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[From Alma-Ata to the digital citizen: towards a digital primary health care in Peru].
|
The countries of the Region of the Americas Numerous have experienced many changes since the Declaration of AlmaAta in 1978, such as globalization, new epidemiologic and demographic profiles, and the information and communication technology revolution. Nevertheless, the primary health care models in many countries of the region still endure numerous challenges, including the disarticulation of the levels of care and an inefficient management of information. It is urgent to implement a strong, flexible, and interoperable health information system that would allow the suitable access to precise, reliable, and consistent information about the health of the population. This article discusses the perspectives to develop a digital primary health care system.
|
['Congresses as Topic', 'Forecasting', 'Global Health', 'International Cooperation', 'Kazakhstan', 'Medical Informatics', 'Peru', 'Primary Health Care']
| 30,726,422
|
[['N03.540.199'], ['I01.320'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['I01.615.500'], ['Z01.252.100.420', 'Z01.542.931.440', 'Z01.586.950.440'], ['L01.313.500'], ['Z01.107.757.702'], ['N04.590.233.727']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibitors of protein synthesis inhibit both La Crosse virus S-mRNA and S genome syntheses in vivo.
|
The effect of drugs such as puromycin and cycloheximide, which inhibit protein synthesis, on the accumulation of La Crosse virus S genome RNAs in vivo has been examined. We have found that if these drugs are added to the cultures before infection, minuscule amounts of S-mRNA can be detected late in infection. Genome replication, on the other hand, cannot be detected at any time. When these drugs are added later in infection when RNA synthesis is well established, S-mRNA accumulation decreases in a dose-dependent manner proportional to the effect of these drugs on protein synthesis. This decrease cannot be accounted for by increased turnover of the mRNA in the presence of the drug. S genome replication, curiously, was found to be hypersensitive to the effects of these drugs. Our results confirm those of Abraham and Pattnaik (1983) that ongoing protein synthesis is required for the accumulation of complete bunyavirus S-mRNA.
|
['Anisomycin', 'Bunyaviridae', 'Cycloheximide', 'Encephalitis Virus, California', 'Genes, Viral', 'Pactamycin', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Puromycin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Viral', 'Trichodermin']
| 3,751,285
|
[['D03.383.773.050'], ['B04.820.480.750'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['B04.820.230.100', 'B04.820.480.750.640.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.450', 'D02.241.511.390.450', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.450', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.450'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D02.241.223.200.380', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.711', 'D09.408.051.788', 'D13.570.583.138.711'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D02.455.849.765.850.950.750', 'D04.345.891.900', 'D23.946.587.933.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Idiotypic analysis of hybridoma antibodies to branched synthetic polymer (Tyr, Glu)-Ala-Lys: idiotypic relationship with antibodies to linear random polymer (Glu60, Ala30, Tyr10).
|
The expression of three anti-GAT idiotypes, CGAT, Gte, and GA-1, on 17 C57BL/10 and four C3H.SW hybridoma anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies was analyzed. These hybridoma anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies exhibited two patterns of fine antigen binding specificity. The majority of the hybridoma antibodies bound the (T,G)-A--L, GT, and GAT polymers but not the GA polymer, and were designated as GT-reactive hybridoma antibodies. A minor population of hybridoma anti(T,G)-A--L antibodies bound to (T,G)-A--L but not to GT, GAT, or GA, i.e., (T,G)-A--L-specific. A complete correlation between fine antigen binding pattern and the expression of CGAT idiotype was demonstrated. None of the 21 hybridoma anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies expressed the GA-1 idiotype. All of the GT-reactive and none of the GT-nonreactive hybridoma anti-(%,G)-A--L antibodies expressed the CGAT idiotype. Furthermore, the Gte idiotype was found on the majority of CGAT+-bearing C57BL/10 hybridoma anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies. These results indicate that C57BL/10 anti-(T,G)-A--L antibody repertoire can be grouped into a minimum of three families; i.e., CGAT+ Gte+, CGAT+ Gte-, and CGAT- Gte- families, with the CGAT+ Gte+ family as the major compartment. This is confirmed by the high percentage idiotype binding of serum anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies with anti-CGAT idiotypic antisera. Finally, anti-idiotypic antisera made against CGAT+ hybridoma anti-GAT or anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies crossreact extensively with other CGAT+ hybridoma anti-GAT and anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies. However, additional experiments demonstrated that CGAT+ hybridoma anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies also possess private idiotypes.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Epitopes', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hybridomas', 'Immune Sera', 'Immunoglobulin Idiotypes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Peptides', 'Polymers', 'Rabbits']
| 6,172,496
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['D12.644.541.500.745', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.745', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.745', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.745', 'D23.050.550.750', 'G02.111.570.060.425.580', 'G12.500.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D12.644'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 12 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
|
Previously, we showed that the expression of potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 12 (KCTD12), which was discovered by a proteomics approach, is associated with high-risk behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Here, we examined the distribution and expression of this protein by immunostaining with a commercially available polyclonal KCTD12 antibody in GISTs (n = 64) and other types of malignancy (n = 168) to clarify its diagnostic and clinical significance. Diffuse KCTD12 immunoreactivity was found in most GISTs (52 cases; 81%). KCTD12 expression was observed primarily in vascular endothelial cells, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and some neurons scattered throughout the cerebral cortex. KCTD12 was absent from not only the interstitial cells of Cajal but also interstitial cells of Cajal hyperplasia that was encountered incidentally in colon diverticulitis. KCTD12 immunostaining was also seen in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (2/10 cases; 20%), synovial sarcomas (2/10; 20%), solitary fibrous tumor (1/8; 13%), angiosarcoma (1/7; 14%), and colon adenocarcinoma (1/24; 4%). In survival analyses, the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of patients without KCTD12 expression was only 16.7% compared with 95.6% in those with KCTD12 expression (P < .0001). Ki-67 and KCTD12 were significant predictors of recurrence-free survival, and KCTD12 expression provided additional information about recurrence-free survival after accounting for Ki-67 status. Overall, KCTD12 expression was specific for GISTs from neoplastic and nonneoplastic adult tissues other than brain and served as a predictor of GIST recurrence. These findings suggest that KCTD12 is a useful and reliable biomarker for both the diagnosis and prognosis of GIST.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors', 'Humans', 'Interstitial Cells of Cajal', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neurons', 'Prognosis', 'Proteins', 'Purkinje Cells', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']
| 23,290,008
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['C04.557.450.565.370', 'C06.301.371.308', 'C06.405.249.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.620.124'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212.600', 'A08.675.784', 'A11.671.784'], ['C04.588.839'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene intron 4 polymorphism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
|
INTRODUCTION: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) is a key regulator of vascular nitric oxide production. Polymorphism in intron 4 of the ecNOS gene is implicated in cardiovascular and renal diseases. We investigated a potential involvement of this polymorphism in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its renal complications.METHODS: This preliminary study involved 410 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 330 healthy control subjects. From the diabetes group 178 patients had diabetic nephropathy. All subjects were genotyped for the ecNOS4 polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by gel electrophoresis. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between diabetes patients with and without nephropathy and the control group. All calculations were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows 5.0. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for case-control comparisons. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the comparison of subgroups of patients with diabetes.RESULTS: The analysis revealed that patients with diabetes, regardless of their nephropathy status, were significantly different in genotype distribution and 4a allele frequencies compared with controls (p < 0.05). The frequency of aa genotype was 8.2% in diabetic patients without nephropathy, 8.4% with those with nephropathy and 1.2% in controls. The 4a allele showed a significant effect on diabetic nephropathy, with odds ratio of 2.24 (95% confidence interval 1.12-3.40). There were no significant differences in the 4a allele frequency between the normotensive and hypertensive patients with diabetes.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the ecNOS gene polymorphism can serve as a useful genetic marker of increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and its renal complications.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Base Sequence', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 14,580,231
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['G05.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Relationship of genotype rather than race to hepatitis B virus pathogenicity: a study of Japanese and Solomon Islanders.
|
The aim of this study was to determine the predominant hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in the Solomon Islands and determine if there is any racial correlation between genotype and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) production in Japanese and Melanesian individuals. A total of 403 serum samples from 206 Melanesian HBV carriers in the Solomon Islands and 197 Japanese carriers from Fukuoka (n = 106) and Okinawa (n = 91) living in Japan in 2001 were tested. The HBV genotypes of 206 Melanesian subjects were 114 with genotype C (55.3%) and 92 with genotype D (44.7%). The HBV genotypes of 197 Japanese subjects were 74 with genotype B (37.6%) and 123 with genotype C (62.4%). The total HBeAg prevalence of subjects in Fukuoka (36.8%) was significantly higher than that of subjects in Okinawa (14.3%) (P < 0.0001) and subjects in the Solomon Islands (35.0%; P = 0.0014, by the Mantel-Haenszel test). The genotype C prevalences were significantly different, ranging from 24.2% in Okinawa, to 54.4% in the Solomon Islands, to 95.3% in Fukuoka (all P < 0.0001, by chi-square test). The prevalence of HBeAg positivity was significantly higher in Melanesian genotype C subjects (42.0%) than Melanesian genotype D subjects (26.6%) (P = 0.0310). Similarly, the prevalence of HBeAg positivity was significantly higher in Japanese genotype C subjects (36.6%) than Japanese genotype B subjects (9.5%) (P < 0.0001). These findings indicate that that HBV was of genotypes C and D in the Solomon Islands, and that the pathogenesis of HBV-infected patients is related to HBV genotype rather than race.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanesia', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Precursors']
| 15,155,994
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.760.590'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.811']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of thyroxine administration to the mother on postnatal radioiodine uptake by the thyroid of partially thyroidectomized rats.
|
The experiment was carried out on 35 litters of infant rats aged 4-17 days. The animals in each litter were always divided into two groups: control (sham operation) and experimental (hemithyroidectomy). Starting with the day on which the young were operated on, the mothers received daily subcutaneous injections of either saline or of thyroxine in doses of 50, 100 or 200 mug. At the end of the experiment, the young were injected intraperitoneally with 1 muCi 131I. One hour later they were decapitated and the radioactivity in their thyroid was expressed as the percentage of the administered dose per mg thyroid. The following age groups were used, according to the interval between thyroidectomy and decapitation: 4 to 8, 9 to 13, 13 to 15 and 15 to 17 days. 131I uptake by the residue of the thyroid in partially thyroidectomized animals was always compared with the values in the animals from the same litter subjected to sham operation. The results showed that partial thyroidectomy significantly stimulated 131I uptake in all age groups in which the mother was only given saline. In the 4- to 8-day-old group, the administration of 50 or 100 mug thyroxine to the mother inhibited this compensatory increase. In the 9- to 13-day-old group, inhibition occurred only after a dose of 100 mug thyroxine. In animals with an interval from the 13th to the 15th days old the dose of thyroxine administered to the mother had to be raised to 200 mug/day to achieve an inhibitory effect. In the last group (interval 15th to 17th day), not even administration of the maximum thyroxine dose to the mother from the 13th postnatal day succeeded in inhibiting the significant increase in 131I uptake. These results show that thyroxine administered to lactating female rats can be transmitted via the milk to the organism of the young in amounts which can be demonstrated in a physiological tests.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Female', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Thyroxine']
| 128,011
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A06.300.900'], ['E04.270.856'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of amide replacements in CCR5 antagonists as a means to increase intrinsic permeability. Part 2: SAR optimization and pharmacokinetic profile of a homologous azacyle series.
|
Replacement of a secondary amide with a piperidine or azetidine moiety in a series of CCR5 antagonists led to the discovery of compounds with increased intrinsic permeability. This effort led to the identification of a potent CCR5 antagonist which exhibited an improved in vivo pharmacokinetic profile.
|
['Amides', 'Aza Compounds', 'CCR5 Receptor Antagonists', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 20,855,212
|
[['D02.065'], ['D02.145'], ['D27.505.519.275', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.104'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Streptozotocin diabetes: a glucoreceptor dysfunction affecting D cells as well as B and A cells.
|
Somatostatin release from the isolated pancreas of 3 normal and 6 streptozotocin diabetic dogs has been measured in response to various stimuli to determine whether abnormalities in somatostatin release are present in the diabetic pancreas. Simultaneous measurement of glucagon secretion was also made. In the pancreas from normal dogs increases in perfusate glucose from 25 to 200 mg/100 ml induced a 2--3 fold increase in somatostatin release and a two thirds decrease in glucagon secretion. In contrast, in the diabetic pancreas glucose caused no change in the secretion of the two hormones. In the diabetic pancreas addition of insulin to the perfusate (25,000 microU/ml) for periods from 10 to 75 minutes aimed at restoring normal extracellular insulin levels in the islets failed to restore either somatostatin or glucagon secretion to normal. In contradistinction to the lack of effect of glucose, the somatostatin and glucagon responses to arginine (5 mmol/l), isoproterenol (2 ng/ml) and calcium (5 mmol/l) were normal in the diabetic pancreas. The data suggests the presence of a selective glucoreceptor abnormality of the D as well as of B and A cells in the streptozotocin diabetic dog.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Calcium', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Dogs', 'Glucagon', 'Glucose', 'Insulin', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Pancreas', 'Somatostatin']
| 395,006
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Rapid recovery of in vivo prostacyclin formation after inhibition by aspirin. Evidence from measurements of the major urinary metabolite of prostacyclin by GC-MS.
|
The effect of aspirin on the in vivo formation of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in normal healthy individuals was studied by measuring the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 2,3-dinor-TxB2 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Administration of 500 mg aspirin twice daily caused a sustained reduction in the excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 to 10-15% of the predose value, while the excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was reduced for only about 3 hours after the aspirin dose. The data demonstrate a considerable difference in the inhibitory effect of aspirin on the in vivo synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin.
|
['6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha', 'Adult', 'Aspirin', 'Epoprostenol', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostaglandin Antagonists', 'Thromboxane B2', 'Time Factors']
| 3,519,239
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.400.350', 'D10.251.355.325.450', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.350'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.347.710', 'D27.505.696.399.450.710'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Educating tomorrow's doctors.
|
Universities and medical schools must leave their cloistered environment. The time has come for them to venture out into the world and grapple with the problems of society, taking actual responsibility for the health of their local populations. And medical students should be educated in the ideals and practicalities of the new mission.
|
['Academic Medical Centers', 'Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Forecasting', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', "Physician's Role", 'Social Change', 'Social Values', 'Teaching']
| 8,397,729
|
[['N02.278.020'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.399'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['I01.320'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['I01.076.201.450.776', 'I01.880.853.400', 'N01.824.737'], ['F01.829.873'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chemoprophylaxis of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy 1856) infection at a high challenge environment.
|
BACKGROUND: The frequency of canine heartworm infection in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was high before chemoprophylactic treatment was available, with one of the highest rates of infection (52.5 %) found among dogs living on the eastern shore of the state. Following the launch of a chemoprophylactic product, the rate of infection gradually decreased, and new infections were rarely reported. After 2005, outbreaks reported at the eastern shore as well as for new infections in other areas of high infection frequency were considered to possibly be related to reduced efficacy of macrocyclic lactones. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical heartworm preventatives from different drug families at the high challenge area of the state of Rio de Janeiro.METHODS: A total of 46 dogs, including animals negative for Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and antigen (Snap 4 Dx, IDEXX Laboratories, USA) at the initial screening were randomly allocated to two monthly treatment groups. Dogs in one group received topical moxidectin + imidacloprid and dogs in the other group received topical selamectin for eight consecutive months. Blood samples were obtained for microfilariae and antigen detection until the eleventh month after the first treatment. Dogs becoming microfilaremic or antigenemic on or before day 180 were considered to be infected prior to the first dose and were excluded from the study.RESULTS: A total of 29 dogs completed the study, including 14 treated with moxidectin + imidacloprid and 15 treated with selamectin. No dogs treated with moxidectin + imidacloprid (0/14) became infected during the treatment period, whereas four dogs of the selamectin group (4/15) became infected.CONCLUSION: Topical moxidectin + imidacloprid is 100 % effective in preventing D. immitis infections in dogs living in a high challenge natural environment.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Anthelmintics', 'Brazil', 'Chemoprevention', 'Dirofilaria immitis', 'Dirofilariasis', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Imidazoles', 'Ivermectin', 'Lactones', 'Macrolides', 'Male', 'Microfilariae', 'Neonicotinoids', 'Nitro Compounds']
| 26,459,036
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E02.319.162'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.230.300'], ['C01.610.335.349.320', 'C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.290', 'C01.610.701.377.320', 'C22.674.377.320'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.310'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D02.540.576.500.997'], ['D02.540'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.470', 'B05.525'], ['D03.383.464'], ['D02.640']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The Relation Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Normal Tension Glaucoma.
|
PURPOSE: We investigated whether polymorphisms of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). We also investigated whether the eNOS polymorphisms are associated with NTG subgroups [NTG with and without optic disc hemorrhage (DH)].METHODS: A total of 251 patients with NTG and 245 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was extracted, and the genotypes of 4 polymorphisms (rs2070744, rs1549758, rs1799983, and rs2566514) in the eNOS gene were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism and the SNaPshot method. The primary outcome was to investigate the relation between eNOS polymorphisms and NTG. The secondary outcome was to compare the frequencies of the polymorphic genotypes among the NTG subgroups. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for type I error.RESULTS: In all subjects, the genotype distribution was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. None of the 4 polymorphisms showed any significant difference in the frequencies of alleles or genotypes between the NTG patients and controls. In the further analysis comparing the genotypic frequencies between NTG with DH and normal controls, the CC/CT genotype of rs2070744 was significantly associated with DH in NTG patients (genotypic association test, P-value=0.0041). On the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates such as sex and age, the NTG with DH was associated with polymorphic genotypes of rs2070744 with a borderline significance (additive genetic model, P=0.0070).CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicates that eNOS rs2070744 can be associated with NTG patients with DH. This finding suggests that the eNOS polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor in the development of DH in NTG patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Low Tension Glaucoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Optic Disk', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Retinal Hemorrhage']
| 28,777,225
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G05.380'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['C11.525.381.703', 'C11.640.225'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C11.290.807', 'C11.768.710', 'C23.550.414.756.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Fine time course expression analysis identifies cascades of activation and repression and maps a putative regulator of mammalian sex determination.
|
In vertebrates, primary sex determination refers to the decision within a bipotential organ precursor to differentiate as a testis or ovary. Bifurcation of organ fate begins between embryonic day (E) 11.0-E12.0 in mice and likely involves a dynamic transcription network that is poorly understood. To elucidate the first steps of sexual fate specification, we profiled the XX and XY gonad transcriptomes at fine granularity during this period and resolved cascades of gene activation and repression. C57BL/6J (B6) XY gonads showed a consistent ~5-hour delay in the activation of most male pathway genes and repression of female pathway genes relative to 129S1/SvImJ, which likely explains the sensitivity of the B6 strain to male-to-female sex reversal. Using this fine time course data, we predicted novel regulatory genes underlying expression QTLs (eQTLs) mapped in a previous study. To test predictions, we developed an in vitro gonad primary cell assay and optimized a lentivirus-based shRNA delivery method to silence candidate genes and quantify effects on putative targets. We provide strong evidence that Lmo4 (Lim-domain only 4) is a novel regulator of sex determination upstream of SF1 (Nr5a1), Sox9, Fgf9, and Col9a3. This approach can be readily applied to identify regulatory interactions in other systems.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Gonads', 'LIM Domain Proteins', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Ovary', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Sex Determination Processes', 'Testis']
| 23,874,228
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['A05.360.576', 'A06.300.312'], ['D12.776.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G05.813', 'G07.345.500.325.377.812', 'G07.345.750.437', 'G08.686.841.437'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Complete amino acid sequence of the FK506 and rapamycin binding protein, FKBP, isolated from calf thymus.
