Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feasability and safety of transfer from racemic methadone to (R)-methadone in primary care: clinical results from an open study.
|
Methadone is a proven first-line treatment in opioid dependence but few studies have addressed the efficacy of different isoforms of methadone or the transfer from one form to the other. This was a 4-week open study to examine the feasibility and safety of transfer from racemic methadone to (R)-methadone in primary care patients. A total of 1552 opioid-dependent patients formerly treated with racemic methadone were included and followed for 4 weeks after transfer to (R)-methadone. There were few drop-outs, and 1426 patients (91.9%) completed the 4-week transfer period. There were few adverse events or side effects and no deaths occurred during treatment. The number of drug-positive urine screens decreased from 61.2 to 39.8%. Withdrawal symptoms, craving and compliance improved significantly after transfer to (R)-methadone. We conclude that transfer from racemic to (R)-methadone is a safe and practical procedure.
|
['Adult', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methadone', 'Narcotics', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Patient Compliance', 'Primary Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome']
| 19,629,858
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.522.675'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['C25.775.643.500', 'F03.900.647.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The orphan nuclear receptor, shp, mediates bile acid-induced inhibition of the rat bile acid transporter, ntcp.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatic bile acid homeostasis is regulated by negative feedback inhibition of genes involved in the uptake and synthesis of bile acids. Bile acids down-regulate the rate-limiting gene for bile acid synthesis, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (cyp7a), via bile acid receptor (fxr) activation of an inhibitory nuclear receptor, shp. We hypothesized that shp would also mediate negative feedback regulation of ntcp, the principal hepatic bile acid transporter.METHODS: Primary rat hepatocytes or transfected HepG2 and Cos cells were treated with retinoids with or without bile acids, and effects on bile acid transport and ntcp and shp gene expression and promoter activity were determined. Gel shift assays were performed using synthetic fxr, rxr, and rar proteins.RESULTS: Bile acid treatment of primary rat hepatocytes prevented retinoid activation of ntcp gene expression and function; this corresponded temporally with shp gene activation. Bile acid-mediated down-regulation occurred via fxr-dependent suppression of the ntcp RXR:RAR response element. Moreover, cotransfected shp directly inhibited retinoid activation of the ntcp promoter.CONCLUSIONS: These studies show negative feedback regulation of ntcp by bile acid-activated fxr via induction of shp. This novel regulatory pathway provides a means for coordinated down-regulation of bile acid import and synthesis, thereby protecting the hepatocyte from bile acid-mediated damage in cholestatic conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Symporters', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,438,503
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.826'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Involvement of 5-HT2A receptors in the serotonin (5-HT) syndrome caused by excessive 5-HT efflux in rat brain.
|
Previous studies have demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) syndromes, particularly for the malignant cases, can be alleviated by ice water mists, cooling blankets and many other external cooling measures. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that external cooling measures reduce the responsivity of 5-HT(2A) receptors to excessive 5-HT efflux, which may be a possible mechanism underlying the treatment of serotonin syndrome. To test this, rat experiments were carried out in the standard and cool ambient temperature (T(amb) ) by administration of the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan combined with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline. The first set of experiments was to assess severity of the syndromes by measuring body temperature responses. Consistent with the hypothesis, we found that the syndrome was malignant at the standard T(amb) of 22°C but alleviated at 12 or 6°C, these results being similar to those in rats pre-treated with the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin. The second set of experiments was to utilize microdialysis to determine the relationship between the syndrome severity and 5-HT levels at the above-mentioned T(amb) . We found that excessive 5-HT efflux consisted of primary and secondary components through two distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, the secondary component efflux, which can be ascribed to 5-HT(2A) receptor activation, was proportionally reduced at the cool T(amb) of 12 and 6°C. In conclusion, results of this study support the hypothesis that cooling T(amb) reduces the functional activity of 5-HT(2A) receptors, thus alleviating the malignant syndrome.
|
['5-Hydroxytryptophan', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Clorgyline', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Ketanserin', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Serotonin Syndrome']
| 20,456,331
|
[['D12.125.072.050.850.479'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.092.831.180'], ['E02.258.750'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.200.100'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850.200', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850.200'], ['C25.100.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dependency of intraocular pressure elevation and glaucomatous changes in DBA/2J and DBA/2J-Rj mice.
|
PURPOSE: In this study parameters relevant for glaucoma in DBA/2J (D2J) mice were compared with those in age-matched DBA/2J-Rj (D2Rj) mice, to challenge the postulated role of D2J mice as a model for secondary high-tension glaucoma.METHODS: Genotyping for three known short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Tyrp1 gene and the Gpnmb gene by MALDI-TOF-MS and immunohistochemical staining for Gpnmb was performed in D2J and D2Rj mice. Twelve C57Bl/6 (B6), 8 D2Rj, and 11 D2J mice between 1 and 4 months of age were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for morphologic differences within the anterior eye segment. The IOP progression of 25 D2Rj and 18 D2J mice were investigated between 4 to 10.5 months after birth. At the end of this study, in 10 randomly selected individuals of each D2J and D2Rj cohort, correlation of IOP progression and optic nerve damage were determined in each eye.RESULTS: D2J and D2Rj strains were homozygous for both Tyrp 1 amino acid substitutions, so far only described in D2J mice. The Gpnmb(R150X) point mutation present in D2J mice was not detected in D2Rj. Accordingly, immunoreactivity (IR) for Gpnmb was present only in D2Rj and B6 eyes, but not in D2J. Compared with B6, both DBA/2 mice (D2) showed a significantly narrowed chamber angle caused by an anteriorly displaced ciliary body. IOP measurements showed an average IOP of approximately 14 mm Hg between age 4 and 7 months in D2Rj, which decreased to approximately 11 mm Hg in the period from 8 to 10.5 months. In D2J the average IOP showed a steady increase in the observed period from 4 to 10.5 months (from 8.65 to 15.58 mm Hg). Individuals with IOP peaks up to 30 mm Hg were detected in D2Rj, but none of these mice showed signs of an optic neuropathy after 10.5 months. In contrast, 30% of the investigated D2J mice at the age of 10.5 months showed a severe optic neuropathy. Individual data analyses, however, showed no significant correlation between elevated IOP and glaucomatous changes within the D2J population.CONCLUSIONS: Individual correlations of IOP course with axon loss in the single eyes confirmed that in D2J mice, hypertension is not the only causative factor in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. For further investigations on the pathogenesis of glaucoma in D2J mice, the D2Rj strain without a Gpnmb(R150X) mutation and without glaucomatous changes, but with individual IOP elevation, can be used as an interstrain control for D2J.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Anterior Eye Segment', 'Axons', 'Disease Progression', 'Exfoliation Syndrome', 'Eye Proteins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Genotype', 'Glaucoma, Angle-Closure', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Optic Nerve Diseases', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Phenotype', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Tonometry, Ocular']
| 18,235,006
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C11.941.375.285'], ['D12.776.306'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['G05.380'], ['C11.525.381.056'], ['G14.440'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['C10.292.700', 'C11.640'], ['D08.811.682'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['E01.370.380.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Localization of hindbrain glucoreceptive sites controlling food intake and blood glucose.
|
Feeding and blood glucose responses to local injection of nanoliter volumes of 5-thio-D-glucose (5TG), a potent antimetabolic glucose analogue, were studied at 142 hindbrain and 61 hypothalamic cannula sites. A site was considered positive if 5TG elicited at least 1.5 g more food intake or a hyperglycemic response at least 25 mg/dl greater than the respective responses elicited by vehicle injection in the same rat. Of 61 hypothalamic cannula sites tested, none were positive for blood glucose and only one was positive for feeding. Increasing the 5TG dose to 48 ug did not produce additional positive results at hypothalamic sites. In contrast, 66 hindbrain sites were positive for feeding and 49 were positive for blood glucose, with 33 of these being positive for both responses. The distribution of positive sites for feeding and hyperglycemia overlapped almost completely. Positive sites were concentrated in two distinct zones: one in the ventrolateral and one in the dorsomedial medulla. In both locations, the glucoreceptive areas extended approximately from the level of the area postrema (AP) to the pontomedullary junction. Glucoreceptive zones were co-distributed with epinephrine cell groups C1-C3, suggesting that epinephrine neurons may be important components of the neural circuitry for glucoregulation. Localization of glucoreceptive sites will facilitate positive identification of glucoreceptor cells and the direct analysis of the neural mechanisms through which they influence food intake and metabolic responses.
|
['Animals', 'Antimetabolites', 'Blood Glucose', 'Brain Mapping', 'Chemoreceptor Cells', 'Energy Intake', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Rhombencephalon']
| 10,677,609
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.186', 'D27.888.569.042'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.675.650.915.500', 'A08.800.950.500', 'A11.671.650.915.500'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Drug abuse in schizophrenia: comparison of patients who began drug abuse before their first admission with those who began abusing drugs after their first admission.
|
The relationship between the onset of drug abuse and onset of illness (first hospitalisation) and its correlates were examined in 42 hospitalised schizophrenics identified as drug abusers. 60% of the patients began drug use before their first hospitalisation. No differences on sociodemographic or clinical parameters between patients who began drug use before their first hospitalisation and those who began after it were detected when drug abuse was treated as a unitary phenomenon. Use of specific drugs was associated with significant differences in age, age at first hospitalisation, premorbid functioning and type of schizophrenia between patients who began drug pre-morbidly and those who began to use drugs post-morbidly. The differences were not uniform for the different drugs used. The findings are discussed in relation to vulnerability and self medication models of comorbidity of drug abuse and schizophrenia.
|
['Adult', 'Comorbidity', 'Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Admission', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Readmission', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 7,947,416
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E01.190'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intestinal bleeding from a caliber-persistent submucosal artery in the ileum.
|
A 15-year-old boy developed massive intestinal bleeding. The initial mesenteric angiography and ileocolectomy failed to reveal the bleeding site. A repeat mesenteric angiography performed when bleeding recurred showed active bleeding from an ileal branch of the mesenteric artery. Histologically, the lesion proved to be a caliber-persistent submucosal artery that had ruptured. This appears to be the first report of "caliber-persistent" artery in the ileum.
|
['Adolescent', 'Angiography', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Ileal Diseases', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male']
| 3,876,366
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.420'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Flow-dependent arteriolar dilation in normotensive rats fed low- or high-salt diets.
|
Ingestion of a high-salt diet has previously been shown to suppress the endogenous influence of nitric oxide (NO) on arteriolar tone in hypertension-resistant, salt-resistant Dahl (SR/Jr) rats. Because luminal blood flow can be an important stimulus for endothelial NO release, this study was undertaken to determine whether high salt intake can also lead to a deficit in the direct flow-dependent regulation of arteriolar diameter. The spinotrapezius muscle microvasculature was studied by in vivo microscopy in SR/Jr rats fed low (0.45%)- or high (7%)-salt diets for 2 wk, and arcade arteriole responses to increased luminal flow (via parallel vessel occlusion) were studied in both dietary groups. There was no significant difference between groups in arterial pressure or in resting arteriolar diameters, volume flows, or wall shear rates. In low-salt SR/Jr, a 36% increase in luminal flow produced an average arteriolar dilation of 38% that was significantly reduced by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). In high-salt SR/Jr, a similar flow increase produced an average dilation of only 16% (P < 0.05 vs. low-salt SR/Jr), and this response was unaffected by L-NMMA. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity with meclofenamate had no effect on this response in either group. These findings suggest that NO release mediates a portion of flow-dependent arteriolar dilation in rat spinotrapezius muscle and that high salt intake, in the absence of hypertension, can attenuate this response via a suppression of NO activity.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Arginine', 'Arterioles', 'Blood Pressure', 'Diet, Sodium-Restricted', 'Male', 'Meclofenamic Acid', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitroprusside', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reference Values', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sodium Chloride, Dietary', 'Time Factors', 'Vasodilation', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']
| 7,485,574
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['A07.015.114.060', 'A07.015.461.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E02.642.249.290', 'G07.203.650.240.290'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.400.200.500', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.906.750.500'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['D01.857.650.705', 'D01.857.875.705'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pancreatic polypeptide is increased in patients with advanced malignant disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Augmented secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been demonstrated in patients with severe systemic diseases or endocrine tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate PP and autonomic neuropathy in patients with advanced malignant disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Basal PP assessments and five cardiovascular tests for autonomic function were used. Twenty patients, including 11 patients with lung cancer (69 yrs +/- 11, mean +/- SD) and 10 healthy age-matched controls, were studied.RESULTS: PP levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (pmol/L 107.0 +/- 111.4 versus 28.2 +/- 13.4, p<0.05). In the parasympathetical tests, the patients showed significantly decreased heart rate response to the Valsalva manoeuvre (ratio 1.20 +/- 0.19 versus 1.46 +/- 0.23, p<0.005). Also, in the sympathetical tests, the blood pressure response to standing up was significantly decreased (mmHg -3.84 +/- 17.53 versus 10.80 +/- 8.89, p<0.05). The heart rate response to standing up and deep breathing as well as the blood pressure response to sustained handgrip, did not differ significantly between the groups. In spite of the apparent autonomic dysfunction among cancer patients with advanced malignant disease, PP levels were significantly higher in these patients when compared with healthy controls.CONCLUSION: PP levels were significantly higher in patients with advanced cancer than controls, regardless of autonomic dysfunction in the cancer patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that PP may, in some cancer patients, be a marker of advanced malignant disease.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Polypeptide', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 15,330,207
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.587.700', 'D12.644.400.600', 'D12.644.548.586.700', 'D12.776.631.650.600'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Kidney involvement in a patient affected by placental site trophoblastic tumor.
|
We report a 42-year-old woman who presents a few days after a spontaneous incomplete abortion at the ninth week of pregnancy with hypertension and nephrotic syndrome. Curettage findings and increased values for the â subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin were suspicious for a trophoblastic disease. A uterine placental site trophoblastic tumor was diagnosed 2 months later after hysterectomy and treated successfully using chemotherapy. Kidney biopsy showed features consistent with an unusual form of thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by the presence of large thrombus-like structures occluding the capillary lumina and smaller aggregates in the mesangium and along glomerular basement membranes. These deposits were positive for immunoglobulin M, C4, C1q, ê and ë light chains, and fibrinogen. Electron microscopy showed fibrin deposits located primarily in the subendothelial space. The differential diagnosis of this presentation included pre-eclamptic nephropathy, Waldenstr?m disease, lupus anticoagulant glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. We review the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this case.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Pregnancy', 'Thrombotic Microangiopathies', 'Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 21,257,242
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C15.378.140.855.925'], ['C04.557.465.955.207.875', 'C04.557.470.200.025.455.875', 'C04.850.908.208.875', 'C13.703.720.949.208.875'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Percutaneous injection of autologous, culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells into carpometacarpal hand joints: a case series with an untreated comparison group.
|
In the present study, we describe six patients who received autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for symptomatic carpometacarpal (CMC) joint and hand osteoarthritis (OA). Six patients who received injections of adult autologous culture expanded MSCs in their thumb CMC joints were followed for 1 year posttreatment, and matched with four procedure candidates who remained untreated. We observed positive outcomes in the treatment group for both symptoms and function related to the OA, compared with a reported worsening among the untreated controls. While these results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of treated subjects and lack of placebo control and randomization, we find sufficient evidence for further investigation of MSC therapy as an alternative to more invasive surgery in patients with OA of the hand.
|
['Carpometacarpal Joints', 'Controlled Before-After Studies', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intra-Articular', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Osteoarthritis']
| 23,949,564
|
[['A02.835.583.405.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.812', 'N05.715.360.330.500.812', 'N06.850.520.450.500.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.380'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Perception of front-of-pack labels according to social characteristics, nutritional knowledge and food purchasing habits.
