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Challenges for assessing vertebrate diversity in turbid Saharan water-bodies using environmental DNA.
|
The Sahara desert is the largest warm desert in the world and a poorly explored area. Small water-bodies occur across the desert and are crucial habitats for vertebrate biodiversity. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for species detection and is being increasingly used to conduct biodiversity assessments. However, there are a number of difficulties with sampling eDNA from such turbid water-bodies and it is often not feasible to rely on electrical tools in remote desert environments. We trialled a manually powered filtering method in Mauritania, using pre-filtration to circumvent problems posed by turbid water in remote arid areas. From nine vertebrate species expected in the water-bodies, four were detected visually, two via metabarcoding, and one via both methods. Difficulties filtering turbid water led to severe constraints, limiting the sampling protocol to only one sampling point per study site, which alone may largely explain why many of the expected vertebrate species were not detected. The amplification of human DNA using general vertebrate primers is also likely to have contributed to the low number of taxa identified. Here we highlight a number of challenges that need to be overcome to successfully conduct metabarcoding eDNA studies for vertebrates in desert environments in Africa.
|
['Animals', 'Biodiversity', 'DNA', 'DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic', 'Desert Climate', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Mauritania', 'Rivers', 'Vertebrates']
| 30,312,548
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.542.249', 'E05.393.760.700.149'], ['G16.500.275.071.325', 'N06.230.300.100.250.325'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.058.290.190.520'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['B01.050.150.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
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Monoclonal anti-envelope antibody AP33 protects humanized mice against a patient-derived hepatitis C virus challenge.
|
UNLABELLED: End-stage liver disease (ESLD) caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major indication for liver transplantation. However, immediately after transplantation, the liver graft of viremic patients universally becomes infected by circulating virus, resulting in accelerated liver disease progression. Currently available direct-acting antiviral therapies have reduced efficacy in patients with ESLD and prophylactic strategies to prevent HCV recurrence are still highly needed. In this study, we compared the ability of two broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated 3/11 and AP33, recognizing a distinct, but overlapping, epitope in the viral E2 glycoprotein to protect humanized mice from a patient-derived HCV challenge. Their neutralizing activity was assessed using the HCV pseudoparticles and cell-culture-derived HCV systems expressing multiple patient-derived envelopes and a human-liver chimeric mouse model. HCV RNA was readily detected in all control mice challenged with a patient-derived HCV genotype 1b isolate, whereas 3 of 4 AP33-treated mice were completely protected. In contrast, only one of four 3/11-treated mice remained HCV-RNA negative throughout the observation period, whereas the other 3 had a viral load that was indistinguishable from that in the control group. The increased in vivo efficacy of AP33 was in line with its higher affinity and neutralizing capacity observed in vitro.CONCLUSIONS: Although mAbs AP33 and 3/11 target the same region in E2, only mAb AP33 can efficiently protect from challenge with a heterologous HCV population in vivo. Given that mAb AP33 efficiently neutralizes viral variants that escaped the humoral immune response and reinfected the liver graft of transplant patients, it may be a valuable candidate to prevent HCV recurrence. In addition, our data are valuable for the design of a prophylactic vaccine.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis C Antibodies', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 26,710,081
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.251'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.510', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.510', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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|
Dependence of illusory motion on directional consistency in oblique components.
|
Pinna and Brelstaff (2000 Vision Research 40 2091-2096) reported a motion illusion on viewing two concentric circles consisting of quadrangular components with black and white sides on a grey background. Our results suggest that the illusion is based on the integration of motion signals derived from oblique components, and on the consistency in the direction among those components. Furthermore, arrays of these oblique components can elicit the perception of motion not only for the oblique components themselves, but also for other objects in the picture. We propose that the motion illusion depends not only upon detection of the illusory motion signal at each local oblique component, but also upon the accumulation of the signal all over the stimulus configuration.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Form Perception', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motion Perception', 'Optical Illusions', 'Psychophysics']
| 16,970,202
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F02.463.593.446.659'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Common stock solutions, buffers, and media.
|
This collection of recipes describes the preparation of buffers and reagents used in Current Protocols in Pharmacology for cell culture, manipulation of neural tissue, molecular biological methods, and neurophysiological/neurochemical measurements. RECIPES: Acid, concentrated stock solutions Ammonium hydroxide, concentrated stock solution EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 0.5 M (pH 8.0) Ethidium bromide staining solution Fetal bovine serum (FBS) Gel loading buffer, 6? LB medium (Luria broth) and LB plates Potassium phosphate buffer, 0.1 M Sodium phosphate buffer, 0.1 M TE (Tris/EDTA) buffer Tris?Cl, 1 M.
|
['Animals', 'Buffers', 'Cattle', 'Culture Media', 'Laboratory Chemicals', 'Pharmaceutical Solutions']
| 22,522,498
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D27.720.470'], ['D26.776.708', 'D27.505.954.578', 'D27.720.752']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Jejunostomy feeding for the conservative management of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus.
|
Three patients with spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) were successfully treated by a conservative regimen consisting of nil orally and broad-spectrum antibiotics, while their nutrition was satisfactorily maintained by jejunostomy feeding. Such a regimen is simpler and cheaper than one utilising parenteral nutrition: it avoids its complications and limitations, and will enable healing to take place within three weeks after the rupture has occurred. It is therefore suggested that the conservative management of Boerhaave's syndrome is the treatment of choice.
|
['Adult', 'Cefotaxime', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Esophageal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Jejunostomy', 'Male', 'Metronidazole', 'Middle Aged', 'Rupture, Spontaneous']
| 1,931,540
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['C06.405.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.210.338.523', 'E04.579.338.523'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.300.909']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Necrotic tumor growth: an analytic approach.
|
The present paper deals with a free boundary problem modeling the growth process of necrotic multi-layer tumors. We prove the existence of flat stationary solutions and determine the linearization of our model at such an equilibrium. Finally, we compute the solutions of the stationary linearized problem and comment on bifurcation.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Mathematical Concepts', 'Models, Biological', 'Necrosis', 'Neoplasms']
| 22,535,337
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['G17'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C23.550.717'], ['C04']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
The effect of progressive hypoxia on school structure and dynamics in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus.
|
The effect of progressive hypoxia on the structure and dynamics of herring (Clupea harengus) schools in laboratory conditions was investigated. The length, width and depth of schools of about 20 individuals were measured from video recordings to test the hypothesis that during hypoxia fish schools change their shape and volume. School shape (calculated as the ratios of length/depth, width/depth and length/width) did not change significantly during hypoxia. School length, width, depth, area and volume were all significantly increased at 20% oxygen saturation. Volume, area and width were more sensitive to hypoxia; volume and width were also increased at 25% and area at 30% oxygen saturation. The degree of position changing (shuffling) of individuals within the school was also analysed. Shuffling in normoxia was observed to occur largely through 'O-turn' manoeuvres, a 360( degrees )turn executed laterally to the school that allowed fishes in the front to move to the back. O-turn frequency during normoxia was 0.69 O-turns fish(-1) min(-1) but significantly decreased with hypoxia to 0.37 O-turns fish(-1) min(-1) at 30% oxygen saturation. Shuffling was also investigated by measuring the persistence time of individual herring in leading positions (i.e. the first half of the school). No significant changes occurred during hypoxia, indicating that the decrease in O-turn frequency does not affect shuffling rate during hypoxia, and that position shuffling in hypoxic conditions is mainly due to overtaking or falling back by individual fishes. School integrity and positional dynamics are the outcome of trade-offs among a number of biotic factors, such as food, predator defence, mating behaviour and various physical factors that may impose certain limits. Among these, our results indicate that oxygen level modulates schooling behaviour. Oxygen alters whole-school parameters at oxygen saturation values that can be encountered by herring in the field, indicating that oxygen availability is an important factor in the trade-offs that determine school volume. An increase in school volume in the wild may increase the oxygen available to each individual. However, shuffling rate is not affected by hypoxia, indicating that the internal dynamics of positioning is the result of the balance of other factors, for example related to the nutritional state of each individual fish as suggested by previous studies.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fishes', 'Hypoxia', 'Oxygen', 'Population Dynamics', 'Video Recording']
| 12,396,484
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['C22.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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|
Transbronchial lung biopsy. Histopathologic and morphometric assessment of diagnostic utility.
|
The diagnostic utility of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) is partly a function of its size. However, objective parameters that reflect biopsy specimen size have not yet been well-defined. We studied clinical records and histopathologic lung tissue slides of 116 patients who underwent diagnostic TBB, aiming to define the possible significance of association between seven parameters and three categories of pathologic diagnoses. Three of the seven parameters were clinical: age, sex, and chest roentgenographic infiltrates (localized vs diffuse). The remaining four parameters were histopathologic and morphometric: total number of tissue fragments, total number of alveoli (per biopsy specimen), total tissue area (alveolated plus nonalveolated), and lung total area (alveolated tissue alone). The three categories of pathologic diagnoses were as follows: infection, tumor, and nonspecific diagnoses. The nonspecific diagnoses included diagnoses of fibrosis and/or chronic inflammation. The alveoli were microscopically counted by one of us (S.D.G.). The number of biopsy fragments, the total tissue area, and the total lung area were measured in square millimeters by a computer-assisted digitizing system using specific (Bio-Quant) software (R and M Biometrics Inc). The significance of the associations between the seven parameters and the three diagnostic categories were assessed by the chi2 test for association. Overall, the following four possible associations were found to be statistically significant: (1) age--a lower percentage of patients with infection was found among patients with increasing age (p less than 0.001); (2) roentgenographic findings--a greater percentage of tumor diagnoses were found in patients with localized infiltrates (p = 0.006); (3) number of biopsy fragments--a greater percentage of patients with diagnoses of infection was identified among patients whose biopsy specimens contained the highest number of tissue fragments (p = 0.04); and (4) number of alveoli--a greater percentage of diagnosis of infection was made in patients whose biopsy specimens contained greater than or equal to 20 alveoli (p = 0.01). Our findings support the notion that the diagnostic utility of TBB is related to its size. However, this relationship between TBB size and diagnostic utility was apparent only for diagnoses of infection and not for diagnoses of tumor. We conclude that TBB specimens containing 20 or more alveoli may (1) be declared to be adequate for diagnosis, (2) in the appropriate clinical setting, they will be most likely to yield a diagnosis of infection, and (3) the number of alveoli does not appear to be associated to the diagnosis of tumor.
|
['Biopsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Radiography', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 1,516,396
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.411.715'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H): does HPV matter?
|
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cases diagnosed as atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high squamous grade intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) in cervical specimens is not well established. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of HPV status in cases of ASC-H in a major cancer center. One hundred thirty-two patients with a diagnosis of ASC-H were identified over a 4-yr period in our institution. Forty-four of 132 cases were evaluated for high-risk HPV and had biopsy follow-up. The positive predictive value (PPV) of ASC-H for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions overall was 32% while PPV of ASC-H with associated HR HPV was 42%. This increase was statistically significant with P = 0.003 and suggest that HPV testing might be useful to increase the PPV of ASC-H.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'New York', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Uterine Cervical Dysplasia', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 17,173,297
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.250'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['C04.834'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.925.928'], ['C04.834.818', 'C13.351.500.852.593.074'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A systematic approach for analysis of peptide array kinome data.
|
The central roles of kinases in cellular processes and diseases make them highly attractive as indicators of biological responses and as therapeutic targets. Peptide arrays are emerging as an important means of characterizing kinome activity. Currently, the computational tools used to perform high-throughput kinome analyses are not specifically tailored to the nature of the data, which hinders extraction of biological information and overall progress in the field. We have developed a method for kinome analysis, which is implemented as a software pipeline in the R environment. Components and parameters were chosen to address the technical and biological characteristics of kinome microarrays. We performed comparative analysis of kinome data sets that corresponded to stimulation of immune cells with ligands of well-defined signaling pathways: bovine monocytes treated with interferon-ã (IFN-ã), CpG-containing nucleotides, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The data sets for each of the treatments were analyzed with our methodology as well as with three other commonly used approaches. The methods were evaluated on the basis of statistical confidence of calculated values with respect to technical and biological variability, and the statistical confidence (P values) by which the known signaling pathways could be independently identified by the pathway analysis of InnateDB (a Web-based resource for innate immunity interactions and pathways). By considering the particular attributes of kinome data, we found that our approach identified more of the peptides involved in the pathways than did the other compared methods and that it did so at a much higher degree of statistical confidence.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Computational Biology', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Methods', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Proteomics', 'Signal Transduction']
| 22,510,468
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G12.450.564'], ['E05.581'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Benefit of wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear in adult users of a cochlear implant.
|
The purpose of this investigation was to document performance of participants wearing a cochlear implant and hearing aid in opposite ears on speech-perception and localization tests. Twelve individuals who wore a cochlear implant and a hearing aid on contralateral ears were tested on their abilities to understand words in quiet and sentences in noise, and to localize everyday sounds. All speech stimuli were presented from the front, with the noise stimuli presented from the front, the right, or the left at a 90 degrees angle. Binaural summation in quiet and in noise, binaural squelch effects, and localization were studied to determine bilateral advantages. The magnitude of the monaural head shadow effect (the difference in unilateral performance when noise was facing the unilateral device vs. when the noise was opposite the unilateral device) also was studied. The test setup for localization was composed of an 8-speaker array spanning an arc of approximately 108 degrees in front of each participant. Group results yielded a statistically significant combined benefit of wearing a hearing aid in conjunction with a cochlear implant on opposite ears in noise conditions. Those participants who received a binaural advantage in 1 condition did not necessarily show a binaural advantage in another. Only 2 participants out of 12 were able to localize when wearing 2 devices. Further efforts are required to improve the integration of information from combined use of cochlear implant and hearing aid devices for enhancement of speech perception in noise and localization.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Hearing Aids', 'Hearing Loss', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sound Localization', 'Speech Perception', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,197,280
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['E05.320'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.071.869', 'G07.888.125.869'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Radixin is involved in lamellipodial stability during nerve growth cone motility.
|
Immunocytochemistry and in vitro studies have suggested that the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) protein, radixin, may have a role in nerve growth cone motility. We tested the in situ role of radixin in chick dorsal root ganglion growth cones by observing the effects of its localized and acute inactivation. Microscale chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (micro-CALI) of radixin in growth cones causes a 30% reduction of lamellipodial area within the irradiated region whereas all control treatments did not affect lamellipodia. Micro-CALI of radixin targeted to the middle of the leading edge often split growth cones to form two smaller growth cones during continued forward movement (>80%). These findings suggest a critical role for radixin in growth cone lamellipodia that is similar to ezrin function in pseudopodia of transformed fibroblasts. They are consistent with radixin linking actin filaments to each other or to the membrane during motility.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Blood Proteins', 'Cell Movement', 'Chick Embryo', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Growth Cones', 'Lasers', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Biology', 'Neurites']
| 10,233,159
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['D12.776.124'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D12.776.220'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['A11.284.180.075.249', 'A11.284.180.225.340', 'A11.284.180.610.345', 'A11.671.137.340', 'A11.671.240.340'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['D12.776.543'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of cardiac stem cells on left-ventricular remodeling in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction.
|
BACKGROUND: Regenerative medicine, including cell therapy, is a promising strategy for recovery of the damaged myocardium. C-kit-positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to improve myocardial function after ischemic injury in animal models and in early clinical experience. We used a chronic large animal model of myocardial infarction with substantial reductions in left-ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and adverse remodeling to examine the effect of late autologous CSC intramyocardial injection on long-term cardiac structure and function.METHODS AND RESULTS: Thoracotomy and ligation of the proximal left anterior descending artery, additional diagonal branches, and atrial biopsy for CSC culture were performed in canines. Baseline cardiac MRI was performed at 6 weeks postinfarct followed by repeat thoracotomy for randomization to intramyocardial injection of CSCs (n=13) or vehicle alone (n=6). At 30 weeks postmyocardial infarction, repeat MRI was performed. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank-sum tests). In control animals, LV end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume increased from 6 to 30 weeks (median and interquartile range, 51.3 mL [43.3-57.4] to 76.1 mL [72.0-82.4]; P=0.03 and 78.5 mL [69.7-86.1] to 99.2 mL [97.1-100.4]; P=0.03). Left-ventricular ejection fraction declined further (35.2% [27.9-38.7] to 26.4% [22.0-31.0]; P=0.12). In the cell-treated animals, this late adverse LV remodeling was attenuated (LV end-systolic volume, 42.6 mL [38.5-50.5] to 56.1 mL [50.3-63.0]; P=0.01 versus control). There was a nonsignificant attenuation in the increase in LV end-diastolic volume (64.8 mL [60.7-71.3] to 83.5 mL [74.7-90.8]; P=0.14 versus control) and LV ejection fraction change over time differed (30.5% [28.4-33.4] to 32.9% [28.6-36.9]; P=0.04 versus control).CONCLUSIONS: Intramyocardial injection of autologous CSCs in a late phase model of chronic infarction resulted in less increase in LV end-systolic volume and preservation of LV ejection fraction.
