ability to humidity control was the greatest for the carbonaceous materials produced from the oolong tea leaves at 873 K for 2 h and did not depend upon the adsorption temperature. These results indicated that the carbonaceous materials produced from oolong tea leaves at 873 K for 2 h could have more humidity control.
|
['Adsorption', 'Carbon', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Food', 'Refuse Disposal', 'Water']
| 12,702,368
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.150'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.700', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Association between duration of playing video games and bone mineral density in Chinese adolescents.
|
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between duration of playing video games and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese adolescents. Three hundred eighty-four Chinese adolescents aged 14-18 yr (148 males and 236 females) were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard procedures. Total body and regional BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Duration of playing video games, defined as hours per day, was measured by a self-report questionnaire. We examined the association between duration of playing video games and BMD using multiple linear regression analysis. After adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, parental education, body mass index, adolescents with longer video game duration were more likely to have lower legs, trunk, pelvic, spine, and total BMD (p < 0.05). We concluded that duration of video game was negatively associated with BMD in Chinese adolescents. These findings provide support for reducing duration of playing video games as a possible means to increase BMD in adolescents. Future research is needed to elucidate the underlined mechanisms linking playing video games and osteoporosis.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adolescent', 'Bone Density', 'Bone and Bones', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Spine', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tibia', 'Time Factors', 'Video Games']
| 25,937,308
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.057'], ['G11.427.100'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['G01.910.857'], ['I03.450.642.693.930', 'L01.224.900.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rheumatoid lymphoedema.
|
Bilateral upper limb oedema due to lymphatic obstruction, is an uncommon complication of rheumatoid arthritis (R. A.). We report a case in which a 40 year old male with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis developed gross pitting oedema of the left arm. Lymphangiography showed lymphatic obstruction in both arms; within two months the right arm also became oedematous.
|
['Adult', 'Arm', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Humans', 'Lymphedema', 'Lymphography', 'Male']
| 6,926,809
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604.496'], ['E01.370.350.700.475']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Does computer tomography facilitate correct diagnosis of the cause of ureteral obstruction? (limitations and significance of CT)].
|
The limitations of differentiation of retroperitoneal and pelvic paraureteral lesions causing ureteral obstruction are discussed in 84 cases using computerized tomography. The unspecific feature of a plate- and weblike connective tissue pattern in tumors, scar formation and inflammatory process is demonstrated
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvic Neoplasms', 'Retroperitoneal Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ureteral Obstruction']
| 6,467,811
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.699'], ['C04.588.033.731'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Central nervous system myelin deficit in rats exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid throughout lactation.
|
Our results show that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure through mother's milk during the period of rapid myelination (from the 15th to the 25th postnatal days) results in a myelin deficit in the pup's brain and demonstrates the vulnerability of the developing central nervous system (CNS) to 2,4-D. After 100 mg/kg 2,4-D administration to dams, brains of male and female rats show a significant diminution of myelin markers such as monohexosylceramide as well as phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFA) and an increase of cholesteryl esters. Histological studies revealed myelin deficit in some brain regions after 2,4-D treatment. These data indicate that 2,4-D, through the mother's milk, alters the myelination process during a specific postnatal period.
|
['2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Animals, Suckling', 'Brain', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Female', 'Herbicides', 'Lactation', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Neurotoxins', 'Phospholipids', 'Rats']
| 8,947,946
|
[['D02.241.081.018.386.682.224', 'D02.241.511.316.682.149'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.293'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['D10.251.310'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['G03.458'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['D27.888.569.504'], ['D10.570.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The immunogenic SigA enterotoxin of Shigella flexneri 2a binds to HEp-2 cells and induces fodrin redistribution in intoxicated epithelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that the enterotoxin SigA which resides on the she pathogenicity island (PAI) of S. flexneri 2a is an autonomously secreted serine protease capable of degrading casein. We have also demonstrated that SigA is cytopathic for HEp-2 cells and plays a role in the intestinal fluid accumulation associated with S. flexneri infections.METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this work we show that SigA binds specifically to HEp-2 cells and degrades recombinant human alphaII spectrin (alpha-fodrin) in vitro, suggesting that the cytotoxic and enterotoxic effects mediated by SigA are likely associated with the degradation of epithelial fodrin. Consistent with our data, this study also demonstrates that SigA cleaves intracellular fodrin in situ, causing its redistribution within cells. These results strongly implicate SigA in altering the cytoskeleton during the pathogenesis of shigellosis. On the basis of these findings, cleavage of fodrin is a novel mechanism of cellular intoxication for a Shigella toxin. Furthermore, information regarding immunogenicity to SigA in infected patients is lacking. We studied the immune response of SigA from day 28 post-challenge serum of one volunteer from S. flexneri 2a challenge studies. Our results demonstrate that SigA is immunogenic following infection with S. flexneri 2a.CONCLUSIONS: This work shows that SigA binds to epithelial HEp-2 cells as well as being able to induce fodrin degradation in vitro and in situ, further extending its documented role in the pathogenesis of Shigella infections.
|
['Antibody Formation', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Enterotoxins', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Transport', 'Shigella flexneri']
| 20,011,051
|
[['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D23.946.330'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B03.440.450.425.850.450', 'B03.660.250.150.730.210']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of albumin on the kinetics of ascorbate oxidation.
|
The fluorescence intensity of the fluorophore in dansyl piperidine-nitroxide is intramolecularly quenched by the nitroxyl fragment. Therefore, the oxidation of ascorbic acid by the fluorophore-nitroxide (FN) probe can be monitored by two independent methods: steady-state fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) affects the rate of this reaction. The influence of BSA on the rate is attributed to the adsorption of both ascorbate and the probe to BSA. Adsorption of ascorbate to BSA is confirmed by NMR relaxation experiments. The spatial distribution of the molecules on the BSA surface changes the availability of ascorbate and FN to each other. The results also point out that, in the presence of BSA, the autoxidation of ascorbate is significantly slowed down. The effect is studied at different pH values and explained in terms of the electrostatic interaction between the ascorbate anion and the BSA molecule.
|
['Adsorption', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Cyclic N-Oxides', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spin Labels', 'Static Electricity']
| 11,287,122
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D03.661.243'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D02.389.678'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Five-year prospective follow-up report of the Astra tech standard dental implant in clinical treatment.
|
Between 1994 and 1999, 515 Astra standard implants were placed and documented prospectively in 107 patients. Of these implants, 364 were placed in original jawbone, 38 in areas augmented with local osteoplasty, and 113 in bone grafts from the iliac crest. The main indications for implantation were an atrophic edentulous alveolar crest (n = 361) and a shortened dental arch (n = 113). Single-tooth implants were excluded. In a special clinical examination, 56 patients with 258 implants were investigated. The average in situ time of the implants was 34.2 months. Failing osseointegration (n = 10), peri-implantitis (n = 10), and implant fracture (n = 1) in 15 patients resulted in the failure of 21 implants (4.1%). Three patients with 8 implants died from malignant tumor. Currently, 27 implants have been lost to follow-up, and 488 implants remain in situ (95.9%). Under analyses with different implant success criteria, the success rate decreased to 85%. Based on the results in this patient population, this implant was found to be a useful alternative to established implant systems for the indications analyzed.