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of perception of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels and to determine social factors, nutritional knowledge and attention to packaging features related to such patterns.DESIGN: Cross-sectional. Perception was measured using indicators of understanding and acceptability of three simple FOP labels (the 'Green Tick', the logo of the French Nutrition and Health Programme (PNNS logo) and 'simple traffic lights' (STL)) and two detailed formats ('multiple traffic lights' (MTL) and the 'colour range' logo (CR)). Associations of perception patterns with individual characteristics were examined using ÷2 tests.SETTING: Data from the French NutriNet-Sant? cohort study.SUBJECTS: A total of 38,763 adults.RESULTS: Four perception patterns emerged. Poorly educated individuals were most often found in groups favouring simple formats. The 'favourable to CR' group had a high rate of men and older persons. Poor nutritional knowledge was more frequent in the 'favourable to STL' group, while individuals with substantial knowledge were proportionally more numerous in the 'favourable to MTL' group. The 'favourable to STL' group more frequently self-reported noting price and marketing characteristics during purchasing, while the 'favourable to MTL' and 'favourable to CR' groups declared more interest in nutritional information. The 'favourable to Green Tick and PNNS logo' group self-reported paying closer attention to claims and quality guarantee labels.CONCLUSIONS: The 'favourable to MTL' cluster was most frequently represented in our survey. However, simple FOP formats may be most appropriate for increasing awareness of healthy eating among targeted groups with poor nutritional knowledge and little interest in the nutritional quality of packaged foods.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Commerce', 'Comprehension', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Educational Status', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Food Labeling', 'Food Preferences', 'France', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perception', 'Sex Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 23,174,385
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['J01.219'], ['F02.463.188.357'], ['F01.145.236'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N01.824.196'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['J01.576.423.850.600.400', 'J01.576.761.400.450'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Failure to detect an effect of prolactin on pulmonary surfactant and adrenal steroids in fetal sheep and rabbits.
|
Recent reports have indicated an association between low cord prolactin (PRL) and the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, and it is reported that PRL administration increases the lecithin content of fetal rabbit lung. We administered 1 mg ovine PRL to 32 rabbit fetuses on day 24 of gestation and evaluated lung phospholipid synthesis and content on day 26. Compared with diluent-injected littermates, PRL had no effect on the rate of choline incorporation into lecithin, tissue content of phospholipid and disaturated lecithin, or plasma corticoids. However, both choline incorporation and corticoids were increased in all animals undergoing surgery compared with unoperated controls. We also infused PRL (1 mg/day, i.v.) into three fetal sheep continuously over five periods of 5-8 days. Although supraphysiologic concentrations of PRL were achieved in plasma and amniotic fluid, there was no effect of this treatment on the flux of tracheal fluid surfactant or on plasma concentrations of corticoids of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Thus, in this study, we failed to detect either a stimulation of the surfactant system or an adreno-corticotropic effect by PRL as previously postulated. This suggests that the relationship between PRL and respiratory distress sundrome is an indirect association.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Lung', 'Pregnancy', 'Prolactin', 'Pulmonary Surfactants', 'Rabbits', 'Sheep']
| 581,289
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['A04.411'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['D27.505.954.796.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of the delayed mask for improved demonstration of aneurysms on intraarterial DSA.
|
PURPOSE: We retrospectively explored the use of the delayed mask technique for intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) to demonstrate the anatomy of aneurysm necks.METHODS: The delayed mask technique was utilized in 22 patients who had craniotomies for aneurysms demonstrated at angiography. The operative notes were compared to the angiographic findings of both the traditionally masked IADSA and the delayed mask IADSA. In addition, an in vitro model was constructed to examine the relationship between the size of the aneurysm neck and the ability to indirectly define its anatomy by demonstrating the flow jet.RESULTS: In 12 of 22 cases, the delayed mask technique demonstrated a systolic jet that was not demonstrated by traditional subtraction techniques. In nine of 12 cases, the delayed mask technique gave more specific information regarding the size, location, and orientation of the aneurysm neck.CONCLUSION: The delayed mask technique can add important information regarding the anatomy of aneurysm without adding time or risk to the procedure.
|
['Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 1,442,435
|
[['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Spatial Transcriptomic and miRNA Analyses Revealed Genes Involved in the Mesometrial-Biased Implantation in Pigs.
|
Implantation failure is a major cause of early embryonic loss. Normally, the conceptus attachment is initiated at mesometrial side of the uterus and then spread to the anti-mesometrial side in pigs, however, the mechanisms that direct the mesometrial-biased attachment are largely unknown. In this study, the histological features of the entire uterine cross-section from gestational days 12 (pre-attachment stage) and 15 (post-attachment stage) were investigated and the differences in histological features between the mesometrial and anti-mesometrial side of the uterus were observed. Then, transcriptomic and miRNA analyses were performed on mesometrial and anti-mesometrial endometrium obtained from gestational days 12 and 15, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DE-miRs) that were common to both or unique to either of the two anatomical locations of uterus were identified, respectively, indicating that differences in molecular response to the implanting conceptus exist between the two anatomical locations. In addition, we detected DEGs and DE-miRs between the two anatomical locations on the two gestational days, respectively. Of these DEGs, a number of genes, such as chemokine and T cell surface marker genes, were found to be significantly up-regulated mesometrially. Furthermore, we detected the interaction of CXCR4, CXCL11 and miR-9 using dual luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, this study revealed genes and pathways that might play the role of creating a receptive microenvironment at the mesometrial side, which is required to guide a proper positioning of conceptus in the uterus in pigs.
|
['Animals', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'MicroRNAs', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Swine', 'Trophoblasts', 'Uterus']
| 31,615,128
|
[['B01.050'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['A16.254'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['E05.393.332'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of Bartonella henselae antibodies in pet cats throughout regions of North America.
|
Cat exposure has been directly associated with the development of human Bartonella henselae infections, resulting in cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, or bacteremia. The prevalence of serum antibody titers to B. henselae was determined for selected pet cats from 33 geographic locations throughout the United States and several areas in western Canada. Seroprevalences paralleled increasing climatic warmth (P < .02) and annual precipitation (P < .03). These warm, humid areas with the highest seroprevalence would also have the highest number of potential arthropod vectors. The southeastern United States, Hawaii, coastal California, the Pacific Northwest, and the south central plains had the highest average prevalences (54.6%, 47.4%, 40.0%, 34.3%, and 36.7%, respectively). Alaska, the Rocky Mountain-Great Plains region, and the Midwest had low average prevalences (5.0%, 3.7%, and 6.7%, respectively). Overall, 27.9% (175/628) of the cats tested were seropositive. The seroprevalence of B. henselae in cats varies throughout the United States and appears to be influenced by climate.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bartonella Infections', 'Bartonella henselae', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Climate', 'Geography', 'Insect Vectors', 'Models, Biological', 'North America', 'Prevalence', 'Siphonaptera']
| 7,561,200
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['C01.150.252.400.126.100'], ['B03.440.090.100.350', 'B03.660.050.030.040.350'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['H01.277.500'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.968']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Histo-clinical variation in multiple sclerosis: Heterogeneous proteolytic immunogenic processing.
|
Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents an incredible histo-clinical variation. It consists of an unpredictable series of relapses, remissions and stationary phases. The initial symptoms vary considerably. Any hypothesis of the pathology of MS must include an explanation of this oddity. Current theory suggests that MS is a collection of diseases which produce generally the same result. However, this is not a satisfactory explanation. MS appears as an enormous continuum of disease paths rather than a finite group of well-defined courses. A hypothesis is presented that histo-clinical variation in MS is due to variable proteolytic processing of several potential immunogens. MS is generally thought to be caused by an autoimmune attack on myelin components. Several myelin proteins, myelin basic protein, lipoprotein, oligodendrocyte related glycoprotein and oligodendrocyte basic protein, are encephalitogenic. Within these proteins are short sequences, which themselves are encephalitogenic. In order for potential immunogens to be "seen" by the immune system they first must be processed. This processing is performed by intracellular and extracellular proteases. A large number of different proteases are located throughout the central nervous system. Their concentrations vary with location and time. Most are under strict control. While myelin has a consistent structure, the action of proteases can present variable concentrations of immunogenic peptides. Because of the differences in location, concentration and control of the central nervous system's (CNS) proteases, the same potential immunogen could be presented to the immune system in different locations within the CNS at different times. At a given time and location, the immune system may be presented with no potential immunogens, one potential immunogen or possibly many immunogens. Therefore, because of the dynamic characteristic of presentation, one would expect to see the initial MS symptoms to be variable. This variability would be continued with subsequent symptoms. This is what is seen in multiple sclerosis. A procedure for testing this hypothesis is presented.
|
['Central Nervous System', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Oligodendroglia']
| 16,236,458
|
[['A08.186'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparing the quality of life of school-age children with and without disabilities.
|
Quality of life of 76 school-age children with identified disabilities receiving special education services in public schools was compared to quality of life of 64 students without disabilities enrolled in Grades K-12. The Quality of Student Life Questionnaire (QSLQ) was used. Results indicated that the scores of students with disabilities were lower on all scales. The differences were significant in three of the four quality of life factors of the QSLQ scales: Satisfaction, p <.001, Well-Being, p <.01, Social-Belonging, p <.001, and total QSLQ scores, p <.001. Findings suggest that we have not yet achieved parity in quality of life for children with disabilities. The concept of quality of life is discussed in the context of needs for future intervention.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disabled Children', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Persons with Mental Disabilities', 'Quality of Life']
| 12,123,394
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.150.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.150.600'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Time-course analysis of 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 shows markedly elevated levels in early life, particularly from vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants.
|
BACKGROUND: An epimeric form of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) has recently been detected in clinical samples, with relatively high levels in infants. Little is known on 3-epi-25(OH)D3 formation and physiological function. Our objective was to study dynamics of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 formation during infancy.METHODS: 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 22 preterm (aged 34-37 wk), 15 early preterm (aged <34 wk), and 118 term infants up to 2 y of age. All infants were prescribed vitamin D 400 IU/day after the first week of life.RESULTS: At birth, 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels were 3 (1-7) nmol/l, <10% of total 25(OH)D3. From the second week to 3 mo of age, both 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 increased, with highest 3-epi-25(OH)D3 contribution in early preterm infants (up to 55% of total 25(OH)D3 vs. 36% in term infants, P < 0.0001). After 3 mo of age, 3-epi-25(OH)D3 normalized to <10% in all infants.CONCLUSIONS: At birth, all infants showed low contribution of 3-epi-25(OH)D3, increasing the week after starting vitamin D supplementation, until 3 mo of age. Highest levels of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were found in early preterm infants, supporting the hypothesis that hepatic immaturity plays a role in 3-epi-25(OH)D3 formation.
|
['Calcifediol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Vitamin D']
| 26,709,675
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Growth-plate-chondrocyte profiles and their orientation.
|
We studied the proximal tibial physes of mice, seven, fifteen, twenty-two, and twenty-eight days old, to define in mathematical terms the changes in cell profile and profile orientation among growth-plate zones and to determine if cell profile and profile orientation change with changes in the rate of growth. Using electron microscopy, we identified five growth-plate zones: the reserve zone, the upper proliferative zone, the lower proliferative zone, the upper hypertrophic zone, and the lower hypertrophic zone. In transverse sections, cell profiles did not change among growth-plate zones and the degree of cell-profile orientation approached zero in all zones. In longitudinal sections, cell profiles and profile orientations differed significantly among zones. Cell profiles in the upper and lower proliferative zones were eccentric and highly oriented. They became more rounded and the degree of cell orientation decreased between the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. As the rate of longitudinal bone growth decreased, cell profiles and cell-profile orientation changed. The cell profiles in the reserve zone became flatter and in the other zones the cell profiles became more rounded. The degree of cell-profile orientation decreased quadratically in the upper and lower proliferative zones, decreased linearly in the reserve and upper hypertrophic zones, and remained unchanged in the lower hypertrophic zone.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Growth Plate', 'Histological Techniques', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL']
| 3,894,369
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A02.835.232.251.352'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mutagenic Effects of a 2-Deoxyribonolactone-Thymine Glycol Tandem DNA Lesion in Human Cells.
|
Tandem DNA lesions containing two contiguously damaged nucleotides are commonly formed by ionizing radiation. Their effects on replication in mammalian cells are largely unknown. Replication of isolated 2-deoxyribonolactone (L), thymine glycol (Tg), and tandem lesion 5'-LTg was examined in human cells. Although nearly 100% of Tg was bypassed in HEK 293T cells, L was a significant replication block. 5'-LTg was an even stronger replication block with 5% TLS efficiency. The mutation frequency (MF) of Tg was 3.4%, which increased to 3.9% and 4.8% in pol é- and pol ê-deficient cells, respectively. An even greater increase in the MF of Tg (to ?5.5%) was observed in cells deficient in both pol ê and pol æ, suggesting that they work together to bypass Tg in an error-free manner. Isolated L bypass generated 12-18% one-base deletions, which increased as much as 60% in TLS polymerase-deficient cells. The fraction of deletion products also increased in TLS polymerase-deficient cells upon 5'-LTg bypass. In full-length products and in all cell types, dA was preferentially incorporated opposite an isolated L as well as when it was part of a tandem lesion. However, misincorporation opposite Tg increased significantly when it was part of a tandem lesion. In wild type cells, targeted mutations increased about 3-fold to 9.7% and to 17.4, 15.9, and 28.8% in pol ê-, pol æ-, and pol é-deficient cells, respectively. Overall, Tg is significantly more miscoding as part of a tandem lesion, and error-free Tg replication in HEK 293T cells requires participation of the TLS polymerases.
|
['DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutagens', 'Nucleotides', 'Sugar Acids', 'Thymine']
| 31,860,280
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.558'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['D02.241.081.844', 'D02.241.511.902', 'D09.811'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.899']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Robust encoding of scene anticipation during human spatial navigation.
|
In a familiar city, people can recall scene views (e.g., a particular street corner scene) they could encounter again in the future. Complex objects with multiple features are represented by multiple neural units (channels) in the brain, but when anticipating a scene view, the kind of feature that is assigned to a specific channel is unknown. Here, we studied neural encoding of scene view anticipation during spatial navigation, using a novel data-driven analysis to evaluate encoding channels. Our encoding models, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity, provided channel error correction via redundant channel assignments that reflected the navigation environment. We also found that our encoding models strongly reflected brain activity in the inferior parietal gyrus and precuneus, and that details of future scenes were locally represented in the superior prefrontal gyrus and temporal pole. Furthermore, a decoder associated with the encoding models accurately predicted future scene views in both passive and active navigation. These results suggest that the human brain uses scene anticipation, mediated especially by parietal and medial prefrontal cortical areas, as a robust and effective navigation processing.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motion', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Space Perception', 'Spatial Navigation', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 27,874,089
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.482'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['F01.145.875.797', 'F02.463.641'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Electrophysiologic studies of the heart in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
|
We investigated the electrophysiological properties of the heart in patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis using programmed electrical stimulation techniques. Twelve patients with rheumatoid arthritis and without evidence of organic heart disease or arrhythmia detectable with serial electrocardiograms and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were compared with 12 control subjects. Stimulation was performed from the high right atrium and right ventricular apex at a drive cycle length of 600 msec and the recording sites included high right atrium, atrioventricular junction and distal coronary sinus. There was no statistically significant difference in the corrected sinus node recovery time between the study and control group of patients. Similarly, no differences from normal were found in the AH and HV intervals or in the atrial and ventricular refractoriness, whereas the atrioventricular nodal effective refractory period was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, compared with the control group (338 +/- 38 vs 286 +/- 29, P less than 0.02). The atrial conduction time during basic cycle length had a tendency to increase from high right atrium to atrioventricular junction in the study group and reached statistical significance from high right atrium to coronary sinus (92 +/- 15 vs 74 +/- 14, P less than 0.05). Electrophysiologic differences between the study and control patients also included a greater increase in maximal intraatrial (40 +/- 13 vs 27 +/- 16, P less than 0.05) and interatrial conduction delay (54 +/- 16 vs 31 +/- 12, P less than 0.01) of early premature stimuli in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,298,520
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Generation of CFUC suppressor T cells in vitro: VII. T derived colony inhibitory activity (Td/CIA) has no suppressor effect on in vitro immunoglobulin production.
