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Coordinate regulation of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Regulation of the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) was measured in vitro by using membrane preparations from wild-type and mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PSD specific activity was not affected by carbon source, and on all carbon sources, the highest specific activity was observed in cells entering the stationary phase of growth. However, PSD activity was found to be regulated in response to soluble precursors of phospholipid biosynthesis. PSD specific activity was reduced to about 63% of the level observed in unsupplemented wild-type cells when the cells were grown in the presence of 75 microM inositol. The presence of 1 mM choline alone had no repressing effect, but the presence of 1 mM choline and 75 microM inositol together led to further repression to a level of about 28% of the derepressed activity. Regulatory mutations known to affect regulation or expression of genes encoding phospholipid-synthesizing enzymes also affected PSD specific activity. opi1 mutants, which are constitutive for a number of phospholipid-biosynthetic enzymes, were found to have high, constitutive levels of PSD. Likewise, in ino2 or ino4 regulatory mutants, PSD activity was found to be at the fully repressed level regardless of growth condition. Regulation of PSD activity was also affected in several structural-gene mutants under conditions of impaired phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Together, these data strongly suggest that PSD expression is controlled by the mechanism of general control of phospholipid biosynthesis that regulates many enzymes of phospholipid biosynthesis.
|
['Carboxy-Lyases', 'Choline', 'Ethanolamine', 'Ethanolamines', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Glucose', 'Inositol', 'Kinetics', 'Mitochondria', 'Mutation', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 1,917,869
|
[['D08.811.520.224.125'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['D02.033.100.291.375', 'D02.033.375.291.375', 'D02.092.063.291.375'], ['D02.033.100.291', 'D02.033.375.291', 'D02.092.063.291'], ['G05.308.330'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.033.800.519', 'D09.853.519'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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|
Patient-reported outcomes in the single-tablet regimen (STaR) trial of rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in antiretroviral treatment-naive adults infected with HIV-1 through 48 weeks of treatment.
|
This 96-week, randomized, open-label study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of two single-tablet regimens in treatment na?ve HIV-1-infected adults: rilpivirine (RPV) + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) and efavirenz (EFV) + FTC/TDF. Assessments included patient-reported Medication Adherence Self-Report Inventory, SF-12v2 Quality of Life assessment, HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, and HIV Symptom Index Questionnaire through Week 48. Additional evaluations included study drug discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). A total of 786 participants (n=394 RPV/FTC/TDF, n=392 EFV/FTC/TDF) were included. Fewer RPV/FTC/TDF-treated than EFV/FTC/TDF-treated participants discontinued study drug due to TEAEs (2.5% vs. 8.7%), with 41% (14/34) TEAE-related discontinuations in the EFV/FTC/TDF group occurring within the first four weeks of treatment. Treatment adherence and satisfaction remained high through Week 48 and quality of life improved from baseline in both groups. There were no significant between-group differences in virologic success (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) regardless of adherence (<95% or ?95%). Significant between-group differences favouring RPV/FTC/TDF were observed for the HIV SIQ symptoms of difficulty falling or staying asleep (p = .022) and diarrhea or loose bowel movements (p = .002). In conclusion, 48-week treatment with RPV/FTC/TDF or EFV/FTC/TDF was associated with high adherence, high treatment satisfaction, and improved quality of life. TEAE-related discontinuations and patient-reported symptoms indicate that RPV/FTC/TDF may be somewhat better tolerated than EFV/FTC/TDF.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination', 'Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, Tenofovir Drug Combination', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Outcome Assessment', 'Quality of Life', 'RNA, Viral', 'Self Report', 'Tablets', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 26,489,045
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['C25.100'], ['D02.705.429.906.125', 'D03.383.533.375', 'D03.383.742.680.245.500.600.125', 'D03.633.100.759.138.881.125', 'D26.310.375'], ['D02.626.809.500', 'D02.705.429.906.500', 'D03.383.742.680.245.500.600.500', 'D03.383.742.755.500', 'D03.633.100.759.138.881.500', 'D26.310.407'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.559.590.399', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Leading top-down implementation processes: a qualitative study on the role of managers.
|
BACKGROUND: Leadership has been identified as an influential factor in implementation processes in healthcare organizations. However, the processes through which leaders affect implementation outcomes are largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyse how managers interpret and make sense of a large scale top-down implementation initiative and what implications this has for the implementation process. This was studied at the implementation of an academic primary healthcare initiative covering 210 primary healthcare centres in central Sweden. The aim of the initiative was to integrate research and education into regular primary healthcare services.METHODS: The study builds on 16 in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with all managers (n = 8) who had operative responsibility for the implementation. Each manager was interviewed twice during the initial phase of the implementation. Data were analysed using a thematic approach guided by theory on managerial role taking based on the Transforming Experience Framework.RESULTS: How the managers interpreted and made sense of the implementation task built on three factors: how they perceived the different parts of the initiative, how they perceived themselves in relation to these parts, and the resources available for the initiative. Based on how they combined these three factors the managers chose to integrate or separate the different parts of the initiative in their management of the implementation process.CONCLUSIONS: This research emphasizes that managers in healthcare seem to have a substantial impact on how and to what extent different tasks are addressed and prioritized in top-down implementation processes. This has policy implications. To achieve intended implementation outcomes, the authors recognize the necessity of an early and on-going dialogue about how the implementation is perceived by the managers responsible for the implementation.
|
['Educational Status', 'Empirical Research', 'Female', 'Health Facility Administrators', 'Health Resources', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Leadership', 'Male', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Primary Health Care', 'Qualitative Research', 'Sweden']
| 30,021,569
|
[['N01.824.196'], ['H01.770.644.241'], ['M01.526.070.490', 'M01.526.485.430', 'N02.360.430'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F01.752.609'], ['N04.452.610'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Risk/benefit assessment in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug interactions].
|
INTRODUCTION: Anticholinergic drugs reduce the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) and are inappropriate in elderly patients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of prescription AChEI drugs and anticholinergics in a Healthcare Area, to identify the affected patients, and to inform the attending physicians, in order to evaluate the suitability of treatments.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study of prevalence. Patients on treatment with AChEI and any anticholinergic drug in the first quarter of 2015 were selected. The review of Duran et al. was used as reference to identify anticholinergics, assigning a score to each drug according to its anticholinergic potency. Physicians were provided with a report about the interaction, the list of affected patients, and recommendations.RESULTS: A total of 486 patients were included in the study, representing 59.0% of total patients with Alzheimer's disease in the Area. There were 66.0% women, and 86.8% of the patients were older than 75 years, and with a mean of 9.2 drugs per patient. The mean number of anticholinergic drugs was 1.6, and 38.3% of patients were prescribed various anticholinergic drugs, with 23.9% on high potency anticholinergic drugs. A statistically significant association was found between taking an anticholinergic and AChEI concomitantly (P=.000; OR: 3.9).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of interactions between AChEI and anticholinergic drugs is relevant, considering that it affects vulnerable members of the population. Providing physicians with information about the interaction could help them make clinical decisions, and could improve patient safety, as well as health outcomes.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cholinergic Antagonists', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 26,775,172
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Pocketome via comprehensive identification and classification of ligand binding envelopes.
|
We developed a new computational algorithm for the accurate identification of ligand binding envelopes rather than surface binding sites. We performed a large scale classification of the identified envelopes according to their shape and physicochemical properties. The predicting algorithm, called PocketFinder, uses a transformation of the Lennard-Jones potential calculated from a three-dimensional protein structure and does not require any knowledge about a potential ligand molecule. We validated this algorithm using two systematically collected data sets of ligand binding pockets from complexed (bound) and uncomplexed (apo) structures from the Protein Data Bank, 5616 and 11,510, respectively. As many as 96.8% of experimental binding sites were predicted at better than 50% overlap level. Furthermore 95.0% of the asserted sites from the apo receptors were predicted at the same level. We demonstrate that conformational differences between the apo and bound pockets do not dramatically affect the prediction results. The algorithm can be used to predict ligand binding pockets of uncharacterized protein structures, suggest new allosteric pockets, evaluate feasibility of protein-protein interaction inhibition, and prioritize molecular targets. Finally the data base of the known and predicted binding pockets for the human proteome structures, the human pocketome, was collected and classified. The pocketome can be used for rapid evaluation of possible binding partners of a given chemical compound.
|
['Algorithms', 'Binding Sites', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computational Biology', 'Databases, Factual', 'Ligands', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins', 'Sequence Homology', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 15,757,999
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Platelet shape change and subsequent glycoprotein redistribution in human stenosed arteries.
|
Shear stress encountered in stenosed human arteries is able to induce a certain range of platelet activation. In order to determine the extent of platelet shape change induced by high shear rate conditions, we used electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-EM to study platelet ultrastructure from blood flowing in vivo through stenosed arteries. Then it was compared with platelets from healthy controls exposed in vitro to a shear rate of 4000 s(-1). Six patients with stenosed arteries (iliac, femoral and renal) were investigated at the time of transcutaneous angiography. Blood was harvested from the same catheter in the stenosed artery and in the abdominal aortic artery (control sample), each patient being its own control. The percentage of platelets with shape changes (loss of discoid form, pseudopod emission, organelle centralisation) significantly increased in samples from stenosed arteries. Shape change was concomitant with the membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa distribution at the pseudopod extremities. These activated platelets had not completed secretion and were maintained in a reversible activation state. Similar results were obtained on platelets from healthy donors submitted in vitro to a high shear rate. In conclusion, this study shows that the high shear rate encountered in human stenosed arteries is able to induce shape change and reversible activation of platelets in vivo.
|
['Aged', 'Arteries', 'Blood Platelets', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Shape', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Platelet Activation', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Protein Transport', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 15,763,891
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.320'], ['C23.300.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['D12.776.395.550.625', 'D12.776.543.550.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evidence for a ligation step in the DNA replication of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice.
|
Newly replicated DNA of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice was pulse-labeled with 32PO4 during the time of maximal viral DNA replication in highly synchronized A9 cells. The subsequent processing of viral DNA-protein complexes was monitored during a chase period with no label. Several distinct classes of duplex replicative-form and progeny single-stranded DNA molecules were characterized and found to accumulate at different times during infection. Analysis of the terminal structures associated with these various forms provided new insights into the mechanism by which viral DNA replicates and, in particular, suggested that interstrand ligation occurs during this process.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Ligases', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Viral', 'Mice', 'Minute Virus of Mice', 'Parvoviridae', 'Polynucleotide Ligases', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 2,911,112
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.074.500', 'D08.811.464.754.600'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B04.280.580.650.600.550'], ['B04.280.580'], ['D08.811.464.754'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Testicular damage induced by megadoses of pyridoxine.
|
Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 1,000 mg/kg, daily, was intraperitoneally injected into Wistar male rats and its effects on weights and mature spermatid or sperm counts in the testis and the epididymis were investigated. After six weeks administration, weights of the testis and the epididymis in the 500 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg groups dramatically decreased and weights of the epididymis in the 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg groups also decreased significantly. Mature spermatid counts in the testis and sperm counts in the epididymis decreased in the 500 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg groups, and sperm counts in the tail plus body of the epididymis also decreased in the 250 mg/kg group. From these results, it was elucidated that megadoses of pyridoxine induced testicular damage in rats.
|
['Animals', 'Atrophy', 'Epididymis', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Pyridoxine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sperm Count', 'Sperm Maturation', 'Spermatids', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Testicular Diseases', 'Testis']
| 2,609,042
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D03.383.725.676.925.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870'], ['G04.152.650.624.700', 'G08.686.784.310.760.700'], ['A05.360.490.890.860', 'A11.497.760.600'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['C12.294.829', 'C19.391.829'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dorzolamide increases retinal oxygen tension after branch retinal vein occlusion.