|
['Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Alveolar Ridge Augmentation', 'Atrophy', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Dental Arch', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous', 'Mandible', 'Maxilla', 'Osseointegration', 'Periodontitis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,516,003
|
[['C05.116.264.150', 'C07.465.714.354.500'], ['E04.545.550.100', 'E06.645.550.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.320', 'A14.521.320'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['E06.323.400', 'E06.780.346.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.500.480', 'C07.320.550', 'C07.465.550.425', 'C07.793.597.425'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Visual outcome in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis related uveitis.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and characteristics of uveitis in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as well as the nature of treatment and the risk factors for visual loss.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 52 patients with JIA, screened for uveitis between 1995 and 2005. The first group, presenting with symptoms of arthritis and uveitis, was diagnosed at screening. The second group presented with symptoms of uveitis, without any rheumatological complaints at the time of diagnosis. During follow-up, reactivation of uveitis and complications were registered and treated when indicated.RESULTS: Seventeen patients had symptoms of uveitis at time of presentation or developed uveitis at follow-up. Ten of this patient group had oligo-arthritis, 16 were antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive, 16 were girls. Three patients presented with ophthalmological symptoms without rheumatological complaints. In this group, complications were more pronounced. Treatment in all patients consisted of topical corticosteroids and dilating drops at different intervals. Visual acuity was good in most patients.CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, the risk of uveitis was higher in ANA- positive girls with oligoarthritis. To reduce severe disease at presentation, earlier diagnosis of JIA, earlier referral for slit lamp examination and universal screening of vision in childhood are necessary.
|
['Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Uveitis', 'Visual Acuity']
| 16,903,513
|
[['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C11.941.879'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Significance of infundibular obstruction following balloon valvuloplasty for valvar pulmonic stenosis.
|
This study was designed to define the prevalence and significance of infundibular obstruction following balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Thirteen of 62 children had infundibular gradients prior to valvuloplasty; five of these disappeared following balloon valvuloplasty. Five other children without pre-valvuloplasty infundibular gradients but with angiographic infundibular narrowing developed new infundibular gradients following valvuloplasty. Propranolol was administered to six children because of severe infundibular constriction, with improvement. None required surgical intervention. At follow-up the infundibular gradients either diminished or disappeared. The infundibular gradients appear to be more frequent with increasing age and severity of pulmonary valvar obstruction. Children developing systemic or suprasystemic right ventricular pressures after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty may be candidates for propranolol therapy. Regression of the infundibular stenosis at follow-up can be expected, as has been observed after surgical pulmonary valvotomy. Because the infundibular obstruction can be successfully managed, balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty remains the treatment of choice for isolated valvar pulmonary stenosis. Use of balloon valvuloplasty in children less than 5 years of age and/or prior to development of pulmonary gradients in excess of 80 mm Hg may reduce the chance for development of infundibular reaction.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Catheterization', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Valve Stenosis']
| 2,741,801
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C14.280.484.716', 'C14.280.955.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
One building block, two different nanoporous self-assembled monolayers: a combined STM and Monte Carlo study.
|
With the use of a single building block, two nanoporous patterns with nearly equal packing density can be formed upon self-assembly at a liquid-solid interface. Moreover, the formation of both of these porous networks can be selectively and homogenously induced by changing external parameters like solvent, concentration, and temperature. Finally, their porous properties are exploited to host up to three different guest molecules in a spatially resolved way.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Crystallization', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Models, Statistical', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Nanostructures', 'Particle Size']
| 22,206,261
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580.480', 'E05.595.402.580.480'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.712']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ectopia hepatica extrathoracica nuda associated with amelia and pulmonary agenesis.
|
A neonate with a constellation of unusual congenital deformities associated with pulmonary agenesis is reported.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Arm', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Hamartoma', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Thoracic Diseases']
| 10,415,290
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C04.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C08.846']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exploratory Validation of a Multidimensional Power Wheelchair Outcomes Toolkit.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation among the measures in a power wheelchair outcomes toolkit.DESIGN: We performed path analysis of cross-sectional data from self-report questionnaires and 1 objective measure.SETTING: Six sites.PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of power wheelchair users (N=128). Most (n=69; 53.9%) participants were women. Multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury/disease were the most common diagnoses.INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The power wheelchair version of the Wheelchair Skills Test version 4.1 was used to carry out an objective evaluation of capacity to perform 32 wheelchair skills. The Late-Life Disability Index measured frequency of participation in 16 life activities. The Life-Space Assessment measured independence, extent, and frequency of mobility. The Assistive Technology Outcomes Profile for Mobility was used to assess perceived difficulty performing activity and participation using assistive technology. The Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for powered wheelchair users captured users' self-efficacy with wheelchair use.RESULTS: Wheelchair confidence was independently associated with less difficulty with activity (â=.028, P=.002) and participation (â=.225, P<.001), increased life space (â=.095, P<.003), and greater wheelchair skills (â=.30, P<.001). Less perceived difficulty with activity was independently associated with increased frequency of participation (â=.55, P<.001). Life-space mobility was independently associated with increased frequency of participation (â=.167, P<.001). Less difficulty with participation was independently associated with greater life-space mobility (â=.59, P<.001) and greater frequency of participation (â=.13, P<.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study provides empirical support for the measures included as part of the power wheelchair outcomes toolkit. They appear to provide complementary information on a variety of constructs related to power wheelchair use.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disabled Persons', 'Electric Power Supplies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Self Concept', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Participation', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Wheelchairs']
| 26,403,685
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.150'], ['E07.305.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.550'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I03.050.750'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['E07.796.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Plant Phenology Supports the Multi-emergence Hypothesis for Ebola Spillover Events.
|
Ebola virus disease outbreaks in animals (including humans and great apes) start with sporadic host switches from unknown reservoir species. The factors leading to such spillover events are little explored. Filoviridae viruses have a wide range of natural hosts and are unstable once outside hosts. Spillover events, which involve the physical transfer of viral particles across species, could therefore be directly promoted by conditions of host ecology and environment. In this report, we outline a proof of concept that temporal fluctuations of a set of ecological and environmental variables describing the dynamics of the host ecosystem are able to predict such events of Ebola virus spillover to humans and animals. We compiled a data set of climate and plant phenology variables and Ebola virus disease spillovers in humans and animals. We identified critical biotic and abiotic conditions for spillovers via multiple regression and neural network-based time series regression. Phenology variables proved to be overall better predictors than climate variables. African phenology variables are not yet available as a comprehensive online resource. Given the likely importance of phenology for forecasting the likelihood of future Ebola spillover events, our results highlight the need for cost-effective transect surveys to supply phenology data for predictive modelling efforts.