|
['Animals', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Recovery of Function', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 23,212,553
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G16.757'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn) on level and function of natural killer cells in cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy.
|
Cervical cancer patients have a defective immune system. There is a decrease of total white blood cell count including lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells, one type of lymphocytes, play a role to eliminate cancer cells by antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. Previous studies have shown that P-glycoprotein (170 kDa, transmembrane protein) may be a transporter for cytokine releasing in ADCC mechanism. This study proposed to explore the role of bitter melon intake in cervical cancer patients undergoing normal treatment (radiotherapy). Subjects were divided into three groups: 1) normal control (women 35-55 years, n = 35), 2) patient control (n = 30) and 3) patient treatment (n = 30) groups. Patient control and patient treatment groups were cervical cancer patients (stage II or III) treated with radiotherapy (without or with bitter melon ingestion). Blood samples of patient control and patient treatment groups were analyzed for NK cells percentage and P-glycoprotein level. Bitter melon is a Thai herb. Previous studies have shown that bitter melon can stimulate lymphocyte activity in vitro and in vivo (mouse). The authors hope that bitter melon could stimulate the increase of NK cells percentage and P-glycoprotein level on the membrane in blood samples from cervical cancer patients who ingest bitter melon. The results showed an increased percentage of NK cells in patient control and patient treatment groups. The increase in each group is significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the percentage of NK cells from second and third blood sampling time (after radiation with of without bitter melon intake for 45 and 90 days) with first blood sampling time (before treatment). The results also show a significant decrease of P-glycoprotein level (p < 0.05) in second and third blood sampling times when compared with first blood sampling time of the patient treatment group. There was no significant difference of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) level from first, second and third blood sampling times in patient control group. Bitter melon ingestion did not affect NK cell level but it affected the decrease of P-gp level on NK cell membrane.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Adult', 'Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Phytotherapy', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Reference Values', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 12,678,140
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G12.287.070'], ['E02.186'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.190.755'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Magnetic coupling between water and creatine protons in human brain and skeletal muscle, as measured using inversion transfer (1)H-MRS.
|
Using the inversion transfer technique, the possible magnetic coupling between water protons and the protons of low-molecular weight metabolites was investigated in human brain and skeletal muscle at 1.5 T. The localized (1)H-MR spectra were recorded at different times after selective inversion of the water resonance. Water inversion led to a significant transient reduction in the signal intensity of the methyl protons of creatine/phosphocreatine, in both tissues. This is indicative of magnetic coupling between the protons of water and those of creatine/phosphocreatine. Neither the choline and N-acetylaspartate protons in brain nor the protons of the trimethylammonium pool in skeletal muscle showed a significant magnetic coupling to mobile water.
|
['Brain Chemistry', 'Creatine', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Protons', 'Water']
| 11,252,034
|
[['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in self-stimulation at stimulation-bound eating and drinking sites in the lateral hypothalamus during food or water deprivation, glucoprivation, and intracellular or extracellular dehydration.
|
These studies were designed to examine the effects of "hunger" induced by food deprivation, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (200 mg/kg), or insulin (2 U/kg) and "thirst" induced by water deprivation, sodium chloride (4 M), or polyethylene glycol (5 ml of 30% w/w) on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in 40 male Long-Evans rats. Changes in self-stimulation were evaluated at electrodes that produced stimulation-bound eating and/or drinking or neither behavior. Daily 30-min test sessions consisted of three 5-min periods of self-stimulation alternated with three 5-min periods when bar presses resulted in a 5-s time-out from experimenter-delivered stimulation (stimulation escape). Food deprivation significantly increased self-stimulation; insulin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and sodium chloride significantly suppressed self-stimulation; water deprivation mildly inhibited self-stimulation; and polyethylene glycol had no effect. This pattern of findings was noted at electrodes that did and those that did not elicit eating and/or drinking. These findings argue against the hypothesis that the magnitude of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation is differentially and predictably controlled by specific drive mechanisms indexed by the consummatory behaviors also elicited by the stimulation.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Drinking Behavior', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Food Deprivation', 'Hunger', 'Hypothalamic Area, Lateral', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Self Stimulation', 'Thirst', 'Water Deprivation', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 3,964,424
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F01.145.317'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F01.658.433'], ['F01.658.293.391', 'G07.203.650.390', 'G10.261.390'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.300', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F01.145.775', 'F02.830.784'], ['F01.658.293.787'], ['F01.658.938'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aggregation state-dependent activation of the classical complement pathway by the amyloid beta peptide.
|
Activation of the classical complement pathway has been widely investigated in recent years as a potential mechanism for the neuronal loss and neuritic dystrophy characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. We have previously shown that amyloid beta peptide (A beta) is a potent activator of complement, and recent evidence suggesting that the assembly state of A beta is crucial to the progress of the disease prompted efforts to determine whether the ability of A beta to activate the classical complement pathway is a function of the aggregation state of the peptide. In this report, we show that the fibrillar aggregation state of A beta, as determined by thioflavin T fluorometry, electron microscopy, and staining with Congo red and thioflavine S, is precisely correlated with the ability of the peptide to induce the formation of activated fragments of the complement proteins C4 and C3. These results suggest that the classical complement pathway provides a mechanism whereby complement-dependent processes may contribute to neuronal injury in the proximity of fibrillar but not diffuse A beta deposits in the AD brain.
|
['Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Benzothiazoles', 'Coloring Agents', 'Complement Activation', 'Congo Red', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Thiazoles']
| 9,202,333
|
[['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['D03.383.129.708.089', 'D03.633.100.185'], ['D27.720.233'], ['G12.274'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.300', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.250', 'D04.615.638.555.300'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern in predicting outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combined effect of endometrial thickness and pattern on clinical outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET).METHODS: Cycles of IVF/ICSI-ET conducted between January 2003 and December 2008 at a university-based reproductive center were reviewed retrospectively. Endometrial ultrasonographic characteristics were recorded on the day of hCG administration. In the combined analysis, endometrial thickness groups (group 1: equal or <7 mm; group 2: 7-14 mm; group 3: >14 mm) were subdivided into two endometrial patterns (pattern A: triple-line; pattern B: no-triple line). Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and early miscarriage rate in different groups were analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 2896 cycles were reviewed. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was 24.4% in group 1-A. There were no second trimester pregnancies in group 1-B. Miscarriage rate in group 2-A was significantly lower compared to group 2-B (P < 0.01), although CPR did not show any significant differences between the groups. A no-triple line endometrial pattern with moderate endometrial thickness (7-14 mm) had a detrimental effect on pregnancy outcome, but not the occurrence of pregnancy. In group 3, there was no difference in CPR and miscarriage rates between the two patterns; adequate endometrial thickness (>14 mm) seemed to mitigate the detrimental impact (high miscarriage rate) of pattern B.CONCLUSION: Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern on the day of hCG administration was a better predictor of the outcome of IVF/ICSI-ET and may be more helpful for patient counseling than the separate analyses.
|
['Adult', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Menstrual Cycle', 'Organ Size', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 20,334,664
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['G08.686.605'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of Swirl Sign and Black Hole Sign in Predicting Early Hematoma Growth in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
|
BACKGROUND Early hematoma growth is associated with poor outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The swirl sign (SS) and the black hole sign (BHS) are imaging markers in ICH patients. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of these 2 signs for early hematoma growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS ICH patients were screened for the appearance of the 2 signs within 6 h after onset of symptoms. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the 2 signs in predicting early hematoma growth were assessed. The accuracy of the 2 signs in predicting early hematoma growth was analyzed by receiver-operator analysis. RESULTS A total of 200 patients were enrolled in this study. BHS was found in 30 (15%) patients, and SS was found in 70 (35%) patients. Of the 71 patients with early hematoma growth, BHS was found on initial computed tomography scans in 24 (33.8%) and SS in 33 (46.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of BHS for predicting early hematoma growth were 33.8%, 95.3%, 80.0%, and 72.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SS were 46.5%, 71.3%, 47.0%, and 71.0%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.646 for BHS and 0.589 for SS (P=0.08). Multivariate logistic regression showed that presence of BHS is an independent predictor of early hematoma growth. CONCLUSIONS The Black hole sign seems to be good predictor for hematoma growth. The presence of swirl sign on admission CT does not independently predict hematoma growth in patients with ICH.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'ROC Curve', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 29,375,118
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fabrication of Poly(å
|
Biomaterial properties and controlled architecture of scaffolds are essential features to provide an adequate biological and mechanical support for tissue regeneration, mimicking the ingrowth tissues. In this study, a bioextrusion system was used to produce 3D biodegradable scaffolds with controlled architecture, comprising three types of constructs: (i) poly(å-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix as reference; (ii) PCL-based matrix reinforced with cellulose nanofibers (CNF); and (iii) PCL-based matrix reinforced with CNF and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANP). The effect of the addition and/or combination of CNF and HANP into the polymeric matrix of PCL was investigated, with the effects of the biomaterial composition on the constructs (morphological, thermal, and mechanical performances) being analysed. Scaffolds were produced using a single lay-down pattern of 0/90°, with the same processing parameters among all constructs being assured. The performed morphological analyses showed a satisfactory distribution of CNF within the polymer matrix and high reliability was obtained among the produced scaffolds. Significant effects on surface wettability and thermal properties were observed, among scaffolds. Regarding the mechanical properties, higher scaffold stiffness in the reinforced scaffolds was obtained. Results from the cytotoxicity assay suggest that all the composite scaffolds presented good biocompatibility. The results of this first study on cellulose and hydroxyapatite reinforced constructs with controlled architecture clearly demonstrate the potential of these 3D composite constructs for cell cultivation with enhanced mechanical properties.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Cellulose', 'Crystallization', 'Durapatite', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Nanofibers', 'Nanoparticles', 'Polyesters', 'Polymers', 'Regeneration', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature', 'Thermogravimetry', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Wettability']
| 27,872,844
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['J01.637.512.300'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G16.762'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.904'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['G02.409.500', 'G02.860.908']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Vitamin D₃ Status and the Association with Human Cathelicidin Expression in Patients with Different Clinical Forms of Active Tuberculosis.
|
Low vitamin D (vitD₃) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world known to be associated with numerous medical conditions including infections such as tuberculosis (TB). In this study, vitD₃ status and its association with the antimicrobial peptide, human cathelicidin (LL-37), was investigated in Ethiopian patients with different clinical forms of TB. Patients with active TB (n = 77) and non-TB controls (n = 78) were enrolled in Ethiopia, while another group of non-TB controls (n = 62) was from Sweden. Active TB included pulmonary TB (n = 32), pleural TB (n = 20), and lymph node TB (n = 25). Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃) were assessed in plasma, while LL-37 mRNA was measured in peripheral blood and in samples obtained from the site of infection. Median 25(OH)D₃ plasma levels in active TB patients were similar to Ethiopian non-TB controls (38.5 versus 35.0 nmol/L) and vitD₃ deficiency (.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Biomarkers', 'Calcifediol', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cathelicidins', 'Ethiopia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sweden', 'Tuberculosis, Lymph Node', 'Tuberculosis, Pleural', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'Vitamin D Deficiency', 'Young Adult']
| 29,867,045
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['D23.101'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.644.050.099', 'D12.776.543.695.054.099'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.719'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.877', 'C01.748.912', 'C08.528.928', 'C08.730.912'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adenovirus E1A antagonizes both negative and positive growth signals elicited by transforming growth factor beta 1.
|
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is a cytokine capable of inhibiting or stimulating cell growth, depending on the nature of the target cell. Inhibition of cell growth by TGF beta 1 is thought to be mediated by TGF beta 1-induced changes in the expression and activity of cell cycle regulatory proteins like cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 and cdk4. Here we show that adenovirus E1A blocks growth inhibition by TGF beta 1. The activity of cdk2 was strongly inhibited by TGF beta 1 in control cells but not in E1A-expressing cells. Similarly, an early event in TGF beta 1 signaling, junB induction, was significantly reduced in E1A-expressing cells. E1A also interferes with growth stimulation of NRK cells by TGF beta 1, both in monolayer and in soft agar. In these cells, E1A also interferes with junB induction by TGF beta 1. Moreover, E1A abrogates TGF beta 1-induced production of an autocrine-acting platelet-derived growth factor-like activity. These results show that E1A can interfere with TGF beta 1-induced growth-inhibiting as well as growth-promoting signals.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Adenovirus E1A Proteins', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'CDC2-CDC28 Kinases', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 7,647,036
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['D12.776.460.050.100', 'D12.776.624.664.520.045.050.100', 'D12.776.930.100', 'D12.776.964.700.045.050.100', 'D23.050.285.062.045', 'D23.050.327.062.045'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067', 'D12.776.167.200.067', 'D12.776.476.250.067'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305.255', 'E07.206.255'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.750', 'D12.644.360.250.323', 'D12.776.167.200.323', 'D12.776.476.250.323'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.875', 'D12.644.360.250.451', 'D12.776.167.200.451', 'D12.776.476.250.451'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed Annulations of 2-Alkenylphenols with CO: Mild Access to Coumarin Derivatives.
|
Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed annulations of 2-alkenylphenols with CO for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives have been developed. The reaction features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted, suggesting that C-H activation is the turnover limiting step. Furthermore, the efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by the rapid total synthesis of three natural products herniarin, xanthyletin, and seselin.
|
['Alkenes', 'Biological Products', 'Catalysis', 'Cobalt', 'Coumarins', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phenols', 'Umbelliferones']
| 26,451,846
|
[['D02.455.326.271'], ['D20.215'], ['G02.130'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.912', 'D03.633.100.150.446.912']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Withdrawal seizures in alcoholics. A transverse and longitudinal investigation.
|
74 heavy drinkers, divided in two groups by positive or negative history for withdrawal seizures, were evaluated on the history, clinical, biochemical, CT, EEG and psychometric investigations. Some of them have been followed up for 20 months. The results suggest the possible role of a constitutional predisposition for withdrawal seizures.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium', 'Atrophy', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychoses, Alcoholic', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 6,618,856
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.720.112.200', 'C25.723.705.150.200', 'C25.775.100.087.193.200', 'C25.775.835.250', 'F03.900.100.100', 'F03.900.825.500'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C25.723.809.750', 'C25.775.100.087.750', 'F03.700.675.600.750', 'F03.900.100.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Who is performing percutaneous tracheotomies? Practice patterns of surgeons in the USA.
|
Tracheotomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the ICU setting. Traditionally tracheotomy has been performed by otolaryngologists as well as general surgeons. While percutaneous tracheotomy (PT) has been available for some time, it has only recently gained widespread acceptance with the advent of convenient and safe kits. Over the past decade, there has been increased utilization of this technique. However, there is a relative reluctance of certain surgical specialties to perform and train residents in PT; a previous study identified that only 29% of otolaryngology head and neck surgery (OTO-HNS) departments in the USA perform PT. In this study we aim to investigate the trends of PT usage in general surgery training programs and compare them to those previously described in otolaryngology programs. The study design is multi-institution physician survey and the study method was a survey of 250 general surgery program directors. This survey was identical to a published survey of OTO-HNS and a head-to-head comparison of results was performed. The response rate was 53% (133 programs). 89% of general surgery programs performed open tracheotomy on a regular basis. 75% performed percutaneous tracheotomy on a regular basis. 79% use the Ciaglia Blue Rhino method. Simultaneous video bronchoscopy was used by 67%. 83% of general surgery residency programs train their residents in PT. 61% felt that PT was either safer than or equal to open tracheotomy. PT is performed in a majority of general surgery residency programs and taught to their trainees. This is in contrast to otolaryngology residency programs, which have been shown to prefer open tracheotomies in both practice and teaching. This trend may severely impact the skills of the next generation of otolaryngologists.
|
['Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Otolaryngology', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tracheotomy', 'United States']
| 20,976,463
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.810.526'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E04.580.907', 'E04.928.790'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Nafarelin acetate: a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the treatment of endometriosis.