|
T derived colony inhibitory activity (Td/CIA) was obtained from unstimulated T cells from aplastic anemia patients (SAA), or from PWM primed normal T cells. Td/CIA suppressed CFUC growth of normal allogeneic marrow to less than 30% of expected growth. Td/CIA was then added to normal peripheral blood T and B cells, primed with PWM, to test whether it would interfere with in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) production. When Td/CIA from normal T cells was added to cultures of T + B cells + PWM there was a 2-2.1-fold increase in Ig production. Similarly the addition of Td/CIA from SAA patients also resulted in a 1.4 up to 166-fold increase in Ig production. These results indicate that either (a) the targets for Td/CIA are expressed on hemopoietic but not on T and B cells, or (b) that Td/CIA inactivates an accessory cell which is essential for CFUC growth but not for the PWM driven in vitro B cell differentiation system.
|
['Anemia, Aplastic', 'Antibody Formation', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 6,225,656
|
[['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experiments with cholera toxin detoxified with glutaraldehyde.
|
Studies on the production, purification, and detoxification of cholera toxin are reported. The toxin was first partially purified with aluminium hydroxide and further purification was effected with Bio Gel A-5m and Sephadex G-75. The toxins were detoxified with glutaraldehyde; the toxoids so obtained, when injected into the skin of rabbits, appeared to have no residual toxicity. All the toxins were immunogenic. The toxoid partially purified with aluminium hydroxide retained most of its immunizing capacity, but the highly purified toxoids did not retain their capacity to stimulate antibody production in rabbits.
|
['Aldehydes', 'Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antitoxins', 'Cholera', 'Glutaral', 'Rabbits', 'Toxins, Biological']
| 4,219,758
|
[['D02.047'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601', 'D20.215.401.601'], ['C01.150.252.400.959.347'], ['D02.047.532'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D23.946']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Setting realistic recovery targets for two interacting endangered species, sea otter and northern abalone.
|
Failure to account for interactions between endangered species may lead to unexpected population dynamics, inefficient management strategies, waste of scarce resources, and, at worst, increased extinction risk. The importance of species interactions is undisputed, yet recovery targets generally do not account for such interactions. This shortcoming is a consequence of species-centered legislation, but also of uncertainty surrounding the dynamics of species interactions and the complexity of modeling such interactions. The northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) and one of its preferred prey, northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana), are endangered species for which recovery strategies have been developed without consideration of their strong predator-prey interactions. Using simulation-based optimization procedures from artificial intelligence, namely reinforcement learning and stochastic dynamic programming, we combined sea otter and northern abalone population models with functional-response models and examined how different management actions affect population dynamics and the likelihood of achieving recovery targets for each species through time. Recovery targets for these interacting species were difficult to achieve simultaneously in the absence of management. Although sea otters were predicted to recover, achieving abalone recovery targets failed even when threats to abalone such as predation and poaching were reduced. A management strategy entailing a 50% reduction in the poaching of northern abalone was a minimum requirement to reach short-term recovery goals for northern abalone when sea otters were present. Removing sea otters had a marginally positive effect on the abalone population but only when we assumed a functional response with strong predation pressure. Our optimization method could be applied more generally to any interacting threatened or invasive species for which there are multiple conservation objectives.
|
['Animals', 'British Columbia', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Endangered Species', 'Gastropoda', 'Models, Biological', 'Otters', 'Population Dynamics', 'Stochastic Processes']
| 23,083,059
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['B01.050.500.644.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.600'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Age- and feeding-dependent production of carbonyl compounds in hypoxic heart. The role of carbonyls produced in connective tissue modification.
|
The concentration of reactive lipid metabolites (malondialdehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone) was assayed in rat heart reperfusates after 30 min ischemia in animals of different age and kept on different feeding regimes. It was revealed that there is no difference in the concentration of reactive carbonyl compounds in reperfusates from animals of different age, but the amount of released carbonyl compounds is much lower in animals kept on 50% restricted diet. If tail tendons from young (3 months) rats are incubated in the reperfusate, their solubility after CNBr treatment is decreased so that this material resembles tendons from old animals. Also the amino acid composition of the insoluble residue cannot be distinguished from that obtained from rat tail tendons of 24- or 29-month-old rats. The results prove the ability of carbonyl containing lipid metabolites to create a CNBr-insoluble core in connective tissue.
|
['Acetone', 'Aging', 'Aldehydes', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Connective Tissue', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Diet', 'Hypoxia', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Solubility']
| 8,028,397
|
[['D02.522.064'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D02.047'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A10.165'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simplified, enhanced protein purification using an inducible, autoprocessing enzyme tag.
|
We introduce a new method for purifying recombinant proteins expressed in bacteria using a highly specific, inducible, self-cleaving protease tag. This tag is comprised of the Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin cysteine protease domain (CPD), an autoprocessing enzyme that cleaves exclusively after a leucine residue within the target protein-CPD junction. Importantly, V. cholerae CPD is specifically activated by inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP(6)), a eukaryotic-specific small molecule that is absent from the bacterial cytosol. As a result, when His(6)-tagged CPD is fused to the C-terminus of target proteins and expressed in Escherichia coli, the full-length fusion protein can be purified from bacterial lysates using metal ion affinity chromatography. Subsequent addition of InsP(6) to the immobilized fusion protein induces CPD-mediated cleavage at the target protein-CPD junction, releasing untagged target protein into the supernatant. This method condenses affinity chromatography and fusion tag cleavage into a single step, obviating the need for exogenous protease addition to remove the fusion tag(s) and increasing the efficiency of tag separation. Furthermore, in addition to being timesaving, versatile, and inexpensive, our results indicate that the CPD purification system can enhance the expression, integrity, and solubility of intractable proteins from diverse organisms.
|
['Animals', 'Biochemistry', 'Coenzyme A Ligases', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Histidine', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 12', 'Mice', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Protein Stability', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Solubility']
| 19,956,581
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.201', 'H01.181.122'], ['D08.811.464.267.500'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.500', 'D12.644.276.848.500', 'D12.776.467.836.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['G02.111.700'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biophysical studies of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.
|
The molecular weight of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) has been determined by analytical ultracentrifugation and dynamic light scattering. The sedimentation coefficient of the virus was found to be 435S. The average value for molecular weight is (55 +/- 7) x 106. The virus genome consists of two segments of double-stranded RNA (molecular weights, 2.5 x 106 and 2.3 x 106), which represents 8.7% of the virion mass. The capsid protein moiety of IPNV consists of four species of polypeptides, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of molecules of each polypeptide in the virion has been determined. There are 22 molecules of the internal polypeptide alpha (molecular weight, 90,000), 544 molecules of the outer capsid polypeptide beta (molecular weight, 57,000), and 550 and 122 molecules, respectively, of the internal polypeptides gamma1 (molecular weight, 29,000) and gamma2 (molecular weight, 27,000). IPNV top component contains only the beta polypeptide species, and its molecular weight is estimated to be 31 x 106. The hydrodynamic diameter and electron microscopic diameter (calculated by catalase crystal-calibrated electron microscopy) of IPNV was compared with those of reovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus. Due to the swelling of the outer capsid, reovirus particles were found to be much larger when hydrated (96-nm diameter) than when dehydrated (76-nm diameter), having a large water content content and low average density. In contrast, IPNV particles are more rigid, having nearly the same average diameter under hydrous (64 nm) as under anhydrous conditions (59.3 nm). Encephalomyocarditis virus has a very low water content and does not shrink at all when prepared for electron microscopy.
|
['Animals', 'Capsid', 'Cell Line', 'Cyprinidae', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptides', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reoviridae', 'Salmonidae', 'Trout', 'Viral Proteins', 'Water']
| 558,343
|
[['B01.050'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['B04.820.223.719'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825'], ['D12.776.964'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Medical management of acromegaly with bromocriptine. Effects of continuous treatment for over three years.
|
Eighty-seven patients with active acromegaly were treated with bromocriptine for periods of up to 42 months. On treatment, 82 of these patients noted a rapid alleviation of one or more symptoms of their disease. In 67 patients, the mean growth hormone level of four values taken through the day fell by 14 mu/L or more, or became undetectable. Eighty patients have been treated for over 12 months and this suppression was maintained. Improvement in abnormal glucose tolerance occurred in 25 out of 29 diabetics and tolerance became normal in 19. Bromocriptine is of great value in cases in which surgery or radiotherapy has not been completely effective or as interim treatment until the full effect of other therapy has taken place. However, the long-term effect of high doses of bromocriptine is not yet known.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bromocriptine', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 745,579
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.132.327.412.100', 'D03.633.400.439.131', 'D03.633.400.562.100'], ['C19.246.099'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The BAR-Valtrac for the colon].
|
The authors present their experience with biofragmentable anastomosis in the area of the colon in 42 patients where they used a biofragmentable ring Valtrac, Davis-Geck Co. to restores continuity after resection. The authors focus their attention on the peroperative technical difficulty of construction of the anastomosis proper and on complications encountered during the immediate postoperative course. The most serious among them is, no doubt, dehiscence of the anastomosis. Based on this experience, the authors express their opinion on the simplicity of the implementation proper of a BAR anastomosis and problems of postoperative complications.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Colon', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 10,746,079
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.035'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Generation of henipavirus nucleocapsid proteins in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Hendra and Nipah viruses are newly emerged, zoonotic viruses and their genomes have nucleotide and predicted amino acid homologies placing them in the family Paramyxoviridae. Currently these viruses are classified in the new genus Henipavirus, within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae. The genes encoding HeV and NiV nucleocapsid proteins were cloned into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pFGG3 under control of GAL7 promoter. A high level of expression of these proteins (18-20 mg l(-1) of yeast culture) was obtained. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the primary structure of both proteins with 92% sequence coverage obtained using MS/MS analysis. Electron microscopy demonstrated the assembly of typical herring-bone structures of purified recombinant nucleocapsid proteins, characteristic for other paramyxoviruses. The nucleocapsid proteins revealed stability in yeast and can be easily purified by cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation. HeV nucleocapsid protein was detected by sera derived from fruit bats, humans, horses infected with HeV, and NiV nucleocapsid protein was immunodetected with sera from, fruit bats, humans and pigs. The development of an efficient and cost-effective system for generation of henipavirus nucleocapsid proteins might help to improve reagents for diagnosis of viruses.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Chiroptera', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Viral', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Henipavirus', 'Henipavirus Infections', 'Horses', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nucleocapsid Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Swine', 'Virosomes']
| 17,123,657
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.400'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['D12.776.964.970.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D25.479.900', 'D26.255.260.900', 'J01.637.051.479.900', 'J01.637.087.500.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The molecular evolution of catalatic hydroperoxidases: evidence for multiple lateral transfer of genes between prokaryota and from bacteria into eukaryota.
|
The past decade has produced an increasing number of reports on horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic organisms. Only recently, with the flood of available whole genome sequence data and a renewed intensity of the debate about the universal tree of life, a very few reports on lateral gene transfer (LGT) from prokaryotes into the Eukaryota have been published. We have investigated and report here on the molecular evolution of the gene families that encode catalatic hydroperoxidases. We have found that this process included not only frequent horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes but also several lateral gene transfer events between bacteria and fungi and between bacteria and the protistan ancestor of the alga/plant lineage.
|
['Bacteria', 'Catalase', 'Catalysis', 'Eukaryota', 'Eukaryotic Cells', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Fungi', 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'Genome', 'Heme', 'Phylogeny', 'Plants', 'Proteins']
| 12,777,528
|
[['B03'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['G02.130'], ['B01'], ['A11.450'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B01.300'], ['G05.728.390'], ['G05.360.340'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.650'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Establishment and characterization of two new cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in Chinese patients.
|
Two new cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, T1/CUHK and T2/CUHK, have been established in culture. Analysis of the morphology, ultrastructure, chromosome number, spheroid formation and immunohistochemical properties of the two cell lines demonstrated that they are both well characterized. T1/CUHK cells grew relatively faster than T2/CUHK cells. Both cell lines were tumorigenic after inoculation into made mice and showed positive reactivity with HPV 16 DNA probe. The reactivity of both cell lines with HPV 18 DNA probe was weak.
|
['Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line', 'China', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Culture Techniques', 'DNA Probes', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Keratins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Tongue Neoplasms', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,280,031
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['E05.481.500'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C04.588.443.591.925', 'C07.465.530.925', 'C07.465.910.470'], ['E04.936.764'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Deoxycholic acid promotes the growth of colonic aberrant crypt foci.
|
AKR/J mice are resistant to the tumorigenic properties of the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). Following AOM exposure, limited numbers of preneoplastic lesions, referred to as aberrant crypt foci (ACF), are formed in the colon, and their progression to tumors rarely occurs. To determine whether genetic resistance can be overcome by exposure to a dietary tumor promoter, AOM-exposed AKR/J mice were fed a diet containing 0.25% deoxycholic acid (DCA). DCA exposure was begun 1 wk prior to or 1 wk after tumor initiation with AOM. Mice placed on the DCA diet prior to AOM treatment developed a significantly higher multiplicity of ACF compared to AOM-exposed mice fed a control diet (15.50 +/- 0.96 vs. 6.17 +/- 0.48, respectively; P < 0.05). When DCA exposure was begun after AOM treatment (post-initiation), ACF formation was further enhanced (34.00 +/- 1.22). Interestingly, increased numbers of ACF were associated with the presence of nuclear beta-catenin, assessed by immunohistochemistry. While approximately 33% of ACF from mice exposed to DCA prior to AOM treatment contained positive nuclear beta-catenin staining, approximately 77% of ACF from mice fed DCA after AOM were positive. Accumulation of nuclear beta-catenin was not associated with a loss of E-cadherin from the plasma membrane, although loss of APC staining was a consistent feature of most AOM-induced ACF, regardless of DCA exposure. These results demonstrate that exposure to DCA, an important digestive component, is sufficient to sensitize the resistant AKR/J colon to formation of high-grade dysplasia, and that nuclear translocation of beta-catenin may play an important role in this process.
|
['Animals', 'Azoxymethane', 'Cadherins', 'Carcinogens', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Colon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Deoxycholic Acid', 'Detergents', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred AKR', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Protein Transport', 'beta Catenin']
| 17,091,474
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.172.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['C23.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.318', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.318'], ['C04.834'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Uptake of silver nanoparticles by DHA-treated cancer cells examined by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in a microfluidic chip.
|
This paper reports on the synthesis and application of biocompatible and sensitive SERS nanoparticles for the study of uptake of nanoparticles into living cells in a microfluidic chip through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The nanoparticles were fabricated as beta-cyclodextrin-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@CD NPs) modified with para-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) and folic acid (FA) on the surface. The p-ATP molecules act as the Raman reporter while the FA tags have high affinity for folate receptors (FR) that are over-expressed on the surface cancerous cells, so that the nanoparticles can enter the cells and be monitored by the Raman reporter. Therefore, the nanoparticles could be utilized not only as cell invaders due to endocytosis but also as a SERS sensitive probe to monitor the effect of FR-targeted drugs such as dihydroartemisinin (DHA) that induce the population change of FR on the membrane of living cells. As a result, we have successfully demonstrated that we are able to employ the Ag@CD@p-ATP@FA NPs to evaluate the number of NPs entering living cells quantitatively and correspondingly the drug effect on cancer cells in a well-controlled way.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Artemisinins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Lab-On-A-Chip Devices', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'Silver', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']
| 28,247,889
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212', 'D01.339.431.374.212', 'D01.650.550.750.200', 'D02.389.338.055', 'D02.455.849.765.211'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.305.343.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E05.588.465'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The ethics of ethnography revisited: learning from documentaries].
|
This article offers a comparison of the legal suits filed by the interviewees against the director of the documentary ?tre et avoir (to have and to be) with the rights of interviewees in ethnographic investigations, focusing particularly on image copyrights and labor law. To say that interviewees contribute to such investigations in anonymity does not solve the main problem - they are crucial to the investigation, marginal to the analysis, and then are assigned no publication credits. While information about the interviewees should remain confidential, this article argues, that contribution and role in the making of a publication should not be ignored.
|
['Anthropology, Cultural', 'Copyright', 'France', 'Humans', 'Motion Pictures']
| 21,858,620
|
[['I01.076.201'], ['I01.880.604.583.458.300', 'L01.737.360', 'N03.706.535.518.300'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
pymzML v2.0: introducing a highly compressed and seekable gzip format.