|
PURPOSE: To study the effect of dorzolamide on the preretinal oxygen tension (RPO(2)) in retinal areas affected by experimental branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in pigs.METHODS: Experimental BRVO was induced by diathermy close to the optic disc. RPO(2) was measured with an oxygen-sensitive electrode 0.5 mm above the BRVO-affected area, which was compared to the retinal areas not affected by BRVO. In one group of five pigs, RPO(2) was measured at baseline, 1 and 3 hours after BRVO, and after intravenous injection of 500 mg dorzolamide. In a second group of five pigs, RPO(2) was measured 1 week after the BRVO, both before and after intravenous injection of 500 mg dorzolamide.RESULTS: The average baseline RPO(2) was 2.64 +/- 0.09 kPa (mean +/- SD). In the BRVO-affected areas, RPO(2) decreased significantly (by 0.67 +/- 0.29 and 0.94 +/- 0.13 kPa) at 1 hour and 3 hours after BRVO induction. In the non-BRVO areas RPO(2) increased significantly (by 0.51 +/- 0.14 kPa) 1 hour after BRVO induction, but subsequently decreased and reached baseline 3 hours after BRVO induction. One week after BRVO induction, RPO(2) was 0.67 +/- 0.29 kPa lower in affected areas when compared with the non-BRVO areas. In the BRVO-affected areas, dorzolamide increased RPO(2) significantly (by 0.36 +/- 0.21 kPa at 3 to 4 hours and by 0.67 +/- 0.40 kPa) 1 week after BRVO induction.CONCLUSIONS: Retinal hypoxia induced by experimental BRVO remained significant 1 week after BRVO. Dorzolamide increased retinal oxygen tension in the BRVO-affected areas both at 4 hours and 1 week after experimental BRVO in pigs.
|
['Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Hypoxia', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Ion-Selective Electrodes', 'Ischemia', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Partial Pressure', 'Retina', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Sulfonamides', 'Swine', 'Thiophenes']
| 18,326,741
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['E07.305.250.471'], ['C23.550.513'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['G01.374.715.714'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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|
SHP2 is a target of the immunosuppressant tautomycetin.
|
SHP2 phosphatase is a positive transducer of growth factor and cytokine signaling. SHP2 is also a bona fide oncogene; gain-of-function SHP2 mutations leading to increased phosphatase activity cause Noonan syndrome, as well as multiple forms of leukemia and solid tumors. We report that tautomycetin (TTN), an immunosuppressor in organ transplantation, and its engineered analog TTN D-1 are potent SHP2 inhibitors. TTN and TTN D-1 block T cell receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation and gain-of-function mutant SHP2-induced hematopoietic progenitor hyperproliferation and monocytic differentiation. Crystal structure of the SHP2?TTN D-1 complex reveals that TTN D-1 occupies the SHP2 active site in a manner similar to that of a peptide substrate. Collectively, the data support the notion that SHP2 is a cellular target for TTN and provide a potential mechanism for the immunosuppressive activity of TTN. Moreover, the structure furnishes molecular insights upon which therapeutics targeting SHP2 can be developed on the basis of the TTN scaffold.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Furans', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Lipids', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monocytes', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11', 'Pyrans', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spiro Compounds', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Tyrosine']
| 21,276,943
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D03.383.312'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D10'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.800', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.800', 'D12.644.360.585.800', 'D12.776.476.564.800', 'D12.776.476.800.800'], ['D03.383.663'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.426.779', 'D04.711'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sodium and water homeostasis in children with shigellosis.
|
UNLABELLED: Studies in Bangladesh have shown that the mortality in shigellosis is significantly higher in hyponatraemic (HN) than in normo- (NN) or hypernatraemic children. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of shigellosis on renal haemodynamics and sodium and water homeostasis before treatment was started. Twenty-one moderately ill children infected with Shigella dysenteriae type I were studied. Eight of them had a serum sodium concentration below 130 mmol/L. Renal function was determined by glomerular filtration rate measured by clearances of inulin and iohexol. Effective renal plasma flow was estimated by clearance of para-aminohippuric acid. Plasma renin, aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone were also studied. The HN children had significantly higher haemoglobin and haematocrit levels than the NN group. There was an inverse correlation between serum sodium and haemoglobin, and a direct correlation between serum sodium and urinary sodium and urinary chloride. Direct correlations were found between serum aldosterone and haemoglobin, plasma renin and systolic blood pressure and an inverse correlation between serum aldosterone and serum sodium. Clearances of inulin and iohexol were normal. Detectable levels of ADH were found in both groups, despite low serum osmolalities.CONCLUSION: The HN state seems to be triggered by multiple factors. The normal glomerular filtration rate excludes a volume expansion secondary to reduced renal function. Inappropriate or a physiological increase of anti-diuretic hormone secretion may be of importance. The higher sodium losses in stools of the HN children might also be a factor contributing to the HN.
|
['Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dysentery, Bacillary', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Shigella dysenteriae', 'Sodium', 'Water-Electrolyte Imbalance']
| 11,853,332
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.229', 'C06.405.205.331.479', 'C06.405.469.300.479'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B03.440.450.425.850.350', 'B03.660.250.150.730.125'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['C18.452.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Interrogation of living cells using alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM).
|
In this paper we present the application of alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) to the study of living cells. Commercial AFM instrumentation was modified to allow for performing robust AC-SECM measurements. Constant height AC imaging of the Cos-7 cells, performed directly in cell culture medium without the addition of a redox mediator, provided topographical information of the cell. Stationary tip measurements on the AC current were carried out to investigate the cellular activity of a single cell. The dependence of AC current magnitude on tip-to-sample separation distance was used to monitor real time changes in cell height of individual Cos-7 cells. Furthermore, AC-SECM was employed to observe changes in metabolic cellular activity stimulated by ethanol and phorbol-1,2-myristate-acetate-3. The effect of changing cellular activity on constant height AC-SECM imaging was also studied.
|
['Animals', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'COS Cells', 'Cell Physiological Phenomena', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Electrochemistry', 'Ethanol', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 18,004,408
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.601.043'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['G04'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of a human DNA damage binding protein implicated in xeroderma pigmentosum E.
|
A human DNA damage binding protein implicated in the DNA excision repair disorder xeroderma pigmentosum E was purified to near homogeneity from HeLa cells. The protein is abundant (approximately 10(5) copies/cell) and has a native molecular weight of 154,000-163,000 as estimated by gel filtration and glycerol gradient sedimentation. DNA damage binding activity copurified with polypeptides of 124 and 41 kDa. Based on the native molecular weight, cosedimentation of both polypeptides with DNA damage binding activity on glycerol gradients, and a molar ratio of approximately 1:1 for the two polypeptides, it appears that p124 and p41 are subunits of a heterodimeric protein. Binding to damaged DNA was resistant to K+ concentrations approaching 1 M, but showed anion-specific sensitivity to Cl- concentrations above 0.5 M, suggesting that the majority of the binding energy is contributed by nonionic interactions. In contrast to previous reports, the DNA damage binding protein was shown to recognize cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in addition to a nonphotoreactivable lesion(s), most likely the pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct.
|
['Chromatography, Gel', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Xeroderma Pigmentosum']
| 8,407,967
|
[['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['G05.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['C04.834.867', 'C16.131.831.936', 'C16.320.850.970', 'C17.800.600.925', 'C17.800.621.936', 'C17.800.804.936', 'C17.800.827.970', 'C18.452.284.975']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
C1q/TNF-related protein-9 inhibits cytokine-induced vascular inflammation and leukocyte adhesiveness via AMP-activated protein kinase activation in endothelial cells.
|
Although recent studies have reported cardioprotective effects of C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9), the closet adiponectin paralog, its role on cytokine-induced endothelial inflammation is unknown. We investigated whether CTRP9 prevented inflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-êB) activation and inhibited the expression of adhesion molecules and a chemokine in the vascular endothelial cell. We used human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to examine the effects of CTRP9 on NF-êB activation and the expression of NF-êB-mediated genes, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFá) was used as a representative proinflammatory cytokine. In an adhesion assay using THP-1 cells, CTRP9 reduced TNFá-induced adhesion of monocytes to HAECs. Treatment with CTRP9 significantly decreased TNFá-induced activation of NF-êB, as well as the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. In addition, treatment with CTRP9 significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the downstream target of AMPK. The inhibitory effect of CTRP9 on the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1 and monocyte adhesion to HAECs was abolished after transfection with an AMPKá1-specific siRNA. Our study is the first to demonstrate that CTRP9 attenuates cytokine-induced vascular inflammation in endothelial cells mediated by AMPK activation.
|
['AMP-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Adiponectin', 'Aorta', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Cytokines', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'NF-kappa B', 'Phosphorylation', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 26,523,509
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.085', 'D12.644.360.062', 'D12.776.476.062'], ['D06.472.699.042.249', 'D12.644.276.024.249', 'D12.644.548.011.249', 'D12.776.467.024.249', 'D23.529.024.249'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G05.308'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.024.500', 'D12.776.157.057.500', 'D12.776.476.024.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Streptococcus induces circulating CLA(+) memory T-cell-dependent epidermal cell activation in psoriasis.
|
Streptococcal throat infection is associated with a specific variant of psoriasis and with HLA-Cw6 expression. In this study, activation of circulating psoriatic cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)(+) memory T cells cultured together with epidermal cells occurred only when streptococcal throat extracts were added. This triggered the production of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cytokines, as well as epidermal cell mediators (CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11). Streptococcal extracts (SEs) did not induce any activation with either CLA(-) cells or memory T cells cultured together with epidermal cells from healthy subjects. Intradermal injection of activated culture supernatants into mouse skin induced epidermal hyperplasia. SEs also induced activation when we used epidermal cells from nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients with CLA(+) memory T cells. Significant correlations were found between SE induced upregulation of mRNA expression for ifn-ã, il-17, il-22, ip-10, and serum level of antistreptolysin O in psoriatic patients. This study demonstrates the direct involvement of streptococcal infection in pathological mechanisms of psoriasis, such as IL-17 production and epidermal cell activation.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Antistreptolysin', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CXCL10', 'Culture Media', 'Epidermal Cells', 'Epidermis', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-17', 'Interleukin-8', 'Interleukins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Pharyngitis', 'Psoriasis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 23,190,888
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107.288', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125.288', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125.288'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.500', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.500', 'D23.125.300.120.500', 'D23.469.200.120.500', 'D23.529.374.200.120.500'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A11.409'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.517', 'D12.776.467.374.465.517', 'D23.529.374.465.517'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C01.748.561', 'C07.550.781', 'C08.730.561', 'C09.775.649'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple dimensions of health locus of control in a representative population sample: ordinal factor analysis and cross-validation of an existing three and a new four factor model.
|
BACKGROUND: Based on the general approach of locus of control, health locus of control (HLOC) concerns control-beliefs due to illness, sickness and health. HLOC research results provide an improved understanding of health related behaviour and patients' compliance in medical care. HLOC research distinguishes between beliefs due to Internality, Externality powerful Others (POs) and Externality Chance. However, evidences for differentiating the POs dimension were found. Previous factor analyses used selected and predominantly clinical samples, while non-clinical studies are rare. The present study is the first analysis of the HLOC structure based on a large representative general population sample providing important information for non-clinical research and public health care.METHODS: The standardised German questionnaire which assesses HLOC was used in a representative adult general population sample for a region in Northern Germany (N = 4,075). Data analyses used ordinal factor analyses in LISREL and Mplus. Alternative theory-driven models with one to four latent variables were compared using confirmatory factor analysis. Fit indices, chi-square difference tests, residuals and factor loadings were considered for model comparison. Exploratory factor analysis was used for further model development. Results were cross-validated splitting the total sample randomly and using the cross-validation index.RESULTS: A model with four latent variables (Internality, Formal Help, Informal Help and Chance) best represented the HLOC construct (three-dimensional model: normed chi-square = 9.55; RMSEA = 0.066; CFI = 0.931; SRMR = 0.075; four-dimensional model: normed chi-square = 8.65; RMSEA = 0.062; CFI = 0.940; SRMR = 0.071; chi-square difference test: p < 0.001). After excluding one item, the superiority of the four- over the three-dimensional HLOC construct became very obvious (three-dimensional model: normed chi-square = 7.74; RMSEA = 0.059; CFI = 0.950; SRMR = 0.079; four-dimensional model: normed chi-square = 5.75; RMSEA = 0.049; CFI = 0.965; SRMR = 0.065; chi-square difference test: p < 0.001). Results were confirmed by cross-validation. Results based on our large community sample indicated that western general populations separate health-related control-beliefs concerning formal and informal assistance.CONCLUSIONS: Future non-clinical HLOC studies in western cultures should consider four dimensions of HLOC: Internality, Formal Help, Informal Help and Chance. However, the standardised German instrument needs modification. Therefore, confirmation of our results may be useful. Future research should compare HLOC structure between clinical and non-clinical samples as well as cross-culturally.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Psychological', 'Smoking', 'Young Adult']
| 21,838,862
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.145.805'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Scoring of radiation-induced micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes by automated image analysis.