|
Nafarelin acetate is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist proven as effective as danazol in treating endometriosis. Its proposed mechanism of action is the desensitization of pituitary GnRH receptors leading to a decrease in gonadotropin release, and ovarian hormone serum concentrations similar to those achieved in postmenopausal women. Nafarelin decreases or ablates the physical symptoms associated with endometriosis, and pregnancy rates following therapy with this drug are comparable to rates observed after danazol therapy. Nafarelin is administered by nasal inhalation and has been generally well tolerated. It is associated with a high incidence of adverse effects but they are rarely severe enough to cause withdrawal from treatment, and those occurring most frequently--hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and decreased libido--are a consequence of the hypoestrogenemia induced by the drug. Increased bone turnover occurs in women on nafarelin but biochemical parameters return to pretreatment concentrations by six months after termination of treatment. This agent's place in the therapy of endometriosis will be determined as clinical experience accumulates.
|
['Danazol', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endometriosis', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hypothalamus', 'Nafarelin']
| 2,151,003
|
[['D04.210.500.745.432.235'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C13.351.500.163'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320.580', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320.580', 'D12.644.456.460.600', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320.580', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320.580']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nurses' perceptions of patient rounding.
|
OBJECTIVE: This descriptive pilot study explored hospital staff nurses' perceptions toward the practice of patient rounding.BACKGROUND: Rounding has re-emerged as a standard practice initiative among nurses in hospitals and has been associated with a decrease in call lights and falls, increased patient satisfaction and safety, and quieter nursing units. Regardless of these outcomes, controversy exists among nurses regarding rounding.METHODS: The Nurses' Perception of Patient Rounding Scale (K. Neville, unpublished manuscript, 2010) was developed to gain an understanding of nurses' perceptions of rounding.RESULTS: Nurses identified rounding as valuable and perceived hourly rounding to be beneficial to patients and families but significantly less beneficial to their own professional practice. Challenges to rounding as a practice include issues of documentation, patient ratios, and skill mix.CONCLUSION: Findings support the need for further research to address the challenges of patient rounding for nursing.
|
['Hospital Communication Systems', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', "Nurse's Role", 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nursing Care', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Pilot Projects', 'Safety Management', 'Self Efficacy']
| 25,734,930
|
[['N02.278.216.500.937', 'N04.452.442.452.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['E02.760.611', 'N02.421.533'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['F01.752.747.792.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Vascular response to radiation injury in the rat lung.
|
Changes in relative left-to-right lung blood flow ratios were followed as an index of vascular radiation injury in left-hemithorax-irradiated Sprague-Dawley rats. Single doses of 11 to 21 Gy gamma radiation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in relative blood flow to the irradiated lung from 3 to 5 weeks after exposure during the development of pneumonitis. Blood flow returned to near normal by 5 weeks after lower doses (11-13.5 Gy). After a single dose of 15 Gy the left-to-right blood flow ratio recovered to 75% of normal at 12 weeks and leveled off. Following 18 Gy irradiation a second period of reduced flow began 16 weeks after exposure. After 21 Gy irradiation flow to the irradiated side remained low for 1 year after exposure. Rats that received a single dose of 18 Gy to the left hemithorax were also treated with one or two of the following drugs: captopril, cyproheptadine, dexamethasone, diethylcarbamazine, penicillamine, or theophylline. Dexamethasone was most effective at preventing the decrease in blood flow to the irradiated lung when treatment was continued through the pneumonitis period and dose was not tapered until 8 weeks after radiation exposure. All other drugs and drug combinations were, for the most part, virtually ineffective after the pneumonitis period. There was a relatively poor correlation with earlier vascular permeability surface area product studies. This suggests that endothelial damage, as well as damage to other cell types, contributes to the development of post-irradiation fibrosis in the lung.
|
['Animals', 'Captopril', 'Cesium Radioisotopes', 'Cyproheptadine', 'Dexamethasone', 'Diethylcarbamazine', 'Gamma Rays', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Penicillamine', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Radiation Injuries, Experimental', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Theophylline']
| 1,734,443
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['D01.268.549.125.500.300', 'D01.268.556.165.500.300', 'D01.496.180.300', 'D01.496.749.190', 'D01.552.528.160.500.300', 'D01.552.544.165.500.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.340', 'D03.383.621.160', 'D04.615.181.384.340'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D02.241.081.251.240', 'D03.383.606.380'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['A04.411'], ['D02.886.030.786', 'D12.125.166.786'], ['G09.330.100.770', 'G09.772.593'], ['C26.733.720', 'E05.598.500.750', 'G01.750.748.500.720', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500.285', 'N06.850.810.300.360.285'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Foraminal, epidural and intravertebral migration of a calcified degenerated intervertebral disk].
|
The authors report a case of inflammatory back pain associated with radiculopathy secondary to degenerative disk calcifications migrated within the foramen, epidural space and vertebral body. The purpose of this clinical case is to illustrate this uncommon cause of radiculopathy and avoid unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
|
['Back Pain', 'Calcinosis', 'Epidural Space', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Radiculopathy', 'Spinal Canal', 'Spondylitis', 'Thoracic Vertebrae', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 16,269,987
|
[['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['A02.835.232.834.803.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.165.308.410', 'A02.835.232.834.432', 'A10.165.382.350.050'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C10.668.829.820'], ['A02.835.232.834.803'], ['C01.160.762', 'C05.116.165.762', 'C05.116.900.853'], ['A02.835.232.834.892'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sexual Dimorphism of Immune Responses: A New Perspective in Cancer Immunotherapy.
|
Nowadays, several types of tumors can benefit from the new frontier of immunotherapy, due to the recent increasing knowledge of the role of the immune system in cancer control. Among the new therapeutic strategies, there is the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), able to restore an efficacious antitumor immunity and significantly prolong the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the impressive efficacy of these agents in some patients, treatment failure and resistance are frequently observed. In this regard, the signaling governed by IFN type I (IFN-I) has emerged as pivotal in orchestrating host defense. This pathway displays different activation between sexes, thus potentially contributing to sexual dimorphic differences in the immune responses to immunotherapy. This perspective article aims to critically consider the immune signals, with particular attention to IFN-I, that may differently affect female and male antitumor responses upon immunotherapy.
|
['Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Neoplasms', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 29,619,026
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C04'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Study of an MPTP-induced parkinsonian animal model in the rhesus monkey and the mechanism of the action of MPTP].
|
In this paper are presented the data of the use of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to create a parkinsonian animal model in rhesus monkey. We studied the mechanism of the action of MPTP through testing monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, deprenyl and L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) against the neurotoxicity of MPTP. The results indicated that: (1) the use of MPTP can establish a useful parkinsonian animal model in rhesus monkey; (2) pretreatment with deprenyl can effectively prevent the neurotoxicity of MPTP; and (3) whether PLG can prevent or alleviate the neurotoxicity of MPTP requires further study.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'MPTP Poisoning', 'MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Parkinson Disease, Secondary', 'Selegiline']
| 1,971,785
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.800.300', 'C10.228.662.600.700.250', 'C10.720.606', 'C25.723.705.400'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.500', 'D12.644.400.400.700.500', 'D12.644.548.365.700.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.800', 'C10.228.662.600.700'], ['D02.092.471.683.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Step up to the step-down method.
|
CFOs can use the Medicare cost report step-down method to allocate costs by service line and then develop an income matrix. With an income matrix and tiered expenses by service areas, CFOs can direct corrective action to improve financial performance. The cost data derived from the step-down method can also be used to set prices and to negotiate third-party contracts.
|
['Accounting', 'Cost Allocation', 'Financial Management, Hospital', 'Medicare', 'United States']
| 16,711,524
|
[['N03.219.463.030'], ['N03.219.151.080'], ['N02.278.216.500.875', 'N03.219.463.280', 'N04.452.442.452.180'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Subtropical adaptation of a temperate plant (Brassica oleracea var. italica) utilizes non-vernalization-responsive QTLs.
|
While many tropical plants have been adapted to temperate cultivation, few temperate plants have been adapted to the tropics. Originating in Western Europe, Brassica oleracea vernalization requires a period of low temperature and BoFLC2 regulates the transition to floral development. In B. oleracea germplasm selected in Taiwan, a non-vernalization pathway involving BoFLC3 rather than BoFLC2 regulates curd induction. In 112 subtropical breeding lines, specific haplotype combinations of BoFLC3 and PAN (involved in floral organ identity and a positional candidate for additional curd induction variation) adapt B. oleracea to high ambient temperature and short daylength. Duplicated genes permitted evolution of alternative pathways for control of flowering in temperate and tropical environments, a principle that might be utilized via natural or engineered approaches in other plants. New insight into regulation of Brassica flowering exemplifies translational agriculture, tapping knowledge of botanical models to improve food security under projected climate change scenarios.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Brassica', 'Climate Change', 'Cold Temperature', 'Europe', 'Flowers', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Duplicate', 'Haplotypes', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Taiwan', 'Tropical Climate']
| 30,206,285
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['Z01.542'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.250'], ['G05.380.360'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['G16.500.275.071.600', 'N06.230.300.100.250.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Familial impact of imprisonment and the community specialist practitioner.
|
This paper examines the impact of imprisonment upon family members and illuminates the effects of imprisonment upon family health and wellbeing, the affect of shame and stigma and the lack of formal health and social welfare provision available to this distinct marginalised group. The dilemmas generated by the transition faced by families when someone receives a custodial sentence are significant and include physical and emotional loss, loss of social mobility and income stability, stigmatisation, stress and anxiety. The health visitor has a significant role to play in assessing and assisting families to acknowledge and meet the needs of this marginalised group within society. Research to inform practice is limited, and typically the research that is available is of poor quality, dated and has limited application to the UK. This paper provides a number of recommendations for community specialist practitioners and highlights the need for further research in this subject.
|
['Attitude to Health', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Cost of Illness', 'Family', 'Family Health', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Life Change Events', 'Nurse Clinicians', "Nurse's Role", 'Prisoners', 'Prisons', 'Self Care', 'Shame', 'Social Support', 'Stereotyping', 'Stress, Psychological', 'United Kingdom']
| 21,049,752
|
[['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['N01.400.300'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['M01.526.485.650.648.525', 'N02.360.650.648.525'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['M01.729'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['F01.470.483.666'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.100.920', 'F01.145.813.854'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cortical lesions interfere with behavioral recovery from unilateral substantia nigra lesions induced by brain grafts.
|
Effects of aspiration lesions of the cerebral cortex on the behavioral effects of intraventricular substantia nigra grafts were investigated. Apomorphine-induced rotational behavior consequent to unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra was used as a behavioral measure. Substantia nigra grafts reduced rotational behavior in animals with sham cortical lesions. Cortical lesions also decreased rotational behavior and, in these animals, no additional decrease in rotational behavior was induced by substantia nigra grafts. It is concluded that cortical lesions alter striatal circuitry so as to preclude a behavioral effect of substantia nigra grafts.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Dopamine', 'Male', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stereotyped Behavior', 'Substantia Nigra']
| 2,713,080
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['F01.145.896'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A spherical source model for the thermal pulse decay method of measuring blood perfusion: a sensitivity analysis.
|
The thermal pulse-decay method, as developed and analyzed by Chen et al. [1-6], is a thermal clearance technique that uses a small thermistor probe for determining the blood perfusion and thermal conductivity of the tissue immediately surrounding the probe. They described the energy transfer of the probe/tissue system mathematically with a simple analytical model, the point source model, which assumes that the heating source is infinitely small. This paper introduces a new, more accurate analytical description that assumes the heating source is spherically symmetric with a finite radius. A numerical study of these two alternative mathematical models is presented in which the solutions of each model are compared to transient temperature decay data generated from a detailed finite difference simulation of the probe/tissue system. The accuracy and sensitivity of the predictions of each of these models to variations in tissue thermal conductivity and perfusion, probe characteristics, and heating time are presented. In all cases, the accuracy of the spherical source model was better than the point source model. It is also shown that the spherical source model can accurately predict low rates of perfusion (on the order of 1 kg/m3 s) unlike the point source model. The spherical source model allows for the possibility of the measurement probes to be calibrated for an "effective bead radius" which accounts for the nonideal characteristics of the probe, thereby giving even more accurate determinations of perfusion.
|
['Blood Circulation', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Thermal Conductivity']
| 2,747,234
|
[['G09.330.100'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G01.906.730']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hyperglycemia-Induced Modulation of the Physiognomy and Angiogenic Potential of Fibroblasts Mediated by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2: Implications for Venous Stenosis Formation Associated with Hemodialysis Vascular Access in Diabetic Milieu.
|
PURPOSE: It is hypothesized that venous stenosis formation associated with hemodialysis vascular-access failure is caused by hypoxia-mediated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation accompanied by proliferation and migration, and that diabetic patients have worse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the functional and gene expression outcomes of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2) silencing in fibroblasts cultured under hyperglycemia and euglycemia with hypoxic and normoxic stimuli.MATERIALS AND METHODS: AKR-2B fibroblasts were stably transduced using lentivirus-mediated shRNA-Mmp-2 or scrambled controls and subjected to hypoxia or normoxia under hyperglycemic or euglycemic conditions for 24 and 72 h. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A), Vegfr-1, Mmp-2, Mmp-9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (Timps) were determined by RT-PCR. Collagen I and IV secretion and cellular proliferation and migration were determined.RESULTS: Under hyperglycemic conditions, there is a significant reduction in the average gene expression of Vegf-A and Mmp-9, with an increase in Timp-1 at 24 h of hypoxia (p < 0.05) in Mmp-2-silenced fibroblasts when compared to controls. In addition, there is a decrease in collagen I and IV secretion and cellular migration. The euglycemic cells were able to reverse these findings.CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the rationale for using anti-Mmp-2 therapy in dialysis patients with hemodialysis vascular access in helping to reduce stenosis formation.
|
['Animals', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Collagen Type I', 'Collagen Type IV', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glucose', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Mice', 'Myofibroblasts', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'RNA Interference', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases', 'Transfection', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1']
| 26,985,676
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.035.087', 'E04.100.814.868.249'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D12.776.860.300.250.400.100'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.329.228.975', 'A11.620.520.500'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.645.875'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.100', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of antioxidant treatment on bond strength of a luting resin to bleached enamel.
|
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the effect of antioxidant treatment and delayed bonding after bleaching with carbamide peroxide on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a luting resin to enamel.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty flat enamel surfaces were prepared from freshly extracted human molars using a low speed diamond saw, then divided into three bleaching groups (n=10/group) and a control group (n=10). Group 1 consisted of specimens bonded immediately after bleaching. Group 2 specimens were treated with an antioxidant agent, 10% sodium ascorbate, while Group 3 specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 1 week after bleaching. Specimens in Group 4 were not bleached, but immersed in artificial saliva for 1 week before bonding. Forty ceramic blocks (Empress 2, Ivoclar) were prepared and luted to teeth using a dual-curing resin cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar). The specimens were thermocycled and the SBS tests were performed using a universal testing machine (crosshead speed: 0.5mm/min). Fracture analysis of the bonded surfaces was done using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was carried out by Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.RESULTS: While the samples that were immediately bonded after bleaching (Group I) demonstrated significantly lower shear bond strengths and 10% sodium ascorbate group (Group II) demonstrated significantly higher bond strengths than control group samples (p<0.05), no significant differences were found among delayed bonded group and control group (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Using sodium ascorbate with a concentration of 10% may be reliable for reversing the compromised bond strength.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Carbamide Peroxide', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Cements', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Drug Combinations', 'Humans', 'Molar, Third', 'Peroxides', 'Random Allocation', 'Resin Cements', 'Saliva, Artificial', 'Shear Strength', 'Tooth Bleaching', 'Urea']
| 18,579,282
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.318', 'D01.339.431.374.318', 'D01.650.550.750.300', 'D02.065.950.278', 'D02.389.338.154'], ['E06.095'], ['D25.339.291', 'J01.637.051.339.291'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['E06.308'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A14.549.167.860.525.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['D25.583.820', 'J01.637.051.583.820'], ['G01.374.820'], ['E06.420.750'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ambient glucose and aldose reductase-induced myo-inositol depletion modulate basal and carbachol-stimulated inositol phospholipid metabolism and diacylglycerol accumulation in human retinal pigment epithelial cells in culture.
|
Physiological hyperglycemia has been speculated to alter phosphoinositide (PPI; inositol phospholipid) signal transduction in cells prone to diabetic complications by two separate mass-action mechanisms with antiparallel putative effects on diacylglycerol (DAG): (i) sorbitol-induced depletion of myo-inositol leads to diminished PPI synthesis and turnover and DAG release, and (ii) elevated glucose-derived DAG precursors enhance de novo DAG synthesis. Because the first mechanism is mediated by aldose reductase (AR2), which converts glucose to sorbitol, the effects of glucose on basal and stimulated PPI signaling were explored in lines of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells differing widely in their basal AR2 gene expression and enzymatic activity. The results suggest that the effects of glucose on PPI signaling vary inversely with the level of AR2 activity and parallel the extent of AR2-induced myo-inositol depletion.
