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Children's inequity aversion depends on culture: a cross-cultural comparison.
|
Recent work showed the presence of strong forms of inequity aversion in young children. When presented with an uneven number of items, children would rather tend to throw one item away than to distribute them unequally between two anonymous others. The current study examined whether or not this pattern is a universal part of typical development by investigating 6- and 7-year-old Ugandan children. Results revealed that the Ugandan children, in contrast to their U.S. peers, tended to distribute the resources unequally rather than to throw the remaining resource away. This points to cross-cultural differences in the development of children's fairness-related decision making.
|
['Child', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Resource Allocation', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Uganda', 'United States']
| 25,626,404
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.261.750'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.058.290.120.880'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
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| 0
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Development of a simple and rapid immunochromatographic strip test for diarrhea-causative porcine rotavirus in swine stool.
|
A rapid and simple immunochromatography (IC) strip test, for specific detection of porcine rotavirus (PRV) in stool specimen, was developed. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the OSU strain of PRV have been produced in mice. Among them, two hybridoma clones that generate mAb-1 and mAb-2, respectively, specific for VP6 protein of PRV, have been selected. In the IC configuration, mAb-1, one of the selected mAbs was used to the designed coat microparticles (MP), while another mAb-2 was used to fix it on the nitrocellulose membrane strip to form a result line. The control line was formed on the same membrane strip past the result line by fixing anti-mouse IgG antibody. The IC test was capable of detecting 1000 plaque-forming units of PRV/ml in less than 5min, and the binding capacity was demonstrated by specific recognition of PRV only, but not other porcine diarrhea viruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The IC test produced positive results with all the nine PRV-positive stool specimens and negative results with five different non-PRV specimens, which were identified previously by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, respectively. The results indicate an excellent concordance between the two methods, suggesting a potential application of the three combinated IC tests (PRV, TGEV and PEDV) for the on-site, rapid screening of porcine diarrhea cases.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cell Line', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Immunoassay', 'Reagent Strips', 'Rotavirus', 'Rotavirus Infections', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases']
| 17,644,198
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720'], ['B04.820.223.719.790'], ['C01.925.782.791.814'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
The effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on platelet function in whole blood and platelet concentrates.
|
Several studies report that patients who are treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depression may have increased risk of bleeding, particularly from the gastrointestinal tract. This may be related to low intraplatelet serotonin concentrations. Several blood banks do not store platelets from donors using SSRIs for transfusion, although the possible effects of SSRIs on platelet storage are not documented. We conducted a case-control pilot study of apheresis platelet concentrates prepared from donors using SSRIs (n=8) and from donors without medication (n=10). The platelet concentrates were stored for 5 days. Light transmission aggregometry (LTA), thrombelastography (TEG), and flow cytometric analyses were preformed for in vitro measurements of platelet function. Platelet function and platelet serotonin content were investigated in whole blood and in platelet concentrates stored for up to 5 days. LTA, TEG, and flow cytometric analysis of glycoprotein expression did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups. All 18 platelet concentrates performed well according to the standards set for platelet quality in relation to transfusion. Blood donors using SSRIs had significantly lower platelet serotonin compared to blood donors without medication. The results from our pilot study indicate that platelets from donors using SSRIs may be suitable for transfusion after storage for 5 days, but further laboratory and clinical studies are necessary to confirm this.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Count', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Platelet Transfusion', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Thrombelastography']
| 22,273,511
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['D12.776.395.550.625', 'D12.776.543.550.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675'], ['E02.095.135.140.650'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.830', 'E05.200.625.115.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Adherence in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel microbicide trial.
|
High adherence is key to microbicide effectiveness. Here we provide a description of adherence interventions and the adherence rates achieved in the CAPRISA 004 Tenofovir gel trial. Adherence support for the before-and-after dosing strategy (BAT 24) was provided at enrolment and at each monthly study visit. This initially comprised individual counselling and was replaced midway by a structured theory-based adherence support program (ASP) based on motivational interviewing. The 889 women were followed for an average of 18 months and attended a total of 17,031 monthly visits. On average women reported five sex acts and returned 5.9 empty applicators per month. The adherence rate based on applicator count in relation to all reported sex acts was 72.2 % compared to the 82.0 % self-reported adherence during the last sex act. Adherence support activities, which achieve levels of adherence similar to or better than those achieved by the CAPRISA 004 ASP, will be critical to the success of future microbicide trials.
|
['Adenine', 'Administration, Intravaginal', 'Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Counseling', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gels', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Medication Adherence', 'Motivational Interviewing', 'Organophosphonates', 'Rural Population', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'South Africa', 'Tenofovir', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urban Population']
| 24,643,315
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['E02.319.267.120.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['F02.784.176.279.500', 'F04.408.413.349.500', 'N02.421.461.363.349.500'], ['D02.705.429'], ['N01.600.725'], ['F01.145.802'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['D02.705.429.906', 'D03.633.100.759.138.881'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions disrupt extra-dimensional shift and alter dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex of juvenile rats.
|
Recent data showed that neonatal ventral hippocampus (VH) lesions, an approach used to model schizophrenia symptoms in rodents, produce premature deficits of working memory believed to be associated with early medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) maldevelopment. This experiment expands the investigation of mPFC integrity in juvenile rats with neonatal VH lesions by assessing behavioral flexibility and dendritic spine density. Sixteen Sprague-Dawley male pups received bilateral microinjections of ibotenic acid in the VH or SHAM surgery on postnatal day (PND) 6. On PND 29 and 30, rats were subjected to a spatial shift task in a cross-maze; an attentional set-shifting task was then administered on two consecutive days, between PND 33 and PND 35. Rats were sacrificed at PND 36 and dendritic spine density in the mPFC was assessed using Golgi-Cox staining procedure. Results revealed impaired extra-dimensional shift in VH-lesioned rats and inconsistent reversal discrimination outcomes. Although lesioned animals displayed intact performance in the spatial shift, rates of perseverative responses were higher than normal in this task. Neonatal VH damage resulted in lower dendritic spine density in the mPFC than measured in control brains; however, no significant correlation was found between this outcome and behavioral data. Juvenile morphological and cognitive perturbations are consistent with the early emergence of mPFC anomalies following neonatal VH lesions. Results are discussed in relation with potential common mechanisms linking pre- and post-pubertal onsets of behavioral dysfunction.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Association Learning', 'Attention', 'Brain Mapping', 'Choice Behavior', 'Cues', 'Dendritic Spines', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Hippocampus', 'Ibotenic Acid', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Microinjections', 'Motivation', 'Nerve Net', 'Orientation', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Problem Solving', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reversal Learning', 'Smell']
| 18,490,183
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['A08.675.256.200', 'A11.284.180.225.169', 'A11.671.240.169'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D03.383.129.385.231', 'D23.946.587.475'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['A08.511'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F02.463.425.798'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Survival is Better After Breast Conserving Therapy than Mastectomy for Early Stage Breast Cancer: A Registry-Based Follow-up Study of Norwegian Women Primary Operated Between 1998 and 2008.
|
BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy (MTX) has been considered to have a similar long-time survival. However, better survival in women undergoing BCT compared with MTX is found in two recent register studies from the United States. The purpose of this study was to compare survival after BCT and MTX for women with early-stage breast cancer in Norway.METHODS: Women with invasive, early-stage breast cancer (1998-2008) where BCT and MTX were considered as equally beneficial treatments were included for a total of 13,015 women. Surgery was divided in two main cohorts (primary BCT, primary MTX) and five subcohorts. Analyses were stratified into T1N0M0, T2N0M0, T1N1M0, T2N1M0, and age groups (<50, 50-69, ?70). Overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were calculated in life tables, hazard ratios by Cox regression, and sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: Five-year BCSS for women who underwent primary BCT or primary MTX was 97 and 88 %, respectively. Women who underwent primary MTX had a hazard ratio of 1.64 (95 % confidence interval 1.43-1.88) for breast cancer death compared with women who underwent primary BCT after adjusting for the year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, stage, histology, and grade.CONCLUSIONS: Survival was better or equal after breast-conserving therapy than mastectomy in all early stages, surgical subcohorts, and age groups. This advantage could not only be attributed to differences in tumor biology.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mastectomy', 'Mastectomy, Segmental', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Norway', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Registries', 'Reoperation', 'Survival Rate']
| 25,743,325
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E04.466'], ['E04.466.701'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Absence of CD9 reduces endometrial VEGF secretion and impairs uterine repair after parturition.
|
In mammals, uterine epithelium is remodeled cyclically throughout adult life for pregnancy. Despite the expression of CD9 in the uterine epithelium, its role in maternal reproduction is unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by examining uterine secretions collected from patients undergoing fertility treatment and fertilization-competent Cd9(-/-) mice expressing CD9-GFP in their eggs (Cd9(-/-)TG). CD9 in uterine secretions was observed as extracellular matrix-like feature, and its amount of the secretions associated with repeated pregnancy failures. We also found that the litter size of Cd9(-/-)TG female mice was significantly reduced after their first birth. Severely delayed re-epithelialization of the endometrium was then occurred. Concomitantly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was remarkably reduced in the uterine secretions of Cd9(-/-)TG female mice. These results provide the first evidence that CD9-mediated VEGF secretion plays a role in re-epithelialization of the uterus.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Cytokines', 'Endometrium', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Pregnancy', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tetraspanin 29', 'Uterus', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 24,736,431
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.395.550.018', 'D12.776.543.550.090', 'D12.776.543.900.109'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cross-reaction of a minor variant of the a1 allotypic specificity with anti-a2 antibodies.
|
Certain samples of hare IgG can combine with cross-linked anti-a2 antisera prepared in the a3/a3 rabbit. This cross-reaction permitted the isolation, on hare IgG immunoadsorbent, of anti-a2 cross-reacting antibodies (anti-a2(Lv) antibodies). The binding of labeled rabbit a2 IgG to insolubilized anti-a2(Lv) antibodies is inhibited by a1 IgG, demonstrating a cross-reactivity with a2. The percentage of a1 IgG cross-reacting with anti-a2 antiserum (a1(2) IgG) is about 0.5% of total a1 IgG. The a1(2) molecules represent another variant (or set of variants) of the a1 specificity. Demonstration of this variant of a1 IgG brings to seven the minimum number of described a1 variants, and its low concentration among a1 IgG (0.5%) is in favor of a larger number of variants of allotypic specificities. Arguments in favor of common ancestor genes for allotypy in lagomorphs are given.
|
['Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Cross Reactions', 'Immune Sera', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunosorbent Techniques', 'Isoantigens']
| 333,552
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['G12.122'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['G12.122.281'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E05.478.566.380', 'E05.601.470.380'], ['D23.050.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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AMPK promotes survival of c-Myc-positive melanoma cells by suppressing oxidative stress.
|
Although c-Myc is essential for melanocyte development, its role in cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer, is only partly understood. Here we used the NrasQ61KINK4a-/- mouse melanoma model to show that c-Myc is essential for tumor initiation, maintenance, and metastasis. c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells were preferentially found at metastatic sites, correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and high tumor initiation potential. Abrogation of c-Myc caused apoptosis in primary murine and human melanoma cells. Mechanistically, c-Myc-positive melanoma cells activated and became dependent on the metabolic energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in energy and redox homeostasis under stress conditions. AMPK pathway inhibition caused apoptosis of c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells, while AMPK activation protected against cell death of c-Myc-depleted melanoma cells through suppression of oxidative stress. Furthermore, TCGA database analysis of early-stage human melanoma samples revealed an inverse correlation between C-MYC and patient survival, suggesting that C-MYC expression levels could serve as a prognostic marker for early-stage disease.
|
['AMP-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'GTP Phosphohydrolases', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Melanocytes', 'Melanoma', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Signal Transduction']
| 29,440,228
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.085', 'D12.644.360.062', 'D12.776.476.062'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['D12.644.360.225.200', 'D12.776.167.187.200', 'D12.776.476.225.200', 'D12.776.624.776.355.200'], ['D08.811.277.040.330'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative analysis of circulating plasma DNA as a tumor marker in thoracic malignancies.
|
BACKGROUND: Increased plasma DNA has been found in cancer patients and may have potential as a tumor marker. The objectives of this study were to develop a controlled, quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay to measure plasma DNA and then evaluate plasma DNA concentrations as a tumor marker in patients with thoracic malignancies.METHODS: We developed a QPCR assay for DNA, using the human beta-actin gene. Plasma samples were analyzed from 58 patients with esophageal cancer (EC; 20 banked samples and 38 prospectively collected samples) and 25 patients with lung cancer (LC; all prospectively collected). Control groups consisting of 51 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; 23 banked samples and 28 prospectively collected) and 11 healthy volunteers were also analyzed.RESULTS: The assay had an experimental variability <4%. In our banked samples, the mean concentration of plasma DNA in EC was 819.0 microg/L (range, 46.2-4738.0 microg/L) vs 432.0 microg/L (6.0-2888.0 microg/L) in GERD (P = 0.02). However, the prospectively collected samples had lower DNA concentrations, and there was no difference between cancer patients and controls. The mean DNA concentration was 10.6 microg/L (range, 7.0-14.0 microg/L) in healthy volunteers and 10.5 microg/L (range, 4.0-23.5 microg/L) in GERD controls vs 13.0 microg/L (range, 4.5-46.5 microg/L) in EC and 14.6 microg/L (range, 3.0-30.0 microg/L) in LC.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that plasma DNA concentrations are of limited diagnostic value when samples are prospectively collected and uniformly handled. This is in contrast to previously published results. Qualitative analysis of DNA may be needed if plasma nucleic acids are to be used as a diagnostic tool in cancer screening.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Plasma', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Thoracic Neoplasms']
| 15,539,466
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C04.588.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Usefulness of Prophylactic Percutaneous Gastrostomy Placement in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Chemoradiotherapy.
|
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has evolved as the preferred organ preservation strategy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). This approach increases malnutrition, and thus, establishing a direct enteral feeding route is essential. To evaluate the usefulness of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in HNC patients receiving definitive CRT, we performed a prospective evaluation of HNC patients over a 6-month period. Patients and tumor characteristics, nutritional status 30 days after PEG insertion and technique complications were evaluated. We also assessed the long-term PEG usage. Forty-seven PEGs were placed and only 2 patients did not use it. The mean time of PEG use was 131 days (4-255) and mean duration of exclusive utilization was 71 days (4-180). On 30th day after procedure, 34/45 (76 %) patients had lost weight, but only 10/45 (22 %) patients had lost more than 10 % of their initial weight. The most frequent complications were minor peristomal infections, which were correlated with proton-pump inhibitor use before PEG placement (OR 3.91, 95 % CI 1.01-15.2, and p = 0.049). One year later, 19 % of patients in remission continue needing PEG. Enteric nutritional support is essential during and after CRT in HNC patients. Most patients lost weight even with PEG. One-fifth of patients in remission required long-term PEG utilization.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemoradiotherapy', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gastrostomy', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Gastrointestinal', 'Male', 'Malnutrition', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Nutritional Status', 'Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms', 'Prospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 26,487,063
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.186.079', 'E02.319.164', 'E02.815.160'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.585.412', 'E05.497.412'], ['C18.654.521'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['C04.588.443.665', 'C09.647'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Protein instability during HIC: describing the effects of mobile phase conditions on instability and chromatographic retention.
|
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is known to be potentially denaturing to proteins, but the effects of mobile phase conditions on chromatographic behavior are not well understood. In this study, we apply a model describing the effects of secondary protein unfolding equilibrium on chromatographic behavior, including the effects of salt concentration on both stability and adsorption. We use alpha-lactalbumin as a model protein that in the presence and absence of calcium, allows evaluation of adsorption parameters for folded and unfolded species independently. The HIC adsorption equilibrium under linear binding conditions and solution phase protein stability have been obtained from a combination of literature and new experiments. The effect of salt concentration on protein stability and the rate constant for unfolding on the chromatographic surface have been determined by fitting the model to isocratic chromatography data under marginally stable conditions. The model successfully describes the effects of added calcium and ammonium sulfate. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects on stability of mobile phase modifiers when applying HIC to marginally stable
|
['Adsorption', 'Algorithms', 'Ammonium Sulfate', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Computer Simulation', 'Deuterium Oxide', 'Edetic Acid', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Lactalbumin', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Proteins', 'Sepharose', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water']
| 16,444,741
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D01.625.062.374', 'D01.875.800.800.850.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D01.045.250.875.200', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.200', 'D01.268.406.500.250', 'D01.362.340.500.250'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['G02.409'], ['D12.776.034.398', 'D12.776.256.159.750.816.250'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.599'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['D12.776'], ['D09.698.813'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of systemic relaxin blood profiles in horses as a means of assessing placental function in high-risk pregnancies and responsiveness to therapeutic strategies.