|
Motivation: In the new release of pymzML (v2.0), we have optimized the speed of this established tool for mass spectrometry data analysis to adapt to increasing amounts of data in mass spectrometry. Thus, we integrated faster libraries for numerical calculations, improved data retrieving algorithms and have optimized the source code. Importantly, to adapt to rapidly growing file sizes, we developed a generalizable compression scheme for very fast random access and applied this concept to mzML files to retrieve spectral data.Results: pymzML performs at par with established C programs when it comes to processing times. However, it offers the versatility of a scripting language, while adding unprecedented fast random access to compressed files. Additionally, we designed our compression scheme in such a general way that it can be applied to any field where fast random access to large data blocks in compressed files is desired.Availability and implementation: pymzML is freely available on https://github.com/pymzML/pymzML under GPL license. pymzML requires Python3.4+ and optionally numpy. Documentation available on http://pymzml.readthedocs.io.
|
['Algorithms', 'Data Compression', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Proteomics', 'Software']
| 29,394,323
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.308.189', 'L01.224.800.500', 'L01.470.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The lateral pillar classification of Legg-Calv?-Perthes disease.
|
To determine the predictive value of a new classification system for Legg-Perthes, 93 hips in 86 patients with radiographic follow-up to maturity were reviewed. All patients were treated by bracing at the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital from 1970 to 1980. Hips were classified during the fragmentation stage of disease into three groups based on radiolucency in the lateral pillar of the femoral head. Final radiographs were reviewed at skeletal maturity, and the outcome was determined according to the Stulberg classification. Group A had a uniformly good outcome (100% Stulberg I and II results); Group B had a good outcome in patients who were less than 9 years at onset (92% Stulberg I and II, 8% Stulberg III results), but a less favorable outcome in patients who were greater than 9 years at onset (30% Stulberg II, 50% Stulberg III, and 20% Stulberg IV results). In Group C, the majority of femoral heads became aspherical in both age groups (29% Stulberg II, 52% Stulberg III, and 19% Stulberg IV results). The group C hips also had a longer duration of fragmentation and reossification stages. Members of the Legg-Perthes study group agreed 78% of the time when applying the classification to unknown radiographs. The classification group was a stronger determinant than age of onset in predicting final outcome. This classification system is easy to apply during the active stage of the disease and has a high correlation in predicting the amount of flattening of the femoral head at skeletal maturity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Age Factors', 'Braces', 'Child', 'Femur Head', 'Humans', 'Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease', 'Prognosis', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 1,552,014
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E07.858.442.743.319'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.852.175.570'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The time-course of visual categorizations: you spot the animal faster than the bird.
|
BACKGROUND: Since the pioneering study by Rosch and colleagues in the 70s, it is commonly agreed that basic level perceptual categories (dog, chair...) are accessed faster than superordinate ones (animal, furniture...). Nevertheless, the speed at which objects presented in natural images can be processed in a rapid go/no-go visual superordinate categorization task has challenged this "basic level advantage".PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using the same task, we compared human processing speed when categorizing natural scenes as containing either an animal (superordinate level), or a specific animal (bird or dog, basic level). Human subjects require an additional 40-65 ms to decide whether an animal is a bird or a dog and most errors are induced by non-target animals. Indeed, processing time is tightly linked with the type of non-targets objects. Without any exemplar of the same superordinate category to ignore, the basic level category is accessed as fast as the superordinate category, whereas the presence of animal non-targets induces both an increase in reaction time and a decrease in accuracy.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: These results support the parallel distributed processing theory (PDP) and might reconciliate controversial studies recently published. The visual system can quickly access a coarse/abstract visual representation that allows fast decision for superordinate categorization of objects but additional time-consuming visual analysis would be necessary for a decision at the basic level based on more detailed representations.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Attention', 'Birds', 'Cognition', 'Concept Formation', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Reaction Time', 'Visual Perception']
| 19,536,292
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Barriers to acceptance and adherence of antiretroviral therapy in urban Zambian women: a qualitative study.
|
Sub-Saharan Africa contains over 60% of the world's HIV infections and Zambia is among the most severely affected countries in the region. As antiretroviral programs have been rapidly expanding, the long-term success of these programs depends on a good understanding of the behavioral determinants of acceptance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study used qualitative methods to gain local insight into potentially important factors affecting HIV-infected women's decision to accept or continue with ART. Some of the barriers identified by this study are consistent with factors cited in the existing adherence literature from both developed and developing nations such as side effects, hunger and stigma; other factors have not been previously reported. One major theme was unfamiliarity with the implications of having a chronic, potentially deadly disease. Other emerging themes from this study include the complicated effect of ART on interpersonal relationship, particularly between husbands and wives, the presence of depression and hopelessness, and lack of accurate information. The results suggest that the reasons for non-uptake of treatment include issues related to local cultural frameworks (e.g., illness ideology), mental and behavioral health (e.g., depression and/or interpersonal challenges), stigma, and motivating factors (e.g., values of church or marriage) of different cultures that affect the ability and willingness to take life-saving medicine for a long period of time. Qualitative studies are critical to better understand why ART eligible individuals are choosing not to initiate or continue treatment to achieve needed adherence levels.
|
['Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'Fear', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Medication Adherence', 'Qualitative Research', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Urban Population', 'Zambia']
| 19,085,223
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077'], ['F01.470.361'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N01.600.900'], ['Z01.058.290.175.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
All-trans retinoyl beta-glucose: chemical synthesis, growth-promoting activity, and metabolism in the rat.
|
All-trans retinoyl beta-glucose was chemically synthesized in good yield by reaction of retinoyl fluoride with glucose. Retinoyl glucose, which is soluble in water, shows growth-promoting activity similar to retinyl acetate in vitamin A-deficient rats. In metabolic studies, retinoyl glucose was found to be hydrolyzed to retinoic acid, but at a slower rate. The possible therapeutic uses of retinoyl glucose are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Glucose', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Retinoids', 'Tretinoin', 'Vitamin A Deficiency']
| 1,794,956
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700', 'D02.455.849.131.495', 'D23.767.261.700'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.628']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antibiotic treatment of experimental endocarditis due to vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.
|
We compared ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and gentamicin treatments, alone and in combination, for 5 days in the therapy of experimental aortic valve endocarditis in rats caused by a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The MICs and MBCs of vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and gentamicin were 250 and > 1,000, 3.1 and 6.3, 0.098 and 1.6, and 12.5 and > 50 micrograms/ml, respectively. Infected rats were sacrificed after completing 5 days of therapy. Additional rats within each treatment group were followed for 5 days beyond the last dose of antibiotic therapy. Although survivals in the different groups were not significantly different after 5 days of therapy, survival was significantly better 5 days beyond the last dose of antibiotic therapy in rats treated with rifampin-containing regimens. The combination of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was bactericidal in vitro and in vegetations from rats with enterococcal endocarditis. Rifampin alone was similarly bactericidal in vivo, but it was not significantly better than rifampin in combination with other antibiotics. Subpopulations resistant to rifampin, but not ciprofloxacin, were detected in the inoculum and in most vegetations during therapy. However, the combination of ciprofloxacin plus both gentamicin and rifampin reduced both the rifampin-susceptible and -resistant population in vegetations of 9 of 10 animals below the level of detection after 5 days of therapy. Nevertheless, a residual enterococcal population apparently remained in numbers of < 2 log10 CFU/g after 5 days of therapy, which resulted in relapse. Perhaps a longer course of therapy would have eliminated this residual population and improved efficacy.
|
['Ampicillin Resistance', 'Animals', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Gentamicins', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rifampin', 'Vancomycin']
| 8,257,125
|
[['G06.099.225.500.600.050', 'G06.225.347.500.600.050', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interview with J?rg Zimmermann, global head of oncology & exploratory chemistry at Novartis.
|
Dr J?rg Zimmermann is the inventor of the drug imatinib (Gleevec(®), Glivec(®)), which entered the market in 2001 and revolutionized the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. He talks to Future Medicinal Chemistry about his career as a medicinal chemist, current issues in pharmaceutical R&D and his experiences of developing Gleevec, the first protein kinase to get onto market.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Benzamides', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Drug Discovery', 'Drug Industry', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Piperazines', 'Pyrimidines', 'Research Personnel', 'Workforce']
| 21,426,055
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.456', 'D02.241.223.100.100.435', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.465', 'D03.383.606.405', 'D03.383.742.349'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D03.383.742'], ['M01.526.839'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The investigation of systolic and diastolic leaflet kinematics of bioprostheses with a new in-vitro test method.
|
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate leaflet kinematics of bioprostheses with a novel high-speed imaging method.MATERIAL AND METHODS: High-speed-imaging (1000 Hz) was used to evaluate leaflet kinematics of the Carpentier-Edwards Perimount Magna (PM) and Magna Ease (PME) aortic bioprostheses. Both prostheses (diameter 23 mm) were placed inside a model aorta under pulsatile flow conditions. Frequencies (F) and different stroke volumes (S) were simulated. Maximum aortic valve area (AVA), total ejection time (TET), rapid valve opening time (RVOT) and rapid valve closing time (RVCT) as well as opening (OS) and closing (CS) speeds were evaluated.RESULTS: Both bioprostheses showed different results dependent on flow conditions. The test setup was capable of identifying small AVA-differences between both valves (235 vs. 202 mm², F60/S60; 272 vs. 207 mm²; F70/S80), as well as differences in OS and CS (2.36 vs. 1.62 mm²/ms; 2.97 vs. 2.44 mm²/ms, F80/S60). TET was comparable (638 vs. 645 ms F60/S60; 341 vs. 343 ms, F90/S60), while results for RVOT and RVCT were equal, and dependent on frequency and stroke volume.CONCLUSIONS: The novel evaluation method is sensitive to detect differences between valves, although differences were found to be small. PM has a larger visible AVA associated with higher opening and closing speeds in contrast to PME.
|
['Aortic Valve', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bioprosthesis', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 26,358,833
|
[['A07.541.510.110'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E07.695.100'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E07.695.310'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Does insurance against punishment undermine cooperation in the evolution of public goods games?
|
In a public goods game, cooperation can be a stable outcome if defectors are facing efficient punishment. In some public goods systems, punishment is undermined by an insurance system where speculators buy a policy that sequentially covers all punishment costs. Here, we study a simple model to investigate the question whether stable cooperation can break down in the presence of such speculation. We do indeed find scenarios where speculation either leads to the reduction of the basin of attraction of the cooperative equilibrium or even the loss of stability of this equilibrium. This however only happens if the costs of the insurance are lower than the expected fines faced by a defector. We argue that an insurance of this type is not viable and conclude that under realistic assumptions speculation does not destabilize cooperation.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biological Evolution', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Game Theory', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Models, Statistical', 'Punishment', 'Social Behavior', 'Transportation']
| 23,291,010
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['G17.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['F02.463.425.770.571', 'I01.880.630.716'], ['F01.145.813'], ['J01.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Properties of Bacteroides fragilis antigens with specificity B.
|
Five different serologically active preparations were extracted from Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 strain. These substances and sixteen preparations of culture supernatants all giving a positive reaction with antiserum of serotype B were used as inhibitors in haemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that substances obtained from the culture supernatants differ from endotoxin of Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 serotype B.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacteroides fragilis', 'Endotoxins', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Immunodiffusion', 'Rabbits', 'Serotyping']
| 2,579,527
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['B03.440.080.094.152.400', 'B03.440.425.410.194.152.400'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Growth of retinal capillary endothelia using pericyte conditioned medium.
|
Long-term cultures of bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (BRCEC) have been established using bovine retinal pericyte conditioned medium (PCM). PCM had greater mitogenic activity on BRCEC than unconditioned medium (P less than 0.01). The mitogenic activity of PCM was not cell specific since bovine Tenon's fibroblast conditioned medium also had significant activity. PCM's activity was not enhanced by heparin though it was additive to that of retinal crude extract.
|
['Animals', 'Capillaries', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Epithelium', 'Retinal Vessels']
| 3,312,077
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['A10.272'], ['A07.015.611']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phage response to CRISPR-encoded resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus.
|
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated genes are linked to a mechanism of acquired resistance against bacteriophages. Bacteria can integrate short stretches of phage-derived sequences (spacers) within CRISPR loci to become phage resistant. In this study, we further characterized the efficiency of CRISPR1 as a phage resistance mechanism in Streptococcus thermophilus. First, we show that CRISPR1 is distinct from previously known phage defense systems and is effective against the two main groups of S. thermophilus phages. Analyses of 30 bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of S. thermophilus indicate that the addition of one new spacer in CRISPR1 is the most frequent outcome of a phage challenge and that the iterative addition of spacers increases the overall phage resistance of the host. The added new spacers have a size of between 29 to 31 nucleotides, with 30 being by far the most frequent. Comparative analysis of 39 newly acquired spacers with the complete genomic sequences of the wild-type phages 2972, 858, and DT1 demonstrated that the newly added spacer must be identical to a region (named proto-spacer) in the phage genome to confer a phage resistance phenotype. Moreover, we found a CRISPR1-specific sequence (NNAGAAW) located downstream of the proto-spacer region that is important for the phage resistance phenotype. Finally, we show through the analyses of 20 mutant phages that virulent phages are rapidly evolving through single nucleotide mutations as well as deletions, in response to CRISPR1.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Intergenic', 'DNA, Viral', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Genome, Viral', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Streptococcus Phages', 'Streptococcus thermophilus']
| 18,065,545
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.324', 'G05.360.340.024.220'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['B04.123.850'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.800', 'B03.510.400.800.872.800', 'B03.510.550.737.872.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Severe hemoptysis in a child after the Fontan procedure.
|
There is an increased incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The pathophysiology of pulmonary hemorrhage in CHD includes pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary venous congestion, aorto-pulmonary collaterals, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, and dilated bronchial arteries. We present the case of a 6-year old boy who required treatment for massive hemoptysis after staged palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Effective management of this life threatening entity is described as well as the anesthetic implications of performing rigid bronchoscopy in a patient with the Fontan circulation and massive hemoptysis.
|
['Anesthesia, General', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Child', 'Fontan Procedure', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Hemoptysis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 15,910,355
|
[['E03.155.197'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E04.035.410.295', 'E04.100.376.410.295', 'E04.100.376.724.500', 'E04.100.814.868.875.295', 'E04.928.220.370.295', 'E04.928.220.560.500'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['C08.381.348', 'C23.550.414.896', 'C23.888.852.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
On the Two-Dimensional Simplification of Three-Dimensional Cementless Hip Stem Numerical Models.
|
Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models are commonly used to analyze the mechanical behavior of the bone under different conditions (i.e., before and after arthroplasty). They can provide detailed information but they are numerically expensive and this limits their use in cases where large or numerous simulations are required. On the other hand, 2D models show less computational cost, but the precision of results depends on the approach used for the simplification. Two main questions arise: Are the 3D results adequately represented by a 2D section of the model? Which approach should be used to build a 2D model that provides reliable results compared to the 3D model? In this paper, we first evaluate if the stem symmetry plane used for generating the 2D models of bone-implant systems adequately represents the results of the full 3D model for stair climbing activity. Then, we explore three different approaches that have been used in the past for creating 2D models: (1) without side-plate (WOSP), (2) with variable thickness side-plate and constant cortical thickness (SPCT), and (3) with variable thickness side-plate and variable cortical thickness (SPVT). From the different approaches investigated, a 2D model including a side-plate best represents the results obtained with the full 3D model with much less computational cost. The side-plate needs to have variable thickness, while the cortical bone thickness can be kept constant.