|
['Animals', 'Climate Change', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Ebolavirus', 'Ecosystem', 'Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola', 'Humans', 'Seasons']
| 29,134,435
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['N06.850.290'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['N06.850.335'], ['B04.820.480.937.300.200'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['C01.925.782.417.415', 'C01.925.782.580.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Determinants of drinking water quality in rural Nicaragua.
|
One hundred and fifty-three water samples from rural Nicaragua were examined for the presence of faecal coliforms during both wet and dry periods. A linear model was fitted by analysis of covariance with the logarithm of the faecal coliform count as the dependent variable. As expected, traditional water sources were grossly contaminated at all times whereas piped water sources were much cleaner. Hand-dug protected wells had significantly higher levels of faecal contamination than unprotected riverside wells and springs during the dry season. The possible reasons for this unexpected finding are discussed. A close association between rainfall and faecal contamination was demonstrated but the effect of rainfall depended on the type of water source. An association between water quality and the size of the community served by the source was also detected. The finding that stored water was usually more contaminated than fresh water samples is consistent with the results from other studies. Since it is unusual for water quality to be inversely correlated with accessibility, this study site would be suitable for investigating the relative importance of water-borne versus water-washed transmission mechanisms in childhood diarrhoea.
|
['Child', 'Diarrhea', 'Female', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Nicaragua', 'Quality Control', 'Rain', 'Rural Health', 'Water Supply']
| 2,737,254
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['J03.340', 'N01.224.791.400', 'N06.230.150.360', 'N06.850.505.400.800.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.169.690'], ['J01.897.608'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['N01.400.548.750'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Protective effect of C-reactive protein against the lethality induced by Vibrio vulnificus lipopolysaccharide.
|
Vibrio vulnificus infection has attracted special interest because of its high mortality. A strong clinical association exists between hepatic dysfunction and increased morbidity and mortality from V. vulnificus infection. In this study, the effect of C-reactive protein (CRP), a typical hepatogenic acute phase protein, on the lethality induced by V. vulnificus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in galactosamine-sensitized mice. The pretreatment of CRP, in a dose of at least 2 mg/kg, 2 hr before the challenge of LPS completely protected mice against the lethality by V. vulnificus LPS. The elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced by LPS administration was not affected by CRP pretreatment. However, the LPS- or TNF-alpha-induced hepatotoxicity was completely prevented by CRP. These results indicate that CRP does not prevent the synthesis, but prevents the hepatotoxic action of TNF-alpha. The possibility that impaired production of acute phase proteins in patients with pre-existing hepatic dysfunction may predispose the higher risk of V. vulnificus infection needs to be evaluated further.
|
['Animals', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Female', 'Galactosamine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Survival Rate', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vibrio']
| 10,888,350
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D09.067.342.356'], ['E05.481'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['B03.440.450.900.859', 'B03.660.250.830.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Malaria Transmission around the Memve'ele Hydroelectric Dam in South Cameroon: A Combined Retrospective and Prospective Study, 2000⁻2016.
|
Dam constructions are considered a great concern for public health. The current study aimed to investigate malaria transmission in the Nyabessan village around the Memve'ele dam in South Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were captured by human landing catches in Nyabessan before and during dam construction in 2000-2006 and 2014-2016 respectively, as well as in the Olama village, which was selected as a control. Malaria vectors were morphologically identified and analyzed for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein detection and molecular identification of Anopheles (A.) gambiae species. Overall, ten malaria vector species were identified among 12,189 Anopheles specimens from Nyabessan (N = 6127) and Olama (N = 6062), including A. gambiae Giles (1902), A. coluzzii Coetzee (2013), A. moucheti Evans (1925), A. ovengensis Awono (2004), A. nili Theobald (1903), A. paludis Theobald (1900), A. zieanni, A. marshallii Theobald (1903), A. coustani Laveran (1900), and A. obscurus Gr?nberg (1905). In Nyabessan, A. moucheti and A. ovengensis were the main vector species before dam construction (16-50 bites/person/night-b/p/n, 0.26-0.71 infective bites/person/night-ib/p/n) that experienced a reduction of their role in disease transmission in 2016 (3-35 b/p/n, 0-0.5 ib/p/n) (p < 0.005). By contrast, the role of A. gambiae s.l. and A. paludis increased (11-38 b/p/n, 0.75-1.2 ib/p/n) (p < 0.01). In Olama, A. moucheti remained the main malaria vector species throughout the study period (p = 0.5). These findings highlight the need for a strong vector-borne disease surveillance and control system around the Memve'ele dam.
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['Animals', 'Anopheles', 'Cameroon', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Mosquito Vectors', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Power Plants', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,075,820
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['Z01.058.290.100.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500.500'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['J01.780', 'J03.540.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
An immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus encodes a potential membrane glycoprotein.
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The sequence of a region of the HCMV genome transcribed during the immediate early (IE) transcriptional phase has been determined. Transcription analysis of this region at the junction between fragments HindIII Z and J has identified three moderately abundant mRNAs of 3.4, 1.7, and 1.65 kb. The 3.4-kb RNA is expressed only under IE conditions of infection. It is composed of four exons and its predicted translation product has features characteristic of a membrane-bound glycoprotein. The 1.7-kb RNA is transcribed at both IE and late times postinfection. It is expressed from the same promoter as the 3.4-kb RNA and does not appear to be spliced. The 1.65-kb RNA is present at the IE phase, but is more abundantly transcribed at late times. It is composed of two exons and is 3' coterminal to the 3.4-kb RNA. Within the predicted translation product of the 1.65-kb RNA there are three regions which show homology to a family of related open reading frames found within the short unique region of HCMV.
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['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Genes', 'Genes, Viral', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Viral Proteins']
| 2,838,954
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Intracranial irregularities beside hydrocephalus in H-Tx rats.
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INTRODUCTION: It has been well documented that up to 70% of H-Tx rats' offspring suffer from severe hydrocephalus, which can be fatal if it remains untreated. Some offspring also have non-fatal moderate hydrocephalus allowing a normal life expectancy. The objective of this study was finding other morphological intracranial abnormalities that are not directly related to hydrocephalus.METHOD: An MRT for small animals (Bruker, Biospec, Erlangen Germany) with a 2.4 T magnet at 100 MHz has been used to study 98 apparently non-hydrocephalic H-Tx rats. T2-weighted 2D-RARE, T2-weighted 3D-Turbo-RARE sequence and T1-weighted 3D-gradient-echo sequences were used.RESULTS: Apart from 36% of animals with moderate or mild hydrocephalus, we found one animal with a cystic cerebellar malformation similar to an arachnoid cyst with minimal space occupying effects. Nine rats had a mild or moderate-sized unilateral enlargement of one lateral ventricle, but a causative occlusion of the Foramen of Monroe could not be verified. Finally, one animal with huge hydrocephalus had a midline cystic malformation between both cerebral hemispheres.CONCLUSION: Aside from the well-documented hydrocephalus, H-Tx rats may develop other intracranial malformations that have not yet been documented in the literature.
