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Disease-based mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: utility of the enterprise data warehouse.
|
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) remains a mainstay of enteral access. Thirty-day mortality for PEG has ranged from 16 to 43 %. This study aims to discern patient groups that demonstrate limited survival after PEG placement. The Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) concept allows an efficient means of integrating administrative, clinical, and quality-of-life data. On the basis of this concept, we developed the Vanderbilt Procedural Outcomes Database (VPOD) and analyzed these data for evaluation of post-PEG mortality over time.METHODS: Patients were identified using the VPOD from 2008 to 2010 and followed for 1 year after the procedure. Patients were categorized according to common clinical groups for PEG placement: stroke/CNS tumors, neuromuscular disorders, head and neck cancers, other malignancies, trauma, cerebral palsy, gastroparesis, or other indications for PEG. All-cause mortality at 30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 days was determined by linking VPOD information with the Social Security Death Index. Chi-square analysis was used to determine significance across groups.RESULTS: Nine hundred fifty-three patients underwent PEG placement during the study period. Mortality over time (30-, 60-, 90-, 180-, and 360-day mortality) was greatest for patients with malignancies other than head and neck cancer (29, 45, 57, 66, and 72 %) and least for cerebral palsy or patients with gastroparesis (7 % at all time points). Patients with neuromuscular disorders had a similar mortality curve as head and neck cancer patients. Stroke/CNS tumor patients and patients with other indications had the second highest mortality, while trauma patients had low mortality.CONCLUSIONS: PEG mortality was much higher in patients with malignancies other than head and neck cancer compared to previously published rates. PEG should be used with great caution in this and other high-risk patient groups. This study demonstrates the power of an EDW-based database to evaluate large numbers of patients with clinically meaningful results.
|
['Comorbidity', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrostomy', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate']
| 23,836,125
|
[['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation and Characterization of IgM and IgY Antibodies from Plasma of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).
|
Infectious diseases such as aspergillosis, avian malaria, and viral infections are significant threats to the conservation of penguins, leading to morbidity and mortality of these birds both in captivity and in the wild. The immune response to such infectious diseases is dependent on different mechanisms mediated by cells and soluble components such as antibodies. Antibodies or immunoglobulins are glycoproteins that have many structural and functional features that mediate distinct effector immune functions. Three distinct classes of antibodies have been identified in birds: immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin Y (IgY). In this study we aim to establish an efficient laboratory method to obtain IgM and IgY antibodies from plasma samples of healthy adult Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). The protocol was developed combining plasma delipidation, sequential precipitation with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate, and size-exclusion chromatography. The efficiency of the protocol and the identity of the purified IgM and IgY antibodies were confirmed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, one-dimensional and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and lectin binding assay. Structural and physicochemical properties of IgM and IgY from Magellanic penguins were consistent with those of other avian species. This purification protocol will allow for more detailed studies on the humoral immunity of penguins and for the development of high specificity serologic assays to test Magellanic penguins for infectious pathogens.
|
['Animals', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Spheniscidae']
| 26,292,539
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CesH Represses Cereulide Synthesis as an Alpha/Beta Fold Hydrolase in Bacillus cereus
|
Cereulide is notorious as a heat-stable emetic toxin produced by Bacillus cereus and glucose is supposed to be an ingredient supporting its formation. This study showed that glucose addition benefited on cell growth and the early transcription of genes involved in substrate accumulation and toxin synthesis, but it played a negative role in the final production of cereulide. Meanwhile, a lasting enhancement of cesH transcription was observed with the addition of glucose. Moreover, the cereulide production in ÄcesH was obviously higher than that in the wild type. This indicates that CesH has a repression effect on cereulide production. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CesH was an alpha/beta hydrolase that probably associated with the cell membrane, which was verified by subcellular localization. The esterase activity against para-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPC2) of the recombinant CesH was confirmed. Although no sign of ester bond cleavage in cereulide or valinomycin was demonstrated in in vitro assays, CesH could reverse the cereulide analogue sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis in vivo, by which toxin degradation was facilitated. Moreover, site directed mutations identified that the conserved catalytic triad of CesH might consist of Serine 86, Glutamate 199, and Histidine 227. These results help us to understand the regulation of cereulide production and provide clues for developing control measurements.
|
['Bacillus cereus', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Depsipeptides', 'Glucose', 'Hydrolases']
| 31,010,094
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.252', 'B03.353.500.100.218.252', 'B03.510.100.100.218.252', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.252', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.252'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D04.345.566.297', 'D12.644.641.297'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D08.811.277']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Which difficulties do GPs experience in consultations with patients with unexplained symptoms: a qualitative study.
|
BACKGROUND: Many general practitioners (GPs) struggle with the communication with patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). This study aims to identify GPs' difficulties in communication during MUS consultations.METHODS: We video-recorded consultations and asked GPs immediately after the consultation whether MUS were presented. GPs and patients were then asked to reflect separately on the consultation in a semi-structured interview while watching the consultation. We selected the comments where GPs experienced difficulties or indicated they should have done something else and analysed these qualitatively according to the principles of constant comparative analysis. Next, we selected those video-recorded transcripts in which the patient also experienced difficulties; we analysed these to identify problems in the physician-patient communication.RESULTS: Twenty GPs participated, of whom two did not identify any MUS consultations. Eighteen GPs commented on 39 MUS consultations. In 11 consultations, GPs did not experience any difficulties. In the remaining 28 consultations, GPs provided 84 comments on 60 fragments where they experienced difficulties. We identified three issues for improvement in the GPs' communication: psychosocial exploration, structure of the consultation (more attention to summaries, shared agenda setting) and person-centredness (more attention to the reason for the appointment, the patient's story, the quality of the contact and sharing decisions). Analysis of the patients' views on the fragments where the GP experienced difficulties showed that in the majority of these fragments (n = 42) the patients' comments were positive. The video-recorded transcripts (n = 9) where the patient experienced problems too were characterised by the absence of a dialogue (the GP being engaged in exploring his/her own concepts, asking closed questions and interrupting the patient).CONCLUSION: GPs were aware of the importance of good communication. According to them, they could improve their communication further by paying more attention to psychosocial exploration, the structure of the consultation and communicating in a more person-centred way. The transcripts where the patient experienced problems too, were characterised by an absence of dialogue (focussing on his/her own concept, asking closed questions and frequently interrupting the patient).
|
['Communication', 'Female', 'General Practitioners', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Medically Unexplained Symptoms', 'Middle Aged', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Qualitative Research']
| 31,884,966
|
[['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['M01.526.485.810.485', 'N02.360.810.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['C23.888.541'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['H01.770.644.241.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults--United States, 1999.
|
In the United States, the number of persons reporting disabling conditions increased from 49 million during 1991-1992 to 54 million during 1994-1995. During 1996, direct medical costs for persons with disability were $260 billion. Surveillance of disability prevalence and associated health conditions is useful in setting policy, anticipating the service needs of health systems, assisting state programs, directing health promotion and disease prevention efforts, and monitoring national health objectives. The U.S. Bureau of the Census and CDC analyzed data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to determine national prevalence estimates of adults with disabilities and associated health conditions. This report summarizes findings of that analysis, which indicate that disability continues to be an important public health problem, even among working adults, and arthritis or rheumatism, back or spine problems, and heart trouble/hardening of the arteries remain the leading causes. Better health promotion and disease prevention may reduce the prevalence of disability-associated health conditions.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Arthritis', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cost of Illness', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Health Planning', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Spinal Diseases', 'United States']
| 11,393,491
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114'], ['C14'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['M01.150'], ['N03.349', 'N03.706.615.302'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C05.116.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Improving immunization rates: initial results from a team-based, systems change approach.
|
OBJECTIVE: The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed a quality improvement (QI) program to address deficiencies in immunization rates, primarily for influenza, and determine the program's impact on adult immunization.DESIGN: An interventional study using a pre-post design. Three cohorts of physician practices were invited from a random sample of 2000 to attend 1-day training sessions in 2004, 2005, and 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Participants performed data abstractions and developed QI plans. Baseline data were compared with follow-up.RESULTS: Fifty-five practices received training, 39 practices provided baseline data, and 11 practices provided follow-up data, reporting on 4208 patients. Baseline rates for influenza were 51% for cohort 1, 42% for cohort 2, and 59% for cohort 3. Follow-up data collection is ongoing.CONCLUSION: Rates increased for patients with private insurance and patients aged 50 to 64 years, suggesting that many providers attending the training were unaware of the need to vaccinate these patients.
|
['Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Vaccination']
| 18,539,978
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mitochondrial genomes of the green macroalga Ulva pertusa (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta): novel insights into the evolution of mitogenomes in the Ulvophyceae.
|
To further understand the trends in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes or mtDNAs) in the Ulvophyceae, the mitogenomes of two separate thalli of Ulva pertusa were sequenced. Two U. pertusa mitogenomes (Up1 and Up2) were 69,333 bp and 64,602 bp in length. These mitogenomes shared two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 28 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 29 protein-coding genes, and 12 open reading frames. The 4.7 kb difference in size was attributed to variation in intron content and tandem repeat regions. A total of six introns were present in the smaller U. pertusa mtDNA (Up2), while the larger mtDNA (Up1) had eight. The larger mtDNA had two additional group II introns in two genes (cox1 and cox2) and tandem duplication mutations in noncoding regions. Our results showed the first case of intraspecific variation in chlorophytan mitogenomes and provided further genomic data for the undersampled Ulvophyceae.
|
['China', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'Genome, Plant', 'Ulva']
| 28,677,163
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['B01.650.940.150.900']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Design dependent loss of telemetry: uplink telemetry hold.
|
Bidirectional telemetry in cardiac pacing is the ability of the programmer to communicate with the pacemaker and vice versa. It is an essential capability if one is to interrogate the pacemaker as to its programmed parameters and to access the diagnostic capabilities incorporated in the present generation pacemakers. Pacemaker to programmer telemetry capability was lost in two Medtronic SymbiosR pacemakers due to a design eccentricity termed "uplink telemetry hold". It is initiated by a complex sequence of spontaneous sensed and internal timing events, once activated it cannot be reversed in the clinical setting. It is potentially dangerous in that the subsequent application of a magnet over the pacemaker can result in total output inhibition. The initiating sequence of events included activation of the "cancel magnet" command. If that command is not activated, "uplink telemetry hold" cannot occur. Once telemetry uplink hold does occur, the pulse generator should be replaced.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure', 'Heart Block', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Software', 'Telemetry']
| 2,471,168
|
[['E05.320'], ['E05.325'], ['C14.280.067.558', 'C14.280.123.500', 'C23.550.073.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.520.750', 'E05.925', 'L01.178.847.675']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exploring selectivity requirements for COX-2 versus COX-1 binding of 3,4-diaryloxazolones using E-state index.
|
Considering the importance of developing selective COX-2 inhibitors, the present paper explores selectivity requirements for COX-2 versus COX-1 binding of 3,4-diaryloxazolones using electrotopological state (E-state) index. The study also shows the utility of E-state index in developing statistically acceptable model having direct physicochemical significance: electron density distribution of different atoms of the oxazolone ring and attached two phenyl rings are important for the selective binding with COX-2 over COX-1. Moreover, the use of indicator variable shows that presence of ortho R(1) substituent (except fluoro) on the N(3)-phenyl ring decreases COX-2 selectivity. Further, an amino substituent at R(2) position (i.e., sulfonamide compound) is favorable for increasing COX-2 selectivity when the R(3) position is unsubstituted.
|
['Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Isoenzymes', 'Oxazolone', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 14,552,773
|
[['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D08.811.600.720.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D03.383.129.462.620'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist in its host is central to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. PerM, an integral membrane protein, is required for persistence of Mtb in mice. Here, we show that perM deletion caused a cell division defect specifically during the chronic phase of mouse infection, but did not affect Mtb's cell replication during acute infection. We further demonstrate that PerM is required for cell division in chronically infected mice and in vitro under host-relevant stresses because it is part of the mycobacterial divisome and stabilizes the essential divisome protein FtsB. These data highlight the importance of sustained cell division for Mtb persistence, define condition-specific requirements for cell division and reveal that survival of Mtb during chronic infection depends on a persistence divisome.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Division', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Lung', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Phenotype', 'Tuberculosis']
| 31,751,212
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308.300'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['G05.695'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
INCREASING DIVERSITY IN OUR SCHOOLS OF NURSING.
|
This article will review one school's quest to address the multi-level social, historical, environmental and structural determinants faced by under-represented ethnic minorities (UREM) and disadvantaged background (DB) students as they seek entrance into a nursing program. Nursing Network Careers and Technology (NN-CAT) provides a nursing career network for underrepresented and disadvantaged students in western North Carolina and has increased the number of underrepresented and disadvantaged students who are admitted, retained and graduate with a bachelor's degree in nursing from Western Carolina University. Initial data from this NN-CAT program have demonstrated that addressing social determinants and eliminating barriers can increase the number of UREM and educationally disadvantaged students who successfully matriculate in our schools of Nursing and subsequently graduate. These nurses then enter the workforce and provide culturally meaningful care in their local communities.
|
['Career Choice', 'Cultural Diversity', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Educational Status', 'Humans', 'Minority Groups', 'North Carolina', 'Schools, Nursing']
| 27,439,229
|
[['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['I01.076.201.450.350', 'I01.880.853.100.450'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.853.300'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['I02.783.495.623']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[International cooperation in combatting illicit drugs in Mozambique].
|
Countries from Southern Africa have formed a Development Community (SADC) to stimulate common actions in several areas, among them illicit drugs combat. In this context, the goal of this qualitative study was to identify information and perception about the cooperation set up between Mozambique and other SADC members in combatting illicit drugs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with public employees developing actions directed at the implementation of the Protocol to Combat Drugs in SADC. After transcriptions, the interviews were analyzed by content analysis and resulted in the categories: "Mozambique as a drugs corridor", "Cooperation Initiatives on Drugs among African countries", "Cooperation Difficulties in Africa", "Problems in Protocol Implementation" and "Difficulties to implement a control policy". As a consequence, there is a need to review and update the policies and strategies in the drugs area, as they are not contextualized in the country's current reality.
|
['Africa, Southern', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'International Cooperation', 'Mozambique', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 21,739,058
|
[['Z01.058.290.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['I01.615.500'], ['Z01.058.290.175.545'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Molecular properties of a novel, hydrophilic cation-binding protein associated with the plasma membrane.
|
A new type of protein was found in Arabidopsis thaliana, PCaP1, which is rich in glutamate and lysine residues. The protein bound (45)Ca(2+) even in the presence of a high concentration of Mg(2+). Real-time polymerase chain reaction and histochemical analysis of promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions revealed that PCaP1 was expressed in most organs. The PCaP1 protein was detected immunochemically in these organs. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with Cu(2+), sorbitol, or flagellin oligopeptide enhanced the transcription. On the other hand, other sugars, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, dehydration, and low temperature had little or no effect on PCaP1 transcript abundance. The transient expression of PCaP1 fused to green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis cells and the subcellular fractionation of tissue homogenate showed that PCaP1 protein is localized to the plasma membrane, although PCaP1 has no predicted transmembrane domain. PCaP1 was associated with the plasma membrane under natural conditions and was released from the membrane at high concentrations of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) in vitro. These results suggest that the hydrophilic protein PCaP1 binds Ca(2+) and other cations and is stably associated with the plasma membrane.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cations', 'Cell Membrane', 'Flowers', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Roots', 'Plant Shoots', 'Plant Stems']
| 17,264,065
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['G05.308.375'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.400'], ['A18.024.875'], ['A18.024.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by G-protein coupled receptors in human foetal lung fibroblasts.