|
['Aldehyde Reductase', 'CDP-Diacylglycerol-Inositol 3-Phosphatidyltransferase', 'Carbachol', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diglycerides', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inositol', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Sorbitol', 'Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)']
| 8,415,767
|
[['D08.811.682.047.150.700.156.500', 'D08.811.682.047.820.284.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.900.074'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.351.303'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.033.800.519', 'D09.853.519'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640'], ['D02.033.800.813', 'D09.853.813'], ['D08.811.913.696.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biomaterial-dependent blood activation during simulated extracorporeal circulation: a study of heparin-coated and uncoated circuits.
|
OBJECTIVE: Blood activation during extracorporeal circulation is associated with morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. This activation can be diminished by usage of heparin-coated circuits. Nitric oxide has also been reported to influence humoral and cellular components of blood. This study was performed to determine biomaterial-dependent part of blood activation.DESIGN: Fresh, whole human blood mixed with Ringer's solution was circulated through a heart-lung machine for two and half hours. Five circuits were heparin-coated (group HC), whilst five other circuits were uncoated (group NC). During the last half hour NO was added to the oxygen/air mixture.METHODS: Blood activation was estimated by measuring following parameters: interluekin 6, complement activation products C3a and terminal complement complex, and oxygen free radicals (OFR) production capacity, which was determined using chemiluminescence enhanced by serum opsonized zymosan (SOZ) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Granulocyte activation was measured as release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL).RESULTS: OFR in granulocyte suspension stimulated by SOZ and PMA were significantly lower in the NC group, mostly later during ECC. Similarly, lower neutrophil and monocyte counts were observed in this group. NO increased superoxide production in the whole blood in heparin-coated circuits, but did not change OFR in isolated granulocytes. MPO was also affected by heparin-coating. NO supply seemed to increase release of MPO and HNL. It is concluded that heparin-coating contributed to reduction of biomaterial-dependent blood activation. An addition of NO at late stage of ECC tended to influence this activation.
|
['Adult', 'Anticoagulants', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Complement Activation', 'Extracorporeal Circulation', 'Free Radicals', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 9,477,462
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['G12.274'], ['E04.292'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cyclic AMP mediates a presynaptic form of LTP at cerebellar parallel fiber synapses.
|
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-independent form of long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses requires presynaptic Ca(2+)-dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase. To determine whether this form of LTP might occur at other synapses, we examined cerebellar parallel fibers that, like hippocampal mossy fiber synapses, express high levels of the Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase I. Repetitive stimulation of parallel fibers caused a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength that was associated with a decrease in paired-pulse facilitation. Blockade of glutamate receptors did not prevent LTP induction, nor did loading of Purkinje cells with a Ca2+ chelator. LTP was occluded by forskolin-induced potentiation and blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS. These findings suggest that parallel fiber synapses express a form of LTP that is dependent on the activation of a presynaptic adenylyl cyclase and is indistinguishable from LTP at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calmodulin', 'Cerebellum', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Rats', 'Synapses', 'Thionucleotides']
| 8,607,997
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Donating and selling used medical equipment. International Medical Device Group.
|
This position paper was issued by the International Medical Device Group (IMDG) in June 1992. The group includes representatives from Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. ECRI is the United States representative and a founding member of IMDG.
|
['Commerce', 'Developing Countries', 'Equipment and Supplies, Hospital', 'Europe', 'International Cooperation', 'Organizational Policy', 'United States']
| 1,428,899
|
[['J01.219'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['E07.325'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.615.500'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The efficacy of a training that combines activities on working memory and metacognition: Transfer and maintenance effects in children with ADHD and typical development.
|
Introduction: It has been demonstrated that children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impairments in working memory (WM), and particularly its visuospatial component, responsible for academic underachievement. Furthermore, children with ADHD have difficulty in metacognition, and consequently use inappropriate strategies to control attention and impulsive behavior. The aim of the present study was to devise a training that combined individual exercises on visuospatial WM and group metacognitive activities capable of helping children with ADHD to ameliorate their performance in executive functioning tasks, and to contain their inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior. Method: A combined training that focused on visuospatial WM and metacognition was administered to 12 children with a diagnosis of ADHD and 15 typically-developing children. Tasks on executive functions and questionnaires for parents and teachers were administered before and at the end of the training, and one month after the post-test. Specific short- and long-term training gains and transfer effects were examined. Effects of the training on parents' and teachers' ratings were also considered. Results: Specific gains and transfer effects were found at the post-test and long-term assessments in both typically-developing children and those with ADHD. Parents' and teachers' ratings also indicated an improvement in the symptomatic behavior of children with ADHD. Conclusion: The results of this study have clinical and educational implications. A training that combines individual computerized visuospatial WM activities with metacognitive group reflection about useful strategies seems to produce promising results, helping children with ADHD to improve their executive functioning and behavioral problems.
|
['Attention', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Cognition', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Metacognition', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Transfer, Psychology']
| 31,401,917
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F02.463.188.756'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.425.910']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Multitasking Abilities in Adolescents With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Results From an Experimental Ecological Paradigm.
|
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with cognitive and functional impairments and increased risk for schizophrenia. We characterized multitasking abilities of adolescents with 22q11.2DS using an experimental naturalistic setting and examined whether multitasking impairments were associated with real-world functioning and negative symptoms. Thirty-nine adolescents (19 with 22q11.2DS and 20 controls) underwent the Multitasking Evaluation for Adolescents. Real-world functioning and clinical symptoms were assessed in participants with 22q11.2DS. Adolescents with 22q11.2DS performed poorly in the multitasking evaluation. Our data also suggest that multitasking abilities are related to adaptive functioning in the practical domain and negative symptoms. This study shows that adolescents with 22q11.2DS are characterized by multitasking impairments, which may be relevant for several aspects of the clinical phenotype.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'DiGeorge Syndrome', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 26,914,469
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C05.660.207.103.500', 'C14.240.400.021.500', 'C14.280.400.044.500', 'C15.604.451.249.500', 'C16.131.077.019.500', 'C16.131.240.400.021.500', 'C16.131.260.019.500', 'C16.131.482.249.500', 'C16.131.621.207.103.500', 'C16.320.180.019.500', 'C19.642.482.500.500'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Early laparoscopic repair for blunt duodenal perforation in an adolescent.
|
Duodenal perforation secondary to blunt abdominal trauma in children is rare and usually associated with delays in diagnosis and surgical intervention. The authors encountered such a case in a 12-year-old boy owing to his falling over the handlebar of a bicycle. Imaging examination showed that there was a perforation over the fourth portion of the duodenum without concomitant injuries. Using a 5-port transperitoneal laparoscopic technique, primary closure of the perforation was successfully performed at 6 hours after the impact. Laparoscopic approach appears to be safe and feasible in hemodynamically stable children with solitary traumatic duodenal perforation if the operation can be performed early in the course of the incident.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Bicycling', 'Child', 'Duodenum', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 22,595,602
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['I03.450.642.845.140'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) from a radiological and gastroenterological perspective].
|
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an integrated part in the diagnosis of bile-duct diseases and requires a standaridized complex examination technique. Radiologic and gastroenterologic indications are the diagnosis of anomalies, concrements, chronic inflammations and tumor diagnosis, especially of cholangiocarinoma such as Klatskin tumor and pancreatic cancer. MRCP is integrated in the preinterventional concept for performing invasive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and for follow-up post intervention and for diagnosing complications.
|
['Biliary Tract Diseases', 'Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance', 'Humans', 'Pancreatic Diseases']
| 19,401,971
|
[['C06.130'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.100', 'E01.370.372.207'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.689']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor during acute SIV infection leads to significant increases in viral load during chronic infection.
|
The studies reported herein are the first to document the effect of the in vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor for defining the potential role of NK cells during acute SIV infection of a group of 15 rhesus macaques (RM). An additional group of 16 MHC/KIR typed RM was included as controls. The previously optimized in vivo dose regimen (20 mg/kg daily for 35 days) led to a marked depletion of each of the major NK cell subsets both in the blood and gastro-intestinal tissues (GIT) during acute infection. While such depletion had no detectable effects on plasma viral loads during acute infection, there was a significant sustained increase in plasma viral loads during chronic infection. While the potential mechanisms that lead to such increased plasma viral loads during chronic infection remain unclear, several correlates were documented. Thus, during acute infection, the administration of the JAK3 inhibitor besides depleting all NK cell subsets also decreased some CD8⁺ T cells and inhibited the mobilization of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the blood and their localization to the GIT. Of interest is the finding that the administration of the JAK3 inhibitor during acute infection also resulted in the sustained maintenance during chronic infection of a high number of na?ve and central memory CD4⁺ T cells, increases in B cells in the blood, but decreases in the frequencies and function of NKG2a⁺ NK cells within the GIT and blood, respectively. These data identify a unique role for JAK3 inhibitor sensitive cells, that includes NK cells during acute infection that in concert lead to high viral loads in SIV infected RM during chronic infection without affecting detectable changes in antiviral humoral/cellular responses. Identifying the precise mechanisms by which JAK3 sensitive cells exert their influence is critical with important implications for vaccine design against lentiviruses.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Chronic Disease', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Janus Kinase 3', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Piperidines', 'Pyrimidines', 'Pyrroles', 'Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Viral Load']
| 24,603,870
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.300', 'D12.776.476.393.300'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['C01.925.782.815.616.850', 'C01.925.839.850', 'C22.735.500.850'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic gray matter volume changes in pediatric multiple sclerosis: A 3.5 year MRI study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess, using MRI, the spatial patterns of gray matter (GM) atrophy in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), their dynamic changes over time, and their clinical relevance.METHODS: Sixty-eight pediatric patients with MS (30 with a clinical and MRI follow-up after 3.5 years) and 26 healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical and MRI evaluation. To overcome difficulties in obtaining longitudinal scans in pediatric HC, a group of 317 pediatric HC from an NIH-funded MRI Study of Normal Brain Development was used to estimate GM developmental trajectories. In pediatric patients with MS, deviations from normative GM volume values at the voxel level were assessed at baseline and during the follow-up, using linear mixed-effects models. Correlations between GM volume deviations and disability, IQ, and white matter (WM) lesion volumes (LV) were estimated.RESULTS: Pediatric patients with MS showed failures in GM development in several cortical and subcortical regions, as well as GM atrophy progression in most of these regions, which were only partially related to focal WM LV. Significant correlations were found between regional GM atrophy (particularly of deep GM regions) and disability, whereas higher IQ was associated with reduced deviations from age-expected GM volumes of specific GM regions at baseline and during the follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Impaired GM maturation occurs in pediatric patients with MS, which is only partially driven by WM inflammation, suggesting that early neurodegenerative phenomena contribute to disability. High IQ, a measure of reserve, may offer protection by promoting remodeling of GM pruning in this young age.
|
['Adolescent', 'Atrophy', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gray Matter', 'Humans', 'Intelligence Tests', 'Linear Models', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Young Adult']
| 30,867,274
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A08.186.211.168', 'A08.186.854.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.141.493'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Musical cognitive skills assessment for patients with Alzheimer disease: the music therapy orientation test.
|
Music therapy is recommended in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but only few tools exist to measure musical skills in AD patients. Our objective was to develop an assessment tool, the MOT (music therapy orientation test) designed to evaluate the musical cognitive abilities of patients and to guide the music therapy plan. This article presents the guidelines and scoring terms for all items, as well as the normal range in older patients. The MOT was administered to 50 healthy elderly subjects (mean, 74.3±8.7 years) and 50 AD patients (mean, 82.8±8.0 years). The diagnosis was based on DSM-IV consensus criteria and all patients had a MMSE score ?27/30 (mean, 16.16±6.91). The results showed an average success rate to the MOT that was lower in AD compared to cognitively healthy subjects (respectively 22.6±8.3/34 versus 32.4±1/34, p<0.0001). The MOT score was positively correlated with the MMSE score (r=0.80, p<0.001). With a threshold of 30/34, the MOT sensitivity was 74%, its specificity 96% and its positive predictive value 94.9%. Our results showed that a MOT score <30/34 is able to detect musical cognitive disabilities in AD patients. The MOT could be useful for music therapists to guide the music therapy plan.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Music', 'Music Therapy', 'Neuropsychological Tests']
| 32,160,981
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['K01.602'], ['E02.190.888.500', 'E02.760.169.063.500.440', 'E02.831.440', 'F04.754.549'], ['F04.711.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lysosomal enzyme transfer from different types of lymphoid cell.
|
The direct transfer of certain lysosomal enzymes during cell-to-cell contact between normal lymphocytes and enzyme-deficient recipient cells has previously been reported in vitro and may play an important role in the correction of lysosomal storage diseases by bone marrow transplantation in vivo. In the present study we have used a number of different T, B, and plasma cell lines to examine the expression and immunological specificity of the transfer of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase (Gus). Each of these groups of cell had differing intracellular and secreted levels of Gus activity, which were nevertheless similar within each group. Dermal fibroblasts deficient in the Gus enzyme acquired substantial amounts of additional activity when they were cultured together with the T cells, the B cells, or the plasma cells. This occurred by the direct transfer of Gus from all three types of cell. In addition, with plasma cells, which had very high intracellular enzyme activity and also secreted high levels of Gus into their culture medium, the secreted enzyme was readily internalized by the fibroblasts via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR). It was notable that the purified endogenous enzymes from plasma cells as well as from B cells, but not from T cells, were also endocytosed by the fibroblasts utilizing this receptor-mediated process. Although the Gus activity from all the cell lines examined had the same molecular size, polyacrylamide electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing patterns showed that the immunologically distinct types of lymphoid cell have characteristic, unique pathways of post-translational lysosomal enzyme processing. These results show that the transfer of lysosomal enzymes from lymphoid cells can occur by two distinct mechanisms, both likely to have important roles in enzyme replacement therapy.
|
['B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endocytosis', 'Fibroblasts', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Lymphocytes', 'Molecular Weight', 'Plasma Cells', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Receptor, IGF Type 2', 'Skin', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 8,223,997
|
[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['G02.494'], ['A11.063.438.725', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.382.032.438.725', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.725'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.780.410'], ['A17.815'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrasound in the diagnosis of fractures in children.
|
We compared the results of primary ultrasonographic examination of 163 children with 224 suspected fractures with the subsequent radiological findings. The aim was to assess the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of fractures in children. We found a good correlation for fractures of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. Ultrasound was most reliable for the detection of simple femoral and humeral diaphyseal fractures and fractures of the forearm. It was less dependable for compound injuries and fractures adjacent to joints, lesions of the small bones of the hand and foot, non-displaced epiphyseal fractures (Salter-Harris type 1) or those with a fracture line of less than 1mm. We were able to distinguish several types of fracture in which the use of ultrasound alone gave reliable information and further radiography was unnecessary. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of skeletal ultrasonographic studies in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Algorithms', 'Anthropometry', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Decision Trees', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography']
| 11,132,281
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G17.162.500'], ['E01.354.340'], ['E01.354.506'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PKD controls ávâ3 integrin recycling and tumor cell invasive migration through its substrate Rabaptin-5.
|
Integrin recycling is critical for cell migration. Protein kinase D (PKD) mediates signals from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) to control ávâ3 integrin recycling. We now show that Rabaptin-5, a Rab5 effector in endosomal membrane fusion, is a PKD substrate. PKD phosphorylates Rabaptin-5 at Ser407, and this is both necessary and sufficient for PDGF-dependent short-loop recycling of ávâ3, which in turn inhibits á5â1 integrin recycling. Rab4, but not Rab5, interacts with phosphorylated Rabaptin-5 toward the front of migrating cells to promote delivery of ávâ3 to the leading edge, thereby driving persistent cell motility and invasion that is dependent on this integrin. Consistently, disruption of Rabaptin-5 Ser407 phosphorylation reduces persistent cell migration in 2D and ávâ3-dependent invasion. Conversely, invasive migration that is dependent on á5â1 integrin is promoted by disrupting Rabaptin phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate that the PKD pathway couples receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to an integrin switch via Rabaptin-5 phosphorylation.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Integrin alphaVbeta3', 'Mice', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Vesicular Transport Proteins']
| 22,975,325
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.439', 'D12.776.543.550.625.439', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.870.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D12.776.543.990']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Involvement of substance P present in primary afferent neurones in modulation of cutaneous blood flow in the instep of rat hind paw.