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['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Lateral Ventricles', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Rats']
| 19,812,933
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E04.035.188', 'E04.525.170'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['A08.186.211.140.650'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Genetic algorithm-assisted optimization of nanoporous TiO₂ for low-temperature processable photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Genetic algorithm (GA), a promising optimization process in Heuristics, has proven to be a powerful tool in controlling the nanostructure of low-temperature processable photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). For photoanodes that are composed of various sizes of TiO₂ nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a double-layer configuration, the best composition was determined based on the objective functions of cell efficiency (ç) and its variance. The latter function was chosen since TiO₂ dispersions with no organic binders often aggravated the efficiency of reproducibility. From a total of 64,536 cases, 24 different cases (6 samples prepared for each composition) per generation were selected, and their objective functions were compared. GA was effective in the optimization of photoanodes, and resulted in a cell efficiency of 7.3 ± 0.2% with a short circuit current of 13.8 ± 0.4 mA cm(-2), an open circuit voltage of 0.737 ± 0.006 V, and a fill factor of 71.8 ± 0.6% after 3 generations. The ç of 7.3 ± 0.2% is the highest value for low-temperature processable dye-sensitized solar cells prepared without further treatment of TiO₂ films to enhance interparticle connections.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cold Temperature', 'Coloring Agents', 'Electrodes', 'Models, Genetic', 'Nanostructures', 'Porosity', 'Solar Energy', 'Sunlight', 'Titanium']
| 21,207,976
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D27.720.233'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G01.374.710'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Optical Sectioning and High Resolution in Single-Slice Structured Illumination Microscopy by Thick Slice Blind-SIM Reconstruction.
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The microscope image of a thick fluorescent sample taken at a given focal plane is plagued by out-of-focus fluorescence and diffraction limited resolution. In this work, we show that a single slice of Structured Illumination Microscopy (two or three beam SIM) data can be processed to provide an image exhibiting tight sectioning and high transverse resolution. Our reconstruction algorithm is adapted from the blind-SIM technique which requires very little knowledge of the illumination patterns. It is thus able to deal with illumination distortions induced by the sample or illumination optics. We named this new algorithm thick slice blind-SIM because it models a three-dimensional sample even though only a single two-dimensional plane of focus was measured.
|
['Actins', 'Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lighting', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Optical Imaging', 'Paxillin']
| 26,147,644
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['D12.644.360.024.316', 'D12.776.157.057.092', 'D12.776.476.024.397', 'D12.776.512.374', 'D12.776.744.665']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Prognostic Significance of TYRO3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression in Gastric Cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Despite improved treatment for gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis of advanced disease remains poor. Further investigation of the oncogenic sequence for GC is needed.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase in five GC cell lines was confirmed using western blotting. TYRO3 knockdown in GC cells, and bromodeoxyuridine and Transwell assays were used to examine the functions of TYRO3 in tumor proliferation and invasion. Finally, TYRO3 expression in 138 patients who underwent curative gastric resection for advanced GC (Union for International Cancer Control stage II/III) was tested by immunohistochemistry, and the association between prognosis and TYRO3 expression was analyzed.RESULTS: TYRO3 was detected at various levels in all the tested GC cell lines. Deleting TYRO3 significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion. Immunohistochemistry revealed TYRO3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with GC.CONCLUSION: TYRO3 appears to mediate tumor progression and predict prognosis of patients with GC.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 32,988,883
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Elevation of plasma membrane permeability by laser irradiation of selectively bound nanoparticles.
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Irradiation of nanoabsorbers with pico- and nanosecond laser pulses could result in thermal effects with a spatial confinement of less than 50 nm. Therefore absorbing nanoparticles could be used to create controlled cellular effects. We describe a combination of laser irradiation with nanoparticles, which changes the plasma membrane permeability. We demonstrate that the system enables molecules to penetrate impermeable cell membranes. Laser light at 532 nm is used to irradiate conjugates of colloidal gold, which are delivered by antibodies to the plasma membrane of the Hodgkin's disease cell line L428 and/or the human large-cell anaplastic lymphoma cell line Karpas 299. After irradiation, membrane permeability is evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran. The fraction of transiently permeabilized and then resealed cells is affected by the laser parameter, the gold concentration, and the membrane protein of the different cell lines to which the nanoparticles are bound. Furthermore, a dependence on particle size is found for these interactions in the different cell lines. The results suggest that after optimization, this method could be used for gene transfection and gene therapy.
|
['Biopolymers', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Fluoresceins', 'Humans', 'Lasers', 'Lymphoma', 'Nanostructures']
| 16,409,077
|
[['D05.750.078', 'D25.720.099', 'J01.637.051.720.099'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['J01.637.512']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Continuous SSCF of AFEX™ pretreated corn stover for enhanced ethanol productivity using commercial enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST).
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High productivity processes are critical for commercial production of cellulosic ethanol. One high productivity process-continuous hydrolysis and fermentation-has been applied in corn ethanol industry. However, little research related to this process has been conducted on cellulosic ethanol production. Here, we report and compare the kinetics of both batch SHF (separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation) and SSCF (simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation) of AFEX™ (Ammonia Fiber Expansion) pretreated corn stover (AFEX™-CS). Subsequently, we designed a SSCF process to evaluate continuous hydrolysis and fermentation performance on AFEX™-CS in a series of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Based on similar sugar to ethanol conversions (around 80% glucose-to-ethanol conversion and 47% xylose-to-ethanol conversion), the overall process ethanol productivity for continuous SSCF was 2.3- and 1.8-fold higher than batch SHF and SSCF, respectively. Slow xylose fermentation and high concentrations of xylose oligomers were the major factors limiting further enhancement of productivity.
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['Biofuels', 'Bioreactors', 'Biotechnology', 'Enzymes', 'Ethanol', 'Fermentation', 'Hydrolysis', 'Microbial Viability', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Xylose', 'Zea mays']
| 23,192,401
|
[['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['D08.811'], ['D02.033.375'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G02.380'], ['G06.580'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D09.947.875.627.867'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Nicotine potentiates the electrical field stimulation-evoked contraction of non-pregnant rabbit myometrium.