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FKBP, an 11.8 kD intracellular protein that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 (Kd = 0.4 nM) and rapamycin (Kd = 0.2 nM) with high affinity, was purified to homogeneity from calf thymus. The complete amino acid sequence has been determined by automated Edman degradation of the intact molecule and overlapping fragments generated by proteolytic and chemical cleavage. The analysis revealed a 107 amino acid peptide chain with the following sequence: GVQVETISPGDGRTFPKRGQTCVVHYTGMLEDGKKFDSSRDRNKPFKFV- LGKQEVIRGWEEGVAQMSVGQRAKLTISPDYAYGATGHPGIIPPNATLIFDVELLKLE. The molecular weight, calculated from the amino acid sequence to be 11,778 D, was confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Thus, naturally isolated bovine FKBP does not appear to have any residues modified by glycosylation, phosphorylation, or other posttranslational derivatization processes. Bovine FKBP has only three amino acid residues that differ from human FKBP, whose sequence was elucidated by cloning and sequencing complementary DNA (Standaert et al., 1990). The protein has a substantial number of hydrophilic peptide segments with prevalent beta-strand type of chain fold. Understanding the biological function of FKBP and other members of the immunophilin class and their respective complexes with immunosuppressive drugs may provide insights into cytoplasmic signalling mechanisms, protein folding and translocation, and other cellular processes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cattle', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Polyenes', 'Sirolimus', 'Tacrolimus', 'Tacrolimus Binding Proteins', 'Thymus Gland', 'Trypsin']
| 1,718,307
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D02.455.326.271.665'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['D02.540.505.810'], ['D08.811.399.325.500.400.700', 'D12.776.543.750.705.400.700', 'D12.776.827.275.700'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Endothelin-1 in hypertension in the baroreflex-intact SHR: a role independent from vasopressin release.
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This study sought to identify whether central endothelin (ET) receptor activation contributes to the elevated pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and whether an ET-stimulated vasopressin (AVP) release mediates the increased pressure. In Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, intracerebroventricular ET-1 induced a dose-dependent pressor response that was shifted rightward in SHR. ET(A) antagonism decreased mean arterial pressure in baroreflex-intact SHR (P<0.01), consistent with inhibition of endogenous ET-1, and blocked the pressor response to exogenous ET-1 in both strains. ET-1 increased AVP only after sinoaortic denervation (P<0.05). Contrary to WKY, sinoaortic denervation was required to elicit a significant pressor response with 5 pmol ET-1 in SHR. Sinoaortic denervation permitted ET-1 to increase AVP in both strains, and peripheral V(1) blockade decreased pressure in denervated but not intact rats. After nitroprusside normalized pressure in SHR, the pressor and AVP secretory responses paralleled those in WKY. Thus endogenous ET(A) receptor mechanisms contribute to hypertension, independent of AVP, in baroreflex-intact SHR. Although blunted in the hypertensive state, the arterial baroreflex buffers the ET-1-induced pressor and AVP secretory responses in both strains.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Baroreflex', 'Blood Pressure', 'Denervation', 'Endothelin-1', 'Heart Rate', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Receptors, Vasopressin', 'Sinus of Valsalva']
| 10,893,318
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['G09.330.380.057', 'G11.561.731.063'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E04.525.210'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.910', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.900'], ['A07.015.114.056.847']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Early childhood lead exposure and the persistence of educational consequences into adolescence.
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BACKGROUND: There is consensus that early childhood lead exposure causes adverse cognitive and behavioral effects, even at blood lead levels (BLL) below 5 ìg/dL. What has not been established is to what extent the effects of childhood lead exposure persist across grades.OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of early childhood lead exposure (BLL 1-10 ìg/dL) on educational performance from grades 3-8; to determine if effects in lower grades persist as a child progresses through school; and if so, to characterize the pattern of persistence.METHODS: We examine data from 560,624 children living in North Carolina between 2000 and 2012 with a BLL ?10 ìg/dL measured between age 0-5 years. Children are matched to their standardized math and reading scores for grades 3-8, creating an unbalanced panel of 2,344,358 student-year observations. We use socio-economic, demographic, and school information along with matching techniques to control for confounding effects.RESULTS: We find that early childhood exposure to low lead levels caused persistent deficits in educational performance across grades. In each grade (3-8), children with higher blood lead levels had, on average, lower percentile scores in both math and reading than children with lower blood lead levels. In our primary model, we find that children with BLL = 5 ìg/dL in early childhood ranked 0.90-1.20 (1.35-1.55) percentiles lower than children with BLL ? 1 ìg/dL on math (reading) tests during grades 3-8. As children progressed through school, the average percentile deficit in their test scores remained stable.CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the adverse effects of early childhood exposure to low lead levels persist through early adolescence, and that the magnitude of the test-score percentile deficit remains steady between grades 3-8.
|
['Academic Performance', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lead', 'Lead Poisoning', 'Male', 'North Carolina', 'Schools', 'Young Adult']
| 31,473,504
|
[['I02.399.136'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C25.723.522.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Tyrosine sulfation in N-terminal domain of human C5a receptor is necessary for binding of chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus.
|
AIM: Staphylococcus aureus evades host defense through releasing several virulence proteins, such as chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS). It has been shown that extracellular N terminus of C5a receptor (C5aR) forms the binding domain for CHIPS, and tyrosine sulfation is emerging as a key factor in determining protein-protein interaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of tyrosine sulfation of N-terminal of C5aR in its binding with CHIPS.METHODS: Expression plasmids encoding C5aR and its mutants were prepared using PCR and site-directed mutagenesis and were used to transfect HEK 293T cells using calcium phosphate. Recombinant CHIPS protein was purified. Western blotting was used to examine the binding efficiency of CHIPS to C5aR or its mutants.RESULTS: CHIPS exclusively binds to C5aR, but not to C5L2 or C3aR. A nonspecific sulfation inhibitor, sodium chlorate (50 nmol/L), diminishes the binding ability of C5aR with CHIPS. Blocking sulfation by mutation of tyrosine to phenylalanine at positions 11 and 14 of C5aR N terminus, which blocked sulfation, completely abrogates CHIPS binding. When tyrosine 14 alone was mutated to phenylalanine, the binding efficiency of recombinant CHIPS was substantially decreased.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a structural basis of C5aR-CHIPS association, in which tyrosine sulfation of N-terminal C5aR plays an important role. Our data may have potential significance in development of novel drugs for therapeutic intervention.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a', 'Receptors, Complement', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Tyrosine']
| 21,706,042
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.024', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.550'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.833'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression of Bcl-2 and Fas and apoptosis of T lymphocyte in the peripheral blood of patients with end-stage renal diseases].
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Fas and the apoptosis of T lymphocyte in the peripheral blood of patients with end-stage renal diseases; and to test the impact of various dialysis membranes on the apoptosis of T lymphocyte.METHODS: T lymphocyte was cultured with the stimulation of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 24 h. The apoptosis of T lymphocyte was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of Bcl-2 and Fas was measured with immunohistochemical approach. A total of 10 non-dialyszed (ND) patients, 45 maintenance hemodialysis patients with cellulose acetate (CA) membrane, low-flux (PS-LF) and high-fluxpolusulfone (PS-HF) membrane, and 8 healthy volunteers (HC) participated in the study.RESULTS: The patients with end-stage renal diseases had greater apoptosis of T lymphocyte than healthy volunteers (P < 0.01). The patients undergoing hemodialysis with CA membrane had greater apoptosis of T lymphocyte than those with PS-LF and PS-HF membranes (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 in T lymphocyte of patients with end-stage renal diseases was lower than that of healthy valunteers (P < 0. 01). The apoptosis of T lymphocyte was negatively correlated with the expression of Bcl-2 (r = -0. 83, P < 0.01). The expression of Fas in T lymphocyte of patients with end-stage renal diseases was greater than that of healthy valunteers (P < 0.01). The apoptosis of T lymphocyte was positively correlated with the expression of Fas (r = 0.81, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Patients with end-stage renal diseases may experience accelerated apoptosis of T lymphocyte, which is associated with the high expression of Fas and low expression of Bcl-2 in T lymphocyte. The apoptosis of T lymphocyte is also influenced by the permeability of the dialysis membranes.
|
['Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Renal Dialysis', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 18,575,326
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of EZH2 induces NK cell-mediated differentiation and death in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
|
Lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and members of the Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) family are known to counteract the activity of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), which is often overexpressed and is associated with poor prognosis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Here we provide evidence that alterations in chromatin modifying enzymes, including KDM6A and members of the SWI/SNF complex, are frequent in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We exploit the loss of function mutations in KDM6A and SWI/SNF complex to make bladder cancer cells susceptible to EZH2-based epigenetic therapy that activates an immune response to drive tumor cell differentiation and death. We reveal a novel mechanism of action of EZH2 inhibition, alone and in combination with cisplatin, which induces immune signaling with the largest changes observed in interferon gamma (IFN-ã). This upregulation is a result of activated natural killer (NK) signaling as demonstrated by the increase in NK cell-associated genes MIP-1á, ICAM1, ICAM2, and CD86 in xenografts treated with EZH2 inhibitors. Conversely, EZH2 inhibition results in decreased expression of pluripotency markers, ALDH2 and CK5, and increased cell death. Our results reveal a novel sensitivity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells with KMD6A and SWI/SNF mutations to EZH2 inhibition alone and in combination with cisplatin. This sensitivity is mediated through increased NK cell-related signaling resulting in tumor cell differentiation and cell death.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cisplatin', 'Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 30,692,641
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D05.500.781.750.250', 'D08.811.913.555.500.800.200.500.500.500', 'D12.776.660.235.600.200.250', 'D12.776.664.235.800.200.250', 'D12.776.930.780.890.200.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Polysaccharide fractions from Fortunella margarita affect proliferation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 and undergo structural changes following fermentation.
|
In this study, the relationships between the proliferation effect of polysaccharide fractions from the citrus shrub Fortunella margarita on Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 and their resulting structural changes were investigated. Four polysaccharide fractions, FP20, FP40, FP60, and FP80, were obtained by graded precipitation at ethanol concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively. The results showed that polysaccharide fractions, especially FP20, FP40, and FP60, enhanced the proliferation of B. adolescentis ATCC 15703 and their effects were better than those of FP80, inulin or glucose. Moreover, acetic acid was mainly produced during fermentation. After fermentation, the molecular weight of polysaccharide fractions decreased and the tightly structural chain conformations of FP20, FP40, and FP60 changed to highly branched structures. The prebiotic effect of these polysaccharide fractions might be related to their molecular weight and chain conformation. Thus, these polysaccharides could be used as potential prebiotics.
|
['Bifidobacterium adolescentis', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fermentation', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactic Acid', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Molecular Weight', 'Polysaccharides', 'Rutaceae']
| 30,465,831
|
[['B03.510.024.100.125', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100.125'], ['D10.251'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.494'], ['D09.698'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preparation of Xenopus laevis retinal cryosections for electron microscopy.
|
Transmission electron microscopy is the gold standard for examination of photoreceptor outer segment morphology and photoreceptor outer segment abnormalities in transgenic animal models of retinal disease. Small vertebrates such as zebrafish and Xenopus laevis tadpoles have been used to generate retinal disease models and to study outer segment processes such as protein trafficking, and their breeding capabilities facilitate experiments involving large numbers of animals and conditions. However, electron microscopy processing and analysis of these very small eyes can be challenging. Here we present a methodology that facilitates processing of X. laevis tadpole eyes for electron microscopy by introducing an intermediate cryosectioning step. This method reproducibly provides a well-oriented tissue block that can be sectioned with minimal effort by a non-expert, and also allows retroactive analysis of samples collected on slides for light microscopy.
|
['Animals', 'Cryoultramicrotomy', 'Histocytological Preparation Techniques', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Retina', 'Tissue Embedding', 'Tissue Fixation', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 26,008,144
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.530.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.530.160', 'E05.200.500.620.530.160', 'E05.200.750.600.530.160'], ['E01.370.225.500.620', 'E01.370.225.750.600', 'E05.200.500.620', 'E05.200.750.600'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['A09.371.729'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Automatic craniofacial structure detection on cephalometric images.
|
Anatomical structure tracing on cephalograms is a significant way to obtain cephalometric analysis. Cephalometric analysis is divided in two categories, manual and automatic approaches. The manual approach is limited in accuracy and repeatability due to differences in inter- and intra-personal marking. In this paper, we have attempted to develop and test a novel method for automatic localization of craniofacial structures based on the detected edges in the region of interest. Before edge detection of the particular region, the region was filtered by adaptive non local filter for noise removal by keeping the edge information undisturbed. According to the gray-scale feature at the different regions of the cephalograms, modified Canny edge detection algorithm for obtaining tissue contour was proposed. With the application of morphological opening and edge linking approaches, an improved bidirectional contour tracing methodology was proposed by an interactive selection of the starting edge pixels, the tracking process searches repetitively for an edge pixel at the neighborhood of previously searched edge pixel to segment images, and then craniofacial structures are obtained. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by the preliminary experimental results obtained with the proposed method.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cephalometry', 'Databases, Factual', 'Face', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiography', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Skull']
| 21,435,982
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['A01.456.505'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lemierre's syndrome complicating pregnancy.
|
Lemierre's syndrome is an anaerobic suppurative thrombophlebitis involving the internal jugular vein secondary to oropharyngeal infection. There is only one previous case report in pregnancy which was complicated by premature delivery of an infant that suffered significant neurological damage. We present an atypical case diagnosed in the second trimester with a live birth at term. By reporting this case, we hope to increase the awareness of obstetricians to the possibility of Lemierre's syndrome when patients present with signs of unabating oropharyngeal infection and pulmonary symptoms.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Jugular Veins', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Sepsis', 'Thrombophlebitis']
| 17,710,241
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A07.015.908.498'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and dexamethasone on the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 by bovine articular chondrocytes.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the in-vitro effects of several non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the IL-1 altered expression and activity of MMP-1, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 by bovine articular chondrocytes.DESIGN: Bovine chondrocytes were cultured in alginate gel beads. Cells were treated with IL-1alpha in the presence of vehicle or drugs at various concentrations. After 48 h mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) was analysed by RT-PCR-ELISA. The protein synthesis of TIMP-1 and MMP-3 was determined by immunoprecipitation. The activity of enzymes and inhibitors was measured by functional assays.RESULTS: IL-1 increased the expression and activity of MMPs. In contrast, TIMP activity remained unchanged although TIMP-1 expression was down-regulated. All tested NSAIDs and dexamethasone inhibited collagenase activity induced by IL-1. Transcript levels of MMP-1, however, were only reduced by indomethacin, meloxicam, naproxen and dexamethasone. Proteoglycanase activity was only reduced by indomethacin, meloxicam and dexamethasone. These effects were pre-translational as confirmed by immunoprecipitation. The IL-1 decreased expression of TIMP-1 was further reduced by dexamethasone, which resulted in a significant loss of TIMP activity. No effects on TIMP activity or TIMP-1 biosynthesis were observed after treatment of chondrocytes with NSAIDs.CONCLUSION: Our studies clearly demonstrate that marked differences exist between individual NSAIDs with respect to their ability to modulate the imbalance between proteases and inhibitors during OA and RA, suggesting that the respective modes of action are independent of the inhibition of cyclooxygenases. Due to their co-regulation of MMPs and TIMP(s) glucocorticoids should be carefully studied for their overall effect on ECM proteolysis.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Collagenases', 'Dexamethasone', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Indomethacin', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 1', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Meloxicam', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Naproxen', 'Precipitin Tests', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Thiazines', 'Thiazoles', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1']
| 11,467,888
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.171'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.100', 'D12.644.276.848.100', 'D12.776.467.836.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525'], ['D02.886.665.275', 'D02.886.675.448', 'D03.383.129.708.448', 'D03.383.855.275'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.472.500', 'D04.615.638.472.450'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D02.886.665', 'D03.383.855'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['D12.776.645.875.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metal complexes derived from hydrazoneoxime ligands: V. Spectral and structural studies on diacetylmonoxime n-alkanoylhydrazones and their nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes.