|
1. The participation of small-diameter afferent fibres in the microcirculatory haemodynamics of cutaneous tissue was examined by studies on the effects of antidromic stimulation of primary afferent neurones on cutaneous blood flow (CBF) and tachykinin release into the subcutaneous space in the instep of the hind paw of rats. 2. Antidromic stimulation of the sectioned sciatic nerve induced a biphasic flow response, an initial transient decrease followed by an increase, with no alteration in the blood pressure. 3. Neither phase was affected by pretreatment with phentolamine (0.1 mg kg-1, i.a.), propranolol (0.5 mg kg-1, i.a.), atropine (0.5 mg kg-1, i.a.), methysergide (0.5 mg kg-1, i.a.) or mepyramine (10 mg kg-1, i.a.) plus cimetidine (10 mg kg-1, i.a.), but both were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg kg-1, s.c.). 4. Spantide (1-2 mumol kg-1, i.a.), a substance P (SP) antagonist, reduced the basal CBF, and also inhibited both phases of the biphasic flow response evoked by antidromic stimulation of the sectioned sciatic nerve. 5. Intra-arterial infusion of SP (0.5 mumol kg-1, i.a.) induced a biphasic flow response similar to that elicited by antidromic stimulation of the sectioned sciatic nerve. 6. Antidromic stimulation of the sectioned sciatic nerve caused a marked increase in SP release into the subcutaneous perfusate of the instep of the rat hind paw, but no detectable increase in neurokinin A release.7. We suggest that SP and its receptors are mainly responsible for the vascular response induced by stimulation of the sectioned sciatic nerve, and that small-diameter afferent fibres containing SP tonically regulate vascular tone in cutaneous microvessels.
|
['Animals', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Foot', 'Histamine', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Neurokinin A', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Serotonin', 'Skin', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Substance P', 'Tachykinins']
| 1,382,777
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.800.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.500', 'D12.644.400.800.500', 'D12.644.456.800.500', 'D12.776.467.812.900.500', 'D12.776.631.650.800.500', 'D23.469.050.375.850.550', 'D23.529.812.900.500'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A17.815'], ['G13.750'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D12.644.276.812.900', 'D12.644.400.800', 'D12.644.456.800', 'D12.776.467.812.900', 'D12.776.631.650.800', 'D23.469.050.375.850', 'D23.529.812.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiac tachyarrhythmia in the fetus: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
|
Real-time directed M-mode echocardiography permits analysis of atrial and ventricular mechanical systole and allows inference of the type of arrhythmia present. Accurate diagnosis in cases of fetal tachyarrhythmia is of vital importance when therapy is considered, and in planning further management and delivery of an affected infant. Fetal tachyarrhythmia may be life-threatening especially when fetal hydrops is present and aggressive therapy is mandatory in these cases with digoxin being the drug of choice. In our series the incidence (8.3%) of congenital heart disease was as expected, but the incidence (54%) of atrial flutter was surprisingly high. The prognosis was dependent on the presence or absence of fetal hydrops and was not influenced by the type of arrhythmia or gestational age.
|
['Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Prognosis', 'Tachycardia']
| 3,505,412
|
[['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['G09.330.380.500.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aggregation of banana pyrophosphate fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase by glycerol.
|
Addition of glycerol during purification of banana (Musaceae, Musa cavendishii) pyrophosphate fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase [(PFP), EC 2.7.1.90] initiated molecular aggregation of the enzyme. The aggregation process was dependent on the glycerol concentration. The native enzyme (66 kDa molecular mass) showed enhanced activity at 3% (V/V) or less of glycerol concentration. Glycerol concentration between 4 and 5% (V/V) affected a gradual and sequential aggregation of native form of the enzyme. These aggregated forms had molecular masses of 135, 200 and 270 kDa. The 135 and 200 kDa forms were stable for about 72 hrs and prolonged storage over 2 weeks resulted in the formation of the 270 kDa form. Concentration over 5% could reduce the time required for aggregation. Fru2.6 bis P activated the enzyme over ten fold, but did not help in the aggregation process. Studies on the role of glycerol on PFP specific activity suggested a difference in the activation process compared to that by Fru2.6bis P. Replacement of Hepes buffer by Tris increased the Fru2.6 bis P requirement for maximum activation by around 10 fold. Removal of glycerol from the buffer media resulted in almost complete inactivation of the enzyme.
|
['Cellulose', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fructosediphosphates', 'Fruit', 'Glycerol', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Protein Conformation']
| 9,219,436
|
[['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D09.894.417.313.300', 'D09.894.417.592.300'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management of on-farm risk to livestock from bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA, white-tailed deer: Predictions from a spatially-explicit stochastic model.
|
The eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, from cattle in many locations worldwide is complicated by endemic foci of the disease in free-ranging wildlife. Recent simulation modeling of the bTB outbreak in white-tailed deer (WTD) in Michigan, USA, suggests current management is unlikely to eradicate bTB from the core outbreak area (DMU 452) within the next three decades. However, some level of control short of eradication might sufficiently reduce transmission from deer to cattle to a point at which the negative effects of bTB on the cattle industry could be reduced or eliminated, while minimizing the negative consequences of reducing deer numbers. We extended our existing spatially-explicit, individual-based stochastic simulation model of bTB transmission in WTD to incorporate transmission to cattle, to characterize the effects of vaccination and increased harvest of WTD on cattle herd breakdown rates, to examine the effects of localized culling or vaccination of WTD in the vicinity of cattle farms, to assess the effects of concurrent deer baiting, and to determine the effect of progressive restriction of deer/cattle contact on herd breakdowns. A spatially-explicit "cattle layer" was constructed describing the spatial locations, farm size and cattle density of all farms within and directly adjacent to DMU452. Increased hunter harvest or vaccination of deer, or a combination, would likely decrease the number of cattle herd breakdowns to <1 per year in less than 15 years. Concurrent deer baiting variably increased the time necessary to achieve zero breakdowns. The prevalence of bTB in deer needed to fall below ?0.5% before ?1 herd breakdown per year could be expected, and below 0.1% before zero breakdowns were likely. Locally applied post-harvest deer culling or vaccination also rapidly reduced herd breakdowns. On farm biosecurity measures needed to reduce deer to cattle contact by >95% in order to reliably reduce herd breakdowns, and did not achieve zero breakdowns in the absence of other deer controls.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Deer', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Farms', 'Female', 'Male', 'Michigan', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Population Control', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Management', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Tuberculosis, Bovine', 'Vaccination']
| 27,836,043
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373'], ['N06.850.290'], ['J01.040.372', 'J03.540.150'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['E05.599'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['I01.240.600.650', 'N01.224.625.650', 'N06.850.505.400.700.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.538', 'C22.196.927'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of cigarette smoking on exhaled nitric oxide in mild steroid-naive asthmatics.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: It has been demonstrated previously that exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is increased in steroid-naive asthmatics and that inhaled steroids reduce eNO in these patients. Cigarette smoking has also been reported to reduce the eNO in healthy volunteers. Recently a correlation has been demonstrated between eNO and airway hyperresponsiveness in steroid-naive, mild asthmatics. We hypothesized that cigarette smoking would reduce the eNO level in steroid-naive asthmatics and might, therefore, affect the correlation between eNO and airway hyperresponsiveness.DESIGN: Comparison of eNO in healthy smoking and nonsmoking volunteers with the level of eNO in steroid-naive and steroid-treated asthmatics. Correlate the eNO level with the provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20hist) in the asthmatic smoking and nonsmoking patients.SETTING: University outpatient asthma clinic.PATIENTS AND METHODS: eNO levels and PC20hist were measured in three different asthmatic patient groups (group A = 29 steroid-naive, nonsmoking asthmatics; group B = 19 steroid-treated, nonsmoking asthmatics; and group C = 13 smoking, steroid-naive asthmatics) and in two healthy volunteer groups (group D = 18 nonsmoking; and group E = 16 smoking).RESULTS: eNO in group A was significantly increased compared with the values in groups B and D (21.8+/-12.7, 12.8+/-4.9, and 10.6+/-2.2 parts per billion [ppb], respectively). Cigarette smoking decreased eNO in healthy volunteers (7.4+/-1.8 ppb, group E) as well as in steroid-naive asthmatics (12.7+/-5.1 ppb, group C). There was a significant correlation between eNO and PC20hist in group A (r = -0.45, p < 0.05); this correlation was, however, lost in both groups B and C.CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking and inhaled steroids reduce the eNO in patients with mild asthma to a comparable extent. Because the correlation between eNO and airway hyperresponsiveness was lost in steroid-treated and smoking, steroid-naive asthmatics, we question the value of eNO as a marker of airway inflammation, at least in mild asthmatics who are already being treated with inhaled steroids or who are currently smoking.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Asthma', 'Beclomethasone', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Smoking']
| 10,424,504
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.125', 'D04.210.500.883.154'], ['C08.127.210'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
'Gym Tonic' and Quadriparesis.
|
We report a case of acute onset quadriparesis which occurred after consumption of some drugs which were illicitly prescribed to our young patient by his gym instructor. The deadly concoction of so-called gym-tonic (Cyproheptadine and dexamethasone) led to hypokalaemic paralysis in our patient.
|
['Cyproheptadine', 'Dexamethasone', 'Humans', 'Hypokalemia', 'Prescription Drug Misuse', 'Quadriplegia']
| 31,571,464
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.340', 'D03.383.621.160', 'D04.615.181.384.340'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.565'], ['E02.319.306.500'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mp colorectal cancer should be defined as early colorectal cancer.
|
Little is known about the clinicopathologic features of mp colorectal cancer, defined as a cancer where the depth of invasion is limited to within the mucosa, the submucosa and the proper muscle. This study was designed to determine the clinicopathologic features of mp colorectal cancers. From 1973 to 1993, 83 mp colorectal cancer and 66 sm colorectal cancer patients were treated in our department and were enrolled in this study. During the same period, 66 patients with sm colorectal cancer defined as a cancer where the depth of invasion is limited to within the mucosa and the submucosa, were treated. The clinicopathologic findings of these patients were determined retrospectively from their hospital records. Clinicopathologic differences in sm and mp colorectal cancers were compared with sm and mp gastric cancers. The incidence of mp colorectal cancer increased from 7.9% in 1973-1977 to 16.2% in 1988-1993. An advanced macroscopic appearance, a larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis and lymph vessel invasion were more predominant in mp than sm colorectal cancer. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that these clinicopathologic factors were not statistically independent prognostic factors for mp colorectal cancer patients. There was no statistical difference in postoperative survival between sm and mp colorectal cancer patients. Mp colorectal cancer should be defined as early colorectal cancer, because the postoperative survival rate does not differ between mp and sm colorectal cancers, and the clinicopathologic differences between these two are negligible.
|
['Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 9,699,244
|
[['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Normal morphology, age-related changes and abnormal findings of the cervical spine. Part II: Magnetic resonance imaging of over 1,200 asymptomatic subjects.
|
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to establish standard MRI values for the cervical spinal canal, dural tube, and spinal cord, to evaluate age-related changes in healthy subjects, and to assess the prevalence of abnormal findings in asymptomatic subjects.METHODS: The sagittal diameter of the spinal canal and the sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area of the dural tube and spinal cord were measured on MRIs of 1,211 healthy volunteers. These included at least 100 men and 100 women in each decade of life between the third (20s) and eighth (70s). Abnormal findings such as spinal cord compression and signal changes in the spinal cord were recorded.RESULTS: The sagittal diameter of the spinal canal was 11.2 ± 1.4 mm [mean ± standard deviation (SD)]/11.1 ± 1.4 mm (male/female) at the mid-C5 vertebral level, and 9.5 ± 1.8/9.6 ± 1.6 mm at the C5/6 disc level. The cross-sectional area of the spinal cord was 78.1 ± 9.4/74.4 ± 9.4 mm² at the mid-C5 level and 70.6 ± 11.7/68.9 ± 11.3 mm² at the C5/6 disc level. Both the sagittal diameter and the axial area of the dural tube and spinal cord tended to decrease with increasing age. This tendency was more marked at the level of the intervertebral discs than at the level of the vertebral bodies, especially at the C5/6 intervertebral disc level. The spinal cord occupation rate in the dural tube at the C5 vertebral body level averaged 58.3 ± 7.0%. Spinal cord compression was observed in 64 cases (5.3%) and a T2 high-signal change was observed in 28 cases (2.3%).CONCLUSIONS: Using MRI data of 1,211 asymptomatic subjects, the standard values for the cervical spinal canal, dural tube, and spinal cord for healthy members of each sex and each decade of life and the age-related changes in these parameters were established. The relatively high prevalence of abnormal MRI findings of the cervical spine in asymptomatic individuals emphasizes the dangers of predicating operative decisions on diagnostic tests without precisely correlating these findings with clinical signs and symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Dura Mater', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Spinal Canal', 'Spinal Cord']
| 22,302,162
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['A08.186.566.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A02.835.232.834.803'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rationale and design of the Flow Evaluation to Guide Revascularization in Multivessel ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FLOWER-MI) trial.
|
BACKGROUND: In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting with multivessel disease (MVD), recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for non-culprit lesions compared to culprit lesion treatment-only therapy. FFR- and angio-guided PCI have however never been compared in STEMI patients.TRIAL DESIGN: FLOWER-MI is an open-label multicenter national randomized clinical trial. The aim is to investigate FFR-guided complete revascularization in comparison to angio-guided complete revascularization in STEMI patients with successful PCI of the culprit lesion and ?50% stenosis in at least one additional non-culprit lesion requiring PCI. Eligible patients will be randomized after successful primary PCI in a 1:1 fashion to either FFR-guided or angio-guided complete revascularization during the index procedure or a staged procedure before discharge (?5 days). Patients assigned to FFR guidance first have FFR measured in each non-culprit vessel and only undergo PCI if FFR is ?0.80. The primary end point of the study is a composite of major adverse cardiac events, including all-cause death, non-fatal MI, and unplanned hospitalization leading to urgent revascularization at 1 year. Secondary end points will include the individual adverse events, cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and 30-day, 6-month, and 3-year outcomes. Based on estimated event rates, a sample size of 1170 patients is needed to show superiority of the FFR-guided revascularization with 80% power.CONCLUSION: The aim of FLOWER-MI trial is to assess whether FFR-guided complete revascularization in the acute setting is superior angio-guided complete revascularization.
|
['Coronary Angiography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Retrospective Studies', 'ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,000,067
|
[['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G09.330.100.324.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C14.280.647.500.875', 'C14.907.585.500.875', 'C23.550.513.355.750.875', 'C23.550.717.489.750.875'], ['E04.749'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of a dithiocarbamate derivative as a model of thiol oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes.
|
Thiol redox state (TRS) refers to the balance between reduced thiols and their corresponding disulfides and is mainly reflected by the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). A decrease in GSH/GSSG, which reflects a state of thiol oxidative stress, as well as thiol modifications such as S-glutathionylation, has been shown to have important implications in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, research models for inducing thiol oxidative stress are important tools for studying the pathophysiology of these disease states as well as examining the impact of pharmacological interventions on thiol pathways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a dithiocarbamate derivative, 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanylthiocarbonylamino)phenylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl]propionic acid (2-AAPA), as a pharmacological model of thiol oxidative stress by examining the extent of thiol modifications induced in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and its impact on cellular functions. The extent of thiol oxidative stress produced by 2-AAPA was also compared to other models of oxidative stress including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), diamide, buthionine sulfoximine, and N,N?-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso-urea. Results indicated that 2-AAPA effectively inhibited glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activities and decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio by causing a significant accumulation of GSSG. 2-AAPA also increased the formation of protein disulfides as well as S-glutathionylation. The alteration in TRS led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and increase in reactive oxygen species production. Compared to other models, 2-AAPA is more potent at creating a state of thiol oxidative stress with lower cytotoxicity, higher specificity, and more pharmacological relevance, and could be utilized as a research tool to study TRS-related normal and abnormal biochemical processes in cardiovascular diseases.
|
['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cell Line', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Disulfide', 'Humans', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Thiocarbamates']
| 24,607,690
|
[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['B01.050'], ['C14'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D12.644.456.448.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D02.241.081.251.869', 'D02.886.706']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neural-network-based identification of tissue-type plasminogen activator protein production and glycosylation in CHO cell culture under shear environment.
