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Impact of classical risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Asian Indian, Chinese and Japanese populations.
|
AIMS: This review investigated the population impact of major modifiable type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors, with special focus on native Asian Indians, to estimate population attributable risks (PARs) and compare them with estimates from Chinese and Japanese populations.METHODS: Information was obtained on risk factors in 21,041 Asian Indian, 17,774 Chinese and 17,986 Japanese populations from multiple, large, cross-sectional studies (the DECODA project) of T2D. Crude and adjusted PARs were estimated for the major T2D risk factors.RESULTS: Age had the highest crude and adjusted PARs among Asian Indians and Chinese in contrast to waist-hip ratio among Japanese. After adjusting for age, the PAR for body mass index (BMI) in Asian Indians (41.4% [95% CI: 37.2%; 45.4%]) was second only to triglycerides (46.4% [95% CI: 39.5%; 52.8%]) compared with 35.8% [95% CI: 29.9%; 41.4%] in Japanese and 38.4% [95% CI: 33.5%; 43.2%] in Chinese people. The PAR for BMI adjusted for age, LDL and triglycerides (39.7% [95% CI: 31.6%; 47.2%]) was higher than for any other factor in Asian Indians, and was much higher than in the Chinese (16.8% [95% CI: 3.0%; 30.9%]) and Japanese (30.4% [95% CI: 17.5%; 42.2%]) populations.CONCLUSION: This review provides estimates of the association between major risk factors and prevalences of T2D among Asian populations by examining their PARs from large population-based samples. From a public-health point of view, the importance of BMI in Asian Indians is especially highlighted in comparison to the other Asian populations. Given these results and other recent findings on the causality link between BMI and T2D, it can be postulated that obesity may be involved in the aetiology of T2D through interaction with ethnic-specific genetic factors, although ethnicity itself is not a direct risk factor for T2D as people of all ethnic backgrounds develop diabetes.
|
['Age Factors', 'Asia', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Fiji', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertriglyceridemia', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Mauritius', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Waist-Height Ratio']
| 26,381,573
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['Z01.252'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['Z01.639.760.590.373'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.851'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.639.520.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.780', 'E05.041.124.160.937']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Incorporating platelet-rich plasma into coaxial electrospun nanofibers for bone tissue engineering.
|
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used in therapy for bone tissue repair because an abundance of osteogenesis-related growth factors can be released from the concentrated platelets. However, its clinical use is limited because growth factors, temporally released from PRP, are degraded rapidly. This study aimed to incorporate PRP-derived growth factors into SF/PCL/PVA nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning to determine the release profiles of growth factors and how the presence of these growth factors enhances the osteogenic abilities of the nanofibers. Scaffolds containing different ratios of PRP and PVA were prepared and characterized. We then quantified the release of growth factors from the nanofibers over time, and evaluated the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The in vivo osteogenic capacity of the PRP-containing core-shell NFS was also evaluated by transplanting the PRP/MSCs/CS/â-TCP compounds into the skin on the back of nude mice and by treating cranial defects of C57BL/6 mice. The results of such treatments were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining, ì computed tomography (ìCT), and histological observation. The results show that coaxial nanofibers with a PRP-5% PVA solution ratio of 7:1 contained a relatively high amount of PRP and exhibited a more uniform distribution of fiber diameters. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was enhanced due to the increased proliferation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). When the cells were inoculated and cultured on the PRP-loaded nanofibrous mats, the expression of collagen type II also increased. Furthermore, new bone formation was also promoted by PRP-NFS after 8 weeks of implantation. In conclusion, this study shows that the incorporation of PRP had positive effects on the bioactivity and osteogenic ability of coaxial nanofibrous mats. Such nanofibrous mats may prove beneficial in various applications of bone tissue engineering.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Regeneration', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Liberation', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Nude', 'Nanofibers', 'Osteogenesis', 'Platelet-Rich Plasma', 'Rats', 'Skull', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Wound Healing']
| 29,886,100
|
[['B01.050'], ['G11.427.213.140', 'G16.762.150.150'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.916.270'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['J01.637.512.300'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['A12.207.152.693.600', 'A12.207.270.695.600', 'A15.145.693.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Case-control study of clinical features of influenza in hospitalized patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The symptoms of influenza infection in outpatients are well described. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition of an influenza-like illness (ILI) includes fever and cough or sore throat. Few data exist on the clinical presentation of influenza in hospitalized patients, which may be distinct from the clinical presentation of influenza in ambulatory patients because of underlying medical conditions and medications.DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study.SETTING: A 1,250-bed urban teaching hospital.PATIENTS: A total of 369 patients were admitted to the general medicine wards during 3 consecutive influenza seasons (2001-2004): 123 case patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza that was diagnosed during routine medical care and 246 control patients with active surveillance culture results negative for influenza.METHODS: Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and signs and symptoms were obtained from a review of the medical records of the case and control patients. Analysis included stratified analysis and logistic regression.RESULTS: Cough, coryza, sore throat, and fever were more common in patients with influenza infection. The CDC's definition of an ILI had a sensitivity of 43% and specificity of 86% in the study population, with a crude odds ratio (OR) of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-7.8). The sensitivity of the CDC's definition of an ILI decreased to 21% among asthmatic patients, who had similar rates of fever and/or ILI with or without influenza. By logistic regression, ILI was strongly associated with influenza infection in patients without asthma (adjusted OR, 7.5 [95% CI, 4.1-13.7]) but not in patients with asthma (adjusted OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.13-10]). The positive predictive value of an ILI in asthmatic patients was 50%.CONCLUSIONS: The CDC's definition of an ILI lacks sensitivity among hospitalized patients, and the presence of an ILI is not associated with influenza infection in asthmatic patients.
|
['Aged', 'Asthma', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.', 'Cough', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Influenza, Human', 'Male', 'Pharyngitis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'United States']
| 18,754,739
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.200', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.225'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['C01.748.561', 'C07.550.781', 'C08.730.561', 'C09.775.649'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Association of Diaphragmatic Surgery as Part of Cytoreductive Effort in Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer.
|
BACKGROUND/AIM: Diaphragmatic surgery in advanced-stage ovarian cancer has been considered since long time to increase the rates of postoperative complications. However, improvement of surgical techniques and perioperative management of these patients has lead in the last decade to a safe association of such procedures as part of debulking process. The aim of the current paper was to report our experience regarding the role of diaphragmatic resections as part of debulking surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2014 and 2016 diaphragmatic surgery was performed in 22 cases with advanced stage ovarian cancer.RESULTS: Diaphragmatic surgery consisted of diaphragmatic peritoneal resection in 10 cases, full thickness diaphragmatic resections in four cases and coagulation of peritoneal nodules in eight cases. In all but two cases debulking surgery to no residual disease was achieved. Other upper abdominal resections consisted of splenectomy - in four cases, liver resections - in three cases, glissonian capsule resections - in eight cases, distal pancreatectomy - in one case and partial gastrectomies in two cases. The postoperative outcomes were similar irrespective of type of diaphragmatic surgical procedure.CONCLUSION: Diaphragmatic surgery is a crucial procedure which can be safely associated as part of debulking surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures', 'Diaphragm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,475,933
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E04.166'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Metrizamide CT scanning in spinal nerve root cysts.
|
Two cases of lumbosacral root cysts of different etiology are reported. Their specific radiographic features are described using the combined technique of metrizamide myelography followed by computerized tomography of the spine. The terminology of intraspinal cysts is reviewed and their distinguishing features discussed.
|
['Cysts', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metrizamide', 'Middle Aged', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Spinal Nerve Roots', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 3,607,616
|
[['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.520', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.520', 'D09.408.051.545'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10'], ['A08.800.800.720.725'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The importance of tacit knowledge in practices of care.
|
BACKGROUND: The paper argues that a high quality personal relationship between professionals and clients is a necessary condition of professional knowledge. This epistemological claim is developed against the background of current methods of quality assessment that rely on objectively measurable 'indicators'.METHOD: A philosophical analysis regarding the nature of professional knowledge in the care sector. The analysis proceeds from Michael Polanyi's concept of tacit knowledge to account for the personal dimension of professional expertise in the care sector.RESULTS: Quantitative methods of quality assessment understand 'quality of care' as being independent from the professional who generates it. Consequently, quality assessment as currently practiced necessarily renders the personal dimension of professional knowledge invisible, thereby excluding it from managerial attention and support. To indicate the relevance of Polanyi's concept of tacit knowledge, the paper offers some observations from the practice of care in a group home for people with intellectual disabilities.CONCLUSION: The paper concludes that a high quality relationship between professionals and their clients is crucial for quality of care. This relationship generates the positive interaction that enables professionals to gain adequate insight in the needs of their clients.
|
['Behavior', 'Caregivers', 'Clinical Competence', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Empathy', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Patients', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Speech Therapy']
| 20,586,882
|
[['F01.145'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['F01.829.401'], ['M01.643'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.552', 'E02.831.727.552']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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[Role of the Institute of Rheumatology in formation and development of State controlling system of rheumatic diseases].
|
The paper gives a brief account of the stages of formation and development of rheumatological care in the country, which are closely related to the researches and practical activities of the Institute of Rheumatology.
|
['Academies and Institutes', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Humans', 'Research', 'Rheumatic Diseases', 'Rheumatology', 'Russia']
| 9,987,951
|
[['N03.540.052'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644'], ['C05.799', 'C17.300.775'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A genome phylogeny for mitochondria among alpha-proteobacteria and a predominantly eubacterial ancestry of yeast nuclear genes.
|
Analyses of 55 individual and 31 concatenated protein data sets encoded in Reclinomonas americana and Marchantia polymorpha mitochondrial genomes revealed that current methods for constructing phylogenetic trees are insufficiently sensitive (or artifact-insensitive) to ascertain the sister of mitochondria among the current sample of eight alpha-proteobacterial genomes using mitochondrially-encoded proteins. However, Rhodospirillum rubrum came as close to mitochondria as any alpha-proteobacterium investigated. This prompted a search for methods to directly compare eukaryotic genomes to their prokaryotic counterparts to investigate the origin of the mitochondrion and its host from the standpoint of nuclear genes. We examined pairwise amino acid sequence identity in comparisons of 6,214 nuclear protein-coding genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 177,117 proteins encoded in sequenced genomes from 45 eubacteria and 15 archaebacteria. The results reveal that approximately 75% of yeast genes having homologues among the present prokaryotic sample share greater amino acid sequence identity to eubacterial than to archaebacterial homologues. At high stringency comparisons, only the eubacterial component of the yeast genome is detectable. Our findings indicate that at the levels of overall amino acid sequence identity and gene content, yeast shares a sister-group relationship with eubacteria, not with archaebacteria, in contrast to the current phylogenetic paradigm based on ribosomal RNA. Among eubacteria and archaebacteria, proteobacterial and methanogen genomes, respectively, shared more similarity with the yeast genome than other prokaryotic genomes surveyed.
|
['Alphaproteobacteria', 'Archaea', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genes, Archaeal', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Genome', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Models, Genetic', 'Phylogeny', 'Rhodospirillum rubrum', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 15,155,797
|
[['B03.660.050'], ['B02'], ['B03'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.124', 'G05.360.340.358.024.124', 'G05.360.340.358.050.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['G05.360.340'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D12.776.575'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B03.440.400.425.708.733.650', 'B03.660.050.755.750.733.650'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Permanent alopecia after busulfan chemotherapy.
|
Systemic chemotherapy is a well known cause of reversible hair loss. Busulfan chemotherapy, however, is responsible for a permanent alopecia that usually occurs in bone marrow transplant patients. We report two patients with permanent alopecia due to busulfan chemotherapy. Both patients had a diffuse alopecia characterized by greatly reduced hair density with short, thin hair. The pathology showed reduced follicular density in the absence of fibrosis, suggesting that alopecia may result either from hair follicle stem cell destruction or from acute damage to the keratinocytes of the lower portion of some follicles.
|
['Adult', 'Alopecia', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Busulfan', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Transplantation Conditioning']
| 15,888,171
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C17.800.329.937.122', 'C23.300.035'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['D02.033.455.125.125', 'D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.800', 'E05.478.610.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Antitoxin MqsA represses curli formation through the master biofilm regulator CsgD.
|
MqsA, the antitoxin of the MqsR/MqsA toxin/antitoxin (TA) system, is a global regulator that reduces expression of several stress response genes (e.g., mqsRA, cspD, and rpoS) by binding to the promoter palindromic motif [5'-AACCT (N)₃ AGGTT-3']. We identified a similar mqsRA-like palindrome [5'-AACCT TA AGGTT-3'] 78 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site in the csgD promoter (p-csgD). CsgD is a master regulator for biofilm formation via its control of curli and cellulose production. We show here that MqsA binds to this palindrome in p-csgD to repress csgD transcription. As expected, p-csgD repression by MqsA resulted in reduced transcription from CsgD-regulated curli genes csgA and csgB (encoding the major and minor curlin subunits, respectively). Curli production was reduced in colonies and in planktonic cells upon MqsA production. Hence, MqsA directly represses p-csgD, and thereby influences curli formation. This demonstrates that TA systems can impact overall cell physiology by fine-tuning cellular stress responses.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Biofilms', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Sigma Factor', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 24,212,724
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Induction by Cocaine Is Post-Transcriptionally Regulated by miR-125b.
|
Cocaine exposure alters gene expression in the brain via methylation and acetylation of histones along with methylation of DNA. Recently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) catalyzed PARylation has been reported as an important regulator of cocaine-mediated gene expression. In this study, we report that the cellular microRNA "miR-125b" plays a key role for cocaine-induced PARP-1 expression. Acute and chronic cocaine exposure resulted in the downregulation of miR-125b concurrent with upregulation of PARP-1 in dopaminergic neuronal cells and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice but not in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) or ventral tegmental area (VTA). In silico analysis predicted a binding site of miR-125b in a conserved 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the PARP-1 mRNA. Knockdown and overexpression studies showed that miR-125b levels negatively correlate with PARP-1 protein expression. Luciferase reporter assay using a vector containing the 3'UTR of PARP-1 mRNA confirmed regulation of PARP-1 by miR-125b. Specific nucleotide mutations within the binding site abrogated miR-125b's regulatory effect on PARP-1 3'UTR. Finally, we established that downregulation of miR-125b and concurrent upregulation of PARP-1 is dependent on binding of cocaine to the dopamine transporter (DAT). Collectively, these results identify miR-125b as a post-transcriptional regulator of PARP-1 expression and establish a novel mechanism underlying the molecular effects of cocaine action.
|
['Animals', 'Annexin A5', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain', 'Cattle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cocaine', 'Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors', 'Dopaminergic Neurons', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 28,828,398
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.124', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.124', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.500'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.220', 'D27.505.519.625.150.800', 'D27.505.519.625.600.220', 'D27.505.696.577.150.800', 'D27.505.696.577.600.220'], ['A08.675.278', 'A11.671.270'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690.420'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pseudouridine and uridine in normal kidney and kidney cancer tissues.
|
The tissue concentrations of a modified nucleoside, pseudouridine, and a normal nucleoside, uridine, were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Human kidneys were obtained from five patients with renal cell carcinoma and divided into a noncancerous part and a cancerous part. The pseudouridine concentration in the cancerous part of the kidneys ranged between less than 2-2.8 nmoles/g and in the noncancerous part 4.3-19.4 nmoles/g (mean 10,9 nmoles/g). The uridine concentration in the cancerous and noncancerous parts of the kidney ranged between 19.6-179.1 nmoles/g (mean 110.7 nmoles/g) and 117.5-235.6 nmoles/g (mean 191.5 nmoles/g), respectively. The pseudouridine concentration appeared to be approximately seven times higher in the noncancerous part as compared to the cancerous part of the kidney. In the case of uridine, the difference was less pronounced.
|
['Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Pseudouridine', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Uridine']
| 4,060,365
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.628', 'D13.570.685.852.628', 'D13.570.800.892.628'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D03.383.742.680.852', 'D13.570.685.852', 'D13.570.800.892']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sequential studies of lymphocytes, neutrophils and serum proteins during prednisone treatment.
|
Seven patients (6 with connective tissue diseases, 1 with bronchial asthma) have been studied before, during, and after prednisone therapy. Maximum dose was 15 mg daily, which was tapered off to zero within three months. All patients showed striking subjective improvement during therapy. The ESR reflected this improvement but the acute phase proteins did not. The serum concentration of prealbumin rose significantly during the period of most intensive steroid treatment. IgE decreased in the patient with bronchial asthma, but otherwise the immunoglobulins did not change, and positive serological tests remained unchanged. Contact sensitization to haptens was induced without impairment during therapy. Prednisone induced rises in blood lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations. Lymphocyte transformation, both mitogen- and antigen-induced, was not influenced by therapy, but PPD-induced inhibition of leucocyte migration decreased. Neutrophil phagocytosis was unimparied, but bactericidal capacity, stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and neutrophil and plasma lysozyme concentrations were all depressed during treatment with prednisone.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blood Sedimentation', 'Collagen Diseases', 'Female', 'Haptoglobins', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Orosomucoid', 'Prealbumin', 'Prednisone', 'Serum Albumin', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin']
| 1,082,710
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E01.370.225.625.125', 'E05.200.625.125'], ['C17.300.200'], ['D12.776.124.050.300', 'D12.776.124.790.106.394', 'D12.776.377.715.085.394', 'D12.776.395.560.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D12.776.124.050.600', 'D12.776.124.790.106.640', 'D12.776.377.715.085.640', 'D12.776.395.560.742'], ['D12.776.034.841.450', 'D12.776.124.727.750'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D12.644.861.035', 'D12.776.124.050.070', 'D12.776.124.790.106.085', 'D12.776.377.715.085.085', 'D12.776.395.068', 'D12.776.872.035']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of carbon dioxide induction methods for the euthanasia of day-old cull broiler chicks.