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The women who smoke have lower fertility rates which might be due to harmful effects of nicotine on tubal function and menstrual cycle. Although the uterine contractility of the non-pregnant uterus plays an important role in the human reproduction process, the influence of nicotine on the contractile responses in uterus is not known. Nicotine increases the release of neurotransmitters following nerve stimulation both in the central and peripheral nervous system through acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs). The aim of this study was to examine whether the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-evoked contraction is altered in rabbit myometrium strips in the presence of nicotine to evaluate the changes in contractility. EFS-evoked contractile responses were recorded from myometrium strips obtained from non-pregnant rabbits in the absence and presence of nicotine. Nicotine led to the increase in the amplitudes of the EFS-evoked contractile responses in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the effects of hexamethonium, cadmium, indomethacin, atropine, and N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride were tested on the EFS-evoked contractions in the absence or presence of nicotine to clarify the mechanisms of nicotine-induced potentiation in EFS-evoked contractile responses. Indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker, inhibited nicotine-induced increase in EFS-evoked responses, whereas other chemicals produced no effect. These results suggest that nicotine-induced potentiation may be mediated by nAchRs and prostaglandins. In conclusion, failure of quiescence in the uterus due to increased contractility by nicotine might be one of the factors contributing to infertility in female smokers.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Atropine', 'Cadmium', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Hexamethonium', 'Indomethacin', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Myometrium', 'Nicotine', 'Rabbits']
| 17,287,603
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['D02.092.877.250.592.400', 'D02.675.276.558.592.500'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['A02.633.570.500', 'A05.360.319.679.690', 'A10.690.467.500'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Re-examination of the presence of alpha-lactalbumin in the epididymis of the rat.
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Using an assay for alpha-lactalbumin in which galactosyltransferase activity was stabilized and a tissue phosphatase inhibitor was present, no evidence was found for alpha-lactalbumin-like activity in rat epididymal tissue, epididymal fluids or medium from cultured epididymal epithelial cells with either glucose or N-acetylglucosamine as acceptor. However, when assay conditions were suboptimal, apparent transfer of radioactivity to both acceptors could be demonstrated in the epididymis and other tissues. In these assays the amount of alpha-lactalbumin registered was linearly correlated to the extent of stimulation of alpha-lactalbumin added exogenously to tissue extracts as internal standards. When rete testis fluid from rats was used as source of galactosyltransferase under suboptimal conditions, no transfer to glucose was demonstrable in epididymal fluid and an apparent decreased transfer to N-acetylglucosamine could be explained by increases in (pyro)phosphatase activity. Putative alpha-lactalbumin activity in the epididymis may be an artefact of unoptimized assays.
|
['Acetylglucosamine', 'Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Epididymis', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Lactalbumin', 'Lactation', 'Male', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,250,249
|
[['D09.067.342.531.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.034.398', 'D12.776.256.159.750.816.250'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The endogenous cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase is activated in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation and becomes Ca2+-independent in intact beating hearts.
|
We investigated the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the activity of the endogenous cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (SRCaM kinase) in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. We found that isoproterenol induced generation of autonomous (Ca2+-independent) SRCaM kinase activity to 28 +/- 4.4% of the total activity. Moreover, dephosphorylation of the autonomous SRCaM kinase with protein phosphatase 2A resulted in an enzyme that was again dependent on Ca2+ and calmodulin for its activity. Activation of SRCaM kinase was coupled to phospholamban phosphorylation and activation of the cAMP-signaling system. Our results suggest that the cardiac SRCaM kinase is activated in response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. This activation stimulates autophosphorylation at its regulatory domain and converts it to an active Ca2+-independent species that may be the basis for potentiation of Ca2+ transients in the heart.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Heart', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum']
| 9,202,132
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A07.541'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.850', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.248.310.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lymphocytes infiltrating normal human lung and lung carcinomas rarely express gamma delta T cell antigen receptors.
|
It has been suggested that T lymphocytes expressing gamma delta T cell receptors (TCR) could play an important role in the defence of epithelia against infection and neoplastic transformation, but the potential for gamma delta T lymphocytes to serve these functions in human respiratory epithelium has received little attention. In this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques and specific monoclonal antibodies to characterize the number and distribution of T lymphocytes expressing alpha beta and gamma delta TCR in normal human lung and in lung carcinomas. T lymphocytes present in normal bronchi and alveolar parenchyma were predominantly of the alpha beta TCR phenotype, whereas gamma delta T lymphocytes represented only 1.1 +/- 0.7% and 1.3 +/- 0.5% of total CD3+ lymphocytes respectively. An important lymphocytic infiltration was noted in the stroma of all primary lung carcinomas examined, and some T lymphocytes were also present infiltrating between tumour cells. These T lymphocytes were almost entirely alpha beta T cells and only rare gamma delta T cells were found, regardless of the histologic type of carcinoma (0.8 +/- 0.1% of CD3+ T cells). This study demonstrates that T cells present in normal bronchi and lung parenchyma and those infiltrating primary lung carcinomas express predominantly alpha beta TCR. These findings do not support the conclusion that gamma delta T lymphocytes play an important role either in the defence of human lung epithelia or in immune responses directed against primary lung carcinomas.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 1,531,121
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.830'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Measuring health anxiety: moving past the dichotomous response option of the original Whiteley Index.
|
The Whiteley Index [WI; Pilowsky, I. (1967). Dimensions of hypochondriasis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 113, 89-93] is a widely used self-report measure of health anxiety, hypochondriasis, and illness phobia; however, the factor structure of the WI has proven unstable. Moreover, factorial investigations of the WI persist in the original true/false response format despite criticisms of dichotomous scales and the availability of a Likert scale version [Barsky, A. J., Cleary, P. D., Wyshak, G., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Klerman, G. L. (1992). A structured diagnostic interview for hypochondriasis: a proposed criterion standard. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 20-27]. The current investigation explores the factor structure of the 5-point Likert scale version of the WI using a sample of 287 students (64 men, ages 18-34 [M=20.6; SD=3.2]; 223 women ages 18-45 [M=20.2; SD=3.2]) divided into two sex-matched groups. A 2-factor 8-item model was extracted from the first group using exploratory factor analysis. However, confirmatory factor analysis with the second group showed superior fit to the data using a precedent 2-factor 6-item model, demonstrating factorial invariance across response options. Comprehensive results, implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude to Health', 'Culture', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypochondriasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Young Adult']
| 19,560,314
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.875.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unpredictable anaphylactic reaction to protamine sulfate.
|
Anaphylactic reactions to protamine administration often can be predicted by the presence of patient risk factors. In the case described, an anaphylactic reaction to protamine occurred in a patient without identifiable risk factors. A history of prior protamine exposure, fish allergy, or vasectomy suggests patients may be at greater risk for anaphylactic response to protamine; however, patients can develop anaphylaxis in the absence of such factors.
|
['Anaphylaxis', 'Anesthesia', 'Aortic Valve', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protamines', 'Risk Factors']
| 3,366,060
|
[['C20.543.480.099'], ['E03.155'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.660.750', 'D12.776.664.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Pediatric femur fractures, epidemiology and treatment].