|
The micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes is, at present, frequently used to assess chromosomal damage caused by ionizing radiation or mutagens. Manual scoring of micronuclei (MN) by trained personnel is very time-consuming, tiring work, and the results depend on subjective interpretation of scoring criteria. More objective scoring can be accomplished only if the test can be automated. Furthermore, an automated system allows scoring of large numbers of cells, thereby increasing the statistical significance of the results. This is of special importance for screening programs for low doses of chromosome-damaging agents. In this paper, the first results of our effort to automate the micronucleus assay with an image-analysis system are represented. The method we used is described in detail, and the results are compared to those of other groups. Our system is able to detect 88% of the binucleated lymphocytes on the slides. The procedure consists of a fully automated localization of binucleated cells and counting of the MN within these cells, followed by a simple and fast manual operation in which the false positives are removed. Preliminary measurements for blood samples irradiated with a dose of 1 Gy X-rays indicate that the automated system can find 89% +/- 12% of the micronuclei within the binucleated cells compared to a manual screening.
|
['Algorithms', 'Automation', 'Cell Division', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymphocytes', 'Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Software Design']
| 7,835,161
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['J01.897.104'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.284.430.106.570', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117.570', 'C23.550.210.570', 'G05.365.590.175.570'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['L01.224.900.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasms in the rat: the effect of constipation].
|
The authors studied the role of slow bowel transit in the development of colonic neoplasias in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats, weighing 400 g, were used in the experiment and were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The first and the second group were given, weekly, subcutaneous injections of DMH at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 25 and 27 weeks respectively; in these groups constipation was obtained by reducing water intake throughout the period of the experiment. The third and the fourth group (control groups) received DMH at the dose of 25 mg/kg for 25 and 27 weeks respectively and water "ad libitum". The rats were weighed once a week and stool output, weight, and number of scybala/day were recorded once every four weeks. Rats were sacrificed one week after the final injection of DMH and every intestinal lesion macroscopically identified was histologically examined. All rats showed weight loss from the 22nd week to the sacrifice. The mean stool weight/day was 21.2 g +/- 1.47 in the groups A and B; while for the groups C and D it was 23.6 g +/- 1.81 (p = 0.019). The number of scybala/day was 26 +/- 3 in the groups A and B, whereas in the groups C and D was 34 +/- 4 (p = 0.05). An increased number of cancers per rat was recorded in the groups A and B compared to control groups, respectively from 0.66 to 1.4 at 25 weeks (p = 0.02) and from 0.9 to 2.44 at 27 weeks (p = 0.07). A corresponding increase in the number of polyps after 25 weeks was demonstrated, taking into account the possible polyp-cancer sequence. Our study suggests that the slow bowel transit induced an increased number of colonic neoplasia in relation to the prolonged contact of the carcinogen with the mucosa or to its greater concentration in the colonic lumen due to the fecal output reduction.
|
['1,2-Dimethylhydrazine', 'Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Colon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Constipation', 'Dimethylhydrazines', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors']
| 1,805,912
|
[['D02.442.600.400.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['D02.442.600.400'], ['E01.370.372.310', 'G10.261.360.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Potential therapeutic roles of tanshinone IIA in human bladder cancer cells.
|
Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA), one of the major lipophilic components isolated from the root of Salviae Miltiorrhizae, has been found to exhibit anticancer activity in various cancer cells. We have demonstrated that Tan-IIA induces apoptosis in several human cancer cells through caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Here we explored the anticancer effect of Tan-IIA in human bladder cancer cell lines. Our results showed that Tan-IIA caused bladder cancer cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Tan-IIA induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway in these bladder cancer cells. Tan-IIA also suppressed the migration of bladder cancer cells as revealed by the wound healing and transwell assays. Finally, combination therapy of Tan-IIA with a lower dose of cisplatin successfully killed bladder cancer cells, suggesting that Tan-IIA can serve as a potential anti-cancer agent in bladder cancer.
|
['Abietanes', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cisplatin', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 25,192,287
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.723.040', 'D02.455.849.291.040', 'D04.615.723.040'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sialidase-based anti-influenza virus therapy protects against secondary pneumococcal infection.
|
BACKGROUND: DAS181 (Fludase) is a sialidase fusion protein in clinical development as a broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus (IFV) therapeutic agent. Previous reports by other investigators have raised the concern that desialylation of airway epithelium might increase susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.METHODS: To address whether DAS181 would lead to an increased risk of pneumococcal infection, we tested S. pneumoniae colonization after DAS181 treatment of human A549 cells, healthy mice, and mice challenged with a lethal dose of IFV A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) or A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), followed by 10(4) cfu of S. pneumoniae (D39) on day 3 or day 7. DAS181 treatment was given 24-48 h after IFV challenge.RESULTS: DAS181 treatment did not increase S. pneumoniae colonization in vitro or in vivo in healthy animals. In IFV-infected mice, DAS181 prevented pneumonia and significantly prolonged survival and inhibited the IFV titer by > or = 3 logs. None of the treated animals showed enhanced S. pneumoniae colonization of the lung. In addition, opportunistic infections with Citrobacter species or Klebsiella species occurred only in mice receiving vehicle, not in animals treated with DAS181.CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that DAS181 treatment does not exacerbate secondary bacterial infection in mice. DAS181 may reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infection by inhibiting IFV.
|
['Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Viral Load']
| 20,170,378
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.300'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pigment epithelium-derived factor/vascular endothelial growth factor ratio plays a crucial role in the spontaneous regression of infant hemangioma and in the therapeutic effect of propranolol.
|
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign tumor that is formed by aberrant angiogenesis and that undergoes spontaneous regression over time. Propranolol, the first-line therapy for IH, inhibits angiogenesis by downregulating activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, which is hyperactivated in IH. However, this treatment is reportedly ineffective for 10% of tumors, and 19% of patients relapse after propranolol treatment. Both pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors regulate angiogenesis, and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is the most effective endogenous anti-angiogenic factor. PEDF/VEGF ratio controls many angiogenic processes, but its role in IH and the relationship between this ratio and propranolol remain unknown. Results of the present study showed that the PEDF/VEGF ratio increased during the involuting phase of IH compared with the proliferating phase. Similarly, in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemEC), which were isolated with magnetic beads, increasing the PEDF/VEGF ratio inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, the VEGF receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) and PEDF receptor (laminin receptor, LR) were highly expressed in both IH tissues and HemEC, and PEDF inhibited HemEC function by binding to LR. Interestingly, we found that propranolol increased the PEDF/VEGF ratio but did so by lowering VEGF expression rather than by upregulating PEDF as expected. Furthermore, the combination of PEDF and propranolol had a more suppressive effect on HemEC. Consequently, our results suggested that the PEDF/VEGF ratio played a pivotal role in the spontaneous regression of IH and that the combination of PEDF and propranolol might be a promising treatment strategy for propranolol-resistant IH.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Eye Proteins', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Propranolol', 'Receptors, Laminin', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Serpins', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 29,664,206
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D12.776.306'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.876'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.100', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.200'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic variation, chronic stress, and the central and peripheral noradrenergic systems.
|
Male rats from two inbred strains genetically selected for variation in response to stress were exposed for 9 consecutive days to 50 min of intermittent foot shock and killed 24 h after the last stress session. Maudsley Nonreactive (MNRA/Har) rats, genetically selected for decreased reactivity to stress, exhibited a significantly greater elevation (114% above control levels) in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the locus ceruleus after chronic stress than Maudsley Reactive (MR/Har) animals (63% above control levels), genetically selected for heightened reactivity to stress. In the peripheral noradrenergic system, chronic stress produced an increase in norepinephrine (NE) content of small intestine and submaxillary gland of MNRA/Har rats, whereas chronic stress had no effect on NE content of these same tissues in MR/Har animals. These results are consistent with the proposition that genetic selection for variation in susceptibility to stress has altered the capacity of the central and peripheral noradrenergic system to adapt to chronic stress.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Electroshock', 'Genetic Variation', 'Hypothalamus', 'Locus Coeruleus', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Mutant Strains', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 6,137,961
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.723.402.403', 'F04.669.224'], ['G05.365'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.473', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.437'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A08.800.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550'], ['G07.775'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aortic dissection and cardiovascular syphilis: report of an observation with transesophageal echocardiography and anatomopathologic findings.
|
We report the case of a man who had thoracic pain and stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography enabled us to diagnose an intramural hematoma and a saccular aneurysm of the thoracic aorta before he died. Autopsy showed lesions compatible with syphilitic aortitis in the aortic wall. Transesophageal echocardiography and anatomopathologic findings are correlated, and the role of syphilis as a causal factor is discussed.
|
['Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Syphilis, Cardiovascular']
| 7,917,353
|
[['C14.907.055.050'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.840.500.875', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500.875', 'C01.190.500', 'C14.260.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
SmithRNAs: Could Mitochondria "Bend" Nuclear Regulation?
|
Typically, animal mitochondria have very compact genomes, with few short intergenic regions, and no introns. Hence, it may seem that there is little space for unknown functions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, mtDNA can also operate through RNA interference, as small non coding RNAs (sncRNAs) produced by mtDNA have already been proposed for humans. We sequenced sncRNA libraries from isolated mitochondria of Ruditapes philippinarum (Mollusca Bivalvia) gonads, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, and identified several putative sncRNAs of mitochondrial origin. Some sncRNAs are transcribed by intergenic regions that form stable stem-hairpin structures, which makes them good miRNA-like candidates. We decided to name them small mitochondrial highly-transcribed RNAs (smithRNAs). Many concurrent data support that we have recovered sncRNAs of mitochondrial origin that might be involved in gonad formation and able to affect nuclear gene expression. This possibility has been never suggested before. If mtDNA can affect nuclear gene expression through RNA interference, this opens a plethora of new possibilities for it to interact with the nucleus, and makes metazoan mtDNA a much more complex genome than previously thought.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Bivalvia', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Mitochondrial', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'Gonads', 'Inheritance Patterns', 'Mitochondria', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Untranslated', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 28,444,389
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.365', 'G05.420.275.500'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['A05.360.576', 'A06.300.312'], ['G05.420'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.790.552'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Single-cell transcriptogenomics reveals transcriptional exclusion of ENU-mutated alleles.
|
Recently, great progress has been made in single cell genomics and transcriptomics. Here, we present an integrative method, termed single-cell transcriptogenomics (SCTG), in which whole exome sequencing and RNA-seq is performed concurrently on single cells. This methodology enables one to track germline and somatic variants directly from the genome to the transcriptome in individual cells. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were treated with the powerful mutagen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and subjected to SCTG. Interestingly, while germline variants were found to be transcribed in an allelically balanced fashion, a significantly different pattern of allelic exclusion was observed for ENU-mutant variants. These results suggest that the adverse effects of induced mutations, in contrast to germline variants, may be mitigated by allelically biased transcription. They also illustrate how SCTG can be instrumental in the direct assessment of phenotypic consequences of genomic variants.
|
['Alkylating Agents', 'Alleles', 'Allelic Imbalance', 'Animals', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Ethylnitrosourea', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 25,733,965
|
[['D27.505.519.124', 'D27.888.569.035'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G05.365.590.029'], ['B01.050'], ['A16.254'], ['D02.065.950.594.310', 'D02.654.692.300'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
What high school students don't know about cardiovascular disease.