|
An artificial neural network (ANN) modeling scheme has been constructed for the identification of both recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) protein production and glycosylation from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture, cultivated in a stirred bioreactor. A series of hybrid feed-forward backpropagation neural networks were constructed to function as a software sensor. This enabled predictions of viable cell density, r-tPA content, and r-tPA glycosylation. The sensor was based on an initial input vector space consisting of simple metabolite concentrations, batch cultivation time, and a description of shear stress applied to the culture. Metabolite concentrations of the culture supernatant, included in the input vector space, were obtained from a single isocratic HPLC measurement. The shear stress component of the input space enabled accurate culture state prediction over a wide range of agitation rates. Coefficient of determination (r(2)) values between ANN predicted and experimental measurements of 0.945, 0.943, 0.956, and 0.990 were calculated to validate individual ANN prediction accuracy for total ammonia, apparent viable cell density, total r-tPA, and Type II glycoform concentrations, respectively.
|
['Algorithms', 'Ammonia', 'Animals', 'Bioreactors', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Ecosystem', 'Models, Biological', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator']
| 14,656,163
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Non-classical effects of androgens on testes from neonatal rats.
|
The intratesticular testosterone concentration is high during the early postnatal period although the intracellular androgen receptor expression (iAR) is still absent in Sertoli cells (SCs). This study aimed to evaluate the non-classical effects of testosterone and epitestosterone on calcium uptake and the electrophysiological effects of testosterone (1ìM) on SCs from rats on postnatal day (pnd) 3 and 4 with lack of expression of the iAR. In addition, crosstalk on the electrophysiological effects of testosterone and epitestosterone with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in SCs from 15-day-old rats was evaluated. The isotope (45)Ca(2+) was utilized to evaluate the effects of testosterone and epitestosterone in calcium uptake. The membrane potential of SCs was recorded using a standard single microelectrode technique. No immunoreaction concerning the iAR was observed in SCs on pnd 3 and 4. At this age, both testosterone and epitestosterone increased the (45)Ca(2+) uptake. Testosterone promoted membrane potential depolarization of SCs on pnd 4. FSH application followed by testosterone and epitestosterone reduced the depolarization of the two hormones. Application of epitestosterone 5 min after FSH resulted in a delay of epitestosterone-promoted depolarization. The cell resistance was also reduced. Thus, in SCs from neonatal Wistar rats, both testosterone and epitestosterone act through a non-classical mechanism stimulating calcium uptake in whole testes, and testosterone produces a depolarizing effect on SC membranes. Testosterone and epitestosterone stimulates non-classical actions via a membrane mechanism, which is independent of iAR. FSH and testosterone/epitestosterone affect each other's electrophysiological responses suggesting crosstalk between the intracellular signaling pathways.
|
['Androgens', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Calcium', 'Epitestosterone', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sertoli Cells', 'Testis']
| 25,449,768
|
[['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824.275', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A05.360.444.849.789', 'A11.382.952', 'A11.436.837'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental calculations of droplet diffusion in a low-pressure cloud chamber.
|
A low-pressure cloud chamber was used for several years to display the tracks created by the passage of ionizing particles through vapors of interest. The spatial distributions of the ions that were formed were of special interest, but the accuracy with which these distributions could be determined was reduced by the presence of diffusion. This meant that the droplets, when photographed, had moved significantly away from the point of creation of the parent ion. In the present investigation photographs obtained by previous workers have been analyzed in an attempt to quantify the extent to which the droplets had diffused. The results suggest that the diffusion, when converted to standard density (1000 kg/m3), was independent of the pressure inside the cloud chamber and the mixture used. It could be represented by a one-dimensional root-mean-square diffusion distance whose value was calculated to be 2.42 +/- 0.04 nm. Values for the diffusion of thermalized electrons (< approximately 4 eV) before capture to form negative ions were also calculated. They appeared to lie in the range 3.5-5.0 nm, and were again independent of the pressure and nature of the mixture. The magnitude of the diffusion was large enough to mask any measurable prediffusion structure for a distance in the region of 10 nm radially around the track path of the alpha-particle and proton tracks analyzed.
|
['Alpha Particles', 'Diffusion', 'Mathematics', 'Pressure', 'Protons', 'Radiometry', 'Volatilization']
| 7,938,472
|
[['G01.750.750.055'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['H01.548'], ['G01.374.715'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['E05.799'], ['G01.645.750', 'G02.734.933']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A proposal for evaluating the validity of holistic-based admission processes.
|
BACKGROUND. Admission decisions require that information about an applicant be combined using either holistic (human judges) or statistical (actuarial) methods. For optimizing a defined measureable outcome, there is a consistent body of research evidence demonstrating that statistical methods yield superior decisions compared to those generated by judges. It is possible, however, that the benefits of holistic decisions are reflected in unmeasured outcomes. If such benefits exist, they would necessarily appear as systematic variance in raters' scores that deviate from statistically-based decisions. PURPOSE. To estimate this variance, we propose a design examining the interrater reliability of difference scores (i.e., the difference between observed committee rankings and rankings based on statistical approaches). METHODS. Example calculations and G study models are presented to demonstrate how rater agreement on difference scores can be analyzed under various circumstances. High interrater reliability of difference scores would support but not prove the assertion that the holistic process adds useful information beyond that achieved by much less costly statistical approaches. Conversely, if the interrater reliability of difference scores is near zero, this would clearly demonstrate that committee judgments add random error to the decision process. RESULTS. Evidence to conduct such studies already exists within most highly selective medical schools and graduate programs and the proposed validity research could be conducted on existing data. CONCLUSIONS. Such research evidence is critical for establishing the validity of widely used holistic admission approaches.
|
['Humans', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'School Admission Criteria', 'Schools, Medical', 'United States']
| 23,330,903
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['I02.399.750'], ['I02.783.495.552', 'N02.278.020.578'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The perceptual richness of complex memory episodes is compromised by medial temporal lobe damage.
|
Perceptual richness, a defining feature of episodic memory, emerges from the reliving of multimodal sensory experiences. Although the importance of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) to episodic memory retrieval is well documented, the features that determine its engagement are not well characterized. The current study assessed the relationship between MTL function and episodic memory's perceptual richness. We designed a laboratory memory task meant to capture the complexity of memory for life episodes, while manipulating memory's perceptual content. Participants encoded laboratory episodes with rich (film clips) and impoverished (written narratives) perceptual content that were matched for other characteristics such as personal significance, emotionality and story content. At retrieval, participants were probed to describe the stories' perceptual features and storyline. Participants also recalled autobiographical memories (AMs) in a comparison condition. We compared the performance of patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and healthy controls to assess how damage to the MTL affects retrieval in these conditions. We observed an overall decrease in detail count in the mTLE group, along with a disproportionate deficit in perceptual details that was most acute in the AM and the perceptually enriched film clip conditions. Our results suggest that the impaired sense of reliving the past that accompanies MTL insult is mediated by a paucity of perceptual episodic memory details. We also introduce a new protocol that successfully mimics naturalistic memories while benefiting from the experimental control provided by using laboratory stimuli.
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linguistics', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Memory, Episodic', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Perception', 'Temporal Lobe', 'Vocabulary']
| 24,449,286
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C10.228.140.490.360.290', 'C10.228.140.490.493.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['F02.463.425.540.254'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.593'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Challenging a dogma; AJCC 8th staging system is not sufficient to predict outcomes of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.
|
BACKGROUND: The 8th edition of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system has been published. The current analysis aims to evaluate its performance in a population-based setting among patients recorded within the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database.METHODS: SEER database (2004-2013) has been accessed through SEER*Stat program and AJCC 8th edition stage groups were reconstructed. Survival analyses (overall and cancer-specific) were conducted according to 6th and 8th editions through Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox-regression multivariate model was also utilized for pair wise comparisons between different prognostic groups for overall and cancer-specific survival.RESULTS: A total of 5382 patients with MPM were identified in the period from 2004 to 2013. According to the 6th edition, significant pair wise P values for overall survival included: IA vs. III (P=0.027); IA vs. IV: P<0.0001; IB vs. IV: P<0.0001; II vs. III: P<0.0001; II vs. IV: P<0.0001; III vs. IV: P<0.0001). According to the 8th edition, significant pair wise P values for overall survival included: all stages vs. IV: P<0.0001; IA vs. II: P=0.046; IA vs. IIIA: P=0.022; IA vs. IIIB: P <0.0001; IB vs. II: P<0.0001; IB vs. IIIB: P<0.0001; II vs. IIIA: P<0.0001; IIIA vs. IIIB: P<0.0001). C-index for 6th edition was 0.539 (SE: 0.008; 95% CI: 0.524-0.555); while C-index for 8th edition was 0.540 (SE: 0.008; 95% CI: 0.525-0.556). Based on the above findings, a simplified staging system was proposed and overall and cancer-specific survivals were evaluated according to the simplified system. For overall and cancer-specific survival assessment, P values for all pair wise comparisons among different stages were significant (<0.01).CONCLUSION: The prognostic performance of both the 6th and 8th AJCC editions is unsatisfactory; there is a need for a more practical and prognostically relevant staging system for MPM.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mesothelioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'SEER Program', 'United States']
| 29,110,839
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A randomised trial of a weight loss intervention for overweight and obese people diagnosed with coronary heart disease and/or type 2 diabetes.
|
BACKGROUND: Weight reduction limits disease progression in obese people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).PURPOSE: To test a 16-week group-based weight reduction intervention combining exercise, diet and behaviour change strategies aimed to increase self-efficacy (Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program-HEELP) on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and exercise.METHODS: Participants with CHD and/or T2DM and BMI between 27 to 39 kg/m(2) were randomised to HEELP (n=83) or usual care (n=65).RESULTS: Participants were aged a mean 63.47 years (SD 8.9), male (58 %) and Caucasian (79 %). HEELP participants lost significantly more weight, BMI and waist circumference and exercised more days/week for a longer duration/week than usual care. Clinically significant weight loss (?5 %) was more common in HEELP than usual care.CONCLUSION: The HEELP resulted in weight loss and improved exercise behaviour in obese people with CHD and T2DM.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Coronary Disease', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diet, Reducing', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Weight Loss']
| 22,552,838
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E02.642.249.285', 'G07.203.650.240.285'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Wood litter consumption by three species of Nasutitermes termites in an area of the Atlantic Coastal Forest in northeastern Brazil.
|
Termites constitute a considerable fraction of the animal biomass in tropical forest, but little quantitative data are available that indicates their importance in the processes of wood decomposition. This study evaluated the participation of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Isoptera: Termitidae), N. ephratae (Holmgren), and N. macrocephalus (Silvestri) in the consumption of the wood litter in a remnant area of Atlantic Coastal Forest in northeastern Brazil. The populations of this species were quantified in nests and in decomposing tree trunks, while the rate of wood consumption was determined in the laboratory using wood test-blocks of Clitoria fairchildiana Howard (Fabales: Fabaceae), Cecropia sp. (Urticales: Cecropiaceae), and Protium heptaphyllum (Aublet) Marchand (Sapindales: Burseraceae). The abundance of the three species of termites varied from 40.8 to 462.2 individuals/m(2). The average dry wood consumption for the three species was 9.4 mg/g of termites (fresh weight)/day, with N. macrocephalus demonstrating the greatest consumption (12.1 mg/g of termite (fresh weight)/day). Wood consumption by the three species of Nasutitermes was estimated to be 66.9 kg of dry wood /ha/year, corresponding to approximately 2.9% of the annual production of wood-litter in the study area. This consumption, together with that of the other 18 exclusively wood-feeders termite species known to occur in the area, indicates the important participation of termites in removing wood-litter within the Atlantic Coastal Forest domain.
|
['Animals', 'Brazil', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Isoptera', 'Population Density', 'Trees', 'Wood']
| 20,673,190
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.485'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['B01.650.915'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
"How safe is splenectomy?".
|
The increased risk of sepsis in patients following splenectomy has been well documented. Fear of overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis (OPSI) has resulted in a generalized trend towards splenic salvage among surgeons. However, splenorrhaphy and attempts at splenic salvage may of themselves predispose to significant morbidity, sometimes more serious than increased susceptibility to infection associated with splenectomy. This study aims to assess the risk of splenectomy and subsequent asplenia. We reviewed 246 patients who underwent splenectomy over a 16 year period. Indications for splenectomy were considered under the following headings: haematological (N = 116), trauma (N = 69), visceral carcinoma (N = 28), incidental (N = 13) and miscellaneous (N = 20). There were 28 deaths in the series, primarily among those in the intra-abdominal carcinoma (13) and multiple trauma (13) groups. Two deaths were recorded among patients undergoing elective splenectomy for benign disease. Thrombo-embolic complications were recorded in nine patients; respiratory tract infection in 36 patients and intra-abdominal abscess in two patients. Two cases of post-splenectomy pneumococcal septicaemia were documented, neither of which was fatal. While not an entirely benign procedure, splenectomy can be performed relatively safely, especially when performed for benign disease in an adult population.
|
['Abdominal Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Risk', 'Sepsis', 'Splenectomy']
| 8,002,263
|
[['C01.830.025.020'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E04.726']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification and cloning of a regulatory gene for nitrogen assimilation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942.
|
Twenty-seven mutants that were unable to assimilate nitrate were isolated from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. In addition to mutants that lacked nitrate reductase or nitrite reductase, seven pleiotropic mutants impaired in both reductases, glutamine synthetase, and methylammonium transport were also isolated. One of the pleiotropic mutants was complemented by transformation with a cosmid gene bank from wild-type strain PCC 7942. Three complementing cosmids were isolated, and a 3.1-kilobase-pair DNA fragment that was still able to complement the mutant was identified. The regulatory gene that was cloned (ntcA) appeared to be required for full expression of proteins subject to ammonium repression in Synechococcus sp.
|
['Cloning, Molecular', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase', 'Mutation', 'Nitrate Reductases', 'Nitrite Reductases', 'Nitrogen Fixation', 'Plasmids', 'Species Specificity']
| 1,967,601
|
[['E05.393.220'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['D08.811.464.259.200.600'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.682.655.500'], ['D08.811.682.655.750'], ['G02.111.071.630', 'G02.111.587.750', 'G02.607.560.750', 'G03.087.630', 'G06.625', 'G16.500.768.600'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A portable hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) device for automotive diagnostic control systems.
|
In-vehicle driving tests for evaluating the performance and diagnostic functionalities of engine control systems are often time consuming, expensive, and not reproducible. Using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation approach, new control strategies and diagnostic functions on a controller area network (CAN) line can be easily tested in real time, in order to reduce the effort and the cost of the testing phase. Nowadays, spark ignition engines are controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) with a large number of embedded sensors and actuators. In order to meet the rising demand of lower emissions and fuel consumption, an increasing number of control functions are added into such a unit. This work aims at presenting a portable electronic environment system, suited for HIL simulations, in order to test the engine control software and the diagnostic functionality on a CAN line, respectively, through non-regression and diagnostic tests. The performances of the proposed electronic device, called a micro hardware-in-the-loop system, are presented through the testing of the engine management system software of a 1.6 l Fiat gasoline engine with variable valve actuation for the ECU development version.
|
['Algorithms', 'Automobiles', 'Computer Simulation', 'Equipment Design', 'Motor Vehicles', 'Regression Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Software']
| 22,075,387
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['J01.937.500.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.320'], ['J01.937.500'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Maternal serum omentin-1 profile is similar in humans and in the rat animal model.
|
Omentin-1 is an adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory activity that has been associated with different metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the serum profiles of omentin-1 throughout human and rat pregnancy. Serum omentin-1 levels were determined by ELISA in a prospective cohort study of healthy pregnant women (n=40) during the three trimesters of pregnancy and in twenty healthy non-pregnant women during the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In addition, serum omentin-1 levels were measured in rats during different periods of pregnancy (gestational days 8, 12, 16, 19, and 21) and in an age-matched control (virgin) group of rats (n=12rats/group). Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of omentin-1 protein in human and rat placenta. Omentin-1 immunoreactivity was detected in cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, sparse Hofbauer cells, and endothelial cells of the stem villi of human placenta. Additionally, it was detected in the labyrinthine trophoblast and yolk sac layer of the rat placenta. Human and rat serum omentin-1 levels were significantly lower in the late gestational period when compared with the non-pregnant women and virgin rats (p<0.05). Serum omentin-1 changes were not significant throughout the gestation in both species (p>0.05). Human serum omentin-1 levels have an inverse relationship with triglyceride levels during pregnancy. Our findings have not determined the exact role of omentin-1 during pregnancy, concerning the metabolic control of triglycerides and other energy sources. Whether omentin-1 decrease implies a regulatory function is still not clear. Further studies are needed to address this issue and determine the role of omentin-1 in metabolic adaptations during normal human and rat pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Chorionic Villi', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lectins', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors', 'Triglycerides', 'Trophoblasts', 'Yolk Sac', 'Young Adult']
| 26,144,294
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['A10.615.284.473.200', 'A16.254.750.473.200', 'A16.710.189'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.436.275'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.503'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D10.351.801'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802'], ['A10.615.284.981', 'A16.254.750.981', 'A16.331.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy and the transplantation of autologous hemopoietic cells in lymphogranulomatosis].