|
The pharmacological profile of adenylyl cyclase activity was analysed in WI-38 human foetal lung fibroblasts. Among various agents that act through G-protein coupled receptors, only the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol stimulated and the tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SRIF, sst) inhibited the enzyme activity. The use of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology with appropriate cDNAs allowed us to identify the expression of four subtypes of SRIF transmembrane receptors (sst1-4 but not sst5 receptors) in this cell line. By RT-PCR and immunochemistry techniques, we also demonstrated the expression of stimulatory (alpha(s)) and inhibitory (alpha(i1), alpha(i2) and alpha(i3)) G-protein subunits. The known role of the adenylyl cyclase system in cell proliferation and differentiation mechanisms together with the present analysis of the corresponding regulatory network in fibroblasts of human foetal lung add knowledge on the cell line WI-38 that is widely used as a model system in studying cell growth. The importance of this cell class in normal and abnormal lung function and development reinforces the significance of these results.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Fetus', 'Fibroblasts', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'Isoproterenol', 'Kinetics', 'Lung', 'Receptors, Somatostatin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Somatostatin']
| 11,062,332
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['A16.378'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.850', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.800'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mode of action of antitumour antibiotics. spectrophotometric studies on the interaction of chromomycin A3 with DNA and chromatin of normal and neoplastic tissue.
|
The binding of chromomycin A3, an antitumour antibiotic, to various DNA and chromatin isolated from mouse and rat liver, mouse fibrosarcoma and Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells was studied spectrophotometrically at 29 degrees C in 10-2 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, containing small amounts of MgCl2 (4.5-10-5--25-10-5 M). An isobestic point at 415 nm was observed when chromomycin A3 was gradually titrated with DNA/chromatin and its spectrum shifted towards higher wavelength. The rates and extent of these spectral changes were found to be dependent on the concentration of Mg2+. The change in absorbance at 440 nm was used to calculate apparent binding constant (Kap M-1) and sites per nucleotide (n) from Scatchard plots for various DNA and chromatins. As expected, values of n for chromatin (0.06-0.10) were found to be lower than found for corresponding DNA (0.10-0.15). Apparently no such correlation exists between binding constants (Kap M-1)-10-4) of DNA (6.4--11.2) and of chromatin (3.1--8.3), but Kap M-1 of chromatin isolated from mouse fibrosarcoma and Yoshida ascites sarcoma are 1.5--3 times higher than that found for mouse and rat liver chromatin. These differences may be taken to indicate structural difference in nucleoprotein complexes caused by neoplasia. The relevance of this finding to tumour suppressive action of chromomycin A3 is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Chromatin', 'Chromomycins', 'DNA', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Magnesium', 'Mice', 'Rats', 'Sarcoma, Yoshida', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 1,125,225
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['D09.408.210'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C04.557.450.795.830.850', 'C04.619.857.822'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First report of human anisakidosis in Australia.
|
We present the first human case of anisakidosis acquired from eating locally caught fish in Australia. A 41-year-old woman experienced gastrointestinal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea of increasing severity over 3 weeks. All symptoms resolved spontaneously after a worm was passed in her faeces. Microscopic examination showed that it was a Contracaecum species larva of the family Anisakidae. Anisakidosis should be considered in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who have recently eaten seafood.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Anisakiasis', 'Anisakis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Larva', 'Seafood']
| 21,401,462
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.100.060', 'C01.610.432.060', 'C06.405.469.452.060'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G07.203.300.600.875', 'J02.500.600.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Parity-related molecular signatures and breast cancer subtypes by estrogen receptor status.
|
INTRODUCTION: Relationships of parity with breast cancer risk are complex. Parity is associated with decreased risk of postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, but may increase risk for basal-like breast cancers and early-onset tumors. Characterizing parity-related gene expression patterns in normal breast and breast tumor tissues may improve understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this complex pattern of risk.METHODS: We developed a parity signature by analyzing microRNA microarray data from 130 reduction mammoplasty (RM) patients (54 nulliparous and 76 parous). This parity signature, together with published parity signatures, was evaluated in gene expression data from 150 paired tumors and adjacent benign breast tissues from the Polish Breast Cancer Study, both overall and by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status.RESULTS: We identified 251 genes significantly upregulated by parity status in RM patients (parous versus nulliparous; false discovery rate = 0.008), including genes in immune, inflammation and wound response pathways. This parity signature was significantly enriched in normal and tumor tissues of parous breast cancer patients, specifically in ER-positive tumors.CONCLUSIONS: Our data corroborate epidemiologic data, suggesting that the etiology and pathogenesis of breast cancers vary by ER status, which may have implications for developing prevention strategies for these tumors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Risk Factors', 'Transcriptome', 'Young Adult']
| 25,005,139
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MiR-7-5p is frequently downregulated in glioblastoma microvasculature and inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation by targeting RAF1.
|
The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is always associated with tumor development and progression. Microvascular proliferation is one of the unique pathologic features of glioblastoma (GBM) . In this study, the microvasculature from GBM or normal brain tissue derived from neurosurgeries was purified and total RNA was isolated from purified microvasculature. The difference of miRNA expression profiles between glioblastoma microvasculature and normal brain capillaries was investigated. It was found that miR-7-5p in GBM microvessels was significantly reduced compared with that in normal brain capillaries. In the in vitro experiments, overexpression of miR-7-5p significantly inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation. Forced expression of miR-7-5p in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro significantly reduced the protein level of RAF1 and repressed the activity of the luciferase, a reporter vector carrying the 3'-untranslated region of RAF1. These findings indicate that RAF1 is one of the miR-7-5p target genes. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation between miR-7-5p expression and RAF1 protein level in GBM microvasculature was found. These data suggest that miR-7-5p functions as a tumor suppressor gene to regulate GBM microvascular endothelial cell proliferation potentially by targeting the RAF1 oncogene, implicating an important role for miR-7-5p in the pathogenesis of GBM. It may serve as a guide for the antitumor angiogenesis drug development.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Down-Regulation', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Microvessels', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcriptome']
| 25,027,403
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A07.015.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.500', 'D12.644.360.400.842.500', 'D12.776.476.400.842.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Processing order in dual-task situations: The "first-come, first-served" principle and the impact of task order instructions.
|
When two overlapping tasks are processed, they hit a bottleneck at a central processing stage that prevents simultaneous processing of the two tasks. Thus far, however, the factors determining the processing order of the tasks at the bottleneck are unknown. The present study was designed to (re)investigate whether the arrival times of the two tasks at the central bottleneck are a key determinant of the processing order (cf. Sigman & Dehaene, 2006). To this end, we implemented a visual-auditory dual task with a random stimulus order, in which we manipulated arrival time by prolonging the initial, perceptual processing stage (stimulus analysis) of the visual task and compared the effects of this manipulation with those of one impacting the central bottleneck stage of the visual task. Additionally, we implemented two instruction conditions: Participants were told to respond either in the order of stimulus presentation or in the order they preferred. The manipulation of the visual perception stage led to an increase in task response reversals (i.e., the response order was different from the order of stimulus presentation), whereas there was no such increase when the bottleneck stage was manipulated. This pattern provides conclusive evidence that the processing order at the bottleneck is (at least in part) determined by the arrival times of the tasks at that point. Reaction time differences between the two instruction conditions indicated that additional control processes are engaged in determining task processing order when the participants are expressly told to respond in the order of stimulus presentation.
|
['Adult', 'Auditory Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Refractory Period, Psychological', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 29,978,280
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.796.817.559', 'F02.830.650.400', 'F04.669.817.559'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Experience in toxicological monitoring in Moscow].
|
A technology for the toxicological monitoring of chemical poisoning cases in Moscow is described. Its results over 2002-2006 are presented. The distribution of poisonings by causes, gender, and age, pattern, and occurrence circumstances is analyzed. A number of difficulties arising from the filling toxicological monitoring record form No. 58-1/y are discussed. The problems facing the participants of monitoring are given.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Moscow', 'Poisoning', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Urban Population', 'Young Adult']
| 20,135,873
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.433.653', 'Z01.542.248.775.510'], ['C25.723'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N01.600.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neuropeptide Y directly affects ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis.
|
The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY; 0, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/mL) on the expression of PCNA, bax and p53 were examined by immunocytochemistry in porcine luteinized granulosa cells. NPY inhibited proliferation as well as promoted apoptosis and accumulation of p53 in the cells. This is the first report to demonstrate the direct action of NPY on ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results of the study suggest that the effect is mediated by transcription factor p53.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Swine', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 26,679,167
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G05.308'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['D12.644.400.500', 'D12.776.631.650.500'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: morphological verification and differential diagnosis].
|
Poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is a stage in the development of anaplastic carcinoma from well-differentiated neoplastic transformation of follicular epithelium. Such tumors differ with respect to histological pattern and age. For instance, patients, aged 50 and more, revealed great nodular size (50-70 mm), marked invasion, large cells with high mitotic index and solid and/or insular pattern. In the group under 40, incapsulated poorly-differentiated tumors were more frequent; they had trabecular histological pattern alone with a much smaller size (ca. 30mm). Further clinico-morphological studies might solve the problem of the connection between cyto- and histological pattern, on the one hand, and clinical course and prognosis, on the other.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitotic Index', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 16,715,703
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adenovirus DNA synthesis in vitro is inhibited by the virus-coded major core protein.
|
The effects of the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) structural proteins on Ad DNA synthesis in vitro have been examined. Both of the viral core proteins, polypeptides V and VII were shown to inhibit Ad2 DNA synthesis in vitro; however, only the major core protein, polypeptide VII, inhibited DNA synthesis at a ratio of protein to DNA proportional to the number of polypeptide VII molecules associated with the Ad2 DNA in the mature virion. In addition, fractions containing the precursor to polypeptide VII, pVII, were capable of inhibiting Ad2 DNA replication in vitro to the same extent as polypeptide VII. Purified polypeptide VII bound to double-stranded DNA with no apparent sequence specificity. In addition, polypeptide VII protected Ad2 DNA from digestion with micrococcal nuclease. The binding of polypeptide VII was probably responsible for the inhibition of Ad2 DNA synthesis in vitro by virtue of rendering the DNA inaccessible to viral replication proteins. These results suggest that the core proteins must be removed from the Ad2 genome before the template can function in genome replication and that assembly of pVII on Ad2 DNA can terminate the replication process.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'DNA Replication', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Micrococcal Nuclease', 'Thymine Nucleotides', 'Viral Core Proteins', 'Viral Structural Proteins', 'Virion']
| 3,962,184
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.500', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.500', 'D08.811.277.352.355.350.500', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.500'], ['D03.383.742.686.706', 'D13.695.201.789', 'D13.695.740.706'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.850'], ['D12.776.964.970'], ['A21.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum antibodies to capsular polysaccharide vaccine of group A Neissera meningitidis followed for three years in infants and children.
|
The persistence of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of group A Neissera meningitidis was studied in 2,030 persons vaccinated at the age of 10 weeks to 19 years and followed for three years. Both the initial antibody response and the persistence of elevated serum titers of antibody were markedly age-dependent. In infants younger than 12 months, a statistically significant antibody response was obtained after a booster dose of vaccine and was maintained for one year. In infants aged 12-17 months, the response after booster vaccination was higher and was maintained for two years. Children older than 17 months did not receive a booster injection. The initial response in the age group 18-23 months was good, but the decline of antibody level was more rapid, so that an elevated antibody titer was not maintained for more than one year. With increasing age, the decrease of the vaccination-induced antibody levels was progressively slower throughout the age bracket studied.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Immunization, Secondary', 'Infant', 'Meningitis, Meningococcal', 'Neisseria meningitidis', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial']
| 6,780,634
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.485', 'E05.478.550.550'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.625.549.449', 'C01.207.180.500.750', 'C10.228.228.180.500.750', 'C10.228.614.280.505'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.641', 'B03.660.075.525.520.500'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Unique CRF01_AE Gag CTL epitopes associated with lower HIV-viral load and delayed disease progression in a cohort of HIV-infected Thais.
|
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in controlling HIV-replication. Although numerous CTL epitopes have been described, most are in subtype B or C infection. Little is known about CTL responses in CRF01_AE infection. Gag CTL responses were investigated in a cohort of 137 treatment-na?ve HIV-1 infected Thai patients with high CD4+ T cell counts, using gIFN Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) assays with 15-mer overlapping peptides (OLPs) derived from locally dominant CRF01_AE Gag sequences. 44 OLPs were recognized in 112 (81.8%) individuals. Both the breadth and magnitude of the CTL response, particularly against the p24 region, positively correlated with CD4+ T cell count and inversely correlated with HIV viral load. The breadth of OLP response was also associated with slower progression to antiretroviral therapy initiation. Statistical analysis and single peptide ELISpot assay identified at least 17 significant associations between reactive OLP and HLA in 12 OLP regions; 6 OLP-HLA associations (35.3%) were not compatible with previously reported CTL epitopes, suggesting that these contained new CTL Gag epitopes. A substantial proportion of CTL epitopes in CRF01_AE infection differ from subtype B or C. However, the pattern of protective CTL responses is similar; Gag CTL responses, particularly against p24, control viral replication and slow clinical progression.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay', 'Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Viral Load', 'Young Adult']
| 21,826,201
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.508', 'E05.200.500.508', 'E05.242.551', 'E05.478.566.350.170.500', 'E05.478.566.380.360.500', 'E05.478.583.400.170.500', 'E05.601.470.350.170.500', 'E05.601.470.380.360.500'], ['D23.050.550.402'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Osteoporosis].
|
Calcium supplements should be used according to the dietary intakes. Daily vitamin D supplements have beneficial on bone and extraskeletal effects. Denosumab is registered in Switzerland for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and to prevent bone loss induced by sex hormone deprivation therapies in men and women. Zoledronate has a long-term efficacy on bone resorption in postmenopausal women and prevents bone loss induced by sex hormone deprivation therapies in both sexes. Teriparatide exerts beneficial effects on maxillary bone. Odanacatib decreases bone resorption and increases bone mineral density. Cinacalcet could be used as long-term treatment in case of hyperparathyroidism. Adverse events associated with the use of bisphosphonate are still under discussion. Strontium ranelate will not be introduced in Switzerland.
|
['Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Humans', 'Osteoporosis', 'Vitamin D']
| 21,400,947
|
[['D27.505.696.242'], ['D01.146.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Substrate Optimization in Baby Hamster Kidney Cell Culture for Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Using the Taguchi Method.
|
Cell culture is one of the most commonly used techniques in the production of biological products. Many physical and chemical parameters may affect cell growth and proliferation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chemical components as supplements using the experimental design method, which aimed at reducing the number of experiments. For this purpose, supplements including chemical components using four levels, with three replications in suspension and batch culture conditions, were examined for 72 hours using the Taguchi experimental design method. From the experiments, it was concluded that the culture media composition had a significant impact on final cell count and pH. High concentrations of different media composition alone were insufficient to ensure higher cell count. According to the results, this insufficiency was associated with an increase of 20% in the number of final cells. In the majority of cultures, the number of final cells at 48 hours increased relative to the number of final cells at 24 hours after culturing the cells.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus', 'Glucose', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kidney', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Proteins', 'Viral Vaccines', 'Vitamins']
| 32,742,521
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B04.820.578.750.070.250'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D12.776'], ['D20.215.894.899'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Connective tissue repair in zinc deficiency. An ultrastructural morphometric study in perforated mesentery in rats.