|
Placental insufficiency is regarded as the primary factor contributing to late-term abortion and perinatal death of foals. Often when problems associated with late-term pregnancy in the horse are manifest the condition is well-advanced and therapeutic intervention may not be effective in rescuing the pregnancy. If a compromised pregnancy due to placental insufficiency could be identified early, the pregnancy might be sustained through medical intervention. Because the placenta is the sole source of circulating relaxin in the mare, we hypothesized that systemic relaxin may serve as a biomarker of placental function and fetal well-being and a predictor of pregnancy outcome at delivery. To test this hypothesis we monitored plasma relaxin in mares (light breeds) with normal and problematic pregnancies from clinical cases presented to the veterinary hospital and in pregnant mares experimentally inoculated with Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus to induce uterine infection. Upon establishment of placentitis, mares were assigned to different therapeutic strategies and responsiveness was monitored. Blood was collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, and relaxin content was determined using a homologous equine relaxin radioimmunoassay. The results reported here show a positive relationship between low circulating relaxin and poor pregnancy outcome in mares with compromised placental function. While relaxin may have value as a diagnostic assay for identifying mares with high-risk pregnancies associated with placental dysfunction, the variable results obtained from mares undergoing drug treatment for experimentally induced placentitis make it difficult to determine the reliability of relaxin for evaluating therapeutic efficacy.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Horses', 'Placental Insufficiency', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Relaxin']
| 19,416,181
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['C13.703.590.800'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D06.472.334.734.769', 'D06.472.699.715', 'D12.644.548.762']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Non-suicidal self-injury prevalence, course, and association with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in two large, representative samples of US Army soldiers.
|
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prospectively predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviors in civilian populations. Despite high rates of suicide among US military members, little is known about the prevalence and course of NSSI, or how NSSI relates to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, in military personnel.METHODS: We conducted secondary analyses of two representative surveys of active-duty soldiers (N = 21 449) and newly enlisted soldiers (N = 38 507) from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of NSSI is 6.3% (1.2% 12-month prevalence) in active-duty soldiers and 7.9% (1.3% 12-month prevalence) in new soldiers. Demographic risk factors for lifetime NSSI include female sex, younger age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, never having married, and lower educational attainment. The association of NSSI with temporally primary internalizing and externalizing disorders varies by service history (new v. active-duty soldiers) and gender (men v. women). In both active-duty and new soldiers, NSSI is associated with increased odds of subsequent onset of suicidal ideation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.66-1.81] and suicide attempts (adjusted OR = 2.02-2.43), although not with the transition from ideation to attempt (adjusted OR = 0.92-1.36). Soldiers with a history of NSSI are more likely to have made multiple suicide attempts, compared with soldiers without NSSI.CONCLUSIONS: NSSI is prevalent among US Army soldiers and is associated with significantly increased odds of later suicidal thoughts and behaviors, even after NSSI has resolved. Suicide risk assessments in military populations should screen for history of NSSI.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Military Personnel', 'Prevalence', 'Self-Injurious Behavior', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Suicide', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 30,131,080
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.625'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.126.980'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A multivariate analysis of long-term stay in private practice psychotherapy.
|
Investigated the characteristics predictive of long-term stay in private practice psychotherapy in a population of 64 "long-term" clients (remained longer than 25 sessions, mean = 47 sessions) and 88 "short-term" clients (terminated before 25 sessions, mean = 7 sessions). Data consisted of T-scores on the intake MMPI and two variables (possession of insurance coverage and use of psychoactive medication) on which long and short-term clients had been found to differ in other research. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed and revealed that MMPI scales 2 and 0 added to the prediction of length of stay in psychotherapy (p < .01). Insurance and medication were significant predictors only when MMPI data were not used.
|
['Humans', 'Insurance, Psychiatric', 'Long-Term Care', 'MMPI', 'Mental Disorders', 'Private Practice', 'Psychotherapy', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Regression Analysis']
| 6,777,401
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.658'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['F04.711.647.513.607'], ['F03'], ['N04.452.758.745'], ['F04.754'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Simultaneous extraction of total RNA and peptides from tissues: application to tachykinins.
|
Methods for extraction and isolation of intact RNA are often laborious, time consuming, and preclude the direct analysis of peptides. Similarly, the conditions for extraction and isolation of peptides are unsuitable for the isolation of intact RNA. Thus, to study changes in the levels of neuropeptides and gene expression of the corresponding mRNAs, separate procedures are required. A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous extraction of RNA and peptides from tissues is described. RNA and peptides are extracted with guanidinium isothiocyanate, followed by delipidation, and peptides are isolated by a simple solid-phase extraction procedure. RNA is isolated by differentially partitioning DNA into an organic phase, followed by precipitation with ethanol. The RNA and peptides isolated by this method are of high yield and quality. Furthermore, this method for RNA isolation is successful and efficient, even with tissues that proved recalcitrant with other procedures, and allows the simultaneous processing of multiple samples. We describe the successful application of this procedure for measuring tachykinins and the corresponding preprotachykinin A mRNA from tissues. Extraction of neuropeptide K, a 36-mer tachykinin, was dramatically more efficient with the present method than other methods in common use.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Peptides', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord', 'Substance P', 'Tachykinins']
| 7,536,324
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.581'], ['D12.644'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D12.644.276.812.900', 'D12.644.400.800', 'D12.644.456.800', 'D12.776.467.812.900', 'D12.776.631.650.800', 'D23.469.050.375.850', 'D23.529.812.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incomplete muscle activation after training with electromyostimulation.
|
Training with voluntary or electromyostimulation (EMS)-evoked eccentric contractions should produce complete muscle activation, since EMS and eccentric contractions preferentially recruit large motor units. Subjects (22 women ages 18-40) were randomly assigned to a voluntary (VOL; n = 8), EMS (n = 8), or control group. VOL and EMS groups trained the quadriceps at the same, increasing force levels 4 times/week for 6 weeks using voluntary or EMS-evoked eccentric contractions. VOL improved voluntary more than EMS-evoked eccentric strength. EMS improved EMS-evoked strength more than voluntary. EMS training improved EMS-evoked eccentric strength more than VOL training improved voluntary eccentric strength. EMS-evoked to voluntary force ratio increased from 0.57 (+/- 0.11) to 1.20 (+/- 0.35) in EMS and did not change in VOL (all changes p < .05). Six of eight EMS subjects produced greater EMS-evoked force posttraining, suggesting incomplete muscle activation after EMS training.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Volition']
| 9,615,868
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['I02.233.543'], ['F02.463.902']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Congenital heart defects in Sotos sequence.
|
Of 10 patients with typical Sotos sequence, 5 had various congenital heart defects. They included 2 patients with secundum atrial septal defect, and one patient each with patent ductus arteriosus with mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid atresia plus pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defect. Increases of head circumference and weight gain were less accelerated in the patients with congenital heart defects than in those without heart defects, while growth in length was comparable between the 2 groups. In view of these findings, it is suggested that the rate of congenital heart defects in patients with Sotos sequence is much higher than that reported in the literature.
|
['Anthropometry', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gigantism', 'Head', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Karyotyping', 'Male']
| 3,565,472
|
[['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C05.116.099.492', 'C05.116.132.479', 'C19.700.355.528'], ['A01.456'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Liver biopsy pathology in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the hepatic changes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Dublin and to assess the usefulness of liver biopsy in this condition.DESIGN: A consecutive series of liver biopsies was examined retrospectively and correlated with clinical findings.METHODS: A histological review was conducted of specimens from all patients who had undergone liver biopsy in a tertiary referral centre for HIV-infected patients in Dublin.RESULTS: Thirty-nine liver biopsies were studied from 36 patients. Thirty-one (86%) showed pathological changes. Non-specific changes were most frequent, followed by viral-induced chronic hepatitis (15 cases). Acute hepatitis was documented in five and cirrhosis in four cases. Five biopsies performed for pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) or suspected tuberculosis showed granulomas. Organisms were rarely identified (2) and bile duct changes were uncommon.CONCLUSIONS: Liver biopsy was useful in detecting primary hepatic pathology and, in some cases, the cause of PUO, but not useful in detecting opportunistic infections despite their known presence in other organs.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Hepatitis', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 9,585,031
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C06.552.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Report of a family segregating mutations in both the APC and MSH2 genes: juvenile onset of colorectal cancer in a double heterozygote.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes are associated with high risk of digestive malignancies [hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); Lynch syndrome]; mutations of APC and MYH are associated with classic and attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Although the early onset of tumors in both syndromes is characteristic of their genetic origin, pediatric malignancies remain rare. Certain reports have found familial colorectal cancer (CRC) occurring in very young patients associated with mutations in more than one gene.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A family corresponding to the Amsterdam criteria for HNPCC, including two cases of colorectal cancer before the age of 25 years, was analyzed for mutations in the MSH2 genes by sequencing. Because polyposis was observed in a patient who developed CRC at age 16, the APC gene was also sequenced.RESULTS: A truncating mutation in the MSH2 gene, c.258_259delTG, was carried by patients developing cancer of the colon (two patients), uterus, kidney, bladder, and/or small intestine at ages 16, 24, 43, 44, 45, and 57, respectively. A patient with CRC at age 16 was found to carry the APC c.3183_3187del5 mutation as well as the MSH2 mutation, and it is inferred that her father, deceased of CRC at age 24, was also a double heterozygote.INTERPRETATION: These results confirm that vigilance is required when interpreting molecular results for families with very young patients, as more than one gene may contribute to the genetic risk. Cancer screening measures must also be adapted to the earlier and more penetrant risk to double heterozygotes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Family', 'Female', 'Genes, APC', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'MutS Homolog 2 Protein', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Young Adult']
| 18,629,513
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.050', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.050'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.074.844.750', 'D08.811.277.040.025.292.750', 'D12.776.260.556.750', 'D12.776.624.664.700.130'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Body fluid spaces in patients on CAPD.
|
Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined in 9 CAPD patients on treatment from 5 to 14 months (mean 8.6 months). The mean value of TBW was normal and directly correlated to body weight, but TBW was abnormally distributed between extracellular and intracellular space. ECW volume was significantly lower than the predicted value (12.1 +/- 1.4 l versus 16.8 +/- 1.9 l) and out of proportion to TBW (34.8 +/- 3.9% versus 47.8 +/- 1.5%). The calculated ICW, therefore, appeared clearly hyperexpanded. The data suggest that cell overhydration was the distinctive feature in our CAPD patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Fluids', 'Body Water', 'Body Weight', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory']
| 6,735,501
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A12.207'], ['A12.207.200'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mutagenesis and Laue structures of enzyme intermediates: isocitrate dehydrogenase.
|
Site-directed mutagenesis and Laue diffraction data to 2.5 A resolution were used to solve the structures of two sequential intermediates formed during the catalytic actions of isocitrate dehydrogenase. Both intermediates are distinct from the enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes. Mutation of key catalytic residues changed the rate determining steps so that protein and substrate intermediates within the overall reaction pathway could be visualized.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Catalysis', 'Computer Graphics', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Isocitrate Dehydrogenase', 'Isocitrates', 'Kinetics', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'NADP', 'Protein Conformation']
| 7,761,851
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.130'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.475'], ['D02.241.081.901.434.498'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of methylguanine methyltransferase polymorphisms as genetic markers of individual susceptibility to therapy-related myeloid neoplasms.
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PURPOSE: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are pre-leukaemic haematopoietic stem cell disorders. Among them, 10-20% occur after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and are called 'therapy-related MDS' (t-MDS). The aim of this study was to identify genetic markers in t-MDS.METHODS: A prospective cohort of 59 MDS patients (39 de novo MDS, 20 t-MDS) was studied. A total of 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) selected among genes involved in DNA repair, drug metabolism and transport, signal transduction and oncogenesis, were genotyped using a custom-made SNP chip.RESULTS: Two non-synonymous SNPs present in the methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene, in complete linkage disequilibrium, were significantly associated with t-MDS: rs2308321 and rs2308327, with a raw p value of 7.4 ? 10(-5) and a corrected p value after Benjamini-Hochberg correction of 0.014. Other associations tested between clinical and cytogenetic features and SNP chip gene variants gave corrected p values above 0.05. A validation cohort was separately constituted of 43 patients (24 de novo MDS, 19 t-MDS) and the two MGMT SNPs were genotyped; it confirmed a significant association between the variant allele of MGMT and t-MDS (p=0.038).CONCLUSION: We thus identified a putative marker of the risk to develop MDS after cancer treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chemoradiotherapy', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'Neoplasms', 'O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 24,238,921
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.186.079', 'E02.319.164', 'E02.815.160'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.348.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['C04'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800.650'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Use of the tac promoter and lacIq for the controlled expression of Zymomonas mobilis fermentative genes in Escherichia coli and Zymomonas mobilis.
|
The Zymomonas mobilis genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase I (adhA), alcohol dehydrogenase II (adhB), and pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and Z. mobilis by using a broad-host-range vector containing the tac promoter and the lacIq repressor gene. Maximal IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside) induction of these plasmid-borne genes in Z. mobilis resulted in a 35-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase I activity, a 16.7-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase II activity, and a 6.3-fold increase in pyruvate decarboxylase activity. Small changes in the activities of these enzymes did not affect glycolytic flux in cells which are at maximal metabolic activity, indicating that flux under these conditions is controlled at some other point in metabolism. Expression of adhA, adhB, or pdc at high specific activities (above 8 IU/mg of cell protein) resulted in a decrease in glycolytic flux (negative flux control coefficients), which was most pronounced for pyruvate decarboxylase. Growth rate and flux are imperfectly coupled in this organism. Neither a twofold increase in flux nor a 50% decline from maximal flux caused any immediate change in growth rate. Thus, the rates of biosynthesis and growth in this organism are not limited by energy generation in rich medium.
|
['Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conjugation, Genetic', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fermentation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Isoenzymes', 'Isopropyl Thiogalactoside', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Pyruvate Decarboxylase', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Zymomonas']
| 1,429,459
|
[['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.728.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D02.886.740.600.500', 'D09.408.320.820.500', 'D09.408.903.600.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.750'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['B03.440.450.980', 'B03.660.050.800.990']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of state-of-the-art myoelectric controllers for multigrasp prosthetic hands.