|
The purpose of this study was to identify what high school students do not know about the cardiovascular system, its diseases and their prevention. A total of 135 questions were administered to 3,000 students around the country. Student responses were analyzed by general knowledge area, taxonomic levels of knowledge required to answer and response patterns within individual test items. The results are discussed in terms of guidelines for health education.
|
['Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Students', 'United States']
| 6,562,282
|
[['C14'], ['A07'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.848'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Trimethylamine deposition in the egg yolk from laying hens with different FMO3 genotypes.
|
The A/T polymorphism at position nt 1,034 of the chicken FMO3 cDNA sequence is associated with elevated levels of trimethylamine (TMA) in the egg yolk, which is responsible for the fishy egg flavor. This study was aimed to investigate yolk TMA deposition in eggs from different FMO3 genotype (AA, AT, TT) laying hens fed a high level of choline, and the relationship between egg yolk TMA contents and yolk acceptability. A total of 132 genotyped laying hens, 38 wk of age, were assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments: 1) a control group of AA hens fed 370 mg of choline/kg of diet (practical choline level, provided by 500 mg of choline chloride/kg of diet); 2) AA hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet (higher dietary choline level, provided by 4,000 mg of choline chloride/kg of diet); 3) AT hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet; and 4) TT hens were fed 2,960 mg of choline/kg of diet. All layers were fed a 370 mg of choline/kg added diet for a period of 1-wk adaptation followed by a 6-wk trial period. A remarkable increase in yolk TMA concentration of TT hens (P < 0.001) caused by dietary choline addition at 2,960 mg/kg was observed. The relationship between TMA concentration in the egg yolk (ìg/g, y) and deposition time (1~42 d, x) for TT hens is y = 0.0005x(3) - 0.0419x(2) + 1.0924x + 0.4323 (R(2) = 0.9259). The fish-flavor scores of egg yolks rose steadily (R(2) = 0.9324) as the TMA concentration increased, and there was also a corresponding decrease in the acceptance score (R(2) = 0.8276). The eggs were acceptable when the yolk TMA concentrations were less than 4.516 ìg/g of yolk.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'Choline', 'Diet', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Egg Yolk', 'Eggs', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Genotype', 'Methylamines', 'Oviposition', 'Oxygenases']
| 23,436,525
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A16.690.325', 'G07.203.300.470.800', 'J02.500.470.800'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.380'], ['D02.092.668'], ['G08.686.784.480'], ['D08.811.682.690']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Energetics of gating MscS by membrane tension in azolectin liposomes and giant spheroplasts.
|
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are molecular sensors that detect and transduce signals across prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes arising from external mechanical stimuli or osmotic gradients. They play an integral role in mechanosensory responses including touch, hearing, and proprioception by opening or closing in order to facilitate or prevent the flow of ions and organic osmolytes. In this study we use a linear force model of MS channel gating to determine the gating membrane tension (ã) and the gating area change (ÄA) associated with the energetics of MscS channel gating in giant spheroplasts and azolectin liposomes. Analysis of Boltzmann distribution functions describing the dependence of MscS channel gating on membrane tension indicated that the gating area change (ÄA) was the same for MscS channels recorded in both preparations. The comparison of the membrane tension (ã) gating the channel, however, showed a significant difference between the MscS channel activities in these two preparations.
|
['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Ion Channels', 'Liposomes', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Spheroplasts']
| 24,758,942
|
[['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G03.295'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['A11.868', 'B03.110.761', 'B05.110.761']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Topotecan and cisplatin in combination with concurrent twice-daily chemoradiation in limited disease small cell lung cancer-a Danish Oncological Lung Cancer Group (DOLG) phase II trial.
|
INTRODUCTION: The longest survival time reported in randomised trials of limited disease (LD) SCLC has been achieved with early twice-daily concurrent chemoradiation. Topotecan is active in recurrent SCLC and in extensive disease as first line treatment.AIM: To incorporate and assess the effect of topotecan with concurrent twice-daily radiochemotherapy in LD SCLC.PATIENT AND METHODS: Multicentre phase II study of three cycles of regimen A (topotecan i.v., 1.5mg/m(2), day 1-5; cisplatin 50mg/m(2), day 1) and three cycles of regimen B (etoposide i.v., 120mg/m(2), day 1-3; carboplatin, AUC=5, day 1; vincristine, 1.3mg/m(2), day 1) given in the following sequence: A-B-B-A-B-A every 21 days. Twice-daily radiotherapy (1.5Gyx30, 10fr/wk, 45Gy) was delivered concurrently with the first cycle B. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was offered to patients (pts) in complete remission. Eligible were pts with LD SCLC with no prior treatment for SCLC, adequate organ functions, and WHO performance status (PS) < or =2. Pts older than 64 years with PS=2 and LDH>two times the upper limit were excluded.RESULT: Fourty-five pts were included in four centres. Five patients did not meet the inclusion criteria. The median age of the eligible pts was 60 years, range 43-75. PS was < or =1 in 90% of pts. Non-haematological toxicity was mild except grade 3 esophagitis, which was observed in 26.5% of pts. One pt developed an esophageal stricture. Grade 3/4 leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 82.5% and 75.0 of pts, respectively. One patient died due to neutropenic sepsis. The overall response rate was 77.5% with 30.0% achieving a complete response. Median progression-free survival was 11.8 months (95% CI: 1.3-22.2). Median overall survival was 22.9 months (95% CI: 13.4-31.5) and 5-year survival was 21%.CONCLUSION: The combination of topotecan and cisplatin with concurrent twice-daily chemoradiation results in long-term survivors. As expected the incidence of severe esophagitis is high.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Cisplatin', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Topotecan']
| 18,036,701
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['D03.132.151.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus-related autoantibody production in mice is determined by bone marrow-derived cells.
|
Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in mice by immunization with either a human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody bearing the 16/6 idiotype (16/6 Id) or with a mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the 16/6 Id. Susceptibility to the induction of experimental SLE is genetically determined but is not linked to the MHC. In the present study we tested the susceptibility of BM chimeras of different donor-host combinations to the induction of SLE and found that high levels of anti-16/6 Id and anti-ssDNA antibodies were induced in BALB/c-->C57BL/6, BALB/c-->BALB/c and normal BALB/c mice as opposed to C57BL/6-->BALB/c chimeras and normal C57BL/6 mice. The low levels of the anti-16/6 Id and anti-ssDNA antibodies produced by C57BL/6-->BALB/c chimeras immunized with the 16/6 fully allogeneic BMT as such chimeras were shown to produce high levels of antibodies to a T cell-dependent antigen (the synthetic polypeptide (Phe,G)-A--L). These results demonstrate that the production of SLE-related autoantibodies is controlled by donor-type BM derived cells and not by host-type cells in the thymic stroma.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Autoantibodies', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Immunization', 'Immunoglobulin Idiotypes', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Radiation Chimera']
| 8,241,973
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C20.111'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D12.644.541.500.745', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.745', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.745', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.745', 'D23.050.550.750', 'G02.111.570.060.425.580', 'G12.500.450'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B05.200.750.760', 'G12.470.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Maintaining nitric oxide-induced airway relaxation with superoxide dismutase.
|
BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that the protective effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction is negated in airways subjected to hyperosmotic stress. In this study, hypothesizing that the impaired efficiency of iNO was caused by release of reactive oxygen radicals, we examined the effect of the radical scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD).METHODS: Hemodynamic and respiratory measurements were performed on anesthetized rabbits after (1) inhalation of methacholine (MCh), (2) iNO (80ppm), followed by MCh, (3) inhalation of hypertonic saline (HS), followed by iNO and MCh and (4) pre-treatment with inhalation of SOD, followed by HS, iNO and MCh. We analyzed plasma for a marker of oxidative stress, 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha) and for a marker of activation of COX-mediated inflammatory cascades, PGF(2alpha) metabolite.RESULTS: Pre-treatment with SOD restored the bronchoprotective response to iNO in hyperosmotic airways. No direct effect was seen by SOD treatment on levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), but this marker of oxidative stress correlated positively with increased bronchoconstriction. Hyperosmotic challenge elevated levels of PGF(2alpha) metabolite, and pre-treatment with SOD protected against this activation of the inflammatory cascade.CONCLUSION: SOD pre-treatment restores the relaxant effects of iNO in hyperosmotically challenged airways by attenuating oxidative stress and activation of COX-mediated inflammatory cascades.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Dinoprost', 'Female', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rabbits', 'Signal Transduction', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 17,459,737
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G09.772.705.700.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antibodies to type II collagen in SLE: a role in the pathogenesis of deforming arthritis?
|
The role of autoimmunity to type II collagen in the arthritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been assessed by ELISA and by Western blotting cyanogen bromide cleavage fragments separated on SDS-PAGE. The results show that antibodies to both native and heat-denatured collagen are quite common in SLE when measured by ELISA. Of particular interest is the demonstration of an association between antibodies to the CB 11 peptide and deforming arthritis in SLE. This is the arthritogenic peptide in murine models of collagen II-induced autoimmune arthritis and the results presented here suggest a potential pathogenetic role in the deforming arthritis of SLE for this specific subset of antibodies to type II collagen.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Autoantibodies', 'Collagen', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Peptide Fragments']
| 1,690,683
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['D12.644.541']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cigarette smoking: an epidemiological overview.
|
The detailed mortality and morbidity statistics on smoking tend to conceal the overall impact of the habit on health. About 3 million people die each year from smoking in economically developed countries, half of them before the age of 70. Cancers of eight sites are recognized as being caused by smoking--lung cancer almost entirely and the others (upper respiratory, bladder, pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, kidney, leukaemia) to a substantial extent. Six other potentially fatal diseases are also judged to be caused by smoking: respiratory heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, stroke, pneumonia, aortic aneurysm and ischaemic heart disease, the most common cause of death in economically developed countries. Non-fatal diseases, such as peripheral vascular disease, cataracts, hip fracture, and periodontal disease, which cause appreciable disability, cost and inconvenience are also caused by smoking. In pregnancy, smoking increases the risk of limb reduction defects, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and low birth weight. While there are some diseases for which smoking shows a protective effect, the 'benefits' of these are negligible in relation to the illness and premature mortality caused by smoking. About 20% of all deaths in developed countries are caused by smoking; an enormous human cost which can be completely avoided.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cause of Death', 'Female', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Morbidity', 'Pregnancy', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking']
| 8,746,292
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gastric Juice-Based Real-Time PCR for Tailored Helicobacter Pylori
|
A gastric juice-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was established to identify Helicobacter pylori infection, clarithromycin susceptibility and human CYP2C19 genotypes and to guide the choice of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin and amoxicillin treatment for tailored H. pylori eradication therapy. From January 2013 to November 2014, 178 consecutive dyspeptic patients were enrolled for collection of gastric biopsy samples and gastric juice by endoscopy at the Peking University Third Hospital; 105 and 73 H. pylori-positive and -negative patients, respectively, were included in this study. H. pylori infection was defined as samples with both a strongly positive rapid urease test (RUT) and positive H. pylori histology. A series of primers and probes were distributed into four reactions for identifying the H. pylori cagH gene coupled with an internal control (Rnase P gene), A2142G and A2143G mutants of the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G681A of CYP2C19*2 and G636A of CYP2C19*3. The E-test and DNA sequencing were used to evaluate the H. pylori clarithromycin susceptibility phenotype and genotype. The SNPs CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were also evaluated by nucleotide sequencing. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of this gastric juice-based real-time PCR assay were evaluated by comparing with the same measures obtained through gastric biopsy-based PCR and culture. The H. pylori diagnostic sensitivities of the culture, PCR, and gastric biopsy- and gastric juice-based real-time PCR assays were 90.48% (95/105), 92.38% (97/105), 97.14% (102/105) and 100% (105/105), respectively; the specificities of the above methods were all 100%. Higher false-negative rates were found among the gastric biopsy samples assessed by culture (10.48%, 11/105), PCR (7.62%, 8/105) and real-time PCR (2.86%, 3/105) than in gastric juice by real-time PCR. Regarding clarithromycin susceptibility, a concordance of 82.98% (78/94) and discordance of 17.02% (16/94) were observed among the different methods, discrepancies that mainly represent differences between the H. pylori clarithromycin susceptibility phenotype and genotype. Three coinfections of susceptible and resistant strains were detected, with resistant-to-susceptible ratios of 1.16, 3.44, and 8.26. The CYP2C19 genotyping results from gastric juice by real-time PCR were completely in accordance with those obtained from biopsy samples by conventional PCR. This gastric juice-based real-time PCR assay is a more accurate method for detecting H. pylori infection, clarithromycin susceptibility and CYP2C19 polymorphisms. The method may be employed to inform the choice of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin and amoxicillin treatment for tailored H. pylori eradication therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amoxicillin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Gastric Juice', 'Genotype', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 28,638,276
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.700', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.700', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.700'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['A12.200.307'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.389.848'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Measurement of rest energy expanditure in pediatric oncological patients: concordance between indirect calorimetry and predictive equations].