|
OBJECTIVE: To quantify measures of healing in zinc-deficient and healthy rats.DESIGN: Randomized study.MATERIAL: 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats.INTERVENTIONS: Zinc deficiency was induced in half the rats. All rats underwent laparotomy and standard perforations were made in the small intestinal mesentery with a scalpel. At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after operation 6 rats were killed by overdose of anaesthetic agents and the specimens of the mesentery were fixed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement of cellular volume density, surface density of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and surface density of the plasma membrane.RESULTS: Perforations started to close on day 4, and most were closed by day 10. Cellular volume density reached its peak between days 3 and 5, as did surface density of rough endoplasmic reticulum. There were no significant differences between the two groups for either measurement. The surface density of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, however, was significantly higher in controls than in zinc deficient animals on days 3-10 (p less than 0.001). The surface density of the plasma membrane was significantly higher in zinc-deficient animals on days 1-3 (p less than 0.04), and in control animals on days 5-10 (p less than 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Protein synthesis and formation of scar tissue were slightly lower in the zinc-deficient animals, and the higher plasma membrane surface density implies that contraction may be an important part of healing in the small intestinal mesentery in rats.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Connective Tissue', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Male', 'Mesentery', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Wound Healing', 'Zinc']
| 1,356,465
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A10.165'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.451'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G16.762.891'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Life-Space Mobility Change Predicts 6-Month Mortality.
|
OBJECTIVES: To examine 6-month change in life-space mobility as a predictor of subsequent 6-month mortality in community-dwelling older adults.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Community-dwelling older adults from five Alabama counties in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging.PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 1,000 Medicare beneficiaries, stratified according to sex, race, and rural or urban residence, recruited between November 1999 and February 2001, followed by a telephone interview every 6 months for the subsequent 8.5 years.MEASUREMENTS: Mortality data were determined from informant contacts and confirmed using the National Death Index and Social Security Death Index. Life-space was measured at each interview using the UAB Life-Space Assessment, a validated instrument for assessing community mobility. Eleven thousand eight hundred seventeen 6-month life-space change scores were calculated over 8.5 years of follow-up. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test predictors of mortality at subsequent 6-month intervals.RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-four deaths occurred within 6 months of two sequential life-space assessments. Controlling for age, sex, race, rural or urban residence, and comorbidity, life-space score and life-space decline over the preceding 6-month interval predicted mortality. A 10-point decrease in life-space resulted in a 72% increase in odds of dying over the subsequent 6 months (odds ratio = 1.723, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Life-space score at the beginning of a 6-month interval and change in life-space over 6 months were each associated with significant differences in subsequent 6-month mortality. Life-space assessment may assist clinicians in identifying older adults at risk of short-term mortality.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Alabama', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Mortality', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 28,152,168
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.100', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.100'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.550'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with impaired cellular immunity. Eight year survival without treatment.
|
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG), a non-neoplastic lymphoreticular disorder, was diagnosed in a 65-year-old woman. Chest radiographs demonstrated bilateral lower lobe nodular infiltrates. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung showed an infiltrate composed of plasma cells, lymphocytes and large histiocytic-like cells. Impairment of cellular immunity was found by in vivo as well as by in vitro tests. The clinical condition of the patient has remained stable for the last eight years without specific treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis', 'Mitogens']
| 6,641,317
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E05.481'], ['C08.381'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.600', 'C04.834.567', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.600', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.600'], ['D27.505.519.593.624']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ionic conductivity of the aqueous layer separating a lipid bilayer membrane and a glass support.
|
The in-plane ionic conductivity of the approximately 1-nm-thick aqueous layer separating a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayer membrane and a glass support was investigated. The aqueous layer conductivity was measured by tip-dip deposition of a POPC bilayer onto the surface of a 20- to 75-microm-thick glass membrane containing a single conical-shaped nanopore and recording the current-voltage (i-V) behavior of the glass membrane nanopore/POPC bilayer structure. The steady-state current across the glass membrane passes through the nanopore (45-480 nm radius) and spreads radially outward within the aqueous layer between the glass support and bilayer. This aqueous layer corresponds to the dominant resistance of the glass membrane nanopore/POPC bilayer structure. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements using dye-labeled lipids verified that the POPC bilayer maintains a significant degree of fluidity on the glass membrane. The slopes of ohmic i-V curves yield an aqueous layer conductivity of (3 +/- 1) x 10(-3) Omega(-1) cm(-1) assuming a layer thickness of 1.0 nm. This conductivity is essentially independent of the concentration of KCl in the bulk solution (10-4 to 1 M) in contact with the membrane. The results indicate that the concentration and mobility of charge carriers in the aqueous layer between the glass support and bilayer are largely determined by the local structure of the glass/water/bilayer interface.
|
['Electric Conductivity', 'Glass', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Potassium', 'Surface Properties', 'Water']
| 17,129,059
|
[['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['J01.637.437'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pathophysiological study of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis.
|
The aim of the present study is to define the characteristics of the clinical and histopathological features of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) cases with severe hemoptysis. We conducted a histological study of three patients clinically diagnosed as having CNPA who had hemoptysis for 5 years. A tuberculosis sequelae was found as the underlying disorder in all three cases. All patients had fever, general fatigue, and hemoptysis, and their chest computed tomographic images revealed fungus balls, cavity wall thickening, consolidation surrounding the cavity, and satellite foci. All had been treated with anti-fungal drugs and corticosteroids. However, all patients died from respiratory failure due to massive hemoptysis. Histopathological examination revealed that the cavity wall consisted of three layers comprised of necrotic, granulation, and fibrous tissue layers. Aspergilli were found in both the fungus ball and necrotic tissue comprising the inner layer of the cavity. In addition, most of the vessels were incompletely occluded with thrombosis and were necrotic, as well as showing local invasion of Aspergilli. Surgical intervention should be considered as a prior procedure for CNPA patients, because vessels at the cavity wall, whether occluded completely or incompletely, are usually necrotic and/or show local invasion of Aspergilli.
|
['Aged', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Aspergillus', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Hemoptysis', 'Humans', 'Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases, Fungal', 'Male', 'Radiography']
| 19,050,352
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.381.081'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C08.381.348', 'C23.550.414.896', 'C23.888.852.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.703.080.768.750', 'C01.150.703.492.688', 'C01.150.703.534.850.750', 'C08.381.472.850.750'], ['A04.411'], ['C01.150.703.534', 'C01.748.435', 'C08.381.472', 'C08.730.435'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Nocturnal pulse oximetry diagnosis for screening pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].
|
We evaluated the diagnostic value of pulse oximetry during sleep in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) caused by adenoid-tonsil hypertrophy. Subjects were 22 healthy children free of symptoms such as snoring, sleep apnea and oral breathing and 163 children suspected of OSAS with snoring or sleep apnea. Subjects were measured for percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sleep. Of those with suspected OSAS, 69 underwent adenotonsillectomy and were measured for SpO2, both pre- and postoperatively, then pre- and postoperative measurements were compared. After measurement, we analyzed three parameters: lowest saturation (LSpO2), the desaturation index, and total desaturation duration under 95% (TDD95). Few abnormal findings were seen in healthy children. We calculated the mean and standard deviation (SD) of each parameter and set borderlines of mean-2SD for LSpO2 and mean + 2SD for ODI and TDD95. With these borderlines, 105 children for LSpO2, 75 for ODI and 76 for TDD 95 were judged to be normal among the 163 with suspected OSAS. Histograms showed that the mode of each parameter was situated near the borderline. Comparison between pre- and postoperative measurements showed that the effect of the surgery strongly correlated with preoperative measurement in patients undergoing surgery. Assuming that a patient with postoperative improvement is positive, we calculated sensitivity and specificity for each borderline measurement. We found that if success is 100%, the borderline should be 87% for LSpO2, 3.5 for ODI, and 30.0 for TDD95. If success exceeds 90%, the borderline should be 90% for LSpO2, 2.0 for ODI, and 7.0 for TDD95. We therefore conclude that measurement of SpO2 during sleep is useful in screening for pediatric OSAS.
|
['Adenoidectomy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oximetry', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Tonsillectomy']
| 14,733,119
|
[['E04.580.068'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['E04.580.848']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in pancreatic delta-cells.
|
Antagonists of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1, CNR1) promote weight loss and decrease hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. While the endocannabinoid system may modulate islet hormone secretion, the cell-type expressing CB1 receptor in islets has not been fully resolved. In this study, we verified receptor gene expression in rodent islets and cell lines and examined the distribution of CB1 receptor in mouse, rat, and human islets by confocal immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. IF demonstrated CB1 receptor was present in beta-cell lines, but co-localized solely with somatostatin in the islet delta-cells of Zucker rats, C57BL/6 mice, and humans; no CB1 receptor expression was observed in alpha-, beta-, or pp-cells. Similarly, a rat somatostatinoma cell line, MSL-G2-Tu6, was found to express CB1 receptor. We also found monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) to be expressed in delta-cells and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) to be expressed in alpha-cells. The specific expression of CB1 in delta-cells suggests that the ECS may play a role in modulating islet hormone secretion. As there are some differences between our findings and previous reports, further studies, including detailed physiological studies of the effects of the ECS on islet function, are warranted.
|
['Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Monoacylglycerol Lipases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Somatostatin-Secreting Cells']
| 18,505,678
|
[['D08.811.277.087'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.100'], ['A03.556.875.875.440.854', 'A03.734.414.793', 'A06.300.414.793', 'A06.390.825', 'A10.615.550.291.825', 'A11.382.625.950', 'A11.436.294.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Screening for carriers of the avian cartilage proteoglycan core protein defect, nanomelia, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.
|
The avian mutation, nanomelia, is an autosomal recessive embryonic lethal. Homozygous embryos show hypoplasia of the limbs and a parrot-like beak. Biochemical studies have associated this phenotype with the absence of the major cartilage-specific proteoglycan core protein. In a previous study, a DNA polymorphism was identified at the 3' end of the core protein gene by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. This polymorphism is characterized by three electrophoretic variants (alleles), two of which are associated with the normal core protein gene and one of which segregates with the nanomelia mutation. This study documents that segregation of the latter electrophoretic variant can be used to substitute for progeny testing in the identification of carriers of the nanomelia mutation. Standard progeny phenotype tests were carried out in conjunction with genotype screening for the putative nanomelia-associated electrophoretic variant. We found the genotype data defining the nanomelia core protein gene locus to correlate with progeny phenotype test results.
|
['Aggrecans', 'Animals', 'Birds', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Electrophoresis', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Female', 'Genes, Lethal', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Heterozygote', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Proteoglycans']
| 8,228,166
|
[['D09.698.735.200.500', 'D12.776.395.650.750.687.100', 'D12.776.503.280.437.100', 'D12.776.860.300.140'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['E05.393.281'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['G05.380.383'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work among health care workers in Sweden.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work among Swedish health care workers (HCWs).METHODS: From a postal questionnaire study among a general Swedish working population (n = 12,186), we identified 2156 HCW (555 assistant nurses, 377 nurses, 109 physicians, and 1115 others), including 429 with mainly cleaning tasks (HCW-cleaning). The remaining respondents were classified as non-HCW. Multiple logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work between HCW and non-HCW, adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS: The prevalence of adult onset asthma was 4.3% in HCW and 3.0% in non-HCW (p = .003). Asthmatic symptoms during the past year were reported mainly by HCW-cleaning, 14.7%, in comparison to 8.3% among non-HCW (p < .0001). HCW had an increased odds ratio (OR) for asthmatic symptoms during the past year (OR 1.3, 95% CI (1.1-1.5)) and more prominent among assistant nurses (OR 1.5, 95% CI (1.1-2.0)) and HCW-cleaning (OR 1.9, 95% CI (1.4-2.5)). Respiratory-related absence from work in the past year was reported by 1.4% of non-HCW, 3.0% of HCW-cleaning, 2.9% of nurses, and 1.6% of assistant nurses. Taking smoking and age into account, there was still significantly increased respiratory-related absence from work in nurses (OR 2.0, 95% CI (1.1-3.8)) and in HCW-cleaning (OR 2.1, 95% CI (1.2-3.7)).CONCLUSIONS: HCW in Sweden, especially those with cleaning tasks, reported more respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work than the general working population. There is a need for longitudinal studies with detailed information on both occupational exposures and socioeconomic factors to explore what influences respiratory-related absence from work among HCW.
|
['Absenteeism', 'Adult', 'Asthma', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Prevalence', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden']
| 23,294,229
|
[['F02.784.692.107'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C24'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Blood Cell Classification Based on Hyperspectral Imaging With Modulated Gabor and CNN.
|
Cell classification, especially that of white blood cells, plays a very important role in the field of diagnosis and control of major diseases. Compared to traditional optical microscopic imaging, hyperspectral imagery, combined with both spatial and spectral information, provides more wealthy information for recognizing cells. In this paper, a novel blood cell classification framework, which combines a modulated Gabor wavelet and deep convolutional neural network (CNN) kernels, named as MGCNN, is proposed based on medical hyperspectral imaging. For each convolutional layer, multi-scale and orientation Gabor operators are taken dot product with initial CNN kernels. The essence is to transform the convolutional kernels into the frequency domain to learn features. By combining characteristics of Gabor wavelets, the features learned by modulated kernels at different frequencies and orientations are more representative and discriminative. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve better classification performance than traditional CNNs and widely used support vector machine approaches, especially as training small-sample-size situations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Blood Cells', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Wavelet Analysis']
| 30,892,256
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A11.118', 'A15.145.229'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E05.959', 'G17.915', 'L01.224.800.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pms2 suppresses large expansions of the (GAA·TTC)n sequence in neuronal tissues.
|
Expanded trinucleotide repeat sequences are the cause of several inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Disease pathogenesis is correlated with several features of somatic instability of these sequences, including further large expansions in postmitotic tissues. The presence of somatic expansions in postmitotic tissues is consistent with DNA repair being a major determinant of somatic instability. Indeed, proteins in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway are required for instability of the expanded (CAG·CTG)(n) sequence, likely via recognition of intrastrand hairpins by MutSâ. It is not clear if or how MMR would affect instability of disease-causing expanded trinucleotide repeat sequences that adopt secondary structures other than hairpins, such as the triplex/R-loop forming (GAA·TTC)(n) sequence that causes Friedreich ataxia. We analyzed somatic instability in transgenic mice that carry an expanded (GAA·TTC)(n) sequence in the context of the human FXN locus and lack the individual MMR proteins Msh2, Msh6 or Pms2. The absence of Msh2 or Msh6 resulted in a dramatic reduction in somatic mutations, indicating that mammalian MMR promotes instability of the (GAA·TTC)(n) sequence via MutSá. The absence of Pms2 resulted in increased accumulation of large expansions in the nervous system (cerebellum, cerebrum, and dorsal root ganglia) but not in non-neuronal tissues (heart and kidney), without affecting the prevalence of contractions. Pms2 suppressed large expansions specifically in tissues showing MutSá-dependent somatic instability, suggesting that they may act on the same lesion or structure associated with the expanded (GAA·TTC)(n) sequence. We conclude that Pms2 specifically suppresses large expansions of a pathogenic trinucleotide repeat sequence in neuronal tissues, possibly acting independently of the canonical MMR pathway.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Cerebellum', 'DNA Mismatch Repair', 'DNA Repair Enzymes', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Friedreich Ataxia', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Genomic Instability', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2', 'MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein', 'MutS Homolog 2 Protein', 'Mutation', 'Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion']
| 23,071,719
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['G02.111.222.220', 'G05.219.220'], ['D08.811.074'], ['D12.776.260'], ['C10.228.140.252.700.150', 'C10.228.854.787.200', 'C10.574.500.825.200', 'C16.320.400.780.200', 'C18.452.660.300'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D08.811.074.766.250', 'D08.811.277.040.025.215.250', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.600', 'D12.776.260.540.250'], ['D08.811.074.844.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.292.500', 'D12.776.097.537', 'D12.776.260.556.500'], ['D08.811.074.844.750', 'D08.811.277.040.025.292.750', 'D12.776.260.556.750', 'D12.776.624.664.700.130'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.140.865', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.850.200', 'G05.360.080.708.800.074.865', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.850.200', 'G05.360.340.024.189.220.865', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.850.200', 'G05.365.590.220.865', 'G05.558.220.865']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The autoantigen Ro52 is an E3 ligase resident in the cytoplasm but enters the nucleus upon cellular exposure to nitric oxide.