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A myoelectric controller should provide an intuitive and effective human-machine interface that deciphers user intent in real-time and is robust enough to operate in daily life. Many myoelectric control architectures have been developed, including pattern recognition systems, finite state machines, and more recently, postural control schemes. Here, we present a comparative study of two types of finite state machines and a postural control scheme using both virtual and physical assessment procedures with seven nondisabled subjects. The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) was used in order to compare the effectiveness of the controllers during activities of daily living using a multigrasp artificial hand. Also, a virtual hand posture matching task was used to compare the controllers when reproducing six target postures. The performance when using the postural control scheme was significantly better (p < 0.05) than the finite state machines during the physical assessment when comparing within-subject averages using the SHAP percent difference metric. The virtual assessment results described significantly greater completion rates (97% and 99%) for the finite state machines, but the movement time tended to be faster (2.7 s) for the postural control scheme. Our results substantiate that postural control schemes rival other state-of-the-art myoelectric controllers.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Artificial Limbs', 'Electromyography', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Posture', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Robotics', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'User-Computer Interface', 'Young Adult']
| 25,803,683
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E07.695.050', 'E07.858.082.050', 'E07.858.442.050'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['L01.224.800'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['L01.224.900.910'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhanced Angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in leukocytes of patients with chronic kidney disease.
|
Previously, we demonstrated increased Angiotensin II type I receptor expression in leukocytes from patients with untreated, but not in treated, essential hypertension (essential hypertension). We hypothesized that the Angiotensin II AT1 receptor is also increased in leukocytes from patients with chronic kidney disease, however and can still be corrected with combined anti-hypertensive treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers and statins. Blood pressure, cholesterol, renal function oxidative stress parameters, inflammation, and leukocyte Angiotensin II AT1 receptor mRNA expression were measured both on and (6 weeks) off treatment. Data were compared to data of 10 healthy control subjects. Untreated chronic kidney disease patients (n=20) had higher blood pressure, cholesterol and leukocyte Angiotensin II AT1 receptor mRNA expression, but no different ox-LDL, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, paraoxonase activity or hs-CRP. OxLDL and Lipoprotein(a) were increased in untreated chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor expression inversely correlated with renal function (R(2)=0.15, P<0.03) and Lipoprotein(a) but not with the other parameters. Treatment with RAS blockers and statins normalized blood pressure and cholesterol, however it did not correct enhanced leukocyte Angiotensin II AT1 receptor expression. Leukocyte Angiotensin II AT1 receptor expression is inappropriately high in chronic kidney disease, correlates inversely with renal function and does not depend on antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment. The uremic environment seems to dominate over previously reported actions of high blood pressure and cholesterol to enhance leukocyte Angiotensin II AT1 receptor expression.
|
['Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1', 'Renin-Angiotensin System']
| 21,640,098
|
[['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.750'], ['G03.820', 'G09.330.380.813']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dyotropic rearrangement facilitated proximal functionalization and oxidative removal of angular methyl groups: efficient syntheses of 23'-deoxy cephalostatin 1 analogues.
|
Oxidative functionalization (or removal) of a steroidal C18 methyl group is possible using a previously unknown dyotropic rearrangement of a seven-membered fused C-ring lactone to a 6-ring spiro lactone. Spiroketal equilibration led to the 23-deoxy South analogue of cephalostatin 1 (1) in only 12 steps (23% overall yield) from hecogenin acetate 4, and to strained diene South 1 analogue 30 in 11 steps (28% overall). Total synthesis of 23'-deoxy cephalostatin 1 (3) was accomplished in 16 operations from 4 (9% overall; average 86% yield per operation), and that of 16',17'-dehydro-23'-deoxy cephalostatin 1 (36) in 15 operations from 4 (8% overall; av 84%/op).
|
['Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phenazines', 'Spiro Compounds', 'Spironolactone', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Steroids']
| 11,971,687
|
[['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D03.633.300.704'], ['D02.455.426.779', 'D04.711'], ['D02.540.679', 'D04.210.500.745.745.855'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Appearance of erythrocyte-like globules in the mouse visceral yolk sac endodermal cells on embryonic day 12, with special reference to blood islands.
|
The mouse visceral yolk sac (VYS) is widely known to play an important role as erythropoietic tissue during embryonic periods. Mouse VYS from embryonic days 9 to 12 was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and histochemical analysis with benzidine to detect the presence of hemoglobin with special reference to the development of VYS, the disappearance of the blood islands in VYS, and the appearance of a novel structure in the form of erythrocyte-like globules in VYS endodermal cells. The villous appearance of VYS became complicated by the development of VYS endodermal cells. The blood islands positive for the benzidine reaction were light microscopically detected on embryonic days 9, 10, and 11. They disappeared on embryonic day 12, however. Erythrocyte-like globules positive for the benzidine reaction were not observed in VYS endodermal cells on embryonic days 9, 10, and 11, but then appeared on embryonic day 12, by light and electron microscopy. Erythrocyte-like globules in VYS endodermal cells, which appear after the disappearance of blood islands in VYS, may participate in erythropoiesis during embryonic development.
|
['Animals', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Endoderm', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Pregnancy', 'Yolk Sac']
| 12,801,082
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254'], ['A16.504.407'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A10.615.284.981', 'A16.254.750.981', 'A16.331.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A functional spiking-neuron model of activity-silent working memory in humans based on calcium-mediated short-term synaptic plasticity.
|
In this paper, we present a functional spiking-neuron model of human working memory (WM). This model combines neural firing for encoding of information with activity-silent maintenance. While it used to be widely assumed that information in WM is maintained through persistent recurrent activity, recent studies have shown that information can be maintained without persistent firing; instead, information can be stored in activity-silent states. A candidate mechanism underlying this type of storage is short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP), by which the strength of connections between neurons rapidly changes to encode new information. To demonstrate that STSP can lead to functional behavior, we integrated STSP by means of calcium-mediated synaptic facilitation in a large-scale spiking-neuron model and added a decision mechanism. The model was used to simulate a recent study that measured behavior and EEG activity of participants in three delayed-response tasks. In these tasks, one or two visual gratings had to be maintained in WM, and compared to subsequent probes. The original study demonstrated that WM contents and its priority status could be decoded from neural activity elicited by a task-irrelevant stimulus displayed during the activity-silent maintenance period. In support of our model, we show that it can perform these tasks, and that both its behavior as well as its neural representations are in agreement with the human data. We conclude that information in WM can be effectively maintained in activity-silent states by means of calcium-mediated STSP.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Calcium', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Neurons']
| 32,516,337
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spot scanning proton therapy for malignancies of the base of skull: treatment planning, acute toxicities, and preliminary clinical outcomes.
|
PURPOSE: To describe treatment planning techniques and early clinical outcomes in patients treated with spot scanning proton therapy for chordoma or chondrosarcoma of the skull base.METHODS AND MATERIALS: From June 2010 through August 2011, 15 patients were treated with spot scanning proton therapy for chordoma (n=10) or chondrosarcoma (n=5) at a single institution. Toxicity was prospectively evaluated and scored weekly and at all follow-up visits according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Treatment planning techniques and dosimetric data were recorded and compared with those of passive scattering plans created with clinically applicable dose constraints.RESULTS: Ten patients were treated with single-field-optimized scanning beam plans and 5 with multifield-optimized intensity modulated proton therapy. All but 2 patients received a simultaneous integrated boost as well. The mean prescribed radiation doses were 69.8 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]; range, 68-70 Gy [RBE]) for chordoma and 68.4 Gy (RBE) (range, 66-70) for chondrosarcoma. In comparison with passive scattering plans, spot scanning plans demonstrated improved high-dose conformality and sparing of temporal lobes and brainstem. Clinically, the most common acute toxicities included fatigue (grade 2 for 2 patients, grade 1 for 8 patients) and nausea (grade 2 for 2 patients, grade 1 for 6 patients). No toxicities of grades 3 to 5 were recorded. At a median follow-up time of 27 months (range, 13-42 months), 1 patient had experienced local recurrence and a second developed distant metastatic disease. Two patients had magnetic resonance imaging-documented temporal lobe changes, and a third patient developed facial numbness. No other subacute or late effects were recorded.CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to passive scattering, treatment plans for spot scanning proton therapy displayed improved high-dose conformality. Clinically, the treatment was well tolerated, and with short-term follow-up, disease control rates and toxicity profiles were favorable.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'Chordoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Sparing Treatments', 'Organs at Risk', 'Proton Therapy', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Relative Biological Effectiveness', 'Skull Base Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,304,948
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.450.565.280', 'C04.557.450.795.300'], ['C04.557.465.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.674'], ['A01.635'], ['E02.815.250.500'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['N06.850.810.250.275'], ['C04.588.149.721.828', 'C05.116.231.754.829'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Repositioning errors in measurement of vertebral attenuation values by computed tomography.
|
Difficulty in repositioning makes a major contribution to reproducibility errors in measurements of bone mineral by computed tomography (CT). The magnitude of measurement variations arising from incremental movements in each of three directions of displacement and two directions of rotation were investigated using two sections of cadaver spines each including three vertebral bodies. Within the range of variation in position readily attainable by currently available scan plane selection techniques, changes in measured attenuation were small. Estimated variations resulting from compounded errors of different movements averaged 8.3 Hounsfield units for a single vertebra and 4.9 Hounsfield units for three adjacent vertebrae. The largest change in measured attenuation which could be attributed with 95% confidence to repositioning error within the quoted limits of scan plane selection was estimated to be approximately 15HU for a single vertebra and 8HU for three adjacent vertebrae.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Minerals', 'Posture', 'Reference Values', 'Rotation', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 6,850,211
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['D01.578'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G01.482.703'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Formation of gamma-glutamycyst(e)ine in vivo is catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
|
These studies indicate that gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine, found in the urine of a patient with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency and also in the urine of experimental animals injected with glutathione or with inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, is formed by the action of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The evidence demonstrates that transpeptidation between glutathione and cystine occurs in vivo and also that this reaction constitutes a significant physiological function of the enzyme. The appearance of large amounts of gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine in the urine seems to reflect an inhibitory effect of glutathione on the transport of gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine into cells. The findings also indicate that conversion of glutathione to gamma-glutamylcysteine by hydrolytic cleavage of the COOH-terminal glycine moiety of glutathione (or analogous cleavage of glutathione disulfide) is not a quantitatively significant pathway. The results reported here show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity is not completely absent in a patient found to have a deficiency of this enzyme and that the activity of the enzyme is not abolished in experimental animals treated with potent gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors.
|
['Animals', 'Cysteine', 'Dipeptides', 'Glutamates', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Kidney', 'Mice', 'Pancreas', 'Pyridines', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 6,114,489
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A03.734'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Liver-enriched Genes are Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
|
Tissue-enriched genes are highly expressed in one particular tissue type and represent distinct physiological processes. The dynamic profile of tissue-enriched genes during tumorigenesis and progression remains largely unstudied. Here, we identified tissue-enriched genes from 12 tissue types based on RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and found that the liver had the largest number of such genes among the 12 tissue types. The characteristics of liver-enriched genes were further investigated. Most liver-enriched genes were downregulated and metabolism-related genes, which were associated with pathological stage and dedifferentiation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypermethylation might be a mechanism underlying the downregulation of liver-enriched genes. We constructed a liver-enriched gene set and demonstrated that it is associated with the prognosis of the patients with HCC both in the TCGA cohort and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Moreover, we discovered that the degree of the dissimilarity between tumors and normal tissues was correlated with the prognosis of patients with HCC and the biological behaviours of the tumors. These results will help identify prognostic biomarkers of patients with HCC, and enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Organ Specificity', 'Prognosis', 'SEER Program', 'Transcriptome']
| 30,046,116
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624'], ['G07.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Region-specific genetic heterogeneity of HBB mutation distribution in South-Western Greece.
|
beta-Thalassemia (beta-thal), is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta-globin chains resulting in impaired erythropoiesis. It is the most common single gene defect disease in Greece, with heterozygous rates reaching, on average, 8% in the general population. Here, we performed molecular analyses on 199 unrelated beta-thal and compound beta-thal/sickle cell disease patients, of whom 157 originated from three prefectures of South-Western Greece, namely Achaia, Ilia and Etoloakarnania. Our results indicate that the frequency of specific HBB gene mutations, namely the HBB:c.118C>T (codon 39, C>T), HBB:c.92+6T>C (IVS-I-6, T>C), and HBB:c.20A>T [Hb S, beta6(A3)Glu-->Val, GAG>GTG], present distinct distribution patterns in the Achaia and Ilia prefectures (p < 0.001, p < 0.003 and p < 0.002, respectively). This detailed analysis of the distribution of the HBB gene mutations is useful for genetic counseling in the region, and illustrates that the identification of the HBB gene mutation spectrum in this region is necessary for population carrier screening and for efficient provision of prenatal diagnosis.
|
['DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetic Heterogeneity', 'Genetic Testing', 'Geography', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Prevalence', 'beta-Globins', 'beta-Thalassemia']
| 20,642,331
|
[['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G05.330'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['G05.365.331'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['H01.277.500'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D12.776.124.400.434.325', 'D12.776.422.316.762.403.325'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875.150', 'C15.378.420.826.150', 'C16.320.070.875.150', 'C16.320.365.826.150']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of Substrate Concentration on the Culturability of Heterotrophic Soil Microbes Isolated by High-Throughput Dilution-to-Extinction Cultivation.
|
The vast majority of microbes inhabiting oligotrophic shallow subsurface soil environments have not been isolated or studied under controlled laboratory conditions. In part, the challenges associated with isolating shallow subsurface microbes may persist because microbes in deeper soils are adapted to low nutrient availability or quality. Here, we use high-throughput dilution-to-extinction culturing to isolate shallow subsurface microbes from a conifer forest in Arizona, USA. We hypothesized that the concentration of heterotrophic substrates in microbiological growth medium would affect which microbial taxa were culturable from these soils. To test this, we diluted cells extracted from soil into one of two custom-designed defined growth media that differed by 100-fold in the concentration of amino acids and organic carbon. Across the two media, we isolated a total of 133 pure cultures, all of which were classified as Actinobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria The substrate availability dictated which actinobacterial phylotypes were culturable but had no significant effect on the culturability of Alphaproteobacteria We isolated cultures that were representative of the most abundant phylotype in the soil microbial community (Bradyrhizobium spp.) and representatives of five of the top 10 most abundant Actinobacteria phylotypes, including Nocardioides spp., Mycobacterium spp., and several other phylogenetically divergent lineages. Flow cytometry of nucleic acid-stained cells showed that cultures isolated on low-substrate medium had significantly lower nucleic acid fluorescence than those isolated on high-substrate medium. These results show that dilution-to-extinction is an effective method to isolate abundant soil microbes and that the concentration of substrates in culture medium influences the culturability of specific microbial lineages.IMPORTANCE Isolating environmental microbes and studying their physiology under controlled conditions are essential aspects of understanding their ecology. Subsurface ecosystems are typically nutrient-poor environments that harbor diverse microbial communities-the majority of which are thus far uncultured. In this study, we use modified high-throughput cultivation methods to isolate subsurface soil microbes. We show that a component of whether a microbe is culturable from subsurface soils is the concentration of growth substrates in the culture medium. Our results offer new insight into technical approaches and growth medium design that can be used to access the uncultured diversity of soil microbes.
|
['Actinobacteria', 'Alphaproteobacteria', 'Arizona', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Centrifugation', 'Culture Media', 'Forests', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 31,996,418
|
[['B03.510.024', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049'], ['B03.660.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.100'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.181'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Recycling and reuse of wastewater from a new-developed community using sand filtration, ultrafiltration, and ozonation.
|
In this study, the pilot apparatus combined with sand filtration, ozonation and ultrafiltration was established. Wastewater from the secondary treatment effluent in the new-developed community was taken as the sample for looking into the feasibility of domestic wastewater reuse and recycling. The test results by sand filtration, sand filtration/ultrafiltration, sand filtration/ozonation, and sand filtration/ultrafiltration/ozonation were compared for looking for appropriate treatment processes applied in the domestic wastewater reuse and recycling. Finally, cost analysis was carried out and sand filtration/ozonation process was suggested to be one of the best processes. The total cost is about 0.1-0.32 USD dollars per cubic meter of produced water by considering the capital and operation cost for five years in the small domestic wastewater treatment plant (50-750 CMD).
|
['Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Cost Control', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Filtration', 'Oxidants, Photochemical', 'Ozone', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Water Pollutants', 'Water Purification']
| 14,524,686
|
[['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['N03.219.151.160'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['D27.720.642.631', 'D27.888.569.540.631'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['D27.888.284.903'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mortality and hospitalisation costs of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand.
|
AIMS: To estimate the annual mortality and the cost of hospital admissions for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) for New Zealand residents.METHODS: Hospital admissions in 2000-2009 with a principal diagnosis of ARF or RHD (ICD9_AM 390-398; ICD10-AM I00-I099) and deaths in 2000-2007 with RHD as the underlying cause were obtained from routine statistics. The cost of each admission was estimated by multiplying its diagnosis-related group (DRG) cost weight by the national price for financial year 2009/2010.RESULTS: There were on average 159 RHD deaths each year with a mean annual mortality rate of 4.4 per 100, 000 (95% confidence limit 4.2, 4.7). Age-adjusted mortality was five- to 10-fold higher for M?ori and Pacific peoples than for non-M?ori/Pacific. The mean age at RHD death (male/female) was 56.4/58.4 for M?ori, 50.9/59.8 for Pacific and 78.2/80.6 for non-M?ori, non-Pacific men and women. The average annual DRG-based cost of hospital admissions in 2000-2009 for ARF and RHD across all age groups was $12.0 million (95% confidence limit $11.1 million, $12.8 million). Heart valve surgery accounted for 28% of admissions and 71% of the cost. For children 5-14 years of age, valve surgery accounted for 7% of admissions and 27% of the cost. Two-thirds of the cost occurs after the age of 30.CONCLUSIONS: ARF and RHD comprise a burden of mortality and hospital cost concentrated largely in middle age. M?ori and Pacific RHD mortality rates are substantially higher than those of non-M?ori/Pacific.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hospital Costs', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'New Zealand', 'Rheumatic Fever', 'Rheumatic Heart Disease', 'Young Adult']
| 22,494,452
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.400.687', 'N03.219.262.500', 'N05.300.375.500'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731', 'C05.550.114.843', 'C05.799.825'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731.649', 'C14.280.874'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estimating yields of salt- and water-stressed forages with remote sensing in the visible and near infrared.