|
BACKGROUND/AIM: Femur fractures in children most often occur as a consequence of traffic accidents, during play and sport activities, and due to different pathological states. Diagnosis is rather simple and it includes physical and radiographical examination. Femur fractures treatment in children can be operative and unoperative, depending on several facts: age, localisation and type of fracture, joint injuries of soft tissues, the presence of other injuries (in polytrauma), economical and social aspects, ect. The aim of this study was to present epidemiological characteristics of pediatric femur fractures, that is in the stage of development, including a special analysis of the used treatment techniques, as well as the comparison of the obtained data with those from the literature.METHODS: The evaluation included following parameters: age, gender, cause, localisation and type of femur fracture, applied treatment and hospitalisation duration.RESULTS: Among the presented 143 patients with femur fracture, 109 were boys and 34 were girls (3.2:1 ratio; p = 0.0001). Average age for both genders was 8.6 years, and no difference between boys and girls were found for the age (p = 0.758). In total, the most common fracture was diaphyseal fracture of femur in 93 (65.03%) patients. The second was proximal fracture in 30 (20.98%) patients, and the last distal fracture of the femur in 20 (13.99%) patients (p = 0.0001). Three main causes of femur fracture can be distinguished: during play and sport activities in 67 (46.8%) children, in traffic accidents in 64 (44.8%) children, and pathological fractures in 12 (8.4%) children. Inoperative treatment was applied in 82 (57.3%) patients, and operative one in 61 (42.7%) patients. The most common treatment was traction, in 71 (49.6%) patients, followed by immobilization by hip spica cast mostly in young children. Intramedullar elastic nailing was applied in 16 (11.2%) cases, and intra-medullar rigid nailing (K?ntscher) in 19 (13.3%) cases. Significantly longer hospitalization period was detected after traction (21 days) comparing to other ways of treatment, mainly operative or hip spica cast (5 to 10 days).CONCLUSION: In young children the standard treatment was hip spica cast after traction. Intramedullar elastic nailing is a modern trend accepted as standard in our approach to femur fracture treatment in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Femoral Fractures', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male']
| 21,425,612
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C26.404.061', 'C26.558.276'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Role of á1 adrenergic antagonism in the mechanism of action of iloperidone: reducing extrapyramidal symptoms.
|
ISSUE: The low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects associated with the atypical antipsychotic iloperidone may be linked to its unique binding profile of high affinity antagonism of both á1 adrenergic receptors and serotonin 2A receptors.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Basal Ganglia Diseases', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine', 'Humans', 'Isoxazoles', 'Piperidines', 'Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists']
| 24,300,463
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.079'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.385'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850.200', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interplay of the Organic Cation Transporters OCT1 and OCT2 with the Apically Localized Export Protein MATE1 for the Polarized Transport of Trospium.
|
The anticholinergic drug trospium is secreted into urine and, to a smaller extent, into bile. Chemically, it is an organic cation, and it is a substrate of the uptake transporters OCT1 and OCT2 as well as for the export proteins MATE1 and MATE2-K as determined in uptake studies using HEK293 cells. So far, neither MATE-mediated export nor the interplay of OCT-mediated uptake and MATE-mediated export have been investigated. Therefore, we used polarized monolayers of single- and double-transfected MDCKII cells (MDCK-OCT1, MDCK-OCT2, MDCK-MATE1, MDCK-OCT1-MATE1, and MDCK-OCT2-MATE1) and the respective control cells (MDCK-Co) for transcellular transport assays. We demonstrate that the transcellular, basal-to-apical transport of trospium is significantly higher in all cell lines compared to control cells over nearly the complete concentration range tested. The transcellular transport mediated by double-transfected MDCK-OCT1-MATE1 and MDCK-OCT2-MATE1 exceeded that in the single-transfected cells (MDCK-OCT1-MATE1 vs MDCK-OCT1: 2.2-fold; MDCK-OCT1-MATE1 vs MDCK-MATE1: 1.7-fold; MDCK-OCT2-MATE1 vs MDCK-OCT2: 6.1-fold; MDCK-OCT2-MATE1 vs MDCK-MATE1: 1.8-fold at a trospium concentration of 1.0 ìM; p < 0.001 each). Thus, we show that MATE1 does not only mediate the uptake of trospium into HEK293 cells but also the efflux of trospium out of polarized MDCKII-cells. Furthermore, our results indicate that OCT1 or OCT2 as uptake transporters and MATE1 as an export protein contribute to the transcellular transport of trospium at concentrations normally reached during trospium therapy. These data suggest that both, OCT-mediated uptake as well as MATE1-mediated efflux may contribute to trospium renal and biliary elimination.
|
['Animals', 'Benzilates', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line', 'Dogs', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Nortropanes', 'Organic Cation Transport Proteins', 'Organic Cation Transporter 1', 'Organic Cation Transporter 2']
| 30,656,943
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.601.238.306', 'D02.241.511.085'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200.500'], ['D02.145.074.722.744', 'D03.605.084.500.722.744', 'D03.605.869.744'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812.625', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812.625', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Age at menarche in relation to anthropometric characteristics, competition level and boat category in elite junior rowers.
|
BACKGROUND: Within the context of the effects of training for sports on growth and maturation, there is very little menarcheal data for elite rowing athletes. Knowledge of the relationship of the maturational status with training level, different boat categories, and somatic features of the athletes will clarify the assumed impact of rowing training on the growth and maturational process of youngsters.AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the age at menarche in world top junior rowing athletes and to investigate its relationship with anthropometric characteristics, and competition level, rowing style and boat category.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 212 female junior rowers, with a mean chronological age of 17.6 +/- 0.8 years, all participants at the 1997 FISA World Junior Rowing Championships. Anthropometric dimensions, somatotype and body composition characteristics were measured, and age at menarche and training data were retrospectively obtained by questionnaires.RESULTS: Results revealed that the mean age at menarche of the total group of rowers was 12.8 +/- 1.2 years and did not differ from a non-athletic reference population. Rowers who started their rowing training before menarche (n = 78) showed a significant (p </= 0.01) later age at menarche compared with rowers who started their training after menarche (n = 134), with mean ages of 13.4 and 12.4 years, respectively. No significant relationship between the age at menarche and physical and body composition characteristics could be demonstrated, with r varying between -0.11 and 0.11. Furthermore, no significant differences in ages at menarche between competition levels (finalists versus non-finalists/medallists versus non-medallists) and between the different boat categories could be observed.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, there is no direct evidence to state that intensive rowing training has a negative influence on the maturation status of junior female athletes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Body Composition', 'Body Constitution', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Menarche', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sports', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 12,637,191
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.760.410', 'G08.686.841.374.410'], ['I02.233.543'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Juvenile rat and pediatric trazodone studies: how to gain extra sensitivity to overcome bioanalytical challenges.