|
Patients with the systemic autoimmune diseases Sj?grens's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus often have autoantibodies against the intracellular protein Ro52. Ro52 is an E3 ligase dependent on the ubiquitin conjugation enzymes UBE2D1 and UBE2E1. While Ro52 and UBE2D1 are cytoplasmic proteins, UBE2E1 is localized to the nucleus. Here, we investigate how domains of human Ro52 regulate its intracellular localization. By expressing fluorescently labeled Ro52 and Ro52 mutants in HeLa cells, an intact coiled-coil domain was found to be necessary for the cytoplasmic localization of Ro52. The amino acids 381-470 of the B30.2 region were essential for translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, after exposure of HeLa cells to the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO), Ro52 translocated to the nucleus. A nuclear localization of Ro52 in inflamed tissue expressing inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) from cutaneous lupus patients was observed by immunohistochemistry and verified in NO-treated cultures of patient-derived primary keratinocytes. Our results show that the localization of Ro52 is regulated by endogenous sequences, and that nuclear translocation is induced by an inflammatory mediator. This suggests that Ro52 has both cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates, and that Ro52 mediates ubiquitination through UBE2D1 in the cytoplasm and through UBE2E1 in the nucleus.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Autoantigens', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytoplasm', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Protein Transport', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Transfection', 'Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Ubiquitination']
| 18,845,142
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D23.050.422'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.464.938.500'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased expression of p50-NF-kappaB and constitutive activation of NF-kappaB transcription factors during mouse skin carcinogenesis.
|
To elucidate the possible role of NF-kappaB in mouse skin carcinogenesis we studied the expression of p50 (NF-kappaB1), p52 (NF-kappaB2), p65 (RelA) and IkappaB-alpha inhibitor as well as kappaB-binding activity in adult SENCAR mouse skin, skin papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) generated by a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. We found that in normal epidermis all of the above proteins were mostly expressed in the cytoplasm of basal cells. Western blot analysis revealed a dramatic increase of p50 and p52 expression in mouse skin tumors starting from the middle stage of promotion. We also found that the level of IkappaB-alpha protein in many late papillomas and SCC was lower than in normal epidermis. Results of EMSA showed an increase in kappaB-binding activity in mouse skin tumors and suggested that p50 is the major component of constitutive kappaB-binding complexes in normal epidermis and in tumors. It has been shown that nuclear IkappaB protein Bcl-3 is able to increase p50/p50 homodimer binding to the different kappaB sites in mouse thymocytes. Our finding on Bcl-3 overexpression in late papillomas and SCC could explain the selective increase of p50-related kappaB-binding in mouse skin tumors. Thus, our results strongly suggest the important role of p50 in skin carcinogenesis.
|
['9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene', 'Animals', 'B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein', 'Carcinogens', 'Epidermis', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'I-kappa B Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred SENCAR', 'NF-kappa B', 'NF-kappa B p50 Subunit', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transcription Factor RelA', 'Transcription Factors']
| 10,602,501
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.149.301', 'D04.615.149.301'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.624.664.700.165', 'D12.776.930.714'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.644.360.365', 'D12.776.260.420', 'D12.776.476.381', 'D12.776.930.326'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.600', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.600'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.260.600.124', 'D12.776.660.600.124', 'D12.776.930.600.124'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selecting appropriate recall intervals for patients in general dental practice--an audit project to categorize patients according to risk.
|
UNLABELLED: In 2004, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was asked to prepare guidance for the NHS in England and Wales on the clinical need and cost-effectiveness of a dental recall examination for all patients at an interval based upon their risk from oral disease. (Dental Recall: recall interval between routine dental examinations). Unlike other NICE guidelines, this potentially applies to the whole population. The Department of Health wishes to reduce the number of'routine' six-monthly check-ups. Best practice now recommends that all patients undertake an oral health assessment prior to categorizing them into a recall programme. The article describes how an audit project was undertaken to establish compliance within General Dental Practice to the guidelines.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dentists and patients now have the opportunity to discuss appropriate recall intervals together and prescribe reviews at time periods appropriate to each patient's disease process and risk.
|
['Appointments and Schedules', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Dental Audit', 'Dental Caries Susceptibility', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'England', 'General Practice, Dental', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Needs Assessment', 'Periodontal Diseases', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Risk Assessment', 'State Dentistry', 'Wales']
| 18,507,227
|
[['N04.452.095'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N04.761.700.250.295', 'N05.700.175.250'], ['G10.549.140'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['H02.163.342'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['C07.465.714'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N03.787'], ['Z01.542.363.914']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for application of ascorbyl palmitate.
|
The aim of this study was to improve the chemical stability of ascorbyl palmitate (AP) in a colloidal lipid carrier for its topical use. For this purpose, AP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and for comparison, a nanoemulsion (NE) were prepared employing the high pressure homogenization technique and stored at room temperature (RT), 4 degrees C and 40 degrees C. During 3 months, physical stability of these formulations compared to placebo formulations which were prepared by the same production method, was studied including recrystallization behaviour of the lipid with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size distribution and storage stability with photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and laser diffractometry (LD). After evaluating data indicating excellent physical stability, AP-loaded SLN, NLC and NE were incorporated into a hydrogel by the same production method as the next step. Degradation of AP by HPLC and physical stability in the same manner were investigated at the same storage temperatures during 3 months. As a result, AP was found most stable in both the NLC and SLN stored at 4 degrees C (p > 0.05) indicating the importance of storage temperature. Nondegraded AP content in NLC, SLN and NE was found to be 71.1% +/- 1.4, 67.6% +/- 2.9 and 55.2% +/- 0.3 after 3 months, respectively. Highest degradation was observed with NE at all the storage temperatures indicating even importance of the carrier structure.
|
['Ascorbic Acid', 'Calibration', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Stability', 'Drug Storage', 'Electrochemistry', 'Excipients', 'Hydrogels', 'Liposomes', 'Microspheres', 'Particle Size', 'Temperature']
| 16,124,399
|
[['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['G02'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['H01.181.529'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.916.350'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['E07.565'], ['G02.712'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serum elevations of soluble Fas (CD95/apo-I) concur in deregulating T cell apoptosis during active lupus disease.
|
Apoptosis is deregulated in active systemic lupus erythematosus and Fas is overexpressed by T cells, although the role of its soluble form (sFas) is unclear. We have explored both the biological significance and structure of sFas in relation to the disease activity. Serum levels of both sFas and sFas-L were correlated with T cell apoptosis in 26 systemic lupus eythematosus patients along with measurement of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase and CK18. In addition, both proliferative rate and change of ploidy were measured in CD3+ cells after treatment with sFas. Both sFas and sFas-L correlated with apoptosis in patients with active systemic lupus eythematosus. Incubation with sFas greatly suppressed proliferation of CD3+ cells from inactive patients and healthy donors, whereas immunoprecipitation revealed both the 48-kDa full-length Fas and the 26-kDa splicing variant in sera from active patients. We postulate that sFas is released to exert a pro-apoptogen effect. It seems possible that the apoptosis program itself includes the shedding/secretion of different forms of Fas to spread a death signal.
|
['Apoptosis', 'CD3 Complex', 'Caspases', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mitochondria', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases', 'Protein Isoforms', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'fas Receptor']
| 12,049,185
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.095', 'D23.101.100.894.095'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.475'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690'], ['D12.776.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Making sausage--effective management of enterprise-wide clinical IT projects.
|
Unlike most other industries in which company employees are, well, company employees, U.S. hospitals are typically run by both employees (nurses, technicians, and administrative staff) and independent entrepreneurs (physicians and nurse practitioners). Therefore, major enterprise-wide clinical IT projects can never simply be implemented by mandate. Project management processes in these environments must rely on methods that influence adoption rather than presume adoption will occur. "Build it and they will come" does not work in a hospital setting. This paper outlines a large academic medical center's experiences in managing an enterprise-wide project to replace its core clinical systems functionality. Best practices include developing a cogent optimal future-state vision, communications planning and execution, vendor validation against the optimal future-state vision, and benefits realization assessment.
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['Diffusion of Innovation', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Hospital Information Systems', 'Organizational Objectives', 'United States']
| 15,869,213
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[['L01.143.320'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['N04.452.442.452.452', 'N04.452.515.360'], ['N04.452.615'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
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['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
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| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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| 1
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CHIN (community healthcare information network) provides vital healthcare linkages.
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When the term "electronic data interchange" (EDI) was first introduced, it referred to purchase orders, electronic claims, and electronic remittance processing. Those EDI applications are becoming commonplace now, however, and new applications for EDI technology are being developed. Healthcare financial managers should expect that the electronic data highways used for claims traffic eventually will transport both financial and clinical information. These electronic exchanges will not only be between payers and providers but also between hospitals, laboratories, physicians, and allied health professionals. The name commonly given to this view of an electronically linked healthcare world is the community healthcare information network (CHIN).
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['Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.', 'Comprehensive Health Care', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Financial Management, Hospital', 'Insurance Claim Reporting', 'Medical Record Linkage', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Referral and Consultation', 'United States']
| 10,145,934
|
[['I01.409.418.750.600.310', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.550'], ['N04.590.233'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['N02.278.216.500.875', 'N03.219.463.280', 'N04.452.442.452.180'], ['N03.219.521.576.210'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.500', 'N04.452.859.564.550', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.500'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
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['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
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An accumulation of tandem DNA repeats on the Y chromosome in Silene latifolia during early stages of sex chromosome evolution.
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Sex chromosomes in mammals are about 300 million years old and typically have a highly degenerated Y chromosome. The sex chromosomes in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia in contrast, represent an early stage of evolution in which functional X-Y gene pairs are still frequent. In this study, we characterize a novel tandem repeat called TRAYC, which has accumulated on the Y chromosome in S. latifolia. Its presence demonstrates that processes of satellite accumulation are at work even in this early stage of sex chromosome evolution. The presence of TRAYC in other species of the Elisanthe section suggests that this repeat had spread after the sex chromosomes evolved but before speciation within this section. TRAYC possesses a palindromic character and a strong potential to form secondary structures, which could play a role in satellite evolution. TRAYC accumulation is most prominent near the centromere of the Y chromosome. We propose a role for the centromere as a starting point for the cessation of recombination between the X and Y chromosomes.
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['Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Plant', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Sex Chromosomes', 'Silene', 'Species Specificity', 'Tandem Repeat Sequences', 'Y Chromosome']
| 16,612,641
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['A11.284.187.865', 'G05.360.162.865'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.250.655'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800', 'G05.360.080.708.800', 'G05.360.340.024.850'], ['A11.284.187.865.983', 'G05.360.162.865.983']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Amyloids and yeast prion biology.
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The prions (infectious proteins) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are proteins acting as genes, by templating their conformation from one molecule to another in analogy to DNA templating its sequence. Most yeast prions are amyloid forms of normally soluble proteins, and a single protein sequence can have any of several self-propagating forms (called prion strains or variants), analogous to the different possible alleles of a DNA gene. A central issue in prion biology is the structural basis of this conformational templating process. The in-register parallel â sheet structure found for several infectious yeast prion amyloids naturally suggests an explanation for this conformational templating. While most prions are plainly diseases, the [Het-s] prion of Podospora anserina may be a functional amyloid, with important structural implications. Yeast prions are important models for human amyloid diseases in general, particularly because new evidence is showing infectious aspects of several human amyloidoses not previously classified as prions. We also review studies of the roles of chaperones, aggregate-collecting proteins, and other cellular components using yeast that have led the way in improving the understanding of similar processes that must be operating in many human amyloidoses.
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['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amyloid', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Fungi', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Prions', 'Protein Conformation']
| 23,379,365
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['D12.776.354'], ['B01.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.785'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Collagen-collagen versus collagen-proteoglycan interactions in the determination of cartilage strength.
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For articular cartilage to function as a stress-reducing layer in the joint, it must both deform to an appropriate level to achieve load-spreading as well as remain structurally coherent. Combined micromechanical and enzymatic studies of cartilage have demonstrated that the bulk of the extractable proteoglycans, while essential to the maintenance of compressive stiffness, contribute little to its cohesive strength. The study reported here clarifies fundamental aspects of the relationship between matrix components and the biomechanical function of cartilage.
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['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cattle', 'Collagen', 'Electrophoresis', 'Proteoglycans', 'Tensile Strength']
| 2,222,534
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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| 0
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The pattern of fatal fibrinous pneumonia (shipping fever) affecting calves in a large feedlot in Alberta (1985-1988).
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Data from a retrospective field study were used to describe the epidemiology of fatal fibrinous pneumonia as it affected beef calves entering a large commercial feedlot in southwestern Alberta during the fall months of y 1985 to 1988. A chute-side computer system was used to record processing and health data on 58885 calves during this period. The large annual variation (10%-57%) in the proportion of total mortality due to fibrinous pneumonia indicated that crude mortality cannot be used in epidemiological studies as a surrogate measure of fibrinous pneumonia mortality. Yearly epidemic curves for fatal fibrinous pneumonia were very similar, with a short time interval (median, 19-22 d) between arrival and fatal disease. Fully 75% of the calves that died of fibrinous pneumonia already were sick within 2 weeks of arrival. Studies of the biological, environmental, and population factors that are present before and shortly after arrival at the feedlot are needed to identify strategies for reducing the incidence of fatal fibrinous pneumonia.
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['Alberta', 'Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Incidence', 'Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 8,748,443
|
[['Z01.107.567.176.064'], ['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['N06.850.290'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.675', 'C01.748.085.600', 'C01.925.782.580.600.600.648', 'C08.730.085.600', 'C22.196.090.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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Elevated BIS and Entropy values after sugammadex or neostigmine: an electroencephalographic or electromyographic phenomenon?
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BACKGROUND: Sugammadex is designed to antagonize neuromuscular blockade (NMB) induced by rocuronium or vecuronium. In clinical practice, we have noticed a rise in the numerical values of bispectral index (BIS) and Entropy, two electroencephalogram (EEG) - based depth of anesthesia monitors, during the reversal of the NMB with sugammadex. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to test this impression and to compare the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on the BIS and Entropy values during the reversal of the NMB.METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing gynecological operations were studied. Patients were anesthetized with target-controlled infusions of propofol and remifentanil, and rocuronium was used to induce NMB. After operation, during light propofol-remifentanil anesthesia, NMB was antagonized with sugammadex or neostigmine. During the following 5 min, the numerical values of BIS, BIS electromyographic (BIS EMG) and Entropy were recorded on a laptop computer, as well as the biosignal recorded by the Entropy strip. The Entropy biosignal was studied off-line both in time and frequency domain to see if NMB reversal causes changes in EEG.RESULTS: In some patients, administration of sugammadex or neostigmine caused a significant rise in the numerical values of BIS, BIS EMG and Entropy. This phenomenon was most likely caused by increased electromyographic (EMG) activity. The administration of sugammadex or neostigmine appeared to have only minimal effect on EEG.CONCLUSION: The EMG contamination of EEG causes BIS and Entropy values to rise during reversal of rocuronium-induced NMB in light propofol-remifentanil anesthesia.
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['Adult', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Electroencephalography', 'Electromyography', 'Entropy', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neostigmine', 'Neuromuscular Blockade', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sugammadex', 'gamma-Cyclodextrins']
| 22,289,106
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G01.906.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.877.674.666', 'D02.675.276.602'], ['E03.706', 'E05.635'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D04.345.103.444.500', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.444.500'], ['D04.345.103.444', 'D09.301.915.400.375.444', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.444']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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[2 cases of fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter].
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Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter, a mesodermal benign tumor, are rare. The first case of a fibroepithelial ureteral polyp associated with bilateral complete ureteral duplication and another case associated with bilateral hydronephrosis are reported. The first case suggested a malformative congenital etiology. The two fibroepithelial polyps were treated by conservative surgery.