|
In arid irrigated regions, the proportion of crop production under deficit irrigation with poorer quality water is increasing as demand for fresh water soars and efforts to prevent saline water table development occur. Remote sensing technology to quantify salinity and water stress effects on forage yield can be an important tool to address yield loss potential when deficit irrigating with poor water quality. Two important forages, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum L.), were grown in a volumetric lysimeter facility where rootzone salinity and water content were varied and monitored. Ground-based hyperspectral canopy reflectance in the visible and near infrared (NIR) were related to forage yields from a broad range of salinity and water stress conditions. Canopy reflectance spectra were obtained in the 350- to 1000-nm region from two viewing angles (nadir view, 45 degrees from nadir). Nadir view vegetation indices (VI) were not as strongly correlated with leaf area index changes attributed to water and salinity stress treatments for both alfalfa and wheatgrass. From a list of 71 VIs, two were selected for a multiple linear-regression model that estimated yield under varying salinity and water stress conditions. With data obtained during the second harvest of a three-harvest 100-d growing period, regression coefficients for each crop were developed and then used with the model to estimate fresh weights for preceding and succeeding harvests during the same 100-d interval. The model accounted for 72% of the variation in yields in wheatgrass and 94% in yields of alfalfa within the same salinity and water stress treatment period. The model successfully predicted yield in three out of four cases when applied to the first and third harvest yields. Correlations between indices and yield increased as canopy development progressed. Growth reductions attributed to simultaneous salinity and water stress were well characterized, but the corrections for effects of varying tissue nitrogen (N) and very low leaf area index (LAI) are necessary.
|
['Agriculture', 'Medicago sativa', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Physiological Phenomena', 'Plant Transpiration', 'Salts', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Time Factors', 'Triticum', 'Water']
| 16,738,391
|
[['J01.040'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.590.500'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G15'], ['G15.713'], ['D01.786'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Outcome of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia in second or subsequent complete remission.
|
The outcome of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who achieve a complete response (CR) on salvage therapy is thought to be poor, but not previously analyzed. To define the course of adult ALL post CR on salvage therapy and the effects of pretreatment factors on prognosis. One hundred seventy-two adults with ALL who achieved a second or third CR on salvage therapy were reviewed. Prognostic factors affecting survival were analyzed by multivariate analysis. The median survival post achieving CR for the entire group was 10 months. The estimated 1-year survival rate was 42%. Forty-three patients underwent stem cell transplant in subsequent CR: their median survival was 12 months and the 3-year survival rate was 25%. Independent poor prognostic factors for survival were age > 55 years, duration of first CR < 12 months, and lactate dehydrogenase levels > 1000 IU/L. This analysis defines the outcome of adult ALL in CR post salvage therapy and the prognostic factors influencing survival. These results could be used in assessing the efficacy of new treatments aimed at improving CR durations and survival post salvage therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prognosis', 'Remission Induction', 'Risk Factors', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 20,078,325
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E02.895'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The surgical case of a 34-year-old female patient with a metastatizing double colon tumor with different histological structure, causing mechanical obstruction].
|
We would like to present the case of a young woman (age 34) who was admitted to our department due to unbearable colicky pain, which started one week prior to her hospitalization. Examinations revealed mechanical obstruction, which is very unusual in her age without surgical history. During emergency surgery, we found descending colon tumour which was invading the abdominal wall with pelvic carcinomatosis at the border of the sigmoid colon. Due to extreme colonic dilation and impending rupture of the colonic serosa, we performed a subtotal colectomy with ileosigmoid anastomosis. In addition, pelvic peritonectomy was carried out, too. The histopathological examination of the resected part demonstrated adenocarcinoma of the descending-sigmoid colon, as well as another - histologically different - tumour (a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC]), which would not have been discovered, because it was invisible and impalpable. However, this latter tumour was responsible for the peritoneal metastases.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Colectomy', 'Colon, Sigmoid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Sigmoid Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,747,403
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.035'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['E04.210.219'], ['A03.556.124.526.356.668', 'A03.556.249.249.356.668'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['C04.651'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180.800', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180.800', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180.800', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180.800', 'C06.405.469.158.850.850', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult mice heterozygote for Engrailed1.
|
Engrailed1 and Engrailed2 (En1 and En2) are two developmental genes of the homeogene family expressed in the developing midbrain. En1 and, to a lesser degree, En2 also are expressed in the adult substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), two dopaminergic (DA) nuclei of the ventral midbrain. In an effort to study En1/2 adult functions, we have analyzed the phenotype of mice lacking one En1 allele in an En2 wild-type context. We show that in this mutant the number of DA neurons decreases slowly between 8 and 24 weeks after birth to reach a stable 38 and 23% reduction in the SN and VTA, respectively, and that neuronal loss can be antagonized by En2 recombinant protein infusions in the midbrain. These loss and gain of function experiments firmly establish that En1/2 is a true survival factor for DA neurons in vivo. Neuronal death in the mutant is paralleled by a 37% decrease in striatal DA, with no change in serotonin content. Using established protocols, we show that, compared with their wild-type littermates, En1+/- mice have impaired motor skills, an anhedonic-like behavior, and an enhanced resignation phenotype; they perform poorly in social interactions. However, these mice do not differ from their wild-type littermates in anxiety-measuring tests. Together, these results demonstrate that En1/2 genes have important adult physiological functions. They also suggest that mice lacking only one En1 allele could provide a novel model for the study of diseases associated with progressive DA cell death.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Death', 'Dopamine', 'Female', 'Genetic Carrier Screening', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Male', 'Mesencephalon', 'Mice', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Motor Activity', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Survival Analysis']
| 17,267,560
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.146'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E01.370.225.562.250', 'E05.200.562.250', 'E05.393.435.250', 'N02.421.308.200', 'N02.421.726.233.221.250'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Generic, simple risk stratification model for heart valve surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: Heart valve surgery has an associated in-hospital mortality rate of 4% to 8%. This study aims to develop a simple risk model to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing heart valve surgery to provide information to patients and clinicians and to facilitate institutional comparisons.METHODS AND RESULTS: Data on 32,839 patients were obtained from the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland on patients who underwent heart valve surgery between April 1995 and March 2003. Data from the first 5 years (n=16,679) were used to develop the model; its performance was evaluated on the remaining data (n=16,160). The risk model presented here is based on the combined data. The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.4%. The risk model included, in order of importance (all P<0.01), operative priority, age, renal failure, operation sequence, ejection fraction, concomitant tricuspid valve surgery, type of valve operation, concomitant CABG surgery, body mass index, preoperative arrhythmias, diabetes, gender, and hypertension. The risk model exhibited good predictive ability (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.78) and discriminated between high- and low-risk patients reasonably well (receiver-operating characteristics curve area, 0.77).CONCLUSIONS: This is the first risk model that predicts in-hospital mortality for aortic and/or mitral heart valve patients with or without concomitant CABG. Based on a large national database of heart valve patients, this model has been evaluated successfully on patients who had valve surgery during a subsequent time period. It is simple to use, includes routinely collected variables, and provides a useful tool for patient advice and institutional comparisons.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Databases, Factual', 'Heart Valves', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Knowledge Bases', 'Models, Statistical', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 15,998,680
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['A07.541.510'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.050.375.480', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and risk of fracture].
|
A 60-year-old man, who did administrative work, consulted for evaluation of the presence of osteoporosis. He smoked ten cigarettes a day and drank alcohol occasionally. Eight years ago he suffered a Colle's fracture in his right arm after an incidental fall, which resolved without complications. His mother had a hip fracture when she was 78 years old. The patient weighed 89.4 kg and his height was 165 cm (BMI 38 kg/m(2)). The DXA showed a T-score -2.4 at lumbar spine and -1.9 at femoral neck. He had suffered a myocardial infarction one year ago and is presently taking statin, a beta-blocker and enalapril. In summary, this is a male with a background of fracture due to fragility, with lumbar BMD close to those established as diagnostic of osteoporosis and he also has cardiovascular disease. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
|
['Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Osteoporosis', 'Osteoporotic Fractures', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Risk']
| 21,798,531
|
[['D27.505.696.242'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['C26.404.545'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Time course of preferential motor unit loss in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
Electromyographical analyses of pre-symptomatic motor unit loss in the SOD1 G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have yielded contradictory findings as to the onset and time course. We recorded hindlimb muscle and motor unit isometric forces to determine motor unit number and size throughout the life span of the mice. Motor unit numbers in fast-twitch tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and medial gastrocnemius muscles declined from 40 days of age, 50 days before reported overt symptoms and motoneuron loss. Motor unit numbers fell after overt symptoms in the slow-twitch soleus muscle. Muscle forces declined in parallel with motor unit numbers, indicating little or no functional compensation by sprouting. Early muscle-specific decline was due to selective preferential vulnerability of large, fast motor units, innervated by large motoneurons. Large motoneurons are hence the most vulnerable in ALS with die-back occurring prior to overt symptoms. We conclude that size of motoneurons, their axons, and their motor unit size are important determinants of motoneuron susceptibility in ALS.
|
['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Animals', 'Axons', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Size', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch', 'Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch', 'Muscle Strength', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Superoxide Dismutase-1', 'Time Factors', 'Wallerian Degeneration']
| 17,766,128
|
[['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G04.146'], ['G04.325'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.600', 'A11.620.249.400'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.700', 'A11.620.249.700'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C23.550.737'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D08.811.682.881.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C23.550.737.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A longitudinal study of cerebral blood flow over the first 30 months.
|
To investigate prospectively the development of cerebral perfusion during infancy, serial quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) volume were performed in two healthy children from birth up to the age of 30 mo. A total of 28 CBF volume measurements were done in either of the children. Absolute flows were measured in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries on both sides. Blood flow was calculated as the product of angle-corrected time-averaged flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of the vessel. Starting from 67 and 80 mL/min, respectively, at birth an almost 10-fold increase of CBF volume was observed in both children during the examination period. Half of this rise occurred during the first 6 mo, probably reflecting the steep metabolic incline during this period of synaptogenesis. The continuous increase in CBF volume after the sixth month of life mainly corresponds to brain growth. Estimated CBF (based on estimated brain weights) increased from 21 and 23 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1), respectively, after birth to 46 and 53 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1), respectively, during the first 6 mo of life in both children, remaining stable thereafter. This study is the first to provide longitudinal data of CBF during the first 30 mo after birth.
|
['Adolescent', 'Blood Circulation Time', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Reference Values', 'Time Factors']
| 19,668,104
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.370.120'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Functional characterization of the Shigella dysenteriae heme ABC transporter.
|
The heme ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ShuUV, of Shigella dysenteriae has been incorporated into proteoliposomes. Functional characterization of ShuUV revealed that ATP hydrolysis and transport of heme from the periplasmic binding protein, ShuT, to the cytoplasmic binding protein, ShuS, are coupled. Site-directed mutagenesis of ShuT residues proposed to be required for stabilization of the complex abolished heme transport. Furthermore, residues His-252 and His-262, located in the translocation channel of ShuU, were required for the release of heme from ShuT and translocation to ShuS. The initial functional characterization of an in vitro heme uptake system provides a platform for future spectroscopic studies.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biological Transport', 'Heme', 'Histidine', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Shigella dysenteriae']
| 18,616,281
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G03.143'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['B03.440.450.425.850.350', 'B03.660.250.150.730.125']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Host habitat patchiness and the distance decay of similarity among gastro-intestinal nematode communities in two species of Mastomys (southeastern Senegal).
|
Beta-diversity, or how species composition changes with geographical distance, has seldom been studied for different habitats. We present here quantitative estimates of the relationship between geographic distance and similarity of parasitic nematode communities in two closely related rodent host species that live in habitats with very different spatial configurations. In southeastern Senegal Mastomys natalensis lives exclusively inside human villages whereas M. erythroleucus is continuously distributed outside villages. Both host species and their gastro-intestinal nematodes were sampled on the same spatial scale. Beta-diversity was found to be higher in parasite communities of M. erythroleucus than in those of M. natalensis, and significantly related to geographic distance in this first species. Even on the local spatial scale studied, host dispersal limitation, and stochastic events, may affect species turnover in nematode communities of M. erythroleucus. In M. natalensis, no relationship was found between geographic distance and nematode community similarity, however, suggesting low host dispersal rates between habitat patches. Together with previous population genetic results, this study illustrates the need for different approaches with regard to dispersal in natural populations and its effect on biodiversity.
|
['Animals', 'Demography', 'Ecosystem', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Murinae', 'Nematoda', 'Population Density', 'Senegal']
| 17,351,796
|
[['B01.050'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505'], ['B01.050.500.500.294'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['Z01.058.290.190.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Biological rhythms and depression].
|
Circadian rhythms are found in all living organisms, and represent a physiological correlate of the geophysical rhythm of day and night. These rhythms are endogenous in nature, driven by a pacemaker in the hypothalamus, and synchronized to the 24-hour day. Many of the symptoms of affective illness can be considered in terms of altered timing of circadian rhythms. Furthermore, total or partial sleep deprivation or phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle can induce remission (albeit temporary) in many depressive patients, and antidepressant drugs influence circadian rhythm characteristics. Bright light may have antidepressant properties in certain seasonally recurring depressives.
|
['Antidepressive Agents', 'Arousal', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Seasons', 'Sleep Deprivation']
| 2,431,475
|
[['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F03.084.500'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Defunctioning loop ileostomy for pelvic anastomoses: predictors of morbidity and nonclosure.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity of a defunctioning loop ileostomy and the subsequent closure rate, and to identify the predictors of complications and nonclosure of stoma.DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review of a single-institution experience.PATIENTS: All patients who underwent a planned temporary defunctioning loop ileostomy performed synchronously with a pelvic anastomosis during a 6-year period were included.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were the ileostomy complication rate for the entire spectrum of care, readmission and reoperation rates to treat ileostomy complications, and subsequent closure rate. Patient and treatment factors were evaluated for their independent effect on complications and closure rate with the use of multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three patients were identified (median age, 51 years). Of these patients, 64.2% developed ?1 minor or major ileostomy complications (13.8% during index hospitalization, 52.8% as outpatient, and 23.4% after closure). Readmitted for dehydration following ileostomy formation were 11.4% of patients. The ileostomy was closed in 76.4% of patients with 8.6% requiring a midline laparotomy. The overall ileostomy-related reoperation rate was 10.4% (2.4% during index hospitalization, 1.6% at readmission, and 6.4% following ileostomy closure). Obesity (BMI ?30 kg/m) was associated with a higher overall ileostomy complication rate (OR 8.56, 95% CI 1.64-44.74) and outpatient complication rate (OR 7.69, 95% CI 2.48-23.81). Age >65 years (OR 53.34, 95% CI 4.21-676.14) and hypertension (OR 8.36, 95% CI 1.09-64.43) increased the risks of high ileostomy output and dehydration. Obesity (OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.14-18.54) and smoking (4.47, 95% CI 1.43-13.98) decreased the likelihood of ileostomy closure.LIMITATION: This study was limited by its retrospective nature.CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity of a defunctioning loop ileostomy remains significant. Obesity is an independent predictor of ileostomy complications. Older age and hypertension increase the risks of high-output stoma and dehydration. Almost one quarter of patients never have the ileostomy closed. Obesity and smoking are associated with less likelihood of a subsequent ileostomy closure.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Anastomotic Leak', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileostomy', 'Ileum', 'Intestine, Large', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Failure', 'Wound Closure Techniques', 'Young Adult']
| 22,228,160
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['C23.550.767.071'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.210.338.508', 'E04.579.338.508'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A03.556.124.526', 'A03.556.249.249'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['E04.987'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Restoring In Vivo-Like Membrane Lipidomics Promotes Exosome Trophic Behavior from Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells.
|
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an effective tool in regenerative medicine notably for their intrinsic plentiful paracrine activity rather than differentiating properties. The hMSC secretome includes a wide spectrum of regulatory and trophic factors, encompassing several naked molecules as well as different kinds of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among EVs, exosomes represent an intriguing population, able to shuttle proteins, transcription factors, and genetic materials, with a relevant role in cell-to-cell communication, modulating biological responses in recipient cells. In this context, the extracellular milieu can greatly impact the paracrine activity of stem cells, modifying their metabolism, and the dynamics of vesicle secretion. In the present study, we investigated the effects elicited on exosome patterning by tailored, ad hoc formulated lipid supplementation (Refeed®) in MSCs derived from human fetal membranes (hFM-MSCs). Wound healing experiments revealed that stem cell exposure to exosomes obtained from Refeed®-supplemented hFM-MSCs increased their migratory capability, although the amount of exosomes released after Refeed® supplementation was lower than that yielded from non-supplemented cells. We found that such a decrease was mainly due to a different rate of exosomal exocytosis rather than to an effect of the lipid supplement on the endocytic pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis was modified by supplementation, through the upregulation of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1á (IRE1á). Increased expression of these proteins did not lead to stress-induced, unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated apoptosis, nor did it affect phosphorylation of p38 kinase, suggesting that PERK and IRE1á overexpression was due to augmented metabolic activities mediated by optimization of a cellular feeding network afforded through lipid supplementation. In summary, these results demonstrate how tailored lipid supplementation can successfully modify the paracrine features in hFM-MSCs, impacting both intracellular vesicle trafficking and secreted exosome number and function.