|
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 5 different CO2 euthanasia induction techniques for day-old cull chicks in minimizing distress and inducing a rapid loss of sensibility and death. Each induction treatment was characterized for concentration change over time, maximum concentration, and time to reach maximum. Sixteen chicks were euthanized with the gradual treatments to establish validity of treatment. Then, all 5 treatments were evaluated for effect on distress, insensibility, and death. Day-of-hatch cull chicks (n = 110) were euthanized in pairs by either immersion into 100% CO2 or gradual induction to 100% CO2 at displacement rates of 7, 14, 21, or 28% of chamber volume added per min (% vol/min). CO2 concentration was measured at chick level. Live focal observations and video recordings were used to assess latency to behavioral responses: head shaking (HS) and gasping (GS) as indicators of distress; loss of posture (LOP) as an indicator of insensibility; and cessation of rhythmic breathing (CRB) and movement (COM), indicating death. All behaviors occurred at the earliest with immersion compared to gradual treatments, and time between first signs of distress and LOP was shorter for immersion than gradual treatments. Gradual treatments showed a linear decrease in latency to HS, GS, and LOP as displacement rate increased. Latency to CRB decreased quadratically with increasing displacement rate, while COM decreased linearly. Within gradual treatments, HS and GS occurred at CO2 concentrations between 0.43 and 1.14%, LOP between 11.1 and 17.5%, while CRB and COM occurred between 61.8 and 78.4%. Overall, immersion induced distress, insensibility, and death significantly faster and with the shortest interval between distress and insensibility. For gradual treatment, insensibility and death occurred faster with increasing displacement rates. Behavioral signs of distress were observed with all treatments, and occurred at concentrations lower than those causing insensibility. In conclusion, immersion into 100% CO2 environment resulted in the shortest time of distress and fastest time to death compared to gradual displacement rates of any speed measured.
|
['Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chickens', 'Euthanasia, Animal', 'Female', 'Male', 'Random Allocation']
| 30,624,707
|
[['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E02.760.905.199.249.750', 'E05.335', 'N02.421.585.905.199.500.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Image-quality perception as a function of dose in digital radiography.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the degree to which the skin entrance dose could be lowered, by adjusting exposure parameters and filtration, and the subsequent effect on readers' confidence levels of digital radiographs.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was prospectively performed on a cadaver. Digital radiographs of bones were evaluated and scored on a 9-point scale separately by four radiologists who were blinded to the types of filtration and doses used. The study entailed three phases: phase 1, random dose and filter; phase 2, fixed filter and varying radiation doses (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the standard recommended dose); and phase 3, fixed dose and varying filtration (no filtration, aluminum filter, and aluminum-copper filter). Skin entrance dose was measured using a dosimeter placed on the skin. Differences in scores were tested using a Friedman test.RESULTS: The mean scores given to images with 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended standard dose were 6.18, 6.1, 5.11, and 4.07, respectively. No significant difference was noted between 100%- and 75%-dose images (p = 0.1). A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was noted when we compared the 100%- and 75%-dose images with the 50%- and 25%-dose images. The mean scores given for no filtration, aluminum filtration, and aluminum-copper filtration were 5.67, 5.43, and 5.18, respectively. No significant difference between no filtration and aluminum filtration (p = 0.411) was noted. A significant difference was detected between no filtration and aluminum-copper filtration (p = 0.012). The combination of an aluminum filter and a 75% standard dose achieved a 31.1% reduction in skin entrance dose.CONCLUSION: It is possible to achieve a 31.1% reduction in skin entrance dose for imaging bony structures by using 75% of the standard dose and aluminum filtration without significantly affecting image quality.
|
['Aluminum', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cadaver', 'Copper', 'Filtration', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiometry', 'Skin']
| 22,109,295
|
[['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E05.799'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The relationship between maternal self-efficacy and parenting practices: implications for parent training.
|
The present study examined the relationship between maternal self-efficacy, dysfunctional discipline practices and child conduct problems. Specifically, three levels of self-efficacy, global, domain and task-specific self-efficacy, were assessed in mothers of 2- to 8-year-old children with conduct problems (clinic group, n=45) and non-clinic mothers from the community (non-clinic group, n=79). Measures of global, domain and task-specific self-efficacy were completed by mothers. Clinic mothers reported significantly lower self-efficacy than non-clinic mothers for all but one of the parenting tasks assessed. Both groups of mothers reported lowest self-efficacy for similar parenting tasks. In the sample as a whole self-efficacy measures were significant predictors of maternal discipline style after controlling for other parent, child and risk factors. Of the self-efficacy variables behavioural self-efficacy was the best predictor of mothers discipline style. The findings support the importance of developing parenting strategies that enable parents to generalize their parenting skills to a diverse range of diverse parenting contexts both in the home and in the community.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Mothers', 'Parenting', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Control, Informal', 'Social Perception', 'Social Support', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 15,658,967
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I01.880.630'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Atypical peritoneal tuberculosis. Use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis].
|
The presence of peritoneal tuberculosis has to be clinically suspected in all patients with abdominal pain of unknown etiology, particularly when it is accompanied by fever, ascites, and abdominal distension. Access to the abdominal cavity using routine laparoscopy provides essential information on the diagnosis, from both macroscopic images and biopsy sampling, which will later provide a pathological and microbiological confirmation. This helps discriminate between potential differential diagnoses that may include similar symptoms. Other laboratory tests have to be considered as diagnostic aids, as well as for the indication of laparoscopy, including ADA, and Gallium-67 or Ca-125 scans.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritonitis, Tuberculous']
| 18,290,699
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.308', 'C01.463.600.249', 'C06.844.640.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Improving Adherence to Cardiovascular Therapies: An Economic Evaluation of a Randomized Pragmatic Trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: Preplanned economic analysis of a pragmatic trial using electronic-medical-record-linked interactive voice recognition (IVR) reminders for enhancing adherence to cardiovascular medications (i.e., statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs], and angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]).METHODS: Three groups, usual care (UC), IVR, and IVR plus educational materials (IVR+), with 21,752 suboptimally adherent patients underwent follow-up for 9.6 months on average. Costs to implement and deliver the intervention (from a payer perspective) were tracked during the trial. Medical care costs and outcomes were ascertained using electronic medical records.RESULTS: Per-patient intervention costs ranged from $9 to $17 for IVR and from $36 to $47 for IVR+. For ACEI/ARB, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each percent adherence increase was about 3 times higher with IVR+ than with IVR ($6 and $16 for IVR and IVR+, respectively). For statins, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each percent adherence increase was about 7 times higher with IVR+ than with IVR ($6 and $43 for IVR and IVR+, respectively). Considering potential cost offsets from reduced cardiovascular events, the probability of breakeven was the highest for UC, but the IVR-based interventions had a higher probability of breakeven for subgroups with a baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of more than 100 mg/dl and those with two or more calls.CONCLUSIONS: We found that the use of an automated voice messaging system to promote adherence to ACEIs/ARBs and statins may be cost-effective, depending on a decision maker's willingness to pay for unit increase in adherence. When considering changes in LDL level and downstream medical care offsets, UC is the optimal strategy for the general population. However, IVR-based interventions may be the optimal choice for those with elevated LDL values at baseline.
|
['Aged', 'Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Drug Costs', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Resources', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Medical Record Linkage', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Economic', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Reminder Systems', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 27,021,751
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D23.101'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['C14'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.500', 'N04.452.859.564.550', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['L01.143.820', 'L01.313.500.750.300.790'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy of incompetent saphenous reflux: early results].
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe observation of availability of catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy for the great saphenous vein varicosis.METHODS: A selective series of 30 patients of vein varicosis were treated with foam sclerotherapy using a standard technique for foam delivery from April 2008 to August 2008. Patients were treated with 1% polidocanol foam through a catheter, which was inserted percutaneously over a guidewire in the great saphenous vein (GSV). All successfully treated patients were examined by colour duplex two weeks after the procedure.RESULTS: Thirty patients with an insufficiency reflux of the GSV were treated with the catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy. Primary technical success was achieved in all the patients. The concentrations (1.0%) and doses (6 to 8 ml) of polidocanol was mainly we used. Five patients experienced transient scotomas and developed segmental phlebitis of a collateral vein. The intervention was well tolerated in all patients without the occurrence of serious side effects. In 27 of the 30 treated patients (90%), a closure of the GSV was found at control visits 2 weeks, 3 months after treatment.CONCLUSION: The use of an endovascular catheter inserted percutaneously over a guidewire is feasible in most patients and has resulted in high primary occlusion rates.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Sclerosing Solutions', 'Sclerotherapy', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Varicose Veins']
| 20,193,405
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.908.819'], ['D26.776.708.822', 'D27.505.954.411.700', 'D27.505.954.578.822', 'D27.720.752.822'], ['E02.319.805'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.907.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Managements for lateral sinus thrombosis: does it need the ligation of internal jugular vein or anticoagulants?
|
The purposes of this study were to review the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with lateral sinus thrombosis (LST) and to discuss the need of internal jugular vein (IJV) ligation or anticoagulants. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of five patients (1 male and 4 female) with LST. The chief complaints were otalgia, fever, mastoid tenderness, and neck pain. All patients were confirmatively diagnosed with MRI-Venography or Angio-CT scans. The patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics and operations including mastoidectomies with/without thrombectomy according to their suspected disease course. The authors did not perform IJV ligation and use anticoagulants in all cases, but there were no mortalities or morbidities. IJV ligation and use of anticoagulants do not seem to be essential procedures for the management of LST, and it should be considered carefully according to the extents of disease and the state of patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Jugular Veins', 'Lateral Sinus Thrombosis', 'Ligation', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phlebography', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,535,833
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.908.498'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425.500.562', 'C14.907.253.566.350.500.562', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350.500.562'], ['E04.426'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.600', 'E01.370.370.050.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical review of enteral feeding of extremely low birth weight infants].
|
OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical data of enteral feeding of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), and analyze the influencing factors.METHOD: From Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2010, data of 31 ELBWI from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected. ELBWI were assigned to different groups according to the time achieving full enteral feeding, comparison was done between two groups for enteral feeding.RESULT: Twenty-four infants were analyzed, their mean gestational age was (29.0 ± 1.8) weeks (26.14 - 34.43 weeks), birth weight (882 ± 67) g (730 - 970 g), there were 11 infants in group A, whose time for achieving full enteral feeding was (27 ± 6)days, there were 13 infants in group B, whose time achieving full enteral feeding was (46 ± 10)days. The ratio of asphyxia (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), duration of umbilical vein catheterization longer than 10 days (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), and duration of mechanical ventilation longer than 14 days (27.3% vs. 76.9%, P = 0.038) in group A was higher than in group B. The milk volume on the 21st and 28th day in group A was much more than that in group B [(88.9 ± 35.4) ml vs. (37.4 ± 34.9) ml, P = 0.002; (121.1 ± 37.4) ml vs. (53.2 ± 33.1) ml, P = 0.000]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, patent ductus arterious, erythrocytosis, dysglycemia, sepsis, the time to begin enteral feeding, the beginning milk volume, the adding milk volume in the 1st, 2nd week, and the milk volume on the 3rd, 7th, 14th day.CONCLUSION: Asphyxia, duration of umbilical vein catheterization, and duration of mechanical ventilation are likely to influence the enteral feeding of ELBWI, ELBWI with successful enteral feeding could show good tolerance in the 3rd week. But individual program should be made for enteral feeding of ELBWI, because enteral feeding could be influenced by multiple factors.
|
['Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 21,575,375
|
[['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Extranodal B-cell lymphoma of the uvea: a case report.
|
CASE REPORT: Ocular involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare condition that can result from a primary intraocular lymphoma of the retina or an intraocular manifestation of systemic lymphoma. Uveal involvement is seldom the initial manifestation of extranodal lymphoma. We describe an 80-year-old patient with a blind and painful left eye and a history of recurrent uveitis. After ultrasound evaluation, the eye was enucleated and histopathologic examination revealed a malignant B-cell lymphoma of the uveal tract. The patient has been followed for 8 years after surgery, but she has had no further systemic manifestations of lymphoma and has not required subsequent treatment.COMMENTS: Primary extranodal lymphoma can be easily mistaken for recurrent uveitis or primary intraocular lymphoma of the retina and central nervous system; it is a differential diagnosis to be considered in cases of recurrent uveitis-like symptoms evolving to blind painful eye.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Blindness', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Recurrence', 'Ultrasonography', 'Uveal Neoplasms', 'Uveitis']
| 16,391,629
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['E04.540.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855'], ['C11.941.879']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Assay and characterization of a strong promoter element from B. subtilis.
|
A new strong promoter fragment isolated from Bacillus subtilis was identified and characterized. Using the heat stable beta-galactosidase as reporter, the promoter fragment exhibited high expression strength both in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis. The typical prokaryotic promoter conservation regions were found in the promoter fragment and the putative promoter was identified as the control element of yxiE gene via sequencing assay and predication of promoter. To further verify and characterize the cloned strong promoter, the putative promoter was sub-cloned and the beta-Gal directed by the promoters was high-level expressed both in E. coli and B. subtilis. By means of the isolated promoter, an efficient expression system was developed in B. subtilis and the benefit and usefulness was demonstrated through expression of three heterologous and homogenous proteins. Thus, we identified a newly strong promoter of B. subtilis and provided a robust expression system for genetic engineering of B. subtilis.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Engineering', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transfection', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 17,210,127
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydrodynamic-induced enantiomeric enrichment of self-assemblies: role of the solid-liquid interface in chiral nucleation and seeding.
|
A simple hydrodynamic model has been developed to explain the experimentally observed chirality selection in stirred solutions of self-assembling achiral dyes. Selection depends on the stirring direction: the dichroic signal reverses its shape in clockwise or anti-clockwise rotations. Our model investigates the possible role of the liquid-solid interface in nucleating, growing, and transferring to the bulk of chiral seeds. The nucleation step requires a double modulation of the hydrodynamic field exhibiting different velocity along two orthogonal axes. Under a series of restrictions, such a condition is easily met at the solid-liquid interface and it is dictated by the boundary conditions and geometry of stirring. In stagnant conditions, growing helices made-up of self-assembled achiral dyes have no chiral preference forming a racemic mixture that contains identical amount of right-handed (R) and left-handed (L) configurations. The application of a hydrodynamic torque (related to the velocity gradient and width of the helix) breaks down the original symmetry, a further velocity gradient perpendicular to the first one ensures, after averaging, a slightly different population of R and L conformations. The yields of the hydrodynamic-induced chirality excess are extremely tiny, hence the suggested mechanism is significant only if next chirality amplification processes are efficient. Again, hydrodynamics provides a tool for the detachment of weakly bound aggregates once they have reached a critical length. Aggregates are transported in the bulk where the ripening process goes to completion. The efficiency of the surface catalytic effect strongly depends on the aggregate-surface sticking energy, reaching a maximum at intermediate sticking energies (of order of 10 kT). Numerical estimates show that the proposed mechanism is rather efficient, giving rise to entatiomeric excesses near (but smaller than) those experimentally found.
|
['Coloring Agents', 'Hydrodynamics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 23,039,608
|
[['D27.720.233'], ['G01.342'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A study of the effects of internal organ motion on dose escalation in conformal prostate treatments.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the effect of internal organ motion on the dose distributions and biological indices for the target and non-target organs for three different conformal prostate treatment techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined three types of treatment plans in 20 patients: (1) a six field plan, with a prescribed dose of 75.6 Gy; (2) the same six field plan to 72 Gy followed by a boost to 81 Gy; and (3) a five field plan with intensity modulated beams delivering 81 Gy. Treatment plans were designed using an initial CT data set (planning) and applied to three subsequent CT scans (treatment). The treatment CT contours were used to represent patient specific organ displacement; in addition, the dose distribution was convolved with a Gaussian distribution to model random setup error. Dose-volume histograms were calculated using an organ deformation model in which the movement between scans of individual points interior to the organs was tracked and the dose accumulated. The tumor control probability (TCP) for the prostate and proximal half of seminal vesicles (clinical target volume, CTV), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for the rectum and the percent volume of bladder wall receiving at least 75 Gy were calculated.RESULTS: The patient averaged increase in the planned TCP between plan types 2 and 1 and types 3 and 1 was 9.8% (range 4.9-12.5%) for both, whereas the corresponding increases in treatment TCP were 9.0% (1.3-16%) and 8.1% (-1.3-13.8%). In all patients, plans 2 and 3 (81 Gy) exhibited equal or higher treatment TCP than plan 1 (75.6 Gy). The maximum treatment NTCP for rectum never exceeded the planning constraint and percent volume of bladder wall receiving at least 75 Gy was similar in the planning and treatment scans for all three plans.CONCLUSION: For plans that deliver a uniform prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) (plan 1), current margins are adequate. In plans that further escalate the dose to part of the PTV (plans 2 and 3), in a fraction of the cases the CTV dose increase is less than planned, yet in all cases the TCP values are higher relative to the uniform dose PTV (plan 1). Doses to critical organs remain within the planning criteria.
|
['Humans', 'Male', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Rectum', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 12,742,265
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Determination of amitriptyline and cocaine by GC and GC/MS in biological fluids.
|
A method of identification and quantitative determination of amitriptyline and cocaine at trace levels in biological fluids is described. After the extraction of both drugs from the biological material in an alkaline medium, and posterior purification and concentration of the extract, one proceeds to unequivocal identification using the combined capillary GC/MS system with the Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) technique. Quantitative determination is carried out by GC with a N-P detector. The precision of the method and limits of sensitivity are presented.
|
['Amitriptyline', 'Body Fluids', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Cocaine', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans']
| 3,188,358
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.100', 'D04.615.181.384.100'], ['A12.207'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Construction of a double eyelid: an uncut strip of orbicularis removed through three mini-incisions.