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['Adult', 'Humans', 'Hydronephrosis', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Kidney Pelvis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Polyps', 'Ureter', 'Ureteral Neoplasms']
| 2,392,737
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.307', 'C13.351.968.419.307'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['A05.810.453.537'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.651'], ['C23.300.825'], ['A05.810.776'], ['C04.588.945.947.940', 'C12.758.820.875', 'C12.777.725.676', 'C13.351.937.820.875', 'C13.351.968.725.676']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Impact of nonresective operations for complicated peptic ulcer disease in a high-risk population.
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Over the past two decades, surgery for complicated peptic ulcer disease has evolved to a "less-is-more" approach due predominately to improved medical therapy. This study sought to determine whether a nonresective operative strategy has been an effective and prudent approach. A 20-year retrospective evaluation was conducted to compare outcomes of patients from the first decade (1990-1999) with those from the more recent decade (2000-2009). In all, 50 patients underwent surgery for complications of peptic ulcer disease, 36 in the early period and 14 in the later period, with 94 per cent being urgent or emergent. Acid-reducing procedures (vagotomy) decreased significantly from 29 to 7 over the two periods (P = 0.04), as did gastric resections from 23 to 3 (P = 0.01). The prevalence of H. pylori and use of NSAIDs both increased from 28 per cent to 36 per cent and 31 per cent to 43 per cent, respectively. Postoperative mortality remained unchanged, 22 per cent vs. 7 per cent (P = 0.41) over the two periods. Resections and definitive acid-reducing procedures continue to decline with no increase in adverse outcomes. This more moderate operative approach to complicated peptic ulcer surgery is appropriate given the trend towards lower mortality and improved medical treatment. In our high-risk veteran population, overall perioperative mortality, length of stay, and reoperations have been reduced.
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['Adult', 'Aged', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage', 'Peptic Ulcer Perforation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'United States', 'Veterans']
| 21,105,630
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210'], ['N02.421.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.227.700', 'C23.550.414.788.700'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.698', 'C06.405.748.586.698'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Second primary myogenic sarcoma in a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma.
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Retinoblastoma is the primary ocular malignancy affecting children under 6 years of age. The development of second malignant tumors in survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma is a well-known clinical entity and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Rhabdomyosarcomas as second primary tumors have been only rarely described. The authors report a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma who developed a myogenic sarcoma of the orbit after 5.5 years of diagnosis. The short latency period may be explained by tumor histology with the contribution of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis of second tumors is poor despite aggressive treatment.
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['Eye Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']
| 15,552,818
|
[['C04.588.364', 'C11.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.692'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.725', 'C04.557.470.670.725', 'C04.557.580.625.600.725', 'C04.588.364.818.760', 'C11.270.862', 'C11.319.475.760', 'C11.768.717.760'], ['C04.557.450.590.550.660', 'C04.557.450.795.550.660']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Skin cancer recognition by computer vision.
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Automatic detection of several features characteristic of basal cell epitheliomas is described. The features selected for this feasibility study are semitranslucency, telangiectasia, ulcer, crust, and tumor border. Image processing methods used in this study include frequency analysis of the Fourier transform of the image, the Sun-Wee texture analysis algorithm, and several other image analysis techniques suitable for skin photographs. This image analysis software is designed for use with AI/DERM, an expert system that models diagnosis of skin tumors by dermatologists.
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['Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Expert Systems', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Minicomputers', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Photography', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Skin Ulcer', 'Telangiectasis']
| 2,924,283
|
[['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['E01.171'], ['L01.224.050.375.190'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.224.230.260.580'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C17.800.893'], ['C14.907.823']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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The fluorescein isothiocyanate-binding site of the plasma-membrane H+-ATPase of Neurospora crassa.
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The mammalian (Na+,K+), Ca2+-, and (H+,K+)-ATPases contain a well-characterized lysine residue that reacts with fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate (FITC); enzymatic activity is protected by ATP, suggesting that the residue is located in or near the nucleotide-binding domain. In this study, the plasma-membrane H+-ATPase of Neurospora crassa is also shown to be sensitive to FITC. The reaction occurs with pseudo first-order kinetics, has a pKa of 8.0, and is stimulated by Mg2+. Enzymatic activity is protected by MgADP with a Kd of 0.2-0.3 mM, close to the Ki with which MgADP serves as a competitive inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis. A tryptic peptide labeled with FITC in the absence, but not in the presence, of MgADP has been isolated and sequenced. The FITC-sensitive residue is Lys474, located in a region that exhibits significant homology with the mammalian cation-transporting ATPases.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Fluoresceins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neurospora', 'Neurospora crassa', 'Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Thiocyanates']
| 2,904,434
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.300.107.800.629'], ['B01.300.107.800.629.564'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500'], ['D02.262.775', 'D02.886.728']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activin A is increased in the nucleus accumbens following a cocaine binge.
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Drug addiction is a long-lasting disease characterized by compulsive drug intake mediated in part by neuronal and biological adaptations in key brain areas, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). While we previously demonstrated involvement of the activin 2a receptor in drug taking, the role of its ligand, activin A, in cocaine relapse is unknown. Activin A levels in the NAc were assessed via ELISA and immunohistochemistry (in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia) following a cocaine binge paradigm. Cocaine exposure significantly increased the levels of activin A in the NAc of animals that had self-administered cocaine prior to the 14-day withdrawal compared with levels in saline controls. This was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of IBA1+ microglia in the NAc that were immunopositive for activin A. In contrast, the proportions of NeuN+ neurons and GFAP+ astrocytes that were immunopositive for activin A remained unaltered. In conclusion, these data suggest that increased secretion of activin A, particularly from microglia, in the NAc represents a novel potential target for the treatment of cocaine relapse.
|
['Activins', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Biomarkers', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Male', 'Microglia', 'Neurons', 'Nucleus Accumbens', 'Rats']
| 28,272,550
|
[['D06.472.334.500', 'D06.472.699.009', 'D12.644.548.009', 'D12.776.395.022'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['D23.101'], ['C25.775.300', 'F03.900.300'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex ratio of spontaneously aborted fetuses and delivered neonates in second trimester.
|
The author investigated in patient material from 12 years 251 cases involving spontaneous abortion and delivery in the second trimester. The material included 28 sets of twins and one set of triplets, thus the total number of fetuses and neonates was 281. The sex ratio was 136.1, higher than that documented natural sex ratio in the second trimester or at term. The ratio approaches that experienced in cases of perinatal death.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Sex Ratio', 'Triplets', 'Twins']
| 1,879,596
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['G05.815', 'I01.240.800.815', 'N01.224.803.815', 'N06.850.505.400.850.815'], ['M01.438.768'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance are related to body fat in primary and secondary schoolchildren: the Ouro Preto study.
|
PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance are related to body fat (BF). We aimed to assess the relationship between RBP4 and insulin resistance with obesity in a mixed (skin color) cohort of the Brazilian population.METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted in 227 schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. Schoolchildren with a high BF percentage (% BF, ? 30 for girls and ? 25 for boys) were identified as the obese group (n = 137), and those with lower values were identified as the non-obese group (n = 90). Percentage of body fat (% BF) was determined by tetrapolar bioimpedance (Quantum II, RJL System), RBP4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Immunology Consultants Laboratory), plasma fasting insulin by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Access(®) Immunoassay System) and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model insulin resistance (IR(HOMA)) index. Serum lipid profile and arterial blood pressure were evaluated.RESULTS: The significant independent risk factors associated with obesity were as follows: male sex, increased serum LDL-C, RBP4 and IR(HOMA). Among children with higher RBP4, the association with obesity increased significantly (from 3.1 to 8.5) in the presence of insulin resistance, when compared to higher RBP4 and non-insulin resistance.CONCLUSION: IR(HOMA) and RBP4 showed significant associations with obesity and traditional CVD risk factors. They might therefore be used as a marker for CVD risk and have clinical implications in the development of comorbidities associated with obesity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Composition', 'Brazil', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin Pigmentation']
| 23,764,679
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D10'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D12.776.124.698', 'D12.776.124.790.106.745', 'D12.776.157.469.550', 'D12.776.157.700.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.745'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues exenatide, exenatide extended-release, and of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin on glucose metabolism in healthy cats.
|
Incretin analogues and inhibitors of the breakdown of endogenous incretins are antidiabetic drugs that increase â-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in rodents and humans. Objectives were to test whether exenatide, exenatide extended-release, and sitagliptin can be safely used in cats, to identify the most effective drug, and to test the effects of prolonged exenatide extended-release administration. Three cats each were given exenatide (0.2-2 µg/kg, q12h, subcutaneously, 5 days), exenatide extended-release (40-400 µg/kg, subcutaneously, once), and sitagliptin (1-10 mg/kg, q24h, orally, 5 days). Before and after treatment, glucose, insulin and glucagon areas under the curve (AUC) were assessed by meal response tests (MRT). Exenatide increased insulin AUC by 224%, 258%, 331% and 93%, exenatide extended-release by 127%, 169%, 178% and 95%, and sitagliptin by 32%, 69%, 62%, and 43%, respectively. The tested drugs are safe to use in cats and enhance insulin secretion. Incretin-based therapy may be beneficial in cats with diabetes mellitus.
|
['Animals', 'Area Under Curve', 'Cats', 'Exenatide', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 1', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Incretins', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Peptides', 'Sitagliptin Phosphate', 'Venoms']
| 25,648,286
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D12.644.187', 'D20.888.300', 'D23.946.833.300'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.580'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['D12.644'], ['D03.383.129.799.725', 'D03.383.679.875'], ['A12.200.935', 'D20.888', 'D23.946.833']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Multi-institutional analysis of sequential intravesical gemcitabine and mitomycin C chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: Apart from cystectomy, few treatment options exist for the management of bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We report a multi-institutional experience with sequential intravesical combination chemotherapy using gemcitabine and mitomycin C (MMC) for NMIBC in the treatment of high-risk patients.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients who received 6 weekly treatments with sequential intravesical gemcitabine (1g) and MMC (40 mg) chemotherapy for NMIBC. Gemcitabine was administered first and retained for 90 minutes and then drained. MMC was then administered directly after and retained for an additional 90 minutes. Forty-seven patients received treatment from 3 academic tertiary referral centers between 2000 and 2010.RESULTS: Forty-seven patients (median age 70, range 32-85; 36 males, 11 females) who previously failed a median of 2 intravesical treatments were reviewed. Complete response, 1-year, and 2-year recurrence-free survival rates for all patients were 68%, 48%, and 38%, respectively. Median recurrence-free survival for all patients was 9 months (range 1-80). Fourteen of 47 patients (30%) remained free of recurrence with a median time to follow-up of 26 months (range 6-80 mo). Ten patients required cystectomy.CONCLUSION: Sequential intravesical combination chemotherapy using gemcitabine and MMC appears to be a useful treatment for patients with high-grade NMIBC as well as those with prior bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure. Further prospective studies are warranted.
|
['Academic Medical Centers', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cystectomy', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitomycin', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 23,510,863
|
[['N02.278.020'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E04.950.774.150'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Increase by ANP and ADH of the duration of activation and deactivation of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex: modification in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy].
|
The involvement of cardiopulmonary and arterial sinoaortic receptors in the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release is still controversial in humans. Moreover, it is not clear if this control may be impaired in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We studied 17 male subjects, age 18-58 (6 normotensives and 9 mild hypertensives, 5 without and 4 with LVH). Each subject underwent selective loading and unloading of cardiopulmonary receptors, in a randomized sequence, by application of a positive (LBPP) or negative (LENP) pressure to the lower body (steps: +10, +20, +40, -10, -40 mmHg, each for about 30 min), through a plexyglass-constructed tubular apparatus with a rubber adhesion round the patients' waist. Blood samples were taken at the end of every step for measurement of ADH, ANP, PRA, immunoreactive renin, aldosterone, noradrenaline and adrenaline. Cuff arterial pressure was measured every 5 min, while heart rate was evaluated by continuous ECG recording. Hypertensive subjects underwent right atrial pressure measurement by an iv catheter and forearm blood flow evaluation at rest and during the different steps (venous occlusion plethysmography). During LBNP, ADH plasma levels increased progressively, but the increase became statistically significant only at the step of -40 mmHg. ANP increased significantly during LBPP. Taking into account only hypertensive patients, a consistent reduction in the changes of ADH and ANP plasma levels, respectively during LBNP and LBPP in patients with LVH in respect to those without LVH was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Electrocardiography', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pressoreceptors', 'Pressure', 'Reflex', 'Vasopressins']
| 2,148,502
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675.650.915.750.750', 'A08.800.050.800.900.700', 'A08.800.950.750.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750.750'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Loss of isoantigens A, B and H in prostate.
|
Formalin-fixed tissues from 65 prostates were grouped and investigated by the technic of mixed cell agglutination reaction (MCAR) for studying isoantigens A, B and H. The results of this study indicated that the MCAR was strongly positive at the epithelium of the acini in the majority of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. On the other hand, patients with primary carcinomas and metastatic carcinomas of prostates were found to be uniformly negative for any agglutination reaction. Prostates from a group of younger individuals only showed a patchy distribution of the MCAR at the epithelium of the acini. In view of these findings, it seemed that the traces of isoantigens in normal prostates show a considerable increase when the disease process of BPH becomes manifest in this organ, while in cases of primary and metastatic carcinomas the isoantigens are totally lost. In the light of previous studies on similar lines, the various possible mechanisms for this sudden transition are discussed.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Agglutination Tests', 'Blood Group Antigens', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Isoantigens', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 4,120,302
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050', 'E05.200.812.735.050', 'E05.478.594.760.050'], ['D23.050.301.290', 'D23.050.705.230'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D23.050.705'], ['E05.581'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impaired intestinal wound healing in Fhl2-deficient mice is due to disturbed collagen metabolism.
|
Four and one half LIM domain protein FHL2 participates in many cellular processes involved in tissue repair such as regulation of gene expression, cytoarchitecture, cell adhesion, migration and signal transduction. The repair process after wounding is initiated by the release of peptides and bioactive lipids. These molecules induce synthesis and deposition of a provisional extracellular matrix. We showed previously that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) triggers a signal transduction cascade mediating nuclear translocation of FHL2 in response to activation of the RhoA GTPase. Our present study shows that FHL2 is an important signal transducer influencing the outcome of intestinal anastomotic healing. Early wound healing is accompanied by reconstitution and remodelling of the extracellular matrix and collagen is primarily responsible for wound strength. Our results show that impaired intestinal wound healing in Fhl2-deficient mice is due to disturbed collagen III metabolism. Impaired collagen III synthesis reduced the mechanical stability of the anastomoses and led to lower bursting pressure in Fhl2-deficient mice after surgery. Our data confirm that FHL2 is an important factor regulating collagen expression in the early phase of wound healing, and thereby is critically involved in the physiologic process of anastomosis healing after bowel surgery and thus may represent a new therapeutic target.
|
['Animals', 'Collagen', 'Collagen Type III', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Intestinal Diseases', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'LIM-Homeodomain Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Transcription Factors', 'Wound Healing']
| 18,950,620
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.300', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.300'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['C06.405.469'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D12.776.260.529', 'D12.776.512.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Topical ivermectin: a new successful treatment for scabies.