|
['Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Exosomes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy']
| 29,562,775
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (malignant melanoma of soft parts): report of 2 cases.
|
Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (CCSTA, malignant melanoma of soft parts), first described by Enzinger in 1965, is a rare and slow-growing soft tissue tumor mainly affecting the extremities of young adults. The tumor is believed to be a tumor of melanocyte, although its histogenesis is not definitely established. Here we report 2 cases of CCSTA with typical clinical and pathological features. A tumor grew from the right ankle of a 32-year-old man (case 1) and from the left foot of an 18-year-old woman (case 2). The tumors were deep seated and intimately bound to tendons or aponeuroses without involvement of the overlying skin. Grossly, they were greyish white, variegated with brown or black patches. Histologically, the tumor cells were arranged in nests or fascicles and composed of fusiform or polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of closely apposed cells with intracytoplasmic melanosomes. Case 1 was found to have distant metastases within 6 months and died 1 year later. Case 2 received postoperative radiotherapy and was free of recurrence or metastasis 14 months after operation. The treatment of CCSTA should include radical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The prognosis is poor.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Tendons']
| 2,621,435
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.588.839'], ['A02.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of JAK kinases and STAT proteins by interleukin-2 and interferon alpha, but not the T cell antigen receptor, in human T lymphocytes.
|
The activation of Janus protein tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins by interleukin (IL)-2, the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and interferon (IFN) alpha was explored in human peripheral blood-derived T cells and the leukemic T cell line Kit225. An IL-2-induced increase in JAK1 and JAK3, but not JAK2 or Tyk2, tyrosine phosphorylation was observed. In contrast, no induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAKs was detected upon stimulation of the TCR. IFN alpha induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and Tyk2, but not JAK2 or JAK3. IFN alpha activated STAT1, STAT2 and STAT3 in T cells, but no detectable activation of these STATs was induced by IL-2. However, IL-2 regulates the DNA binding and tyrosine phosphorylation of two STAT-like protein complexes which do not include STAT1, STAT2 or STAT3. STAT4 is not activated by IL-2. The activation of STAT5 cannot be excluded, so the IL-2-activated complexes most probably include at least one novel STAT. No STAT activity was detected in TCR-stimulated lymphocytes, indicating that the JAK/STAT pathway defined in this study constitutes an IL-2R-mediated signaling event which is not shared by the TCR. Finally, in other cell types the correlation between JAK1 activation and the induction of STAT1 has suggested that JAK1 may activate STAT1. The observation that IL-2 and IFN alpha activate JAK1 to a comparable degree, but only IFN alpha activates STAT1, indicates that JAK1 activation is not the only determining factor for STAT1 activation. Moreover, the data show that JAK1 stimulation is also not sufficient for STAT3 activation.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interleukin-2', 'Janus Kinase 1', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Trans-Activators', 'Tyrosine']
| 7,988,557
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.100', 'D12.776.476.393.100'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Application of surfactant assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for sample preparation of chlorophenols in water samples.
|
A simple, rapid, and efficient method, based on surfactant assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the extraction and determination of chlorophenols as model compounds in environmental water samples. A conventional cationic surfactant called cethyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a disperser agent in the proposed approach. Thirty-five microliter of 1-octanol as an extraction solvent was injected rapidly into 11 mL aqueous sample containing 0.09 mmol L(-1) of CTAB, the mixture was then shaken for 3 min to disperse the organic phase. Having the extraction procedure been completed, the mixture was centrifuged and 20 ìL of collected phase was injected into HPLC for subsequent analysis. Some parameters such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, the type and concentration of surfactant, pH, ionic strength, shaking time, extraction temperature and centrifugation time were optimized. The preconcentration factors (PFs) in a range of 187-353 were obtained under the optimum conditions. The linear range, detection limit (S/N=3), and precision (n=5) were 0.2-200, 0.1 ìg L(-1), and 4.7-6.9%, respectively. Tap water, sea water and mineral water samples were successfully analyzed for the existence of chlorophenols using the proposed method.
|
['Cetrimonium', 'Cetrimonium Compounds', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Chlorophenols', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Solvents', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 20,875,589
|
[['D02.092.877.883.111.500', 'D02.675.276.190.500'], ['D02.092.877.883.111', 'D02.675.276.190'], ['E05.196.155'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.261.190', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.190'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D27.720.877'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Adapting the IDEAL Framework and Recommendations for medical device evaluation: A modified Delphi survey.
|
INTRODUCTION: Current regulatory systems for medical device marketing approval lack adequate requirements for evidence of safety and efficacy. The Total Product Life Cycle (TPLC) concept, with clinical use and marketing expanding as evidence develops, has won support, but lacks a template to define evidence requirements at different stages. The IDEAL Framework & Recommendations, originally developed for new surgical procedures, might provide such a template, but may require modification.METHODS: We conducted a Delphi expert consensus exercise to determine how IDEAL might be modified to accommodate the needs of device regulation. 34 experts were invited to participate in 3 rounds of questioning, with feedback of the results of each round to participants before the next.RESULTS: 27 of 34 experts responded in at least one survey round. Experts agreed that, after appropriate modifications, IDEAL could form an evidence template for a TPLC-based regulatory system. Necessary modifications include a new Stage 0 should guide reporting of pre-clinical studies, expansion of registries to all stages, and omission of IDEAL stages 2 and 3 for "successor" devices under certain conditions.DISCUSSION: A standard approach to TPLC evaluation of medical devices does not currently exist. The IDEAL Framework, if modified appropriately, could fill such a void and improve the safety of new medical devices.
|
['Delphi Technique', 'Equipment and Supplies', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 26,876,957
|
[['L01.906.197'], ['E07'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Investigations on health-related properties of two sepiolite samples.
|
Published i.p. injection studies have shown different biological behavior of different sepiolite samples. There was no evidence for carcinogenic potential of sepiolite from Vicalvaro, Spain, whereas a high tumor incidence was reported for sepiolite from Finland. The low biological activity of the sepiolite from Vicalvaro, compared to the Finnish sample, could be caused by low in vivo persistence or by the short length of the fibers, or both. In this study a further sepiolite sample, obtained as a commercial sample originating from China, was investigated. This sample contained a higher fraction of fibers longer than 5 microns, comparable to the Finnish sepiolite sample. The fraction of fibers with a length > 5 microns was 0.12 and 2.2% for the Vicalvaro and Chinese sepiolite, respectively. For the fiber fraction longer than 8 microns, the corresponding values were 0.0045 and 0.82%. The in vivo persistence of the sepiolite samples from China and Vicalvaro was analyzed after intratracheal instillation of 2 mg in female Wistar rats. Fiber retention in the lungs was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy at different sacrifice dates up to 12 months after application. For the Vicalvaro sepiolite, a splitting of fiber bundles was found during retention time in the lung. Therefore, no half-time of the fiber clearance could be calculated from the number of fibers. The decrease of the calculated retained fiber mass was faster for the Vicalvaro sepiolite (T1/2 = 89 days) compared to the Chinese sepiolite (T1/2 = 129 days). For 2 or 3 rats per group, at sacrifice date 12 months after i.p. injection, the lung was investigated by histopathology. The main difference between both treatment groups was a more pronounced fibrotic response in the Chinese sepiolite-treated rats compared to those treated with Vicalvaro sepiolite. It is concluded that both the higher fraction of long sepiolite fibers and the slower elimination rate of the fiber mass in the Chinese sample were important factors for the different biological reaction in comparison with Vicalvaro sepiolite.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Female', 'Lung Diseases', 'Magnesium Silicates', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Organ Size', 'Particle Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 9,400,699
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['B01.050'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['C08.381'], ['D01.524.500', 'D01.578.725.500', 'D01.837.725.700.760.535'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['G02.712'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Possible factors influencing the immunoglobulin G concentration in swine colostrum.
|
The immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration in swine colostrum was determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method, using 157 samples collected from farm-raised sows in the Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan during 1976 and 1977. The mean IgG value was 53.03 mg/ml, and the maximum and minimum values were 101.39 mg/ml and 11.74 mg/ml, respectively. The amount of IgG varied greatly among sows. To clarify the possible factors influencing the amount of IgG in colostrum, the following items were surveyed: season, district, breed, age of sows, number of parturitions, udder section from which samples were collected, kind of feed, vaccinations of swine erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine, tramsmissible gastroenteritis liver-virus vaccine, type of farming, and number of sows raised on a farm. Relationships between the amount of IgG in colostrum and each of these 13 items were analyzed. Seemingly, strong correlations with the amounts if IgG in colostrum were found with five items (district, number of parturitions, kind of feed, type of farming, and number of sows). To the contrary, five items (age, udder section, and vaccinations of swine erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, and Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine) had poor correlations. Other items had moderate correlations. The multiple correlation coefficient obtained was 0.5499.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Breeding', 'Classical Swine Fever Virus', 'Colostrum', 'Female', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Seasons', 'Swine', 'Transmissible gastroenteritis virus', 'Vaccination']
| 6,254,410
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.125'], ['A12.200.194'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.075.500.500'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Stability of radiothyroxine plasma disappearance curve despite catharsis and unblocked thyroidal uptake of radioiodide.
|
Plasma radioactivity was measured over 21 days after an intravenous injection of 50 muCi of 125I-T4 in eight normal men. No thyroid-blocking medication was given. Four subjects (castor oil group) received 30 ml of castor oil on each of Days 13, 14, and 15, while the other four subjects (control group) were studied without medication. After A 5-day equilibration period, plasma 125I-T4 was measured on Days 5-13 in order to calculate the disappearance curve for each subject and to derive the mean for each experimental group. The curves were then extrapolated to Day 21. Measured radioactivity did not depart significantly from the extrapolated line, either during the castor oil period (Days 14, 15, and 16) or during the recovery period (Days 17, 19, and 21). The castor oil, therefore, had no observable effect on the clearance of plasma radioactivity. None of the subjects had a late increase in plasma radioactivity to suggest recirculation of radioiodide or buildup of iodoproteins. In normal subjects, radiothyroxine plasma levels up to 21 days are not significantly affected by short-term catharsis or by failure to block thyroidal radioiodide uptake.
|
['Adult', 'Cathartics', 'Humans', 'Iodine', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroxine']
| 1,271,113
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.483.396'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['A06.300.900'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of caponization and different exogenous androgen on the bone characteristics of male chickens.
|
The effects of caponization and androgen implantation on the bone characteristics of male chickens were evaluated. Healthy Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels were caponized or sham operated (sham) at 12 wk old. Sixteen birds from each group were selected for a 14-wk experiment in trial 1. Sixteen birds from the sham group and 64 from the caponized group (randomly allocated into 4 treatments) were implanted with 10.4 +/- 0.4 mg (1.62-mm i.d., 3.6-mm o.d.) of cholesterol, testosterone (TES), 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT), or 19-nortestosterone (19-NorT) and were assigned to trial 2 for a 14-wk experiment. The results from trial 1 showed that caponization increased BW (P < 0.05) and decreased tibia stress, ash content, and P content with higher blood P concentration (P < 0.05) as compared with the sham group. In trial 2, the cholesterol implantation group showed the lowest tibia breaking strength, bending moment, stress, and ash content (P < 0.05). The 19-NorT implantation group showed decreased (P < 0.05) blood Ca and P concentration but increased tibia ash and P content, reaching the same level as the sham group (P > 0.05). The adverse effects of caponization on bone characteristics could be improved using androgen implantation. Among the implantation groups, the 19-NorT implantation group showed the best improvement in tibia breaking strength and bending moment, followed by the TES and 5alpha-DHT groups. The TES group showed the best improvement in tibia stress, followed by the 19-NorT and 5alpha-DHT groups.
|
['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcium', 'Chickens', 'Cholesterol', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Implants', 'Male', 'Nandrolone', 'Orchiectomy', 'Phosphorus', 'Random Allocation', 'Tensile Strength', 'Testosterone', 'Tibia', 'Weight Gain']
| 17,032,832
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D26.255.210.315'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.638', 'D06.472.334.851.968.976'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G01.374.850'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Modification of the discharge of lateral geniculate neurons during visual learning.
|
Visually conditioned heart rate change in the pigeon has been developed as a vertebrate model system for cellular analysis of associative learning. Previous studies have characterized the behavior, largely delineated the neural circuitry mediating the conditioning, and estimated the central processing time for the conditioned response. Most recently, this system has been used to investigate neuronal activity during conditioning along the visual pathways that transmit the conditioned stimulus (CS) information. It was first shown that neither maintained nor CS-evoked discharge of retinal ganglion cells changes during conditioning. Subsequently, we found that the thalamic and telencephalic components of the ascending tectofugal pathway show associative modification. We report here studies of the thalamofugal pathway, the avian homolog of the mammalian geniculocortical system. Single-cell activity was recorded in the thalamic relay of this pathway, the dorsal lateral geniculate equivalent (LGNe). This provided an opportunity to evaluate the generality of the training-induced modification found along the tectofugal pathway, and to determine if such modification occurs as peripherally as retinorecipient neurons. The results show that almost all LGNe neurons (97%) respond phasically to the onset of whole-field illumination. Most (94%) also respond to the unconditioned stimulus (US), footshock, some with increased and others with decreased discharge. Of cells receiving convergent input, those responding with decreased discharge to the US showed associative change (52%). Neurons that did not respond to both the CS and US, or that responded to the US with increased discharge, did not show associative modification. These findings suggest that the visual pathways transmitting CS information are not merely input lines, but undergo training-induced modification; such modification can occur as peripherally as the retinorecipient neurons of these pathways; and CS-US convergence is necessary but not sufficient for associative modification, since modifiability is apparently contingent on specific US response properties.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Association Learning', 'Columbidae', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Female', 'Geniculate Bodies', 'Heart Rate', 'Learning', 'Light', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 3,958,787
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.444'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Structure of water in the vicinity of amphoteric polymers as revealed by Raman spectroscopy.
|
The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in an aqueous solution of amphoteric copolymers (poly(MA-r-DMAPMA), 3x10(3)<M(w)<10(4)) composed of various ratios of methacrylic acid (MA) and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide (DMAPMA) were analyzed using the band shapes of the OH stretching in the polarized Raman spectra. The number of hydrogen bonds disrupted due to the presence of one monomer residue (N(corr) value) evaluated for poly(methacrylic acid) was largely positive, and with an increase in the content of the DMAPMA residue, the N(corr) value became smaller, and after passing a minimum (which was still slightly positive) at a roughly equivalent molar ratio (P(M(47)D(53)); M, methacrylic acid; D, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide), increased again. This is in a significant contrast with the largely positive N(corr) values for the homopolymers of MA and DMAPMA, and other ordinary polyelectrolytes. The small N(corr) value for P(M(47)D(53)) was comparable to those for water-soluble nonionic polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic polymers such as polycarboxybetaine. These results suggested that the balance of electric charges in polymeric materials is important to be inert to the structure of vicinal water.
|
['Electrochemistry', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Polymers', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Water']
| 17,543,983
|
[['H01.181.529.307'], ['G02.282'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-fat diet triggers obesity-related early infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue and transient reduction of blood monocyte count.
|
Infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is a typical feature of obesity, and circulating immune cells may indicate immune cell accumulation. However, it remains unclear whether this is true in the early stages of obesity. This study aimed to define the role of blood monocytes in obesity and the relationship between blood monocytes and ATMs in early-stage obesity. Two groups of male C57BL/6 J mice were fed on a 60 % high-fat diet (HFD) or a 10 % fat normal diet (ND), respectively, and monitored at 1, 2, 3, 7, and 12 weeks. Populations of circulating blood monocytes (CD11b + CD115+), ATMs (F4/80+CD11b+), and their subtypes were collected and analyzed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Some cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1â) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL7) were also analyzed by real-time PCR. HFD induced obesity, dramatic fat expansion, and accumulation of ATMs in mice after 12 weeks. However, an acute and transient reduction of circulating monocyte count, elevated expression of CD11c in ly6clow monocytes, and concurrent infiltration of ATMs into visceral adipose tissues (VAT) were observed as early as 1 week after initiating HFD. Further, HFD-induced changes in VAT, but not blood monocyte count, were partially reversed upon reverting to ND for 6 weeks. An acute but transient reduction of blood monocyte count was observed at the early stages of HFD feeding, which might be related to early infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissues. We believe that blood monocytes could be targeted as a new obesity treatment following additional studies.