|
BACKGROUND: In recent years, many mini-incisional techniques for double-eyelid plasty have been developed. However, the removal of pretarsal tissue has not been satisfactory because only small pockets of soft tissue just inferior to the skin have been removed to place the suture. The formed double eyelid may therefore not be durable. This report introduces a modified mini-incisional method that involves removing a long uncut strip of orbicularis through three mini-incisions.METHODS: A strip of orbicularis uncut from the inner canthus to the outer canthus was removed through three mini-incisions made on the upper eyelid, quite similar to that of a full incisional procedure. The left orbicularis then was pruned in three directions: left, right, and down (toward the palpebral margin). Finally, the incisions were sutured, and a vivid fold was created.RESULTS: From 2008 to 2012, the authors applied this technique to 90 patients (174 eyes). Although the trauma may have been more severe due to a large amount of orbicularis removed, including an uncut strip of orbicularis, bleeding during the operation was easy to control and usually very limited. The edema period for most patients ended within 3 weeks, mainly because of the skin bridge between each incision. The scars became unnoticeable after 3-6 months. Disappearance of the fold was not found in any case at either the 3- or 12-month (average, 9-month) follow-up evaluation or during the 4-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION: The described technique combines the advantages of both full incisional and the usual mini-incisional techniques in developing a long-lasting suprapalpebral fold with inconspicuous scars and a short recovery period.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience,descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blepharoplasty', 'Eyelids', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Suture Techniques', 'Young Adult']
| 23,296,762
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.540.104', 'E04.680.275.090'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['E04.987.775'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of the relative efficacy of antiandrogens for the treatment of acne in hyperandrogenic women.
|
OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative effectiveness of two newer antiandrogens (flutamide and finasteride) with cyproterone acetate (CPA), at both low and high doses in the treatment of moderate to severe acne in hyperandrogenic women.SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Forty-eight hyperandrogenic women were prospectively randomized to the following treatments for 1 year: CPA 2 mg with 35 micro g ethinylestradiol; CPA 50 mg with 25 micro g ethinylestradiol (reverse sequential regimen); flutamide 250 mg daily; and finasteride 5 mg daily. Assessment of Cook scores was the primary end-point of the trial. Blood for androgens was obtained at baseline in these women and 30 ovulatory age-matched controls.RESULTS: Serum androgens were elevated in all 48 women and was similar in each of the four treatment groups. Cook scores were significantly and equally decreased (59-71%) with flutamide and both low and high doses of CPA (P < 0.01). The decrease with finasteride (-36 +/- 2%) was statistically significant but lower than that obtained with the other agents. All treatments were well tolerated.CONCLUSIONS: In hyperandrogenic women with moderate to severe acne, low doses of certain antiandrogens appear to be effective. Low and high doses of CPA with ethinylestradiol were equally effective and were comparable to the effects of a low dose of flutamide. Finasteride was less beneficial.
|
['Acne Vulgaris', 'Adult', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Cyproterone Acetate', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Finasteride', 'Flutamide', 'Humans', 'Hyperandrogenism', 'Prospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 12,153,602
|
[['C17.800.030.150', 'C17.800.794.111'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.219.150', 'D04.210.500.883.419.150'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.500', 'D04.210.500.925.100.250'], ['D02.065.199.420', 'D02.092.146.113.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.706.316.064.500', 'C12.706.316.090.750', 'C13.351.875.253.064.500', 'C13.351.875.253.090.750', 'C16.131.939.316.064.500', 'C16.131.939.316.129.750', 'C19.391.119.064.500', 'C19.391.119.090.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bacillus pumilus polysaccharide cross-reactive with meningococcal group A polysaccharide.
|
A polysaccharide, antigenically and structurally related to meningococcal group A polysaccharide, was isolated from Bacillus pumilus Sh-17. This enteric bacterium has been implicated as a source of natural meningococcal group A immunity (Myerowitz et al., 1973). The B. pumilus polysaccharide was composed of a homopolymer of (1-6)-N-acetyl-manosamine-1-phosphate, glycerol phosphate teichoic acid-containing N-acetylglucosamine and alkali-labile alanine esters, and a mucopeptide. The cross-reaction was due to the poly-(1-6)-N-acetyl-mannosamine-1-phosphate in the B. pumilus and the meningococcal group A polysaccharides, based on the following evidence. Both polysaccharides contained N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphate. Periodate oxidized the mannosamine phosphate residues of the polysaccharide and destroyed their precipitating activity with meningococcal group A antiserum. Mild acid treatment released phosphomonoesters and destroyed the meningococcal group A precipitating activity of both polysaccharides. N-acetyl-mannosamine-6-phosphate inhibited the precipitation reaction between strain Sh-17 and meningococcal group A antisera. Only mannosamine phosphate was detected in trichloroacetic acid extracts of Sh-17 polysaccharide and meningococcal group A antigen-antibody precipitates.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Bacillus', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cross Reactions', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Neisseria meningitidis', 'Periodic Acid', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Species Specificity']
| 184,043
|
[['D12.125'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.641', 'B03.660.075.525.520.500'], ['D01.029.260.675', 'D01.475.705'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The oestrogenic Fusarium toxin (zearalenone) in hay as a cause of early abortions in the cow.
|
In this study, the occurrence of a series of early abortions in a herd of cattle kept at an experimental station in North Savo has been described, the cause of which has evidently been hay feed in which the toxin zearalenone had formed. Several early abortions occurred in this particular herd 30-90 days after artificial insemination had been performed. It was proved by means of a liquid chromatograph test that the hay contained 10 ppm zearalenone, and a biological experiment with rats gave a clear indication of its oestrogenic strength by means of the chloroform extract obtained with the hay. Early abortions ceased to occur after feeding with the suspected feed was discontinued. The cows were on heat again 2-23 days after the early abortions had occurred, though they subsequently experienced difficulties in becoming pregnant.
|
['Abortion, Veterinary', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Food Contamination', 'Poaceae', 'Pregnancy', 'Resorcinols', 'Zearalenone']
| 6,240,023
|
[['C13.703.039.422', 'C22.021'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.852'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.852.900', 'D02.540.950', 'D23.946.587.989']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Disease-modifying factors in hereditary angioedema: an RNA expression-based screening.
|
BACKGROUND: Hereditary Angioedema due to C1-Inhibitor deficiency (HAE types I and II) is a monogenic disease characterized by sudden, self-limited episodes of cutaneous and mucosal swelling due to local deregulation of vascular permeability. Despite its monogenic pattern of inheritance, HAE exhibits great clinical variability and low genotype/phenotype correlation among those affected, which ultimately hinders therapeutic approach and probably underlies yet unknown genetic and environmental factors.METHODS: We studied whole-genome RNA expression of PBMCs in three HAE type-I families (accounting for 40 individuals), 24 of which carry the same R472X mutation in the C1-Inhibitor gene and show large variability in terms of disease expression. Those included in this study were analyzed according to the presence of mutation and/or clinical symptoms.RESULTS: Instead of a single, common disease-associated expression pattern, we found different transcriptome signatures in two of the families studied. In one of them (referred to as DR family), symptoms correlate with the upregulation of 35 genes associated to the biological response to viral infections (including RSADs, OAS, MX and ISG pathway members) and immune response. In another pedigree (Q family), disease manifestation is linked to the upregulation of 43 genes with diverse functions, including transcription and protein folding. Moreover, symptoms-free members of the Q pedigree display relatively higher expression of 394 genes with a wide diversity of functions.CONCLUSION: We found no evidence for a common altered PBMC expression pattern linked to HAE symptoms in the three families analyzed. All the data considered, differential gene expression in PBMCs do not seem to play a significant role in the predisposition or protection against HAE in the basal -between crises- conditions analyzed. Although the RNA expression pattern associated to the response to viral infections observed in the DR family supports the idea of infectious diseases as a modifying factor for HAE severity, large-scale studies would be needed to statistically associate such expression pattern to the development of this rare disease.
|
['Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein', 'Family', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Hereditary Angioedema Types I and II', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Pedigree', 'RNA', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 23,688,356
|
[['D12.644.861.140.500', 'D12.776.124.486.274.920.250.500', 'D12.776.395.320', 'D12.776.872.140.500'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['G05.308'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C14.907.079.500.750', 'C17.800.862.945.066.500.750', 'C20.543.480.904.066.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.393.673'], ['D13.444.735'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Separate basic region motifs within the adeno-associated virus capsid proteins are essential for infectivity and assembly.
|
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is gaining momentum as a gene therapy vector for human applications. However, there remain impediments to the development of this virus as a vector. One of these is the incomplete understanding of the biology of the virus, including nuclear targeting of the incoming virion during initial infection, as well as assembly of progeny virions from structural components in the nucleus. Toward this end, we have identified four basic regions (BR) on the AAV2 capsid that represent possible nuclear localization sequence (NLS) motifs. Mutagenesis of BR1 ((120)QAKKRVL(126)) and BR2 ((140)PGKKRPV(146)) had minor effects on viral infectivity ( approximately 4- and approximately 10-fold, respectively), whereas BR3 ((166)PARKRLN(172)) and BR4 ((307)RPKRLN(312)) were found to be essential for infectivity and virion assembly, respectively. Mutagenesis of BR3, which is located in Vp1 and Vp2 capsid proteins, does not interfere with viral production or trafficking of intact AAV capsids to the nuclear periphery but does inhibit transfer of encapsidated DNA into the nucleus. Substitution of the canine parvovirus NLS rescued the BR3 mutant to wild-type (wt) levels, supporting the role of an AAV NLS motif. In addition, rAAV2 containing a mutant form of BR3 in Vp1 and a wt BR3 in Vp2 was found to be infectious, suggesting that the function of BR3 is redundant between Vp1 and Vp2 and that Vp2 may play a role in infectivity. Mutagenesis of BR4 was found to inhibit virion assembly in the nucleus of transfected cells. This affect was not completely due to the inefficient nuclear import of capsid subunits based on Western blot analysis. In fact, aberrant capsid foci were observed in the cytoplasm of transfected cells, compared to the wild type, suggesting a defect in early viral assembly or trafficking. Using three-dimensional structural analysis, the lysine- and arginine-to-asparagine change disrupts hydrogen bonding between these basic residues and adjacent beta strand glutamine residues that may prevent assembly of intact virions. Taken together, these data support that the BR4 domain is essential for virion assembly. Each BR was also found to be conserved in serotypes 1 to 11, suggesting that these regions are significant and function similarly in each serotype. This study establishes the importance of two BR motifs on the AAV2 capsid that are essential for infectivity and virion assembly.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Capsid', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Dependovirus', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Virus Assembly']
| 16,699,000
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['B04.280.580.650.170'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.920.925.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conformational States of Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC1) Revealed by Ensemble Modeling and Integrative Structural Biology.
|
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC1 and EPAC2) are important allosteric regulators of cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathways. To understand the molecular mechanism of EPAC activation, we performed detailed Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) analysis of EPAC1 in its apo (inactive), cAMP-bound, and effector (Rap1b)-bound states. Our study demonstrates that we can model the solution structures of EPAC1 in each state using ensemble analysis and homology models derived from the crystal structures of EPAC2. The N-terminal domain of EPAC1, which is not conserved between EPAC1 and EPAC2, appears folded and interacts specifically with another component of EPAC1 in each state. The apo-EPAC1 state is a dynamic mixture of a compact (Rg = 32.9 ?, 86%) and a more extended (Rg = 38.5 ?, 13%) conformation. The cAMP-bound form of EPAC1 in the absence of Rap1 forms a dimer in solution; but its molecular structure is still compatible with the active EPAC1 conformation of the ternary complex model with cAMP and Rap1. Herein, we show that SAXS can elucidate the conformational states of EPAC1 activation as it proceeds from the compact, inactive apo conformation through a previously unknown intermediate-state, to the extended cAMP-bound form, and then binds to its effector (Rap1b) in a ternary complex.
|
['Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Humans', 'Protein Binding', 'Scattering, Small Angle', 'Signal Transduction', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'X-Ray Diffraction', 'rap GTP-Binding Proteins']
| 31,877,746
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D12.644.360.325.300', 'D12.776.476.325.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.196.822.830', 'G01.867.755'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.475', 'D12.644.360.525.475', 'D12.776.157.325.515.475', 'D12.776.476.525.475']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in purified large mammal pancreatic islets.
|
In this work, we evaluated the biochemical properties of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) in the porcine endocrine pancreas and their role in insulin release. Binding of [3H]1-(2-chlorophenyl-N-methyl-1-methyl-propyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxa mide ([3H]PK-11195), a specific ligand of PBRs, to islet membranes was saturable and Scatchard's analysis of saturation curve demonstrated the presence of a single population of binding sites, with a dissociation constant (Kd) value of 4.75 +/- 0.70 nM and a maximum amount of specifically bound ligand (Bmax) of 4505 +/- 502 fmol/mg of proteins. The pharmacological profile of PBRs was determined as the ability of PK-11195 and several benzodiazepine compounds to displace [3H]PK-11195 from these binding sites. The rank order of potency yielded the following affinity results: PK-11195 > 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 -on (Ro 5-4864) > diazepam > or = flunitrazepam >> flumazenil. Secretion studies demonstrated that PK-11195 (1 and 10 microM) and Ro 5-4864 (10 and 50 microM) significantly potentiated insulin secretion from freshly isolated porcine islets at 3.3 mM glucose. This potentiating effect was not observed at 16.7 mM glucose concentration nor by the addition of clonazepam. These results show the presence of PBRs in purified porcine pancreatic islets and suggest an implication of PBRs in the mechanisms of insulin release.
|
['Animals', 'Benzodiazepinones', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Membrane', 'Convulsants', 'Glucose', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Isoquinolines', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Swine', 'Tritium']
| 8,630,084
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D27.505.696.282.224', 'D27.505.954.427.220.224'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The quality of life of people with dementia and their family carers.
|
BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of 'persons with dementia' (PWDs) and their family carers.METHOD: Two-hundred and thirty dyads of PWDs and their family carers were included. The PWDs were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q), two Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scales, the Cornell Scale and the QoL-Alzheimer's Disease scale (QoL-AD; self- and proxy-reported scores). The carers were assessed with the QoL-AD and the Geriatric Depression Scale.RESULTS: Factors associated with self-reported QoL were depression (â = -0.26, p < 0.001) and impaired ADL (â = -0.26, p < 0.001) and with proxy-rated QoL were NPI (â = -0.18, p = 0.02), depression (â = -0.32, p < 0.001) and impaired ADL (â = -0.43, p < 0.001). Factors associated with QoL in carers living together with the PWDs were depression (â = -0.56, p < 0.001) and having a hobby (â = 0.19, p = 0.01), whereas depression was associated with QoL in those who lived separately from the PWD (â = -0.60, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Depression and impaired ADL were associated with the self- and proxy-rated QoL of the PWDs, whereas depression in the carers negatively affected their QoL.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Caregivers', 'Data Collection', 'Dementia', 'Depression', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Hobbies', 'Humans', 'Leisure Activities', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Occupations', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Quality of Life', 'Sex Factors']
| 22,854,507
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['N01.824.196'], ['I03.450.642.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['N01.824.547'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ionizing radiation sensitivity of DNA polymerase lambda-deficient cells.
|
Ionizing radiation induces a diverse spectrum of DNA lesions, including strand breaks and oxidized bases. In mammalian cells, ionizing radiation-induced lesions are targets of non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, and base excision repair. In vitro assays show a potential involvement of DNA polymerase lambda in non-homologous end joining and base excision repair. In this study, we investigated whether DNA polymerase lambda played a significant role in determining ionizing radiation sensitivity. Despite increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, lambda-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts displayed equal survival after exposure to ionizing radiation compared to their wild-type counterparts. In addition, we found increased sensitivity to the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and etoposide in the absence of polymerase lambda. These results do not reveal a major role for DNA polymerase lambda in determining radiosensitivity in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Camptothecin', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Polymerase beta', 'Etoposide', 'Genome', 'Genotype', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Mice', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Radiation, Ionizing']
| 18,088,185
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.151'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['G05.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.112'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.380'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['G01.750.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: where are we today?
|
Multiple clinical trials performed over twenty years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have clearly demonstrated that patients have better outcomes if their disease activity at each time-point for follow-up includes a pre-specified target. A European SLE expert panel met in Zurich on May 8, 2012 to discuss whether a treat-to-target approach could be applied in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (T2T/SLE), define a research agenda, and establish a plan for moving forward. In the present paper, observations raised at the meeting and literature data on potential therapeutic targets are reported. The working group on T2T/SLE will continue work over the coming year.
|
['Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,072,706
|
[['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Tangle evolution linked to differential 3- and 4-repeat tau isoform deposition: a double immunofluorolabeling study using two monoclonal antibodies.
|
Double immunofluorolabeling for 3-repeat (3R) and 4-repeat (4R) tau was performed with two monoclonal antibodies, RD3 and RD4, after an additional pretreatment with potassium permanganate and oxalic acid to eliminate nonspecific 3R tau cytoplasmic staining. This method involves hyperdilution of one of the primary monoclonal antibodies (?100-fold), making it undetectable by usual secondary antibodies. The hyperdiluted primary antibody can then only be detected after tyramide amplification. Subsequent application of the other monoclonal antibody at its usual concentration allows double immunofluorolabeling without cross-reaction. This novel method revealed that tau immunoreactivity (IR) in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is heterogeneous in that pretangle neurons exhibit 4R-selective (3R-/4R+) IR, ghost tangles exhibit 3R-selective (3R+/4R-) IR, and neurofibrillary tangles exhibit both 3R and 4R (3R+/4R+) IR. Some nigral neurons exhibited RD3 IR in both AD and corticobasal degeneration/progressive supranuclear palsy (CBD/PSP) brains. However, in CBD/PSP cases, 3R IR was always superimposed on 4R IR, while 3R-selective neurons were present in AD cases. These differential isoform profiles may provide a pivotal molecular reference, closely related to the morphological evolution of tau-positive neurons, which may be variable according to disease (CBD/PSP vs. AD), lesion site (cerebral cortex and substantia nigra), or the stage of evolution (from pretangles to ghost tangles). These findings should provide a more comprehensive understanding of the histological differentiation of various tau deposits in human neurodegenerative disease.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive', 'tau Proteins']
| 22,116,524
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C10.574'], ['A08.675.609.520', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.640.520', 'A11.671.573.520'], ['D12.776.800'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['C10.228.140.079.882', 'C10.228.662.700', 'C10.292.562.750.500', 'C10.574.945.500', 'C10.597.622.447.690', 'C11.590.472.500', 'C23.888.592.636.447.690'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors and prevention of injuries to the cranial nerves in reconstructive surgery of the carotid arteries.