|
A series of diacetylmonoxime n-alkanoylhydrazones (H₂L(n), n=4, 5, 6, 12 and 16) were prepared by the condensation of diacetylmonoxime with the corresponding n-alkanoylhydrazine in ethanol. The X-ray crystal structure of diacetylmonoxime octadecanoyl hydrazone has been solved and its molecular and supramolecular structures have been discussed. Both neutral dinuclear Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes, [{M(L(n))}₂] (M=Cu, Ni and n=4, 5, 6, 12 and 16) as well as cationic dinuclear Cu(II) complexes, [Cu₂(L(n))(HL(n))]NO₃ (n=12 and 16) have been also prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, FD- and ESI-mass spectra as well as IR, UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectra. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements for dinuclear Cu(II) complexes have been also discussed.
|
['Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Copper', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Diacetyl', 'Dimerization', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Magnetics', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nickel', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 25,022,497
|
[['E05.197', 'J01.897.836.249'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D02.522.296.400'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['H01.671.493'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Training in health education in child welfare nursing schools: a survey of teachers and students].
|
The emergence of new nurses' profile, stemming from study program of 1992, has urged nursery-nurse schools to think about their current training program. We have hold an inquiry in these schools to know how this new profile could be a factor to make easier the training in health education. We have also asked nursery-nurse teachers about the same problem in order to make suggestions just before reform of study's program of nursery-nurse certificate. This inquiry has shown that profile was polymorphic and there was some evolution in used tools of communication. Thenafter, suggestions regard the whole of training program but in priority about a procedure for a community health in order to satisfy needs of populations concerned by nursery nurse work.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Clinical Competence', 'Communication', 'Curriculum', 'Educational Technology', 'Faculty, Nursing', 'Female', 'Health Education', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Participation', 'Pediatric Nursing', 'Students, Nursing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Teaching']
| 11,142,197
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['I02.158'], ['J01.897.280'], ['M01.526.485.390', 'M01.526.702.250.473', 'N02.360.390'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['H02.478.676.631', 'N02.421.533.691'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reoperation for metalwork complications following the use of volar locking plates for distal radius fractures: a United Kingdom experience.
|
Volar locking plates are increasingly used in the management of distal radius fractures. As with any new implant, understanding the rate and type of potential metalwork related complications is important. In this study, we reviewed 114 distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plating. Our aim was to determine the type and rate of metalwork complications requiring reoperation. In our series, 12 cases (10%) underwent further surgery for metalwork related complications mainly for screw protrusion into the radiocarpal joint following fracture collapse. Our results suggest that volar locking plates are associated with a high rate of metal work related complications requiring further surgery. Technical aspects to reduce such complications are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Plates', 'Bone Screws', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fracture Healing', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Radius Fractures', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']
| 21,548,144
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C26.088.268.556', 'C26.404.562'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of smoking on failure of H. pylori therapy and gastric histology in a high gastric cancer risk area of Colombia.
|
It has been proposed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is a sound strategy for gastric cancer prevention. Several factors including smoking have been associated to treatment failure rates. This study aimed to evaluate the smoking effect on the efficacy of H. pylori therapy, as well as on the histological parameters in the gastric mucosa from subjects from a high gastric cancer risk area. Two-hundred-sixty-four Colombian subjects with gastric precancerous lesions who participated in a chemoprevention trial, received anti-H. pylori treatment at baseline and had data recorded on cigarette use, were included in this study. A detailed histopathological assessment of the gastric mucosa was performed in biopsies taken before any intervention. H. pylori eradication was assessed in gastric biopsies at 36 months post-treatment. The overall eradication rate was 52.3%; rates of 41.3% and 57.1% were observed for active-smokers and non-smokers, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smokers had a 2-fold higher probability of failure in Helicobacter pylori eradication than non-smokers (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.01-3.95). At baseline, active-smokers had a higher score of intestinal metaplasia compared to non-smokers. In the corpus mucosa, active-smokers showed lower scores of H. pylori density, total inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and mucus depletion than non-smokers. In the antrum, no significant differences were observed between active-smokers and non-smokers. In summary, in patients who smoked, H. pylori treatment was less effective. Smoking cessation may benefit H. pylori eradication rates.
|
['Amoxicillin', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Bismuth', 'Colombia', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastritis, Atrophic', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metaplasia', 'Metronidazole', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Regression Analysis', 'Salicylates', 'Smoking', 'Treatment Failure']
| 18,254,262
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D01.268.271.245', 'D01.268.556.100', 'D01.496.749.305.245', 'D01.552.544.100'], ['Z01.107.757.284'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['C06.405.205.697.394', 'C06.405.748.398.394'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.589'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['D02.691'], ['C04.834'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Global transcriptome profiling of Salicornia europaea L. shoots under NaCl treatment.
|
BACKGROUND: Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits agriculture productivity worldwide. Salicornia europaea is well adapted to extreme saline environments with more than 1,000 mM NaCl in the soil, so it could serve as an important model species for studying halophilic mechanisms in euhalophytes. To obtain insights into the molecular basis of salt tolerance, we present here the first extensive transcriptome analysis of this species using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 41 and 39 million clean reads from the salt-treated (Se200S) and salt-free (SeCKS) tissues of S. europaea shoots were obtained, and de novo assembly produced 97,865 and 101,751 unigenes, respectively. Upon further assembly with EST data from both Se200S and SeCKS, 109,712 high-quality non-redundant unigenes were generated with a mean unigene size of 639 bp. Additionally, a total of 3,979 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the Se200S and SeCKS libraries, with 348 unigenes solely expressed in Se200S and 460 unigenes solely expressed in SeCKS. Furthermore, we identified a large number of genes that are involved in ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment, including cation transporters and proteins for the synthesis of low-molecular compounds. All unigenes were functionally annotated within the COG, GO and KEGG pathways, and 10 genes were validated by qRT-PCR.CONCLUSION: Our data contains the extensive sequencing and gene-annotation analysis of S. europaea. This genetic knowledge will be very useful for future studies on the molecular adaptation to abiotic stress in euhalophytes and will facilitate the genetic manipulation of other economically important crops.
|
['Chenopodiaceae', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 23,825,526
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.200'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Picocyanobacteria containing a novel pigment gene cluster dominate the brackish water Baltic Sea.
|
Photoautotrophic picocyanobacteria harvest light via phycobilisomes (PBS) consisting of the pigments phycocyanin (PC) and phycoerythrin (PE), encoded by genes in conserved gene clusters. The presence and arrangement of these gene clusters give picocyanobacteria characteristic light absorption properties and allow the colonization of specific ecological niches. To date, a full understanding of the evolution and distribution of the PBS gene cluster in picocyanobacteria has been hampered by the scarcity of genome sequences from fresh- and brackish water-adapted strains. To remediate this, we analysed genomes assembled from metagenomic samples collected along a natural salinity gradient, and over the course of a growth season, in the Baltic Sea. We found that while PBS gene clusters in picocyanobacteria sampled in marine habitats were highly similar to known references, brackish-adapted genotypes harboured a novel type not seen in previously sequenced genomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the novel gene cluster belonged to a clade of uncultivated picocyanobacteria that dominate the brackish Baltic Sea throughout the summer season, but are uncommon in other examined aquatic ecosystems. Further, our data suggest that the PE genes were lost in the ancestor of PC-containing coastal picocyanobacteria and that multiple horizontal gene transfer events have re-introduced PE genes into brackish-adapted strains, including the novel clade discovered here.
|
['Cyanobacteria', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Multigene Family', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Phycocyanin', 'Phycoerythrin', 'Phylogeny', 'Seawater']
| 24,621,524
|
[['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['D05.500.562.488.490.500.500.755', 'D08.811.600.710.490.500.500.755', 'D12.776.765.650', 'D23.767.690'], ['D05.500.562.488.490.500.500.777', 'D08.811.600.710.490.500.500.777', 'D12.776.765.665', 'D23.767.705'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G16.500.275.725.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Cardiovascular outcomes among sildenafil users: results of the International Men's Health Study.
|
AIM: To assess the incidence of serious cardiovascular disease (CVD) events [i.e. myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke] and all-cause mortality in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who received prescriptions for sildenafil.METHODS: The International Men's Health Study (IMHS) was a prospective, observational cohort study of patients with ED and a new or existing prescription for sildenafil. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires provided information on demographics, CVD risk factors and ED. Postevent questionnaires were mailed to patients following possible nonfatal CVD events to collect information related to exposure to sildenafil/ED treatments before the event.RESULTS: Thirty-five CVD events were reported in 30 patients in the analysis set (n = 3813). The incidence of all-cause mortality, MI and stroke was 0.4, 0.6 and 0.1 per 100 patient-years of observation respectively. Among the six men who reported using sildenafil in the month before a nonfatal CVD event, two reported use in the 24 h before the event.CONCLUSION: The results of the IMHS support previous reports that ED and CVD are often comorbid and share risk factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Male', "Men's Health", 'Middle Aged', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Piperazines', 'Prospective Studies', 'Purines', 'Risk Factors', 'Sildenafil Citrate', 'Sulfones']
| 18,261,073
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.400.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['D03.383.606'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.065.884.675', 'D02.886.590.700.675', 'D03.383.606.854', 'D03.633.100.759.824'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Signature neural networks: definition and application to multidimensional sorting problems.
|
In this paper we present a self-organizing neural network paradigm that is able to discriminate information locally using a strategy for information coding and processing inspired in recent findings in living neural systems. The proposed neural network uses: 1) neural signatures to identify each unit in the network; 2) local discrimination of input information during the processing; and 3) a multicoding mechanism for information propagation regarding the who and the what of the information. The local discrimination implies a distinct processing as a function of the neural signature recognition and a local transient memory. In the context of artificial neural networks none of these mechanisms has been analyzed in detail, and our goal is to demonstrate that they can be used to efficiently solve some specific problems. To illustrate the proposed paradigm, we apply it to the problem of multidimensional sorting, which can take advantage of the local information discrimination. In particular, we compare the results of this new approach with traditional methods to solve jigsaw puzzles and we analyze the situations where the new paradigm improves the performance.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Electronic Data Processing', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Neurons', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated']
| 21,095,867
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['L01.224.085'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['L01.399.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The short extracellular domain of the T cell receptor zeta chain is involved in assembly and signal transduction.
|
The zeta chain is required in the TCR complex to guarantee its surface expression and function. However, an understanding of the interaction(s) between the zeta chain and the other proteins in the TCR/CD3 has not yet been achieved. In this report, we attempt to assign a functional role to the short extracellular (EC) domain of the zeta chain by studying its unique positive charge, a lysine at position 9, because of its interesting location to the interchain disulphide bond of the zeta chain homodimer. We show that amino acid exchanges of lysine 9 to glycine, serine, cysteine or asparagine generate TCR complexes which are clearly defective in antigenic signalling. Interestingly, the non-conservative point mutations were segregating TCR complex signalling pathways. However, lysine 9 is not critical for TCR complex surface expression unless the positively charged lysine is exchanged for the negatively charged amino acid aspartic acid. The zeta chain mutant bearing a lysine to cysteine exchange is the sole mutant to be inefficiently co-precipitated with the TCR/CD3 complex suggesting a loose interaction of the zeta chain within the TCR complex.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'CD3 Complex', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Humans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta', 'Signal Transduction', 'Surface Properties', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,464,517
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.095', 'D23.101.100.894.095'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.825'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinism, and Meniere's disease.
|
Since first reporting the association of hyperlipoproteinemia with inner ear disease in a study of 300 patients in 1973, I have continued to focus attention on the presence of lipid abnormalities in patients with inner ear dysfunction. With over 1,400 patients now identified with both abnormal lipids and inner ear symptoms, it has become increasingly apparent that most patients seen by otolaryngologists because of Meniere's disease come from that same large population group who are prone to obesity, maturity-onset diabetes, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis. These patients share the common problem of being unable to handle refined carbohydrates well. Based on the reports and studies of many authorities, a hyperinsulinism exists in these conditions. These patients are helped by replacing refined carbohydrates with complex carbohydrates having increased fiber. When these conditions can be identified in patients with Meniere's disease, dietary management has been found to be the most effective therapy.
|
['Humans', 'Hyperinsulinism', 'Hyperlipoproteinemias', 'Meniere Disease']
| 7,292,056
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.644'], ['C09.218.568.217.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship of serum haloperidol levels to clinical response in schizophrenic patients.
|
The authors treated 16 outpatients and 1 inpatient who had diagnoses of schizophrenia in exacerbation with haloperidol as the sole neuroleptic agent and obtained ratings of psychopathology and serum levels of haloperidol. Improvement in schizophrenic symptoms measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was significantly greater in patients who had mean haloperidol serum concentrations in the range of 8-18 ng/ml than in patients whose mean haloperidol serum concentration fell outside this range.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Haloperidol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology']
| 7,468,835
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Nucleotide sequence, expression and transcriptional analysis of the Bifidobacterium longum MB 219 lacZ gene.
|
The gene encoding beta-galactosidase was isolated by functional complementation of Escherichia coli from Bifidobacterium longum MB219, which exhibited the highest activity among ten Bifidobacterium strains tested of the species B. longum, B. breve, B. adolescentis, B. indicum, B. animalis and B. cuniculi. The nucleotide sequence of the 5.0-kb fragment conferring the positive beta-galactosidase phenotype to E. coli revealed the presence of a lacZ-type gene encoding a 1023-amino-acid protein that was preceded by a ribosome binding site. A sequence showing 72% identity with the proline tRNA of Bacillus subtilis and a gene probably encoding the DNA-3-methyladenine glycosydase I were located downstream from the lacZ gene, after a gap of 30-50 unsequenced base pairs. By primer-extension analysis, the transcription start site of the lacZ gene was mapped 65 nt upstream from the start codon, and it enabled identification of the -10 region of the putative promoter. The nucleotide sequence of lacZ and its deduced amino acid sequence were compared with those of beta-galactosidase genes and enzymes from other microorganisms. High similarity was demonstrated between the B. longum beta-galactosidase and its counterparts in Lactobacillus delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, E. coli, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Leuconostoc lactis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, all belonging to the LacZ family. The B. longum MB219 lacZ gene was cloned in Bifidobacterium and its expression was observed in strains with otherwise low levels of endogenous activity. The expression increased by factors of 1.5-50 and enabled those strains that do not grow on lactose to use this sugar as sole carbon source.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Bifidobacterium', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Lac Operon', 'Species Specificity', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 10,985,745
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B03.510.024.100', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Haemodynamic factors influencing myocardial ischaemia in a canine model of coronary artery stenosis: the effects of nitroglycerine.
|
At a critical degree of coronary stenosis (allowing a just adequate blood supply to the poststenotic area only at the expense of maximal hypoxic coronary vasodilatation), an additional loading of the heart induced marked local myocardial ischaemia, as indicated by appropriate biochemical, electrophysiological and haemodynamic changes. In this model myocardial oxygen demand was increased in three different ways: (i) increasing heart rate by atrial pacing; (ii) increasing afterload by aortic occlusion and (iii) increasing preload by blood infusion. These procedures were compared in their ability to produce local myocardial ischaemia and characterized by ST-segment elevation recorded from the endocardium and epicardium. Increasing afterload evoked the mildest degree of ischaemia since the resulting increase in coronary perfusion pressure and coronary flow almost met the augmented myocardial oxygen demand evoked by the elevated peripheral resistance and by the simultaneously increased preload. A rather more pronounced ischaemia was produced by increasing the preload. The most serious ischaemia of all was induced by atrial pacing. This reduced coronary flow and perfusion pressure and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Nitroglycerine transiently reduced blood pressure and coronary blood flow and increased epicardial and endocardial ST-segment elevation; the changes had disappeared 10 min after terminating the infusion. However, at this time a prolonged protective action against pacing-induced ST-segment elevation was observed. This protection was also seen after intracoronary injections of nitroglycerine. This indicated that part of the beneficial effect of nitroglycerine in ischaemia is due to direct coronary and/or myocardial actions.
|
['Animals', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Disease', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Male', 'Nitroglycerin']
| 6,418,244
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G09.330.380'], ['D02.640.636']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impediment to symbiosis establishment between giant clams and Symbiodinium algae due to sterilization of seawater.