|
AIM: To determine clinical effectiveness of high-dose polychemotherapy (PCT) and transplantation of autologous hemopoietic cells (TAHC) in patients with lymphogranulomatosis (LGM).MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 LGM patients aged 16-42 years who have undergone TAHC after high-dose PCT (BEAM--17 patients or CBV--10 patients). 4 patients given high-dose PCT were in the first-second complete remission (CR), 7 patients--in the first partial remission (PR). Prior to TAHC, 8 patients had one, two and more relapses of LGM, and 8 patients had no remission at all. Bone marrow, hemopoietic blood cells and both were transplanted to 17, 2 and 8 patients, respectively. Mobilization of hemopoietic blood cells and stimulation of hemopoiesis after TAHC were achieved using colony-stimulating factors.RESULTS: The treatment resulted in CR or PR (from 6 to 95 months) in 70.4% of patients. The remission duration varied depending on the disease phase at transplantation. Four patients who underwent TAHC in PR maintained it for 13-95 months (median 47.5 months). Lasting remissions (29-59 months) were achieved in 42.9 and 37.5% of patients who underwent TAHC in the first PR or in recurrent LGM. None of the patients was in remission longer than 2 years after TAHC if high-dose PCT was conducted in advanced tumor process due to resistant LGM or inadequate previous treatment. Infectious complications lethality early after the transplantation reached 7.4%(2 patients).CONCLUSION: High-dose PCT followed by TAHC is effective in LGM if the tumor is chemosensitive.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Remission Induction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 10,983,318
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.095.410'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental study of the pathogenicity of aspergilli for mice.
|
The relative virulence was determined for 14 species of aspergilli, by inoculating normal mice intravenously with graded doses of spores. Eleven were found to possess some degree of virulence, whereas three others were avirulent. Members of the Aspergillus flavus group were the only species that consistently killed mice with doses as low as 10(4) viable spores. When the in vivo fate of spores was compared for a virulent and an avirulent strain of Aspergillus, spores of the latter were cleared rapidly from the liver and spleen but grew in the kidneys and brain, producing progressive disease. Mice which inhaled spores did not succumb, but macrophages washed from their lungs contained spores. A relationship of virulence to spore characteristics such as germination time, size, shape, and external markings could not be established. Virulence could not be related to aflatoxin production inasmuch as at least one virulent strain did not produce aflatoxin in vitro.
|
['Aerosols', 'Aflatoxins', 'Animals', 'Aspergillosis', 'Aspergillus', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Dosage Forms', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Myocardium', 'Spleen', 'Spores', 'Virulence']
| 6,051,365
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.150.703.080'], ['B01.300.381.081'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D26.255', 'E05.916.250'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.870', 'B05.775'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Trial of a new therapeutic agent, Pervincamine, in the post-concussion syndrome of patients with head injuries. Application of a double-blind control system and sequential analysis].
|
The authors have studied the influence of Pervincamine on the postconcussional syndrome in a group of 30 patients with cranial trauma examined for at least six months after their accident. The double blind testing was utilised and the patients were followed at regular intervals spanning three weeks. Each patient was evaluated by semi-directed interviews and tests of "double barrage" of Zazzo and the 15 words test of Rey. In addition, an EEG was performed at the beginning and the end of the study. Statistical analysis of the evolution of symptoms and the results obtained by psychological testing has revealed the positive action of Pervincamine on the postconcussional syndrome and on mental as well as motor functioning in general. Furthermore, the secondary effects of this product are negligible.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Concussion', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Syndrome', 'Time Factors', 'Vinca Alkaloids']
| 788,465
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.199.444.250', 'C10.900.300.087.235.250', 'C10.900.300.350.300', 'C26.915.300.200.194.250', 'C26.915.300.450.500', 'C26.974.382.200'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D03.132.436.681.827', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antitumoral properties and reduced toxicity of LPS targeted to macrophages via normal or mannosylated liposomes.
|
Neo-mannosylated liposomes have been prepared by coupling a mannose derivative bearing a hydrophilic spacer arm to preformed large unilamellar liposomes containing 4-(p-maleimidophenyl) butyryl-phosphatidylethanolamine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was encapsulated in normal or neo-mannosylated liposomes; the neo-mannosylated vesicles showed specificity for the in vitro activation to toxicity of macrophages only in the case of differentiated macrophages presenting mannose receptors at their surface. In vivo, LPS entrapped in neo-mannosylated vesicles showed a reduced toxicity for animals hypersensitive to LPS. Moreover targeting of LPS to tissue macrophages with neo-mannosylated liposomes induced regression of experimental solid tumors in mice (EMT6 sarcoma, 3LL carcinoma) and was effective on lung metastases.
|
['Animals', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Drug Carriers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liposomes', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Mannose', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasms, Experimental']
| 2,334,121
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.287'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['G12.287.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Medallion lenses, 500 implantations].
|
A report is given on the implantation of 500 Medallion lenses, most of which were implanted after intracapsular cataract operation (88%) and were kept under observation for between 3 and 88 months (average 22 months). In 1.2% a severe keratopathy resulted from an operation that was too traumatic, from decentration of the lens or because of postoperative wound rupture. Apart from these events, however, the behavior of the lens was excellent. The track record showed that late complications - particularly those involving the iris and cornea - did not occur in cases in which the operation and postoperative course had been uneventful. Therefore, late complications are unlikely to occur in such eyes. In our opinion the Medallion lens is still an excellent implant although modern posterior chamber lenses might offer certain advantages.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Visual Acuity']
| 6,843,030
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The importance of declining insulin requirements during pregnancy in patients with pre-gestational gestational diabetes mellitus.
|
OBJECTIVE: In patients with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), insulin requirements often increase during the third trimester of pregnancy in order to maintain proper glycemic control. However, a fraction of patients demonstrate a significant decrease in insulin requirements in late gestation. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of decreasing insulin requirements in patients with pre-gestational diabetes and GDM with respect to fetal wellbeing and pregnancy outcome.STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study in a single referral center for gestational diabetes between 1/2010 and 12/2014. Healthy pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes and GDMA2 and a decrease of at least 30% in insulin requirements over a period of two weeks during the third trimester (group A) were compared to women with stable or increasing insulin requirements (group B). The primary outcome was a composite of situations associated with feto-placental dysfunction (fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios and cesarean section due to category 2-3 monitor). Secondary outcomes were maternal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results 6 weeks postpartum, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates, Apgar scores ?7 at 5min, arterial blood pH?7.1, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia and a composite adverse neonatal outcomes (defined as one or more of the following: respiratory morbidity, cerebral morbidity, phototherapy, need for blood transfusion, necrotizing enterocolitis or death).RESULTS: Group A consisted of 101 women and group B - of 203 women. There were no differences between the groups in demographic characteristics or diagnostic characteristics of diabetes. The frequency of conditions related to feto-placental dysfunction did not differ between the groups (7.9% vs. 8.4%, p=0.61). Secondary outcome measures also did not differ between the groups, regardless of insulin requirements.CONCLUSION: Decreasing insulin requirements during the third trimester are not associated with adverse perinatal outcome related to placental dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Insulin', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 28,628,847
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E04.520.252'], ['C13.703.170', 'C18.452.394.750.448', 'C19.246.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['C13.703.726'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro killing of S. mansoni schistosomula by lymphokine-activated mouse macrophages.
|
Inflammatory macrophages from mice i.p. injected with FCS 24-hr before harvesting, activated by partly purified MAF from Con A-stimulated spleen cells, were shown to kill an average of 60.9% (SE +/- 5.3) of the parasites in cultures of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula. On the contrary, resident macrophages were not cytotoxic under the same conditions. The degree of macrophage activation for the killing was dependent upon both lymphokine concentration and time of incubation in lymphokine. The capacity of macrophages to be activated to kill schistosomula as well as the schistosomulicidal activity of the lymphokine-activated macrophages were short-lived properties. The killing was strongly influenced by the effector-to-target ratio. The results are consistent with other data on the immune response in experimental infection and particularly the development of the delayed hypersensitivity. Therefore, among the immune mechanisms that participate in immunity to reinfection, cell-mediated immunity that involves inflammatory macrophages should no longer be restricted to microorganisms and protozoans and could be extended to multicellular parasites like schistosomes.
|
['Animals', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Incubators', 'Inflammation', 'Lymphokines', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosomiasis', 'Time Factors']
| 7,240,738
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.287'], ['E07.461'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700'], ['C01.610.335.865.859', 'C01.920.922'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical application of airway bypass with paclitaxel-eluting stents: early results.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and early clinical results of a multicenter evaluation of airway bypass with paclitaxel-eluting stents for selected patients with severe emphysema.METHODS: Airway bypass was performed with a fiberoptic bronchoscope in three steps: identification of a blood vessel-free location with a Doppler probe at the level of segmental bronchi, fenestration of the bronchial wall, and placement of a paclitaxel-eluting stent to expand and maintain the new passage between the airway and adjacent lung tissue. All adverse events were recorded, as well as 1- and 6-month pulmonary function tests and dyspnea index.RESULTS: Thirty-five patients received the airway bypass procedure with a median of 8 stents implanted per patient. At 1-month follow-up, statistically significant differences in residual volume, total lung capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, modified Medical Research Council scale, 6-minute walk, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire were observed. At the 6-month follow-up, statistically significant improvements in residual volume and dyspnea were demonstrated. One death occurred after bleeding during the procedure. Retrospective analysis revealed that the degree of pretreatment hyperinflation may be an important indicator of which patients achieve the best short- and long-term results.CONCLUSIONS: The airway bypass procedure reduces hyperinflation and improves pulmonary function and dyspnea in selected patients with severe emphysema. Duration of benefit appears to correlate with the degree of pretreatment hyperinflation. These preliminary clinical results support further evaluation of the procedure.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paclitaxel', 'Patient Selection', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pulmonary Emphysema', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,903,516
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.320'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C08.381.495.389.750'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diversity of Quaternary Structures Regulates Nuclear Receptor Activities.
|
Nuclear receptors (NRs) form homo- and/or heterodimers as central scaffolds of multiprotein complexes, which activate or repress gene transcription to regulate development, homeostasis, and metabolism. Recent studies on NR quaternary structure reveal novel mechanisms of receptor dimerization, the existence of tetrameric chromatin-bound NRs, and previously unanticipated protein-protein/protein-DNA interactions.
|
['Binding Sites', 'DNA', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear']
| 30,293,659
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['D12.776.826']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toward late career transitioning: a proposal for academic surgeons.
|
SUMMARY: In the absence of a defined retirement age, academic surgeons need to develop plans for transition as they approach the end of their academic surgical careers. The development of a plan for late career transition represents an opportunity for departments of surgery across Canada to initiate a constructive process in cooperation with the key stakeholders in the hospital or institution. The goal of the process is to develop an individual plan for each faculty member that is agreeable to the academic surgeon; informs the surgical leadership; and allows the late career surgeon, the hospital, the division and the department to make plans for the future. In this commentary, the literature on the science of aging is reviewed as it pertains to surgeons, and guidelines for late career transition planning are shared. It is hoped that these guidelines will be of some value to academic programs and surgeons across the country as late career transition models are developed and adopted.
|
['Aging', 'Canada', 'Career Choice', 'Faculty, Medical', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Humans', 'Surgeons']
| 28,742,011
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['M01.526.485.375', 'M01.526.702.250.373', 'N02.360.375'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.810.910', 'N02.360.810.910']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human spindlin1, an ovarian cancer-related protein.
|
Human spindlin1 is a newly screened and identified gene product related to ovarian carcinomas and is highly homologous to mouse spindlin. It is an abundant maternal transcript expressed in the mouse during the transition from oocyte to embryo. Here, the recombinant human spindlin1 has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21, purified and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystals diffracting to 2.25 A resolution were obtained using ammonium sulfate as precipitant. The crystals belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a =40.7 A, b =84.4 A, c =136.4 A, alpha=beta=gamma=90 degrees . Assuming two molecules per asymmetric unit, the solvent content is calculated to be 42.4%.
|
['Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Phosphoproteins']
| 16,472,086
|
[['D12.776.167'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D12.776.744']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
X-ray angiography perfusion imaging with an intra-arterial injection: comparative study with 15
|
BACKGROUND: X-ray angiography perfusion (XAP) is a perfusion imaging technique based on conventional DSA.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to validate parameters derived from XAP by comparing them with 15O-gas/water positron emission tomography (PET), using data from patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease.METHODS: 18 consecutive patients were included. XAP was performed with intra-arterial infusion of contrast media, and a time-density curve was constructed for each cerebral hemisphere. From the curves, the relative values of mean transit time (rMTT) and wash-in rate (rWiR) were obtained by dividing the values of the right hemisphere by those of the left hemisphere. These were then compared with the relative values of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and rMTT calculated from the PET data.RESULTS: XAP rWiR correlated strongly with PET rCBF (r=0.86, P<0.0001). rMTT measurements from the two modalities were also strongly correlated (r=0.85, P<0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.14±0.18 (95% limits of agreement -0.22 to 0.51) for PET rCBF versus XAP rWiR, and 0.016±0.093 (95% limits of agreement -0.17 to 0.20) for rMTT between the two modalities.CONCLUSIONS: The relative values obtained from XAP were validated across a population of patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intra-Arterial', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Radioisotopes', 'Perfusion Imaging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Water']
| 29,203,732
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.185.550.500.600', 'D01.362.670.300.600', 'D01.496.625.600', 'D01.496.749.635'], ['E01.370.350.710.600', 'E01.370.384.730.354'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reinstatement of Rhodotorula colostri (Castelli) Lodder and Rhodotorula crocea Shifrine & Phaff, former synonyms of Rhodotorula aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder.
|
Rhodotorula aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder is an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast species that belongs to the so-called "Erythrobasidium lineage" of the Urediniomycetes, according to molecular phylogenetic studies based on nucleotide sequence analyses of different ribosomal DNA regions. In the most recent editions of the yeast taxonomy treatises the species Rhodotorula colostri (Castelli) Lodder and Rhodotorula crocea Shifrine & Phaff were listed as synonyms of R. aurantiaca. Taxonomic heterogeneity within R. aurantiaca was demonstrated in a study based on whole-cell protein profiles and is also hinted at by the observed differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics among the different strains under that species name. We determined partial nucleotide sequences of the 26S rRNA gene (D1/D2 domains) of strains maintained in the CBS culture collection under R. aurantiaca, including the type strains of its synonyms. The results showed that R. colostri and R. crocea are clearly distinct from R. aurantiaca and from any other currently recognised basidiomycetous yeast species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data placed the former two species in separate lineages of the Microbotryomycetidae: R. colostri in the "ruineniae clade" (Sporidiobolus lineage or Sporidiobolales) and R. crocea loosely linked to Rhodotorula javanica (Microbotryum lineage).
|
['DNA, Fungal', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Phylogeny', 'Rhodotorula', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 14,734,036
|
[['D13.444.308.300'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.300.381.750', 'B01.300.930.650'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Body mass index and major cancer surgery outcomes: lack of association or need for alternative measurements of obesity?
|
BACKGROUND: Although surgical studies have reported inconsistent associations between increased body mass index (BMI) and operative outcomes, the accuracy of BMI for measuring obesity has been questioned in previous epidemiologic studies. Simultaneously, BMI has known comorbidities, which may mediate the effect of BMI if included in multivariable models. We sought to examine the effect of BMI on operative outcomes after adjusting for preoperative factors.METHODS: We identified 8858 patients who underwent major thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic surgery for solid organ tumors in American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) centers from 2005 to 2007. We used multivariable analyses to assess the effect of BMI on short-term operative outcomes after controlling for covariates.RESULTS: Increased BMI was not associated with worse short-term operative outcomes in our bivariable analyses. However, patients with BMI > or = 35 had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, longer operative times, and an increased number of postoperative complications (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for pre- and intraoperative factors, BMI did not predict any short-term operative outcome except for an increased total number of complications in BMI > or = 35. These results persisted after removing potential mediators from the multivariable analysis.CONCLUSIONS: In ACS NSQIP, BMI has minimal association with short-term operative outcomes after major cancer surgery. Although these findings may suggest a lack of association between obesity and cancer surgery outcomes, it confirms the previously examined limitations of BMI. Because of the rising incidence of obesity in the United States and its challenging effect on surgeon's practice, ACS NSQIP should consider exploring alternative measures of general and abdominal obesity.