|
['Finite Element Analysis', 'Hip', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 27,925,636
|
[['E05.355'], ['A01.378.610.400'], ['G01.374'], ['E07.695'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-test web-based pure-tone audiometry: validity evaluation and measurement error analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Potential methods of application of self-administered Web-based pure-tone audiometry conducted at home on a PC with a sound card and ordinary headphones depend on the value of measurement error in such tests.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to determine the measurement error of the hearing threshold determined in the way described above and to identify and analyze factors influencing its value.METHODS: The evaluation of the hearing threshold was made in three series: (1) tests on a clinical audiometer, (2) self-tests done on a specially calibrated computer under the supervision of an audiologist, and (3) self-tests conducted at home. The research was carried out on the group of 51 participants selected from patients of an audiology outpatient clinic. From the group of 51 patients examined in the first two series, the third series was self-administered at home by 37 subjects (73%).RESULTS: The average difference between the value of the hearing threshold determined in series 1 and in series 2 was -1.54dB with standard deviation of 7.88dB and a Pearson correlation coefficient of .90. Between the first and third series, these values were -1.35dB±10.66dB and .84, respectively. In series 3, the standard deviation was most influenced by the error connected with the procedure of hearing threshold identification (6.64dB), calibration error (6.19dB), and additionally at the frequency of 250Hz by frequency nonlinearity error (7.28dB).CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results confirm the possibility of applying Web-based pure-tone audiometry in screening tests. In the future, modifications of the method leading to the decrease in measurement error can broaden the scope of Web-based pure-tone audiometry application.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Diagnostic Self Evaluation', 'Female', 'Hearing Disorders', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Telemedicine', 'Young Adult']
| 23,583,917
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.370.360', 'F01.752.747.792.220'], ['C09.218.458', 'C10.597.751.418', 'C23.888.592.763.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecularly Imprinted Nanogels Acquire Stealth In Situ by Cloaking Themselves with Native Dysopsonic Proteins.
|
Protein corona formation was regulated on the surface in vivo by molecular imprinting to enable polymeric nanogels to acquire stealth upon intravenous administration. Albumin, the most abundant protein in blood, was selected as a distinct protein component of protein corona for preparing molecularly imprinted nanogels (MIP-NGs) to form an albumin-rich protein corona. Intravital fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging of rhodamine-labeled albumin and fluorescein-conjugated MIP-NGs showed that albumin was captured by MIP-NGs immediately after injection, forming an albumin-rich protein corona. MIP-NGs circulated in the blood longer than those of non-albumin-imprinted nanogels, with almost no retention in liver tissue. MIP-NGs also passively accumulated in tumor tissue. These data suggest that this strategy, based on regulation of the protein corona in vivo, may significantly influence the development of drug nanocarriers for cancer therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Drug Carriers', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Gels', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Imprinting', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Nanoparticles', 'Opsonin Proteins', 'Protein Corona', 'Serum Albumin, Human', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 28,455,941
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.196.655', 'E05.197.453', 'J01.897.836.249.437'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.767', 'D12.776.124.486.657', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.767', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.767'], ['D12.776.642'], ['D12.776.034.841.603', 'D12.776.124.727.906'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurotensin receptor 1 determines the outcome of non-small cell lung cancer.
|
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the role of the neurotensin/neurotensin receptor I (NTSR1) complex in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression of neurotensin and NTSR1 was studied by transcriptome analysis and immunohistochemistry in two series of 74 and 139 consecutive patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC adenocarcinoma. The findings were correlated with clinic-pathologic features. Experimental tumors were generated from the malignant human lung carcinoma cell line A459, and a subclone of LNM35, LNM-R. The role of the neurotensin signaling system on tumor growth and metastasis was investigated by small hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of NTSR1 and neurotensin.RESULTS: Transcriptome analysis carried out in a series of 74 patients showed that the positive regulation of NTSR1 put it within the top 50 genes related with relapse-free survival. Immunohistochemistry revealed neurotensin- and NTSR1-positive staining in 60.4% and 59.7% of lung adenocarcinomas, respectively. At univariate analysis, NTSR1 expression was strongly associated with worse 5-year overall survival rate (P = 0.0081) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.0024). Multivariate analysis showed that patients over 65 years of age (P = 0.0018) and NTSR1 expression (P = 0.0034) were independent negative prognostic factors. Experimental tumor xenografts generated by neurotensin- and NTSR1-silenced human lung cancer cells revealed that neurotensin enhanced primary tumor growth and production of massive nodal metastasis via autocrine and paracrine regulation loops.CONCLUSION: NTSR1 expression was identified as a potential new prognostic biomarker for surgically resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas, as NTSR1 activation was shown to participate in lung cancer progression.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Neurotensin', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Prognosis', 'RNA Interference', 'Receptors, Neurotensin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 20,810,387
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D12.644.400.550', 'D12.776.631.650.550'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E01.789'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.560', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.560'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Small bowel adenocarcinoma phenotyping, a clinicobiological prognostic study.
|
BACKGROUND: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare tumour with a poor prognosis. Molecular biology data on SBA carcinogenesis are lacking.METHODS: Expression of HER2, â-catenin, p53 and mismatch repair (MMR) protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. KRAS, V600E BRAF mutations and microsatellite instability were investigated.RESULTS: We obtained samples from 63 SBA patients (tumour stages: I-II: 30%; III: 35%; IV: 32%; locally advanced: 3%). HER2 overexpression (3+) was observed in 2 out of 62 patients, overexpression of p53 in 26 out of 62, abnormal expression of â-catenin in 12 out of 61, KRAS mutation in 21 out of 49, BRAF V600E mutation in 1 out of 40 patients, MMR deficiency (dMMR) in 14 out of 61 and was consistent with Lynch syndrome in 9 out of 14 patients. All of the dMMR tumours were in the duodenum or jejunum and only one was stage IV. Median overall survival (OS) was 36.6 months (95% CI, 26.9-72.2). For all patients, in univariate analysis, stages I-II (P<0.001), WHO PS 0-1 (P=0.01) and dMMR phenotype (P=0.02) were significantly associated with longer OS. In multivariate analysis, disease stage (P=0.01) and WHO PS 0-1 (P=0.001) independently predicted longer OS. For stage IV patients, median OS was 20.5 months (95% CI: 14.6; 36.6 months). In multivariate analysis, WHO PS 0-1 (P=0.0001) and mutated KRAS status (P=0.02) independently predicted longer OS.CONCLUSION: This large study suggests that molecular alterations in SBA are closer to those in colorectal cancer (CRC) than those in gastric cancer, with low levels of HER 2 overexpression and high frequencies of KRAS mutations. The seemingly higher frequency of dMMR than in CRC may be explained by the higher frequency of Lynch syndrome in SBA patients. A dMMR phenotype was significantly associated with a non-metastatic tumour (P=0.02). A trend for a good prognosis and a duodenum or jejunum primary site was associated with dMMR.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Instability', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis']
| 24,196,786
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['C23.550.362.590', 'G05.365.590.335.590', 'G05.370.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Filling the gap: Evidence for a spatial differentiation in trace eyeblink conditioning.
|
Trace eyeblink conditioning is used as a translational model of declarative memory but restricted to the temporal domain. Potential spatial aspects have never been experimentally addressed. We employed a spatiotemporal trace eyeblink conditioning paradigm in which a spatial dimension (application side of the unconditioned stimulus) was differentially coded by tone frequency of the conditioned stimulus and recorded conditioned reactions from both eyes. We found more and stronger conditioned reactions at the side predicted by the conditioned stimulus but only in aware participants. Thus, spatial effects are present in trace eyeblink conditioning and may be differentially conditioned depending on the awareness about the spatial relation between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus.
|
['Adult', 'Blinking', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Episodic', 'Young Adult']
| 28,610,951
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G11.561.731.127', 'G14.152'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.254'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Human Foramen Magnum Area and Posterior Cranial Fossa Volume Growth in Relation to Cranial Base Synchondrosis Closure in the Course of Child Development.
|
BACKGROUND: To date, no study has compared the evolution of the foramen magnum area (FMA) and the posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) with the degree of cranial base synchondrosis ossification.OBJECTIVE: To illustrate these features in healthy children.METHODS: The FMA, the PCFV, and the ossification of 12 synchondroses according to the Madeline and Elster scale were retrospectively analyzed in 235 healthy children using millimeter slices on a computed tomography scan.RESULTS: The mean FMA of 6.49 cm in girls was significantly inferior to the FMA of 7.67 cm in boys (P < .001). In both sexes, the growth evolved in a 2-phase process, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.75 years old (yo) followed by a phase of stabilization. In girls, the first phase was shorter (ending at 2.6 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.33 yo) and proceeded at a higher rate. PCFV was smaller in girls (P < .001) and displayed a biphasic pattern in the whole population, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.58 yo followed by a phase of slow growth until 16 yo. In girls, the first phase was more active and shorter (ending at 2.67 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.5 yo). The posterior interoccipital synchondroses close first, followed by the anterior interoccipital and occipitomastoidal synchondroses, the lambdoid sutures simultaneously, then the petro-occipital and spheno-occipital synchondroses simultaneously.CONCLUSION: The data provide a chronology of synchondrosis closure. We showed that FMA and PCFV are constitutionally smaller in girls at birth (P ? .02) and suggest that a sex-related difference in the FMA is related to earlier closure of anterior interoccipital synchondroses in girls (P = .01).ABBREVIATIONS: AIOS, anterior interoccipital synchondrosesFMA, foramen magnum areaLS, lambdoid suturesOMS, occipitomastoidal synchondrosesPCFV, posterior cranial fossa volumePIOS, posterior interoccipital synchondrosesPOS, petro-occipital synchondrosesSOS, spheno-occipital synchondrosisyo, years old.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Cranial Sutures', 'Female', 'Foramen Magnum', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Osteogenesis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Skull Base', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 27,341,342
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.200'], ['A02.835.232.781.572.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G08.686.815'], ['A01.456.830', 'A02.835.232.781.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Recurrent acute stent thrombosis associated with protein C and S deficiencies.
|
Protein C and protein S deficiencies may uncommonly be responsible for coronary arterial thrombosis. We report a young woman with recurrent acute stent thrombosis due to the deficiency of protein C and S. After coronary stenting, stent thrombosis occurred two times despite aggressive antiplatelet therapy, including aspirin, clopidogrel and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. This report suggests that the deficiency of protein C and S should be born in mind in a young patient with recurrent thrombotic events, and that anticoagulants in addition to antiplatelet agents considered in the presence of their deficiency.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Thrombosis', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Protein C Deficiency', 'Protein S Deficiency', 'Recurrence', 'Stents']
| 16,502,322
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.290', 'C14.907.355.830.220', 'C14.907.585.250.290'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.100.100.690', 'C15.378.147.880', 'C15.378.925.795', 'C16.320.099.690'], ['C15.378.100.800', 'C15.378.147.890', 'C15.378.925.800'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The primary structure of human liver manganese superoxide dismutase.
|
The complete amino acid sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase from human liver was determined. The sequence was deduced following characterization of the peptides obtained from tryptic, chymotryptic, and Staphylococcus aureus digests of the apoprotein. Chemical cleavage with dimethyl sulfoxide-hydrobromic acid was also carried out. The amino acid sequence listed below is made up of 196 amino acids and the two subunit polypeptides in the native enzyme appear to be identical. No homology was observed with copper/zinc containing class of superoxide dismutase. Lys-His-Ser-Leu-Pro-Asp-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Glu-Pro-His-Il e -Asn-Ala-Gln-Ile-Met-Gln-Leu-His-His-Ser-Lys-His-His-Ala-Ala-Tyr-Val-Asn -Asn-Leu-Asn-Val-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Tyr-Gln-Glu-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Gly-Asp-Val -Thr-Ala-Gln-Ile-Ala-Leu-Gln-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Phe-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-His-Ile -Asn-His-Ser-Ile-Phe-Trp-Thr-Asn-Leu-Ser-Pro-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gln-Pro-Lys -Gly-Glu-Leu-Leu-Glu-Ala-Ile-Lys-Arg-Asp-Phe-Gly-Ser-Phe-Asp-Lys-Phe-Lys -Gln-Lys-Leu-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ser-Val-Gly-Val-Gln-Gly-Ser-Gly-Trp-Leu-Gly-Phe -Asn-Lys-Gln-Arg-Gly-His-Leu-Gln-Ile-Ala-Ala-Cys-Pro-Asn-Gln-Asp-Pro-Leu -Gln-Gly-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Ile-Pro-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Asp-Val-Trp-Glu-His-Ala -Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Tyr-Lys-Asn-Val-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ile-Trp-Asn -Val-Ile-Asn-Trp-Glu-Asn-Val-Thr-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Met-Ala-Cys-Lys-Lys.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Endopeptidases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Geobacillus stearothermophilus', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Species Specificity', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 6,386,798
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.400.400', 'B03.353.500.100.400.400', 'B03.510.100.100.400.400', 'B03.510.415.400.158.400.400', 'B03.510.460.410.158.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['D05'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G16.824'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mono- and combination drug therapies in hospitalized patients with bipolar depression. Data from the European drug surveillance program AMSP.
|
BACKGROUND: For the pharmacological treatment of bipolar depression several guidelines exist. It is largely unknown, to what extent the prescriptions in daily clinical routine correspond to these evidence based recommendations and which combinations of psychotropic drugs are frequently used.METHODS: The prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were investigated of all in-patients with bipolar depression (n = 2246; time period 1994-2009) from hospitals participating in the drug surveillance program AMSP. For the drug use in 2010, 221 cases were analysed additionally.RESULTS: From 1994 to 2009, 85% of all patients received more than one class of psychotropic substances: 74% received antidepressants in combination therapy, 55% antipsychotics, 48% anticonvulsants and 33% lithium. When given in combination, lithium is the most often prescribed substance for bipolar depression (33%), followed by valproic acid (23%), mirtazapine and venlafaxine (16% each), quetiapine (15%), lamotrigine (14%) and olanzapine (13%). Both, lithium and valproic acid are often combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), but also with mirtazapine und venlafaxine. Combinations of more than one antidepressant occur quite often, whereby combinations with bupropion, paroxetine, fluoxetine or fluvoxamine are very rare. In 2010, quetiapine (alone and combined) was the most frequently prescribed drug (39%); aripiprazole was administered in 10%.CONCLUSION: Combinations of antidepressants (SSRI, mirtazapine, venlafaxine) with mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, lamotrigine) and / or atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, olanzapine) are common. Of most of those combinations the efficacy has not been studied. The use of aripiprazole and the concomitant use of two or three antidepressants contrast the guidelines.
|
['Anticonvulsants', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Europe', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Lithium', 'Pharmacovigilance', 'Product Surveillance, Postmarketing']
| 22,998,655
|
[['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['E05.337.800.600', 'N06.850.505.636'], ['E05.337.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Fronto-temporal-lobe atrophy in early-stage Alzheimer's disease identified using an improved detection methodology.
|
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with widespread brain atrophy including structures subserving memory. We applied an improved structural detection methodology to examine the less well known progression of atrophy in early-stage AD. We sought to i) longitudinally study volumetric differences in patients with early-stage AD and healthy volunteers; and ii) test the hypothesis that hippocampal volumes would be correlated with clinically relevant cognitive function. Seven patients and eleven healthy subjects underwent two structural MRI scans and neuropsychological assessments. Scans were normalised to a study-specific template and 'morphologically opened' to reduce tissue misclassification. Using brain-parcellation, patient atrophy was localised to left fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, whilst left hippocampal volumes were correlated with a cognitive performance measure. A whole-brain search methodology, showed that patients had reduced volumes including fronto-temporal regions bilaterally, in hippocampi and amygdalae and right cerebellum. Whole-brain correlational analyses revealed that cognitive performance was correlated with volumes of both hippocampi, superior temporal gyri and left insula. Neither group exhibited significant longitudinal volumetric changes. Utilising a novel methodology, we have shown that in early-stage AD, clinically relevant cognitive deficits are correlated with regionally specific grey-matter volumes, which are detectable at an early stage of the illness.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Atrophy', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Demography', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 17,399,959
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['F03.615.250'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['E01.390'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Use of stapling instruments in surgery for aneurysms of the aorta.
|
Since their inception, surgical stapling devices have been used almost exclusively in pulmonary and gastrointestinal procedures. We present our experience with surgical staplers in operations for aneurysms of the aorta. Three illustrative case reports are presented that demonstrate the applicability of surgical stapling devices in excluding aortic aneurysms. Seven patients have undergone operation using this technique, all with excellent technical results. We believe that surgical stapling devices represent a safe, easy, and rapid means of excluding aneurysms of the aorta.
|
['Aorta, Thoracic', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Surgical Staplers']
| 6,882,074
|
[['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E07.858.700.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Sorption and contact-activating properties of the <<biograft-artery>> anastomosis zone: effect of suture material (communication II)].