|
Ivermectin is the only one of the avermectins that has been widely used in humans, since it is recommended as the treatment of choice for onchocerciasis, a filariasis that produces "river blindness," a parasitic endemic infestation in countries of West Equatorial Africa and in some areas of Central and South America. Also, ivermectin has been used for treating human endo- and ectoparasites with effective results and with almost no side effects. To study the efficacy of ivermectin for scabies, which is very common in Colombia, a trial with this drug that could be easily administered, with fast application and high efficacy, was undertaken. For this purpose, six complete families with active scabies, consisting of 12 adults and 20 children ranging in age from 1 to 10 years, were treated with 1% ivermectin in a solution of propylene glycol applied topically to the affected skin. The dose employed was 400 microg/kg, repeated once the following week. All patients were cured, tolerated the medication well, and there were no side effects or signs of recurrence 2, 4, or 6 weeks after therapy. In addition to its efficacy, easy administration, and lack of side effects, ivermectin is a low-cost medication.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Insecticides', 'Ivermectin', 'Male', 'Scabies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,207,977
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D02.540.576.500.997'], ['C01.610.858.211.480.708', 'C17.800.838.775.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ethanol induced changes in cyclin-dependent kinase-5 activity and its activators, P35, P67 (Munc-18) in rat brain.
|
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) and its regulators, p35 and p67 was investigated in adult rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum, using an experimental paradigm of in vivo chronic ethanol exposure. In parallel, the activity of Cdk5 kinase was measured using a specific substrate histone-H1 peptide. Western blot analysis revealed no appreciable change in the expression of Cdk5 protein levels while, its regulatory proteins, p35 and p67 showed decreased levels following chronic ethanol treatment. However, ethanol treatment resulted in increased Cdk5 activity in both cortex and cerebellum with relatively high activity in cortex. Given the abundant expression and functions of Cdk5 in neural cells, our data implies a regulatory role for Cdk5 in ethanol mediated cell injury and may contribute to impaired CNS development in brain atrophy associated with alcoholic neurodegeneration.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Ethanol', 'Male', 'Munc18 Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vesicular Transport Proteins']
| 11,479,016
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D27.505.696.277', 'D27.505.954.427.210'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.875', 'D12.776.167.200.067.875', 'D12.776.476.250.067.875'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D12.776.543.990.587'], ['D12.776.631'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.990']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diselenide-Labeled Cyclic Polystyrene with Multiple Responses: Facile Synthesis, Tunable Size, and Topology.
|
Diselenide-containing polymers have attracted more and more attention due to their redox sensitivity and bioapplication. In this work, a bifunctional diselenocarbonate is prepared and used to mediate the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, producing á,ù-selenocarbonate-labeled telechelic polystyrene. Based on effective aminolysis of the terminal selenocarbonates and the followed spontaneous oxidation coupling reaction of diselenols, monoblock cyclic polystyrene linked by one diselenide bond and multiblock cyclic copolymer linked by several diselenide bonds are prepared by manipulating the concentration of á,ù-telechelic polystyrene in solution. The progress of aminolysis and the subsequent spontaneous oxidation of selenols to diselenides are monitored by UV-vis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and NMR characterizations, confirming the cyclic topologies of the resultant polymers (monocyclic or multiblock cyclic polymer). The monoblock cyclic or multiblock polymers show redox sensitivity, which can be converted to linear polymer by reducing or oxidizing agent. Moreover, the obtained monoblock cyclic polymer or multiblock cyclic copolymer can be transformed to each other under UV irradiation by adjusting the concentration of the cyclic polystyrene. For the first time, this work provides an alternative and promising approach to realize the topological transformation of polymers by installing multiresponsive diselenide moities into the backbone of cyclic polymer.
|
['Molecular Structure', 'Organoselenium Compounds', 'Polystyrenes', 'Selenium']
| 27,071,752
|
[['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.731'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800.830', 'D05.750.716.579', 'D25.720.716.579', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase.
|
Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRTase) is a key NAD-biosynthetic enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of quinolinic acid to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, yielding nicotinic acid mononucleotide. Homo sapiens QPRTase (Hs-QPRTase) appeared as a hexamer during purification and the protein was crystallized. Diffraction data were collected and processed at 2.8 ? resolution. Native Hs-QPRTase crystals belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a=76.2, b=137.1, c=92.7 ?, â=103.8°. Assuming the presence of six molecules in the asymmetric unit, the calculated Matthews coefficient is 2.46 ?3 Da(-1), which corresponds to a solvent content of 49.9%.
|
['Animals', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'NAD', 'Pentosyltransferases', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary']
| 21,206,019
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['D08.811.913.400.725'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: identification of histidine-164 and histidine-166 as critical residues by site-directed mutagenesis.
|
Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-glucose and galactose-1-P with UDP-galactose and glucose-1-P by a double-displacement mechanism involving the compulsory formation of a uridylyl enzyme intermediate. The uridylyl group is covalently bonded to the N3 position of a histidine residue in the uridylyl enzyme. The galT gene of Escherichia coli, which codes for the uridylyltransferase and is contained in a plasmid for transformation of E. coli, has been sequenced, and the positions of the 15 histidine residues have been determined from the deduced amino acid sequence of this protein. Fifteen mutant genes, in each of which one of the 15 histidine codons has been changed to an asparagine codon, have been generated and used to transform the E. coli strain JM101. When extracts of the transformants were assayed for uridylyltransferase, 13 exhibited high levels of activity. Two of the extracts containing mutant uridylyltransferase exhibited less than control levels of activity. These mutant proteins, H164N and H166N, were overexpressed, isolated, and tested for their ability to form the compulsory uridylyl enzyme intermediate. Neither the H164N nor the H166N mutant proteins could form the intermediate. Thus, both His-164 and His-166 are critical for activity, and their proximity suggests that both are in the active site. One is the essential nucleophilic catalyst to which the uridylyl group is bonded in the intermediate, and the other serves an equally important, as yet unknown, function. The active-site sequence His(164)-Pro-His(166) is conserved in this enzyme from E. coli, humans, Saccharomyces, and Streptomyces.
|
['Asparagine', 'Binding Sites', 'Catalysis', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Histidine', 'Mutation', 'Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Conformation', 'Transformation, Bacterial', 'UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase']
| 2,541,773
|
[['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.445'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['E05.393.350.810.500', 'G05.728.860.500', 'G05.728.865.820', 'G06.099.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence of Somatic Dysfunction in Healthy Newborns.
|
CONTEXT: Recent evidence suggests that osteopathic manipulative treatment of somatic dysfunction in newborns may decrease complications and hospital length of stay. Such dysfunction may result from external forces related to the birth process, but its incidence is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence and patterns of somatic dysfunction in healthy newborns at least 6 hours after birth and to correlate those findings with maternal and labor history, gestational age, and findings of the initial newborn assessment performed immediately after birth.METHODS: Healthy newborns aged 6 to 72 hours were physically examined and assessed for somatic dysfunction, including asymmetry and motion restriction of the cranial, cervical, lumbar, and sacral regions. The total somatic dysfunction identified was summarized in a somatic dysfunction severity score (SDSS), calculated by assigning 1 point for each identified finding; the SDSS could range from 0 (no somatic dysfunction) to 34 (all somatic dysfunctions assessed present). Findings were correlated with maternal and newborn characteristics and labor history. Descriptive analyses were performed, and findings were compared between the initial newborn assessment and the research examination.RESULTS: One hundred newborns were examined (mean gestational age, 38.5 weeks). In 99 newborns (99%), at least 1 sphenobasilar synchondrosis strain pattern was present, with sidebending rotations being the most common (present in 63 newborns [63%]). Condylar compression was found in 95 newborns (95%), temporal bone restrictions in 85 (85%), motion restriction of at least 1 cervical vertebral segment in 91 (91%) and at least 1 lumbar vertebral segment in 94 (94%), and a posterior sacral base in 80 (80%). The SDSS was not associated with mode of delivery or labor augmentation (P=.49 and P=.54, respectively), but it was positively associated with the duration of labor; each 1-hour increase in labor increased the predicted SDSS by 0.12 points (P=.04).CONCLUSION: Somatic dysfunction of the cranial, cervical, lumbar, and sacral regions was common in healthy newborns, and the total somatic dysfunction (SDSS) was related to the length of labor. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01496872).
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Missouri', 'Musculoskeletal Diseases', 'Osteopathic Medicine', 'Reference Values', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 26,501,758
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.515'], ['C05'], ['H02.403.640'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
pmg-1, a novel gene specifically expressed during the invasive growth phase of the mammary gland at puberty.
|
The acquisition of invasive properties is a crucial event during carcinogenesis, determining the clinical outcome. The mammary gland at puberty provides an ideal model for investigating the induction and control of invasive growth. During this growth phase, the mammary epithelium participates in a normal, hormonally controlled invasive penetration into the stroma. We have applied the differential display method to search for genes specifically activated during this developmental stage. We have identified and molecularly characterized a novel pubertal mammary gland specific gene, pmg-1. This gene is conserved in mammals and encodes a protein of 19.9 kDa. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization revealed that pmg-1 expression was exquisitely restricted to the epithelium at early puberty. To our knowledge this represents the first isolation of a gene specifically associated with the induction of mammary epithelial invasiveness at puberty.
|
['Age Factors', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Intermediate Filament Proteins', 'Keratins, Hair-Specific', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sexual Maturation', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 9,287,118
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D05.750.078.593', 'D12.776.220.475'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.149', 'D12.776.220.475.450.149', 'D12.776.860.607.149'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Phenotype of mononuclear leucocytes resident in rat major salivary and lacrimal glands.
|
The phenotypic distribution of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes resident in rat secretory glands was examined. Isolated exocrine gland mononuclear leucocyte populations contained 50-61% W3/13+ T cells and greater proportions of W3/25+ T helper cells relative to OX8+ T suppressor cells. Surface Ig+ cells (sIg) constituted from 32% to 34% of the cells and their distribution was sIgM greater than sIgA greater than sIgG. The macrophage populations comprised from 0.02% to 0.1% of the unfractionated gland cells. Fractionated secretory gland-adherent cells consisted primarily of non-specific esterase+, phagocytic and Fc receptor-bearing cells. From 35% to 79% of the macrophages in exocrine glands expressed I-A molecules. The results suggest that exocrine glands have the ability to respond locally to an antigenic challenge independently of a central mucosal immune response.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Lacrimal Apparatus', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Phagocytosis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Salivary Glands']
| 3,391,644
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301'], ['G04.022'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['A09.371.463', 'A10.336.422'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery in children with ventricular septal defect.
|
High-frequency echocardiography offers a noninvasive approach for imaging left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) blood flow from a transthoracic window. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of left ventricular (LV) volume overload on LAD flow in pediatric patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD). The study subjects consisted of 38 children with VSD and 15 healthy children. LV mass, LAD diameter, and LAD flow were measured by using transthoracic echocardiography, then LAD diameter and LV mass were indexed for body surface area. Pulmonary to systemic flow ratios (Qp/Qs) were obtained by cardiac catheterization. The Qp/Qs ratios ranged from 1.2 to 3.1 (mean 2.1 +/- 0.5). The mean LAD flow velocities, flow velocity integrals, and flow volumes were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects. LAD flow velocity and flow volume showed significant positive correlations with Qp/Qs, LV mass, and LV end-diastolic volume. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that Qp/Qs was the most important determinant of both LAD flow velocity (r(2) = 0.45, P < .0001) and LAD flow volume (r(2) = 0.44, P < .0001). The ratios of LAD flow volume to LV mass did not differ between the 2 groups. In 8 patients who underwent surgical treatment, LAD flow velocity, flow velocity integral, and flow volume decreased significantly after surgery. The current results suggest that patients with VSD have a higher resting coronary blood flow, and that LAD flow pattern is dependent on LV volume overload and changes after surgery.
|
['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Observer Variation', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 12,174,350
|
[['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['C14.240.400.560.540', 'C14.280.400.560.540', 'C16.131.240.400.560.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cell-free propagation of prion strains.
|
Prions are the infectious agents responsible for prion diseases, which appear to be composed exclusively by the misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)). Disease is transmitted by the autocatalytic propagation of PrP(Sc) misfolding at the expense of the normal prion protein. The biggest challenge of the prion hypothesis has been to explain the molecular mechanism by which prions can exist as different strains, producing diseases with distinguishable characteristics. Here, we show that PrP(Sc) generated in vitro by protein misfolding cyclic amplification from five different mouse prion strains maintains the strain-specific properties. Inoculation of wild-type mice with in vitro-generated PrP(Sc) caused a disease with indistinguishable incubation times as well as neuropathological and biochemical characteristics as the parental strains. Biochemical features were also maintained upon replication of four human prion strains. These results provide additional support for the prion hypothesis and indicate that strain characteristics can be faithfully propagated in the absence of living cells, suggesting that strain variation is dependent on PrP(Sc) properties.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell-Free System', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'PrPSc Proteins', 'Prion Diseases', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Tissue Extracts']
| 18,800,058
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.785.340.750'], ['C01.207.800', 'C10.228.228.800', 'C10.574.843'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D20.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transition, It's More Than Just An Event: Supporting Young People With Type 1 Diabetes.
|
This paper discusses the importance of holistic person-centered care coordination services for young people with type 1 diabetes as they transition to adult health services. In response to the growing need for comprehensive, flexible, person-centered care for young people with chronic conditions, the new service Trapeze: a supported leap into adult health was established. Based in Sydney, Australia, Trapeze is a specialist adolescent chronic care service offering comprehensive care coordination services to young people with chronic conditions aged 14-25 years. Trapeze aims to support young people with type 1 diabetes by focusing on the individual needs of the young person and developing a mutually recognized relationship based on trust and respect, in order to facilitate a process whereby a young person feels safe enough to discuss some of the challenges they face in self-management, keeping their whole of life issues central to this process. The importance of holistic person-centered work is best exemplified through the stories of the young people enrolled in Trapeze. It is hoped that through the 'eyes' of the young people and by sharing their stories the approach to self-management and care coordination can be better understood.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Australia', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient-Centered Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Sampling Studies', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Transition to Adult Care', 'Young Adult']
| 26,044,910
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N04.590.233.727.407'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.730', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.730', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.730'], ['E02.760.169.718', 'N02.421.585.169.718', 'N04.590.233.727.210.718'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of vitreomacular adhesion on the development of exudative age-related macular degeneration: 4-year results of a longitudinal study.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) on development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration.METHODS: In a prospective study, patients with Age-Related Eye Disease Study Category IV age-related macular degeneration underwent standardized examinations, including optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography every 3 months for 4 years. Vitreomacular adhesion was evaluated using time- and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Development of CNV was detected using fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. Incidences of CNV were compared concerning the presence or absence of VMA.RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were available for follow-up according to protocol. Vitreomacular adhesion was present at baseline in 18% (9 of 49) and absent in 82% (40 of 49) of patients. Thirty-seven percent of patients (18 of 49) developed exudative changes during the observation period. In patients with preexisting VMA, de novo development of CNV occurred in 33% (3 of 9). In patients without VMA, 38% developed CNV (15 of 40). Mean interval from baseline to disease progression was 20 ± 19 months in patients with VMA and 22 ± 13 months in patients without VMA. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding rate of CNV development or time to disease progression (P = 0.64).CONCLUSION: No significant influence of VMA on the development of exudative age-related macular degeneration could be found during a 4-year prospective observation of a high-risk cohort.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Choroidal Neovascularization', 'Exudates and Transudates', 'Eye Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Macula Lutea', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Vitreous Body']
| 22,105,497
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C11.941.160.244', 'C23.550.589.500.145'], ['A12.383'], ['C11'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A09.371.729.522'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.355.274.840'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrasound analysis of diaphragm kinetics and the diagnosis of airway obstruction: the role of the M-mode index of obstruction.
|
Diaphragm motion in forced expiration can be analyzed using M-mode ultrasound in an anterior subcostal approach. Maximum expiratory diaphragmatic excursion (EDEMax) and forced expiratory diaphragmatic excursion in the first second (FEDE1) are considered the physiopathological analogues of vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). As the FEV1/VC % ratio is used as a marker of obstruction, our aim was to determine if the ratio FEDE1/EDEMax (M-mode index of obstruction [MIO]) differs between healthy subjects and patients with airway obstruction. One hundred twenty-four outpatients were examined by diaphragm ultrasound after spirometry. The MIO, expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (range), was 87.08 ± 6.64 (72.84-100) in the healthy group (N = 61) and 67.09 ± 12.49 (33.33-91.30) in the group with obstructed airways (N = 63). The difference between the two groups was significant (p < 0.0001), and MIO was significantly correlated with FEV1/VC (p < 0.0001). A MIO <77 was identified as a possibile cutoff for suspecting an obstructive spirometric pattern with a 95.5% positive predictive value. The MIO can be interpreted as a speed index of diaphragmatic relaxation that seems to be slower in obstructed patients and could be used to screen for obstructed airway diseases.
|
['Aged', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Diaphragm', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Spirometry', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vital Capacity']
| 24,486,237
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Electric vehicle recycling 2020: Key component power electronics.
|
Electromobility will play a key role in order to reach the specified ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets in the German transport sector of 42% between 1990 and 2030. Subsequently, a significant rise in the sale of electric vehicles (EVs) is to be anticipated in future. The amount of EVs to be recycled will rise correspondingly after a delay. This includes the recyclable power electronics modules which are incorporated in every EV as an important component for energy management. Current recycling methods using car shredders and subsequent post shredder technologies show high recycling rates for the bulk metals but are still associated with high losses of precious and strategic metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium and tantalum. For this reason, the project 'Electric vehicle recycling 2020 - key component power electronics' developed an optimised recycling route for recycling power electronics modules from EVs which is also practicable in series production and can be implemented using standardised technology. This 'WEEE recycling route' involves the disassembly of the power electronics from the vehicle and a subsequent recycling in an electronic end-of-life equipment recycling plant. The developed recycling process is economical under the current conditions and raw material prices, even though it involves considerably higher costs than recycling using the car shredder. The life cycle assessment shows basically good results, both for the traditional car shredder route and the developed WEEE recycling route: the latter provides additional benefits from some higher recovery rates and corresponding credits.