|
To survive the juvenile stage, giant clam juveniles need to establish a symbiotic relationship with the microalgae Symbiodinium occurring in the environment. The percentage of giant clam juveniles succeeding in symbiosis establishment ("symbiosis rate") is often low, which is problematic for seed producers. We investigated how and why symbiosis rates vary, depending on whether giant clam seeds are continuously reared in UV treated or non treated seawater. Results repeatedly demonstrated that symbiosis rates were lower for UV treated seawater than for non treated seawater. Symbiosis rates were also lower for autoclaved seawater and 0.2-µm filtered seawater than for non treated seawater. The decreased symbiosis rates in various sterilized seawater suggest the possibility that some factors helping symbiosis establishment in natural seawater are weakened owing to sterilization. The possible factors include vitality of giant clam seeds, since additional experiments revealed that survival rates of seeds reared alone without Symbiodinium were lower in sterilized seawater than in non treated seawater. In conclusion, UV treatment of seawater was found to lead to decreased symbiosis rates, which is due possibly to some adverse effects common to the various sterilization techniques and relates to the vitality of the giant clam seeds.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Dinoflagellida', 'Seawater', 'Sterilization', 'Symbiosis']
| 23,613,802
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['B01.043.214'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A community-based assessment of heat-related morbidity in North Philadelphia.
|
A 6-month community-based study designed to (1) determine the perceptions and barriers affecting the overall quality of life of isolated older adults greater than 65 years of age, (2) assess their risk factors, health attitudes, and beliefs concerning their susceptibility to heat-related conditions, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of an age-specific innovative intervention program consisting of a specially marked clock-like thermometer and other creative educational materials was conducted among 34 participants during the spring and summer of 1997 in north Philadelphia. The study objectives were measured at preintervention (baseline) and at 8 weeks postintervention follow-up using a 24-item pretest/posttest self-administered questionnaire. We report the short-term benefit of our intervention, theorize that innovative strategies targeting at-risk older adults should be culturally sensitive and age-specifically appropriate, and recommend that more vigorous research methods should be implemented to lend credence to our findings.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Attitude to Health', 'Education', 'Female', 'Geriatrics', 'Health Surveys', 'Heat Stroke', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mortality', 'Philadelphia', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Assessment', 'Urban Population']
| 10,944,078
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['I02'], ['H02.403.355'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['C26.522.500'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.550.525', 'Z01.433.820'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Slit-surface electrospinning: a novel process developed for high-throughput fabrication of core-sheath fibers.
|
In this work, we report on the development of slit-surface electrospinning--a process that co-localizes two solutions along a slit surface to spontaneously emit multiple core-sheath cone-jets at rates of up to 1 L/h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that production of electrospun core-sheath fibers has been scaled to this magnitude. Fibers produced in this study were defect-free (i.e. non-beaded) and core-sheath geometry was visually confirmed under scanning electron microscopy. The versatility of our system was demonstrated by fabrication of (1) fibers encapsulating a drug, (2) bicomponent fibers, (3) hollow fibers, and (4) fibers from a polymer that is not normally electrospinnable. Additionally, we demonstrate control of the process by modulating parameters such as flow rate, solution viscosity, and fixture design. The technological achievements demonstrated in this work significantly advance core-sheath electrospinning towards commercial and manufacturing viability.
|
['Nanofibers']
| 25,938,411
|
[['J01.637.512.300']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychotropic medication and nonfatal cafe coronary.
|
Obstructive asphyxia, also known as cafe coronary, has been linked to both medicated and nonmedicated psychiatric patients. An 18-month prospective audit of choking patients was conducted in a psychiatric hospital. Based upon all medications received in the 5 days preceding the event, mean daily chlorpromazine and atropine equivalent dosages were also calculated for age, sex, and diagnosis matched controls based upon all medications received during their entire hospital stay. Paired t-tests showed no significant differences between choking patients and their matched controls except that greater mean daily chlorpromazine equivalents were present in the severe choking subgroup. Computation of log odds of choking risk increases with interaction of increased mean doses of each drug type and age, and also with interaction of increased chlorpromazine equivalents and increased atropine equivalents. Patients receiving high dosages of drug(s) with antidopaminergic or anticholinergic activity are at greater risk of choking and should be monitored closely.
|
['Age Factors', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Atropine', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Parasympatholytics', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk']
| 3,700,693
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.650'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pulmonary function in progressive systemic sclerosis. Comparison of CREST syndrome variant with diffuse scleroderma.
|
The pulmonary function and chest roentgenograms were evaluated in 88 patients with the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS or scleroderma). Seventy-two percent of the patients had abnormal pulmonary function. An isolated decrease in diffusing capacity was the most common abnormality noted, followed by restrictive abnormalities and airway obstruction. Chest roentgenograms revealed interstitial infiltrates consistent with pulmonary fibrosis in 33 percent. When compared to a contemporaneous group of 77 patients with PSS and diffuse scleroderma, patients with the CREST syndrome had similar abnormalities on pulmonary function testing and chest roentgenogram. However, patients with the CREST syndrome had a lower mean diffusing capacity despite a higher mean vital capacity; this combination of findings suggests primary pulmonary vascular disease. Calcified granulomata were identified significantly more often in PSS-CREST patients, while superior rib notching occurred exclusively in patients with PSS and diffuse scleroderma. The CREST variant of PSS is associated with frequent roentgenographic and pulmonary function abnormalities similar to those seen in PSS with diffuse scleroderma.
|
['Adult', 'Calcinosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ribs', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Syndrome']
| 6,628,005
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.232.570.500'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Presence of lipids in urinary stones: results of preliminary studies.
|
The presence of lipids in urinary stones was determined by histochemical and biochemical methods. When crystals of calcium oxalate, made by mixing calcium chloride and potassium oxalate solutions and sections of human calcium oxalate urinary stones, were exposed to osmium vapors, there was no staining of the pure crystals whereas the stone sections were stained. De-paraffinized sections of demineralized calcium oxalate stones showed positive sudanophilia on staining with Sudan black B. Both these experiments indicate the presence of lipids in calcium oxalate stones. Lipids were extracted from uric acid, struvite, and calcium oxalate stones using standard techniques. Phospholipids were separated by one-dimensional thin layer chromatography. All the stones studied contained lipids. In calcium oxalate stones they accounted for 10.15% of the matrix. Calcium oxalate and struvite stones contained more phospholipids than uric acid stones. Cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl glycerol were identified in lipid extracts. Demineralization by ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA) treatment increased lipid output from calcium oxalate stones by 15.5%.
|
['Calcium Oxalate', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Magnesium', 'Magnesium Compounds', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Phosphates', 'Phospholipids', 'Struvite', 'Uric Acid', 'Urinary Calculi']
| 3,127,030
|
[['D02.241.081.337.593.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.524'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.887', 'D01.524.775', 'D01.695.625.675.650.887'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877'], ['C12.777.967.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500', 'C23.300.175.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cryopreservation of apple using non-desiccated sections from winter-collected scions.
|
Winter vegetative buds of Malus species are cryopreserved at USDA-ARS NCGRP to backup genetic resources maintained by field collections. The method uses desiccation of nodal sections prior to cooling but is time and labor intensive, and can damage materials if excessive. Here we tested cooling sections without prior desiccation to improve the efficiency of handling. Sections were slowly cooled to -30 degrees C or -35 degrees C and transferred to the vapor phase over liquid nitrogen (LNV). Viability was assessed using a sprouting test or grafting test. Some accessions showed higher viability when cooled at 5 degrees C/day compared to 1 degrees C/h and when transferred to LNV at -35 degrees C compared to -30 degrees C. Ten of 20 species had accessions that were successfully cryopreserved using a criterion of 50% or greater sprouting. Desiccation prior to cooling was not necessary for cryopreservation of winter-collected scions from these Malus species.
|
['Cell Survival', 'Cryopreservation', 'Desiccation', 'Malus', 'Nitrogen', 'Plant Stems', 'Temperature']
| 19,827,248
|
[['G04.346'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E05.196.335', 'G02.176'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.444'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['A18.024.937'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Estrous cycle synchronization in the Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager).
|
The endangered Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager) has experienced significant population declines over the past century due to poaching, habitat destruction, and resource competition. Remaining animals in zoos and the wild are regionally isolated. Artificial insemination (AI) may be particularly useful as a means of aiding in global genetic management of these isolated populations. The first successful AI in onagers was performed in 2009 utilizing urinary hormone analyses and regular transrectal ultrasound examinations that required specialized handling devices. A method for estrous synchronization in this species would alleviate the need for daily handling and provide a more feasible approach to AI. This study tested long-acting controlled-release preparations of estradiol and progesterone, followed by a single injection of prostaglandin 10 days later, in six adult female Persian onagers to determine whether ovulation would occur within a narrow window of time. Serial transrectal ultrasound exams were performed to determine the day of ovulation following hormone treatment. Means and standard deviations were determined for the lengths of follicular and luteal phases, follicle sizes, and time to ovulation, and compared to historical data in this species. All six onagers ovulated between Days 18 and 22, with three females ovulating on Day 19, as determined by the presence of a corpus luteum. This is an apparently safe and effective method for the synchronization of estrous cycles in the Persian onager, and may be used to develop a timed AI protocol for use at institutions that do not have specialized handling facilities to enable regular transrectal ultrasound.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Zoo', 'Endangered Species', 'Equidae', 'Estrus Synchronization', 'Female', 'Insemination, Artificial', 'Ultrasonography']
| 26,849,100
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.448'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235'], ['E05.820.150.370', 'G08.686.195.500.500'], ['E02.875.800.937', 'E05.820.800.937', 'G08.686.784.363.492'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Partial immunologic reconstitution and hyperimmunoglobulinemia-E in neonatally-acquired graft-versus-host disease.
|
A three-month-old girl with congenital immune deficiency developed graft-versus-host disease following engraftment of maternal immunocompetent cells. T and B lymphocyte numbers increased and lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin normalized during the patient's hospitalization. However, these cells failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen and several specific antigens, suggesting that the expanding clone of alloreactive cells had limited immunologic potential. Serum IgE concentration rose from an undetectable level to 2,600 u/ml, indicating an immunoregulatory imbalance. HLA typing revealed that the patient's parents shared HLA antigen specificities. Finally, experimental administration of antithymocyte globulin had no beneficial effect upon the patient's clinical course or laboratory findings.
|
['B-Lymphocytes', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Graft vs Host Reaction', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Hypergammaglobulinemia', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Pokeweed Mitogens', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 6,966,144
|
[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G12.875.402'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.147.542', 'C20.683.460', 'C23.888.512'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['C20.673'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['D12.776.503.499.875', 'D12.776.765.678.875'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of hydrostatic pressure and sound amplitude on the ultrasound induced dispersion and de-agglomeration of nanoparticles.
|
In most applications, nanoparticles are required to be in a well-dispersed state prior to commercialisation. Conventional technology for dispersing particles into liquids, however, usually is not sufficient, since the nanoparticles tend to form very strong agglomerates requiring extremely high specific energy inputs in order to overcome the adhesive forces. Besides conventional systems as stirred media mills, ultrasound is one means to de-agglomerate nanoparticles in aqueous dispersions. In spite of several publications on ultrasound emulsification there is insufficient knowledge on the de-agglomeration of nanoparticulate systems in dispersions and their main parameters of influence. Aqueous suspensions of SiO2-particles were stressed up to specific energies EV of 10(4) kJ/m3 using ultrasound. Ultrasonic de-agglomeration of nanoparticles in aqueous solution is considered to be mainly a result of cavitation. Both hydrostatic pressure of the medium and the acoustic amplitude of the sound wave affect the intensity of cavitation. Furthermore, the presence of gas in the dispersion medium influences cavitation intensity and thus the effectiveness of the de-agglomeration process. In this contribution both, the influence of these parameters on the result of dispersion and the relation to the specific energy input are taken into account. For this, ultrasound experiments were carried out at different hydrostatic pressure levels (up to 10 bars) and amplitude values (64-123 microm). Depending on the optimisation target (time, energy input,...) different parameters limit the dispersion efficiency and result. All experimental results can be explained with the specific energy input that is a function of the primary input parameters of the process.
|
['Algorithms', 'Gases', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Ultrasonics']
| 17,977,777
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D01.362'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perioperative Management of a Patient with Severe Factor V Deficiency Presenting with Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Clinical Report.
|
BACKGROUND: Severe factor V deficiency is an extremely rare coagulation disorder. Patients with factor V activity <5% usually become symptomatic in early childhood.CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of an 82-year-old woman with incidentally diagnosed severe factor V deficiency, who developed a symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma, requiring burr hole craniostomy. Successful management was achieved by a multidisciplinary approach. Preoperatively, factor V activity was increased from 2% to 50% by administration of 25 mL/kg body weight of fresh frozen plasma over 30 minutes under close cardiopulmonary monitoring in the intensive care unit. Straight afterward, the patient was transferred to the operating room where surgery was performed under general anesthesia. Burr hole craniostomy could be performed without perioperative complications. In the postoperative days, there was no relevant recurrence of the subdural hematoma in the follow-up computed tomography scans under frequent control of coagulation parameters. However, despite further transfusion of fresh frozen plasma, factor V activity did not increase >16%. The patient was discharged without any neurologic deficits. In a hemostaseologic follow-up 2 months after surgery, factor V activity <1% was confirmed with evidence of a factor V inhibitor in the modified Bethesda assay. Most likely, the patient suffered from an acquired form of factor V deficiency with preformed antibodies that had been boosted by the initial treatment with fresh frozen plasma.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in this rare bleeding disorder, intracranial surgery was successfully managed because of a thoroughly planned perioperative therapeutic strategy. However, if there is time prior to surgery, a full checkup of the bleeding disorder is advisable.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Disease Management', 'Factor V Deficiency', 'Female', 'Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Perioperative Care', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,999,086
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N04.590.607'], ['C15.378.100.100.300', 'C15.378.100.141.300', 'C15.378.463.300', 'C16.320.099.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.120', 'C10.900.300.837.600.120', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450.120', 'C23.550.414.838.700.200', 'C23.550.414.913.700.200', 'C26.915.300.490.450.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nutrition and pancreatic enzyme intake in patients with cystic fibrosis with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: The etiology of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) remains unclear. Food intake and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) are often blamed for its occurrence. This study evaluates the nutrition intake and PERT of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) at a first episode of DIOS.METHODS: All patients with CF perform annually a 3-day intake diary to evaluate their caloric, protein, fat, dietary fiber, liquid, and PERT intake. Patients diagnosed with a first episode of DIOS (n = 12) retrospectively completed an intake diary of the 3 days preceding the DIOS episode supervised by an expert dietitian. RESULTS were compared with those of 1 year before and also with 36 CF controls matched for age, sex, genotype, and disease severity. All were pancreatic insufficient.RESULTS: A first DIOS episode was diagnosed in 12 patients with CF. Only the absolute median fat intake (P = .015) and pancreatic enzyme intake (P = .035) were higher at the time of the DIOS attack in comparison to the preceding year. This could result from the difference in data collection or from the recommendations to increase fat intake and concomitant enzyme intake, since this trend was also found in the control group. The significant difference disappears when enzyme intake is expressed as units of lipase/g of fat. No other significant dietary differences were found.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no indications for a potential role of nutrition factors or pancreatic enzymes in the first occurrence of DIOS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Dietary Fats', 'Eating', 'Enzyme Replacement Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Lipase', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status', 'Pancreas', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 25,288,253
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['E02.319.353.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['A03.734'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of age on red cell membrane sodium -potassium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+ ATPase) activity in healthy men.
|
Decreased cellular thermogenesis may represent a normal aspect of the aging process. Whereas Na+-K+ ATPase appears to be involved directly in body metabolism, enzyme activity on the erythrocyte membrane Na+-K+ ATPase was significantly lower in aged men. In a separate series of experiments, each with representation from the two age groups, red cell membrane Na+-K+ ATPase was also found to be decreased significantly in the aged men. Although mean values were statistically different, one of the elderly men had enzyme activity above that of the mean of the younger men. None of the younger men had enzyme activity below the mean of the older group. Red cell membrane Na+-,+ ATPase activity may be an indicator of physiological aging.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase']
| 6,294,172
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Action-dependent perceptual invariants: from ecological to sensorimotor approaches.
|
Ecological and sensorimotor theories of perception build on the notion of action-dependent invariants as the basic structures underlying perceptual capacities. In this paper we contrast the assumptions these theories make on the nature of perceptual information modulated by action. By focusing on the question, how movement specifies perceptual information, we show that ecological and sensorimotor theories endorse substantially different views about the role of action in perception. In particular we argue that ecological invariants are characterized with reference to transformations produced in the sensory array by movement: such invariants are transformation-specific but do not imply motor-specificity. In contrast, sensorimotor theories assume that perceptual invariants are intrinsically tied to specific movements. We show that this difference leads to different empirical predictions and we submit that the distinction between motor equivalence and motor-specificity needs further clarification in order to provide a more constrained account of action/perception relations.