|
The authors have carried out a comparative analysis of the interaction between two types of suture material with blood components, as well as studied the effect of heparin-mediated modification on the sorption and contact-activating processes in the zone of the anastomosis. The blood-compatible properties of the latter was assesses in vitro. It was determined that by minute 120 of the contact with blood, the largest amount of protein is had been absorbed by the anastomoses performed using the Prolene thread - 112 microg/cm2. Heparin-mediated modification made it possible to dramatically decrease the amount of the absorbed proteins. On the anastomoses performed with TiNi, additional treatment with heparin lead to an inconsiderable decrease in the protein amount. When identifying the absorbed proteins, we revealed dependence on the type of the suture material and modification with heparin. After a 60-minute contact with blood in the area of the anastomosis made with TiNi, absorbed were: albumin, immunoglobulins A, G, and transferrin. When using the Prolene thread, fibrinogen was noted to join. Additional heparinization exerted a favourable effect on the sorption processes in the area of the anastomosis wherein predominantly albumin and immunoglobulins A and G are predominantly absorbed. The parameters of the peak values and the rate of blood platelet aggregation were minimal in the area of the anastomoses done with TiNi with an additional treatment with heparin.
|
['Adsorption', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Sutures', 'Tensile Strength']
| 19,156,039
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E04.035'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Interaction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from the rat liver with analogs of activated carbon dioxide and ATP].
|
The interaction of rat liver Ac-CoA-carboxylase with reactive and stable analogs of carbon dioxide and phosphoric acid mixed anhydrides--hypothetic intermediate of the enzyme reaction--has been studied. Carbamoylphosphate showed substrate properties, whereas phosphonacetic acid and beta-oxopropyl-alpha, alpha-diphosphonate inhibited this enzyme (Ki 3.0 and 3.5 mM correspondingly). The analog of another possible intermediate in the reaction of ATP and carbon dioxide, Appp (CH2COOH) also inhibited Ac-CoA-carboxylase (Ki = 0.7 mM).
|
['Acetate-CoA Ligase', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Carbamyl Phosphate', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Coenzyme A Ligases', 'Liver', 'Rats']
| 2,897,623
|
[['D08.811.464.267.500.200'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.251.145', 'D02.705.400.100'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D08.811.464.267.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Theoretical limitations on functional imaging resolution in auditory cortex.
|
Functional imaging can reveal detailed organizational structure in cerebral cortical areas, but neuronal response features and local neural interconnectivity can influence the resulting images, possibly limiting the inferences that can be drawn about neural function. Discerning the fundamental principles of organizational structure in the auditory cortex of multiple species has been somewhat challenging historically both with functional imaging and with electrophysiology. A possible limitation affecting any methodology using pooled neuronal measures may be the relative distribution of response selectivity throughout the population of auditory cortex neurons. One neuronal response type inherited from the cochlea, for example, exhibits a receptive field that increases in size (i.e., decreases in selectivity) at higher stimulus intensities. Even though these neurons appear to represent a minority of auditory cortex neurons, they are likely to contribute disproportionately to the activity detected in functional images, especially if intense sounds are used for stimulation. To evaluate the potential influence of neuronal subpopulations upon functional images of primary auditory cortex, a model array representing cortical neurons was probed with virtual imaging experiments under various assumptions about the local circuit organization. As expected, different neuronal subpopulations were activated preferentially under different stimulus conditions. In fact, stimulus protocols that can preferentially excite selective neurons, resulting in a relatively sparse activation map, have the potential to improve the effective resolution of functional auditory cortical images. These experimental results also make predictions about auditory cortex organization that can be tested with refined functional imaging experiments.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Action Potentials', 'Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Auditory Cortex', 'Auditory Perception', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cats', 'Cochlea', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Humans', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons']
| 20,079,343
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.249', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863.297'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['E01.370.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The value of proteomics for the diagnosis of a platelet-related bleeding disorder.
|
Familial bleeding problems are frequently difficult to diagnose because currently used clinical tests cannot identify intracellular molecular defects of platelets. Using platelet proteomics, a comprehensive analytical tool, we diagnosed a family with severe bleeding problems of unknown origin with Quebec Platelet Disorder. Prior to proteomic analysis, we determined platelet counts, presence of glycoprotein (GP) Ib and GPIIb/IIIa, platelet aggregation, dense granule content and release, plasma levels of fibrinogen, Factor XIII and fibrin degradation products in four family members. Abnormalities were detected in platelet aggregation studies, which revealed variably reduced responses to ADP, collagen and epinephrine with concomitantly decreased ATP/serotonin secretion. In addition, D-dimer levels were significantly elevated 72 hours after in vitro thrombin stimulation of platelet-rich plasma. Together with the autosomal dominant inheritance and the delayed onset of bleeding in two of the four patients these results did not support any known platelet disorder. Therefore, the proteome of platelet lysates separated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE was analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Platelet proteomics showed reduced amounts of alpha-granule proteins multimerin, fibrinogen and thrombospondin-1 in patient compared to control samples suggestive of Quebec Platelet Disorder. The diagnosis of Quebec Platelet Disorder was confirmed by urokinase-specific Western blots. Urokinase causes the degradation of alpha-granule proteins in this disorder. Diagnosis of rare bleeding disorders has important implications for prophylactic and acute treatment of bleeding patients. This is the first report using proteomics to identify a familial platelet defect.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Bleeding Time', 'Blood Platelets', 'Blood Proteins', 'Collagen', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Hemorrhagic Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Proteomics', 'Quebec', 'Time Factors', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 18,791,940
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['E01.370.225.625.625.100', 'E05.200.625.625.100', 'G09.188.087'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D12.776.124'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['C15.378.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A preclinical micro-computed tomography database including 3D whole body organ segmentations.
|
The gold-standard of preclinical micro-computed tomography (ìCT) data processing is still manual delineation of complete organs or regions by specialists. However, this method is time-consuming, error-prone, has limited reproducibility, and therefore is not suitable for large-scale data analysis. Unfortunately, robust and accurate automated whole body segmentation algorithms are still missing. In this publication, we introduce a database containing 225 murine 3D whole body ìCT scans along with manual organ segmentation of most important organs including heart, liver, lung, trachea, spleen, kidneys, stomach, intestine, bladder, thigh muscle, bone, as well as subcutaneous tumors. The database includes native and contrast-enhanced, regarding spleen and liver, ìCT data. All scans along with organ segmentation are freely accessible at the online repository Figshare. We encourage researchers to reuse the provided data to evaluate and improve methods and algorithms for accurate automated organ segmentation which may reduce manual segmentation effort, increase reproducibility, and even reduce the number of required laboratory animals by reducing a source of variability and having access to a reliable reference group.
|
['Animals', 'Databases, Factual', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Mice', 'Whole Body Imaging', 'X-Ray Microtomography']
| 30,561,432
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['L01.224.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.925', 'E05.979'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential diagnosis between undifferentiated tumor and thymoma by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical labelling.
|
This study of a particular case of tumor posed and resolved problems of differential diagnosis between an undifferentiated tumor and a thymoma by using electron microscopy in association with immunocytochemical methods. The first step was the distinction between an epithelial and a mesenchymal tumor, which was done by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence observation with anti-keratin antibody. The second step, a new approach to this problem, was the distinction between an epithelial tumor of thymic origin and another tumor located in the mediastinal lodge. A clear distinction was made by observation in immunofluorescence using anti-thymulin monoclonal antibody. This double approach permits differential diagnosis, excludes neoplasms of germ-cell origin, malignant lymphomas and leukemias, as well as mesenchymal tumors, and affirms the thymic origin of the tumor observed. A second type of cell observed in this tumor with a peculiar aspect, different from all types of epithelial cells observed in normal thymus, is discussed.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Epithelium', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Thymic Factor, Circulating', 'Thymoma', 'Thymus Gland', 'Thymus Neoplasms']
| 2,678,036
|
[['E01.171'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.910.750', 'D12.644.456.835'], ['C04.557.435.850', 'C04.588.894.949.500', 'C15.604.861.800'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['C04.588.894.949', 'C15.604.861']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determinants of ventricular refractory periods in children with congenital heart disease: effects of cycle length and age.
|
Ventricular effective refractory periods (ERP) and functional refractory periods (FRP) were determined by programmed ventricular extrastimulation in 53 pediatric patients with a spectrum of congenital heart disorders. Of these 63 children (ages 8 months to 18 years), 38 were preoperative, 17 had repair of their cardiac lesion via right ventriculotomy, and eight were postoperative without a ventriculotomy. We demonstrated that there was a linear relationship between the cycle length and ventricular refractory periods. The regression equations 73 + 0.29 x cycle length (msec) for the ventricular ERP (msec) and 80 + 0.30 x cycle length (msec) for ventricular FRP (msec) were found to define the determined properties of ventricular refractory periods (VRP) in children. These VRP characteristics were independent of age in children less than 13 years of age.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Adolescent', 'Aging', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Child', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant']
| 7,246,417
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Hirsutism with partial blockage of 3 beta OL hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (author's transl)].
|
The findings of normal testosterone, high normal delta 4 androstenedione, normal 17 OH progesterone and raised DHAs in a young girl of 16 who had regular periods and hirsutism made us think of block in 3 HSD. The 17 OH pregnenolone was raised. Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/24 h) treatment was effective for the hirsutism.
|
['3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Adolescent', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Hirsutism', 'Humans']
| 6,944,379
|
[['D08.811.682.047.436.350'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C17.800.329.750', 'C23.888.971.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation, purification and characterization of an extracellular L-asparaginase produced by a newly isolated Bacillus megaterium strain MG1 from the water bodies of Moraghat forest, Jalpaiguri, India.
|
An extracellular L-asparaginase was isolated and purified from Bacillus megaterium MG1 to apparent homogeneity. The purification procedure involved a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration techniques, resulting in a purification factor of 31.52 fold with a specific activity of 215 U mg-1. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was approximately 47 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 185 kDa on native PAGE gel as well as in gel filtration column chromatography, revealing that the enzyme was a homotetramer. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were calculated to be 2.0 ? 10-4 M and 1.198 mM s-1. Maximum enzyme activity was observed over a wide range of temperature and pH values with an optimum temperature of 37°C and pH 8.5. SDS and metal ions such as Fe2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ decreased the enzyme activity remarkably, whereas the addition of Na+ and K+ led to an increase in activity. The insensitivity of the protein in the presence of EDTA suggested that the enzyme might not essentially be a metalloprotein. Its marked stability and activity in organic solvents and reducing agents suggest that this asparaginase is highly suitable as a biotechnological tool with industrial applications.
|
['Asparaginase', 'Asparagine', 'Bacillus megaterium', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Extracellular Space', 'Forests', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'India', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phylogeny', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Temperature', 'Water Microbiology']
| 30,568,045
|
[['D08.811.277.087.116'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.500', 'B03.353.500.100.218.500', 'B03.510.100.100.218.500', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.500', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.500'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['G02.300'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.494'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Results of experimental animal studies on pervascular influences of indwelling intravasal catheters upon free tissue grafts (author's transl)].
|
Free tissue grafting procedures were performed on sixteen experimental animals on the basis of previously described experiments (first communication). The objective of finding a suitable operating method for pervascular perfusion of epidermal grafts in animal experiments has been accomplished. At the same time, several possible ways of objectifying the results of blood gas analyses, temperature measurements, colorimetric determinations, and histological studies were subjected to tests.
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Catheterization', 'Female', 'Perfusion', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Swine']
| 91,280
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E05.680'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metabolic function of grafted liver in rats.
|
We studied the metabolic variations in grafted livers at different times after transplant by measuring the hepatic energy and redox states. Five groups of rats were studied: control ungrafted Wistar (RT1y) rats (group 1), ungrafted Wistar rats with ligature of the hepatic artery (group 2), isografted Wistar rats (group 3), allografted Wistar rats with livers from ACI (RT1a) donors (group 4, long-term surviving rat strain combination), and allografted Wistar rats with livers from BN (RT1n) rats (group 5, rejector rats). The metabolism of grafted livers was studied for 7 days in groups 2 and 3, for 2 months in group 4, and at the time of rejection in group 5. Adenine nucleotide levels (ATP, ADP, AMP) were significantly impaired at 24 hr and at 48 hr from grafting in isografted and in allografted livers, and the reestablishment of normal values began at the 7th day from grafting. Cytoplasmic NAD+/NADH ratios were lowered at 24 hr from grafting in isografted and in allografted livers. Mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratios were lowered at 24 hr in isografted livers and at 24 hr and 48 hr from grafting in allografted livers. The metabolic studies performed for 2 months revealed a significant correlation between well-maintained metabolic functions and transplant survival. On the contrary, an important energy loss was evidenced in livers of group 5, at the time of rejection.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Animals', 'Glycolysis', 'Graft Survival', 'Liver', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'NAD', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred ACI', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Transplantation, Isogeneic']
| 3,061,077
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['A03.620'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.080', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.080'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E04.936.864.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Everolimus-treated renal transplant recipients have a more robust CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell response compared with cyclosporine- or mycophenolate-treated patients.
|
BACKGROUND: In renal transplant recipients, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been reported to protect against cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Here, we questioned whether mTOR inhibitors specifically influence human CMV-induced T-cell responses.METHODS: We studied renal transplant recipients treated with prednisolone, cyclosporine A (CsA), and mycophenolate sodium (MPS) for the first 6 months after transplantation followed by double therapy consisting of prednisolone/everolimus, which is an mTOR inhibitor (P/EVL; n=10), prednisolone/CsA (P/CsA; n=7), or prednisolone/MPS (P/MPS; n=9). All patients were CMV-IgG positive before transplantation. CMV reactivation was detectable in the first 6 months after transplantation and not thereafter. None of the patients included in this study suffered from CMV disease. Both CD27CD8 and CD27CD28CD4 effector-type T-cell counts, known to be associated with CMV infection, were measured before transplantation and at 6 and 24 months after transplantation. Additionally, we determined both number and function of CMV-specific CD8 T cells at these time points.RESULTS: The number of total CD8 T cells, CD27CD8 T cells, and CD28CD4 T cells increased significantly after switch to therapy with P/EVL but not after switch to P/CsA or P/MPS. Specifically, CMV-specific CD8 T-cell counts significantly increased after switch to therapy with P/EVL. Furthermore, the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus strongly inhibited alloresponses in vitro, whereas it did not affect CMV-specific responses.CONCLUSION: We observed a significant increase in (CMV-specific) effector-type CD8 and CD4 T-cell counts in everolimus-treated patients. These findings may at least in part explain the reported low incidence of CMV-related pathology in everolimus-treated patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cyclosporine', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Everolimus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Prednisolone', 'Sirolimus', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 23,222,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of intracellular superoxide radical formation by arachidonic acid and by polyunsaturated fatty acids in primary astrocytic cultures.
|
The effects of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on both oxidative and metabolic perturbation were studied in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical astrocytes. In the presence of 0.1 mM arachidonic acid, the rate of the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to nitroblue formazan (NBF) was stimulated from 0.65 +/- 0.10 to 1.43 +/- 0.15 and from 0.092 +/- 0.006 to 0.162 +/- 0.009 nmol/min/mg protein in intact and broken cell preparations, respectively. The rate of superoxide radical formation, as measured by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable NBT reduction was 0.042 nmol/mg protein in broken cells and was negligible in intact cells. The latter is due to the impermeability of SOD into the intact cell preparation. NBF formation in intact astrocytes stimulated by arachidonic acid was both time- and dose-dependent. Other PUFAs, including linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, were also effective in stimulating NBF formation in astrocytes, whereas saturated palmitic acid and monounsaturated oleic acid were ineffective. Similar effects of these PUFAs were observed in malondialdehyde formation in cells and lactic acid accumulation in incubation medium. These data indicate that both membrane integrity and cellular metabolism were perturbed by arachidonic acid and by other PUFAs. The sites of superoxide radical formation appeared to be intracellular and may be associated with membrane phospholipid domains, because liposome-entrapped SOD, which was taken up by intact astrocytes, reduced the level of superoxide radicals and lactic acid content, whereas free SOD was not effective.
|
['Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Astrocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Formazans', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Liposomes', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Nitroblue Tetrazolium', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Superoxides']
| 2,831,299
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.251.355'], ['D02.172.600'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D03.383.129.617.700.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Costs and benefits of bevacizumab vial sharing for the treatment of retinal diseases.