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['Electronics', 'Metals', 'Recycling']
| 29,502,494
|
[['H01.671.293'], ['D01.552'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.525', 'N06.850.860.510.244']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Knowledge, attitudes and practice of condom use among males aged (15-49) years in Erbil Governorate.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Globally, condom is an important method of family planning and prevention of sexually transmitted infections especially human immune deficiency virus HIV/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS. Family planning saves lives of women and children and improves the quality of life. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in addition to socio-demographic factors of condom use among males in Erbil governorate.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A cross sectional study conducted on randomly selected sample of 600 males aged 15-49 years from 3 districts of Erbil governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan region by using multistage cluster sampling method to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practice of condom use.RESULTS: Only 12% of respondents had ever used condoms. The main reason for condom use was for family planning in about 91.7%. About a quarter of respondents reported knowing how to use condom correctly. Condoms were considered by respondents as an effective method of contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted infections 33.2% and 28.3% respectively. While 30.3% of them believed that condom use had some harmful effects. The main reason to non condom use was lack of need in 45.5%, fertility related reasons in 17% and the use of other methods by the female partner 13.6%. Although 64% of respondents heard about AIDS /HIV and 71.7% about STIS in general, only few felt that they are at risk of STIs 9.5% and HIV infection 8.5%.CONCLUSION: The study showed that the rate of condom use was low among the studied sample. This was due to lack of knowledge about proper and effective use of condoms, low perception of risk of HIV and other STIs, misperception about harmful effects of condoms and the use of other family planning methods by respondents and their female sexual partner.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Condoms', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family Characteristics', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Iraq', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Safe Sex', 'Social Class', 'Young Adult']
| 22,980,338
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.360'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.802.845'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Comparisons of rotavirus VP7-typing monoclonal antibodies by competition binding assay.
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Three sets of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) used to type the outer capsid protein VP7 of four group A rotavirus serotypes (1 through 4) were compared in competition immunoassays. Reciprocal competition was observed for each of the VP7 type 2-, 3-, and 4-specific MAbs. The VP7 type 1 MAbs exhibited variable competition patterns with other VP7 type 1 MAbs. MAb RV4:3, which has been used to recognize antigenic variants within VP7 type 1 strains, showed reciprocal competition with the four VP7 type 3 MAbs (RV3:1, YO-1E2, 4F8, and 159) using a VP7 type 3 virus (SA11) as antigen. MAb 2C9, also prepared against VP7 type 1, reacted with VP7 type 3 strains and competed with a VP7 type 3 MAb, 159, using RRV as antigen. Use of the different sets of VP7 type-specific MAbs in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay permitted the recognition of six antigenic variants within VP7 types 1, 2, and 3 among specimens whose VP7 type could not be determined previously with only one set of typing MAbs. These results demonstrate differences of typing ability among these VP7-specific MAbs and emphasize the need to improve the sensitivity of typing systems by incorporating panels of MAbs reacting with several neutralizing epitopes.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigenic Variation', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Capsid', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Rotavirus']
| 1,372,622
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G05.365.073', 'G12.500.249'], ['D23.050.327'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B04.820.223.719.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany: Local reproduction and overwintering.
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Within the framework of a German mosquito monitoring programme, the 'Mueckenatlas' (mosquito atlas) has been established as an instrument of citizen participation in mosquito mapping. In 2015, a strikingly large number of Aedes albopictus, which had not been considered established in Germany, was submitted. Three of six collection sites showed local reproduction, with demonstration of developmental stages over three months at two sites. The third populated site was checked only once in October. Developmental stages of Ae. albopictus were found again at these three sites in spring 2016, including one site in southeastern Germany where reproduction had already been documented in 2014. Although population genetic analyses performed on specimens collected at the latter locality in 2014 and 2015 did not provide proof for hibernation, the finding of developmental stages at this and two other very same sites as in the year before and at very early times in the season strongly suggest accomplished overwintering of Ae. albopictus in Germany. Obviously, the second extremely mild winter in Germany in a row and ongoing adaptation of Ae. albopictus to the temperate European climate allow the species to push northwards from endemic regions in the south. Due to the vector competence of Ae. albopictus for numerous pathogens, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, action should be taken immediately after the detection of local reproduction to eliminate the populations.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Germany', 'Introduced Species', 'Seasons']
| 27,876,647
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.050.580', 'G16.500.275.157.049.400', 'N06.230.124.049.400'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Low density lipoprotein and liposome mediated uptake and cytotoxic effect of N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in Daudi lymphoma cells.
|
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-mediated uptake and cytotoxic effects of N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (NOAC) were studied in Daudi lymphoma cells. NOAC was either incorporated into LDL or liposomes to compare specific and unspecific uptake mechanisms. Binding of LDL to Daudi cells was not altered after NOAC incorporation (K(D) 60 nM). Binding of liposomal NOAC was not saturable with increasing concentrations. Specific binding of NOAC-LDL to Daudi cells was five times higher than to human lymphocytes. LDL receptor binding could be blocked and up- or down-regulated. Co-incubation with colchicine reduced NOAC-LDL uptake by 36%. These results suggested that NOAC-LDL is taken up via the LDL receptor pathway. In an in vitro cytotoxicity test, the IC50 of NOAC-LDL was about 160 microM, whereas with liposomal NOAC the IC50 was 40 microM. Blocking the LDL receptors with empty LDL protected 50% of the cells from NOAC cytotoxicity. The cellular distribution of NOAC-LDL or NOAC-liposomes differed only in the membrane and nuclei fraction with 13% and 6% respectively. Although it is more convenient to prepare NOAC-liposomes as compared to the loading of LDL particles with the drug, the receptor-mediated uptake of NOAC-LDL provides an interesting rationale for the specific delivery of the drug to tumours that express elevated numbers of LDL receptors.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytarabine', 'Drug Carriers', 'Endocytosis', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Liposomes', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, LDL', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 10,408,395
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.165', 'C01.925.928.313.165', 'C04.557.386.480.150.165', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.165', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.165'], ['G04.346'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G04.417'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.543.750.710.450'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Noninvasive real-time visualization of multiple cerebral hemodynamic parameters in whole mouse brains using five-dimensional optoacoustic tomography.
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Current functional neuroimaging methods are not adequate for high-resolution whole-brain visualization of neural activity in real time. Here, we show imaging of fast hemodynamic changes in deep mouse brain using fully noninvasive acquisition of five-dimensional optoacoustic data from animals subjected to oxygenation stress. Multispectral video-rate acquisition of three-dimensional tomographic data enables simultaneous label-free assessment of multiple brain hemodynamic parameters, including blood oxygenation, total hemoglobin, cerebral blood volume, oxygenized and deoxygenized hemoglobin, in real time. The unprecedented results indicate that the proposed methodology may serve as a powerful complementary, and potentially superior, method for functional neuroimaging studies in rodents.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Functional Neuroimaging', 'Hemodynamics', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Oxygen', 'Photoacoustic Techniques', 'Tomography']
| 25,586,142
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875', 'E01.370.376.537.625', 'E05.629.875'], ['G09.330.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E01.370.565', 'E05.696'], ['E01.370.350.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prostaglandin E2 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IFN-beta production.
|
Macrophages activate the production of cytokines and chemokines in response to LPS through signaling cascades downstream from TLR4. Lipid mediators such as PGE(2), which are produced during inflammatory responses, have been shown to suppress MyD88-dependent gene expression upon TLR4 activation in macrophages. The study reported here investigated the effect of PGE(2) on TLR3- and TLR4-dependent, MyD88-independent gene expression in murine J774A.1 macrophages, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying such an effect. We demonstrate that PGE(2) strongly suppresses LPS-induced IFN-beta production at the mRNA and protein levels. Poly (I:C)-induced IFN-beta and LPS-induced CCL5 production were also suppressed by PGE(2). The inhibitory effect of PGE(2) on LPS-induced IFN-beta expression is mediated through PGE(2) receptor subtypes EP(2) and EP(4), and mimicked by the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP as well as by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. The downstream effector molecule responsible for the cAMP-induced suppressive effect is exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) but not protein kinase A. Moreover, data demonstrate that Epac-mediated signaling proceeds through PI3K, Akt, and GSK3beta. In contrast, PGE(2) inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in these cells through a distinct pathway requiring protein kinase A activity and independent of Epac/PI3K/Akt. In vivo, administration of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor before LPS injection resulted in enhanced serum IFN-beta concentration in mice. Collectively, data demonstrate that PGE(2) is a negative regulator for IFN-beta production in activated macrophages and during endotoxemia.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Dinoprostone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Endotoxemia', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interferon-beta', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction']
| 18,250,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['G12.300'], ['C01.757.100.275', 'C01.861.375', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100.275'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.275', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.275', 'D23.529.374.440.890.275'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cortically driven Fos induction in the striatum is amplified by local dopamine D2-class receptor blockade.
|
Dopamine D2-class receptors have been shown to control the excitability of striatal neurons in response to cortical activation. It has been unclear, however, whether such receptors could regulate the number of striatal neurons activated by cortical stimulation, and thus affect the population response of the striatum to its cortical inputs. We used Fos induction as a readout to measure the ensemble response of striatal neurons to localized stimulation of the frontal cortex and tested for the effects of D2-class dopamine receptor blockade on this response. In freely moving rats, we stimulated the frontal cortex by local epidural application of a dose of a GABAA receptor antagonist (picrotoxin) just threshold for inducing Fos in the striatum. We combined this treatment with D2-class dopamine receptor antagonist treatments at dose levels also just threshold for inducing Fos, using either (i) systemic haloperidol or (ii) intrastriatal (-)sulpiride. Both systemic and intrastriatal blockade of D2-class receptors sharply increased the numbers of striatal neurons exhibiting cortically evoked Fos induction. These findings suggest that local activation of intrastriatal D2-class dopamine receptors can regulate the number of striatal neurons responsive to cortical inputs, thus dynamically shaping the flow of information through the striatum.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine Antagonists', 'Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Haloperidol', 'Injections, Epidural', 'Oncogene Proteins v-fos', 'Picrotoxin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sulpiride']
| 10,594,656
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175.500', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G05.308'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['E02.319.267.530.580.300'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750.887', 'D12.776.964.700.750.887', 'D12.776.964.775.750.887'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.800', 'D02.540.552'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.065.277.866', 'D02.241.223.100.100.866', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.866']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of an immunogenic Ebola immune complex in Nicotiana benthamiana.
|
Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) cause severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. The US Centers for Disease Control identifies Ebola and Marburg viruses as 'category A' pathogens (defined as posing a risk to national security as bioterrorism agents), which has lead to a search for vaccines that could prevent the disease. Because the use of such vaccines would be in the service of public health, the cost of production is an important component of their development. The use of plant biotechnology is one possible way to cost-effectively produce subunit vaccines. In this work, a geminiviral replicon system was used to produce an Ebola immune complex (EIC) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Ebola glycoprotein (GP1) was fused at the C-terminus of the heavy chain of humanized 6D8 IgG monoclonal antibody, which specifically binds to a linear epitope on GP1. Co-expression of the GP1-heavy chain fusion and the 6D8 light chain using a geminiviral vector in leaves of N. benthamiana produced assembled immunoglobulin, which was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and protein G affinity chromatography. Immune complex formation was confirmed by assays to show that the recombinant protein bound the complement factor C1q. Size measurements of purified recombinant protein by dynamic light scattering and size-exclusion chromatography also indicated complex formation. Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/C mice with purified EIC resulted in anti-Ebola virus antibody production at levels comparable to those obtained with a GP1 virus-like particle. These results show excellent potential for a plant-expressed EIC as a human vaccine.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Complement C1q', 'Ebolavirus', 'Female', 'Geminiviridae', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Leaves', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Replicon', 'Tobacco', 'Vaccination', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 21,281,425
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.050.270'], ['B04.820.480.937.300.200'], ['B04.280.350', 'B04.715.270'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.337'], ['C01.925.782.417.415', 'C01.925.782.580.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G05.695'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.745'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ossified skeletal muscle angioma: report of two cases.
|
Ossifying skeletal muscle angiomas are relatively rare occurrences. The preoperative diagnosis is exceedingly difficult, although ossification may be reflected radiologically as a "Swiss cheese" appearance. Two patients are described whose skeletal muscle angiomas contained osseous tissue. The osseus tissue varied from microscopic foci to an abundant amount which was readily recognizable radiologically. The pathologic and radiological features are discussed and these appearances to hemangioma and lymphangioma are presented.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Ossification, Heterotopic', 'Radiography']
| 6,420,620
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['C23.550.751'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Plasma androgenic activity in women with acne vulgaris and in healthy girls before, during and after puberty.
|
The possible relationship between plasma androgenic activity and acne vulgaris was investigated. Plasma testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were determined in healthy girls during different stages of puberty, in healthy adult women and in women with acne vulgaris. Testosterone increase during puberty, whereas SHBG decreased during the early stages before it increased and stabilized plasma concentrations of testosterone and SHBG. Women with severe acne vulgaris had testosterone levels in the same range but the SHBG levels were significantly lower than those of healthy women and women with mild acne. These results show a high androgenic activity in the intermediate stages of puberty, when acne vulgaris is a common complaint and an increased androgenic activity in adult women with severe acne vulgaris.
|
['Acne Vulgaris', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Puberty', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin', 'Testosterone']
| 6,210,470
|
[['C17.800.030.150', 'C17.800.794.111'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.800', 'D12.776.157.762', 'D12.776.377.715.182.800'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Basilar artery narrowing and hyperparathyroidism: illustrative case.
|
A patient presenting with a pontine infarction caused by mid-basilar artery narrowing associated with hyperparathyroidism is described. The narrowing reversed with surgical removal of his parathyroid adenoma and normalization of his serum calcium. This patient's illness lends evidence to the role of calcium in cerebral vasoconstriction.
|
['Adenoma', 'Adult', 'Basilar Artery', 'Calcium', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 3,764,947
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114.106'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.642.355'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['C04.588.322.525', 'C04.588.443.680', 'C19.344.525', 'C19.642.713'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acanthamoeba T4 genotype associated with keratitis infections in Tunisia.