|
['Attention', 'Awareness', 'Humans', 'Kinesthesis', 'Orientation', 'Psychological Theory', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Social Environment', 'Touch', 'Visual Perception']
| 18,226,924
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.830.816.541.504', 'G11.561.790.541.587'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.739'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exacerbated pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects of central Elabela in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
|
Elabela (ELA) is a newly discovered peptide that acts as a novel endogenous ligand of angiotensin receptor-like 1 (APJ) receptor. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of ELA-21 in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Experiments were performed in male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. ELA expression was upregulated in PVN of SHR. PVN microinjection of ELA-21 increased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma norepinephrine, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in SHR. Intravenous injection of ELA-21 significantly decreased MAP and HR in both WKY and SHR, but only induced a slight decrease in RSNA. APJ antagonist F13A in PVN abolished the effects of ELA-21 on RSNA, MAP and HR. Intravenous infusion of both ganglionic blocker hexamethonium and AVP V1a receptor antagonist SR49059 caused significant reduction in the effects of ELA-21 on RSNA, MAP and HR in SHR, while combined administration of hexamethonium and SR49059 abolished the effects of ELA-21. ELA-21 microinjection stimulated Akt and p85á subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylation in PVN, whereas PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Akt inhibitor MK-2206 almost abolished the effects of ELA-21 on RSNA, MAP, and HR. Chronic PVN infusion of ELA-21 induced sympathetic activation, hypertension, and AVP release accompanied with cardiovascular remodeling in normotensive WKY. In conclusion, ELA-21 in PVN induces exacerbated pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects in hypertensive rats via PI3K-Akt pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated that PVN microinjection of ELA-21 increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure, which can be abolished by pretreatment of APJ antagonist. This is the first demonstration that central ELA can induce hypertension. The pressor effects in PVN are mediated by both sympathetic activation and vasopressin release via PI3K-Akt pathway. Our data confirm that ELA is upregulated in the PVN of SHR and so may be involved in the pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects in hypertension.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Arterial Pressure', 'Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Heart Rate', 'Hypertension', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Norepinephrine', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Peptide Hormones', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 31,834,836
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['G09.330.380.076.347'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100.100.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.500.200.100.100', 'D12.776.476.162.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['D06.472.699', 'D12.644.548'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prophylactic ureteric catheters in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of ureteric catheter placement in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and to assess the morbidity related to this procedure.METHODS: Between 1994 and 2001, 313 elective laparoscopic colorectal surgeries were performed. Patients with and without ureteric catheters were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS: Catheter placement was attempted in 149 patients (catheter group) and was not attempted in 164 (controls). There were no significant differences between groups in the number of patients with prior colorectal resection (p=0.286) or other abdominal surgery (p=0.074). Crohn's disease and diverticulitis were more common in the catheter group than among controls (p<0.001). Concomitant intra-abdominal fistula or abscess was present in 29 patients (19.5%) in the catheter group vs. 14 (8.5%) in the control group (p=0.005). The duration of surgery was longer in the catheter group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in conversion, duration of bladder catheter placement, or length of hospital stay. Urinary tract infection occurred in 3 patients (2.0%) in the catheter group and 7 (4.3%) in the control group (p=0.257) and urinary retention occurred in 3 patients (2.0%) and 11 patients (6.7%), respectively (p=0.045). No intraoperative ureteric injuries occurred in either group.CONCLUSION: Ureteric catheter placement was successful in most cases and was not associated with intraoperative injuries. The increased length of surgery in patients with ureteric catheter placement may attest to the increased severity of pathology in these patients.
|
['Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Colorectal Surgery', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ureter', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 18,512,012
|
[['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['H02.403.810.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A05.810.776'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The inophyllums, novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase isolated from the Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.
|
As part of a search for novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the acetone extract of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica, was shown to be active. Fractionation of the extract yielded inophyllums A, B, C, and E and calophyllolide (1a, 2a, 3a, 3b, and 6), previously isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn., a known source of nutrition for A. fulica. From a methanol/methylene chloride extract of C. inophyllum, the same natural products in considerably greater yield were isolated in addition to a novel enantiomer of soulattrolide (4), inophyllum P (2b), and two other novel compounds, inophyllums G-1 (7) and G-2 (8). The absolute stereochemistry of inophyllum A (1a) was determined to be 10(R), 11(S), 12(S) from a single-crystal X-ray analysis of its 4-bromobenzoate derivative, and the relative stereochemistries of the other inophyllums isolated from C. inophyllum were established by a comparison of their 1H NMR NOE values and coupling constants to those of inophyllum A (1a). Inophyllums B and P (2a and 2b) inhibited HIV reverse transcriptase with IC50 values of 38 and 130 nM, respectively, and both were active against HIV-1 in cell culture (IC50 of 1.4 and 1.6 microM). Closely related inophyllums A, C, D, and E, including calophyllic acids, were significantly less active or totally inactive, indicating certain structural requirements in the chromanol ring. Altogether, 11 compounds of the inophyllum class were isolated from C. inophyllum and are described together with the SAR of these novel anti-HIV compounds.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'Chromans', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'HIV Reverse Transcriptase', 'HIV-1', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Snails', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Trees']
| 7,506,311
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.240', 'D03.633.100.150.240'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750.187', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750.187'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel Medical Achievement Self-efficacy Scale (MASS): a valid and reliable tool.
|
In search for an instrument to measure overall curriculum impact, we developed a Medical Achievement Self-efficacy Scale (MASS) and presented it to medical students enrolled in the different years of the integrated Ghent curriculum. The research aim was to study the validity and reliability of this new scale. MASS items were constructed based on the end terms of the Ghent curriculum, as it is related to the general competency frameworks of CanMEDs and the Five-star Doctor. The scale includes at least two items for each CanMEDS competency domain. Items were examined by seven experts in view of content and face validity. This resulted in an MASS version, containing 18 items, to be rated on a five-point Likert scale. This version was piloted on 94 undergraduate medical students enrolled at the Catholic University of Leuven. The final version was presented to 1066 undergraduate medical students enrolled at Ghent University. Reliability of the MASS scale was high (á=0.89). As expected, self-efficacy scores increased significantly over the years (F=39.11, p<0.001). In view of determining predictive validity, regression analysis was carried out to predict students' academic achievement from self-efficacy scores. As expected, MASS scores significantly predicted Maastricht Progress Test scores (F=108.18, p<0.001).
|
['Achievement', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Pilot Projects', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Self Efficacy']
| 23,701,248
|
[['F01.658.059', 'F02.784.629.054'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.399'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.752.747.792.700']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Does multiple-dose charcoal therapy enhance salicylate excretion?
|
Multiple-dose charcoal therapy has been shown to increase the excretion of some drugs. This study assesses the effects of this intervention on salicylate excretion in the postabsorptive phase. Ten human volunteers participated in this randomized, controlled, crossover, two-limbed protocol. On two occasions each volunteer ingested 2880 mg of aspirin. During the experimental limb, 25 g of activated charcoal was ingested at 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after drug ingestion. Pharmacokinetic data were derived from serial serum salicylate concentrations, and urinary salicylate excretion was quantified. Treatment effects were 9% and 18%, respectively. Although both are significant, they are clinically modest, making multiple-dose charcoal therapy of questionable value for acute salicylate poisoning. Controlled data demonstrating the clinical efficacy of this therapy are required to validate it as an intervention for this condition.
|
['Adult', 'Aspirin', 'Charcoal', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Reference Values']
| 2,191,636
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mannitol and renal dysfunction after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair procedures: a randomized trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) may result in deterioration of renal function. Mannitol has renovascular and antioxidant properties that could prove beneficial in this respect.DESIGN: A randomized prospective study.SETTING: Attikon University Hospital, single institution.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six patients undergoing elective EVAR under regional anesthesia.METHODS: Patients received hydration alone (controls) or hydration plus mannitol (0.5 g/kg).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Creatinine, serum cystatin-C, urine neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), albuminuria and serum urea were measured 24 hours and 72 hours after the procedure (baseline NGAL was measured in 19 randomly selected patients). Serum creatinine also was measured at the followup of the patients. Serum creatinine and cystatin-C were lower in the mannitol group at 24 hours postoperatively (creatinine, mannitol [n=43]; 1.07±0.26 [CI95%: 0.99-1.15] v controls [n=43]; 1.20±0.30 [CI95%: 1.11-1.30]), but not at 72 hours (creatinine, mannitol [n=43]; 1.13±0.29 [CI95%: 1.04-1.22] v controls [n=43]; 1.26±0.41 [CI95% 1.15-1.38]). Urine NGAL increased substantially at 24 hours without differences between groups. At followup (controls: 13±7 months; mannitol: 12±7 months), there were no differences between creatinine or creatinine clearance (creatinine: controls [n=28]; 1.15±0.39 [CI95% 1.02-1.29] v mannitol [n=23]; 1.05±0.27 [CI95%: 0.95-1.17]). The overall changes of creatinine and creatinine clearance with time were significant in controls but not in the mannitol group. The classification according to the RIFLE criteria yielded 4 patients at risk for renal injury and 2 with renal injury in the control group and 6 patients at risk with no patients with injury in the mannitol group, but the difference of renal dysfunction between the 2 groups was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Mannitol plus hydration during EVAR provides a small but significant benefit for renal function. Future preventive protocols aiming at greater restoration of renal function after EVAR could include mannitol as a useful component.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Creatinine', 'Cystatin C', 'Diuretics, Osmotic', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Male', 'Mannitol', 'Postoperative Care', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,332,919
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E07.695.110'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['D12.776.215.300'], ['D27.505.696.560.500.453'], ['E04.249'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of a high-throughput assay for human proprotein convertase 5/6 for detecting uterine receptivity.
|
Embryo implantation requires a healthy embryo and a receptive uterus. In women, the inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium, remains in a hostile state and becomes receptive for embryo implantation for only a short period during each menstrual cycle. Determining endometrial receptivity is vital in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment because the timing of embryo transfer needs to be synchronized with endometrial receptivity. We have previously demonstrated that proprotein convertase 5/6A (PC6) is highly expressed in the receptive endometrium and that PC6 is critical for receptivity establishment in women. Furthermore, endometrial PC6 is secreted into the uterine fluid, and levels correlate with receptivity status. Detection of PC6 in uterine fluids, therefore, would provide a nonsurgical assessment of endometrial receptivity. However, to date no assays are available for human PC6. In this study, we produced three PC6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PC6 detection in human uterine fluids. The PC6 mAbs were confirmed to be highly specific to PC6, and the ELISA detected PC6 in human uterine fluids with a significantly higher level during the receptive phase. This newly established PC6 ELISA provides an important tool in the development of noninvasive strategies to detect endometrial receptivity in women.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Endometrium', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Proprotein Convertase 5']
| 25,554,488
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.648', 'D08.811.277.656.837.625', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.648']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood: ultrasound and CT diagnosis.
|
Four cases of diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) in young children are presented. In three patients the clinical picture was one of weight loss, anaemia and neutrophilia with a large renal mass. The fourth presented with haematuria. Ultrasound (US) and CT findings were almost identical in all four patients. US showed the affected kidney was massively enlarged but retained a reniform shape. Dilated fluid spaces containing calculi were present. CT confirmed the US findings and revealed peripheral enhancement without contrast excretion, with dilated calyceal spaces producing the "bear paw sign". Extrarenal extension into abdominal wall and psoas muscle is typical and was well demonstrated by CT. The affected kidneys were non-functioning and nephrectomy was required. Typical US and CT features allow a confident diagnosis of XPN and appropriate early treatment.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 7,936,802
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C12.777.419.570.643.790.810', 'C12.777.419.570.821.717.810', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643.790.810', 'C13.351.968.419.570.821.717.810'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression of human anti-HBsAg-interferon fusion protein in CHO cells].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the possibility of expressing human anti-HBsAg-interferon fusion protein in CHO cells as a putative targeting drug for hepatitis B.METHODS: Both the heavy and light chain genes of human anti-HBsAg antibody derived from a phage display library were fused with alpha-2b interferon (IFN-alpha-2b) gene in vitro by polymerase chain reaction. The IFN alpha-2b gene was placed at the C terminal and a 15 amino acid linker was introduced at the fusion site. The light chain-IFN expression plasmid pLIC was constructed with a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) and the heavy chain-IFN expression plasmid pFID was constructed with another mammalian expression vector pCdhfr1. These plasmids and the anti-HBsAg full-length light and heavy chain expression plasmids (pLIC and pHFD, respectively) were transfected into CHO (dhfr-) cells by the following three combinations:I, pLIC + pHFD;II, pLIC + pFID; III, pLFC + pFID. The cultured supernatant of the transfected cells was collected and assayed for IFN activity and HBsAg affinity.RESULTS: The supernatant of combination I and II displayed IFN activity but only combination I supernatant exhibited HBsAg affinity.CONCLUSIONS: The successful expression of a fusion protein with both HBsAg affinity and interferon activity may lead to a new way to make a targeting drug for hepatitis B.
|
['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Humans', 'Interferons', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 11,350,695
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.504'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of myo-inositol in human cerebrospinal fluid.
|
The concentration of free myo-inositol in CSF was determined with a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using deuterated myo-inositol as an internal standard after conversion to the hexa-O-acetyl derivative with acetic anhydride and pyridine. Twenty microliters of CSF is sufficient for the analysis which has a coefficient of variation of 9%. Identical analytical results were obtained on two different mass numbers. Schizophrenic patients were compared with healthy control persons. In addition, patients with rheumatoid arthritis or with neurological illnesses were studied. No consistent differences related to the illness could be found. The mean concentration of myo-inositol was about 25 micrograms/ml. Treatment of schizophrenic patients with chlorpromazine or sulpiride had no significant effect on the concentration of myo-inositol in CSF.
|
['Adult', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Inositol', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Schizophrenia', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage', 'Sulpiride']
| 4,009,166
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.800.519', 'D09.853.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10'], ['F03.700.750'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850'], ['D02.065.277.866', 'D02.241.223.100.100.866', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.866']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Breast diseases (fibroadenomas, mastopathies, breast cancers) in hormonal contraception].
|
282 female patients with histologically confirmed fibroadenomas (71), mastopathies (187) and breast carcinomas (24) were questioned for hormonal contraception. 144 women had taken oral steroid contraceptive pills, 138 denied such treatment. Statistically significant differences could not be observed in the occurrence of the breast diseases studied. Under hormonal contraception, fibroadenomas were found in 28% (without contraception in 22%), simple mastopathies in 41% (without in 40%), proliferative mastopathies in 22% (without in 30%) and mammary carcinomas in 9% (without in 8%) of the corresponding cases. The histological finding of a so-called apocrine metaplasia was found in all the diseases (except carcinomas) more frequent in the contraceptive group. Histometrically, the breast parenchyma showed a changing lobular hyperplasia under hormonal contraception in all the disease groups studied. An influence of questioned gynecological risk factors for a breast carcinoma was not striking in the women with and without hormonal contraception.
|
['Adult', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Female', 'Fibrocystic Breast Disease', 'Fibroma', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']
| 3,239,299
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['C17.800.090.750'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A normal rate of cellular cholesterol removal can be mediated by plasma from a patient with familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency.
|
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the major enzyme involved in the esterification of cholesterol in circulating plasma lipoproteins. In the present study, we describe the molecular defects in the LCAT gene and in lipoprotein metabolism of a 34-year-old patient presenting with features of classic familial LCAT deficiency. DNA sequencing revealed two separate point mutations in exon 3 of the patient's LCAT gene: a C to A substitution converting Tyr(83) to a Stop and a C to T transition converting an Arg(99) to a Cys. Digestion of patient PCR-amplified DNA with the restriction enzymes AccI and AciI established that the patient was a compound heterozygote for both mutations. In vitro expression of LCAT (Arg(99)-->Cys) in human embryonic kidney-293 cells demonstrated reduced expression, as well as reduced secretion and/or increased intracellular degradation of the mutant enzyme with significantly decreased alpha-LCAT specific activity, thus, establishing the functional significance of the LCAT (Arg(99)-->Cys) mutation. The plasma cholesterol esterification rate (CER, 2+/-0.3 nmol/ml/h), alpha-LCAT activity (2.9+/-0.1 nmol/ml/h) and LCAT concentration (0.3+/-0.1 microg/ml) were 2.9%, 2.3% and 6.1% that of normal subjects, respectively. Analysis of the patient's plasma lipid profile revealed reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (111+/-0.5 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (1.6+/-0.2 mg/dl), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I (52+/-4 mg/dl) and apo A-II (11+/-0.5 mg/dl). Nevertheless, for the first time, we demonstrate that the LCAT-deficient plasma is as efficient as control plasma in cholesterol efflux experiments performed with [(3)H]-cholesterol loaded fibroblasts. This result could explain the absence of premature atherosclerosis in this LCAT-deficient patient.
|
['Adult', 'Apolipoproteins', 'Arginine', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholesterol', 'Cystine', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Phenotype', 'Point Mutation', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 11,718,688
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D10.532.091', 'D12.776.070.400', 'D12.776.521.120'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390.369', 'D01.875.350.850.150.369', 'D02.886.030.230.369', 'D02.886.520.150.087', 'D12.125.095.369', 'D12.125.119.369', 'D12.125.166.230.369'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C16.320.565.398.500.330.500', 'C18.452.584.500.875.330.500', 'C18.452.648.398.500.330.500'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The quality of obstetric care in family practice: are family physicians as safe as obstetricians?
|
A literature review on the quality of obstetric care in family practice was conducted to determine whether family physicians are as competent in providing obstetric care as obstetricians. Three types of studies were reviewed: case series, historical cohorts, and population-based studies. No conclusion on the quality of obstetric care in family practice can be drawn from the available studies because of research design limitations. Available evidence suggests, however, that family physicians are as safe as obstetricians when delivering babies, particularly when they concentrate their efforts on providing personal prenatal care, refer high-risk pregnant women appropriately, and practice less technologically oriented care on women who deliver normal-weight babies. In addition, no evidence emerged that family physicians provided significantly poorer obstetric care than obstetricians. In fact, the results from population-based studies suggest that family physicians may be safer than obstetricians in delivering normal-weight infants because of their hypothesized less use of technological interventions in that low-risk group of patients. Further studies, especially prospective randomized trials in which the outcomes are assessed in a blinded fashion and case mix is rigorously controlled, are needed to provide a definitive answer. As practical, ethical, and economic constraints are likely to preclude such studies, the case-control design may provide a reasonable alternative.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'New Zealand', 'Obstetrics', 'Ontario', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Research Design', 'United Kingdom', 'United States']
| 3,806,027
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['H02.403.810.450'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High complete remission rate and durable remissions achieved with rational use of autologous stem-cell transplantation, thalidomide maintenance, and non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.