|
Reconstructive operations on aortic arch branches is the most effective approach to prevention of acute and chronic disorders of cerebral circulation. Iatrogenic injuries to the cranial nerves worsen the early end, particularly, the late postoperative period, decrease the quality of life and the social status of patients who had undergone carotid reconstructions. The aim of the study was to improve the short- and long-term results of reconstructive operations on the carotid arteries by means of minimizing the incidence and severity of iatrogenic injuries to the cranial nerves. The study accrued 149 patients undergoing operations on the carotid arteries for atherosclerosis or pathologic tortuosity. Of these 82 patients forming the control group were examined for the incidence and character of injuries to the cranial nerves. Neuropathy of the cranial nerves (CN) was identified in 16 (19.5%) patients (7 patients had injuries to the hypoglossal nerve, 3 to the facial nerve, 5 to the vagus; one patient presented with coexistent injury to the glossopharyngeal and pharyngeal branches of the vagus). The clinically and statistically significant risk factors of injuries were: minor surgical experience, the high loop of the internal carotid artery (ICA), lengthy atherosclerotic stenosis greater than 2 cm, diabetes mellitus, intraoperative trauma of the area of the cranial nerves, high mobilization of the ICA, the lack of visualization of pairs X and XII of the CN, intraoperative bleeding, intersection of the superior radix of the deep cervical loop, edema and hematoma of the neck in the postoperative period, and early unscheduled reoperations. One month later the cumulative stability of cranial dysfunction accounted for 62.5%, after 3 months it accounted for 43.8%, after 6 months for 31.2 , after 9 months for 18.8%, and after 12 months for 6,2%. In patients with injury to the CN, analysis of the quality of life made in the late postoperative period revealed its lowering with respect to all the constituents of mental and physical health. Multimodality prevention of CN injuries was carried out in 67 basic group patients and was aimed at exclusion or abatement of the intensity of the impact of the removable risk factors. The proposed measures made it possible to minimize the incidence of CN injuries from 19.5 to 4.5% and to appreciably improve the quality of life of operated patients.
|
['Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cranial Nerve Injuries', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Perioperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Russia', 'Time Factors', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 16,037,809
|
[['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['C10.292.200', 'C10.900.300.218', 'C26.915.300.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The inhibitory effect of TMK688, a novel anti-allergic drug having both 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and anti-histamine activity, against bronchoconstriction, leukotriene production and inflammatory cell infiltration in sensitized guinea pigs.
|
BACKGROUND: TMK688 is being developed as an anti-allergic drug having both 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and anti-histamine activity.METHOD: We compared the inhibition of the late asthmatic responses by TMK688 with that by other anti-allergic agents in actively sensitized guinea pigs, and examined the relationship between 5-lipoxygenase inhibition and the late asthmatic responses.RESULTS: At 1-3.2 mg/kg, TMK688 inhibited the increases in respiratory resistance, leukotriene (LT) B4 and C4 production in the lungs and eosinophil infiltration into the alveoli during the late asthmatic response, whereas the effects tended to lessen at the dose of 10 mg/kg. These effects are thought to be caused by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of TMK688 because Azelastine, an anti-allergic drug having potent antihistamine activity, exhibited no effect. ONO-1078, a peptide LT antagonist, inhibited the late-phase bronchoconstriction at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o., but not the increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the alveoli, suggesting that the late-phase bronchoconstriction is induced, in part, by peptide LTs, i.e. LT C4, D4 and E4 and that the inflammatory cell infiltration may be caused by LTB4. TMK688 inhibited the immediate bronchoconstriction dose-dependently, and the effect was significant at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally. Since Azelastine, Ketotifen and Oxatomide suppressed the bronchoconstriction at far lower doses than did TMK688, the inhibitory effect was mainly caused by its antihistamine activity.CONCLUSIONS: TMK688 appears to be a novel anti-allergic drug having inhibitory effects on both the bronchoconstriction and the infiltration of inflammatory cells during late asthmatic responses.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Allergic Agents', 'Asthma', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Eosinophils', 'Granulocytes', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Histamine Antagonists', 'Leukotrienes', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Ovalbumin', 'Piperidines', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors']
| 9,117,875
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.016'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['G09.772.705.700.080'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887', 'D23.469.050.175.450'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Association between the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 alleles and type 2 diabetes in Yi nationality of Yunnan].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 alleles and type 2 diabetes in Yi nationality of Yunnan.METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping method was conducted in 58 ethnic Yi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 82 ethnically matched controls from Chuxiong of Yunnan. Then a study was made on the association between the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 alleles and type 2 diabetes mellitus.RESULTS: The frequency of HLA-DQA1*0301 allele in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P=0.002, RR=3.097), and the frequency of HLA-DQA1*0601 in the patients was significantly lower (P=0.025, RR=0.429).CONCLUSION: In Yi nationality of Yunnan, HLA-DQA1*0301 allele may be a susceptible gene and the HLA-DQA1*0601 allele may protect individuals from the risk of diabetes mellitus.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'China', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'HLA-DQ Antigens', 'HLA-DQ alpha-Chains', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 16,331,578
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430.500', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Findings on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in subjects older than 80 years.
|
Twenty-four-hour electrocardiograms were recorded in 50 subjects (44 women, 6 men) older than 80 years without cardiovascular disease and with normal standard electrocardiographic responses. During waking and sleeping periods, the mean sinus rates were, respectively, 78 +/- 3 and 64 +/- 1 beats/min; heart rate ranged from 43 to 180 beats/min over 24 hours. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was present in 28% of the subjects. Nocturnal sinus arrhythmia was only noted in 12% of the patients; it was accompanied by sinus pauses of 1.8 to 2 seconds, and 1 woman had a transient pattern compatible with atrioventricular dissociation. Supraventricular ectopic contractions (SVECs) were present in all cases. The frequency was less than 1 per hour in 25% and more than 20 per hour in 65%. Serious supraventricular tachyarrhythmias included an episode of ectopic atrial tachycardia (1 subject), a short run of atrial fibrillation (1 subject) and of flutter (1 subject), and several episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (2 subjects), all accompanied by more than 50 SVECs per hour. The number of ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) exceeded 10 per hour in 32% and were multifocal in 18%. There were couplets in 8% and a run of 6 VPCs in 1 subject (2%). In conclusion, sinus pause and atrioventricular block are unusual in people older than 80 years without apparent heart disease. In contrast, frequent SVECs and VPCs are more common. This study stresses the difficulty of evaluating the normality of the electrocardiogram with portable monitoring in the older population.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Atrioventricular Node', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Tachycardia']
| 3,946,253
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['A07.541.409.147'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A deficit survival analysis to assess the natural history of uveal melanoma.
|
A deficit survival analysis was conducted using a retrospective series of 230 patients with uveal melanoma. All underwent enucleation as primary treatment for their disease. Considering the three leading prognostic factors (epithelioid cells per high power field, tumor size, and tumor location), median age was plotted against median survival to determine pathways of disease spread, local and metastatic disease phases, consequences of delayed diagnosis, and the timing of enucleation. The subgroup with all three factors favorable could be subdivided into younger and older subsets on the basis of a bimodal age distribution. Only the older subset could be identified as a local disease state where survival following enucleation corresponded to normal population survival. All remaining subgroups were metastatic because of survival deficits compared to the normal population. Disease tended to progress according to three well defined pathways with 6-8 years required to progress from one subgroup to the next along these paths. These pathways were characterized by constant deficit survivals, suggesting that delays in diagnosis did not translate into loss in survival. Moreover, the value of enucleation as primary therapy can be questioned in the context that it does not appear to alter the natural history of the disease, except for tumors greater than 10 mm in largest dimension which are located anterior to the equator with fewer than 2 epithelioid cells per high power field. Findings suggest that uveal melanoma can be treated by means other than enucleation to allow a chance for prolonged survival with vision preservation.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Uveal Neoplasms']
| 6,725,501
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Critical role of the transcription factor AP-1 for the constitutive and interferon-induced expression of IFI 16.
|
IFI 16 is a member of the HIN-200 family of transcriptional regulators that suppress cell growth, modulate the cell cycle and have been linked to cellular differentiation. We hypothesized that the activity of IFI 16 depends on its level of expression and therefore studied the transcriptional activity of the IFI 16 promoter. A discrete sequence within the 5' untranslated region was required for constitutive activity of the promoter and the functional motif within this region was shown to be a consensus AP-1 site. Interestingly, this AP-1 site was also critical for IFN-induced activation of the promoter and consistent with these observations, treatment of cells with IFNgamma resulted in a rapid and robust induction of AP-1 activity that preceded expression of IFI 16. These experiments define the transcriptional mechanisms of IFI 16 gene regulation and provide evidence suggesting that AP-1 activation may be an important event in IFN signaling.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Reporter', 'HL-60 Cells', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transcription Factor AP-1']
| 12,682,910
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
APA hamster model for diabetic atherosclerosis. 2. Analysis of lipids and lipoproteins.
|
Syrian hamsters of the APA strain (APA hamsters) have recently been shown to have atheromatous lesions in the aortic arches under diabetic condition induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (SZ). In that model, fatty streaks, which are the initial lesions of atherogenesis, develop by 6 weeks after the injection (WAI). In this study, we evaluated plasma lipid concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in diabetic APA hamsters at 6 WAI to reveal the early stage of atherogenesis clinicopathologically. As a result, by biochemical analysis, hyperglycemic APA hamsters showed signs of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol significantly increased, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol significantly decreased. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed an obvious increase in the fractions of chylomicron, LDL and abnormal lipoprotein. Plasma LDL in diabetic animals was in a state more susceptible to oxidization. In addition, a significant increase in glycated LDL was also found in the diabetic animals by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, lipid peroxidation product (4-hydroxynonenal (4 HNE))-adducted proteins and advanced glycation end-products (AGE) were immunohistochemically detected in the foam cells of the fatty streaks. These results revealed that diabetic APA hamsters had hyperlipidemia characterized by increases in chylomicron, LDL and abnormal lipoprotein, and suggested that oxidized LDL and/or glycated LDL might be actively uptaken by macrophages and play an important role in the initial stage of atherogenesis.
|
['Aldehydes', 'Animals', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Cricetinae', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Foam Cells', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male']
| 11,109,552
|
[['D02.047'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.109'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.329.372.368', 'A11.627.482.368', 'A11.733.397.368', 'A15.382.670.522.368', 'A15.382.680.397.368'], ['D12.776.643.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The inhibition of endotoxin-induced local inflammation by LDH virus or LDH virus-infected tumors is mediated by interferon.
|
The footpad swelling reaction induced by local injection of S. marcescens lipopolysaccharide was found to be inhibited in mice given a transplantable tumor (TA3) or cell-free ascitic fluid from tumor-bearing mice. The tumor was shown to contain LDH virus, which is known to cause inapparent persistent infections in mice. Monoclonal antibodies directed against protein VP3 of the LDH virus could partially abrogate the anti-inflammatory effect of the TA3-ascitic fluid, and, conversely, the anti-inflammatory effect could be obtained by LDH virus isolated from the tumor and reproduced by serial passage of cell-free fluids. Inhibition of the footpad reaction was seen in the acute but not in the chronic phase of LDH virus infection, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect might be due to endogenous interferon (IFN) which, similarly, was only detectable in the acute phase. Newcastle disease virus, another potent interferon inducer, had a similar inhibitory effect on the footpad reactivity. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of LDH virus infection could partially be abrogated by administration of a polyclonal antibody directed against murine IFN-alpha,beta. Finally, passively administered natural murine IFN-alpha,beta or recombinant murine IFN-alpha 1 (but not recombinant murine IFN-beta) was found to cause inhibition of the footpad reaction. Since Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides have the ability to induce a systemic interferon response, our findings suggest that this interferon may play a modulatory role in local inflammation caused by these bacteria. Our findings also open a new perspective for interferon therapy of certain inflammatory reactions to bacterial infections.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Immune Sera', 'Inflammation', 'Interferon Type I', 'Kinetics', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serratia marcescens', 'Togaviridae Infections']
| 3,033,682
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B03.440.450.425.814.664', 'B03.660.250.150.720.500'], ['C01.925.782.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
B cell depletion with ublituximab reshapes the T cell profile in multiple sclerosis patients.
|
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, thought to be mediated by myelin-specific CD4+ T cells. However, B cell depletion has proven to be an effective therapy for MS, but the mechanism is not well understood. This study was designed to determine how B cell depletion changes lymphocyte profiles. During a phase IIa clinical trial with ublituximab, a novel CD20 antibody, blood was collected from 48 MS patients at 11 time points over 24 weeks and the lymphocyte profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of na?ve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased, while the percentage of both effector and central memory T cells declined. CD4+ Th1 effector cells decreased, while there was a significant increase in CD4+ regulatory T cells. The depletion of B cells had a favorable shift in the lymphocyte landscape, reducing the number of na?ve T cells becoming activated and transitioning to memory T cells. The ratio of Th1 cells to CD4+ regulatory T cells declined, suggesting that immune regulation was being restored. These data suggest that loss of B cells as antigen presenting cells is a major mechanism of action for the beneficial effects of CD20 antibody therapy in MS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD20', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Lymphocyte Depletion', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Myeloid Cells', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Young Adult']
| 31,077,854
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.120', 'D23.050.301.264.051.120', 'D23.101.100.110.120', 'D23.101.100.150.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.521', 'E05.478.610.570'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['A11.627'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The cellular response to blood in the vitreous: an ultrastructural study.
|
The cellular response to whole blood injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbits was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Inflammatory cell invasion was slow to commence (2--3 days) and was predominantly mononuclear. Although firmly established by 6 days, the cell response remained low-grade with a high proportion of giant macrophages. In addition, multinuclear giant cells were observed, even as long as 18 mth after blood injection into the vitreous, and their formation appeared to result from the fusion of young cells with older macrophages. Phagocytosis of red cells by macrophages was frequently observed, but the major pathway for red cell degradation appeared to be extracellular haemolysis. In general, the cell response was similar to that in a "low-turnover" granuloma, and it is suggested that this atypical response to blood deposits may be due to the unusual nature of the connective tissue matrix of the vitreous.
|
['Animals', 'Blood', 'Eye Diseases', 'Macrophages', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'Rabbits', 'Thrombosis', 'Vitreous Body']
| 521,869
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of liposome-immunopotentiated exopolysaccharide as a component of an ovine mastitis staphylococcal vaccine.
|
Experiments on the development of a vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis were carried out in ewes. The vaccine (Spanish patent no. 9200223) has the following components: (i) inactivated (formalinized) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and a coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. Staphylococcus simulans) and S. aureus toxoid in presence of an adjuvant (dextran sulfate, Mw 500,000); and (ii) S. aureus exopolysaccharide included within liposomes. High serum antibody titres were obtained against whole cells from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. However, there was no response to cells from Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus chromogenes strains. An immune response (serum IgG) against the inoculated exopolysaccharide was obtained when > or = 20 micrograms of exopolysaccharide were included in liposomes and when > or = 20 mg of exopolysaccharide were adjuvanted with dextran sulfate instead of liposomes. For experimental infection assays, ewes were vaccinated during pregnancy and challenged either with a low virulence S. simulans strain or with a highly virulent S. aureus strain. In these assays, the incidence of S. simulans subclinical mastitis and of S. aureus acute mastitis was significantly lower in vaccinated animals than in unvaccinated controls. Specifically, on challenge with S. simulans, two out of 14 glands became infected among the vaccinated animals and nine out of ten glands in the unvaccinated group (p < 0.001). On challenge with S. aureus, no protection was detected when component (ii) was omitted from the vaccine; nine out of ten animals developed mastitis (two mild, two moderate and five severe).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Female', 'Liposomes', 'Mastitis', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Sheep', 'Sheep Diseases', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 8,165,857
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['C13.703.844.603', 'C17.800.090.968'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C22.836'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of morphine, pethidine and fentanyl in the postsurgical patient-controlled analgesia environment.
|
This study was designed to evaluate whether there is any scientific basis for clinicians' preferences for selecting opioids for use in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and to determine whether there are any patients' preferences for being treated with any of these opioids. Results were obtained for 55 postoperative patients recruited to investigate putatively equivalent doses of 3 commonly used opioids--morphine, pethidine and fentanyl--when self-administered postoperatively. No significant differences in the incidence of side effects between groups were found with the exception of more pruritus reported in the group given morphine. Patients who experienced vomiting or pruritus reported a greater intensity of these side effects if receiving morphine and fentanyl than if receiving pethidine. The majority of patients reported being very satisfied with their postoperative pain management and with PCA, with no differences in satisfaction between the 3 opioid-treated groups. A senior consultant anaesthetist, when asked to make a judgement, was not able to identify which agent each patient was receiving with a better than chance accuracy. These findings suggest that while there may be subtle differences in patient response to these 3 commonly used opioids, none was obviously superior when used for postoperative PCA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analgesia, Patient-Controlled', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meperidine', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Postoperative Care']
| 8,867,253
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.091.120'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.066.399.450', 'D03.383.621.349.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Self-expanding metallic stent in malignant colonic obstruction].
|
About 20% of colorectal cancers are complicated by intestinal obstruction. Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) permit desobstruction in over 90% of cases. In palliative setting, employing SEMS reduces hospitalisation time and permanent stoma rate with identical mortality rates compared to surgery. When using SEMS as bridge to surgery, higher primary and lower overall stoma rates are obtained with no significant mortality reduction by now. Of concern, procedure-related bowel perforation is frequent, especially among endoscopists lacking sufficient experience in colonic stenting.
|
['Colonic Diseases', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Length of Stay', 'Palliative Care', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Stents']
| 24,066,467
|
[['C06.405.469.158'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enzymatic, outer membrane proteins and plasmid alterations of starved Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus cells in seawater.
|
The marine bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus were incubated in seawater for 8 months to evaluate their adaptative responses to starvation. The starved cells showed an altered biochemical and enzymatic profiles, respectively, on Api 20E and Api ZYM systems and an evolution to the filterable minicells state capable to pass membrane pore size 0.45 microm. Outer membrane proteins patterns of stressed bacteria were also altered. Indeed, these modifications were manifested by the appearance and/or disappearance of bands as well as in the level of expression of certain proteins. Plasmids profiles analysis showed that V. alginolyticus ATCC 33787 lost three plasmids, whereas other tested strains conserved their initial profiles.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Plasmids', 'Seawater', 'Vibrio alginolyticus', 'Vibrio parahaemolyticus', 'Water Microbiology']
| 19,373,459
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.030', 'B03.660.250.830.830.030'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.550', 'B03.660.250.830.830.590'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Propionibacterium acnes infection as an occult cause of postoperative shoulder pain: a case series.