|
BACKGROUND: Antiangiogenic therapy has proved to be an important therapeutic tool for many retinal vascular diseases; however, its availability is limited in developing countries. This study sought to describe the bevacizumab vial sharing process and to evaluate the impact of this repackaging system on the costs incurred in a Brazilian public hospital.METHOD: This retrospective study compared the number and costs of intravitreal antiangiogenic injections approved via court order in the first year of the study (2015) to the number and costs of the bevacizumab injections provided through the use of vial sharing in the second year of the study (2016). Vial sharing consists of the traditional process used to repackage bevacizumab; in this case, however, the drug samples used were the residual volume from the preparation of bevacizumab for oncology patients. The hospital adhered to the guidelines established by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA).RESULTS: In the first year of the study and using medication obtained through court orders, 550 intravitreal injections were performed in the ophthalmology ambulatory care center. Based on local pricing tables, the total cost of the medication was BRL$1,036,056.25 (USD$267,546.58), and the average cost of each application was BRL$1883.74 (USD$486.45). In the second year of the study, 1081 intravitreal applications were performed at the same hospital using doses obtained through bevacizumab vial sharing. The total cost was BRL$21,942.49 (USD$5663.30) and the per-unit cost was BRL$20.30, or USD$5.23 (a savings of 97.88%).CONCLUSION: This study found that bevacizumab vial sharing led to a significant reduction in public health care costs associated with antiangiogenic treatment and increased the availability of the drug to public health care patients. These results can be extrapolated to other types of drugs and health care systems.
|
['Aged', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Bevacizumab', 'Brazil', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Drug Costs', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Middle Aged', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,510,981
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.768'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride on coagulation and fibrinolysis. An assessment using thromboelastography.
|
Amide local anaesthetics impair coagulation by inhibition of platelet function and enhanced fibrinolysis. The potential therefore exists that the presence of amide local anaesthetics in the epidural space could contribute to the therapeutic failure of an epidural autologous blood patch. Ropivacaine is an aminoamide local anaesthetic increasingly used for epidural analgesia and anaesthesia, particularly in obstetric practice. This study was undertaken to investigate whether concentrations of ropivacaine in blood, which could occur clinically in the epidural space, alter coagulation or fibrinolysis. Thromboelastography was used to assess clotting and fibrinolysis of blood to which ropivacaine had been added. Although modest alterations in maximum amplitude, coagulation time and alpha angle were observed, the effect of ropivacaine on clotting and fibrinolysis was not clinically significant. We conclude that it is unlikely that the presence of ropivacaine in the epidural space would reduce the efficacy of an early or prophylactic epidural blood patch.
|
['Adult', 'Amides', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Prothrombin Time', 'Ropivacaine', 'Thrombelastography']
| 10,460,568
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G09.188.390.150.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680'], ['D02.065.199.825', 'D02.092.146.113.825'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.830', 'E05.200.625.115.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence, etiology and risk factors associated with mortality of nosocomial candidemia in a tertiary care hospital in Istanbul, Turkey.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology and risk factors for mortality of patients with nosocomial candidemia.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This observational study was performed at Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, a tertiary care hospital with 750 beds, between the years 2004 and 2007. Fifty defined cases with a nosocomial bloodstream infection caused by Candida species were included in the study. All demographic, microbiological and clinical records for each patient were collected using a standardized form. Blood culture was performed by automated blood culture system, and those samples positive for yeast were subcultured on Sabouraud agar.RESULTS: The mean incidence density of nosocomial candidemia was 0.58/10,000 patient-days/year (range 0.17-1.4). Candidemia episodes increased from 0.17/10,000 to 1.4/10,000 patient-days/year (p < 0.0001). Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida accounted for 15 (30%) and 35 (70%) cases, respectively. The overall mortality was 56% and was significantly associated with stayingin the intensive care unit (odds ratio: 3.667, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-12.54, p = 0.034).CONCLUSION: This study showed that there was a significantly increased trend in the incidence of candidemia with high mortality during the study period.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Candidemia', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Turkey', 'Young Adult']
| 20,881,414
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.150.703.160.175.500', 'C01.150.703.492.500.500', 'C01.757.360.150', 'C23.550.470.790.500.360.150'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['N02.278.306.472.300'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Phosphorylation of NF-KB1-p50 is involved in NF-kappa B activation and stable DNA binding.
|
We have previously shown that NF-kappa B/Rel family members are physically associated phosphoproteins, and p105 and p50 are hyperphosphorylated after NF-kappa B activation. In this report, we further studied the phosphorylation involved in NF-kappa B activation in Jurkat T cells responding to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phytohemagglutinin. Immediately following stimulation, p50 is hyperphosphorylated, and a phosphorylated form of p50 (pp50) is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The kinetics of this nuclear translocation paralleled that of the appearance of an active kappa B DNA-binding complex. An at least 30-fold higher level of kappa B DNA binding was detected in pp50 than p50. The enhanced binding could be attributed to a much greater stability detected in the complex consisting of kappa B DNA and pp50, but not p50. These results suggest that phosphorylation of p50, and perhaps other family members as well, may be involved in the activation of NF-kappa B/Rel family transcription factors.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA', 'Humans', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'NF-kappa B', 'NF-kappa B p50 Subunit', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 7,982,908
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.260.600.124', 'D12.776.660.600.124', 'D12.776.930.600.124'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of three methods to detect free plasma antiplatelet antibodies.
|
We have compared three techniques for the detection of plasma circulating antiplatelet antibodies, i.e., the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT), the platelet radioactive antiglobulin test (PRAT), and the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). Frozen plasma samples from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or HIV-associated thrombocytopenia were used in the study. The PSIFT and PRAT showed the appropriate ease of performance necessary for screening purposes. The PSIFT is free of radioactivity hazards, but seemed to be less sensitive than the PRAT. The MAIPA is a useful tool to detect antibodies against glycoproteins (GPs) Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa. However, in comparison to PSIFT and PRAT, MAIPA is more time consuming, requires considerable technical expertise, and the identification of antiplatelet activity is highly dependent on the selection of an appropriate primary anti-GP monoclonal antibody. This could explain the lower prevalence of antiplatelet activity detected by MAIPA, in comparison to the frequency provided by the PSIFT and PRAT.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Autoantibodies', 'Blood Platelets', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 8,876,609
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamics of evolutionary radiation under ecological neutrality.
|
The most spectacular phenomenon of evolutionary biota is the explosive radiation that occurs in depauperate environments in which there are fewer competitors and predators, such as oceanic islands and crater lakes. Adaptation to divergent niches has been proposed as a major cause for this accelerated speciation. Here, we show that neutral mutation, genetic drift, and neutral community dynamics are sufficient to lead to radiation. In addition, these processes yield overshooting dynamics with a decline in species richness in the later stages of radiation. We constructed an ecologically neutral model for a community on an island with a uniform environment. For the speciation process, we introduced a null model with minimal assumptions in which the incompatibilities between alleles in different lineages evolve by a random accumulation of mutations via genetic drift. Our simulations showed that the speciation rate, extinction rate and genetic variation of the species colonizing the island rapidly increased to a sharp peak followed by a decrease that approached zero. Because the extinction rate reached a peak later than the speciation rate, the species richness initially increased, but declined in the later stage, exhibiting "overshooting". The highest species richness was found for the largest island at the largest initial population size. Accordingly, speciation is accelerated by the large population size of depauperate biota, whereas it is decelerated with increasing species richness from the decreasing population size. Explosive radiation without ecological divergence can occur in depauperate environments via neutral stochastic processes.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Biological Evolution', 'Computer Simulation', 'Ecosystem', 'Extinction, Biological', 'Genetic Variation', 'Species Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 27,297,287
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.510'], ['G05.365'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Normal recovery of the stratum corneum barrier function following damage induced by tape stripping in patients with atopic dermatitis.
|
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) constantly inflict mechanical damage to their skin by scratching induced by pruritus. On excoriated lesions of the cheek we found exceedingly high levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as compared to those in the normal skin of healthy subjects. However, it is not clear whether the skin of patients with AD also shows an abnormally slow recovery after mechanical damage. We compared the recovery of the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), after its complete removal by tape stripping, in patients with AD and age-matched healthy control subjects. On the normal-looking skin of the flexor forearm, we found no difference in the recovery process of the water barrier function of the SC between the two groups. This suggests that ability to reconstruct SC barrier function after mechanical damage is not impaired in AD patients.
|
['Adult', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Epidermis', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Water Loss, Insensible', 'Wound Healing']
| 9,217,838
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.635.500.750', 'G03.615.500.750', 'G07.410.810.500.750'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Surgical treatment of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma with invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract].
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors contributed to the recurrence of parathyroid carcinoma with the invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract and the outcomes of reoperation.METHODS: Six cases reviewed, in which the age ranged from 32 to 79 years old. The initial diagnoses and surgical procedures, the sites and surgical treatment of the recurrent disease, and the chemical markers, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium, were retrospectively studied. The preoperative PTH levels ranged from 860 to 2830 ng/L. In 4 patients the recurrence diseases were founded in the tracheoesophageal groove, of them one with invasion of the larynx only and one with invasion of the larynx and pharynx in addition to the trachea and esophagus involvement. Selective neck dissection for level II, III, IV and VI was taken in all cases in addition to the removal of the local recurrent diseases. Recurrent laryngeal nerves were so badly embedded in tumor tissue that they were intentionally resected in 4 patients although they were functionally normal before operation. Prophylactic tracheostomy was carried out in 5 cases.RESULTS: PTH level dropped more than 70% of that prior the operation at 10 min after the removal of the tumor-bearing tissues and to normal range within the first 2 hours postoperatively, and hypocalcemia disappeared in 2 days postoperatively. All cases experienced significant improvement in symptoms and signs in the first three days postoperatively. PTH and serum calcium levels were within normal range in 4 cases during the follow-up of 11 to 40 months, while hyperparathyroidism was encountered 8 and 11 months postoperatively in other 2 cases, respectively. Esophageal fistula, chylous fistula and dehiscence of sternotomy developed in 3 cases separately. Of 5 patients with tracheostomy, the tracheostomy tubes were removed two weeks in 4 cases and six weeks in the other one after operation.CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent parathyroid carcinoma even with invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract still has promising surgical outcomes. Both the precise localization of the recurrent diseases and the intraoperative PTH assay are importance to the successful treatment of these diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'Reoperation', 'Respiratory System', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 22,335,975
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.588.322.525', 'C04.588.443.680', 'C19.344.525', 'C19.642.713'], ['E04.690'], ['A04'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Use of video eyewear to manage distress in children during restorative dental treatment.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video eyewear in reducing disruptive behavior in a typical pediatric dental population during restorative treatment appointments.METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight 4- to 16-year-olds were recruited from a continuous sample of patients seen in an urban dental clinic. Direct observations of distress, self-reported measures of pain, and patient satisfaction were obtained in a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 different types of glasses: (1) wraparound video eyewear; and (2) sunglasses (typical treatment in this dental clinic).RESULTS: Analyses of covariance, using treatment condition (control vs experimental) as the primary independent variable and controlling for the effects of age, found that children wearing video eyewear glasses demonstrated significantly less disruptive behavior than those in the control group and that they liked their eyewear significantly better than those wearing the regular sunglasses.CONCLUSIONS: Wraparound video eyewear can be an effective approach to managing distress in children undergoing restorative dental treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dental Anxiety', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Eyeglasses', 'Humans', 'Video Recording']
| 23,211,912
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.470.132.300'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['E07.632.500.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
T cell receptor ligation triggers novel nonapoptotic cell death pathways that are Fas-independent or Fas-dependent.
|
Short-term culture of activated T cells with IL-2 renders them highly susceptible to apoptotic death triggered by TCR cross-linking. Activation-induced apoptosis is contingent upon caspase activation and this is mediated primarily by Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions that, in turn, are optimized by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-regulated signals. Although T cells from mice bearing mutations in Fas (lpr) or FasL (gld) are more resistant to activation-induced cell death (AICD) than normal T cells, a significant proportion of CD8(+) T cells and to a lesser extent CD4(+) T cells from mutant mice die after TCR religation. Little is known about this Fas-independent death process. In this study, we demonstrate that AICD in lpr and gld CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells occurs predominantly by a novel mechanism that is TNF-alpha-, caspase-, and p38 MAPK-independent and has morphologic features more consistent with oncosis/primary necrosis than apoptosis. A related Fas- and caspase-independent, nonapoptotic death process is revealed in wild-type (WT) CD8(+) T cell blasts following TCR ligation and treatment with caspase inhibitors, the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, or neutralizing anti-FasL mAb. In parallel studies with WT CD4(+) T cells, two minor pathways leading to nonapoptotic, caspase-independent AICD were identified, one contingent upon Fas ligation and p38 MAPK activation and the other Fas- and p38 MAPK-independent. These data indicate that TCR ligation can activate nonapoptotic death programs in WT CD8(+) and CD8(+) T blasts that normally are masked by Fas-mediated caspase activation. Selective use of potentially proinflammatory oncotic death programs by activated lpr and gld T cells may be an etiologic factor in autosensitization.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Caspases', 'Cell Death', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Models, Immunological', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'fas Receptor', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 12,444,127
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.146'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human B cell proliferation is stimulated by interleukin 2.
|
The proliferation of human B cells was studied for response to interleukin 2 (IL-2) produced in Escherichia coli using recombinant DNA technology. The IL-2 was found to be an homogenous preparation by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting using the anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody DMS-1. IL-2 was found to stimulate B cell proliferation. Activation of the B cells using anti-IgM antibodies increased this response. Resting T cells from the same donors were found to be less reactive to IL-2. The results suggest that human B cell proliferation can be stimulated by IL-2 alone.
|
['Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lymphocyte Activation']
| 3,872,838
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk of lung cancer and past use of cannabis in Tunisia.
|
The association between the use of cannabis and the risk of lung cancer is unclear. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among men in Tunisia and included 149 incident lung cancer cases and 188 controls. Tobacco smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer with odds ratios increasing linearly (p for trend < 0.0001) from 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-10.9) for former smokers to 17.1 (95% CI: 6.3-46.3) among current smokers who had smoked for >35 years. The odds ratio for the past use of cannabis and lung cancer was 4.1 (95% CI: 1.9-9.0) after adjustment for age, tobacco use, and occupational exposures. No clear dose-response relationship was observed between the risk of lung cancer and the intensity or duration of cannabis use. This study suggests that smoking cannabis may be a risk factor for lung cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cannabis', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Incidence', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Odds Ratio', 'Probability', 'Risk Assessment', 'Smoking', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Tunisia']
| 17,409,920
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.055.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.058.266.887']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Discussion on early clinical drug development in the target population with respect to the field of reproductive endocrinology.
|
The study populations taking part in early clinical drug development of reproductive endocrine treatments are discussed. After having compared subjects in phase I studies with subsequent target populations, the question was posed as to whether the inclusion of the later target population could accelerate the developmental process. This applies only to certain specific clinical questions that are posed in phase I studies. From the authors' perspective, the key goal of rapid and well-structured early drug development is to be attained by using reliable surrogate markers that are able to reflect the clinical effects.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Endocrinology', 'Female', 'Hormone Replacement Therapy', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection']
| 9,849,748
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.200', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.200', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.200'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['H01.158.782.323', 'H02.403.429.323'], ['E02.319.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of Parkinson disease with C17.2 neural stem cells overexpressing NURR1 with a recombined republic-deficit adenovirus containing the NURR1 gene.