|
INTRODUCTION: in childhood cancer, the disease impacts resting energy expenditure (GER) in a way that is not estimable by predictive equations.OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study is to determine the concordance between the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry in pediatric oncology patients versus the World Health Organization (WHO) and Schofield predictive equations.METHOD: cross-sectional study in children aged 5-15 years receiving chemotherapy, in outpatient Cl?nica Las Condes and Hospital Dr. S?tero del R?o, from July 2013 to July 2015. REE measurement was performed by indirect calorimetry and WHO and Schofield equations. Concordance analysis, with clinically relevant cut-off point and concordance coefficient of 90%.RESULTS: twenty-seven children were included and 27 calorimetries were performed; 66% of these children were diagnosed with leukemia, 15% with central nervous system tumor and 81% were in the maintenance stage of their treatment. There is no significant difference between indirect calorimetry measurement versus WHO (p 0.18) or Schofield (p 0.07), neither when stratifying by nutritional status or type of cancer diagnosis. Concordance was calculated between calorimetry and Schofield, with a concordance coefficient of Lin = 79.4% (95% CI = 65.2-93.6) and versus WHO = 78% (95% CI = 62.9-93.2).CONCLUSION: this level of agreement, less than 80% in both cases, is insufficient. With both equations for estimating REE, there is overestimation or underestimation of energy requirements in more than 20% of cases. There is no agreement between the measurement of REE measured with indirect calorimetry versus its estimation with Schofield's and the WHO equations. Consequently, indirect calorimetry is required as part of the nutritional assessment in a nutritionally at-risk population such as pediatric patients with oncological pathology.
|
['Adolescent', 'Algorithms', 'Calorimetry, Indirect', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Nutritional Status', 'Rest']
| 29,974,759
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.196.131.655'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['I03.450.769.647']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The clinical algorithm nosology: a method for comparing algorithmic guidelines.
|
Concern regarding the cost and quality of medical care has led to a proliferation of competing clinical practice guidelines. No technique has been described for determining objectively the degree of similarity between alternative guidelines for the same clinical problem. The authors describe the development of the Clinical Algorithm Nosology (CAN), a new method to compare one form of guideline: the clinical algorithm. The CAN measures overall design complexity independent of algorithm content, qualitatively describes the clinical differences between two alternative algorithms, and then scores the degree of similarity between them. CAN algorithm design-complexity scores correlated highly with clinicians' estimates of complexity on an ordinal scale (r = 0.86). Five pairs of clinical algorithms addressing three topics (gallstone lithotripsy, thyroid nodule, and sinusitis) were selected for interrater reliability testing of the CAN clinical-similarity scoring system. Raters categorized the similarity of algorithm pathways in alternative algorithms as "identical," "similar," or "different." Interrater agreement was achieved on 85/109 scores (80%), weighted kappa statistic, k = 0.73. It is concluded that the CAN is a valid method for determining the structural complexity of clinical algorithms, and a reliable method for describing differences and scoring the similarity between algorithms for the same clinical problem. In the future, the CAN may serve to evaluate the reliability of algorithm development programs, and to support providers and purchasers in choosing among alternative clinical guidelines.
|
['Algorithms', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Decision Trees', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Observer Variation', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 1,573,979
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['G17.162.500'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Postdural puncture headache: an imaging-guided management protocol.
|
IMPLICATIONS: We propose an imaging-based algorithm for the management of headache caused by the inadvertent puncture of dura that occurs sporadically during epidural analgesia. Its implementation can identify those postdural puncture headache cases that cannot benefit from epidural blood patches, and their unnecessary application can consequently be avoided.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, Epidural', 'Anesthesia, Obstetrical', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Ventriculography', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Female', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Low Back Pain', 'Pregnancy', 'Spinal Puncture', 'Steroids', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 12,761,017
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.131'], ['E03.155.364'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.190', 'E01.370.350.700.560.190', 'E01.370.376.537.750.190', 'E05.629.937.190'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.225.998.054.790', 'E01.370.376.700', 'E02.800.779', 'E04.074.790', 'E04.665.700', 'E05.200.998.054.790'], ['D04.210.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Receptors for recombinant erythropoietin in human bone marrow cells.
|
Human recombinant erythropoietin, labelled with 125I, was saturably bound to high affinity receptors, ka = 1.5 X 10(9) M-1, of bone marrow cells from 10 patients with various haematological disorders. Binding of labelled erythropoietin was specific, with less than 0.01% cross-reactivities of TSH, hCG and renin substrate (angiotensinogen). Binding capacity averaged 3 X 10(-14) moles/10(6) cells. Binding was maximal within 30 min at 37 degrees C. Low binding, less than 15% of that to bone marrow cells, was found to peripheral blood buffy coat, while erythrocytes and BALL cells did not bind labelled erythropoietin. Autoradiography showed binding of label confined to 4-5% of the bone marrow cells.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoradiography', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Female', 'Hematologic Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Erythropoietin']
| 2,829,343
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C15.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.340']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The intuitive use of laryngeal airway tools by first year medical students.
|
BACKGROUND: Providing a secured airway is of paramount importance in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although intubating the trachea is yet seen as gold standard, this technique is still reserved to experienced healthcare professionals. Compared to bag-valve facemask ventilation, however, the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway offers the opportunity to ventilate the patient effectively and can also be placed easily by lay responders. Obviously, it might be inserted without detailed background knowledge.The purpose of the study was to investigate the intuitive use of airway devices by first-year medical students as well as the effect of a simple, but well-directed training programme. Retention of skills was re-evaluated six months thereafter.METHODS: The insertion of a LMA-Classic and a LMA-Fastrach performed by inexperienced medical students was compared in an airway model. The improvement on their performance after a training programme of overall two hours was examined afterwards.RESULTS: Prior to any instruction, mean time to correct placement was 55.5 +/- 29.6 s for the LMA-Classic and 38.1 +/- 24.9 s for the LMA-Fastrach. Following training, time to correct placement decreased significantly with 22.9 +/- 13.5 s for the LMA-Classic and 22.9 +/- 19.0 s for the LMA-Fastrach, respectively (p < 0.05). After six months, the results are comparable prior (55.6 +/- 29.9 vs 43.1 +/- 34.7 s) and after a further training period (23.5 +/- 13.2 vs 26.6 +/- 21.6, p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Untrained laypersons are able to use different airway devices in a manikin and may therefore provide a secured airway even without having any detailed background knowledge about the tool. Minimal theoretical instruction and practical skill training can improve their performance significantly. However, refreshment of knowledge seems justified after six months.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Intuition', 'Male', 'Students, Medical', 'Young Adult']
| 19,772,608
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['F02.463.188.675'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Korsakoff amnesics are poor at judging the sequence of two tones.
|
Alcoholic amnesics were given a test of temporal sequencing ability devised by Efron which has practically no memory component. These amnesics were very impaired on the task. However, the extent of this impairment did not relate to the magnitude of their "target memory" deficit nor did it relate to the ability to make temporal judgements from memory. Two other groups of amnesics (3 post-encephalitis and 4 with ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery) did not show impairments on the sequencing task. Data from the amnesic patient N.A. (who was unimpaired on the task), three other amnesics (who showed a tendency to be poor at the task) and two frontally damaged patients (one of whom performed especially badly on the sequencing task but had no obvious memory difficulties) were also presented. It is argued that deficits in temporal discrimination may not be found in all amnesics but, when they are observed, are an incidental feature related to additional (possibly cortical damage. Implications of the results for the view that amnesia results from a deficit in the use of contextual information (including temporal information) are considered.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Amnestic Disorder', 'Aptitude', 'Attention', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Brain Mapping', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Pitch Discrimination', 'Serial Learning']
| 1,743,038
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.720.112.100', 'C25.723.705.150.100', 'C25.775.100.087.193.100', 'F03.900.100.050'], ['F02.784.629.131'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.593.071.700.408', 'G07.888.125.700.408'], ['F02.463.425.952.747']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for bilaterally delayed and decreased obstacle avoidance responses while walking with a lower limb prosthesis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the increased failure rates in obstacle avoidance of patients with lower limb amputation can be understood on the basis of increased delay and/or decreased amplitudes of obstacle avoidance responses.METHODS: Subjects performed obstacle avoidance on a treadmill while EMG recordings were made of several major muscles of the leg.RESULTS: It was found that subjects with a lower limb amputation have delayed responses (e.g. delays of 20 ms for the Biceps Femoris) and have decreased response amplitudes (36-41% smaller). Furthermore, such changes were observed not only on the prosthetic side, but also on the sound side. The decreased amplitudes were associated with increased failure rates in the obstacle avoidance task.CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the bilaterally delayed and reduced responses in persons with a lower limb prosthesis reflect a basic reorganization within the central nervous system aimed at providing synchronized activity in both lower limbs, even though the peripheral deficit involves only one limb.SIGNIFICANCE: The present results on obstacle avoidance responses can be used to evaluate future prosthetic training involving obstacle crossings for amputee rehabilitation.
|
['Adult', 'Amputation', 'Artificial Limbs', 'Electromyography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Gait', 'Gait Disorders, Neurologic', 'Humans', 'Joints', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Orientation', 'Proprioception', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Somatosensory Disorders', 'Walking', 'Young Adult']
| 19,362,881
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.555.080'], ['E07.695.050', 'E07.858.082.050', 'E07.858.442.050'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['C10.597.404', 'C23.888.592.413'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['C10.597.751.791', 'C23.888.592.763.770'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cutaneous metastases from prostatic carcinoma.
|
A case of prostatic adenocarcinoma associated with extensive cutaneous metastases and malignant acanthosis nigricans is reported. Pertinent literature is reviewed. The pathogenesis of the possible mechanism of the development of cutaneous metastases in this as well as other related cases is discussed.
|
['Acanthosis Nigricans', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 664,150
|
[['C17.800.621.430.530.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ribosomal RNA transcriptional activation and processing in hamster facial motoneurons: effects of axotomy with or without exposure to testosterone.
|
A key step in the ability of neurons to survive injury and successfully regenerate involves ribosomal RNA production. Testosterone propionate (TP), augments facial nerve regeneration in the adult hamster. TP modulates the nucleolar reaction in injured facial motoneurons, such that mature ribosome levels increase more rapidly and in greater magnitude than with injury only. In this study, molecular and electron microscopic stereologic approaches were used to determine the effects of axotomy and steroid treatment on ribosomal transcription and processing in facial motoneurons. Castrated adult male hamsters were subjected to right facial nerve transection at the stylomastoid foramen. Half the animals were subcutaneously implanted with one Silastic TP capsule, with the remainder sham implanted. For the in situ hybridization experiments, postoperative survival times were 0.5, 2, or 6 hours. In situ hybridization with a ribosomal DNA probe specific to the external transcribed spacer region located at the 5' end of the ribosomal gene was accomplished. Transcriptional activation of the rRNA gene occurred rapidly, within 2 hours, after injury only. Unexpectedly, TP treatment did not alter the time course or magnitude of rRNA transcriptional activity. For the electron microscope experiments, the postoperative time of 12 hours was selected. Stereologic analysis of 3 nucleolar subcomponents, fibrillar centers (site of rRNA transcription), nucleolonema (site of rRNA processing), and granular material (site of preribosome storage), was accomplished. TP decreased the nucleolonemal strands and the granular material, relative to injury only. These results suggest that, although rRNA transcription is rapidly activated by axotomy, rRNA processing is temporarily stalled. TP does not affect the early, axotomy-induced transcriptional activation of the ribosomal gene, but may, instead, prevent the subsequent disruption in rRNA processing. An hypothesis for the molecular mechanism by which steroids augment the regenerative capabilities of injured facial motoneurons is presented.