|
['Animals', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Monocytes', 'Obesity']
| 31,778,913
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of conserved histidines in the structure and stability of human papillomavirus type 16 E2 DNA-binding domain.
|
The E2 protein of papillomavirus is the key regulator of viral transcription and replication. Dimerization, which takes place via its conserved C-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD), is critical for these functions. The presence and conservation of two histidines (H290 and H320) at or near the dimer interface suggests the importance of their roles in protein structure and stability that was explored by mutating them to neutral alanine. The H290A mutant but not the H320A mutant showed a significant change in the secondary as well as tertiary structure, as monitored by far- and near-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence. We show that the wild-type DBD was more stable than either of the two histidine mutants at pH 7.5 but that the order of stability changed with pH, where, at pH 4.5, the H290A mutant was most stable. Although H290 is important for pH dependence of the stability, it is not critical for dimerization or folding. The determination of pKa values for the solvent-exposed histidine residues shows that the surface properties of the protein change with pH, suggesting different interactions that can be made by the protein in response to cellular acidification. Moreover, identification of residues crucial for E2 stability will help in the design of modified proteins with desired characteristics.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Binding Sites', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dimerization', 'Histidine', 'Human papillomavirus 16', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Oncogene Proteins, Viral', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Protein Folding']
| 17,260,970
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['B04.280.210.655.050.616', 'B04.613.204.655.050.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.624.664.520', 'D12.776.964.700'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prenatal lead exposure enhances methamphetamine sensitization in rats.
|
Adult female rats were exposed to lead-free sodium acetate via gavage [0 mg (vehicle control)] or to 16 mg lead as lead acetate for 30 days prior to breeding. Following confirmation of breeding, the female animals continued to be exposed to their respective doses throughout gestation and lactation. When weaned, 16 control and 16 lead-exposed offspring were placed on regular water and food (lead-exposure was discontinued) until postnatal day (PND) 70. At this time, one-half of the control animals and one-half of the lead-treatment animals received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the vehicle (saline) for 10 successive days and the remaining animals in each exposure conditions received daily injections of 1.0 mg/kg (+)-methamphetamine (METH) for 10 days (N=8/group). Locomotion in automated chambers was monitored daily for 45 min post-injection. Subsequently, during dose-effect testing, all animals received consecutive daily i.p. injections of 0, 1.0, 2.0, and then 4.0 mg/kg METH. The results of the experiment showed that both control and lead-exposed animals exhibited heightened locomotor activity (i.e. behavioral sensitization) to the repeated administration of 1.0 mg/kg METH. More importantly, animals developmentally (perinatally) exposed to lead showed more rapid sensitization than did their control counterparts. These data indicate that early lead exposure increases sensitivity to the locomotor-stimulating effects of METH. In contrast, identically exposed lead animals exhibit diminished METH dose-effect responding when tested in an intravenous (i.v.) self-administration paradigm [Rocha A., Valles R., Bratton G.R., Nation J.R. Developmental lead exposure alters methamphetamine self-administration in the male rat: acquisition and reinstatement. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008a;95:23-29, Rocha A., Valles R., Hart N., Bratton G.R., Nation J.R. Developmental lead exposure attenuates methamphetamine dose-effect self-administration performance and progressive ratio responding in the male rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008b;89:508-514].
|
['Amphetamine-Related Disorders', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Lead', 'Lead Poisoning, Nervous System', 'Male', 'Methamphetamine', 'Motor Activity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Self Administration', 'Stereotyped Behavior']
| 19,433,104
|
[['C25.775.225', 'F03.900.225'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C10.720.475.400', 'C25.723.522.750.500'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.619'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E02.319.890', 'E02.900.890'], ['F01.145.896']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of pro- and antifibrotic genes in protocol biopsies from renal allografts with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.
|
AIM: Better understanding of early onset of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), as the morphological surrogate of renal allograft deterioration might improve outcome after renal transplantation.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We quantified mRNA expression of 3 profibrotic (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (TIMP-1)) and 1 antifibrotic (matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2)) molecule in protocol biopsies from renal allografts. From 107 transplants, two sequential protocol biopsies (6 weeks and 6 months) were analyzed. We evaluated a control group showing no IF/TA in both biopsies (n = 65) and a IF/TA group developing IF/TA at 6 months (n = 42). Expression data were correlated with clinical and histological risk factors for IF/TA and allograft function.RESULTS: The expression of the genes correlated strongly with each other, particularly the profibrotic genes and in patients who developed IF/TA. Analyzing protocol biopsies from stable grafts, not all patients in both groups showed increased gene expression. In patients with increased gene expression a significantly higher tTG expression (matrix stabilization) at 6 weeks and a significantly lower MMP-2 expression (failure in matrix degradation) at 6 months were observed in the IFTA group compared to controls. Multivariate logistic regression revealed donor age positively and TIMP-1 expression at 6 weeks inversely correlated with IF/TA at 6 months.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a disturbance in the equilibrium of pro- and antifibrotic pathways is decisive for early onset of IF/TA in renal allografts: insufficient degradation of exaggerated matrix production apparently changes the balance in the direction of IF/TA.
|
['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Biopsy', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Gene Expression', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 18,538,116
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C23.550.355'], ['G05.297'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Can Preoperative Sex-Related Differences in Hemostatic Parameters Predict Bleeding in Orthognathic Surgery?
|
PURPOSE: Bleeding volume in orthognathic surgery (OS) varies considerably, although OS comprises standardized procedures and the patient population consists of young healthy individuals. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the influence of preoperative sex-related differences in hemostatic parameters on intraoperative bleeding (IOB) volume in OS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients scheduled for routine OS in our department in Esbjerg, Denmark, were included as study patients in this short-term cohort study. The primary predictor variable was patient sex, and the primary outcome variable was IOB volume measured in milliliters. Secondary outcome variables included preoperative measures of hematologic variables, thromboelastography, fibrinogen concentration, D-dimer concentration, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) concentration, and type of osteotomy. Data analyses included the ÷(2) test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson product moment correlation analysis, and analysis of covariance for analyses of dichotomous variables, comparison between sex, correlations between IOB volume and secondary predictors, and adjustment for confounders, respectively.RESULTS: Forty-one consecutive patients undergoing bimaxillary OS were included and subsequently grouped according to sex (26 men and 15 women). The main finding was that male patients bled twice as much as female patients on average (400 mL [interquartile range, 300 to 500 mL] vs 200 mL [interquartile range, 63 to 288 mL]; P = .001). Age and preoperative measures of thromboelastography, fibrinogen concentration, D-dimer concentration, and F1+2 concentration were significantly associated with sex (P = .001, P = .002, P = .007, and P = .014, respectively). The significant association between sex and IOB volume disappeared when adjusted for these confounders (P = .18).CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative sex-related increases in measures of fibrin turnover predict IOB volume in bimaxillary OS, with women displaying a significantly lower IOB volume than men.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Denmark', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orthognathic Surgical Procedures', 'Sex Factors']
| 27,083,576
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.545.562', 'E04.555.580.289', 'E06.645.562'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Unexpected photolysis of the sunscreen octinoxate in the presence of the sunscreen avobenzone.
|
A major concern raised about photostability studies of sunscreen products is that the photodegradation of sunscreens does not readily translate into changes in product performance. This study examines the correlation between photochemical degradation of sunscreen agents and changes in protection provided by sunscreen films. Films of a commercial sunscreen product containing avobenzone, oxybenzone and octinoxate were irradiated using a fluorescent UV-A phototherapy lamp with additional UV-B blocking filter. Periodically, during irradiation the transmittances of the films were measured and samples collected for chemical analysis of the sunscreen agents using high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The results show that UV-induced changes in UV transmittance of sunscreen films correlate with changes in concentration of sunscreen agents. In a parallel experiment, we also irradiated a thin film of the same product in the cavity of an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. We report the concomitant photolysis of avobenzone and octinoxate that predominates over expected E/Z photoisomerization and that irradiation of a film of this product produced free radicals detected by ESR spectroscopy that persisted even after exposure had ended.
|
['Chalcones', 'Cinnamates', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Photochemistry', 'Photolysis', 'Propiophenones', 'Sunscreening Agents', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 15,560,736
|
[['D02.522.818.222', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.221', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.221'], ['D02.241.223.200'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['G02.740.685'], ['D02.522.818'], ['D27.505.696.706.776.800', 'D27.505.954.444.695', 'D27.720.269.800', 'D27.720.799.763.764'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pre-neuronal morphological processing of object location by individual whiskers.
|
In the vibrissal system, touch information is conveyed by a receptorless whisker hair to follicle mechanoreceptors, which then provide input to the brain. We examined whether any processing, that is, meaningful transformation, occurs in the whisker itself. Using high-speed videography and tracking the movements of whiskers in anesthetized and behaving rats, we found that whisker-related morphological phase planes, based on angular and curvature variables, can represent the coordinates of object position after contact in a reliable manner, consistent with theoretical predictions. By tracking exposed follicles, we found that the follicle-whisker junction is rigid, which enables direct readout of whisker morphological coding by mechanoreceptors. Finally, we found that our behaving rats pushed their whiskers against objects during localization in a way that induced meaningful morphological coding and, in parallel, improved their localization performance, which suggests a role for pre-neuronal morphological computation in active vibrissal touch.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anesthetics', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Brain Mapping', 'Hair Follicle', 'Male', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Movement', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors', 'Vibrissae', 'Video Recording', 'Wakefulness']
| 23,563,582
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A10.272.497.500', 'A17.360.710', 'A17.815.250.500'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E05.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A13.950'], ['L01.280.960'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Collagenase in synovial fluid.
|
Free collagenase activity was demonstrated in all 13 normal, 5 osteoarthrotic and 54 rheumatoid synovial fluids studied. Osteoarthrotic, normal, and rheumatoid fluids showed a free collagenase content increasing in that order. However, the total activities after trypsin activation did not differ significantly. The concentrations of alpha1-at and alpha2-M in synovial fluids reflected those in sera. The complex interactions between serum inhibitors, and free or latent collagenase released from both synovial cells and leukocytes are discussed.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Humans', 'Microbial Collagenase', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Trypsin', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin', 'alpha-Macroglobulins']
| 79,218
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.500'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['D12.644.861.035', 'D12.776.124.050.070', 'D12.776.124.790.106.085', 'D12.776.377.715.085.085', 'D12.776.395.068', 'D12.776.872.035'], ['D12.776.124.050.080', 'D12.776.124.790.106.100', 'D12.776.124.790.720.100', 'D12.776.377.715.085.100', 'D12.776.377.715.647.100']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of breaking up of the anterior border membrane of the vitreous body on the localization of anterior-chamber intraocular lenses].
|
Cataract extraction with implantation of an anterior chamber lens was performed in 83 patients (118 eyes). In 3 patients occurred an intraoperative breaking up of the anterior limiting vitreous membrane. It had no influence on the early or late localization of the implanted lens. In the postoperative course one could observe the breaking up of the anterior limiting vitreous membrane in 1 case only; the vitreous pucker caused a delicate deflection of the implanted lens without causing any deterioration of the visual acuity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anterior Chamber', 'Aphakia, Postcataract', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reoperation', 'Rupture', 'Vitreous Body']
| 1,821,012
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A09.371.060.067'], ['C11.510.103.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.690'], ['C26.761'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The amygdala central nucleus is required for acute stress-induced bladder hyperalgesia in a rat visceral pain model.
|
Chronic stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic visceral pain conditions, such as interstitial cystitis (IC), and bouts of acute stress exacerbate clinical urological pain. Studies using animal models have shown that exposure to chronic footshock stress augments reflex responses to urinary bladder distension (UBD) in animal models, however acute effects in animal models are largely unknown, as are the central nervous system mechanisms of stress-related increases in nociception. The amygdala is a salient structure for integration of sensory and cognitive/emotional factors. The present study determined the role of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in stress-related bladder hypersensitivity. We examined the effects of CeA manipulations (lesions and chemical stimulation) on visceromotor responses (abdominal muscle contractions) to UBD in adult, female Sprague-Dawley rats. We report that acute footshock stress produces bladder hyperalgesia that can be prevented by bilateral CeA lesions, despite no effect of lesions on baseline somatic sensation, as indicated by flinch/jump thresholds to electrical shock. Further, acute glucocorticoid stimulation of the CeA recapitulated stress-induced hyperalgesia. Of note is that CeA lesions, but not chemical stimulation, significantly affected HPA axis activation, as indicated by measurements of circulating corticosterone. Our findings conclusively show that the CeA is necessary for the generation of bladder hyperalgesia in response to acute stress. The CeA may play multiple stress-related roles in nociceptive modulation, i.e., via direct facilitation of the HPA axis during acute stress, or via modulation of other systems that augment acute stress responsiveness.
|
['Animals', 'Central Amygdaloid Nucleus', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electroshock', 'Female', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Nociception', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Visceral Pain']
| 25,698,616
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.180.090.750', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152.750'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.723.402.403', 'F04.669.224'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['F02.463.593.504.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C23.888.592.612.720.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of 99mTc-sestamibi-18F-fluorodeoxyglucose dual isotope simultaneous acquisition and rest-stress 99mTc-sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography for the assessment of myocardial viability.
|
Dual isotope simultaneous acquisition single photon emission computed tomography (DISA SPECT) offers the advantage of obtaining information on myocardial perfusion using Tc-sestamibi ( Tc-MIBI) and metabolism using F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( F-FDG) in a single study. The prerequisite is that the Tc-MIBI images are not degraded by scattered 511 keV photons or poor count statistics due to the lower efficiency of the extra high energy (EHE) collimator. Therefore, we compared the registered Tc-MIBI uptake and image quality of DISA and single isotope acquisition. Furthermore, we investigated whether DISA yields additional information for the assessment of myocardial viability in comparison with rest-stress Tc-MIBI. Nineteen patients with known coronary artery disease and irreversible perfusion defects on previous rest-stress MIBI test studies were investigated. After oral glucose loading and simultaneous injection of 600 MBq of Tc-MIBI and 185 MBq of F-FDG at rest, DISA was performed using energy windows of 140 (+/-15%), 170 (+/-20%) and 511 keV (+/-15%). Planar 140 keV images were corrected for scatter by subtraction using the 170 keV window. The single and dual isotope Tc-MIBI images were both displayed in a polar map with 128 segments normalized to maximum counts. F-FDG and Tc-MIBI images were visually scored for a perfusion-metabolism mismatch pattern using nine regions per heart. There was an excellent correlation (r =0.93, P<0.0001) between the Tc-MIBI uptake detected in the single and dual isotope acquisition. The average difference between the dual and single isotope Tc-MIBI uptake was -1.2% (not significantly different from zero) and the coefficient of variation of the difference was 8.7%. Of the 79 regions with irreversible perfusion defects on previous rest-stress Tc-MIBI, six regions in five patients showed a perfusion-metabolism mismatch pattern. We conclude that DISA does not affect the quality of the Tc-MIBI images. Furthermore, F-FDG- Tc-MIBI DISA may show viability in a small but significant (7.6%, P<0.0034) number of regions with irreversible perfusion defects on rest-stress Tc-MIBI.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 12,612,465
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['G03.295'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D02.626.872', 'D02.691.825.937'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Detergent-like action of the antibiotic peptide surfactin on lipid membranes.
|
Surfactin is a bacterial lipopeptide with powerful surfactant-like properties. High-sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry was used to study the self association and membrane partitioning of surfactin. The critical micellar concentration (CMC), was 7.5 microM, the heat of micellization was endothermic with DeltaH(w-->m)(Su) = +4.0 kcal/mol, and the free energy of micellization DeltaG(O,w-->m)(Su) = -9.3 kcal/mol (25 degrees C; 100 mM NaCl; 10 mM TRIS, 1 mM EDTA; pH 8.5). The specific heat capacity of micellization was deduced from temperature dependence of DeltaH(w-->m)(Su) as DeltaC(w-->m)(P) = -250 +/- 10 cal/(mol.K). The data can be explained by combining the hydrophobicity of the fatty acyl chain with that of the hydrophobic amino acids. The membrane partition equilibrium was studied using small (30 nm) and large (100 nm) unilamellar POPC vesicles. At 25 degrees C, the partition coefficient, K, was (2.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) M(-1) for large vesicles leading to a free energy of DeltaG(O, w-->b)(Su) = -8.3 kcal/mol. The partition enthalpy was again endothermic, with DeltaH(w-->b)(Su) = 9 +/- 1 kcal/mol. The strong preference of surfactin for micelle formation over membrane insertion explains the high membrane-destabilizing activity of the peptide. For surfactin and a variety of non-ionic detergents, the surfactant-to-lipid ratio, inducing membrane solubilization, R(sat)(b), can be predicted by the simple relationship R(sat)(b) approximately K. CMC.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Calorimetry', 'Detergents', 'Lipopeptides', 'Liposomes', 'Micelles', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Solubility', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics']
| 11,509,367
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.131'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['D10.477', 'D12.644.365'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sebaceous lymphadenoma of the lip: report of a case of minor salivary gland origin.