|
['Abdominal Neoplasms', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'Obesity', 'Pelvic Neoplasms', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 20,309,642
|
[['C04.588.033'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C04.588.699'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.894'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Optic vesicle defects induced by vincristine sulfate: an in vivo and in vitro study in the mouse embryo.
|
The optic vesicle develops from cuboidal neuroepithelial cells which become high-columnar, then become wedge-shaped. Vincristine sulfate, a microtubule inhibitor, was used to study the role of microtubules in optic vesicle formation. Swiss-Webster mice were injected with vincristine sulfate on the eighth day of gestation, placebo females received an equivalent volume of saline, and additional females were not injected. All embryos were harvested on the 10th day of gestation. Additional embryos were cultured by the whole embryo culture technique described by New et al. ('73) beginning on the ninth day of gestation for 24 hours. When embryos were harvested on the 10th day of gestation, crown-rump lengths, developmental stage, and the number of visible anomalies were recorded. Embryos were then examined using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Embryos exposed to vincristine sulfate in vivo or in vitro were significantly smaller and developmentally delayed when compared to the control groups. The embryos treated in vivo appeared to be more severely affected than those exposed in vitro. Observed malformations were similar in both experimental groups, and consisted mainly of closure defects of the cephalic neural folds and defective formation of the optic vesicles. The optic vesicle defects ranged from complete absence to asymmetrical development. Microtubules appeared to be disorganized, S-shaped, or incorporated into paracrystalline inclusion structures.
|
['Animals', 'Eye', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microtubules', 'Vincristine']
| 6,740,508
|
[['B01.050'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Enzyme diagnostic criteria of alcoholism].
|
Activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase was determined repeatedly for 5-10 days in the blood serum of patients with Stage I-II alcoholism (n-63) and healthy subjects (n-31). Alcoholism was associated with an elevated activity of GGT and AsAT and its dynamic fluctuations in both directions due to a change in the status of the test subject. It is stated that alcoholism in the considered enzymological manifestations is a pathogenetically unstable state. The authors recommend including the measurement of these enzymes into the complex of measures for alcoholism diagnosis.
|
['Alanine Transaminase', 'Alcoholism', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Clinical Enzyme Tests', 'Humans', 'Male', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 2,863,908
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['E01.370.225.124.200', 'E05.196.427.200', 'E05.200.124.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-molecular-weight fibronectin synthesized by adenoid cystic carcinoma cells of salivary gland origin.
|
To understand the morphogenesis of characteristic cribriform structures and the frequent invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) along such basement membrane-rich structures as peripheral nerves, we have isolated fibronectin (FN) from the culture media of ACC3 cells established from a parotid ACC and characterized its glycosylation and alternative splicing status. FN isolated from ACC3 cells (ACC-FN) showed a molecular mass of 315 kDa in SDS-PAGE and was less heterogeneous and larger than plasma FN (pFN) or FNs from other cell sources. Differential enzymatic treatments of immunoprecipitated ACC-FN with neuraminidase, peptide-N-glycosidase F and endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase revealed that ACC-FN was composed of a polypeptide chain of 270 kDa, with 10 kDa each of N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharide chains. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in-situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence studies showed that most ACC-FNs contained ED-A, ED-B and IIICS regions in the molecules. This alternative splicing status of ACC-FN seemed to contribute to its less heterogeneous and larger molecular form. Cell attachment assay demonstrated that ACC-FN was more potent than pFN in adhesion of ACC3 cells. The results indicated that ACC-FN may function as a substrate for attachment of ACC3 cells, or that ACC3 cells trap and retain ACC-FN in their pericellular space. This isoform of FN may play an important role in the mode of invasion of ACC and the formation of stromal pseudocysts in the characteristic cribriform structure of ACC.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Amidohydrolases', 'Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Dimerization', 'Fibronectins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Glycosylation', 'Hexosaminidases', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neuraminidase', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Parotid Neoplasms', 'Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tunicamycin', 'alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase']
| 10,359,046
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['D08.811.277.087'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.220'], ['G04.022'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['D08.811.277.450.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.450.692'], ['D09.698.629'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.695', 'C07.465.530.824.695', 'C07.465.815.470.770', 'C07.465.815.718.589'], ['D08.811.277.087.725'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D03.383.742.680.725', 'D13.570.685.725'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.044']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of solution form of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on removing smear layer of root canal at different exposure time In Vitro.
|
This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of solution form of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on removing smear layer of root canals at different exposure time periods and to provide scientific basis for EDTA as a choice of root canal irrigation in clinical practice. Twenty-five single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group A) was given 2.5% NaOCl, and 4 experimental groups were given 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, including groups B, C, D and E with exposure time of 1, 3, 5 and 7 min, respectively. After preparation of the root canals, the teeth were split along their longitudinal axis, and the root sections were examined under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of smear layer removal and erosion on the surface of the root canal walls. The specimens in group B showed presence of smear layer on the walls of the root canal with no statistical difference from that in group A (P>0.05). In groups C and D, partial removal of smear layer was obtained, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in removal of smear layer between group C and group B (P<0.05). Root canal walls in group E specimens showed almost complete removal of smear layer, and the removal of smear layer was significantly different from that in group D (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the structure of the surface of root canal for each sample. It was concluded that combined irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl could remove the smear layer with no significant alteration in dentinal structure when the chelating agent was applied for 7 min. At 3 and 5 min of application, partial removal of smear layer was observed and at 1 min negligible removal of smear layer was achieved.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bicuspid', 'Chelating Agents', 'Edetic Acid', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Root Canal Irrigants', 'Root Canal Preparation', 'Smear Layer', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Solutions', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 24,939,310
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A14.549.167.860.150'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D25.800', 'D27.505.954.122.425.300.500', 'D27.720.274.300.500', 'J01.637.051.800'], ['E06.397.778.889', 'E06.931.625'], ['C07.793.208.688'], ['D01.210.465.800', 'D01.650.550.400.800', 'D01.857.750'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its main metabolites in patients with different degrees of heart failure following a single dose of a modified-release formulation.
|
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is extensively metabolized in the body, and all its 3 plasma metabolites (M1, M4, M5) are pharmacologically active. The authors evaluated the pharmacokinetics of PTX and its metabolites in 20 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Eleven had moderate and 9 severe CHF. The time courses of PTX, M1, M4, and M5 plasma levels were determined after oral administration of a sustained-release 600-mg tablet of PTX, and for each compound, AUC, maximal plasma concentration (C(max)), and time to C(max) (T(peak)) were calculated. Compared with patients with moderate CHF, those with severe CHF showed a significant delay in T(peak) of PTX (3.9 vs 1.6 hours) and M5 (5.6 vs 3.6 hours), a 59% significant increase in M5 AUC, and a 56% nonsignificant increase in PTX AUC. In the whole population, the AUCs of PTX, M4, and M5 were inversely correlated with markers of liver function, whereas the AUCs of M4 and M5 were inversely correlated with the creatinine clearance. In view of the kinetic features of slow-release formulations (flip-flop phenomenon), the delay in T(peak) of PTX in patients with severe CHF compared with moderate CHF should be ascribed to a reduced elimination rate.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pentoxifylline', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors']
| 23,400,743
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.824.651.700'], ['D27.505.519.389.735']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Myocardial protection by glucose-insulin-potassium in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing urgent multivessel off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized and controlled trial was to investigate the effect of a glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution on myocardial protection in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing urgent multivessel off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.METHODS: Sixty-six patients were randomly allocated either to receive 0.3 ml kg(-1) h(-2) GIK solution (potassium 80 mEq and regular insulin 325 IU in 500 ml of 50% glucose) or equivalent volume of normal saline (control) upon anaesthetic induction until 6 h after reperfusion. The primary endpoints were to compare the concentrations of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin-T between the groups after reperfusion. The secondary endpoints were to compare the incidences of postoperative troponin-T >0.8 ng ml(-1) and myocardial infarction (MI) between the groups.RESULTS: Highest CK-MB [8.7 (4.4) vs 13.1 (7.9) ng ml(-1), P=0.006] and troponin-T [0.20 (0.13-0.49) vs 0.48 (0.18-0.91) ng ml(-1), P<0.0001] values after reperfusion were significantly lower in the GIK group compared with the control group. The area under the curve of serially measured troponin-T was also significantly smaller in the GIK group compared with the control group [0.83 (0.43-1.81) vs 0.46 (0.31-1.00), P=0.036]. Significantly fewer patients in the GIK group showed troponin-T >0.8 ng ml(-1) after reperfusion compared with the control group (3 vs 11, P=0.033). The incidence of postoperative MI was similar between the groups.CONCLUSIONS: GIK administration in ACS patients undergoing urgent multivessel OPCAB significantly attenuated the degree of ensuing myocardial injury without complications related to glycaemic control. Clinical Trial Registry. URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01384656?term=GIK+AND+OPCAB&rank=1. Unique identification number NCT01384656.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Comorbidity', 'Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump', 'Creatine Kinase, MB Form', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endpoint Determination', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Perioperative Care', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Potassium', 'Troponin T']
| 22,986,417
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E04.100.376.719.332.199', 'E04.100.814.868.750.199', 'E04.928.220.520.220.189'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150.625'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.315'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['C23.550.767'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Case report: increased patient response to intramuscular haloperidol decanoate following a change in needle length.
|
INTRODUCTION: Intramuscular (IM) injection is a commonly used administration route for a variety of medications. Determining the optimum needle length for administration of IM formulations based on individual patient variables has not been extensively reported in patients receiving antipsychotic medication via IM administration.CASE REPORT: The patient, a 23-year-old African American female diagnosed with schizophrenia, was referred to a community-based treatment program following multiple inpatient admissions. At age 19, she began experiencing psychiatric symptoms that resulted in assault and incarceration. Treatment included separate trials of haloperidol and fluphenazine decanoate formulations with minimal success reported. At the time of evaluation, she was experiencing constant positive psychiatric symptomatology. Oral haloperidol was started. Haloperidol decanoate 150 mg by IM injection using a 1.5-inch needle was added and titrated to 350 mg IM over 11 months. Auditory hallucinations continued. Following refusal of a haloperidol level, the physician changed to a 2-inch needle for decanoate injections. Noticeable and continued slow improvement of her psychotic symptoms resulted.CONCLUSION: Needle length may be of new importance to practitioners. If anticipated results of IM antipsychotic medication administration are not realized, practitioners are urged to consider patient variables, notably the amount of adipose tissue in the administration area.
|
['Antipsychotic Agents', 'Biological Availability', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Haloperidol', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Needles', 'Schizophrenia', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 22,048,930
|
[['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['E07.612'], ['F03.700.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exponential Fermi acceleration in general time-dependent billiards.
|
We show, that under very general conditions, a generic time-dependent billiard, for which a phase space of corresponding static (frozen) billiards is of the mixed type, exhibits the exponential Fermi acceleration in the adiabatic limit. The velocity dynamics in the adiabatic regime is represented as an integral over a path through the abstract space of invariant components of corresponding static billiards, where the paths are generated probabilistically in terms of transition-probability matrices. We study the statistical properties of possible paths and deduce the conditions for the exponential Fermi acceleration. The exponential Fermi acceleration and theoretical concepts presented in the paper are demonstrated numerically in four different time-dependent billiards.
|
['Diffusion', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Time Factors']
| 25,314,506
|
[['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Temporary shift in masked hearing thresholds in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) after exposure to seismic airgun stimuli.
|
An auditory study was conducted to derive data on temporary threshold shift (TTS) induced by single impulses. This information should serve as basis for the definition of noise exposure criteria for harbor porpoises. The measurements of TTS were conducted on a harbor porpoise by measuring the auditory evoked potentials in response to amplitude-modulated sounds. After obtaining baseline hearing data the animal was exposed to single airgun stimuli at increasing received levels. Immediately after each exposure the animal's hearing threshold was tested for significant changes. The received levels of the airgun impulses were increased until TTS was reached. At 4 kHz the predefined TTS criterion was exceeded at a received sound pressure level of 199.7 dB(pk-pk) re 1 microPa and a sound exposure level (SEL) of 164.3 dB re 1 microPa(2) s. The animal consistently showed aversive behavioral reactions at received sound pressure levels above 174 dB(pk-pk) re 1 microPa or a SEL of 145 dB re 1 microPa(2) s. Elevated levels of baseline hearing sensitivity indicate potentially masked acoustic thresholds. Therefore, the resulting TTS levels should be considered masked temporary threshold shift (MTTS) levels. The MTTS levels are lower than for any other cetacean species tested so far.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Auditory Perception', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Brain', 'Environment', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Firearms', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Noise', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Phocoena']
| 19,507,987
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['J01.637.870.350'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.875.566.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The anti-thrombotic active constituents from Centella asiatica.
|
The in vitro effects of a methanol extract from the aerial parts of Centella asiatica on shear-induced platelet activation and coagulation were assessed after oral administration to rats, by subjecting non-anticoagulated blood to haemostatometry. 3,5-Di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, 1,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, and chlorogenic acid, together with asiaticoside, kaempferol, quercetine, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside were all isolated from the methanol extract. Amongst these, only 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed significant inhibition of shear-induced platelet activation and dynamic coagulation. The reactive curve of the inhibitory effect on the platelet reaction and the dynamic coagulation showed a bell-shape.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Blood Platelets', 'Centella', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Male', 'Methanol', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Components, Aerial', 'Plant Extracts', 'Platelet Activation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 17,473,438
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.180'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['D02.033.623'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A18.024'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeting cannabinoid receptor CB(2) in cardiovascular disorders: promises and controversies.
|
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, which can be largely attributed to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammation of the arteries characterized by lesions containing immune and smooth muscle cells, lipids and extracellular matrix. In recent years, the lipid endocannabinoid system has emerged as a new therapeutic target in variety of disorders associated with inflammation and tissue injury, including those of the cardiovascular system. The discovery that Ä-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Ä9-THC), the main active constituent of marijuana, inhibited atherosclerotic plaque progression via a cannabinoid 2 (CB(2) ) receptor-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanism, and that certain natural and synthetic cannabinoid ligands could modulate the myocardial or cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced tissue damage, have stimulated impetus for a growing number of studies investigating the implication of CB(2) receptors in atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. The aim of this review is to update on recent findings and controversies on the role of CB(2) receptors in cardiovascular disease. Particular emphasis will be placed on novel insights in the potential cellular targets of CB(2) stimulation in cardiovascular system (e.g. endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, infiltrating and/or resident monocytes/macrophages and leukocytes, etc.), their interplay and intracellular signalling mechanisms identified, as well as on experimental and clinical studies.
|
['Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2']
| 22,612,332
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['C14'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Direct-to-Consumer Broadcast Advertisements for Pharmaceuticals: Off-Label Promotion and Adherence to FDA Guidelines.
|
BACKGROUND: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements for prescription drugs in the United States are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Off-label promotion, or the advertisement of a drug for an indication not approved by the FDA, is prohibited. Our objective was to examine the presence of off-label promotion in broadcast DTC ads and to assess their adherence to FDA guidelines mandating fair balance in presentation of risks and benefits and prohibiting misleading advertisement claims.METHODS: All English-language broadcast DTC ads for prescription drugs that aired in the United States from January 2015 to July 2016 were obtained from AdPharm, an online collection of healthcare advertisements. Ad length was measured and adherence to FDA guidelines was assessed for several categories: key regulatory items, indicators of false or misleading ads, and indicators of fair balance in presentation of risks and benefits.RESULTS: Our sample included 97 unique DTC ads, representing 60 unique drugs and 67 unique drug-indication combinations. No ads described drug risks quantitatively, whereas drug efficacy was presented quantitatively in 25 (26%) ads. Thirteen (13%) ads, all for diabetes medications, suggested off-label uses for weight loss and blood pressure reduction. The most commonly advertised drugs were indicated for the treatment of inflammatory conditions (n = 12; 18%), diabetes or diabetic neuropathy (n = 11; 16%), bowel or bladder dysfunction (n = 6; 9%), and infections or allergic reaction (n = 6; 9%). More than three-quarters (n = 51; 76%) advertised drugs to treat chronic conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Few broadcast DTC ads were fully compliant with FDA guidelines. The overall quality of information provided in ads was low, and suggestions of off-label promotion were common for diabetes medications. The impact of current DTC ads and off-label marketing on patient and prescriber decisions merits further scrutiny.
|
['Direct-to-Consumer Advertising', 'Drug Industry', 'Female', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Off-Label Use', 'Prescription Drugs', 'United States', 'United States Food and Drug Administration']
| 29,484,575
|
[['J01.219.687.274.500'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.307.500'], ['D26.670'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.760', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.760']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
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