|
['Animals', 'Axotomy', 'Carcinogens', 'Cell Nucleolus', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cricetinae', 'Facial Nerve', 'Facial Nerve Injuries', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'RNA Probes', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Testosterone', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 9,822,149
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.175'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A08.800.050.050.275', 'A08.800.050.600.149', 'A08.800.800.060.275', 'A08.800.800.120.250'], ['C07.465.299.500', 'C10.292.200.500', 'C10.292.319.500', 'C10.900.300.218.300', 'C26.915.300.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['D13.444.600.723', 'D27.505.259.750.600.825', 'D27.720.470.530.600.825'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stanniocalcin 1 acts as a paracrine regulator of growth plate chondrogenesis.
|
During embryogenesis, the expression of mammalian stanniocalcin (STC1) in the appendicular skeleton suggests its involvement in the regulation of longitudinal bone growth. Such a role is further supported by the presence of dwarfism in mice overexpressing STC1. Yet, the STC 1 inhibitory effect on growth may be related to both postnatal metabolic abnormalities and prenatal defective bone formation. In our study, we used an organ culture system to evaluate the effects of STC on growth plate chondrogenesis, which is the primary determinant of longitudinal bone growth. Fetal rat metatarsal bones were cultured in the presence of recombinant human STC (rhSTC). After 3 days, rhSTC suppressed metatarsal growth, growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy/differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. In addition, rhSTC increased the number of apoptotic chondrocytes in the growth plate. In cultured chondrocytes, rhSTC increased phosphate uptake, reduced chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis, and induced apoptosis. All these effects were reversed by culturing chondrocytes with rhSTC and phosphonoformic acid, an inhibitor of phosphate transport. The rhSTC-mediated inhibition of metatarsal growth and growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy/differentiation was abolished by culturing metatarsals with rhSTC and phosphonoformic acid. Taken together, our findings indicate that STC1 inhibits longitudinal bone growth directly at the growth plate. Such growth inhibition, likely mediated by an increased chondrocyte phosphate uptake, results from suppressed chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy/differentiation, and matrix synthesis and by increased apoptosis. Last, the expression of both STC1 and its binding site in the growth plate would support an autocrine/paracrine role for this growth factor in the regulation of growth plate chondrogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Binding Sites', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bone Development', 'Bone and Bones', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chondrocytes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Foscarnet', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Metatarsal Bones', 'Paracrine Communication', 'Proteoglycans', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Time Factors']
| 16,377,640
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.329.171'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.241.081.018.677.250', 'D02.705.429.875.500'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.492'], ['G04.085.600'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of sex hormones on apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and/or estradiol (E2) on apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).METHODS: The percentage of apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy blood donors were examined by means of AO staining 48 h after culture with DHEA and/or E2 at physiologic or pathologic concentrations.RESULTS: The percentage apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients is higher than that of healthy blood donors (P < 0.01). E2, whether at physiological or at pathological concentrations, had no effects no apoptosis of PBMCs from both SLE patients and healthy donors (P > 0.05). Both DHEA and DHEA plus E2 at physiologic concentrations, had no effect on apoptosis of PBMCs from healthy donors (P > 0.05), but significantly inhibited that of SLE patients (P < 0.05); at pathologic concentrations, they promoted apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients as well as healthy blood donors (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the effects of DHEA and that of DHEA plus E2 (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: DHEA plays an important role in the apoptosis of PBMCs from SLE patients; low serum levels of DHEA may cause accelerated apoptosis.
|
['Adult', 'Apoptosis', 'DNA', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male']
| 11,780,316
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400', 'D06.472.040.502.400', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Trinorcassane and cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax.
|
An unprecedented trinorcassane diterpenoid and a cassane furanoditerpenoid were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax. It is the first example of dicylic cassane-type trinorditerpenoid, which is different from reported 16- or 17-norcassane diterpenoids. The structure of the compounds was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR analysis. Biosynthesis pathways are postulated, and this pathway was supported by semi-synthesis.
|
['Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Caesalpinia', 'Diterpenes', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Extracts', 'Seeds']
| 25,771,123
|
[['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.093'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a prognostic factor for colorectal cancer.
|
PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) is a cell cycle related protein that is maximally elevated in late G1 and S-phase of proliferating cells. 114 biopsy specimens of colorectal cancer were immunolabeled with PC 10 which specifically recognizes PCNA; Dukes' staging and histological grading were estimated for each case. All patients were followed-up for at least 60 months or to death. All data were analysed by the computer program NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System). According to the results, PCNA-index may be considered an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer; it may also be helpful in supporting the therapeutic strategies based only on Dukes' stage.
|
['Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Survival Rate']
| 8,572,642
|
[['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Risk factors and a predictive model for acute hepatic failure after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is one of the most serious complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The aims of this study were to investigate risk factors of AHF after TACE and to establish a predictive model for AHF.METHODS: In the evaluation set, a total of 820 patients who underwent TACE as a first treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma were included. The demographic, laboratory, radiological and treatment-related factors were analysed to identify risk factors for AHF after TACE and a predictive model was established using the identified risk factors. In the validation set, a different cohort of 438 patients was included to validate the predictive model.RESULTS: The incidence of post-TACE AHF was 15.1% (124/820). Multivariate analysis revealed that presence of portal vein thrombosis, high aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and log alpha-foetoprotein levels, and low albumin and sodium levels were independent risk factors. A mathematical model was established using these independent risk factors, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.773 (95% confidence interval, 0.726-0.820). The cut-off value of 9 had a sensitivity of 78.2%, a specificity of 72.3%, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.82, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.30, a positive predictive value of 28.9% and a negative predictive value of 95.8%.CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors of post-TACE AHF were presence of portal vein thrombosis, high aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and alpha-foetoprotein levels, and low serum albumin and sodium levels. A mathematical model to predict post-TACE AHF was established.
|
['Area Under Curve', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Bilirubin', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Chemoembolization, Therapeutic', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Liver Failure, Acute', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Models, Biological', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Portal Vein', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Republic of Korea', 'Risk Factors', 'Serum Albumin', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Venous Thrombosis', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 23,295,052
|
[['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E02.520.360.150', 'E02.926.500.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['C06.552.308.500.750'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C14.907.355.830.925'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
MMPI profiles among neuropsychology patients.
|
Examined MMPI profiles in a sample of 345 patients who were referred for neuropsychological evaluation because of known or suspected brain damage in an effort to determine how these profiles compare to MMPI profiles among general mental health outpatients. The relationship between the severity of brain damage as determined by the neuropsychological evaluation and the severity of emotional problems as reflected by the MMPI also was examined. A third part of the study focused on two MMPI "organic" codes ("29" and "139") to determine whether these code types reflect brain disorders at greater than chance level. Results indicate that a large majority of neuropsychology patients exhibit significant emotional problems as evidenced by one or more scale elevations on the MMPI. These patients differ considerably from general outpatients in terms of the scales most frequently elevated. In contrast to earlier findings, present results suggest only a low relationship between the severity of emotional problems and the severity of brain damage with much of this relationship reflected in Sc scale elevations.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MMPI', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurocognitive Disorders', 'Psychometrics']
| 6,874,973
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.647.513.607'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.615'], ['F04.711.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The mechanical behavior of nacre across length scales.
|
Nacre achieves excellent mechanical properties with a relatively simple hierarchical structure. Analyses suggest that a significant gain in toughness is realized with a modest reduction in strength, with increasing levels of hierarchy. This study probes the role of different hierarchical length scales in governing the strength and modulus of nacre using a combination of bulk compression tests, microindentation and nanoindentation tests. The variability in the measured properties is assessed through Weibull analyses. The transition from elastic deformation is characterized using spherical indentation tests at the micro and nano scales together with a Herztian analysis. The modulus of the organic phase at different scales was deduced using indentation data and appropriate micromechanical models. The results show a minimal influence of length scales on elastic-plastic transitions, suggesting that initiation of plasticity occurs through a common biomineral sliding mechanism across length scales. However the ultimate strengths follow the trends of models for hierarchical materials, with the strength reducing by a factor of ~2 with each increase in level of hierarchy. The modulus of the organic phase was higher at the lowest scale, in contrast to an earlier study, indicating that confinement significantly modifies the effective properties of the organic.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Materials Testing', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Nacre']
| 29,149,657
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.570'], ['G01.374'], ['D01.146.275.500', 'D01.200.275.150.150.500', 'D01.578.200.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Symptomatic toxoplasma infection due to congenital and postnatally acquired infection.
|
AIMS: To determine the incidence and severity of symptomatic toxoplasma infection presenting during childhood due to congenital or postnatally acquired infection.METHODS: Between 2002 and 2004, newly diagnosed children (<16 years) with signs or symptoms of congenital or ocular toxoplasmosis were reported by clinicians to the British Paediatric and Ophthalmic Surveillance Units or by toxoplasma referral laboratories. Confirmed cases were estimated to have a greater than 50% probability of congenital and/or ocular toxoplasmosis, based on clinical and serological findings.RESULTS: Thirty eight children had confirmed toxoplasma infection. Twenty two (58%) were classified with congenital infection (cumulative incidence for England and Wales 1.62[corrected]/100,000 live births; 95% CI 0.85[corrected] to 2.83[corrected]), of whom 2 (9%) were stillborn, 7 (32%) live births had intracranial abnormalities and/or developmental delay (5 of whom had retinochoroiditis), and 10 (45%) had retinochoroiditis with no other abnormalities reported. A further 16 (42%) children were classified as infected after birth; all had retinochoroiditis.CONCLUSIONS: The low burden of symptomatic congenital toxoplasmosis combined with the lack of evidence of an effective treatment support current policy not to offer prenatal or neonatal screening for toxoplasma infection. Primary prevention strategies need to address acquisition of infection in childhood which accounts for half the ocular disease due to toxoplasma infection in children in the UK and Ireland.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Data Collection', 'England', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Toxoplasmosis, Congenital', 'Toxoplasmosis, Ocular']
| 16,547,084
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['C01.610.752.250.800'], ['C01.207.205.300.900', 'C01.610.752.250.800.445', 'C10.228.228.205.300.900', 'C16.614.909'], ['C01.610.300.781', 'C01.610.752.250.800.640', 'C11.294.725.781']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High efficiency solar cells as fabricated by Sb2S3-modified TiO2 nanofibrous networks.
|
High-efficiency hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on electrospun titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers plus poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are fabricated by means of both the pretreatment using tetrahydrofuran (THF) vapor and the surface modification using n-type antimony chalcogenide (Sb2S3) on the TiO2 nanofibrous networks. It is revealed that the THF pretreatment not only reinforces the interfacial physical contact but also suppresses the interfacial recombination. The Sb2S3 modification improves the light absorption and charge transfer. Given that the active layer of the HSCs is as thin as 300 nm, it is demonstrated that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is enhanced over 175%, exhibiting a PCE of 2.32%.
|
['Antimony', 'Chalcogens', 'Furans', 'Nanofibers', 'Particle Size', 'Solar Energy', 'Thiophenes', 'Titanium']
| 23,944,152
|
[['D01.268.513.124', 'D01.268.556.050', 'D01.552.544.050'], ['D01.268.185'], ['D03.383.312'], ['J01.637.512.300'], ['G02.712'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Shame in the treatment of schizophrenia: theoretical considerations with clinical illustrations.
|
The phenomenology and dynamics of shame have been largely overlooked in the psychoanalytic and psychological literature. The emerging literature now suggests that shame may play a vital role in autonomy and personality development, symptom formation, character pathology, and interpersonal relationships. This paper attempts to describe shame phenomena and identify shame dynamics. The role of shame in the understanding and treatment of schizophrenic individuals is then demonstrated through reference to the writings of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and examples from the author's clinical work.