|
AIM: Trazodone (TZD) is used for the treatment of depression in adults and, off-label, as a sleep medication in adult and pediatric populations. The off-label use is well documented, however further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety for the treatment of sleep disorders. In this scenario, we developed a bioanalytical method to quantify low TZD concentrations in samples collected by capillary microsampling (CMS) to support dose finding, Good Laboratory Practice juvenile rat toxicokinetic and upcoming pediatric studies.METHODOLOGY: A method using only 8 ìl of plasma was developed and successfully used for analyzing CMS samples from juvenile rats throughout toxicokinetic study.CONCLUSION: By harmoniously maximizing each analytical step, we achieved a sensitive method to quantify TZD in CMS samples.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Blood Specimen Collection', 'Calibration', 'Capillaries', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Reference Standards', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Toxicokinetics', 'Trazodone']
| 30,525,928
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['E01.370.225.998.110', 'E04.665.150', 'E05.200.998.110'], ['E05.978.155'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['G03.893', 'G07.690.915'], ['D03.383.606.900', 'D03.383.725.791.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Computed tomography (CT) in the selection of treatment for root-filled maxillary molars with apical periodontitis.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the use of CT facilitates agreement among endodontists in selecting treatments for root-filled maxillary molars with apical periodontitis and to assess the efficacy of CT in choosing a treatment for such teeth.METHODS: 39 root-filled maxillary molars from 34 patients with suspected apical periodontitis were independently evaluated by 4 endodontists and 1 postgraduate student (decision-makers). Treatment decisions were made based on intra-oral radiographs and a fictive clinical history. After 1-3 months, the same decision-makers repeated the examination of the same teeth but with additional information from a CT examination. Agreement between decision-makers with or without the availability of the CT results was measured with Cohen's kappa coefficient. Differences in selected treatments with or without accessibility to the CT results were plotted for the same endodontists using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: The agreement in assessments among endodontists was slight or fair before the CT results were available (range: 0.081-0.535). No increase was observed after reviewing the CT results (range: 0.116-0.379). After the use of CT, the treatment plan was changed 38-76% of the time by all decision-makers, and the changes affected 57.8% of the cases in the study.CONCLUSIONS: The endodontists in this study exhibited a low degree of agreement when choosing a treatment for root-filled maxillary molars with apical periodontitis. A CT examination of the investigated teeth did not result in a significantly higher degree of agreement, and CT frequently contributed to a shift in the selected therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maxilla', 'Middle Aged', 'Molar', 'Periapical Periodontitis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 26,985,980
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['C07.320.830.700', 'C07.465.714.306.700', 'C07.465.714.533.487'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Brain death confirmation: comparison of computed tomographic angiography with nuclear medicine perfusion scan.
|
INTRODUCTION: : Brain death is a difficult diagnosis to make, relying primarily on clinical examination. Ancillary tests are used when confounders exist. Nuclear medicine perfusion test (NMPT) is currently the preferred test for confirming brain death. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) may be an alternative test to confirm brain death. It is readily available 24 hours a day at most level I trauma centers and is easy to perform.METHODS: : Patients with a clinical examination consistent with brain death were selected from the intensive care unit at a 550-bed teaching hospital. The patients underwent NMPT followed immediately by CTA. Both studies were read by radiologists blinded to the results of the alternative study. Absence of brain perfusion confirmed brain death. Multiple independent variables were collected on each patient including demographics, core body temperature, apnea challenge, mechanism of injury, timelines, renal function pre- and posttesting, organ donation, and time to procurement.RESULTS: : There were 25 patients enrolled in the study with multiple injury patterns. No false negative exams were identified on CTA when compared with NMPT. Three patients without flow on NMPT showed minimal flow on CTA. Each of these had open skull defects. Sensitivity of CTA was 0.86 and specificity was 1. There was no induced morbidity with regards to renal failure and organ donation.CONCLUSION: : CTA is a quick and efficient test for brain death confirmation. CTA demonstrated no false negative studies. The resolution of CTA seems to have an increased sensitivity for cerebral blood flow. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be performed.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Death', 'Brain Injuries', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Humans', 'Perfusion Imaging', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 20,220,416
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.151', 'C10.597.606.358.800.200.100', 'C23.550.260.159'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.710.600', 'E01.370.384.730.354'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two novel treatments to reduce overeating in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose in this study was to examine 2 treatments targeted at reducing eating in the absence of hunger in overweight and obese children.METHOD: Thirty-six overweight and obese 8- to 12-year-old children (58% female; mean age = 10.3 years, SD = 1.3), with high scores on eating in the absence of hunger, and their parents were randomly assigned to an 8-week children's appetite awareness training or cue exposure treatment-food. Children completed an eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) paradigm, an Eating Disorder Examination interview for children, and three 24-hr dietary recalls, and their height and weight were measured. Parents completed the EAH Questionnaire and the Binge Eating Scale, and their height and weight were measured. Assessments were conducted at baseline, posttreatment, and 6 and 12 months posttreatment.RESULTS: Results showed that both treatments resulted in significant decreases in binge eating in children over time. Additionally, children in the food cue exposure treatment showed significant decreases in EAH posttreatment and 6 months posttreatment, but children in the appetite awareness training showed no change in EAH. Neither treatment produced significant effects on caloric intake in children or on any of the parent outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that training in food cue responsitivity and appetite awareness has the potential to be efficacious for reducing EAH and binge eating in children. Because these data are preliminary, further treatment development and randomized controlled studies are needed.
|
['Behavior Therapy', 'Bulimia', 'Child', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperphagia', 'Male', 'Overweight', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,122,291
|
[['F04.754.137'], ['C23.888.821.645.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.821.645'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The measuring and observation tool in sports.
|
The Measuring and Observation Tool in Sports (MOTS) has been designed to facilitate the systematic observation of sports. It is a user-friendly tool developed to help researchers observe, codify, register, and analyze any situation that occurs in a natural or habitual context in which behaviors are spontaneous. Users can define up to 12 mutually exclusive code sets and up to 120 different behaviors to facilitate data collection and can work with any observational data type: event sequences, event sequences over time, state sequences, interval sequences, or multievent sequences. MOTS plays digital video files, which allows for video and taxonomic tools to be displayed on the screen at the same time. The observations are registered automatically, including the time and duration of the event, in frames and seconds simultaneously. Furthermore, the data analysis feature allows the user to calculate the percentage of intervals, the frequency distributions, and the conditional probabilities.
|
['Electronic Data Processing', 'Humans', 'Observation', 'Software', 'Sports']
| 18,697,686
|
[['L01.224.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.249'], ['L01.224.900'], ['I03.450.642.845']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Assessment of pure isolated mitral valve insufficiency by Doppler echocardiography].
|
Taking 33 patients having pure MI as a material, the authors find a correlation between regurgitation fraction obtained by calculation of outputs estimated by Touch's method and angiographic values. There is a statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) between regurgitation fraction of grade I to II and grade II to III MI. The ratio mitral integral time velocity (ITV) to Aortic (ITV) is an important semi-quantitative assessment of pure MI. In fact, a ratio > 1.3 identify important degree of MI with 82% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The authors estimate that there is a correlation between the ratio of regurgitant jet surface to left atrial surface found in TEE and their degree of MI in angiography with a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the ratio of grade I to II and grade II to III MI in angiography. A ratio higher than 40% allow to identify grade III MI at minimum.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Reference Values', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 11,414,055
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Population genetic study of the STR loci (HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, HUMTHO1, HUMLPL, HUMF13A01, HUMF13B, HSFESFPS and HUMVWA) in North Indians.