|
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening infection. We report five cases of AK diagnosed from 2005 to 2009 in the Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology at Habib Bourguiba Sfax Hospital, Tunisia. All were associated with improper care of contact lenses (rinsing of contact lenses with tap water and inappropriate cleaning) and lens storage. The patients displayed different clinical presentations: corneal inflammation, corneal ulceration, and corneal abscess. The diagnosis was made after direct examination, culture, and polymerase chain reaction amplification with specific primers. The genotype classification was based on the highly variable DF3 region in the 18S rRNA gene. This is the first study characterizing Acanthamoeba genotype in Tunisia and North Africa. All Acanthamoeba isolates were associated to the T4 genotype. Three different DF3 sequence types were related to AK infections T4/10, T4/15, and T4/16.
|
['Acanthamoeba', 'Acanthamoeba Keratitis', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Contact Lenses', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Parasitology', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 18S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tunisia']
| 23,052,779
|
[['B01.046.500.100.075.080'], ['C01.610.300.125', 'C01.610.752.049.203', 'C11.204.564.112', 'C11.294.725.125'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E07.632.500.276'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['H01.158.273.688'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.675'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['Z01.058.266.887']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Development of a diabetes diet-related quality-of-life scale.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Diabetes Diet-Related Quality-of-Life (DDRQOL) scale, which is a measure of the influence of diet therapy on patients' quality of life (QOL).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 236) who were being treated on an outpatient basis were asked to complete the self-administered DDRQOL instrument. The factor validity, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of the DDRQOL scale were then assessed. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients among the DDRQOL scale and each of the SF-36 subscale scores were calculated to evaluate its convergent and discriminant validity.RESULTS: Based on the results of the factor analysis, the following seven subscales were adopted for the DDRQOL: "satisfaction with diet," "burden of diet therapy," "perceived merits of diet therapy," "general perception of diet," "restriction of social functions," "vitality," and "mental health." As hypothesized, the DDRQOL scale was associated with each of the SF-36 subscales, with convergent and discriminant validity being generally exhibited. Cronbach's alpha-coefficient was between 0.71 and 0.84, suggesting strong internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the subscales, with the results of a test-retest conducted 2 weeks later, was between 0.46 and 0.75, suggesting some degree of reproducibility.CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the DDRQOL scale has a reasonable degree of reliability and validity, and its application for the assessment of the needs of a patient's diet and the evaluation of diet education with regard to QOL is awaited.
|
['Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diet, Diabetic', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality of Life', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 15,161,774
|
[['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E02.642.249.240', 'G07.203.650.240.240'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Associated skeletons of a new middle Triassic "Rauisuchia" from Brazil.
|
For more than 30 million years, in early Mesozoic Pangea, "rauisuchian" archosaurs were the apex predators in most terrestrial ecosystems, but their biology and evolutionary history remain poorly understood. We describe a new "rauisuchian" based on ten individuals found in a single locality from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil. Nine articulated and associated skeletons were discovered, three of which have nearly complete skulls. Along with sedimentological and taphonomic data, this suggests that those highly successful predators exhibited some kind of intraspecific interaction. Other monotaxic assemblages of Triassic archosaurs are Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) in age, approximately 10 million years younger than the material described here. Indeed, the studied assemblage may represent the earliest evidence of gregariousness among archosaurs, adding to our knowledge on the origin of a behavior pattern typical of extant taxa.
|
['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Brazil', 'Fossils', 'Paleontology', 'Reptiles', 'Species Specificity']
| 21,445,632
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['H01.277.875', 'I01.076.368.584'], ['B01.050.150.900.833'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
New insights into metabolic properties of marine bacteria encoding proteorhodopsins.
|
Proteorhodopsin phototrophy was recently discovered in oceanic surface waters. In an effort to characterize uncultured proteorhodopsin-exploiting bacteria, large-insert bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea were analyzed. Fifty-five BACs carried diverse proteorhodopsin genes, and we confirmed the function of five. We calculate that proteorhodopsin-exploiting bacteria account for 13% of microorganisms in the photic zone. We further show that some proteorhodopsin-containing bacteria possess a retinal biosynthetic pathway and a reverse sulfite reductase operon, employed by prokaryotes oxidizing sulfur compounds. Thus, these novel phototrophs are an unexpectedly large and metabolically diverse component of the marine microbial surface water.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Carotenoids', 'Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Library', 'Indian Ocean', 'Light', 'Mediterranean Sea', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Operon', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors', 'Phylogeny', 'Proteobacteria', 'Rhodopsin', 'Rhodopsins, Microbial', 'Seawater', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 16,008,504
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['A11.284.187.178.170', 'A11.284.187.190.170', 'A20.812.170', 'G05.360.162.178.170', 'G05.360.162.190.170', 'G05.360.337.249.170'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.325'], ['Z01.756.342'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['Z01.756.592'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['D08.811.682.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B03.660'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.955', 'D23.767.930.750.500.500'], ['D12.776.752.812'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Numerical simulation of blood flow in an anatomically-accurate cerebral venous tree.
|
Although many blood flow models have been constructed for cerebral arterial trees, few models have been reported for their venous counterparts. In this paper, we present a computational model for an anatomically accurate cerebral venous tree which was created from a computed tomography angiography (CTA) image. The topology of the tree containing 42 veins was constructed with 1-D cubic-Hermite finite element mesh. The model was formulated using the reduced Navier-Stokes equations together with an empirical constitutive equation for the vessel wall which takes both distended and compressed states of the wall into account. A robust bifurcation model was also incorporated into the model to evaluate flow across branches. Furthermore, a set of hierarchal inflow pressure boundary conditions were prescribed to close the system of equations. Some assumptions were made to simplify the numerical treatment, e.g., the external pressure was considered as uniform across the venous tree, and a vein was either distended or partially collapsed but not both. Using such a scheme we were able to evaluate the blood flow over several cardiac cycles for the large venous tree. The predicted results from the model were compared with ultrasonic measurements acquired at several sites of the venous tree and agreements have been reached either qualitatively (flow waveform shape) or quantitatively (flow velocity magnitude). We then discuss the significance of this venous model, its potential applications, and also present numerical experiments pertinent to limitations of the proposed model.
|
['Adult', 'Angiography', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Computer Simulation', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 22,949,055
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of wheel-running during abstinence on subsequent nicotine-seeking in rats.
|
RATIONALE: Exercise appears to be a promising non-pharmacological treatment for nicotine addiction that may be useful for the vulnerable adolescent population.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine if wheel-running, an animal model of aerobic exercise, during an abstinence period would decrease subsequent nicotine-seeking in rats that had extended access to nicotine self-administration during adolescence.METHODS: Male adolescent rats (n = 55) were trained to self-administer saline or nicotine infusions (5 or 10 ìg/kg) under a fixed ratio 1 schedule with a maximum of 20 infusions/day beginning on postnatal day 30. After 5 days, access was extended to 23 h/day with unlimited infusions for a total of 10 days. After the last self-administration session, rats were moved to polycarbonate cages for a 10-day abstinence period where they either had access to a locked or unlocked running wheel for 2 h/day. Nicotine-seeking was examined following the 10th day of abstinence under a within-session extinction/cue-induced reinstatement paradigm.RESULTS: Intake was higher at the 10 ìg/kg dose as compared to the 5 ìg/kg dose; however, intake did not differ within doses prior to wheel assignment. Compared to saline controls, rats that self-administered nicotine at either dose showed a significant increase in drug-seeking during extinction, and consistent with our hypothesis, exercise during abstinence attenuated this effect. Nicotine led to modest but significant levels of cue-induced reinstatement; however, in this adolescent-onset model, levels were variable and not affected by exercise.CONCLUSIONS: Exercise may effectively reduce relapse vulnerability for adolescent-onset nicotine addiction.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Cues', 'Drug-Seeking Behavior', 'Extinction, Psychological', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reinforcement Schedule', 'Self Administration', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome']
| 23,371,488
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F01.145.342'], ['F02.463.425.770.232'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F02.463.425.770.644'], ['E02.319.890', 'E02.900.890'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biomass Increases Go under Cover: Woody Vegetation Dynamics in South African Rangelands.
|
Woody biomass dynamics are an expression of ecosystem function, yet biomass estimates do not provide information on the spatial distribution of woody vegetation within the vertical vegetation subcanopy. We demonstrate the ability of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to measure aboveground biomass and subcanopy structure, as an explanatory tool to unravel vegetation dynamics in structurally heterogeneous landscapes. We sampled three communal rangelands in Bushbuckridge, South Africa, utilised by rural communities for fuelwood harvesting. Woody biomass estimates ranged between 9 Mg ha(-1) on gabbro geology sites to 27 Mg ha(-1) on granitic geology sites. Despite predictions of woodland depletion due to unsustainable fuelwood extraction in previous studies, biomass in all the communal rangelands increased between 2008 and 2012. Annual biomass productivity estimates (10-14% p.a.) were higher than previous estimates of 4% and likely a significant contributor to the previous underestimations of modelled biomass supply. We show that biomass increases are attributable to growth of vegetation <5 m in height, and that, in the high wood extraction rangeland, 79% of the changes in the vertical vegetation subcanopy are gains in the 1-3 m height class. The higher the wood extraction pressure on the rangelands, the greater the biomass increases in the low height classes within the subcanopy, likely a strong resprouting response to intensive harvesting. Yet, fuelwood shortages are still occurring, as evidenced by the losses in the tall tree height class in the high extraction rangeland. Loss of large trees and gain in subcanopy shrubs could result in a structurally simple landscape with reduced functional capacity. This research demonstrates that intensive harvesting can, paradoxically, increase biomass and this has implications for the sustainability of ecosystem service provision. The structural implications of biomass increases in communal rangelands could be misinterpreted as woodland recovery in the absence of three-dimensional, subcanopy information.
|
['Biomass', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Forestry', 'Forests', 'Humans', 'South Africa', 'Trees', 'Wood']
| 25,969,985
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['J01.576.430'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['B01.650.915'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Replication variants of the human inactive X chromosome. II. Frequency and replication rate relative to the other chromosomes of the complement.
|
Replication variants of the inactive X chromosome were investigated in lymphocytes from six donors by means of terminal BrdU or thymidine incorporation. There were interindividual differences in the incidence of particular variants. In endoreduplicated and tetraploid cells both allocyclic X chromosomes showed the same replication sequence. The Xp22 band of the allocyclic X chromosome seemed to replicate later than the homologous material in some cells. Initiation time of DNA synthesis within the inactive X chromosome was found to be stable; termination time, however, varied greatly relative to the other chromosomes. Early completion of replication within the heterochromatic X chromosome could be demonstrated preferentially for the Xq25-27 terminal sequence, but other variants expressed the phenomenon also. A variable replication rate of the inactive X chromosome is believed to be responsible for its asynchronous, independent replication. The biological significance of the phenomenon is discussed with respect to cell differentiation.
|
['Chromosome Aberrations', 'DNA Replication', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymphocytes', 'X Chromosome']
| 6,538,134
|
[['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aâ-induced microglial cell activation is inhibited by baicalin through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
|
Baicalin has shown multiple neuroprotective biological activities, including antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegeneration diseases. However, whether baicalin can regulate Aâ-induced microglial activation or inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion has not been confirmed. We demonstrated that baicalin can inhibit beta amyloid peptides (Aâ42)-induced BV2 microglial cell proliferation, reduce the expression of CD11b, decrease chemotactic ability of BV2 cells and significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-6, TNF-á and NO. Moreover, baicalin pretreatment can effectively inhibit Aâ-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Baicalin can inhibit Aâ-induced microglial cell activation by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in AD transgenic mice. The modulation of microglial proliferation, activation and secretion by baicalin could be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
|
['Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Flavonoids', 'Humans', 'Janus Kinase 2', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microglia', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Random Allocation', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction']
| 24,219,385
|
[['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.200', 'D12.776.476.393.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protective effects of magnesium sulfate against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
|
AIMS: Clinical use of doxorubicin, an effective chemotherapeutic agent, has limited uses due to dose-dependent cardiac toxicity. It has been supposed that the production of free radicals and calcium ions overload can lead to cardiac toxicity. Magnesium is a cardioprotective drug which inhibits lipid peroxidation and reducing myocardial apoptosis. This study was aimed to explore the hypothesis that the cardiac toxicity induced by administration of doxorubicin is prevented or reduced by magnesium sulfate treatment and if so, whether this is associated with altered oxidative stress response in heart.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with doxorubicin and magnesium sulfate and normal saline four times per week for 2 consecutive weeks. Then electrocardiographic, inotropic and biochemical tests were performed.KEY FINDINGS: Co-administration of magnesium sulfate with doxorubicin significantly reversed alterations in the stimulation threshold and contractile force induced by doxorubicin. In addition, magnesium sulfate improved body weight loss and alleviated the mortality rate of animals induced by doxorubicin. Moreover, it was observed that lesions induced by doxorubicin decreased in animals treated with magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate significantly increased Glutathione (GSH) in doxorubicin treated animals.SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that magnesium sulfate attenuate the cardio toxic effects of doxorubicin by increasing the activities of the antioxidants enzyme.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Body Weight', 'Calcium', 'Cardiotoxicity', 'Doxorubicin', 'Electrocardiography', 'Free Radicals', 'Glutathione', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Ions', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxygen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 29,940,240
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C14.280.260', 'C23.550.161', 'C25.100.389', 'C26.733.266', 'G01.750.748.500.266'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.560'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D01.524.550', 'D01.875.800.800.850.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lorazepam, alprazolam and diazepam.
|
The contribution of differential absorption-distribution pharmacokinetics to drug activity can be partially determined by comparing simultaneous estimates of drug serum level with pharmacodynamic effects. In the present paper we have contrasted the effects of clinically equipotent doses of lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam on the performance of tracking and digit symbol substitution tasks. Eight young males were tested for 12 h after ingesting the drug. The three benzodiazepines and placebo were administered to each subject according to a balanced double-blind Latin square design. A model is presented that describes the relationship between drug concentration and the degree of impairment across time after the final peak effect. Exponential rate constants were determined for each drug using a Marquardt nonlinear fit of the pooled data. Basically, the constants relate offset serum drug values to the impairment curves at a time when serum-brain equilibrium is assumed to have occurred. The values indicate markedly rapid acute tolerance for alprazolam and diazepam but relatively little acute tolerance for lorazepam. Whether these constants reflect adaptation or differential association-dissociation receptor rate constants cannot be determined, but they do highlight the need to consider receptor kinetics as an important factor in benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics.
|
['Adult', 'Alprazolam', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Diazepam', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Tolerance', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lorazepam', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 2,863,843
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.030'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.992'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.450'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A Benchtop Approach to the Location Specific Blood Brain Barrier Opening using Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model.
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Stereotaxic surgery is the gold standard for localized drug and gene delivery to the rodent brain. This technique has many advantages over systemic delivery including precise localization to a target brain region and reduction of off target side effects. However, stereotaxic surgery is highly invasive which limits its translational efficacy, requires long recovery times, and provides challenges when targeting multiple brain regions. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be used in combination with circulating microbubbles to transiently open the blood brain barrier (BBB) in millimeter sized regions. This allows intracranial localization of systemically delivered agents that cannot normally cross the BBB. This technique provides a noninvasive alternative to stereotaxic surgery. However, to date this technique has yet to be widely adopted in neuroscience laboratories due to the limited access to equipment and standardized methods. The overall goal of this protocol is to provide a benchtop approach to FUS BBB opening (BBBO) that is affordable and reproducible and can therefore be easily adopted by any laboratory.
|
['Animals', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Laboratories', 'Microbubbles', 'Rats', 'Ultrasonic Waves']
| 32,597,853
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['E02.319.300'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487'], ['E07.553'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.750.770.776.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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