|
BACKGROUND: Infections after shoulder surgery are potentially devastating complications. Propionibacterium acnes is recognized as a causal agent in shoulder infections. The clinical presentation is usually insidious and nonspecific, but a P. acnes infection could be an occult cause of postoperative shoulder pain.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: What are the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of a postsurgical P. acnes shoulder infection and how should it be addressed?PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients with an average age of 57 years presented with P. acnes postsurgical shoulder infection. Clinical infection signs and surgical history were assessed and joint aspirates and tissue biopsy specimens were obtained. Diagnosis was confirmed by microbiologic cultures.RESULTS: At the time of confirmation of the diagnosis, clinical signs of infection were absent. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were inconsistently elevated. Cultures took a mean 7 days to confirm organism growth. The average time from surgery to diagnosis of infection was 1.8 years (range, 0.07-8.0 years). All patients underwent irrigation and d?bridement and were treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks.CONCLUSIONS: P. acnes shoulder infections should be considered as a cause for persistent, unexplained shoulder pain. Shoulder aspirations and tissue samples should be obtained. Surgical d?bridement and intravenous antibiotics are necessary treatment modalities.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, Prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biopsy', 'Colorado', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Debridement', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbiological Techniques', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Propionibacterium acnes', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Shoulder Pain', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 21,240,577
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.210'], ['E02.186'], ['E04.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875', 'E05.200.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['B03.510.024.990.600.600', 'B03.510.460.400.400.600.600.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['C05.550.091.700', 'C23.888.592.612.094.700', 'F02.830.816.444.350.500', 'G11.561.790.444.350.500'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characteristics of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the impact of echocardiographic left ventricular volume.
|
BACKGROUND: One-third of patients who receive cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are classified as nonresponders. Characteristics of responders to CRT have been studied in multiple clinical trials.HYPOTHESIS: Independent predictors of CRT response may be identified by studying a series of patients in routine clinical practice.METHOD: One hundred twenty-five patients were examined retrospectively from a multidisciplinary CRT clinic program. Echocardiographic CRT response was defined as a decrease in left ventricular (LV) end-systolic volume of ?15% and/or absolute increase of 5% in LV ejection fraction at the 6-month visit.RESULTS: There were 81 responders and 44 nonresponders. By univariate analyses, female sex, nonischemic cardiomyopathy etiology, baseline QRS duration, the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB), and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) index predicted CRT response. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that only QRS duration, LBBB, and LVEDV index were independent predictors (QRS width, odds ratio [OR]: 1.027, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004-1.050, P = 0.023; LBBB, OR: 3.568, 95% CI: 1.284-9.910, P = 0.015; LVEDV index, OR: 0.970, 95% CI: 0.953-0.987, P = 0.001). Although female sex and nonischemic etiology were associated with an improved CRT response on univariate analyses, after adjusting for LV volumes they were not independent predictors.CONCLUSIONS: QRS width, LBBB, and LVEDV index are independent predictors for echocardiographic CRT response. Previously reported differences in CRT response for sex and cardiomyopathy etiology are associated with differences in baseline LV volumes in our clinical practice.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stroke Volume']
| 22,886,700
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.331.200.500'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quality of life in patients submitted to surgical treatment for minor salivary gland neoplasms.
|
This study was aimed at assessing the quality of life in patients submitted to surgical treatment for minor salivary gland neoplasms (MSGN). Twelve patients (10 women and 2 men, mean age: 49.4 years) with histopathologic diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA, 3 cases), polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA, 2 cases), cystic adenoid carcinoma (CAC, 4 cases), and muco-epidermoid carcinoma (MEC, 3 cases) were evaluated. All of them were treated by surgical excision; patients with CAC received radiotherapy as well. The patients quality of life was evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire concerning their physical well-being, emotional status, normal daily activities, and family relationships. The results showed that patients with MEC--the youngest among all patients--reported a significantly greater worsening of their physical well-being and emotional status after treatment as compared with patients treated for PA (P<0.05), and also of their functional activities as compared with those treated for PA and PLGA (P<0.05). In conclusion, age of development of the neoplasm and type of disease produce more impact on patients quality of life than does the therapys degree of aggression.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenoma, Pleomorphic', 'Adult', 'Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic', 'Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Salivary Gland Neoplasms', 'Salivary Glands, Minor', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 18,060,267
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.435.090', 'C04.557.470.035.155'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.220'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.340', 'C04.557.470.590.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C04.588.443.591.824', 'C07.465.530.824', 'C07.465.815.718'], ['A03.556.500.760.650', 'A10.336.779.650', 'A14.549.760.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cloning, expression, and immunological evaluation of two putative secreted serine protease antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
|
Culture filtrate proteins (CFP) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been shown to contain immunogenic components that elicit at least partial protective immunity against Mycobacterium infection. To clone genes encoding some of the immunogenic proteins, we made a high-titer rabbit anti-CFP serum and used it to screen an M. tuberculosis genomic expression library in Escherichia coli. In this paper, we describe the molecular cloning of two new protein components of CFP and identified them as members of the serine protease gene family. Their open reading frames contain N-terminal hydrophobic secretory signals consistent with their detection in CFP. The predicted molecular masses of the mature, fully processed forms of both antigens are approximately 32 kDa, in agreement with their observed sizes on immunoblots of CFP probed with polyclonal rabbit antisera made to the recombinant proteins. Thus, these proteins have been designated MTB32A and MTB32B. Interestingly, and despite 66% amino acid sequence homology between the two proteins, polyclonal rabbit antisera made to each of the recombinant proteins were found to be specific for the respective immunizing antigens. The recombinant proteins were also evaluated in in vitro assays with donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds. MTB32A but not MTB32B stimulated PBMC from healthy PPD-positive donors but not from PPD-negative donors to proliferate and secrete gamma interferon. MTB32A is encoded by a single-copy gene which is present in both virulent and avirulent strains of the M. tuberculosis complex and the BCG strain of Mycobacterium bovis but absent in the environmental mycobacterial species tested. In addition, nucleotide sequence comparison of mtb32a of the avirulent H37Ra strain and the virulent Erdman strain, as well as with the corresponding sequences (identified in the databases) of strain H37Rv and the clinical isolate CSU93, revealed 100% identity. MTB32A, therefore, represents a candidate for inclusion in subunit vaccine development. Finally, the possible role of MTB32 serine proteases as a virulence factor(s) during Mycobacterium spp. infection is discussed.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Rabbits', 'Serine Endopeptidases']
| 10,417,166
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of PacC on the environmental stress adaptability and cell wall components of Ganoderma lucidum.
|
The transcription factor PacC/Rim101 participates in environmental pH adaptation, development and secondary metabolism in many fungi, but whether PacC/Rim101 contributes to fungal adaptation to environmental stress remains unclear. In our previous study, a homologous gene of PacC/Rim101 was identified, and PacC-silenced strains of the agaricomycete Ganoderma lucidum were constructed. In this study, we further investigated the functions of PacC in G. lucidum and found that PacC-silenced strains were hypersensitive to environmental stresses, such as osmotic stress, oxidative stress and cell wall stress, compared with wild-type (WT) and empty-vector control (CK) strains. In addition, transmission electron microscopy images of the cell wall structure showed that the cell walls of the PacC-silenced strains were thinner (by approximately 25-30%) than those of the WT and CK strains. Further analysis of cell wall composition showed that the â-1,3-glucan content in the PacC-silenced strains was only approximately 78-80% of that in the WT strain, and the changes in â-1,3-glucan content were consistent with downregulation of glucan synthase gene expression. The ability of PacC to bind to the promoters of glucan synthase-encoding genes confirms that PacC transcriptionally regulates these genes.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Cell Wall', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Glucosyltransferases', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reishi', 'Transcription Factors', 'beta-Glucans']
| 31,639,624
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['A11.284.183'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.308.330'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.300.179.120.760.338.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D09.698.365.089']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anisotropic protein-protein interactions due to ion binding.
|
Self-association of proteins is strongly affected by long-range electrostatic interactions caused by equilibrium adsorption of small ions such as protons and multivalent metals. By affecting the molecular net charge, solution pH is thus a widely used parameter to tune stability and phase behavior of proteins. We here review recent studies where the charge distribution is perturbed not only by protons, but also by other binding ions, leading to a rich and inherently anisotropic charge distribution. Focus is on coarse grained simulation techniques, coupled to experiments of protein-protein interaction at varying salt and pH conditions. Finally, and with future bio-colloidal models in mind, we discuss the validity of coarse graining charge anisotropy using electric multipoles.
|
['Ions', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteins']
| 26,162,300
|
[['D01.248.497'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between cutaneous pressure threshold and two-point discrimination.
|
The amount of pressure that should be applied when doing the two-point discrimination test has always been a matter of controversy. The Pressure-specified Sensory Devices permits recording the pressure at which two-point discrimination (2 PD) occurs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cutaneous pressure threshold and 2PD in people with normal and abnormal peripheral nerve functions. The Pressure-specified Sensory Devices was used to quantify the cutaneous pressure threshold in the index-finger pulp in each individual, between the range of 2 mm and 8 mm of static 2 PD, using 1-mm intervals. Twenty normal controls were examined; ten patients were less than 45 years of age; and ten patients were greater than 45 years of age. This relationship of pressure to 2PD was also tested in eight patients with abnormal peripheral nerve function (four patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, and four patients with diabetic neuropathy). A curvilinear relationship was identified in which, for the same skin surface in the same individual, regardless of age or presence of nerve compression or neuropathy, the cutaneous pressure threshold was inversely related to static 2PD. This curve shifted upward and to the right with the increasing age of the normal population and with neurologic impairment. The awareness of this neurophysiologic relationship between 2PD and pressure threshold permits the design of strategies for sensibility testing and provides a basis for the interpretation of sensory test results.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Pressure', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Touch']
| 9,734,846
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.668.829.500.500.200', 'C10.668.829.550.200', 'C26.844.150.206'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G01.374.715'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['G13.750'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lipopolysaccharide, IFN-gamma, and IFN-beta induce expression of the thiol-sensitive ART2.1 Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase in murine macrophages.
|
Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) can act as a modulator of multiple immune and inflammatory responses when released into extracellular compartments. These actions of extracellular NAD are largely mediated by a family of mammalian ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) that covalently modify target extracellular or cell surface proteins by transferring ADP-ribose to arginine or cysteine residues. In this study, we report that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from BALB/c mice lack constitutive expression of any of the six murine ecto-ART subtypes, but selectively up-regulate ART2.1 in response to multiple proinflammatory mediators including agonists for TLR and type I and type II IFN. Stimulation of BMDM with LPS, IFN-beta, or IFN-gamma induced high expression of ART2.1, but not ART2.2, as a GPI-anchored cell surface ectoenzyme. ART2.1 expression in response to LPS was potentiated by inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling, but inhibited by blockade of the NF-kappaB, PI3K, and JAK-STAT pathways or the presence of neutralizing anti-IFN-beta. The catalytic function of the induced cell surface ART2.1 was strictly dependent on the presence of extracellular thiol-reducing cofactors, suggesting that in vivo activity of ART2.1-expressing macrophages may be potentiated in hypoxic or ischemic compartments. Consistent with the mutated art2a gene in C57BL/6 mice, LPS- or IFN-stimulated BMDM from this strain lacked expression of cell surface ART2 activity in the presence or absence of extracellular thiol reductants. Collectively, these studies identify ART2.1 as a new candidate for linking autocrine/paracrine activation of inflammatory macrophages to the release of NAD, a critical intracellular metabolite.
|
['ADP Ribose Transferases', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Inflammation', 'Interferon-beta', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'NF-kappa B', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rats', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds']
| 17,947,697
|
[['D08.811.913.400.725.115'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['G05.308.320'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.275', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.275', 'D23.529.374.440.890.275'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.886.489']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preemptive antifungal therapy for the prevention of invasive candidiasis following gastrointestinal surgery for intra-abdominal infections.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery for intra-abdominal infection are at risk of invasive candidiasis (IC) and candidates for preemptive antifungal therapy.METHODS: This exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed a preemptive antifungal approach with micafungin (100 mg/d) in intensive care unit patients requiring surgery for intra-abdominal infection. Coprimary efficacy variables were the incidence of IC and the time from baseline to first IC in the full analysis set; an independent data review board confirmed IC. An exploratory biomarker analysis was performed using logistic regression.RESULTS: The full analysis set comprised 124 placebo- and 117 micafungin-treated patients. The incidence of IC was 8.9% for placebo and 11.1% for micafungin (difference, 2.24%; [95% confidence interval, -5.52 to 10.20]). There was no difference between the arms in median time to IC. The estimated odds ratio showed that patients with a positive (1,3)-â-d-glucan (?DG) result were 3.66 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-13.29) times more likely to have confirmed IC than those with a negative result.CONCLUSIONS: This study was unable to provide evidence that preemptive administration of an echinocandin was effective in preventing IC in high-risk surgical intensive care unit patients with intra-abdominal infections. This may have been because the drug was administered too late to prevent IC coupled with an overall low number of IC events. It does provide some support for using ?DG to identify patients at high risk of IC.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01122368.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Biomarkers', 'Candidiasis, Invasive', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Echinocandins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Intraabdominal Infections', 'Lipopeptides', 'Male', 'Micafungin', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis', 'Young Adult', 'beta-Glucans']
| 26,270,686
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D23.101'], ['C01.150.703.160.175', 'C01.150.703.492.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D12.644.641.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['C01.463'], ['D10.477', 'D12.644.365'], ['D10.477.625', 'D12.644.365.750', 'D12.644.641.311.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['N02.421.726.758.655', 'N06.850.780.680.655'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D09.698.365.089']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tolerance for chronic heat exposure is greater in female than male mice.
|
PURPOSE: Chronic heat exposure in mice has cellular and physiological effects that improve thermal tolerance [1], but also modifies innate immune responses with potential adverse consequences [2]. While male and female mice are known to respond differently to acute exposure to severe hyperthermia, sex-based differences in responses to chronic moderate heat exposure have not been reported. The major objective of this study was to compare the tolerance of male and female mice for chronic heat exposure.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a mouse model of 5-day moderate heat exposure (ambient temperature ?37°C) to compare the physiological and cellular heat shock response in male and female mice. Core temperature, heart rate, and activity were monitored telemetrically and heat shock protein levels were measured in brain and lung by western blotting.RESULTS: Adult CD-1 female mice maintained a 1.2°C lower core temperature (38.31 ± 0.64 versus 39.51 ± 0.72°C; p = 0.002), experienced less weight loss (1.54 ± 0.45 versus 4.54 ± 1.97 g; p = 0.0007), and had improved survival (16/16 survived versus 13/21, p < 0.006) than male mice of the same age. After 5 days of moderate heat exposure Hsp72 levels in brain and lung increased 2.1-fold (p = 0.007) and 5-fold (p = 0.048) in male mice compared with 1.3- (p = 0.054) and 1.5-fold (p = 0.134) in female mice.CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals previously unknown and potentially important differences between male and female mice in physiological and cellular responses to chronic heat exposure, which had consequences for survival. Future studies may identify biomarkers of differential heat tolerance and treatments to improve heat tolerance in humans.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 23,153,218
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G07.775.500'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A multi-generational study on low-dose BPA exposure in Wistar rats: effects on maternal behavior, flavor intake and development.
|
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor found as an environmental and food contaminant. It exerts both developmental and behavioral effects, mainly when exposure occurs in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the multi-generational effects of chronic, human-relevant low-dose exposure to BPA on development, maternal behavior and flavor preference in Wistar rats. BPA was orally administered at a daily dose of 5 ìg/kg body weight to F0 pregnant dams from the first day of gestation (GD 1) until the last day of lactation (LD 21), and then to F1 offspring from weaning (PND 21) to adulthood (PND 100). F2 offspring were not exposed. Development and clinical signs of toxicity were assessed daily. Maternal behavior was evaluated by observing nursing and pup-caring actions, as well as "non-maternal" behaviors in F0 and F1 dams from parturition until LD 8. The flavor preferences of F1 and F2 offspring were evaluated based on the intake of sweet, salt and fat solutions using the two-bottle choice test on PND 21-34 and PND 86-99. BPA exposure: 1) decreased maternal behavior in F1 dams, 2) caused developmental defects in both F1 and F2 offspring, with a noticeable decrease in anogenital distance in male rats, and 3) did not affect flavored solution intake in F1, but induced changes in sweet preference in F2 juveniles and in salt and fat solution intakes in F2 adults, and 4) induced a body weight increase in the F2 generation only, whereas food intake and water consumption did not change. Taken as a whole, our findings showed that both gestational (F0) and lifelong (F1) exposures to a human-relevant dose of BPA could induce multi-generational effects on both development and behavior. These results suggest possible selective neuroendocrine defects and/or epigenetic changes caused by BPA exposure.
|
['Age Factors', 'Air Pollutants, Occupational', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Birth Rate', 'Body Weight', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Flavoring Agents', 'Food Preferences', 'Gestational Age', 'Male', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Phenols', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sex Ratio']
| 24,269,606
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D27.888.284.101.268'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['E05.318.308.985.775.500', 'N01.224.935.849.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D26.650.294', 'D27.720.372.300.353', 'D27.720.744.294', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400', 'J02.500.514.500.400'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G05.815', 'I01.240.800.815', 'N01.224.803.815', 'N06.850.505.400.850.815']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Patient satisfaction in military medicine: status and an empirical test of a model.