|
BACKGROUND: Highly polymorphic genetic markers like short tandem repeats (STRs) have been used successfully in disease analysis and studies of human evolution and population genetic diversity. However, DNA-based population genetic studies of Indian populations are limited.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To enlarge our understanding of genetic variation in Indian populations, a population genetic study was carried out on Jat Sikh (Punjab, North India) individuals (n = 150) using a battery of the STR loci. The STR loci analysed by means of PCR amplification followed by electrophoresis and silver staining included HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, HUMTHO1, HUMLPL, HUMF13A01, HUMF13B, HUMFESFPS and HUMVWA loci.RESULTS: The overall pattern of allele frequencies was similar to many Caucasian and Indian populations and heterozygosity varied from 65% (HUMLPL) to 85% (HUMVWA). For all eight loci, no deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium hypothesis were detected. Significant differences were observed between Jat Sikhs and African, Chinese and Indian tribes. The mean exclusion probability ranged from 35% to 70%, and the power of discrimination from 81% to 93%, indicating the potential of these loci for forensic and paternity investigations.CONCLUSION: The allele frequency spectrum, heterozygosity, probability of exclusion, match probability and discrimination probability estimates show interesting variation and suggest the usefulness of these loci for anthropogenetic, paternity and forensic investigations in Indian populations.
|
['DNA Fingerprinting', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Humans', 'India', 'Tandem Repeat Sequences']
| 12,573,084
|
[['E05.318.740.225.500.500', 'E05.393.290', 'I01.198.780.937.375', 'N04.452.910.099.750'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800', 'G05.360.080.708.800', 'G05.360.340.024.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Identification of a human serum albumin species associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia.
|
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) is a form of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia that is due to an increased affinity of serum albumin for T4. Unlike the many physiologically neutral alloalbumins that have been identified by serum electrophoresis, FDH variants have not been reproducibly resolved. In the present study, isoelectric focusing in the presence of the denaturants urea and Nonidet P-40, without reduction, produced two bands in the sera of unrelated FDH subjects in place of each of the major albumin bands in the sera of normal subjects. One band of each FDH pair migrated with the normal band; the second migrated at a slightly lower pI. The identity of the new bands as albumin was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing. The two bands of each pair were present in approximately equal amounts, consistent with the autosomal dominant nature of the condition, the expectation that FDH individuals would be heterozygous for normal albumin (Alb-A), and evidence that high and normal affinity T4-binding sites are equimolar or near equimolar. Similar findings in sera from Hispanic and non-Hispanic FDH subjects suggest that the same structural change may underlie the FDH phenotype from different populations. The slightly lower pI of the FDH-specific bands is consistent with the His for Arg substitution predicted by a G to A base transition recently reported in codon 218 of the gene for the variant albumin (Alb-FDH).
|
['Detergents', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroxinemia', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Octoxynol', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Reference Values', 'Serum Albumin', 'Urea']
| 7,852,505
|
[['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.410'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.660', 'D05.750.741.610', 'D25.720.741.610', 'J01.637.051.720.741.610'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lung cancer following chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is a frequent cause of death in patients cured of Hodgkin's disease, but the contributions of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and smoking are not well described. We quantified the risk of treatment-associated lung cancer, taking into account tobacco use.METHODS: Within a population-based cohort of 19 046 Hodgkin's disease patients (diagnosed from 1965 through 1994), a case-control study of lung cancer was conducted. The cumulative amount of cytotoxic drugs, the radiation dose to the specific location in the lung where cancer developed, and tobacco use were compared for 222 patients who developed lung cancer and for 444 matched control patients. All statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: Treatment with alkylating agents without radiotherapy was associated with increased lung cancer risk (relative risk [RR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1 to 8.8), as was radiation dose of 5 Gy or more without alkylating agents (RR = 5.9; 95% CI = 2.7 to 13.5). Risk increased with both increasing number of cycles of alkylating agents and increasing radiation dose (P for trend <.001). Among patients treated with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP), risk increased with cumulative amounts of mechlorethamine and procarbazine (P<.001) when evaluated separately. Statistically significantly elevated risks of lung cancer were apparent within 1-4 years after treatment with alkylating agents, whereas excess risk after radiotherapy began 5 years after treatment and persisted for more than 20 years. Risk after treatment with alkylating agents and radiotherapy together was as expected if individual excess risks were summed. Tobacco use increased lung cancer risk more than 20-fold; risks from smoking appeared to multiply risks from treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Past treatments with alkylating agents and radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in a dose-dependent and additive fashion. The precise risk estimates, however, should be interpreted cautiously, given the possible residual and enhancing effects of tobacco.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Female', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Radiotherapy', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking']
| 11,830,608
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.692'], ['E02.815'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasomotor response after abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent and persistent polymer everolimus-eluting stent implantation (COMPARE-IT).
|
BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been associated with local endothelial dysfunction in the segments proximal and distal to the stent (peristent segments) and increased thrombotic risk in long term follow-up. Little data exists on endothelial function post-implantation of new DES with biodegradable polymer. The aim of our study was to compare the local endothelial function assessed by exercise induced coronary vasomotion after implantation of a biolimus A9-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer (BES) with an everolimus-eluting stent with durable polymer (EES).METHODS: Coronary vasomotion was evaluated with quantitative coronary angiography at rest and during supine bicycle exercise in nine patients with EES and thirteen patients with BES, 16 months after stent implantation. Mean luminal diameter of the stent, peristent segments, and of a control vessel were determined at rest, during exercise, and after the administration of nitroglycerine.RESULTS: The control vessel showed exercise-induced vasodilatation in both groups (EES: +6.4±5.5%, p=0.07; BES: +7.8±10.1%, p=0.07). Vasomotion in the stented vessel segment was abolished. There was exercise-induced vasoconstriction in both groups in the segments proximal (EES: -9.6±4.5%; p=0.03; BES: -4.3±5.4%, p=0.02) and distal to the stent (EES: -3.2±9.3%; p=0.41, BES -8.6±8.0%, p<0.01). Sublingual nitroglycerin was associated with maximal vasodilatation of the peristent segments in both groups.CONCLUSION: Alike DES with durable polymer, stents with a biodegradable polymer are associated with exercise-induced paradoxical coronary vasoconstriction of the peristent segments. This data suggests that endothelial dysfunction after DES implantation is not primarily caused by the durability of the polymer coating.
|
['Absorbable Implants', 'Aged', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Everolimus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymers', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasomotor System']
| 26,440,470
|
[['E07.695.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['A08.800.050.800.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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