|
Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has emerged as the standard approach in patients with multiple myeloma, although it is unlikely to achieve cure. Thalidomide maintenance and non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation (NST) may increase complete remission (CR) rate and increase overall survival. In this study, 35 ASCT and 10 NST were performed in 33 patients. Patients, who were resistant or relapsed following ASCT, underwent NST if they had an HLA-matched sibling, otherwise treated with a second ASCT. Thalidomide was started as maintenance after ASCT. After first transplantation, three patients underwent second ASCT and 10 patients underwent NST. Following first transplantation, CR rate was 39% and increased to 60% (overall response 93%) with addition of thalidomide, bortezomib, and second transplantation. CR was durable in 14 (42%) patients. During a median follow-up of 24 months, 18 patients progressed and nine patients died. The 100-d transplant-related mortality was <5%. The four-yr progression-free survival (PFS) was 52.4%. In conclusion, ASCT followed by thalidomide and NST in resistant patients can lead to high CR and PFS rates. As a second transplantation has not been performed routinely, patients having durable CR had a chance to avoid or delay a second transplantation without compromising disease control.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Pyrazines', 'Remission Induction', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Survival Rate', 'Thalidomide', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,447,186
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['D01.029.260.110.500', 'D01.132.285.500', 'D02.203.200.500', 'D03.383.679.450'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D03.383.679'], ['E02.860'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D02.241.223.805.810.800', 'D03.383.621.808.800', 'D03.633.100.513.750.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 activities by the combined action of celecoxib and decosahexaenoic acid: novel strategies for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
|
To develop efficient synergistic or additive combinations of chemopreventive and nutritional agents to reduce the risk of colon cancer, experiments were designed to test the application of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor together with dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as decosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Thus, individual application of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, DHA, a omega-3 PUFA, and combinations of both were tested for their effectiveness using cell proliferation, apoptosis, and COX-2 expression as markers in the human colon cancer HCA-7 cell line. HCA-7 cells exposed to various subtoxic doses of celecoxib, DHA, or combinations of both were analyzed for inhibition of cell proliferation by trypan blue exclusion and proliferating cell nuclear antigen methods, induction of apoptosis by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole method, and COX-2 by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, we examined the inhibitory potential of celecoxib and DHA on (14)C-arachidonic acid metabolism mediated by COX-2 in the HCA-7 cell line. We found that treatment with celecoxib (50-150 micro M) or DHA (150-225 micro M) individually induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation only at high concentrations in HCA-7 cell lines. A synergistic effect was observed on induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation when cells were exposed to low doses of celecoxib (50-100 micro M) together with DHA (75 micro M). At high concentrations, celecoxib and DHA blocked the increase in COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in HCA-7 cells. Importantly, the inhibition of COX-2 expression was more pronounced in cells treated with low-dose combinations than with individual agents at high concentrations. In addition, celecoxib and DHA at low-dose levels inhibited (14)C-arachidonic acid metabolism (50-85%, P < 0.0001) leading to very low levels of type 2 series prostaglandin formation. These findings provide the basis for the development of combinations of low-dose regimens of a COX-2 inhibitor and omega-3 PUFAs such as DHA for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. We are currently testing this concept in preclinical models.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Celecoxib', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Pyrazoles', 'Sulfonamides']
| 14,985,462
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.065.884.247', 'D02.886.590.700.247', 'D03.383.129.539.160'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biophysical characterization of the influence of salt on tetrameric SecB.
|
SecB is a tetrameric chaperone, with a monomeric molecular mass of 17 kDa, that is involved in protein translocation in Escherichia coli. It has been hypothesized that SecB undergoes a conformational change as a function of the salt concentration. To gain more insight into the salt-dependent behavior of SecB, we studied the protein in solution by dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small angle neutron scattering. The results clearly demonstrate the large influence of the salt concentration on the behavior of SecB. At high salt concentration, SecB is a non-spherical protein with a radius of gyration of 3.4 nm. At low salt concentration the hydrodynamic radius of the protein is apparently decreased, whereas the ratio of the frictional coefficients is increased. The protein solution behaves in a non-ideal way at low salt concentrations, as was shown by the analytical ultracentrifugation data and a pronounced interparticle effect observed by small angle neutron scattering. A possible explanation is a change in surface charge distribution dependent on the salt concentration in the solvent. We summarize our data in a model for the salt-dependent conformation of tetrameric SecB.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Light', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Weight', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Salts', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Ultracentrifugation']
| 11,423,428
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.494'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['D01.786'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Organization of excitatory and inhibitory local networks in the caudal nucleus of tractus solitarius of rats revealed in in vitro slice preparation.
|
Morphological and physiological properties of neurons in the caudal nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS) of rats were studied in vitro by whole-cell recording and intracellular staining with biocytin. Synaptic responses following the solitary tract stimulation were also investigated to elucidate anatomical substrates of the underlying local circuits. Biocytin-filled NTS cells were divided into three groups according to the pattern of their axonal arborization: (1) local circuit neurons whose axon collaterals were extensively distributed within the NTS with the main axons leaving the NTS; (2) presumed interneurons whose axon collaterals seemed to be restricted within the NTS; and (3) projection neurons whose axons had few, if any, collaterals. Both local circuit neurons and presumed interneurons had small cell bodies (< 150 microns2 in somal area) and exhibited tonic regular spiking at depolarized membrane potentials. Polysynaptic excitatory background activity was increased and lasted for 300-1000 msec in these neurons following solitary tract stimulation. The projection neurons had medium to large cell bodies (> 150 microns2 in somal area). Inhibitory postsynaptic responses produced by an increased CI-conductance were recorded in these projection neurons. These findings suggest that excitatory local networks are organized by an assembly of the local circuit neurons in the caudal NTS, and that the interneurons are arranged to connect the excitatory local network with medium to large projection neurons via inhibitory synapses. Visceral afferent information is probably processed in the highly organized excitatory and inhibitory local networks within the caudal NTS and conveyed to other brain regions.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Central Nervous System', 'Electric Stimulation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Nerve Net', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Peripheral Nervous System', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Solitary Nucleus', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 8,889,930
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A08.186'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.511'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['A08.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.750'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors Influencing California Dental Hygienists' Involvement in School-Based Oral Health Programs.
|
PURPOSE: To assess the influence of community oral health experiences during entry-level dental hygiene education on participation in community oral health events after graduation and the facilitators and barriers experienced by dental hygienists in participating in these programs.METHODS: A 27-item survey, consisting of items related to community oral health experiences during and after entry-level education, was distributed by the California Dental Hygienists' Association to all dental hygienists whose email addresses were in their database. Frequencies of participants' responses to each survey item were calculated. Chi-square analysis was performed to identify significant relationships among variables.RESULTS: Response rate was 8%, with 513 out of the 6,248 contacted having responded. Additionally, 95% of the respondents had participated, as entry-level students, in community oral health experiences such as school-based oral health educational programs. Respondents agreed that participation in these programs was valuable to their professional development and encouraged them to participate after graduation; both these variables were related (p<0.01) to their participation in community experiences as a licensed dental hygienist. Most (75%) respondents reported participation in community events after graduation. The most commonly reported facilitators, encouraging participation, were an interest in helping people (89%) and professional development (59%). Barriers included conflict with work (61%), family time commitment (52%), and no knowledge of existing programs (24%).CONCLUSION: Dental hygienists' involvement in school-based oral health programs is enhanced by their community experiences as a dental hygiene student. Barriers and facilitators need to be addressed to increase the number of programs and participants so that more children can benefit.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'California', 'Dental Hygienists', 'Education, Dental', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Health Education, Dental', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oral Health', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Schools, Dental', 'Students, Dental', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 27,551,144
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.526.485.067.105.376', 'N02.360.067.105.376'], ['I02.358.274'], ['N01.824.196'], ['I02.233.332.374', 'N02.421.726.407.457', 'N06.890.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.400.535'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I02.783.495.481'], ['M01.848.769.519'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in the Thai adult population: Thai SEEK study.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous reports of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in Thailand varied from 4.3% to 13.8%. However, there were methodological concerns with these reports in terms of generalization and the accuracy of estimation. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine CKD prevalence and its risk factors in Thai adult populations.METHODS: The population-based Thai Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease (SEEK) study was conducted with cross-sectional stratified-cluster sampling. Serum creatinine was analysed using the modified Jaffe method and then standardized with isotope dilution mass spectrometry.RESULTS: The study included 3,459 subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 45.2 years (SE = 0.8), and 54.5% were female. Six hundred and twenty-six subjects were identified as having CKD, which evidenced an overall CKD prevalence of 17.5% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 14.6-20.4%]. The CKD prevalence of Stages I, II, III and IV were 3.3% (95% CI = 2.5%, 4.1%), 5.6% (95% CI = 4.2%, 7.0%), 7.5% (95% CI = 6.2%, 8.8%) and 1.1% (95% CI = 0.7%, 1.5%), respectively. The prevalence of CKD was higher in Bangkok, the Northern and Northeastern regions than in the Central and Southern regions. Seven factors (i.e. age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricaemia, history of kidney stones and the use of traditional medicines) were associated with CKD. Only 1.9% of the subjects were aware that they had CKD.CONCLUSIONS: CKD prevalence in the Thai population is much higher than previously known and published. Early stages of CKD seem to be as common as later stages. However, albuminuria measurement was not confirmed and adjusting for persistent positive rates resulted in the prevalence of 14.4%. Furthermore, the awareness of CKD was quite low in the Thai population.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Chronic Disease', 'Creatinine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Thailand']
| 20,037,182
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Stronger responses to darks along the ventral pathway of the cat visual cortex.
|
Light increments (brights) and decrements (darks) are differently processed throughout the early visual system. It is well known that a bias towards faster and stronger responses to darks is present in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex. In humans, psychophysical and neurophysiological data indicate that darks are better detected than brights, suggesting that the dark bias found in early visual areas is transmitted across the cortical hierarchy. Here, we tested this assumption by investigating the spatiotemporal features of responses to brights and darks in area 21a, a gateway area of the cat ventral stream, using reverse correlation analysis of a sparse noise stimulus. The receptive field of most 21a neurons exhibited larger dark subfields. Additionally, the amplitude of the responses to darks was considerably greater than those evoked by brights. In the temporal domain, no differences were found between the response peak latency. Thus, the present study supports the notion that bright/dark asymmetries are transmitted throughout the cortical hierarchy and further, that the luminance processing varies as a function of the position in the cortical hierarchy, dark preference being strongly enhanced (in the spatial domain and response amplitude) along the ventral pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Pathways', 'Visual Perception']
| 30,549,336
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E05.723.729'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['A08.612.220.860'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phospholipid scramblase 1 expression is enhanced in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: Thrombus formation is the key event of vascular manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Phosphatidylserine (PS) is normally sequestered in the inner leaflet of cell membranes. Externalization of PS occurs during cell activation and is essential for promoting blood coagulation and for the binding of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) to cells. One of the molecules involved in PS externalization is phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1). We evaluated PLSCR1 expression on monocytes from APS patients and analyzed the in vitro effect of monoclonal aPL on PLSCR1 expression.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients with APS were investigated. In vitro experiments were performed in monocyte cell lines incubated with monoclonal aPL. PLSCR1 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. PS exposure on CD14(+) cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Levels of full-length PLSCR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) were significantly increased in APS patients compared with healthy controls (2.4 ± 1.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4, respectively, p < 0.001). In cultured monocytes, interferon alpha enhanced tissue-factor expression mediated by â2-glycoprotein-I-dependent monoclonal anticardiolipin antibody.CONCLUSIONS: Monocytes in APS patients had increased PLSCR1 mRNA expression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Anticardiolipin', 'Antibodies, Antiphospholipid', 'Antiphospholipid Syndrome', 'Cell Line', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Lipopolysaccharide Receptors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Phospholipid Transfer Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Thrombosis']
| 22,526,829
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210.100', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210.100', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210'], ['C20.111.197'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.100', 'D12.776.543.484.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.418.100', 'D12.776.543.750.705.045', 'D23.050.301.264.900.045', 'D23.101.100.900.045'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['D12.776.157.674', 'D12.776.543.693'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gene expression profile reveals deregulation of genes with relevant functions in the different subclasses of acute myeloid leukemia.
|
Bone marrow samples from 43 adult patients with de novo diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML)--10 acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL) with t(15;17), four AML with inv(16), seven monocytic leukemias and 22 nonmonocytic leukemias--were analyzed using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Hierarchical clustering analysis segregated APL, AML with inv(16), monocytic leukemias and the remaining AML into separate groups. A set of only 21 genes was able to assign AML to one of these three classes: APL, inv(16) and other AML subtype without a specific translocation. Quantitative RT-PCR performed for 18 out of these predictor genes confirmed microarray results. APL expressed high levels of FGF13 and FGFR1 as well as two potent angiogenic factors, HGF and VEGF. AML with inv(16) showed an upregulation of MYH11 and a downregulation of a gene encoding a core-binding factor protein, RUNX3. Genes involved in cell adhesion represented the most altered functional category in monocytic leukemias. Two major groups emerged from the remaining 22 AML: cluster A with 10 samples and cluster B with 12. All the eight leukemias that were either refractory to treatment or that relapsed afterwards were assigned to cluster B. In the latter cluster, CD34 upregulation and serine proteases downregulation is consistent with a maturation arrest and lack of granulocytic differentiation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phylogeny', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 15,674,361
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.484'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of specific fatty acid acylation of phospholipase A2 on its interfacial binding and catalysis.
|
Monomeric phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (App-D49) was treated with 3-acyloxy-4-nitrobenzoic acids to acylate the epsilon-amino groups of two lysines (Lys-7 and Lys-10) in the amino terminal region. Resulting 7,10-diacylated-App-D49s, with acyl groups ranging from lauroyl to palmitoyl, spontaneously aggregated in solution. By contrast, 7,10-dioctanoyl-App-D49 existed as a monomer under the same condition. Kinetic and interfacial binding properties of diacylated enzymes indicated that they catalyzed the hydrolysis at the interface as a monomer. When compared to nonacylated App-D49, diacylated enzymes showed slightly increased activity or decreased activity toward monodispersed 1,2-dibutyryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Triton X-100/1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine mixed micelles, and small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). Toward densely-packed liquid-crystalline phospholipid bilayers, such as large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of POPC, however, diacylated enzymes exhibited a large increase in activity, which reacted up to 250-fold for 7,10-dilauroyl-App-D49 ((kcat/Km)app = (1.0 +/- 0.02) x 10(6) M-1 s-1). Measurements of the penetration of individual diacylated enzymes into 2-oleoyl-3-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine (i.e., D-POPC) monolayers indicated that the acyl groups enhanced the interfacial binding of protein by interacting with hydrocarbon moieties of phospholipids and that these hydrophobic interactions remained effective even when the phospholipid packing density was high. Furthermore, fluorometric measurements of the binding of diacylated enzymes to polymerized vesicles of 1,2-bis[12-(lipoyloxy)dodecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine showed that the hydrophobic interactions increased the enzymatic activity toward LUV by accelerating the migration of enzyme molecules to vesicle surfaces. The analysis of the kinetic course of POPC LUV hydrolysis showed that diacylated enzymes as a catalyst were superior to nonacylated App-D49 in that they were not only more catalytically efficient but also able to catalyze more turnovers without being trapped in product-containing vesicles. In summary, the acylation of App-D49 by 3-acyloxy-4-nitrobenzoic acids provides a simple and convenient way of converting the enzyme into a highly active form toward densely-packed liquid-crystalline phospholipid bilayers, which might have potential industrial and biomedical applications.
|
['Acylation', 'Agkistrodon', 'Animals', 'Catalysis', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fatty Acids', 'Liposomes', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Surface Properties', 'Thermodynamics']
| 7,918,373
|
[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.937.240.250'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.130'], ['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D10.251'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Volatile anesthetics and NMDA receptors. Enflurane inhibition of glutamate-stimulated [3H]MK-801 binding and reversal by glycine.
|
The influence of enflurane, a volatile general anesthetic, on [3H]MK-801 binding to a site in the ion channel of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was determined in membranes from rat cerebral cortex. Enflurane disrupted glutamate stimulation of [3H]MK-801 (1 nM) binding with an IC50 of 0.4 mM. This inhibition was associated with a decrease in receptor affinity with no change in the number of [3H]MK-801 binding sites. Basal [3H]MK-801 binding measured in the absence of glutamate was not affected by enflurane. In contrast, [3H]CGS-19775 binding to the glutamate recognition site on the NMDA receptor was only weakly inhibited by enflurane (e.g., less than 20% inhibition of 5 nM [3H]CGS binding by 1.2 mM enflurane). Glycine, a positive allosteric NMDA receptor modulator, markedly attenuated the inhibition of glutamate-stimulated [3H]MK-801 binding by enflurane, with an EC50 of approximately 0.8 microM. Thus, enflurane selectively inhibits glutamate activation of the NMDA receptors, and an allosteric modulator attenuates this action. These effects could reflect anesthetic action at the glycine binding site or at another, undefined site which influences activation of the ion channel. These findings raise the possibility that inhibition of transmission at NMDA receptors contributes to the development of the anesthetic state.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Dizocilpine Maleate', 'Enflurane', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Glycine', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate']
| 1,686,307
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.380', 'D04.615.181.384.380'], ['D02.355.601.400'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D12.125.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of cisapride on lower esophageal sphincter pressure and gastroduodenal motor activity in man].