|
The Department of Defense (DoD) is concerned about how well military medical treatment facilities in the military health system perform. Patient expectations, attitudes, and health care use have been examined in numerous studies; the results are fairly consistent. Eligible beneficiaries report moderate satisfaction with the health care received. In 1994-2001, annual DoD and monthly ambulatory patient surveys were conducted in military medical treatment facilities. The DoD surveys document how patients perceive the care provided. The obvious research concerns are: requirements for conducting surveys; who should be surveyed: eligible beneficiaries or actual users; when; where; representative sample; how often to conduct assessment; data collection methods; analytic schemes; overall trends; predictors of satisfaction; use of results; and timeliness of findings. This study examines these issues and analyzes raw data from selected annual DoD and monthly ambulatory surveys. The overall level of perceived satisfaction has been "good" over the years surveys were used. The model demonstrated the use of examining demographic and attitudinal components of patient satisfaction in military medical facilities.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Military Medicine', 'Military Personnel', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'United States', 'Veterans']
| 14,529,251
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.500'], ['M01.526.625'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estrogen Receptor á Deficiency Modulates TLR Ligand-Mediated PDC-TREM Expression in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Lupus-Prone Mice.
|
Female lupus-prone NZM2410 estrogen receptor á (ERá)-deficient mice are protected from renal disease and have prolonged survival compared with wild-type littermates; however, the mechanism of protection is unknown. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and type I IFN drive lupus pathogenesis. Estrogen acting via ERá enhances both pDC development and IFN production. The objectives for this study were to determine if ERá modulates pDC function and IFN activity in predisease NZM2410 mice as a possible protective mechanism of ERá deficiency in lupus-prone mice. We measured the effect of ERá deficiency on spleen pDC frequency, number, maturation, and activation state. ERá deficiency reduced type I IFN activity and the frequency of MHC class II(+) pDCs in the spleen without altering overall pDC frequency, number, or maturation state. Additionally, ERá-deficient NZM2410 mice had a significantly decreased frequency of pDCs expressing PDC-TREM, a modulator of TLR-mediated IFN production. After in vitro TLR9 stimulation, ERá deficiency significantly reduced the expression of PDC-TREM on pDCs from both NZM2410 and C57BL/6 mice. Thus, we have identified a significant effect of ERá deficiency on pDCs in predisease NZM2410 mice, which may represent a mechanism by which ERá deficiency protects NZM2410 mice from lupuslike disease.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Immunomodulation', 'Interferon Type I', 'Kidney', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Toll-Like Receptor 9']
| 26,553,076
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['G05.308'], ['E02.095.465', 'G12.535'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.260.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis in the brain of the neonatal rat.
|
Suckling rats were killed at various intervals after intraperitoneal injection of acetate-1-(14)C and their brain sterols were analyzed by column, thin-layer, paper, and gas-liquid chromatography. The crude sterol (to which carrier zymosterol was added) was separated by column chromatography into cholesterol, desmosterol, and zymosterol fractions, and the specific activities of the recovered digitonides were determined. The zymosterol fraction, mainly carrier, was not uniformly labeled, in that the trailing half of the peak had a higher specific activity than the leading half. Evidence obtained suggests that this carbon activity was present in one or more sterols resembling zymosterol (Delta(8,24)-cholestadienol), Delta(7,24)-cholestadienol, and Delta(7,5.24)-cholestatrienol. The desmosterol and cholesterol were also carbon-labeled. The time course of the distribution of carbon activity among the above fractions indicated that the zymosterol fraction is a precursor of the desmosterol and that the desmosterol is, in turn, a precursor of the cholesterol. The data suggest that, in the developing brain of the rat, the course of the transformation of cholesterol precursors into cholesterol is influenced by the presence of at least two slow steps, one involving the conversion of Delta(7)- and Delta(8)-compounds to Delta(5)-compounds and the other, the reduction of the Delta(24)-unsaturation.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Cholesterol', 'Rats', 'Sterols']
| 5,971,045
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Helicopter transport of patients to tertiary care centers after cardiac arrest.
|
Air transport is commonly used to transfer survivors of cardiac arrest from rural hospitals to large tertiary-care centers, presumably to improve outcome. To examine this issue, a retrospective review of patients stabilized after a cardiac arrest was conducted; 157 transports were reviewed. The mean age of patients was 37.9 +/- 27.8 yrs, with a male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Survivors were significantly older than nonsurvivors. Thirty-one of 69 patients (45%) with primary cardiac disease were discharged alive from the hospital, 75% without neurological sequelae. Only a minority of patients with noncardiac medical illness (7%), electrical injury (33%), suffocation (15%), near-drowning (15%), and inhalation (0%) were discharged alive from the hospital. Outcomes for cardiac arrest in adult patients older than 65 years (32.3% survival) were similar to those for adult patients younger than 65 years (36.2% survival) (P = .887). These results show that survivors of a primary cardiac event have a favorable outcome when transferred by air to tertiary centers when compared with historical controls that were transported by ground. On the other hand, cardiac arrests from noncardiac medical illness, suffocation, near-drowning, and inhalation have a grim prognosis. Prospective studies should clarify the role of air transport in these patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Air Ambulances', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Heart Arrest', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ohio', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Trauma Centers', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,102,309
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['J01.937.285.100.100', 'N02.421.297.879.100.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C14.280.383'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Expression of a glucose-tolerant beta-glucosidase from Humicola grisea var. thermoidea in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
A beta-glucosidase gene (bgl4) from Humicola grisea var thermoidea was successfully expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant protein (BGL4(Sc)) was initially detected associated with yeast cells and later in the culture medium. BGL4(Sc) showed optimal pH and temperature of 6.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively, and an apparent molecular mass of 57 kDa. The enzyme showed activity against cellobiose and synthetic substrates, and was inhibited more than 80% by Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Al3+. Using p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate, BGL4(Sc) presented a V(max) of 6.72 micromol min(-1) mg total protein(-1) and a K (m) of 0.16 mM under optimal conditions. Most important, BGL4(Sc) is resistant to inhibition by glucose and the calculated K (i) value for this sugar is 70 mM. This feature prompts BLG4(Sc) as an ideal enzyme to be used in the saccharification process of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Temperature', 'beta-Glucosidase']
| 19,669,941
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Structural diversity in the atomic resolution 3D fingerprint of the titin M-band segment.
|
In striated muscles, molecular filaments are largely composed of long protein chains with extensive arrays of identically folded domains, referred to as "beads-on-a-string". It remains a largely unresolved question how these domains have developed a unique molecular profile such that each carries out a distinct function without false-positive readout. This study focuses on the M-band segment of the sarcomeric protein titin, which comprises ten identically folded immunoglobulin domains. Comparative analysis of high-resolution structures of six of these domains ‒ M1, M3, M4, M5, M7, and M10 ‒ reveals considerable structural diversity within three distinct loops and a non-conserved pattern of exposed cysteines. Our data allow to structurally interpreting distinct pathological readouts that result from titinopathy-associated variants. Our findings support general principles that could be used to identify individual structural/functional profiles of hundreds of identically folded protein domains within the sarcomere and other densely crowded cellular environments.
|
['Connectin', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Protein Domains', 'Protein Folding']
| 31,856,237
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.324', 'D12.776.210.500.246'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pu-erh tea has in vitro anticancer activity in TCA8113 cells and preventive effects on buccal mucosa cancer in U14 cells injected mice in vivo.
|
Pu-erh tea is a functional tea production in China. The functional effects should be proved. The oral cancer preventive and antimetastatic effects of Pu-erh tea in vitro and in vivo have been studied respectively. Pu-erh tea showed an inhibitory effect on human tongue carcinoma TCA8113 cells proliferation tested by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-Thiazolyl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay and induced TCA8113 apoptosis shown anticancer effect. The antimetastatic effect of Pu-erh tea in TCA8113 cells was proved by the decreasing of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and increasing of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) mRNA transcription. In the animal experiments, the tumor volumes and lymph node metastasis rates of Pu-erh tea-treated mice were smaller than control mice. Pu-erh tea reduced the levels of the serum proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-á, and interferon-ã to a greater extent compared with the control mice, and the levels of 200 ìg/mL treatment was more close to the normal mice than 100 ìg/mL treated mice. Pu-erh tea also significantly induced apoptosis in tissues of mice (P < 0.05) by upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2. These results demonstrate Pu-erh tea has cancer preventive and anti-metastatic effects on buccal mucosa cancer, the higher concentration get better efficiency.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'China', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-12', 'Interleukin-6', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Mice', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Tea', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Up-Regulation', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 24,945,996
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831'], ['D12.776.645.875'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Long-term effects of the substituted benzamide derivative amisulpride on baseline and stimulated prolactin levels.
|
In the present study, we investigated the long-term effects of treatment with amisulpride, a substituted benzamide derivative, as compared with the effects of treatment with flupenthixol, a thioxanthene, on the prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients. After completing 6 weeks of medication with either amisulpride or flupenthixol, the patients entered a long-term maintenance treatment with amisulpride 200-600 mg/day or flupenthixol 5-15 mg/day for a maximum of 12 months with a subsequent drug-free follow-up until month 15. Eighteen initially included patients were still participating in the study at month 6. In the flupenthixol group, only 1 patient treated reached month 12, and none of the patients reached month 15. For the amisulpride treatment group, months 12 and 15 were completed by 9 and 6 patients, respectively. After 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment, and finally 3 months after cessation of treatment, the basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated secretions of prolactin were investigated. The prolactin plasma levels were elevated in both treatment groups during the course of maintenance treatment with a maximum effect at month 1. Flupenthixol treatment initially raised the prolactin levels about two- or threefold, and a subsequent decline during months 3 and 6 occurred. However, only the changes for month 1 reached the level of a statistical trend. The prolactin secretion was initially increased over tenfold by amisulpride. The prolactin levels at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 were significantly elevated as compared with the baseline values. A continuous decline of prolactin levels in both treatment groups occurred over the course of the next months. The prolactin response after the thyrotropin-releasing hormone challenge was not significantly changed over the long-term course. Notably, in the amisulpride group, 3 months after cessation of treatment at month 12, the elevated levels of prolactin returned to baseline at month 15. In summary, amisulpride demonstrated more pronounced effects than flupenthixol on the prolactin levels. However, the findings indicate also that treatment with amisulpride at clinically effective doses can be achieved at significantly lower prolactin levels during the long-term maintenance phase than during the prior acute phase.
|
['Adult', 'Amisulpride', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Flupenthixol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prolactin', 'Schizophrenia', 'Sulpiride', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Time Factors']
| 12,207,145
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.277.034', 'D02.241.223.100.100.110', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.084'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D02.886.952.360', 'D03.383.606.460', 'D03.633.300.953.704.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['F03.700.750'], ['D02.065.277.866', 'D02.241.223.100.100.866', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.866'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The medical dissertation in Germany : A quantitative analysis of promotion regulations in medical faculties].
|
BACKGROUND: The medical dissertation represents an independently processed scientific project. In the field of medicine this has for many years displayed the basis for controversial discussions. The aim of the study presented here was to evaluate the prerequisites of all current promotion regulations in German medical faculties in order to develop a comparability on the basis of a scoring system.METHOD: An independent analysis of all promotion regulations from German medical faculties for the year 2014 was carried out according to 12 primary outcome measures and a scoring system.RESULTS: The average total score of promotion regulations at 37 German medical faculties was 57.2 points (SD ±9.5) out of a possible 100 scoring points. The highest scores with 72-85 points were achieved by 3 faculties and 5 achieved scores of only 42-45 points. The range of the different criteria tested was broad. While the written thesis, the review process, the examination requirements as well as the grading of the thesis were defined in all regulations, the introduction into good clinical practice, knowledge of methodology as well as a check for plagiarism only seem to play minor roles.CONCLUSION: The promotion regulations at German medical faculties show a great variation using the scoring system presented here for the first time. Standardized federal promotion regulations might help to establish a structured transparency as well as a national equality of opportunity.
|
['Academic Dissertations as Topic', 'Academic Performance', 'Education, Medical', 'Faculty, Medical', 'Germany', 'Humans']
| 27,356,924
|
[['L01.178.682.389'], ['I02.399.136'], ['I02.358.399'], ['M01.526.485.375', 'M01.526.702.250.373', 'N02.360.375'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A GUS/luciferase fusion reporter for plant gene trapping and for assay of promoter activity with luciferin-dependent control of the reporter protein stability.
|
A gene-trapping vector carrying a GUS/Luciferase dual reporter gene was developed to establish an efficient and convenient screening system for T-DNA-based gene trapping in plants. A key feature of this gene trap scheme is to place two different types of reporters, luciferase (Luc) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS), as a fusion protein within a trapped gene to probe the activity of the gene. Luc is then utilized as a non-invasive, vital and highly sensitive screening reporter to identify trapped lines, including direct screening of the trapped lines from the primary T-DNA mutant pools. GUS is utilized as a histochemical assay reporter to analyze detailed cellular expression patterns. Transgenic expression studies in Arabidopsis showed that this fusion reporter protein retains functional enzyme activity for both GUS and Luc. Using this system in Arabidopsis, we were able to identify 3,737 trapped lines from 26,900 individual T-DNA insertion lines. Sequence determination of the T-DNA insertion loci in the genome of 78 trapped lines identified GUS/Luc fusions with 27 annotated Arabidopsis genes which included a subset of transcription factors, protein kinases, regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes. Of these, particular expression patterns of four tagged genes were further confirmed by analyzing putative promoter regions of the corresponding wild-type genes. Furthermore, the protein stability of the GUS/Luc fusion reporter was controlled by application of luciferase substrate (luciferin), overcoming the excessive stability problem of GUS that causes misrepresentation of the transcriptional activity of a promoter. These results demonstrate the utility of the GUS/Luc dual reporter system as a gene trap reporter for studying plant genome function and also as a convenient dual reporter system for study of gene expression.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Firefly Luciferin', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genome, Plant', 'Glucuronidase', 'Luciferases', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']
| 17,597,079
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D02.886.675.298', 'D03.383.129.708.298'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
miR-34a inhibits pancreatic cancer progression through Snail1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Notch signaling pathway.
|
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch signaling are important for the growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. miR-34a has been shown to play pivotal roles in the progression of several types of cancer. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of miR-34a in pancreatic cancer processes. The aim of this study was to determine whether miR-34a has negative effects on pancreatic cancer and whether these effects are related to EMT and Notch signaling. In vitro, we demonstrated that miR-34a inhibited, while miR-34a inhibitors enhanced, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1 and SW-1990).These effects were reversed by Snail1 overexpression or Snail1 shRNA. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effects of the miR-34a inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cells were abrogated by Notch1 shRNA. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that the Snail1 and Notch1 genes were direct targets of miR-34a. In vivo, we also demonstrated that miR-34a inhibited pancreatic cancer growth by decreasing Snail1 and Notch1 expression. Therefore, our results indicate that miR-34a inhibits pancreatic cancer progression by post-transcriptionally regulating Snail1 and Notch1 expression.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Progression', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'MicroRNAs', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Receptor, Notch1', 'Signal Transduction', 'Snail Family Transcription Factors']
| 28,145,431
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G04.356.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.725.500', 'D12.776.930.770.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Complement component C5a predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
|
AIMS: Complement activation occurs in atherosclerotic lesions, and particularly complement component C5a exerts potent chemotactic and proinflammatory effects. However, it is yet unknown, whether plasma levels of C5a may predict cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma levels of the complement component C5a may predict cardiovascular risk in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 173 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (median age 72, 82 male). Cardiovascular risk profile, levels of the complement factor C5a, and other non-specific inflammatory parameters [high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen] were obtained at baseline, and patients were followed for median 22 months [interquartile range (IQR) 13-27] for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary interventions, coronary artery bypass graft, carotid revascularization, stroke, and death). We observed 65 MACE in 49 patients (28%). Cumulative event rates (95% confidence interval (CI)) within quartiles of C5a at 24 months were 16 (5-27), 26 (13-39), 36 (21-51), and 37% (23-51), respectively (P=0.0077). Adjusted hazard ratios for the occurrence of a first MACE according to increasing quartiles of C5a were 1.81, 2.23, and 2.66, respectively, as compared to the lowest quartile (P=0.038), irrespective of the level of other inflammatory parameters.CONCLUSION: Complement activation, indicated by the elevation of C5a, seems to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Clinically, determination of C5a may add to the predictive value of other non-specific inflammatory parameters.
|
['Aged', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Complement Activation', 'Complement C5a', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 15,917,276
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D23.101'], ['G12.274'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.270', 'D12.776.124.486.274.450.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of acorn size and storage duration on moisture content, germination and survival of Quercus petraea (Mattuschka).
|
This study was conducted to evaluate how acom size (small, medium and large) and acorn storage duration (0, 5 and 17 months) influenced Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) moisture content and germination. Acorn size and storage duration did not significantly affect acorn moisture content, but they significantly affected acorn germination performance. When averaged for three acorn sizes, loss of germination performance occurred after 17 months of storage even when the moisture content did not reduce significantly and remain at the initial level (32.6%). Maximum germination percentage was observed in large and medium size classes before storage (93 and 95%, respectively) and after 5-month storage (94 and 93%, respectively), but after 17-month storage medium acorn size class exhibited the highest germination (68%). Small seed size class exhibited the lowest germination percentage and rate in each acorn storage duration. Acorn size also significantly affected seedling emergence and survival in the nursery and seedling emergence and survival was the lowest in small seed size class (85 and 80%, respectively). Although seedling survival of one-year seedlings in the nursery increased up to large seed size class, maximum survival in nursery conditions was observed in large and medium size classes (89 and 91%, respectively). Thus, acorn size grading in Q. petraea may result in higher germination performance within in a seedbed.
|
['Germination', 'Quercus', 'Seedlings', 'Seeds', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 21,047,006
|
[['G07.345.625.249', 'G15.357'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.750.300.500'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oxytocin does not contribute to the effects of cervical dilation on progesterone secretion and embryonic development in mares.