|
To study the potential benefit of the NURR1 gene in Parkinson's disease (PD), we constructed a recombinant republic-deficit adenovirus containing the NURR1 gene (Ad-NURR1) and expressed it in transplanted neural stem cells (NSC). Ad-NURR1 was constructed, and NURR1 mRNA and protein expression were identified by in situ hybridization and western blot analysis, respectively. The identified NURR1 protein could directly or indirectly induce NSC differentiation into neurons. To identify a potential therapeutic use for the transfected NSCs, cells were transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. Histopathological and behavioral alterations were evaluated via immunohistochemistry and the ration test, respectively, in rats transplanted with NSCs with or without the Ad-NURR1 adenovirus. The Ad-NURR1 construct effectively expressed the NURR1 protein, which could directly or indirectly induce NSC differentiation into neurons. Both histopathological and behavioral alterations were seen in rats treated with NSCs with or without the Ad-NURR1 construct, although in the case of the latter, the benefits were more robust. These results suggest a potential therapeutic benefit for Ad-NURR1-expressing cells in the treatment of PD. The Ad-NURR1 modification induced NSC differentiation and therefore represents a potential therapy for PD.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Adrenergic Agents', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Neurons', 'Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2', 'Oxidopamine', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 17,879,263
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['D27.505.519.625.050', 'D27.505.696.577.050'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['D12.776.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.260.643.415', 'D12.776.826.209.415'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.872'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.930'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydrous manganese oxide doped gel probe sampler for measuring in situ reductive dissolution rates. 2. Field deployment.
|
In situ rates of reductive dissolution in submerged shoreline sediments at Lake Tegel (Berlin, Germany) were measured with a novel hydrous manganese (Mn) oxide-doped gel probe sampler in concert with equilibrium gel probe and sequential extraction measurements. Rates were low in the top 8 cm, then showed a peak from 8 to 14 cm, with a maximum at 12 cm depth. This rate corresponded with a peak in dissolved porewater iron (Fe) at 11 cm depth. Below 14 cm, the reductive dissolution rate reached an intermediate steady value. Lower rates at depth corresponded with increases in operationally defined fractions of carbonate-bound and organic- and sulfide-bound Mn and Fe as detected by sequential extraction. Observed rates of reductive dissolution, which reflect a capacity for Mn reduction rather than actual rates under ambient conditions, appear to correlate with porewater chemistry and sequential extraction fractions as expected in early sediment diagenesis, and are consistent with previous measurements of in situ reductive dissolution rates. Significant downward advection in this bank filtration setting depletes the Mn and Fe oxides in the sediments and enhances the transport of dissolved Fe and Mn into the infiltrating water.
|
['Manganese Compounds', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxides', 'Solubility', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 20,039,732
|
[['D01.530'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['G02.805'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification of the O antigen of Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis NCTC 9343 from phenol-water extracts by gel filtration and chromatography on deae-cellulose and hydroxylapatite.
|
O antigen extracted from whole cells of Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis NCTC 9343 with 45 per cent aqueous phenol has been purified by gel filtration and chromatography. First, the water phase was treated with RNase and DNase and passed through a column of agarose. The chromatographic procedures included ion exchange on a column of DEAE-cellulose and adsorption to hydroxylapatite. The O antigen was eluted from the DEAE-cellulose with a gradient of NaCl, and from the column of hydroxylapatite with 1 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. Inhibition of indirect haemagglutination was used to detect the O antigen in the eluates.
|
['Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacteroides fragilis', 'Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests', 'Hydroxyapatites', 'Phenols', 'Ribonucleases']
| 961,434
|
[['D23.050.161'], ['B03.440.080.094.152.400', 'B03.440.425.410.194.152.400'], ['E05.196.181.400.383.349'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D08.811.277.352.335'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.370', 'E05.200.812.735.370', 'E05.478.594.760.370'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300', 'D01.146.360.050.300', 'D01.578.122.477', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D08.811.277.352.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk of ischemic stroke after new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hyperthyroidism.
|
BACKGROUND: Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common reversible causes of atrial fibrillation (AF); nevertheless, the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with hyperthyroidism who present with new-onset AF is unclear.OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate the clinical outcome of hyperthyroidism-induced AF with regard to risk of ischemic stroke risk.METHODS: We prospectively studied the incidence, time course, and clinical predictors for ischemic stroke in patients with hyperthyroidism-induced AF (n = 160). They were compared with age- and sex-matched cohorts of hyperthyroid patients without AF (n = 160) and AF patients without hyperthyroidism (n = 160).RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable among the 3 groups. At 1 year, 86 hyperthyroid patients with AF (54%) and 92 patients with nonthyroid AF (58%) had spontaneous or pharmacological sinus conversion (P = .20). Ischemic stroke was observed in 15 hyperthyroid patients with AF (9.4%) versus 5 patients with nonthyroid AF (3.1%, P = .02), and 1 hyperthyroid patient without AF (0.6%, P < .001). Furthermore, the majority of ischemic stroke (>70%) in patients with AF occurred within the first 30 days of presentation, whereas AF was still present. Cox regression analysis showed that hyperthyroidism (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15 to 10.42, P = .03) and persistent AF (HR: 13.0, 95% CI: 2.88 to 58.80, P < .01) predicted the occurrence of ischemic stroke; warfarin therapy reduced the risk of ischemic stroke (HR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.79, P = .02).CONCLUSION: In hyperthyroid patients who presented with new-onset AF, there was an increased risk of ischemic stroke clustering during the initial phase of presentation. This should prompt early use of anticoagulation therapy in hyperthyroid patients with AF.
|
['Adult', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk']
| 19,187,905
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and their distribution in soils of fall places of rocket carriers in Central Kazakhstan.
|
In our research, three fall places of first stages of Proton rockets have been studied for the presence and distribution of transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (1,1-DMH). Results of identification of transformation products of 1,1-DMH in real soil samples polluted due to rocket fuel spills allowed to detect 18 earlier unknown metabolites of 1,1-DMH being formed only under field conditions. According to the results of quantitative analyses, maximum concentrations of 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole made up 57.3, 44.9 and 13.3 mg kg(-1), of 1-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole - 5.45, 3.66 and 0.66 mg kg(-1), of 1,3-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole - 24.0, 17.8 and 4.9 mg kg(-1) in fall places 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole was detected only in fall places 2 and 3 where its maximum concentrations made up 4.2 and 0.66 mg kg(-1), respectively. The pollution of soils with transformation products of 1,1-DMH was only detected in epicenters of fall places having a diameter of 8 to10 m where rocket boosters landed. The results of a detailed study of distribution of 1,1-DMH transformation products along the soil profile indicate that transformation products can migrate down to the depth of 120 cm, The highest concentrations of 1,1-DMH transformation products were detected, as a rule, at the depth 20 to 60 cm. However, this index can vary depending on the compound, humidity and physical properties of soil, landscape features and other conditions. In the surface layer, as a rule, only semi-volatile products of transformation were detected which was caused by fast evaporation and biodegradation of volatile metabolites.
|
['Dimethylhydrazines', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Kazakhstan', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Solid Phase Microextraction']
| 22,554,529
|
[['D02.442.600.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['Z01.252.100.420', 'Z01.542.931.440', 'Z01.586.950.440'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['E05.196.155.800.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sildenafil (Viagra) induces powerful cardioprotective effect via opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in rabbits.
|
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is the pharmacological agent used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. Because this drug has a vasodilatory effect, we hypothesized that such an action may induce a preconditioning-like cardioprotective effect via opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K (K(ATP)) channels. Rabbits were treated with sildenafil citrate (0.7 mg/kg iv) either 30 min (acute phase) or 24 h (delayed phase) before 30 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. Mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 5 mg/kg iv) was given 10 min before ischemia-reperfusion. Infarct size was measured by tetrazolium staining. Sildenafil caused reduction in arterial blood pressure within 2 min of treatment, which returned to nearly baseline levels 3 min later. The infarct size (% risk area, means +/- SE) reduced from 33.8 +/- 1.7 in control rabbits to 10.8 +/- 0.9 during the acute phase (68% reduction, P < 0.05) and 19.9 +/- 2.0 during the delayed phase (41% reduction, P < 0.05). 5-HD abolished protection with an increase in infarct size to 35.6 +/- 0.4% and 36.8 +/- 1.6% during the acute and delayed phase, respectively (P < 0.05). Similar acute and delayed cardioprotective effects were observed when sildenafil was administered orally. Systemic hemodynamics also decreased after oral administration of the drug. However, these changes were mild and occurred slowly. For the first time, we demonstrate that sildenafil induces acute and delayed protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, which are mediated by opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Piperazines', 'Potassium Channels', 'Purines', 'Rabbits', 'Sildenafil Citrate', 'Sulfones', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 12,181,158
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D12.776.543'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D02.065.884.675', 'D02.886.590.700.675', 'D03.383.606.854', 'D03.633.100.759.824'], ['D02.886.590'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Influence of PP2A activator on proliferation of HL-60 cells and analysis of PP2A activity changes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia].
|
In order to investigate the effect of PP2A activator and PP2A inhibitor on proliferation of HL-60 cells and analyze the changes of PP2A activity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), HL-60 cells were treated with FTY720 alone or in combination with okadaic acid (OA) for 24 hours in culture. Cell proliferation was assayed with CCK8 kit. In addition, 20 AML patients including de novo AML and relapsed AML were enrolled in this study. The activity of PP2A in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients was assayed with a PP2A Immunoprecipitation Phosphatase Assay Kit, the data were analyzed by software SPSS 16.0. The results indicated that as compared with control group, the proliferation of cells in FTY720 group was obviously inhibited (p < 0.05). The proliferation of cells in FTY720 + OA group was slightly inhibited as compared with the control group, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05), but there was significant difference between the FTY720 + OA and FTY720 groups (p < 0.05). The activity of PP2A in AML patients (453.67 ± 102.52 pmol phosphate) was obviously lower than that in the normal controls (673.29 ± 96.32 pmol phosphate), there was significant difference between them (p < 0.01). It is concluded that the activation or inhibition of PP2A can affect the proliferation of HL-60 cells in vitro. Compared with healthy individuals, the activity of PP2A in AML patients is obviously lower. PP2A protein playing a key role in the occurrence and development of AML may be valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Enzyme Activators', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Fingolimod Hydrochloride', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Okadaic Acid', 'Propylene Glycols', 'Protein Phosphatase 2', 'Sphingosine', 'Young Adult']
| 21,729,530
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D27.505.519.374'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D02.033.100.700.350', 'D02.033.455.706.431', 'D02.092.063.700.350'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.355.291.705', 'D23.946.580.710'], ['D02.033.455.706'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.706', 'D12.644.360.583', 'D12.776.476.561'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Heart rate variability after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective 3-year follow-up study.
|
BACKGROUND: Autonomic heart rate control is impaired after CABG. The aim of this study was to establish the temporal pattern of change in the decrease of HRV observed after CABG.METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve patients with coronary artery disease were assessed with 24-hour Holter recordings 2 days before CABG and 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after CABG. All the time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters decreased precipitately after CABG and were mostly recovered 3 months after CABG except mean NN, rMSSD, and pNN50. The ratio of LF to HF showed a slight decrease after surgery, recovered to preoperative values after 3 months, surpassed, and continued to increase 6 months after surgery. At 3 years of follow-up the recovery was complete. The rate of change of time-domain and frequency-domain parameters were calculated and their correlation with aortic cross-clamping time, number of vessels bypassed, the amount of cardioplegic used were sought and no statistically significant correlation was found.CONCLUSION: The recovery of HRV regardless to the preoperative state of the patients and their postoperative course implies that the early drop of HRV after CABG was related to the acute effects of surgery. Late complete recovery of HRV may be due to resolution of ischemia or use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Bradycardia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Period', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tachycardia']
| 12,167,187
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Post-dilution hemodiafiltration with a heparin-grafted polyacrylonitrile membrane.
|
The aim of this multicenter, prospective study was to explore the possibility of carrying out routine sessions of post-dilution hemodiafiltration with a polyacrylonitrile membrane grafted with heparin (HeprAN) and reduced anticoagulation. Forty-four patients from eight centers were included in the study and treated by means of post-dilution on-line hemodiafiltration with automatic control of TMP, according to three different modalities tested consecutively: phase 1, polyethersulfone filter primed with heparinized saline and anticoagulated with continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin 1000/h; phase 2, HeprAN membrane filter primed with saline without heparin. Anticoagulation: a 1000-unit bolus of unfractionated heparin at the start of session followed by a second one at the end of the second dialysis hour; phase 3, same filter and priming procedure as in phase 2; anticoagulation with nadroparin calcium at the beginning of treatment. Partial or massive clotting of the dialyzer occurred in less than 1% of sessions in phase 1; 10% and 7% in phase 2; and 1% and 2% in phase 3. Clotting limited to the drip chambers was observed in 13%, 34% and 12%, respectively. The study of coagulation parameters showed a better profile when low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was used in association with HeprAN membrane, while the generation of TAT complexes did not differ from that observed with the standard anticoagulation modality used in phase 1. Our results suggest that the HeprAN membrane can be used safely in routine post-dilution hemodiafiltration with reduced doses of LMWH.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Hemodiafiltration', 'Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 25,257,219
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['E02.870.300.200', 'E02.912.800.200', 'E04.292.471.350'], ['D09.698.373.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Selective Antiproliferative Withanolides from Species in the Genera Eriolarynx and Deprea.
|
Four new withanolides (2-5), together with 4â,7â,20-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,5,24-trienolide (1), were isolated from the aerial parts of Eriolarynx iochromoides. The antiproliferative activity of all compounds purified from E. iochromoides together with four withaphysalins and four physangulidines isolated previously from three Deprea species were evaluated against human solid tumor cell lines. Four withanolides showed antiproliferative activity comparable in potency to cisplatin. Selectivity toward cancer cells and interaction with P-glycoprotein of the active withanolides were evaluated.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Plant Components, Aerial', 'Solanaceae', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Withanolides']
| 31,070,367
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['A18.024'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.537.888', 'D04.210.500.247.808.756.904', 'D10.570.938.795.904', 'D23.704.500.904']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fluorescent sensing of mercury(II) based on formation of catalytic gold nanoparticles.
|
A fluorescence assay for the highly sensitive and selective detection of Hg(2+) using a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based probe was proposed. The assay was based on the formation of Hg-Au alloys, which accelerated the oxidization of o-phenylenediamine by dissolved oxygen to produce 2,3-diaminophenazine, a fluorescent product.
|
['Catalysis', 'Gold', 'Mercury', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 23,722,274
|
[['G02.130'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel in vitro multiple-stress dormancy model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis generates a lipid-loaded, drug-tolerant, dormant pathogen.
|
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) becomes dormant and phenotypically drug resistant when it encounters multiple stresses within the host. Inability of currently available drugs to kill latent Mtb is a major impediment to curing and possibly eradicating tuberculosis (TB). Most in vitro dormancy models, using single stress factors, fail to generate a truly dormant Mtb population. An in vitro model that generates truly dormant Mtb cells is needed to elucidate the metabolic requirements that allow Mtb to successfully go through dormancy, identify new drug targets, and to screen drug candidates to discover novel drugs that can kill dormant pathogen.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a novel in vitro multiple-stress dormancy model for Mtb by applying combined stresses of low oxygen (5%), high CO(2) (10%), low nutrient (10% Dubos medium) and acidic pH (5.0), conditions Mtb is thought to encounter in the host. Under this condition, Mtb stopped replicating, lost acid-fastness, accumulated triacylglycerol (TG) and wax ester (WE), and concomitantly acquired phenotypic antibiotic-resistance. Putative neutral lipid biosynthetic genes were up-regulated. These genes may serve as potential targets for new antilatency drugs. The triacylglycerol synthase1 (tgs1) deletion mutant, with impaired ability to accumulate TG, exhibited a lesser degree of antibiotic tolerance and complementation restored antibiotic tolerance. Transcriptome analysis with microarray revealed the achievement of dormant state showing repression of energy generation, transcription and translation machineries and induction of stress-responsive genes. We adapted this model for drug screening using the Alamar Blue dye to quantify the antibiotic tolerant dormant cells.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The new in vitro multiple stress dormancy model efficiently generates Mtb cells meeting all criteria of dormancy, and this method is adaptable to high-throughput screening for drugs that can kill dormant Mtb. A critical link between storage-lipid accumulation and development of phenotypic drug-resistance in Mtb was established. Storage lipid biosynthetic genes may be appropriate targets for novel drugs that can kill latent Mtb.
|
['Cluster Analysis', 'Coloring Agents', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lipids', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Oxazines', 'Phenotype', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Xanthenes']
| 19,562,030
|
[['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['D27.720.233'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G02.300'], ['D10'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D03.383.533'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D03.633.300.953']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.