|
A case of sebaceous lymphadenoma occurring in the lip of a 73-year-old female is described. The patient had noticed a painless mass in the region of her upper lip for a year. The surgically removed tumor, measuring about 10 mm in diameter, was located just beneath the lip mucosa, expanding into the submucosal and muscle layer. Histologically, the tumor was well encapsulated and consisted of scattered round-shaped islands of small squamous epithelial cells with focal but apparent sebaceous differentiation in a background of lymphoid stroma. This is the first case report of sebaceous lymphadenoma of minor salivary gland origin.
|
['Aged', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lip Neoplasms', 'Lymphocytes', 'Lymphoma', 'Salivary Gland Neoplasms', 'Salivary Glands, Minor', 'Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 12,076,329
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.436'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.591.550', 'C07.465.409.640', 'C07.465.530.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['C04.588.443.591.824', 'C07.465.530.824', 'C07.465.815.718'], ['A03.556.500.760.650', 'A10.336.779.650', 'A14.549.760.650'], ['C04.588.805.578', 'C17.800.794.712', 'C17.800.882.712'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Family structure and income inequality in families with children, 1976 to 2000.
|
Using 24 years of data from the March supplements to the Current Population Survey and detailed categories of family structure, including cohabiting unions, I assess the contribution of changes in family structure to the dramatic rise in family income inequality. Between 1976 and 2000, family structure shifts explain 41% of the increase in inequality, but the influence of family structure change is not uniform within this period or across racial-ethnic groups. In general, the estimated role of family structure change is inversely related to the magnitude of the changes in inequality. Furthermore, by including cohabitation, I find lower levels of total inequality and a weaker role for demographic shifts in family structure for trends in income inequality.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Child', 'Data Collection', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty', 'Social Class', 'United States']
| 17,051,821
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Aspects of the development and sex specific prevalence of psychogenic diseases in children and adults in relation to genetic and environmental factors].
|
We investigated a sample of one hundred twins as to their neurotic disturbances in childhood and adulthood. The hereditary factor was of greater effect with the continuing neuroses of childhood than with the weakening neuroses in childhood. But a certain effect of the hereditary factor could not be denied with neuroses manifesting themselves only in adulthood. According to our results the hereditary factor in childhood is not stronger than in adulthood, with adults it is as effective. Particular neurotic symptoms show influences of the hereditary factor in respect to depressive, maladaptive oral and maladaptive aggressive disturbances of behavior and difficulties in forming interpersonal relationships. In respect to stuttering, disturbances of the urogenital system and intelligence and occupational development a certain hereditary factor is very probable. Sex influences also have a certain effect: Behavioral disorders in childhood are found in the male sex, the female sex rather shows psychic symptoms.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Diseases in Twins', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Personality Development', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Environment']
| 1,853,651
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.550', 'F03.650'], ['F01.752.747'], ['F04.754.709'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata inhibit invasion of hepatocarcinoma via MMP/TIMP in vitro.
|
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Targeting the process of metastasis has been proposed as a strategy to fight cancer. Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used for treatment of many diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to determine the anti-metastatic effect of total flavonoids of S. barbata (TF-SB) using the human hepatocarcinoma MHCC97H cell line with high metastatic potential. Our results show that TF-SB could significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of MHCC97H cells in a dose-dependent manner. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were obviously decreased after TF-SB treatment at both the mRNA and protein level. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression were simultaneously increased. The present study indicates that TF-SB could reduce the metastatic capability of MHCC97H cell, probably through decrease of the MMP expression, and simultaneous increase of the TIMP expression.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Flavonoids', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Plant Extracts', 'Scutellaria', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2']
| 23,344,202
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.942'], ['D12.776.645.875.450'], ['D12.776.645.875.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Semi-automated 96-well liquid-liquid extraction for quantitation of drugs in biological fluids.
|
A semi-automated liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique for biological fluid sample preparation was introduced for the quantitation of four drugs in rat plasma. All liquid transferring during the sample preparation was automated using a Tomtec Quadra 96 Model 320 liquid handling robot, which processed up to 96 samples in parallel. The samples were either in 96-deep-well plate or tube-rack format. One plate of samples can be prepared in approximately 1.5 h, and the 96-well plate is directly compatible with the autosampler of an LC/MS system. Selection of organic solvents and recoveries are discussed. Also, precision, relative error, linearity and quantitation of the semi automated LLE method are estimated for four example drugs using LC/MS/MS with a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. The applicability of this method and future directions are evaluated.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Autoanalysis', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Microcomputers', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Rats', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Solvents']
| 10,727,132
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.059'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E05.196.566'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['D26'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Safeguarding good scientific practice: new institutional approaches in Germany.
|
After summarising three recent case histories of alleged scientific misconduct in Germany, the efforts of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Council) and the Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (German Rectors' Conference) to promote academic and procedural safeguards in favour of professional self-regulation in science and scholarship are described in outline.
|
['Ethics', 'Ethics Committees', 'Germany', 'Scientific Misconduct', 'Universities']
| 11,273,436
|
[['K01.752.566.479', 'N05.350'], ['K01.752.566.479.147', 'N04.452.758.788.300', 'N05.350.268', 'N05.700.685.300'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['K01.752.566.479.915.500', 'N05.350.979.500'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Central skeletal sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic disease.
|
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease that histologically typically shows non-caseating granulomas. The most common radiologic finding is hilar and mediastinal adenopathy. Patients with widely disseminated disease may show involvement of the peripheral appendicular skeleton in 1-13% of such cases. A primary skeletal presentation without other manifestations typical of the disease is rare. We present a case of sarcoidosis in a middle-aged Caucasian man in whom the disease presented with widespread lytic lesions in the axial skeleton and long bones, mimicking metastatic disease. There was no involvement of the peripheral skeleton, skin or lungs.
|
['Biopsy', 'Bone Diseases', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,401,580
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C05.116'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E01.171'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['C15.604.515.827'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing risk factors for obesity between childhood and adolescence: I. Birth weight, childhood adiposity, parental obesity, insulin, and leptin.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of body weight, body composition, parental obesity, and metabolic variables on the development of obesity in a large cohort of 5-year-old Native American children with a high propensity for obesity.METHODS: During the summer months of 1992 to 1995 and again 5 years later, 138 (65 boys and 73 girls) 5-year-old Pima Indian children were studied. Height; weight; body composition; parental obesity; and fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and leptin concentrations were determined at baseline and follow-up. Linear regression models were used to assess the effect of the baseline variables on the development of obesity.RESULTS: At both 5 and 10 years of age, Pima Indian children were heavier and fatter than an age- and gender-matched reference population. All anthropometric and metabolic variables tracked strongly from 5 to 10 years of age (r > or = 0.70). The most significant determinant of percentage of body fat at 10 years of age was percentage of body fat at 5 years of age (R(2) = 0.53). The combined effect of high maternal body mass index, elevated fasting plasma leptin concentrations, and low fasting plasma insulin concentrations at baseline explained an additional 4% of the total variance in adiposity at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Although parental obesity and metabolic variables such as insulinemia and leptinemia at baseline account for a small percentage of the variance in adiposity at follow-up, early childhood obesity is the dominant predictor of obesity 5 years later. These results suggest that strategies to prevent childhood obesity must be initiated at a very early age.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Anthropometry', 'Birth Weight', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Composition', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Insulin', 'Leptin', 'Linear Models', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Risk Assessment']
| 12,165,582
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Analysis of the mineral element contents of axenic and natural Dunaliella salina].
|
The contents of eleven mineral elements, including Mg, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Cr contents of axenic and natural Dunaliella salina and their culture supernatants in the different period of exponential phase were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS). The results show as follows: (1) The contents of Mg, Fe, K, Ca, and Na are between 1 and 10 mg x g(-1). The contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni are between 0.1 and 1 mg x g(-1). There are little Cd and Cr in the microalgae. (2) The changes in the content of mineral elements of axenic and natural Dunaliella salina during different phases are almost the same. The contents of Mg, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mn and Cu decreased along with the growth of the microalgae, especially the content of Ca. The contents of Mg, Fe, K, Ca and Na in the culture supernatants keep stable in the culture process and have no distinct difference among axenic and natural Dunaliella salina. But the contents of Cu and Mn in the culture supernatants increased greatly in the middle and end of exponential phase. (3) The contents of Mg, K, Cu, and Ni show no significant differences in axenic and natural microalgae. The contents of Fe, Ca, Na and Zn in the natural microalgae decreased greatly in the middle of exponential phase and were less than in axenic one, but increased at the end of exponential phase and were higher than in axenic one. These results provide reference for further to applying the resource of Dunaliella salina and studying the relationship of microalgae and associated bacteria in the culture.
|
['Chlorophyta', 'Minerals', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic']
| 20,828,008
|
[['B01.650.940.150'], ['D01.578'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prognostic performance of three lymph node staging schemes for patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction.
|
The prognostic performance of different lymph node staging schemes for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to compare the prognostic efficacy of the number of lymph node metastases (LNMs), the positive lymph node ratio (LNR) and the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS). Patients diagnosed with Siewert type II AEG were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Harrell's C-index statistic, Schemper's proportion of explained variation (PEV), the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and restricted cubic spine analyses were adopted to assess the predictive accuracy of LNM, LNR and LODDS. A total of 1302 patients with post-surgery Siewert type II AEG were included. LNM, LNR and LODDS all showed significant prognostic value in the multivariate Cox regression analyses. LODDS performed higher predictive accuracy than LNM and LNR, with relatively higher C-index, higher Schemper's PEV value and lower AIC value. For patients with no nodes involved, LODDS still performed significantly discriminatory utility. LODDS showed more accurate prognostic performance than LNM and LNR for post-surgery Siewert type II AEG, and it could help to detect survival heterogeneity for patients with no positive lymph nodes involved.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagogastric Junction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging']
| 28,860,457
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['A03.556.875.500.414', 'A03.556.875.875.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Fluorometric determination of hydrochlorothiazide in body fluids by direct measurement of thin-layer chromatographic plates (author's transl)].
|
Two fluorometric methods for analysis of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) are described utilizing direct measurement of thin-layer plates. The first method employs a modification of the Bratton-Marshall reaction and is therefore applicable to all aromatic primary amines. Following diazotation and azocoupling of the HCT hydrolysis product, a fluorescent group is added to the compound. For this purpose N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine is first coupled with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-oxadiazole. In the second method, the intrinsic fluorescence of underivatized HCT, following its extraction from plasma, urine or saliva, is used. It is shown that the sensitivity of this method is sufficient for estimating the kinetics following oral administration of 25 mg HCT.
|
['Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Humans', 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'Methods', 'Saliva', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 914,951
|
[['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.590.700.135.261.476', 'D02.886.655.500.261.476', 'D03.633.100.174.261.476'], ['E05.581'], ['A12.200.666'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Coagulopathy induced by continuous infusion of high doses of human lymphoblastoid interferon.
|
Seven patients with myeloblastic leukemia were treated for 10 days with high-dose (15 or 30 million units/m2/day), human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) by continuous iv infusion. All patients developed prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and four developed prolonged prothrombin time. Factor assays demonstrated low levels of II, VII, IX, X, and XII. Coagulation abnormalities improved after discontinuation of interferon therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Coagulation Disorders', 'Blood Coagulation Factors', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Interferon Type I', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 3,856,479
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.100'], ['D12.776.124.125', 'D23.119'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in aberrant DNA methylation along multistep gastric carcinogenesis.
|
CpG island hypermethylation is frequently found during gastric carcinogenesis. We investigated methylation profiles of p16, LOX, HAND1, THBD, p41ARC, and APC along multistep gastric carcinogenesis and determined their association with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methylation levels in these six genes were evaluated in noncancerous gastric biopsy specimens using quantitative methylation-specific PCR in 459 patients with gastric cancer (GC), 137 with dysplasia, and 248 controls. Controls were divided into four subgroups sorted by current H. pylori infection status (active vs past or negative infection) and the presence of intestinal metaplasia (IM). In controls, active H. pylori infection significantly increased methylation levels in THBD, LOX, and HAND1 (all P < 0.001), and hypermethylation of THBD, HAND1, and APC was associated with IM. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation was correlated well with activity of H. pylori-associated gastritis. However, methylation levels in LOX, HAND1, THBD, and p41ARC remained increased in cases with past H. pylori infection compared to those that were H. pylori negative (all P < 0.05). Hypermethylation of THBD, and possibly p16, was significantly associated with GC, regardless of the status of current H. pylori infection (all P < 0.05). These results suggest that aberrant DNA hypermethylation caused by H. pylori-associated gastritis occurs in a gene-specific manner along gastric carcinogenesis, which can be persistent even after the disappearance of H. pylori. Aberrant methylation of THBD might provide a link between H. pylori infection and development of GC.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'DNA Methylation', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastritis', 'Genes, APC', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metaplasia', 'Middle Aged', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Thrombomodulin']
| 20,345,486
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.050', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.050'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.589'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.834'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.892.800', 'D12.776.543.750.750.850.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Home blood pressure monitoring alone vs. combined clinic and ambulatory measurements in following treatment-induced changes in blood pressure and organ damage.
|
BACKGROUND: Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement using home BP (HBP) or ambulatory BP (ABP) monitoring is often necessary for the accurate evaluation of hypertension. These methods have several similarities but also have major differences. Therefore, they are regarded as complementary, and there is uncertainty on how they should be applied in clinical practice. This study compared hypertension management based on clinic and ABP measurements or on HBP measurements alone.METHODS: Untreated subjects with elevated BP were randomized to treatment initiation and titration based on clinic and ABP measurements or on HBP measurements alone. Target organ damage was assessed at baseline and after 1 year of treatment with echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (primary endpoint), pulse wave velocity, and urinary albumin excretion.RESULTS: A total of 145 subjects were randomized, and 116 completed the study (mean age = 50.7±10.5 years; 69 men (59%); mean follow-up = 13.4±1.4 months). There was no difference between the 2 arms in treatment-induced change in left ventricular mass index (mean difference = 0.50±1.11 g/m2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.70 to 2.70). Moreover, there was no difference between the 2 arms in treatment-induced changes in pulse wave velocity (mean difference = -0.16±0.42 m/s; 95% CI = -0.99 to 0.66), urinary albumin excretion (mean difference = -0.85±4.28 mg/dl; 95% CI = -9.37 to 7.66), HBP and ABP levels, and hypertension control rates.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that HBP monitoring alone is as reliable as combined clinic and ABP measurements in monitoring the effects of antihypertensive drug treatment on BP and preclinical target organ damage.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Middle Aged']
| 24,190,902
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.140.100', 'E01.370.520.500.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Primarily infected cephalhematoma and osteomyelitis in a newborn.
|
Cephalhematomas are subperiosteal blood collections occurring in newborns secondary to trauma at birth. They develop within a few days and are subsequently resorbed. Infection of a cephalhematoma is unusual and caused most often by colonization of the hematoma during bacteremia or by direct inoculation secondary to trauma. Less than 10 patients with primary infection of the hematoma, in the absence of a positive blood culture, complicated by osteomyelitis have been described. We report a newborn with a primarily infected cephalhematoma complicated by parietal bone osteomyelitis.
|
['Birth Injuries', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Male', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Parietal Bone', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,892,568
|
[['C16.614.131', 'C26.141'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['A02.835.232.781.651'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alcohol-mediated error-prone PCR.
|
The effect of urea, isopropanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol on PCR using three different DNA polymerases was investigated. In the presence of these agents, polymerases were active as expected up to a critical concentration where they became progressively inhibited. Critical concentrations of alcohols generally increased with thermoresistance of the polymerases and decreased with the hydrophobicity of the alcohols. These results indicate that an important aspect of the inhibition involved conformational loosening due to a decrease in the hydrophobic effect. A mutagenic effect occurred with Vent(r) (exo-) DNA polymerase in the presence of 7.0 to 8.0% v/v propan-1-ol, affording mutation frequencies of up to 9.8 x 10(-3) mutation/bp/PCR. Under these conditions the preferential replacement of Gs and Cs was observed, in opposition to standard error-prone PCR that favors replacement of As and Ts. Comparison of various PCR conditions indicates that propanol and MnCl2 have different modes of action, and that the decrease in fidelity promoted by propanol is due to a finely tuned partial destabilization of the polymerase. The PCR conditions developed in this study provide a useful alternative for targeting different sequence space for directed evolution experiments.