|
The aim of the present study was, to investigate the effects of oxytocin administration on Day 7 post-ovulation on progesterone secretion, pregnancy rate and embryonic growth in mares. Endogenous stimulation of oxytocin release was compared to the administration of native oxytocin or the long-acting oxytocin analogue carbetocin. At Day 7 after ovulation, mares had to undergo four treatments in a crossover design: (a) control, (b) oxytocin (10 IU i.v.), (c) carbetocin (280 microg i.m.) and (d) cervical dilation. On Day 13, all mares (8 of 8 mares) were pregnant on groups control, oxytocin and carbetocin and only 6 of 8 mares on group dilation. In one mare uterine fluid accumulation and uterine edema from Day 6 to 13 and early embryonic death by Day 11 occurred during dilation treatment. Another mare, which did not become pregnant during dilation treatment, developed uterine fluid accumulation and uterine edema from Day 10 to 14. Mean growth rates of the conceptuses did not differ among treatment groups and individual growth rates varied in a wide range from -0.1 to 0.8 cm per day. At Day 13, mean diameters of conceptuses yielded 1.4+/-0.1 cm in control group, 1.5+/-0.1 in oxytocin and carbetocin group and 1.3+/-0.2 cm in dilation group. Secretion of progesterone was not affected by treatments. Administration of oxytocin and carbetocin caused similar maximum plasma concentrations of oxytocin, but onset and duration of peaks differed. Maximum concentrations after intramuscular application of carbetocin were obtained almost 20 min later when compared to intravenous administration of oxytocin. Duration of peaks after injection of the long-acting oxytocin analogue was more than three-fold longer than after administration of native oxytocin. In conclusion, the present study showed that single administration of oxytocin or its long-acting analogue carbetocin at Day 7 after ovulation did not affect progesterone secretion, pregnancy rate and embryonic growth. Two possible scenarios concerning the effects of cervical dilation were observed: In the majority of mares, dilation of the caudal half to two-third of the cervical lumen up to a diameter of 4.5 cm had no negative consequences on progesterone secretion and pregnancy outcome. However, cervical dilation caused uterine inflammation and subsequent luteolysis in two mares and early embryonic death in one of them. Thus, manipulation of the cervix itself seems not to have negative impact on success rates of transcervical transfer of embryos in the mare.
|
['Animals', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Horses', 'Oxytocics', 'Oxytocin', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Progesterone', 'Random Allocation', 'Time Factors']
| 16,769,107
|
[['B01.050'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D27.505.696.875.737', 'D27.505.954.705.737'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Multiple oncocytic cystadenoma with intraluminal crystalloids in parotid gland: case report.
|
Oncocytic cystadenoma is a benign tumor of salivary glands, histologically characterized by multicystic growth of the oncocytic epithelial lining. Crystals in different shapes and nature associate oncocytic type of salivary gland neoplasms. An 82 year-old woman with right parotideal mass had an operation of superficial parotidectomy. Histological examination revealed multiple unilocular or multilocular cystic lesions with incomplete fibrous capsule, papillary foldings, and 1 or 2 layers of oncocytic epithelium lines. The epithelium lining the cysts were positive for CK8, CK14, CK18, CK19, and negative for SMA, S-100, and p63 immunohistochemically. Cystadenomas were described as mostly multilocular and we presented a multifocal cystic neoplastic lesion lined by oncocytic type epithelial cells with intraluminal crystalloids. Multiple cysts forming morphology, incomplete fibrous capsule of most cysts and immunohistocemical findings were considered as multiple oncocytic cystadenoma with intraluminal crystalloids in the parotid gland.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Cystadenoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Parotid Gland', 'Parotid Neoplasms']
| 25,501,093
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.035.320', 'C04.557.470.590.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.500.760.464', 'A10.336.779.464', 'A14.549.760.464'], ['C04.588.443.591.824.695', 'C07.465.530.824.695', 'C07.465.815.470.770', 'C07.465.815.718.589']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Heterogeneity in high-risk prostate cancer treated with high-dose radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to assess the heterogeneity of high-risk (HR) prostate cancer managed with high-dose external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).METHODS: We identified 547 patients who were treated with modern EBRT from 1997 to 2013, of whom 98% received ADT. We analyzed biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS).RESULTS: Median EBRT dose was 74 Gy, and median ADT duration was 8 months. At 5 years, the DMFS was 85%. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of shorter bRFS were biopsy Gleason score (bGS) of 8 to 10, higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, shorter duration of ADT and lower radiation dose while predictors of shorter DMFS were bGS of 8 to 10, higher PSA level, and lower radiation dose. We identified an unfavorable high-risk (UHR) group of with 2-3 HR factors based on 2015 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria and a favorable high-risk (FHR) group, with 1 HR feature. Comparing very-HR prostate cancer, UHR & FHR, 5 year bRFS rates were 58.2%, 66.2%, and 69.2%, and 5 year DMFS rates were 78.4%, 81.2%, and 88.0%.CONCLUSION: Patients with multiple HR factors have worse outcome than patients with 1 HR factor. Future studies should account for this heterogeneity in HR prostate cancer.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Risk Assessment']
| 28,764,689
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['E02.186'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Persistent organohalogen contaminant burdens in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from the eastern Antarctic sector: a baseline study.
|
A baseline for persistent organohalogen compound (POC) accumulation in the Antarctic keystone species, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) has been established for a 50 degrees longitudinal range of the eastern Antarctic sector. Samples of adult krill, caught from 12 sites distributed between 30 degrees and 80 degrees E (60-70 degrees S), were analysed for >100 organohalogen compounds including chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated organic compounds and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs). Organochlorine pesticides dominated measured krill contaminant burdens with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as the single most abundant compound quantified. Krill HCB concentrations were comparable to those detected at this trophic level in both the Arctic and temperate northwest Atlantic, lending support for the hypothesis that HCB will approach global equilibrium at a faster rate than other POCs. Para, para'-dichlorodiphenylethene (p,p'-DDE) was detected at notable concentrations. Measurements of DDT and its degradation products provide an important baseline for monitoring the temporal and geographical influence of renewed, DDT usage for malaria-control in affected southern hemisphere countries. In contrast to the Arctic, PCBs did not feature prominently in contaminant burdens of Antarctic krill. The major commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners -99 and -47 were quantified at low background levels with clear concentration spikes observed at around 70 degrees E , in the vicinity of modern, active research stations. The likelihood that local anthropogenic activities are supplementing low PBDE levels, delivered otherwise primarily via long range environmental transport, is discussed. The suspected naturally occurring brominated organic compound, 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA), was a ubiquitous contaminant in all samples whereas the only PCDD/Fs quantifiable were trace levels of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and 1,2,3,4,7,8/1,2,3,4,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran (HxCDF). With the aims of; i) Generating a robust and broadly applicable POC auditing platform for the scarcely studied eastern Antarctic sector; ii) Determining the compounds accumulating in Antarctic krill for further toxicity evaluation studies and iii) Establishing a baseline for Antarctic predator exposure to POCs, this study represents one of the most comprehensive reports of POC contamination of the Antarctic food web to date.
|
['Animals', 'Antarctic Regions', 'Body Burden', 'Data Collection', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Euphausiacea', 'Hydrocarbons, Halogenated', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 18,848,720
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.158'], ['E05.799.638.231', 'N06.850.460.200'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.250'], ['D02.455.526'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
BRM-SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex enables functional telomeres by promoting co-expression of TRF2 and TRF1.
|
TRF2 and TRF1 are a key component in shelterin complex that associates with telomeric DNA and protects chromosome ends. BRM is a core ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Whether and how BRM-SWI/SNF complex is engaged in chromatin end protection by telomeres is unknown. Here, we report that depletion of BRM does not affect heterochromatin state of telomeres, but results in telomere dysfunctional phenomena including telomere uncapping and replication defect. Mechanistically, expression of TRF2 and TRF1 is jointly regulated by BRM-SWI/SNF complex, which is localized to promoter region of both genes and facilitates their transcription. BRM-deficient cells bear increased TRF2-free or TRF1-free telomeres due to insufficient expression. Importantly, BRM depletion-induced telomere uncapping or replication defect can be rescued by compensatory expression of exogenous TRF2 or TRF1, respectively. Together, these results identify a new function of BRM-SWI/SNF complex in enabling functional telomeres for maintaining genome stability.
|
['Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'Genomic Instability', 'HEK293 Cells', 'HeLa Cells', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Heterochromatin', 'Humans', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Telomere', 'Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1', 'Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2', 'Transcription Factors']
| 32,502,208
|
[['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.383', 'D12.776.664.224.466', 'G05.360.160.180.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['D12.776.260.735.750', 'D12.776.660.235.700.750'], ['D12.776.260.735.875', 'D12.776.660.235.700.875'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence that muscarinic receptors in islet cells are not coupled functionally to adenylate cyclase through the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Ni).
|
The effect of muscarinic agonist on adenylate cyclase was investigated in neonatal islet cells and in a clonal pituitary cell line (GH4C1) following labelling of the intracellular ATP pool with [2,8 3H]adenine. In islet cells carbamylcholine was without effect on basal or glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, measured as 3H cyclic AMP production, but inhibited 3H cyclic AMP production in the clonal pituitary cells. The involvement of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein of adenylate cyclase (Ni) was investigated by the use of the Bordetella pertussis exotoxin, islet activating protein (IAP). Pre-treatment of islet cells with IAP was without effect on adenylate cyclase following carbamylcholine but in the clonal pituitary line abolished the inhibition of 3H cyclic AMP production. It is concluded that in the islet cell, in contrast to the clonal pituitary cell, muscarinic receptors are not effectively coupled through Ni to inhibit adenylate cyclase.
|
['Adenylate Cyclase Toxin', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Carbachol', 'Cells, Cultured', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Pertussis Toxin', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Virulence Factors, Bordetella']
| 3,133,298
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200.040', 'D23.946.123.946.040', 'D23.946.896.980.040'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.680', 'D23.946.123.946.690', 'D23.946.896.980.690'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['D23.946.123.946', 'D23.946.896.980']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF07_BC strains circulating in the Xinjiang Province of China.
|
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 CRF07_BC recombinant previously circulated mainly among the intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Xinjiang province of China and is currently spreading in the entire country. The aim of this study is to characterize the genotypic and phenotypic properties of HIV-1 CRF07_BC isolates in comparison with those of the subtype B' (Thailand B) which is prevalent in the former plasma donors (FPDs) in China.RESULTS: Twelve HIV-1 CRF07_BC variants were isolated from the blood of the HIV-1-infected IDUs in Xinjiang province, and 20 subtype B' isolates were obtained from the FPDs in Anhui and Shanxi provinces of China. All the CRF07_BC viruses utilized CCR5 co-receptor, whereas 12 subtype B' viruses were R5-tropic, and the remaining B' isolates were dual (R5X4) tropic. CRF07_BC viruses had lower net charge value in the V3 loop and exhibited slower replication kinetics than subtype B' viruses. The number and location of the potential N-linked glycosylation sites in V1/V2 and the C2 region of the CRF07_BC viruses were significantly different from those of the subtype B' viruses.CONCLUSION: The HIV-1 CRF07_BC recombinant strains with relatively lower net charges in the V3 loop exclusively utilize CCR5 co-receptor for infection and exhibit slow replication kinetics in the primary target cells, suggesting that CRF07_BC may be superior over B' and other HIV-1 subtypes in initiating infection in high-risk population. These findings have molecular implications for the adaptive evolution of HIV-1 circulating in China and the design of tailored therapeutic strategy for treatment of HIV-1 CRF07_BC infection.
|
['Adult', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'China', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Drug Users', 'Genotype', 'Glycosylation', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Receptors, HIV', 'Sequence Homology', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Virus Attachment', 'Virus Replication']
| 19,442,296
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['M01.169'], ['G05.380'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.543.750.830.700'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['G06.920.868'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Study of the coordination abilities of stibine ligands to gold(I).
|
The reaction of [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) with SbMes(n)Ph(3-n) (n = 3 (1), 2 (2), 1 (3)) produces the 1:1 adducts [AuCl(SbMes(n)Ph(3-n))] (n = 3 (4), 2 (5), 1 (6)), with a Sb-Au-Cl environment, regardless of the molar ratio used (1:1 to 1:4). Addition of the same stibines to [Au(tht)(2)]ClO(4) (molar ratio 1:1 to 1:4) results in isolation of the 1:2 adducts [Au(SbMes(n)Ph(3-n))(2)]ClO(4) (n = 3 (7), 2 (10)), containing linear Sb-Au-Sb fragments, or the 1:3 adduct [Au(SbMesPh(2))(3)]ClO(4) (11), with a quasi trigonal planar AuSb(3) core. The same 1:2 cations are produced when [Au(tht)(2)]CF(3)SO(3) is reacted with 1 or following a rearrangement process when 4 is treated with AgSbF(6), that is, [Au(SbMes(3))(2)]X (X = CF(3)SO(3) (8), SbF(6) (9)). The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the molecular structures of 2-4, 7, 8.2CDCl(3), 9, and 11 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations were carried out on model systems of type ER(3) and [Au(ER(3))(n)](+) (E = P or Sb; R = Ph or Mes; n = 2, 3, or 4) to gain insight into the bonding nature of SbR(3) ligands in homoleptic gold-stibine adducts, in comparison with phosphine-gold(I) compounds. Steric effects govern the coordination of stibines with mesityl substituents. A preference for higher coordination numbers is observed for SbPh(3) when compared with PPh(3) and experimentally observed C-Sb-C and Sb-C structural distortions of stibines upon coordination are reproduced theoretically.
|
['Antimony', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Gold', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Organometallic Compounds']
| 20,540,566
|
[['D01.268.513.124', 'D01.268.556.050', 'D01.552.544.050'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D02.691']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cryptosporidium parvum in Korea: prevalence in individuals residing in three major river valleys and genetic characteristics of the isolates.
|
Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal illness caused by apicomplexa parasite Cryptosporidium spp. In this study, to examine the overall infection status of Cryptosporidium spp. in individuals residing in southern parts of Korea, eight counties around Yeongsan, Seomjin and Nakdong River valleys was surveyed. The investigation was carried out from April to October 2005. A total of 9,498 stool samples were collected from individuals. Stool samples were analyzed for modified acid-fast stains, and DNA fragment extracted from positive samples was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for 18S rRNA polymorphic region. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 239 specimens (2.5%) by a modified acid-fast stain. Infection rate was not significantly different between male (2.2%) and female (2.8%) individuals examined (P>0.05). In the infection rate by age, totally 1-9 (4.8%) and 80< (3.7%) age group were shown to the highest, and there was shown to significant differences (P<0.05). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 18S rRNA gene from 51 isolates showed that all the isolates were identified as C. parvum. Our data collectively suggested that C. parvum infection is prevalent in the studied areas of Korea and more comprehensive nation-wide epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the infection status of Cryptosporidium infection in Korea.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cryptosporidiosis', 'Cryptosporidium parvum', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Prevalence', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 18S', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Factors', 'Young Adult', 'Zoonoses']
| 19,942,816
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.610.432.269', 'C01.610.701.688.235', 'C01.610.752.250.269', 'C01.610.752.625.235', 'C06.405.469.452.269', 'C22.674.710.235'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.150.160.170'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D13.444.735.686.675'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['C01.973', 'C22.969']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antifungal activity of plumericin and isoplumericin.
|
This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Apocynaceae', 'Candida', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Indenes', 'Iridoids', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Plant Extracts']
| 22,224,260
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.456.500'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486', 'D04.615.486'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450.675.500', 'D02.455.849.575.188.500', 'D03.383.663.491'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Who calls the shots in tobacco control policy? Policy monopolies of pro and anti-tobacco interest groups across six European countries.
|
BACKGROUND: One of the factors influencing variation in tobacco control policies across European countries is the relative policy dominance of pro and anti-tobacco control interest groups. Scholars investigating this power balance have predominantly conducted single country case studies. This study aims to explore and describe the relative dominance of pro and anti-tobacco control interest groups across six European countries by using a tobacco display ban as a case study. We examined whether there are patterns and similarities with regards to two components of policy monopolies: framing of tobacco and institutional arrangements.METHODS: Thirty-two semi-structured interviews with 36 key stakeholders were conducted in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and the Netherlands. These interviews were coded using the Framework Method.RESULTS: In countries where health Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have a relative policy dominance, tobacco consumption was predominantly framed as a health issue, NGO communities were well developed, the industry was largely absent in terms of production and manufacture, the health ministries played central roles in the policymaking process, and FCTC article 5.3 was strictly interpreted. In countries where the tobacco industry has a relative policy dominance, tobacco was framed as a private problem, NGO communities were absent or weak, the industry was well represented, the health ministries played subordinate roles in the policymaking process, and FCTC article 5.3. was only interpreted in terms of transparency.CONCLUSION: The ways in which tobacco consumption is framed in a country and the ways in which institutions are arranged correspond to the policy monopoly in place, with strong similarities across countries with the same policy monopoly.
|
['Europe', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Policy Making', 'Qualitative Research', 'Stakeholder Participation', 'Tobacco Use']
| 31,226,963
|
[['Z01.542'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.742'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.738.805', 'I03.743'], ['F01.145.958']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Palliative hemiskeletal irradiation for widespread metastatic prostate cancer: a comparison of single dose and fractionated regimens.
|
Between 1986 and 1987 patients with hormone refractory metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with hemiskeletal irradiation. One group of 15 patients was treated with a fractionated regimen of 2500-3000 cGy in 9 to 10 fractions. A second group of 14 patients received a single dose of 600 cGy or 800 cGy depending upon whether the upper or lower hemiskeleton was irradiated. Both groups were similar with respect to their initial Karnofsky performance status and extent of disease. With the exception of one patient in the single dose group, all patients treated achieved complete or partial relief shortly after completion of their respective courses of therapy. Of the patients treated with single dose therapy, 10 of 14 (71%) ultimately needed retreatment in the region initially irradiated because of recurrent bone pain or spinal cord compression. In contrast, only 2 of 15 (13%) of the patients receiving the fractionated treatment course needed retreatment (p = .001). Although the median survival of both groups from the time of initial treatments was similar (10 and 11 months), the median duration for palliation was greater for those patients receiving the fractionated regimen as compared with single dose therapy (8.5 months vs 2.8 months). The incidence of treatment related toxicity was similar for both groups. We conclude that fractionated hemiskeletal radiation is a more effective means of palliation when compared to single dose therapy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Palliative Care', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']
| 2,480,941
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815.639']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Soil Carbon Response to Projected Climate Change in the US Western Corn Belt.