|
Manometric study was performed to investigate the effects of cisapride, a new non-antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetic compound, on interdigestive lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and gastroduodenal motility using infused catheter technique. The subjects consisted of 9 healthy volunteers and 29 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (19), reflux esophagitis (8) and others (2). 4 mg of cisapride was given by bolus injection, continuous infusion or oral administration. The following results were obtained: Intravenous and oral cisapride increased LESP compared with basal pressure. Especially, bolus injection of cisapride caused a significant elevation of LESP during 30 minutes after administration. After administration of cisapride, gastroduodenal motility was accelerated gradually, then inducing IMC-like contractions. By bolus injection, IMC-like contractions were induced in healthy subjects more frequently than in patients group. On the other hand, motility index of stomach and duodenum showed persistent increase in patients group compared with healthy subjects. Cisapride-induced IMC-like contractions initiated from LES and upper part of stomach and mediated to duodenum, though aborad migration was not confirmed in the present study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cisapride', 'Duodenum', 'Electromyography', 'Esophagitis, Peptic', 'Esophagogastric Junction', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Manometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Piperidines', 'Scleroderma, Systemic']
| 3,795,673
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065.277.135', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.644', 'D02.241.223.100.100.135', 'D02.241.223.100.200.374', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.700', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.135', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.374', 'D03.383.621.135'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['C06.405.117.620.420', 'C06.405.205.663.420', 'C06.405.469.275.800.523', 'C06.405.748.586.524'], ['A03.556.875.500.414', 'A03.556.875.875.330'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.621'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Single-cell analysis of yeast, mammalian cells, and fungal spores with a microfluidic pressure-driven chip-based system.
|
BACKGROUND: Cytomics aims at understanding the function of cellular systems by analysis of single cells. Recently, there has been a growing interest in single cell measurements being performed in microfluidic systems. These systems promise to integrate staining, measurement, and analysis in a single system. One important aspect is the limitation of allowable cell sizes due to microfluidic channel dimensions. Here we want to demonstrate the broad applicability of microfluidic chip technology for the analysis of many different cell types.METHODS: We have developed a microfluidic chip and measurement system that allows flow cytometric analysis of fluorescently stained cells from different organisms. In this setup, the cells are moved by pressure-driven flow inside a network of microfluidic channels and are analyzed individually by fluorescence detection.RESULTS: We have successfully applied the system to develop a methodology to detect viable and dead cells in yeast cell populations. Also, we have measured short interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated silencing of protein expression in mammalian cells. In addition, we have characterized the infection state of Magnaportae grisea fungal spores.CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained with the microfluidic system demonstrate a broad applicability of microfluidic flow cytometry to measurement of various cell types.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cell Size', 'Cell Survival', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gene Silencing', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Magnaporthe', 'Microfluidics', 'Pressure', 'RNA', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Spores, Fungal']
| 15,170,604
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['G04.325'], ['G04.346'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['B01.300.107.575'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['G01.374.715'], ['D13.444.735'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['A11.870.710', 'A19.374.500', 'B05.775.710']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Admission creatine kinase as a prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction.
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prognostic significance of creatine kinase (CK) in Pakistani patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to find out if CK combined with troponin T (TnT) could be a better predictor for long-term adverse cardiac event.METHODS: One hundred and eighty six consecutive patients with AMI who were eligible for streptokinase (SK) treatment were included in this prospective cohort study. The relationship between their serum/plasma CK and TnT levels at the time of admission and clinical outcome was investigated over a mean follow up of 24.12 +/- 3.75 months.RESULTS: Admission CK was found to be associated with subsequent cardiac event and mortality (P < 0.01 and P < 0.04 respectively). Admission CK was also mildly associated with time interval between onset of symptoms to SK treatment (correlation coefficient 'r' = 0.23). Odds of encountering a cardiac event in AMI patients with above-normal CK levels (adjusted for gender) were 3.46 times higher than the odds in patients with normal CK levels. Similarly, odds of mortality in patients with positive TnT were 4.6 times the odds in patients with negative TnT. The two biochemical markers, CK and TnT, together did not provide any further information about prognosis of the disease.CONCLUSION: Admission CK is a better prognostic marker for a subsequent cardiac event, while TnT is a better predictor of mortality over a mean follow up of nearly 2 years. Together, they do not improve predictability of an adverse cardiac event.
|
['Creatine Kinase', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Streptokinase', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Troponin T']
| 20,201,171
|
[['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.775', 'D12.776.124.125.662.537'], ['E02.319.913'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Renal artery thrombosis and embolization associated with intravenous cocaine injection.
|
I have described a young man with unilateral renal artery thrombosis and embolization temporally related to the intravenous injection of cocaine. Patients with underlying vascular disease may be risking cardiovascular complications from recreational or medical use of cocaine.
|
['Adult', 'Cocaine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Embolism', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Renal Artery Obstruction', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Thrombosis']
| 3,603,118
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['E02.186'], ['C14.907.355.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C12.777.419.775', 'C13.351.968.419.775', 'C14.907.137.727'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Medical students' distress--quality, continuity and gender differences during a six-year medical programme.
|
Research observations suggest an increase in distress during the course of medical education, but it is not known whether this distress is chronic and persistent or episodic because follow-ups covering the whole training programme are lacking. We explored stress symptoms among undergraduate medical students (n = 110) at five points during the six-year medical training programme. The quality and continuity of symptoms and gender differences in stress reports were analysed. Questionnaire and interviews were used to assess stress symptoms, perceived health and severity of distress. Stress symptoms, such as fatigue, sleeping problems, anxiety, irritability and depression, were common. No significant gender differences were seen, but there was a consistent increase of stress reports throughout the medical programme in both sexes. Those who were most distressed at the beginning of training also reported more stress later. To conclude, we need interventions that help students to cope with stress, to make a smooth transition from school to medical school, and also to adjust to different learning environments during the different phases of medical education.
|
['Education, Medical', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Mood Disorders', 'Prevalence', 'Sex Distribution', 'Sleep Wake Disorders', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Students, Medical', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 16,707,294
|
[['I02.358.399'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F03.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Novel Multistandard Compliant Hand Function Assessment Method Using an Infrared Imaging Device.
|
Many post-stroke patients suffer varying degrees of hand function and fine motor skills impairment. Both passive and active hand rehabilitation training are beneficial in improving the strength and dexterity of the hands. However, hand rehabilitation programs should be prescribed based on an accurate assessment of hand function. In this paper, we propose a novel method for hand function assessment, which can accurately measure multiple joint angles of a hand simultaneously using a portable infrared based imaging device. Different from traditional assessment methods that are often based on a clinician's subjective observations and ordinal charts, this method provides an accurate, fast, and objective evaluation using infrared imaging sensors. Performance evaluation and benchmarking for the proposed measurement system were carried out using the correlation coefficient (CC) method, the root mean squared error, and the percentage residual difference method (PRD). A clinical trial involving 25 participants resulted in a higher correlation with CC of 0.9672 and PRD of 8.8%, which indicated that the developed assessment framework is compliant with multiple assessment standards such as Swanson impairment evaluation and Fugl-Meyer assessment. The new hand function assessment method can be used to replace traditional methods for fine hand function modeling and assessment in rehabilitation medicine and can also play an important role in precision post-stroke function analysis.
|
['Disability Evaluation', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Motor Skills', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Stroke Rehabilitation']
| 29,994,552
|
[['E01.370.400'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['F02.808.260'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pilot scale nanofiltration membrane separation for waste management in textile industry.
|
This paper presents the pilot scale membrane separation studies on dyehouse effluents of textile industry. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes which have 2 m2 of surface area were evaluated for membrane fouling on permeate flux and their suitability in separating COD, color and conductivity in relation to operating pressure and feed concentration from textile industry dyehouse effluents. Successive batch runs demonstrated that any serious membrane fouling was not experienced for NF membrane tested in treating this type of wastewater. The permeate flux was found to increase significantly with operating pressure. Flux decreased with increasing recovery rate. The overall removal efficiencies of COD, color and conductivity were found as greater than 97%. COD was lower than 10 mg/l at 12 bar pressures. Permeate COD was also increased with increasing recovery and COD was 30 mg/l with recovery of 80%. Almost complete color removal was achieved with nanofiltration membrane. Color value was also decreased from 500 Pt-Co to 10 Pt-Co unit. This significant reduction in color and COD makes possible the recycle of the permeate in the dyehouse. Permeate conductivity was decreasing with increasing pressure and retention of conductivity increases with increasing pressures. This phenomenon is expected from the analysis of conductivity mass transport model. Economical analysis have been done and the total estimated cost will be 0.81$/m3 based on 1000 m3/day of and this value is very economical for Istanbul City due to increasing industrial water supply tariffs.
|
['Coloring Agents', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Industrial Waste', 'Micropore Filters', 'Pilot Projects', 'Textile Industry', 'Ultrafiltration', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollution, Chemical', 'Water Supply']
| 11,436,786
|
[['D27.720.233'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['D20.944.420', 'N06.850.460.710.420'], ['E05.196.454.403', 'E07.560'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['J01.576.655.937'], ['E04.292.975', 'E05.196.454.807', 'G01.280.807', 'G02.263.807'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['N06.850.460.790.410'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Malignancy in Solitary Thyroid Nodule.
|
This prospective study was done to find out the relative frequency of the malignancy in cold solitary thyroid nodules with other solitary thyroid nodules (hot and warm). This study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2011 to February 2012. One hundred (100) patients with clinically and ultrasonographically diagnosed as solitary thyroid nodules were included. Out of them, 52% of patients were in the third and fourth decades of life and 26% were in the second decade of life. In sex distribution, females were more affected than males and female: male ratio was 2.1:1. All patients presented with neck swelling, which moved with deglutition and 18% presented with palpitation. Solitary nodule was present in about 60% in the right lobe and 32% in the left lobe. In 72% patients, radioiodine uptake was low; in 25% patient's radioiodine uptake was normal. The thyroid scan revealed 72% cold nodule, in 25% patients radioiodine uptake was normal. On Ultrasonographic study, 60% were solid, 28% cystic and others mixed. Each and every patient of this series was treated surgically. Mostly (73%) lobectomy was done. Total thyroidectomy was done in 16% cases. On histopathology, 56% were colloid nodule, 28% were adenoma and 16% were carcinoma. Among the 16% malignant patients, majority of the patients had their age between 21-48 years. Histopathological types were mostly papillary (50%). Complications of surgery were mostly hoarseness of voice (5%), hematoma (4%), infection (2%) and hypoparathyroidism (3%). In this study, more malignant cases (20.83%) were found in cold solitary nodules.
|
['Adenoma', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bangladesh', 'Carcinoma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Thyroid Nodule', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Young Adult']
| 26,931,247
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C04.588.322.894.800', 'C04.588.443.915.800', 'C19.344.894.800', 'C19.874.788.800'], ['E04.270.856'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate Attenuates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury by Reducing the Unfolded Protein Response.
|
BACKGROUND: The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in various organs such as heart, brain, and liver. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) reportedly acts as a chemical chaperone that reduces UPR. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PBA on reducing the UPR and protecting against myocardial I/R injury in mice.METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 30-minute myocardial I/R, and were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (as a vehicle) or PBA.RESULTS: At 4 hours after reperfusion, mice treated with PBA had reduced serum cardiac troponin I levels and numbers of apoptotic cells in left ventricles (LVs) in myocardial I/R. Infarct size had also reduced in mice treated with PBA at 48 hours after reperfusion. At 2 hours after reperfusion, UPR markers, including eukaryotic initiation of the factor 2á-subunit, activating transcription factor-6, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein, and caspase-12, were significantly increased in mice treated with vehicle compared to sham-operated mice. Administration of PBA significantly reduced the I/R-induced increases of these markers. Cardiac function and dimensions were assessed at 21 days after I/R. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate dedicated to the improvement of cardiac parameters deterioration including LV end-diastolic diameter and LV fractional shortening. Consistently, PBA reduced messenger RNA expression levels of cardiac remodeling markers such as collagen type 1á1, brain natriuretic peptide, and á skeletal muscle actin in LV at 21 days after I/R.CONCLUSION: Unfolded protein response mediates myocardial I/R injury. Administration of PBA reduces the UPR, apoptosis, infarct size, and preserved cardiac function. Hence, PBA may be a therapeutic option to attenuate myocardial I/R injury in clinical practice.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Myocardium', 'Phenylbutyrates', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recovery of Function', 'Signal Transduction', 'Unfolded Protein Response', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Remodeling']
| 27,909,014
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D02.241.223.651'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G16.757'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.962', 'G02.111.691.600.850', 'G03.734.871.790.600.850', 'G05.308.670.600.850'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular mechanisms governing tumor-necrosis-factor-mediated regulation of plasminogen-activator inhibitor type-2 gene expression.
|
Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), a serine protease inhibitor involved in the regulation of urokinase-dependent proteolysis, is also implicated in the inhibition of tumor-necrosis-factor-(TNF)-mediated apoptosis. The PAI-2 gene is one of the most TNF-responsive genes known and is also highly induced by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, in both HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and U-937 histiocytic cells. We sought to identify and characterize regulatory cis-acting DNA elements and trans-acting factors which mediate basal and inducible PAI-2 gene transcription. A series of promoter deletion mutants (nucleotides -1859 to -91) fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene were transfected into HT-1080 cells. Two repressor regions were identified; one distally between positions -1859 and -1100, and one proximally between positions -259 and -219. Cells transfected with constructs harboring more than 259 bp promoter sequence produced a 10-15-fold increase in CAT activity when treated with PMA or okadaic acid, but produced only a minimal (2.5-fold) increase in response to TNF. Removal of the proximal repressor by deletion to position -219, or by internal deletion from the -1100 PAI-2 CAT construct, resulted in a selective increase in TNF responsiveness, suggesting that induction of PAI-2 gene transcription by TNF is associated with derepression. Detailed analysis of the proximal repressor utilizing the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), identified two novel and distinct protein-binding sites (A and B). Site A is located within the 40-bp proximal repressor while site B is situated immediately adjacent to the 3' boundary. Treatment of cells with PMA or okadaic acid produced no change in the binding activity of proteins recognising sites A or B. However, treatment of cells with TNF results in a profound selective reduction in site-B-binding activity, suggesting that this site plays a significant role in TNF-mediated regulation of PAI-2 gene expression. Our findings suggest that TNF-mediated induction of PAI-2 gene expression involves derepression and is associated with cis-acting and trans-acting factors located within and adjacent to the proximal repressor region.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA Probes', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 8,898,893
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.644.861.695.520', 'D12.776.124.125.645', 'D12.776.872.695.520', 'D23.119.832.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Combined statistical analyses of peptide intensities and peptide occurrences improves identification of significant peptides from MS-based proteomics data.
|
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS) proteomics uses peak intensities of proteolytic peptides to infer the differential abundance of peptides/proteins. However, substantial run-to-run variability in intensities and observations (presence/absence) of peptides makes data analysis quite challenging. The missing observations in LC-MS proteomics data are difficult to address with traditional imputation-based approaches because the mechanisms by which data are missing are unknown a priori. Data can be missing due to random mechanisms such as experimental error or nonrandom mechanisms such as a true biological effect. We present a statistical approach that uses a test of independence known as a G-test to test the null hypothesis of independence between the number of missing values across experimental groups. We pair the G-test results, evaluating independence of missing data (IMD) with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) that uses only means and variances computed from the observed data. Each peptide is therefore represented by two statistical confidence metrics, one for qualitative differential observation and one for quantitative differential intensity. We use three LC-MS data sets to demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of the IMD-ANOVA approach.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Peptides', 'Proteomics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 20,831,241
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.644'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: is clinical response predictable?
|
BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) has been accepted as a standard therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), a category of lymphomas mainly resistant to conventional therapies. Approximately one half of patients demonstrate a reduction in skin affliction by at least 50% within 12 months of therapy and are categorized as responders to ECP. Predictive criteria for selecting patients who will respond to ECP are lacking. Such criteria would however, be of great benefit.OBJECTIVES: This study compared T-cell clonality and serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), neopterin, beta2-microglobulin (beta(2)-M) and granzyme B in CTCL patients in order to evaluate their potential usefulness as predictive markers.PATIENTS/METHODS: Serum and T lymphocytes obtained from 16 patients with CTCL receiving ECP treatment were evaluated in an open retrospective study.RESULTS: We found no evident correlation between detected T-cell clonality and response to ECP. The non-responding group had on average a higher level of serum sIL-2R. This difference was significant after 6 and 12 months of therapy, but not pretreatment. An individual reduction in serum sIL-2R, neopterin and beta(2)-M during a 6-month course of ECP was well correlated to clinical remission.CONCLUSIONS: Seven out of 16 patients were classified as responders. Neither T-cell clonality nor any of the serum markers assessed pretreatment could reliably predict the response to ECP treatment. However, the individual relative changes in sIL-2R, neopterin and beta(2)-M during 6 months of ECP treatment coherently displayed correlation to the clinical response, as assessed after 12 months of ECP treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Granzymes', 'Humans', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neopterin', 'Photopheresis', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Solubility', 'Time Factors', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']
| 16,987,266
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.397', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.800', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.800', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.800'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202.500', 'D08.211.090.500'], ['E02.774.945.500.500', 'E04.292.762'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.100', 'D12.776.377.715.182.100', 'D12.776.395.550.489.100', 'D12.776.543.550.439.100', 'D23.050.301.500.100.175', 'D23.050.705.552.100.175']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of an immunoglobin cDNA clone containing the variable and constant regions for the MOPC 21 kappa light chain.