|
['Adult', 'Ego', 'Female', 'Guilt', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Psychological Theory', 'Psychotherapy', 'Rage', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia, Paranoid', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Self Concept', 'Shame']
| 4,049,911
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.752.747.189', 'F02.739.794.206'], ['F01.470.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F02.739'], ['F04.754'], ['F01.470.093.640'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F03.700.750.600'], ['F04.824'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.470.483.666']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Development of tissue damage, inflammation and resolution following stroke: an immunohistochemical and quantitative planimetric study.
|
Development and resolution of the lesion produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) was studied through quantitative planimetry and histologic/immunohistochemical techniques. MCAO, performed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), initially (1-3 days) produced large, consistent cerebral cortical infarctions and an increase in ipsilateral hemispheric size (i.e., swelling) quantitated by planimetry on 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained gross tissue sections. These initial changes correlated well with changes identified from 2 h to 3 days using hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic tissue sections and immunohistochemical techniques including: the progressive development of a cortical area of pan necrosis, infiltration of neutrophils into infarcted tissues, and activation of astroglia. During the initial 2 days following MCAO, glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive cells increased in number and became larger and more intensely fluorescent medial to the cortical infarct. At 5 to 15 days, both the infarct and the ipsilateral hemisphere decreased in size. These changes correlated with the presence of abundant macrophages, and cavitation of the lesion along its medial border. Also during this period, a loose connective tissue matrix formed along the superficial aspect of the infarct. This connective tissue contained fibroblasts, extracellular matrix immunoreactive for laminin and collagen, capillary buds indicating neovascularization, and abundant macrophages. By the final timepoint (30 days), necrotic tissue could no longer be detected in either gross or histologic tissue sections, the inflammatory infiltrate had resolved, and the connective tissue was removed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Encephalitis', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Gliosis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Paraffin Embedding', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR']
| 8,495,380
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['C23.550.369'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440.610', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440.610', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440.610', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Telling the truth about rising health care costs.
|
Bureaucrats, businessmen, and the media continue to blame physicians for the rising cost of medical care in the United States. It's time for somebody to tell the American people the truth.
|
['Aged', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Fees, Medical', 'Humans', 'Life Expectancy', 'Medicare', 'United States']
| 2,204,672
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.300.426', 'N03.219.442.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Generation of Catalytic Antibodies Is an Intrinsic Property of an Individual's Immune System: A Study on a Large Cohort of Renal Transplant Patients.
|
Renal transplant is the treatment of choice for patients with terminal end-stage renal disease. We have previously identified low levels of catalytic IgG as a potential prognosis marker for chronic allograft rejection. The origin and physiopathological relevance of catalytic Abs is not well understood, owing to the fact that catalytic Abs have been studied in relatively small cohorts of patients with rare diseases and/or without systematic follow-up. In the current study, we have followed the evolution of the levels of catalytic IgG in a large cohort of renal transplant patients over a 2-y period. Our results demonstrate that, prior to transplant, patients with renal failure present with heterogeneous levels of IgG hydrolyzing the generic proline-phenylalanine-arginine-methylcoumarinamide (PFR-MCA) substrate. PFR-MCA hydrolysis was greater for patients' IgG than for a therapeutic preparation of pooled IgG from healthy donors. Renal transplant was marked by a drastic decrease in levels of catalytic IgG over 3 mo followed by a steady increase during the next 21 mo. Patients who displayed high levels of catalytic IgG pretransplant recovered high levels of catalytic Abs 2 y posttransplant. Interestingly, IgG-mediated hydrolysis of a model protein substrate, procoagulant factor VIII, did not correlate with that of PFR-MCA prior transplantation, whereas it did 12 mo posttransplant. Taken together, our results suggest that the level of circulating catalytic IgG under pathological conditions is an intrinsic property of each individual's immune system and that recovery of pretransplant levels of catalytic IgG is accompanied by changes in the repertoire of target Ags.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Catalytic', 'Autoantibodies', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Chronic Disease', 'Factor VIII', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Immune System', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Transplant Recipients', 'Young Adult']
| 27,067,006
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.167', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.167', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.167'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.101'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D12.776.124.125.350', 'D12.776.811.286', 'D23.119.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A15.382'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.925'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Negotiation of C-shaped canal systems in mandibular second molars.
|
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the method of canal negotiation in the presence of differently C-shaped orifices using the micro-computed tomography technique.METHODS: Forty-four extracted mandibular second molars with C-shaped roots were collected from a Chinese population. Size 10 or 15 K files were used to explore the canal orifices when viewed under the surgical operating microscope. Choices in the number and position of the files inserted into the canal system were based on the different orifice shape. After the teeth with files were scanned and reconstructed, the number and position of the files were analyzed.RESULTS: Among 44 teeth, a total of 132 initial files were inserted into 83 orifices, in which 42 orifices had only one initial file, 33 with two, and 8 orifices had three files inserted. Eight main canals were not located because of canal bifurcations in the root, calcification, and dentin fusion.CONCLUSION: This new method for negotiation combined with careful exploration may provide an effective way for indentifying the nature of the canal system and enhancing debridement in these complex canal anatomies.
|
['Dental Instruments', 'Dental Pulp Cavity', 'Humans', 'Mandible', 'Molar', 'Odontometry', 'Root Canal Preparation', 'Tooth Root', 'X-Ray Microtomography']
| 19,567,323
|
[['E06.186.501', 'E07.222.501'], ['A14.549.167.900.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['E01.370.600.024.650', 'E05.041.650', 'E06.623'], ['E06.397.778.889', 'E06.931.625'], ['A14.549.167.900.750'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The comparative effects of environmental enrichment with exercise and serotonin transporter blockade on serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
|
We have previously reported that inhibition of the serotonin transporter (SERT) by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine significantly reduces the number of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)-positive cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). We have been interested in exploring whether this SSRI-induced change in TPH might be modified by housing in an enriched environment. Like SSRI antidepressants, environmental enrichment (EE) and physical exercise have been found to have efficacy in the prevention and alleviation of depression. We postulated that EE with exercise and SERT inhibition would similarly affect TPH regulation and that EE with exercise might modify the effect of fluoxetine on TPH. Three week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in either a standard cage (SE) or an enriched environment (EE). SE animals were singly housed with no access to enrichment objects. EE animals were group housed and were provided with various enrichment objects (e.g. running wheel) that were changed and rearranged regularly. Nine weeks after the experiment began, the rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) SE control; (2) SE fluoxetine; (3) EE control; or (4) EE fluoxetine. Fluoxetine (5 mg/kg/day) was placed in the drinking water. Sections of DRN were processed for TPH immunohistochemistry. The number of TPH-positive cells was determined by blinded, manual counting. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc Tukey tests. Significance was set at P < 0.05. For animals housed in a standard environment, fluoxetine induced a significant 29% reduction in the number of TPH-immunoreactive cells in the DRN. A similar reduction in TPH immunoreactivity was observed in animals that were housed in an enriched environment but not exposed to fluoxetine (39%). The number of TPH-positive cells in the DRN for animals housed in an enriched environment and exposed to fluoxetine was not significantly different than animals housed in an enriched environment and not exposed to fluoxetine. The reduction of TPH immunoreactivity in the DRN by EE with exercise suggests that a modified housing environment and voluntary exercise affects regulation of TPH, possibly via a mechanism similar to that of SERT inhibitors. This downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis by fluoxetine and EE with exercise may ultimately play a role in the therapeutic action of both interventions.
|
['Animals', 'Environment', 'Fluoxetine', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Raphe Nuclei', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Serotonergic Neurons', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Tryptophan Hydroxylase']
| 22,121,041
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.618', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.562', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.675.895', 'A11.671.895'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.311', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.624', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.374', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.747'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen with increased tumor specificity.
|
Nine monoclonal antibodies reacting with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were produced after immunization of mice with either purified CEA or a CEA-producing human cell line. Their specificities were assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. These monoclonal antibodies have different patterns of tissue reactivity. Two of them, D14 and B18, were found to have a high degree of specificity for colonic carcinoma and did not react with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of normal colon with standardized staining conditions. Most cases of noncolonic adenocarcinomas and normal epithelial structures were not stained by these two monoclonal antibodies. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was further investigated immunochemically using intact, reduced, and alkylated or chemically fragmented CEA. Liquid phase radioimmunoassays and antibody competition immunoenzymatic assays confirmed that the antibodies recognize different epitopes of CEA. These data support the concept of CEA heterogeneity and the reactivity of the D14 and B18 monoclonal antibodies with colonic adenocarcinomas indicates that they are useful immunohistochemical probes.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Cell Line', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 2,417,036
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential identification of mushrooms sclerotia by IR macro-fingerprint method.
|
Many macrofungus sclerotia are well-known medicinal herbs, health food and nutritional supplements. However, the prevalent adulterant commercial products are major hindrances to their incorporation into mainstream medical use in many countries. The mushroom sclerotia of Lignosus rhinocerotis, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium and Omphalia lapidescens are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, IR macro-fingerprint method was used in the identification of these sclerotia. The results showed that the spectrum of L. rhinocerotis (LR) was comparable with P. cocos with 94.4% correlation, except that the peak at 1543cm(-1) of LR appeared in lower intensity. The spectrum of P. umbellatus and P. tuber-regium was also correlated (91.5%), as both spectra could be clearly discriminated in that P. umbellatus spectrum has small base peaks located at the range of 1680-1500cm(-1). O. lapidescens was not comparable with all the other sclerotia as its spectrum was totally different. Its base peak was broad and derivated equally along the range. The first IR has revealed the dissimilarity among five mushrooms sclerotia. The second derivative and 2DIR further enhanced the identification in detail.
|
['Agaricales', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Pleurotus', 'Polyporus', 'Poria', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 26,186,395
|
[['B01.300.179.100'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['B01.300.179.100.650'], ['B01.300.179.120.760.675'], ['B01.300.179.120.174.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Study of the time-course of cis/trans (Z/E) isomerization of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene from tomato.
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In this study we investigated the formation of isomers of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene from tomato and their theoretical energy. The results indicated that certain (Z)-isomers are favored thermodynamically and/or kinetically over their (all-E)-counterparts. The relative percentages of (5Z)-lycopene in either thermodynamic or kinetic equilibria were approximately 33%, and those of (all-E)-lycopene were only approximately 22%. Most strikingly (15Z)-phytoene was the major isomer (>90%) when the thermodynamic or the kinetic equilibria were reached. These observations can explain the high levels of lycopene (Z)-isomers found in humans and their rapid formations upon additions of oil to tomato products. In addition, the results can be useful to predict the isomeric forms of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene expected in foods as well as in plasma and tissues upon ingestion. In light of the data in the present study, the use of certain geometrical isomers of phytoene, phytofluene and lycopene on their own or as mixtures is recommended in future studies aimed at assessing their possible bioactivity.
|
['Carotenoids', 'Isomerism', 'Kinetics', 'Lycopene', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Plant Extracts']
| 25,426,993
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.216', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.213', 'D02.455.849.131.216', 'D23.767.261.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment is associated with improvement of liver stiffness in cystic fibrosis patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) might prevent progression of cystic fibrosis liver disease, but objective parameters for its effect are lacking.METHODS: We used liver stiffness measurements to evaluate the effect of Ursodeoxycholic acid.RESULTS: Paired measurements of liver stiffness were done in 73 patients without UDCA and in 32 patients with UDCA. In the latter group, 6 patients had cirrhosis; in 15 patients, UDCA was started based on Colombo criteria, and in 11 patients for other reasons. In patients without UDCA, liver stiffness increased: 0.19 (-0.03 to 0.59)kPa/year. Liver stiffness also increased in patients with cirrhosis: 4.6 (0.67-12.4)kPa/year. In patients who had UDCA based on Colombo criteria, a decrease of liver stiffness was observed: 0.70 (-1.6 to 0.55)kPa/year (P=0.01). In patients on UDCA for other reasons, liver stiffness increased: 0.23 (-0.20 to 0.51)kPa/year.CONCLUSION: UDCA reduced liver stiffness in patients with well-defined, mild liver disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cholagogues and Choleretics', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ursodeoxycholic Acid']
| 27,481,229
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D27.505.954.483.508'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['E01.370.350.850.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272.962', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characteristics of elliptical sources in BEAMnrc Monte Carlo system: implementation and application.