|
['1-Propanol', '2-Propanol', 'Base Sequence', 'Butanols', 'DNA Primers', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Urea']
| 15,585,138
|
[['D02.033.755.600'], ['D02.033.755.615'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D02.033.415.110', 'D10.289.110'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Responses to neither exogenous nor endogenous endothelin-1 are altered in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
|
There is some controversy regarding whether vascular responses to endothelin are altered in hypercholesterolemia. Studies performed to date have been compromised by the use of endothelin antagonists at inappropriate concentrations. In the current study, we examine the role of endothelin-1 in hypercholesterolemic patients using lower, more selective doses of specific endothelin antagonists. Twenty-two patients with hypercholesterolemia (total plasma cholesterol > 6.0 mmol/l) and 17 healthy controls were recruited. Forearm vascular responses to endothelin-1 (5 pmol/min), the endothelin A antagonist BQ-123 (10 nmol/min), and the endothelin B antagonist BQ-788 (1 nmol/min) were obtained. Endothelin-1 caused a significant vasoconstriction in both hypercholesterolemic and control subjects, an effect that was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.784). BQ-123 caused a significant vasodilatation that was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.899). Similarly, responses to BQ-788 (P = 0.774) and mean plasma endothelin-1 levels were not different (control vs. hypercholesterolemia, 1.16 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.06 +/- 0.15 fmol/ml; P = 0.64). Responses to neither exogenous nor endogenous endothelin are influenced by plasma cholesterol levels in humans. It is thus unlikely that the endothelin system contributes to early vascular disease pathology in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Endothelin-1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptor, Endothelin A', 'Receptor, Endothelin B', 'Regional Blood Flow']
| 16,177,446
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.220.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.320.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.220.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.320.200'], ['G09.330.100.780']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Drosophila transcription factor tramtrack (TTK) interacts with Trithorax-like (GAGA) and represses GAGA-mediated activation.
|
In this study, we report the interaction of the Drosophila transcription factors Trithorax-like (GAGA) and tramtrack (TTK). This interaction is documented both in vitro, through GST pull-down assays, as well as in vivo, in yeast and Schneider S2 cells. GAGA and TTK share in common the presence of an N-terminal POZ/BTB domain that was found to be necessary and sufficient for GAGA-TTK interaction. Structural models that could account for this interaction are discussed. GAGA is known to activate the expression of many genes in Drosophila. On the other hand, TTK was proposed to act as a maternally provided repressor of several pair-rule genes, such as even-skipped (eve). As with many Drosophila genes, eve contains at its promoter region binding sites for GAGA and TTK. Here, in transient expression experiments, we showed that GAGA activates transcription from the eve stripe 2 promoter element and that TTK inhibits this GAGA-dependent activation. Repression by TTK of the eve promoter requires its activation by GAGA and depends on the presence of the POZ/BTB domains of TTK and GAGA. These results indicate that GAGA-TTK interaction contributes to the regulation of gene expression in Drosophila.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dimerization', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Models, Molecular', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques']
| 12,384,587
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Follicular dendritic cell-B cell interactions in virus disease. Common localization but different cell damage caused by antibody immobilized virus?
|
Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are involved in the trapping and retention of antigen-antibody complexes in lymphoid follicles. This FDC immobilized antigen is thought to be involved in the generation of memory B-lymphocytes. Follicular trapping of both Aleutian disease virus and HIV particles has been demonstrated. However as far as known their affects on FDC and follicular B-cells are completely different. It is hypothesized that the trapping of (antibody-complexed) virus particles by the FDC-network may have an important role in several virus diseases.
|
['Aleutian Mink Disease Virus', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Dendritic Cells', 'HIV Infections', 'Immunologic Memory']
| 1,309,642
|
[['B04.280.580.650.040.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['G12.450.050.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dissolution enhancement by bio-inspired mesocrystals: the study of racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate.
|
PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to enhance the dissolution rate of racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate via a bio-inspired method of growing mesocrystals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mesocrystals of racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate were successfully prepared from a supersaturated aqueous solution of racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate having the initial degree of supersaturation, S ( 0 ), of 1.326 and the initial saturated concentration, C*, of 0.986 mol/l at 25 degrees C with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at a concentration of 0.10 g/l. Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy with cross polarizers were employed to understand the formation mechanism and to characterize the superstructures of the SDS generated mesocrystals.RESULTS: The SDS generated mesocrystals were the assembly of the oriented attachment of racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate nano-sized platelets under the mediation of the side-to-side interaction between SDS and racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate. The SDS generated mesocrystals contained a mixture of the racemic compounds in alpha- and beta-forms and the resolved racemic conglomerate in gamma-form with no detectable amount of SDS. The dissolution rate of the SDS generated mesocrystals was more rapid than the one of its counterpart made by conventional crystallization pathway.CONCLUSIONS: The crystallization of racemic (R,S)-(+/-)-sodium ibuprofen dihydrate in the presence of SDS yielded well-faceted, well-separated, but almost perfectly three-dimensionally aligned nano-sized platelets. This kind of bio-inspired mesocrystal superstructure has definitely opened a new doorway for crystal engineering and pre-formulation design in pharmaceutical industry. The future work is to study the mesocrystal formation of some other active pharmaceutical ingredients in organic solvent systems and to develop an efficient method for screening the additives.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Cetrimonium', 'Cetrimonium Compounds', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Ibuprofen', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Light', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Particle Size', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Solubility', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 18,302,008
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['D02.092.877.883.111.500', 'D02.675.276.190.500'], ['D02.092.877.883.111', 'D02.675.276.190'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['G02.805'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D27.720.877'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
T cell-mediated terminal maturation of dendritic cells: loss of adhesive and phagocytotic capacities.
|
Dendritic cells (DC) are a specific subset of APC characterized by the potent ability to activate immunologically naive T cells. We have observed previously that the murine epidermis-derived DC line XS52 undergoes a set of profound changes upon Ag-specific interaction with T cells, including IL-1 beta secretion acquired expression of CD86, and lost expression of CD115 (CSF-1 receptor) and proliferative responsiveness to CSF-1. These changes, which appear to reflect a critical transition during Ag presentation, have been termed T cell-mediated "terminal maturation" of DC, Here we report that XS52 cells also lose their adhesive and phagocytotic capacities during this event. XS52 cells, ordinarily adhere to petri dishes and phagocytose latex heads, as has been reported for DC freshly procured from spleen and skin. Importantly, XS52 cells lose both capacities after 3 to 24 h of incubation with HDK-1 T cells (keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific TH1 clone) or with 5S8 T cells (dinitrobenzene sulfonate specific Th0 clone) in the presence of Ag. By contrast, incubation with T cells alone or with Ag alone has minimal effects, indicating that this regulation required both T cells and Ag. With respect to mechanisms, several lines of evidence suggest this IFN-gamma, which is secreted by T cells, serves as the primary mediator in down-regulating both capacities. Our observations illustrate a unique mechanism by which responding T cells upon Ag-specific activation by DC, suppress the machinery of Ag uptake through the elaboration of IFN-gamma.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Epidermis', 'Epitopes', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Phagocytosis', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 8,805,631
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.085'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Coarse-Graining the Liquid-Liquid Interfaces with the MARTINI Force Field: How Is the Interfacial Tension Reproduced?
|
We report two-phase coarse-grained (CG) simulations of organic-water liquid-liquid interfaces with the MARTINI force field. We discuss the ability of the CG force field to predict quantitatively the interfacial tension of alkanes-water, benzene-water, chloroform-water, and alcohol-water systems. The performance of the prediction of the interfacial tension is evaluated through its dependence on temperature and alkane length. This study contributes to the challenging discussion about the robustness and the transferability of the MARTINI force field to interfacial properties. We have also used the distributions of the molecules along the direction normal to the interface to investigate the composition of the interfacial region and to compare the simulated densities of the coexisting phases with experiments.
|
['Alcohols', 'Alkanes', 'Benzene', 'Chloroform', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Static Electricity', 'Temperature', 'Water']
| 26,574,463
|
[['D02.033'], ['D02.455.326.146'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.023'], ['D02.455.526.439.224', 'D02.455.526.913.810'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D02'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of a gene encoding a melanoma tumor antigen recognized by HLA-A31-restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
|
The availability of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes which can be generated from either peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation in vitro or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has made it possible to identify a number of melanoma antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The present and previous studies indicated that TIL586 recognized an antigen expressed on most melanoma and normal melanocytes in the context of the HLA-A31 molecule. We report here the cloning of a cDNA that directs the expression of the shared melanoma antigen recognized by this TIL. The DNA sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA was almost identical to the gene encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1 or glycoprotein gp75 which was originally identified by serum antibodies in a patient with melanoma. The gene was found to be expressed only in melanoma, normal melanocyte cell lines, and retina, but not in other normal tissues tested. The gp75 antigen presented by HLA-A31 may therefore constitute a useful immune target for specific treatment of patients with melanoma, since both antibody- and T cell-mediated immune responses can be generated against this antigen.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'HLA-A Antigens', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Melanoma', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,836,932
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.400', 'D12.776.543.550.439.400', 'D23.050.301.500.100.400', 'D23.050.301.500.450.370', 'D23.050.705.552.100.400', 'D23.050.705.552.450.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.650', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.650', 'A15.382.490.555.567.650'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Staphylococcal and streptococcal infections of the skin.
|
Acute pyogenic infections of the skin, caused by hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus, account for the vast majority of bacterial infections of the skin seen in ambulatory practice. In preschool children the principal manifestation is pyoderma, which is usually caused by Group A Streptococcus. In this age group pyoderma regularly responds to systemic penicillin therapy plus adjunctive local care to the lesions. However, in older age groups, the ability to distinguish streptococcal from staphylococcal skin infections on the basis of clinical features alone is poor, and penicillin treatment failures are more common. Safe, effective antibiotics that are effective against both staphylococci and streptococci are readily available. For this reason penicillinase-resistant semisynthtic penicillins and or erythromycin can be used to treat acute pyogenic skin infections in older age groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carbuncle', 'Cellulitis', 'Child', 'Erysipelas', 'Female', 'Folliculitis', 'Furunculosis', 'Humans', 'Impetigo', 'Male', 'Skin Diseases, Infectious', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus pyogenes']
| 379,890
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Convex dynamics: unavoidable difficulties in bounding some greedy algorithms.
|
A greedy algorithm for scheduling and digital printing with inputs in a convex polytope, and vertices of this polytope as successive outputs, has recently been proven to be bounded for any convex polytope in any dimension. This boundedness property follows readily from the existence of some invariant region for a dynamical system equivalent to the algorithm, which is what one proves. While the proof, and some constructions of invariant regions that can be made to depend on a single parameter, are reasonably simple for convex polygons in the plane, the proof of boundedness gets quite complicated in dimension three and above. We show here that such complexity is somehow justified by proving that the most natural generalization of the construction that works for polygons does not work in any dimension above two, even if we allow for as many parameters as there are faces. We first prove that some polytopes in dimension greater than two admit no invariant region to which they are combinatorially equivalent. We then modify these examples to get polytopes such that no invariant region can be obtained by pushing out the borders of the half spaces that intersect to form the polytope. We also show that another mechanism prevents some simplices (the simplest polytopes in any dimension) from admitting invariant regions to which they would be similar. By contrast in dimension two, one can always get an invariant region by pushing these borders far enough in some correlated way; for instance, pushing all borders by the same distance builds an invariant region for any polygon if the push is at a distance big enough for that polygon. To motivate the examples that we provide, we discuss briefly the bifurcations of polyhedra associated with pushing half spaces in parallel to themselves. In dimension three, the elementary codimension one bifurcation resembles the unfolding of the elementary degenerate singularity for codimension one foliations on surfaces. As the subject of this paper is new for the communities most interested in Chaos, we take some care in describing various links of our problem to classical issues (in particular linked to Diophantine approximation) as well as to various technological or commercial issues, exemplified, respectively, by digital printing and a problem in scheduling.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Models, Statistical', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 15,003,045
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Altered glial fibrillary acidic protein content and its degradation in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum of rats exposed to constant light: reversal by melatonin.
|
Reactive astrocytosis is a well-known phenomenon that occurs rapidly after physical or metabolic injury to the brain. One of the important events during astrocyte differentiation is the increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a member of the family of intermediate filament structural proteins. Free radicals are neurotoxic and free radical scavengers have been shown to protect the brain against neurotoxic damage. In the present study, we examined the effect of melatonin on astrocytic reactivity by determining the expression of the glial marker, GFAP, in different brain regions. Rats were exposed to constant light to reduce endogenous melatonin production; half of the animals were injected with melatonin during the exposure to constant light for 7 days. Western blots showed increases in total and degraded GFAP content in the brain of rats exposed to constant light. Melatonin administration caused a reduction of degraded GFAP content. In addition, melatonin significantly reduced neural tissue lipid peroxidation while constant light significantly enhanced the breakdown of lipids in the brain. Brain glutathione levels decreased significantly as a result of constant light exposure; this reduction was reversed by melatonin administration. These results suggest that melatonin potentially protects both neurons and glial cells from free radicals; melatonin's protective actions are probably related to the antioxidant properties of the indole.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Brain', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Free Radicals', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Glutathione', 'Hippocampus', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Melatonin', 'Photoperiod', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 12,220,326
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['G01.910.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physical and Physiological Factors Influence Behavioral Responses of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Synthetic Attractants.
|
Volatile chemicals from waste artificial larval media as well as from bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm-infested wounds attract gravid females of Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel and Cochliomyia macellaria (F.). Chemicals identified from volatiles are dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, phenol, p-cresol, and indole; a blend of these attracted females to oviposit. Present studies investigated the effectiveness of these compounds, either in a blend or individually as potential oviposition attractants. Tests were conducted to determine the effects of gender, ovarian age, and the color and type of substrates on attraction response and oviposition of C. macellaria adults. Results showed that substrates treated with dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) alone or the five-compound blend alone attracted significantly more gravid females than other chemicals. Black substrates treated with DMTS attracted more gravid flies than did the yellow substrates. Yellow substrates treated with indole attracted more males and nongravid females. In oviposition tests, females deposited significantly more eggs on meat-based substrates than those without meat. These findings suggest that several factors have to be considered for developing an effective oviposition attractant that should include effectiveness of individual chemicals used, the ratio of the chemicals in a blend, and their concentrations. Also, an effective trap design will need to consider using suitable color which will selectively attract gravid females.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Chemotaxis', 'Diptera', 'Female', 'Male', 'Oviposition', 'Pheromones', 'Sex Factors']
| 28,535,247
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750'], ['G08.686.784.480'], ['D23.641'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Procedure volume of gastric cancer resections versus 5-year survival.
|
AIM: We used nationwide, population-based data to examine associations between hospital and surgeon volumes of gastric cancer resections and their patients' short-term and long-term survival likelihood.METHODS: The study uses 1997-1999 inpatient claims data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance linked to "cause of death" data for 1997-2004. The total cohort of 6909 gastric cancer resection patients were categorized by their surgeon's/hospital's procedure volume, and examined for differences in 6-month mortality and 5-year mortality (post 6 months), by procedure volume, using Cox proportional hazard regressions, adjusting for surgeon, hospital and patient characteristics. We hypothesized that surgeons' case volume and age but not hospital volume will predict short-term and long-term survival.RESULTS: Adjusted estimates show that increasing surgeon volume predicts better 6-month survival (adjusted mortality hazard ratio = 1.3 for low-volume surgeons relative to very high-volume surgeons; p < 0.01) and 5-year survival (adjusted mortality hazard ratios = 1.3; p < 0.001 for low-volume; 1.2 with p < 0.01 for medium volume) and increasing surgeon's age (adjusted hazards ratio = 1.4 for age < 41 years relative to 41-50 years; p < or = 0.001; 0.8 for > or = 51 years relative to 41-50 years; p < 0.05). In hospital volume regressions, surgeon's age is a consistent and significant predictor, not hospital volume. Findings suggest a key role of experience in surgical skill and sensitivity for early stage diagnosis in gastric cancer survival.CONCLUSIONS: Although a key study limitation is the lack of cancer stage data, the pattern of findings suggests that experienced surgeons have relatively better survival outcomes among gastric cancer patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate', 'Taiwan', 'Time Factors']
| 17,890,043
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.419'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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