|
Nucleotide sequence analysis and restriction endonuclease mapping have been used to characterize a cDNA copy of immunoglobulin MOPC 21 Kappa mRNA clones in the bacterial plasmid pMB9. Three regions of the inserted cDNA of plasmid pL21-1 have been sequenced and match the known protein sequence at amino acid residues 1-24, 128-138 and 171-179. With these sequences to provide absolute correlations between the restriction map and the structural gene sequence it has been possible to exactly deduce the positions of all 11 of the insert restriction sites mapped within the structural gene. The pL21-1 insert contains the complete variable and constant regions as well as parts of the 3' untranslated and polypeptide leader coding sequences.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Immunoglobulin Constant Regions', 'Immunoglobulin Light Chains', 'Immunoglobulin Variable Region', 'Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Myeloma Proteins', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 100,766
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.538', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.797', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.797', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.797', 'G02.111.570.060.425'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.530', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.530', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.530'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.900.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.900.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.900.500', 'D12.776.624.553'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of new anatomy reconstruction software to localize cardiac isochrones to the cardiac surface from the 12 lead ECG.
|
Non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) of the cardiac muscle can help the pre-procedure planning of the ablation of ventricular arrhythmias by reducing the time to localize the origin. Our non-invasive ECGI system, the cardiac isochrone positioning system (CIPS), requires non-intersecting meshes of the heart, lungs and torso. However, software to reconstruct the meshes of the heart, lungs and torso with the capability to check and prevent these intersections is currently lacking. Consequently the reconstruction of a patient specific model with realistic atrial and ventricular wall thickness and incorporating blood cavities, lungs and torso usually requires additional several days of manual work. Therefore new software was developed that checks and prevents any intersections, and thus enables the use of accurate reconstructed anatomical models within CIPS. In this preliminary study we investigated the accuracy of the created patient specific anatomical models from MRI or CT. During the manual segmentation of the MRI data the boundaries of the relevant tissues are determined. The resulting contour lines are used to automatically morph reference meshes of the heart, lungs or torso to match the boundaries of the morphed tissue. Five patients were included in the study; models of the heart, lungs and torso were reconstructed from standard cardiac MRI images. The accuracy was determined by computing the distance between the segmentation contours and the morphed meshes. The average accuracy of the reconstructed cardiac geometry was within 2mm with respect to the manual segmentation contours on the MRI images. Derived wall volumes and left ventricular wall thickness were within the range reported in literature. For each reconstructed heart model the anatomical heart axis was computed using the automatically determined anatomical landmarks of the left apex and the mitral valve. The accuracy of the reconstructed heart models was well within the accuracy of the used medical image data (pixel size <1.5mm). For the lungs and torso the number of triangles in the mesh was reduced, thus decreasing the accuracy of the reconstructed mesh. A novel software tool has been introduced, which is able to reconstruct accurate cardiac anatomical models from MRI or CT within only a few hours. This new anatomical reconstruction tool might reduce the modeling errors within the cardiac isochrone positioning system and thus enable the clinical application of CIPS to localize the PVC/VT focus to the ventricular myocardium from only the standard 12 lead ECG.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Body Surface Potential Mapping', 'Computer Simulation', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Patient-Specific Modeling', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Software', 'Ventricular Premature Complexes']
| 26,381,797
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.850.100', 'E01.370.405.240.850.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.599.395.821', 'L01.224.160.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.900'], ['C14.280.067.325.500', 'C14.280.123.375.500', 'C23.550.073.325.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Targeting GIPC/synectin in pancreatic cancer inhibits tumor growth.
|
PURPOSE: Various studies have shown the importance of the GAIP interacting protein, COOH-terminus (GIPC, also known as Synectin) as a central adaptor molecule in different signaling pathways and as an important mediator of receptor stability. GIPC/Synectin is associated with different growth-promoting receptors such as insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) and integrins. These interactions were mediated through its PDZ domain. GIPC/Synectin has been shown to be overexpressed in pancreatic and breast cancer. The goal of this study was to show the importance of GIPC/Synectin in pancreatic cancer growth and to evaluate a possible therapeutic strategy by using a GIPC-PDZ domain inhibitor. Furthermore, the effect of targeting GIPC on the IGF-I receptor as one of its associated receptors was tested.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The in vivo effects of GIPC/Synectin knockdown were studied after lentiviral transduction of luciferase-expressing pancreatic cancer cells with short hairpin RNA against GIPC/Synectin. Additionally, a GIPC-PDZ--targeting peptide was designed. This peptide was tested for its influence on pancreatic cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS: Knockdown of GIPC/Synectin led to a significant inhibition of pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth in an orthotopic mouse model. Additionally, a cell-permeable GIPC-PDZ inhibitor was able to block tumor growth significantly without showing toxicity in a mouse model. Targeting GIPC was accompanied by a significant reduction in IGF-IR expression in pancreatic cancer cells.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that targeting GIPC/Synectin and its PDZ domain inhibits pancreatic carcinoma growth and is a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention of pancreatic cancer.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Integrins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Oligopeptides', 'PDZ Domains', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Receptor, IGF Type 1', 'Signal Transduction']
| 19,509,165
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.500'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.185', 'D12.776.543.750.630.468', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.780.400'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High incidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic syndrome of childhood.
|
In recent adult literature, there have been reports of an increasing incidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) among patients with nephrotic syndrome. To examine whether this observation is also relevant to the pediatric population we utilized our hospital computerized database to analyze the data on children with primary nephrotic syndrome seen first between the years 1984 and 1995. A questionnaire was also sent to all metropolitan Kansas City pediatricians to identify possible patients outside the database. The inclusion criteria were clinical nephrotic syndrome or proteinuria with a kidney biopsy. A total of 148 patients (group A) were identified; 86 of them from metropolitan Kansas City (group B). In group A the incidence of minimal change disease (MCD) and FSGS was 52.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 44%-60%] and 23.0% (95% CI 16-29%), respectively and in group B 54.7% (95% CI 44%-65%) and 24.5% (95% CI 15%-33%), respectively. Those numbers were significantly different from the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (IS-KDC) reported incidence of 76.4% for MCD and 6.9% for FSGS. Similar to the ISKDC, in our population children over 6 years had a higher incidence of FSGS than younger children (32.8% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.028). The annual incidence rate for nephrotic syndrome in group B was 2.2 cases/10(5) children per year, of which MCD comprised 1.22 cases/10(5) children per year and FSGS 0.5 cases/10(5) children per year. The annual incidence rates of both primary nephrotic syndrome (3.6) and FSGS (1.6) were significantly higher in African-Americans, than Caucasians (1.8 and 0.3 cases/10(5) children per year, respectively). Our study indicates nearly no change in the annual incidence of pediatric primary nephrotic syndrome, but a higher incidence of FSGS with reciprocal decline in the incidence of MCD. The possibility of primary nephrotic syndrome being caused by a non-MCD entity is further raised among African-American and in children over 6 years. We conclude that our perception of primary nephrotic syndrome of childhood as a benign condition has to be carefully reexamined and a more-guarded prognostic approach adopted in our geographic area.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Nephrotic Syndrome']
| 10,100,283
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.660', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chlamydia trachomatis antigen prevalence among pregnant women in West Virginia.
|
During 1990, more than 2,100 women who received prenatal care at one of four clinics which serve 11 West Virginia counties, were screened for chlamydial antigen. Overall, 5.6 percent of the women screened had positive antigen tests and 90 percent of these individuals were under the age of 25. The prevalence of chlamydia was different at three geographic sites with the highest rate of positive antigen test being 9.4 percent at one site. These findings led to a careful analysis of the prevalence of this disease among women who lived in rural areas versus those who lived in urban areas. This detailed analysis involved only patients seen in the Grafton and Morgantown clinics, and revealed a tendency for most positive antigen tests to occur among women with urban addresses. Our study indicates that a substantial chlamydial problem exists among pregnant women of young age. Although screening all pregnant women for chlamydia may not be cost effective, knowing which individuals are at highest risk may help target limited screening for these patients.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Urban Population', 'West Virginia']
| 1,492,405
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.161'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N01.600.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Studies on the toxicity of gambogic acid in rats.
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AIM: To study the chronic toxicity of gambogic acid (GA), the major active ingredient of gamboges, a brownish to orange resin extracted from the Garcinia hanburyi (family Guttiferae) in Southeast Asia, using Sprague-Dawley rat as an animal model and provide further theoretical support for clinical applications of this promising natural anticancer agent.METHODS: GA was administered orally at dosages of 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg once every other day for a total of 13 weeks. Then we carried out the chronic toxicity studies including general body parameters, hematological, serum biochemistry, histopathological, and viscera examination.RESULTS: The results from the studies demonstrated that rats treated with high dose (120 mg/kg) of GA for a long time can lead to the damage on the kidney and liver. An innocuous dose was established to be 60 mg/kg after administration to rats for a total of 13 weeks at a frequency of one administration every other day. This dose was approximately 18.0 (body weight) or 9.6 (body surface area) times higher then that of the dose (200mg/60 kg, every other day) used for human trials.CONCLUSIONS: The studies demonstrated that the toxicity targets in the rats were the kidney and liver. These results provide further theoretical support for clinical applications of this promising natural anticancer agent.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Garcinia', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Xanthones']
| 18,384,990
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['F01.145.113'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625.333'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D03.633.300.953.852']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Seizure activity affects neuroglial Kv1 channel immunoreactivities in the gerbil hippocampus.
|
In order to confirm the species-specific distribution of voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels and the definitive relationship between their immunoreactivities and seizure activity, we investigated Kv1 channel immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of seizure resistant (SR) and seizure sensitive (SS) gerbils. There was distinct difference of the Kv1 channel subtypes immunoreactivity in the hippocampi in both SR and SS gerbils. Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, and Kv1.6 immunoreactivities in the SS gerbil hippocampus were lower than that in the SR gerbil hippocampus. However, Kv1 immunoreactivities were obviously presented in astrocyte within the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of pre-seizure SS gerbil hippocampus. Following seizure-onset, Kv1 immunoreactivities (except Kv1.5) were markedly elevated, whereas their immunoreactivites in astrocytes were down-regulated. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that seizure activity may distinctly affect neuroglial Kv1 immunoreactivities in the gerbil hippocampus.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Gerbillinae', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Hippocampus', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neuroglia', 'Parvalbumins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Seizures', 'Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels']
| 17,397,809
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.300'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D12.776.034.700', 'D12.776.210.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The C domain of netrin UNC-6 silences calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- and diacylglycerol-dependent axon branching in Caenorhabditis elegans.
|
Second messenger systems mediate neuronal responses to extracellular factors that elicit axon branching, turning, and guidance. We found that mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans that affect components of second messenger systems, a G-protein subunit, phospholipase Cbeta, diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), have no obvious effect on axon responses to UNC-6 except in animals in which the N-terminal fragment, UNC-6DeltaC, is expressed. In these animals, the mutations enhance or suppress ectopic branching of certain axons. Netrin UNC-6 is an extracellular protein that guides circumferential migrations, and UNC-6DeltaC has UNC-6 guidance activity. We propose that the guidance response elicited by the UNC-6 N-terminal domains involves mechanisms that can induce branching that is sensitive to CaMKII- and DAG-dependent signaling, and that the UNC-6 C domain is required in cis to the N-terminal domains to silence the branching and to maintain proper axon morphology.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Axons', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Diacylglycerol Kinase', 'Diglycerides', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11', 'Helminth Proteins', 'Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Isoenzymes', 'Motor Neurons', 'Mutation', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Netrins', 'Phospholipase C beta', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Subunits', 'Receptors, Neuropeptide Y', 'Second Messenger Systems', 'Signal Transduction', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 11,896,167
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125.200', 'D12.644.360.100.200', 'D12.776.476.100.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.200'], ['D10.351.303'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100.300', 'D12.644.360.360.100.300', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100.300', 'D12.776.476.375.100.300', 'D12.776.543.325.100.300'], ['D12.776.419'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200', 'D12.644.360.360', 'D12.776.157.325.332', 'D12.776.476.375', 'D12.776.543.325'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.276.860.494', 'D12.776.467.860.494', 'D12.776.631.600.494', 'D12.776.860.300.731', 'D23.125.842', 'D23.529.850.494'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.562.500', 'D12.644.360.571.500', 'D12.776.476.556.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.540', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.540'], ['G02.111.820.800', 'G04.835.800'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identifying predictors of central nervous system disease in solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is often deferred in patients with cryptococcal disease, particularly in the absence of neurologic manifestations. We sought to determine whether a subset of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with high likelihood of central nervous system (CNS) disease could be identified in whom CSF analysis must be performed.METHODS: Patients comprised a multicenter cohort of SOT recipients with cryptococcosis.RESULTS: Of 129 (88%) of 146 SOT recipients with cryptococcosis who underwent CSF analysis, 80 (62%) had CNS disease. In the overall study population, abnormal mental status, time to onset of cryptococcosis more than 24 months posttransplantation (late-onset disease), serum cryptococcal antigen titer more than 1:64, and fungemia were independently associated with an increased risk of CNS disease. Of patients with abnormal mental status, 95% had CNS cryptococcosis. When only patients with normal mental status were considered, three predictors (serum antigen titer >1:64, fungemia, and late-onset disease) independently identified patients with CNS cryptococcosis; the risk of CNS disease was 14% if none, 39% if one, and 94% if two of the aforementioned predictors existed (chi for trend P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: CSF analysis should be strongly considered in SOT recipients with cryptococcosis who have late-onset disease, fungemia, or serum cryptococcal antigen titer more than 1:64 even in the presence of normal mental status.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, Fungal', 'Central Nervous System Diseases', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cryptococcosis', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Transplantation', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis']
| 20,061,921
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.202'], ['C10.228'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C01.150.703.248'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.936.450'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Restriction mapping of a chlorobenzoate degradative plasmid and molecular cloning of the degradative genes.
|
The genes for the degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid ( 3Cba ) are present in a 110-kb plasmid pAC27 . A circular map is established using the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII and Bg/II. The map is derived from the results obtained by partial restriction digestion, complete single and double restriction digestion and finally confirmed with hybridization of the digested fragments using different purified fragments as probes. The 3Cba degradative genes are found to be clustered in one region of the map (EcoRI fragment A) as judged by molecular cloning with a broad host range vector pLAFRI . A portion of the 3Cba degradative gene cluster appears to undergo ready recombination with the chromosome, even in a recA host, suggesting the probable transposable nature of such gene cluster.
|
['Chlorobenzoates', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Plasmids', 'Pseudomonas', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 6,327,465
|
[['D02.241.223.100.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mosaic expression of claudins in thick ascending limbs of Henle results in spatial separation of paracellular Na+ and Mg2+ transport.
|
The thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop drives paracellular Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ reabsorption via the tight junction (TJ). The TJ is composed of claudins that consist of four transmembrane segments, two extracellular segments (ECS1 and -2), and one intracellular loop. Claudins interact within the same (cis) and opposing (trans) plasma membranes. The claudins Cldn10b, -16, and -19 facilitate cation reabsorption in the TAL, and their absence leads to a severe disturbance of renal ion homeostasis. We combined electrophysiological measurements on microperfused mouse TAL segments with subsequent analysis of claudin expression by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. Claudin interaction properties were examined using heterologous expression in the TJ-free cell line HEK 293, live-cell imaging, and F?rster/FRET. To reveal determinants of interaction properties, a set of TAL claudin protein chimeras was created and analyzed. Our main findings are that (i) TAL TJs show a mosaic expression pattern of either cldn10b or cldn3/cldn16/cldn19 in a complex; (ii) TJs dominated by cldn10b prefer Na+ over Mg2+, whereas TJs dominated by cldn16 favor Mg2+ over Na+; (iii) cldn10b does not interact with other TAL claudins, whereas cldn3 and cldn16 can interact with cldn19 to form joint strands; and (iv) further claudin segments in addition to ECS2 are crucial for trans interaction. We suggest the existence of at least two spatially distinct types of paracellular channels in TAL: a cldn10b-based channel for monovalent cations such as Na+ and a spatially distinct site for reabsorption of divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2.
|
['Animals', 'Claudins', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Loop of Henle', 'Magnesium', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sodium', 'Tight Junctions']
| 28,028,216
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.940.200'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.610'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Crystal arthritis: a clinician's view.
|
Arthritis, which can be acute, chronic or asymptomatic, is caused by a variety of crystal deposition in joints. The three main types of crystal arthritis are monosodium urate (gout), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, and calcium phosphate (usually hydroxyapatite). A clinical approach to diagnosis and management.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Arthritis', 'Arthritis, Gouty', 'Calcium Pyrophosphate', 'Chondrocalcinosis', 'Colchicine', 'Crystallization', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Gout', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyapatites', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Periarthritis', 'Uric Acid']
| 1,805,773
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['C05.550.114'], ['C05.550.114.423.410', 'C05.550.354.500.500', 'C05.799.414.410', 'C16.320.565.798.368.410', 'C18.452.648.798.368.410'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.150', 'D01.029.260.700.675.374.775.150.150', 'D01.146.360.150', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.150', 'D01.695.625.675.650.775.150.150'], ['C05.550.114.264', 'C05.550.354.125'], ['D03.132.225'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E01.171'], ['C05.550.114.423', 'C05.550.354.500', 'C05.799.414', 'C16.320.565.798.368', 'C18.452.648.798.368'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300', 'D01.146.360.050.300', 'D01.578.122.477', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C05.550.114.678', 'C05.550.251.595'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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