|
The western US Corn Belt is projected to experience major changes in growing conditions due to climate change over the next 50 to 100 yr. Projected changes include increases in growing season length, number of high temperature stress days and warm nights, and precipitation, with more heavy rainfall events. The impact these changes will have on soil organic carbon (SOC) needs to be estimated and adaptive changes in management developed to sustain soil health and system services. The process-based model CQESTR was used to model changes in SOC stocks (0-30 cm) of continuous corn ( L.) and a corn-soybean [ (L.) Merr.] rotation under disk, chisel, ridge, and no-tillage using projected growing season conditions for the next 50 yr. Input for the model was based on management and harvest records from a long-term tillage study (1986-2015) in eastern Nebraska, and model output was validated using measured changes in SOC from 1999 to 2011 in the study. The validated model was used to estimate changes in SOC over 17 yr under climatic conditions projected for 2065 under two scenarios: (i) crop yields increasing at the observed rate from 1971 to 2016 or (ii) crop yields reduced due to negative effects of increasing temperature. CQESTR estimates of SOC agreed well with measured SOC ( = 0.70, < 0.0001). Validated model simulated changes in SOC under projected climate change differed among the three soil depths (0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm). Summed over the 0- to 30-cm depth, there were significant three-way interactions of year ? rotation ? yield ( = 0.014) and year ? tillage ? yield ( < 0.001). As yield increased, SOC increased under no-tillage continuous corn but was unchanged under no-tillage corn-soybean and ridge tillage regardless of cropping system. Under chisel and disk tillage, SOC declined regardless of cropping system. With declining yields SOC decreased regardless of tillage or cropping system. These results highlight the interaction between genetics and management in maintaining yield trends and soil C.
|
['Agriculture', 'Carbon', 'Climate Change', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Soil', 'Zea mays']
| 30,025,056
|
[['J01.040'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Examination of the role of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine pneumonia and a mathematical model for its evaluation.
|
The authors screened 34 large cattle herds for the presence of Mycoplasma bovis infection by examining slaughtered cattle for macroscopic lung lesions, by culturing M. bovis from lung lesions and at the same time by testing sera for the presence of antibodies against M. bovis. Among the 595 cattle examined, 33.9% had pneumonic lesions, mycoplasmas were isolated from 59.9% of pneumonic lung samples, and 10.9% of sera from those animals contained antibodies to M. bovis. In 25.2% of the cases M. bovis was isolated from lungs with no macroscopic lesions. The proportion of seropositive herds was 64.7%. The average seropositivity rate of individuals was 11.3% but in certain herds it exceeded 50%. A probability model was developed for examining the relationship among the occurrence of pneumonia, the isolation of M. bovis from the lungs and the presence of M. bovis specific antibodies in sera.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Hungary', 'Lung', 'Models, Biological', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Mycoplasma bovis', 'Pneumonia', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies']
| 15,595,278
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['Z01.542.248.495'], ['A04.411'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.200'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
High Concentration of Aspirin Induces Apoptosis in Rat Tendon Stem Cells via Inhibition of the Wnt/â-Catenin Pathway.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in clinical practice to relieve fever and pain. Aspirin, as a representative NSAID, has been widely used in the treatment of tendinopathy. Some reports have demonstrated that aspirin can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, evidence regarding aspirin treatment for tendinopathy, especially the effect of this treatment on tendon stem cells (TSCs), is lacking. Understanding the effect of aspirin on tendinopathy may provide a basis for the rational use of NSAIDs in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to determine whether aspirin induces apoptosis in rat TSCs via the Wnt/â-catenin pathway.METHODS: First, we used flow cytometry and fluorescence to detect TSC apoptosis. Protein expression of the apoptosis-related caspase-3 pathway was investigated via western blot analysis. Next, we used western blotting to determine the effect of aspirin on the Wnt/â-catenin pathway. We used immunostaining to detect the levels of Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3, and P-â-catenin in the Achilles tendon. Finally, we used flow cytometry, fluorescence, and western blotting to investigate the aspirin-induced apoptosis of TSCs via the Wnt/â-catenin pathway.RESULTS: Aspirin induced morphological apoptosis in rat TSCs via the mitochondrial/caspase-3 pathway and induced cellular apoptosis in the Achilles tendon. Apoptosis was partly reversed after adding the Wnt signaling activator Wnt3a and lithium chloride (LiCl, a GSK-3â inhibitor). Aspirin administration led to a dose-dependent increase in COX-2 expression. Apoptosis was promoted after adding the COX-2 inhibitor NS398.CONCLUSION: The Wnt/â-catenin pathway plays a vital role in aspirin-induced apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial/caspase-3 function. Elevating COX-2 levels may protect cells against apoptosis. More importantly, the results remind us to consider the apoptotic effect of aspirin on TSCs and tendon cells when aspirin is administered to treat tendinopathy. The relationship between the positive and negative effects of aspirin remains a subject for future study.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Aspirin', 'Caspase 3', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Nitrobenzenes', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stem Cells', 'Sulfonamides', 'Tendons', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway', 'Wnt3A Protein', 'beta Catenin']
| 30,415,260
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['G05.308'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565', 'D02.640.529'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.872'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['A02.880'], ['G02.111.820.925', 'G04.835.925'], ['D12.776.467.984.350', 'D23.529.984.350'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term survival of dialysis patients with bacterial endocarditis in the United States.
|
BACKGROUND: The incidence of bacterial endocarditis is much greater in long-term dialysis patients compared with the general population, and chronic kidney disease has been postulated as an independent host-related risk factor. Limited data are available on the long-term survival of dialysis patients with endocarditis.METHODS: Dialysis patients hospitalized for bacterial endocarditis between 1977 and 2000 were studied retrospectively using data from the US Renal Data System database. Long-term survival was estimated by means of the life-table method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the impact of demographic characteristics and comorbidity on outcome.RESULTS: A total of 13,130 dialysis patients with bacterial endocarditis were identified. The in-hospital mortality rate for the entire cohort was 23.5%. Survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were 45.9%, 33.3%, 24.3%, and 14.7% for patients hospitalized between 1977 and 1991 and 41.0%, 29.1%, 20.6%, and 10.9% for those hospitalized between 1992 and 1996, respectively. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 38.4%, 25.3%, and 18.3% for patients hospitalized between 1997 and 2000, respectively. The most powerful independent predictors of all-cause death were age, diabetes as cause of end-stage renal disease, and cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack as a comorbid condition.CONCLUSION: Dialysis patients with bacterial endocarditis have poor long-term survival, even in the current treatment era, with survival rates changing little in the past 2 decades. Additional studies are needed to identify risk-reduction measures and develop additional treatment strategies for dialysis patients with endocarditis.
|
['Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Time', 'United States']
| 15,558,529
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The characteristics and surgical outcomes of medial rectus recessions in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of medial rectus (MR) recessions in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical records of 32 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who underwent MR recessions with adjustable sutures for restrictive esotropia were reviewed. The clinical characteristics of patients, the size of the esodeviations, the limitations of ductions, the surgical doses, and observed responses to surgery were recorded and analyzed. Main outcome measures included the ratio of predicted to observed correction for MR recessions, improvement in ductions, and restoration of binocular status.RESULTS: The mean age of the 32 patients (20 women, 12 men) at surgery was 54.1+/-11.4 years. The mean duration of thyroid eye disease was 4.3+/-5.4 years (range, 1 to 24 years). The ratios of predicted to observed correction for esodeviations at distance and near, respectively, were 2.21+/-1.24 and 2.16+/-1.81 at the time of adjustment and 1.61+/-0.37 and 1.84+/-0.90 at final follow-up. The limitation of abduction improved from -2.3+/-1.3 to -0.75 +/-0.98. Binocular single vision was achieved in 73% of patients, and a further 10% of patients were able to fuse with prisms. A history of decompression was present in 75% of cases. Patients with a history of decompression had more restriction in abduction (-2.49 vs -1.78, P =.061), more frequently required bilateral surgery (75% vs 62.5%), and had a higher ratio of predicted to observed correction (1.71 -0.37 vs 1.37+/-0.28, P = .043).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who undergo MR recession for restrictive esotropia are prone to undercorrection. A history of decompression is associated with a less favorable clinical outcome. Augmented surgery, adjustable sutures, or both are recommended for improved surgical outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Esotropia', 'Female', 'Graves Ophthalmopathy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures', 'Suture Techniques', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,410,960
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.292.562.887.300', 'C11.590.810.400'], ['C11.270.240', 'C11.675.349.500.500', 'C16.320.347', 'C19.874.283.605.500', 'C19.874.397.370.500', 'C20.111.555.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['E04.540'], ['E04.987.775'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factors associated with recurrent bacterial vaginosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether menstrual abnormalities, multiple personal behaviors and some contraceptive methods, all of which have been described as potential causes of single episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV), are associated with recurrent bacterial vaginosis (RBV).STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, case-controlled study performed in an urban setting. Women with RBV and matched controls were mailed a survey that included multiple questions about potential risk factors for BV. Four-to-one matching of age groups was performed, with 28 RBV cases matched to 112 controls.RESULTS: Among multiple possible predisposing factors, only African American ethnicity (p < 0.001) and > 1 male sex partner in the previous 2 years (p = 0.007) were strongly associated with RBV. Abnormal uterine bleeding, frequent intercourse without a condom or withdrawal, anal intercourse, menstrual hygiene product use, tub baths, back-to-front wiping after using the toilet, smoking, choice of contraceptive method (including condoms, the combination oral contraceptive, injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate or an intrauterine device) and douching were not associated with RBV.CONCLUSION: Providers should counsel women with RBV to minimize their number of male sex partners. There are few data to support the recommendation of other behavioral changes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Contraception', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Urban Population', 'Vaginosis, Bacterial', 'Young Adult']
| 20,337,209
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E02.875.194'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['F01.145.488'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['N01.600.900'], ['C01.150.252.954', 'C13.351.500.894.906.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Preference for an estrous female over a non-estrous female evinced by female rats requires dihydrotestosterone plus estradiol.
|
The effects were studied of long-term treatment with testosterone metabolites (dihydrotestosterone. DHT, and estradiol, E2, in sc Silastic implants) on preference behavior of ovariectomized female rats for an estrous female over a non-estrous female. For measuring this behavior a residential plus-maze was used which harbored two ovariectomized "stimulus" females on the top of peripheral boxes, one of which was made estrus by injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone. When both steroids (DHT plus E2) were circulating simultaneously they evoked preference for an estrous female, while neither steroid by itself sufficed. In earlier work with adult male rats castrated on the day of birth, E2 was effective in the absence of DHT. This sex difference, therefore, seems to have arisen before birth. Further, administration of DHT alone caused a profound lack of interest in both "stimulus" females, which cannot be fully explained by the reduced locomotor activity which has been found to be induced by DHT in earlier studies.
|
['Animals', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Drug Synergism', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Ovariectomy', 'Progesterone', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 2,606,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and characterization of a smooth muscle myosin phosphatase from turkey gizzards.
|
A phosphoprotein phosphatase that dephosphorylates smooth muscle myosin has been purified to apparent homogeneity from turkey gizzards. Smooth muscle phosphatase (SMP) IV has a molecular weight of 150,000 as determined by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column and is composed of two subunits (Mr = 58,000 and 40,000). Although it is active toward a number of proteins, its activities toward the contractile proteins, intact myosin, heavy meromyosin, and isolated myosin light chains are higher than its activities toward phosphorylase alpha, histone IIA, and phosphorylase kinase. SMP-IV preferentially dephosphorylates the beta-subunit of phosphorylase kinase. The properties of the enzyme have been studied using heavy meromyosin, a soluble chymotryptic fragment of myosin, and isolated myosin light chains as substrates. SMP-IV has high affinity for both substrates and is optimally active at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, activate the dephosphorylation of heavy meromyosin but inhibit the activity toward myosin light chains. Low concentrations of ATP (1-5 mM) activate SMP-IV but concentrations higher than 5 mM are inhibitory. Inhibition of 50% of the activity of the enzyme by NaF and PPi requires concentrations higher than 10 mM. Rabbit skeletal muscle heat stable inhibitor-2 has no effect on the activity of SMP-IV toward heavy meromyosin, myosin light chains, and phosphorylase alpha.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Gizzard, Avian', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Turkeys']
| 2,995,373
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A13.853.355'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.475'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['G02.111.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.800', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Smart pH-responsive polymeric micelles for programmed oral delivery of insulin.
|
The development of intelligent oral drug delivery carrier aiming at efficiently bring insulin to intestine is of great significance for diabetes mellitus therapy. In the present study, a series of amphiphilic pH-sensitive block copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylicacid)-b-poly(2-amino ethyl methacrylate) [P(MMA-co-MAA)-b-PAEMA] was synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) and further self-assembled into pH-responsive cationic polymeric micelles (PCPMs) for oral insulin delivery. The structure and molecular weight were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), Fourier transforming infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of these copolymers were measured by fluorescent probe method at pH 1.2 (8-15 ìg/mL) and pH 7.4 (22-42 ìg/mL), respectively, demonstrating high stability at acidic environment. A decrease in the particle size of PCPMs was associated with an increased pH at beginning, which reached around 200 nm at neutral pH, while the particle size increased obviously with pH increase, indicating the pH-sensitivity of PCPMs. The insulin was entrapped into the core of PCPMs (Ins-loaded PCPMs) with high loading efficiency via diafiltration method. The in vitro experiments show Ins-loaded PCPMs have low toxicity and exhibit pH-triggered release profile with remitted initial burst release. The results indicate that the PCPMs self-assembled from P(MMA-co-MAA)-b-PAEMA may be potential carriers for efficient oral delivery of insulin with controlled release property.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Micelles', 'Molecular Structure', 'Particle Size', 'Polymers', 'Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 31,445,358
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['G04.346'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.196.867.519.775'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
mTOR direct crosstalk with STAT5 promotes de novo lipid synthesis and induces hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be the last step of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evolution, and the main characteristic of NAFLD is alteration in lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms of abnormal lipid metabolism in NAFLD and HCC progression are yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that liver-specific activation of mTORC1 promoted the expression of lipid synthesis genes and lead to the development of spontaneous HCC. Genetic mouse models developed spontaneous HCC along with increased expressions of SREBP1, ACC1 and FASN. In addition, high levels of p-STAT5 were observed in the livers and particularly evident in the tumor area. And the synthesis of p-STAT5 was increased in patients along with the increase in SREBP1 synthesis in clinical samples. Moreover, mTORC1 interacts with and phosphorylates the STAT5 in hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data suggested that mTORC1 upregulates SREBP1 transcription via crosstalk with the STAT5 pathway which contributes to the NAFLD-related HCC pathogenesis. And the inhibitor of SREBP1 and mTOR may help to prevent HCC in clinical NAFLD patients.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1', 'Mice', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'STAT5 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 31,409,773
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D08.811.277.352.897.387.100', 'D08.811.520.241.300.287.099', 'D08.811.641.758', 'D08.811.682.047.820.196.500.099', 'D08.811.913.050.134.029.500.100', 'D08.811.913.050.170.500.100'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['D05.500.337', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931.500', 'D12.776.476.925.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.500', 'D12.776.930.840.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750.500', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750.500', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750.500', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Health examination of asylum seekers: A nationwide analysis of state policies in Germany : § 62 of the asylum law].
|
BACKGROUND: A health examination of newly arrived asylum seekers, aimed at detecting infectious diseases and preventing disease outbreaks in accommodation facilities, is mandated by national law in all German states. Due to the decentralized German federal system, different state policies are in place and lead to substantial variation in the content and implementation of the health examination.OBJECTIVES: To compare health examination policies in the 16 German states with a focus on conducted tests, preventive measures and the general procedure.METHODS: A comparative content analysis of policy documents addressing the health examination was conducted. Relevant documents were identified through a nationwide search (conducted June-October 2015) through public sources, inquiries at responsible authorities and interviews with representatives of public health services.RESULTS: In the study period, relevant policy documents for 13 states were identified, of which eight were administrative decrees of the responsible state ministries. Policies differed strongly with respect to the content of the health examination and the selection of compulsory screening measures. We identified three main groups: (A) states with compulsory screening limited to measures enshrined in federal law, (B) states with extended tuberculosis screening for children and pregnant women, and (C) states with extended mandatory screening measures for further infectious diseases beyond tuberculosis. Considerable differences were also found with regard to the implementation of the examinations, and the purchasing and re-imbursement policies.CONCLUSIONS: The stark heterogeneity in health examination policies between the states cannot be rationally explained from a public health perspective. The indication for certain measures remains unclear. A broad discussion of the medical necessity of screening tests, combined with further systematic analyses, is necessary in order to develop nationwide evidence-based recommendations and decision-making tools for the conduct of health examinations of asylum seekers.
|
['Emigration and Immigration', 'Germany', 'Government Regulation', 'Health Policy', 'Mandatory Testing', 'Refugees', 'State Government']
| 27,885,404
|
[['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['I01.880.604.622.500', 'N03.706.657.500', 'N06.850.780.200.550', 'N06.850.780.500.412'], ['M01.755'], ['I01.409.775', 'N03.540.348.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Medicinal plants popularly used in the Xing? region - a semi-arid location in Northeastern Brazil.
|
The aim of this study was to identify plant species among the diverse flora of the caatinga ecosystem that are used therapeutically. Research was undertaken in the municipalities of Piranhas and Delmiro Gouveia, in the Xing? region (state of Alagoas, NE Brazil). In order to identify the medicinal plants used in this region, semi-structured questionnaires were applied. The species cited were collected and sent to the Xing? Herbarium for taxonomic analysis. The relative importance (RI) of each species cited was calculated to verify their cultural importance. The therapeutic indications attributed to the species were classified under 16 body systems. A total of 187 medicinal species were cited, from 64 families and 128 genera. The main indications for medicinal plant use were against common colds, bronchitis, cardiovascular problems, kidney problems, inflammations in general, and as tranquilizers. Approximately 16% (30 plant species) were versatile in relation to their use, with an Relative Importance value over 1, having been indicated for up to nine body systems. The body systems that stood out the most were: the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system, and infectious diseases. Most cited plant parts used for medicinal purposes were flowers, leaves, and inner stem bark.
|
['Adult', 'Brazil', 'Databases, Factual', 'Desert Climate', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Herbal Medicine', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Middle Aged', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 16,556,305
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['G16.500.275.071.325', 'N06.230.300.100.250.325'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['H01.158.273.118.598.500', 'H01.158.703.060.500', 'H02.628.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E02.190.488', 'I01.076.201.450.654'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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