|
Recently, several papers noticed that the electron focal spot of a linear accelerator (linac) could be elliptical which would cause dosimetric discrepancies between measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. To resolve the mismatch, two elliptical source models were developed in BEAMnrc code. The first was a parallel beam elliptical source with uniform distribution where the shape of the source was primarily considered. The other was a parallel beam elliptical source with Gaussian distribution whose source distribution follows the normal distribution. To validate the elliptical source models, uniform and Gaussian electron beams were impinged on a thin air target. Both models successfully reproduced the elliptical shapes and source distributions. Then, this study investigated the characteristics of the elliptical Gaussian source for a 6 MV photon beam in a Varian 21EX linac. The linac head model was implemented in the BEAMnrc/EGSnrc system and commissioned by comparing the lateral and depth dose profiles to the ion chamber measurements acquired from the annual quality assurance (QA). It was found that the circular Gaussian beam with 6 MeV/0.2 cm full width half maximum (FWHM) produces the best matches to the QA data. To explore the characteristics of the elliptical Gaussian source, this study employed an elliptical Gaussian electron source with 0.1 cm FWHM in the x axis and 0.2 cm FWHM in the y axis which was incident on the target of the linac head. Two circular Gaussian beams with 0.1 and 0.2 cm FWHM were employed to compare the differences between circular and elliptical sources. For all the sources, planar and energy fluences were acquired and analyzed. This study also compared the lateral and depth dose profiles in a water phantom by using a DOSXYZnrc user code. In results, a constricted shoulder effect was observed in both planar and energy fluence plots when the FWHM value was increased and the field size is larger than 30 x 30 cm2. The same effect was also noticed in the lateral dose profiles, while the depth dose profile did not vary much.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Electrons', 'Humans', 'Ions', 'Models, Statistical', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Normal Distribution', 'Particle Accelerators', 'Photons', 'Quality Control', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiometry', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Software', 'Water']
| 19,472,609
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['E07.710.680'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E05.799'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['L01.224.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fireworks-related injury surveillance in the Philippines: trends in 2010-2014.
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Analysis of the annual fireworks-related injury surveillance data collected by the Philippines Department of Health (DOH) in 2010-2014 was conducted to describe the profile of such injuries in the Philippines. Surveillance data were collected from DOH's Online National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and analysed. A case was defined as any person who had sustained injury from fireworks in any form within the 16-day surveillance period (21 December to 5 January) and had presented to any of the 50 sentinel hospitals. Of the 4649 cases, there were 4706 fireworks-related injuries involving 5076 anatomic sites in 2010-2014. A significant decrease of cases in 2014 was observed when compared with the previous study years (P = 0.02). The number of cases peaked at public holidays. Males (80%) were more commonly injured, and children aged 5 to 14 years were primarily affected (47%). Ignition of illegal fireworks accounted for half (50%) of the injuries; most injuries (68%) occurred in street settings. The majority of injuries (57%) were sustained by fireworks igniters. The most common anatomic injury sites were hands (44%), legs (21%) and eyes (14%). Illegal fireworks were related to 100% (4/4) of the deaths and 49% (105/214) of the cases who needed amputations. Fireworks-related injuries declined significantly in 2014. Public awareness campaigns may have contributed to reducing the injury occurrences. As illegal fireworks accounted for all deaths and more than half of the amputations, law enforcement should be directed towards preventing importing, distributing and using illegal fireworks.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Amputation', 'Blast Injuries', 'Burns', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Explosive Agents', 'Female', 'Holidays', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Philippines', 'Young Adult']
| 26,798,555
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.080'], ['C26.120.126'], ['C26.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D27.720.317'], ['I03.450.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.145.671', 'Z01.639.790'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Thrombotic gene polymorphisms and postoperative outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: Emerging perioperative genomics may influence the direction of risk assessment and surgical strategies in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) affect the clinical presentation and predispose to increased risk for postoperative adverse events in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).METHODS: A total of 220 patients undergoing first-time CABG between January 2005 and May 2008 were screened for factor V gene G1691A (FVL), prothrombin/factor II G20210A (PT G20210A), angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE-ins/del) polymorphisms by PCR and Real Time PCR. End points were defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, postoperative bleeding, respiratory and renal insufficiency and event-free survival. Patients were compared to assess for any independent association between genotypes for thrombosis and postoperative phenotypes.RESULTS: Among 220 patients, the prevalence of the heterozygous FVL mutation was 10.9% (n = 24), and 3.6% (n = 8) were heterozygous carriers of the PT G20210A mutation. Genotype distribution of ACE-ins/del was 16.6%, 51.9%, and 31.5% in genotypes I/I, I/D, and D/D, respectively. FVL and PT G20210A mutations were associated with higher prevalence of totally occluded coronary arteries (p < 0.001). Furthermore the risk of left ventricular aneurysm formation was significantly higher in FVL heterozygote group compared to FVL G1691G (p = 0.002). ACE D/D genotype was associated with hypertension (p = 0.004), peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.006), and previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.007).CONCLUSIONS: FVL and PT G20210A genotypes had a higher prevalence of totally occluded vessels potentially as a result of atherothrombotic events. However, none of the genotypes investigated were independently associated with mortality.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Factor V', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Prothrombin', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Thrombosis']
| 21,955,693
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['D12.776.124.125.300', 'D12.776.811.272', 'D23.119.300'], ['G05.380'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D08.622.709', 'D12.776.124.125.800', 'D12.776.811.243.709', 'D23.119.945'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An analysis of the cross-reactivity of autoantibodies to GAD65 and GAD67 in diabetes.
|
BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies to GAD65 (anti-GAD65) are present in the sera of 70-80% of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but antibodies to the structurally similar 67 kDa isoform GAD67 are rare. Antibodies to GAD67 may represent a cross-reactive population of anti-GAD65, but this has not been formally tested.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we examined the frequency, levels and affinity of anti-GAD67 in diabetes sera that contained anti-GAD65, and compared the specificity of GAD65 and GAD67 reactivity. Anti-GAD65 and anti-GAD67 were measured by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) using (125)I labeled recombinant GAD65 and GAD67. For each antibody population, the specificity of the binding was measured by incubation with 100-fold excess of unlabeled GAD in homologous and heterologous inhibition assays, and the affinity of binding with GAD65 and GAD67 was measured in selected sera. Sera were also tested for reactivity to GAD65 and GAD67 by immunoblotting. Of the 85 sera that contained antibodies to GAD65, 28 contained anti-GAD67 measured by RIP. Inhibition with unlabeled GAD65 substantially or completely reduced antibody reactivity with both (125)I GAD65 and with (125)I GAD67. In contrast, unlabeled GAD67 reduced autoantibody reactivity with (125)I GAD67 but not with (125)I GAD65. Both populations of antibodies were of high affinity (>10(10) l/mol).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that autoantibodies to GAD67 represent a minor population of anti-GAD65 that are reactive with a cross-reactive epitope found also on GAD67. Experimental results confirm that GAD65 is the major autoantigen in T1D, and that GAD67 per se has very low immunogenicity. We discuss our findings in light of the known similarities between the structures of the GAD isoforms, in particular the location of a minor cross-reactive epitope that could be induced by epitope spreading.
|
['Antibody Affinity', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Autoantibodies', 'Cross Reactions', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Glutamate Decarboxylase', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay']
| 21,494,613
|
[['G12.040', 'G12.122.125'], ['G12.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['G12.122.281'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.840', 'E05.200.812.735.840', 'E05.478.566.380.825', 'E05.478.566.639.825', 'E05.478.594.760.840', 'E05.478.605.825', 'E05.601.470.380.825', 'E05.601.470.639.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Revision and Implementation of "Clinical Guideline for Tuberculosis and HIV in Prisons", Great Tehran Prison, Iran.
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AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of the revised "Clinical Guideline for HIV and TB" in the Great Tehran Prison during October 2013 to June 2014.METHODS: The guideline includes all aspects of HIV/TB diagnosis based on active case finding (ACF), treatment and care services. Before the implementation, a focus group discussion was conducted, and attended by experts on prison health. The objective was to identify defects and limitations of the guideline. After the discussion, the guideline was revised. The Great Tehran Prison contains three separate units; all prisoners are taken first to "reception and identification unit (quarantine)" and then send to two housing units according to their legal status. An HIV ACF strategy was employed in the quarantine, and two units through a voluntary provider-initiated HIV testing. Three staff of the triangular clinic trained the prisoners about common routes of HIV transmission and the symptoms of TB in the units. In the quarantine, all prisoners were examined for all HIV-risk factors, HIV testing and symptoms of TB. In unit one, healthcare staff continued the ACF process, while in unit two, the peers of prisoners were assigned as the healthcare communicators to proceed with the strategy. At this caring process, when the test result was positive, then the process of care, treatment and follow ups was initiated. Moreover, the use of directly observed therapy (DOT) for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and TB was applied to the sick prisoners. There was also a follow-up caring for released prisoner to refer them to care and treatment services outside the prison.RESULTS: The guideline was implemented in the prison successfully.CONCLUSION: Regarding feasibility of the guideline, the investigators of this study suggest that the guideline should be implemented in other prisons across the country.
|
['Adult', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Directly Observed Therapy', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Prisoners', 'Prisons', 'Tuberculosis', 'World Health Organization']
| 28,521,672
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.729'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identifying risk factors and proposing a risk-profile scoring scale for perioperative ischemic complications in carotid endarterectomies.
|
BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy can reduce the risk of stroke in patients with severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, but the benefit of the procedure can be significantly influenced by the risk of perioperative ischemic complications. We conducted a retrospective study in order to assess the safety of the procedure in a low-volume single Neurosurgical Department and identify potential risk factors that are associated with the occurrence of a perioperative ischemic event.METHODS: The records of 218 procedures performed over a period of ten years were reviewed. The records were abstracted for demographics, neurologic history, degree of stenosis, comorbidities and ischemic complications within 30 days of surgery.RESULTS: The overall mortality was zero but 12 patients (5.5%) suffered from a perioperative ischemic event, half of which were non-reversible; four of them had a complete stroke and 2 an amaurosis. A postoperative ischemic complication was more likely for patients with a history of complete stroke (RR, 5.93; 95% CI, 1.7-23.0), contralateral vessel stenosis (RR, 11.6; 95% CI, 1.6-244.0), diabetes mellitus (RR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.13-10.09), hypercholesterolemia (RR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.13-10.44) and hypertriglyceridemia (RR: 4.6; 95% CI: 1.31-12.42). Using these factors we created a scoring system that stratifies patients into low, medium and high risk. All but two of the patients with perioperative ischemic events fall into the high risk group. Patients with the aforementioned risk factors may have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Carotid endarterectomies can be performed with exceptional safety in low-volume-centers, but patients with a history of stroke, contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis and three or more atherosclerotic factors are at a higher risk of perioperative ischemic complications. Our scoring system could prove a valuable tool when weighting the risk-to-benefit ratio for an individual patient.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Comorbidity', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 24,844,171
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E04.100.814.456.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Humoral immune response and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor genotype are associated with better clinical outcome following idiotype vaccination in follicular lymphoma patients regardless of their response to induction chemotherapy.
|
We have reported that anti-idiotype antibody response and FcgammaRIIIa 158 valine/valine (V/V) genotype both correlate with better outcome in a group of 136 follicular lymphoma patients receiving idiotype vaccination after induction chemotherapy. Here, we examined whether this correlation is related in any way to the chemotherapy response. In patients with complete response (CR), the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 69% for patients with antibody response and/or V/V genotype, while the PFS was only 40% for patients with neither; the median time to progression (TTP) was 10.47 versus 3.46 years (P=.012). In patients with partial response (PR), the 5-year PFS was 57% for patients with antibody response and/or V/V genotype, and 17% for patients with neither; the median TTP was not reached versus 1.31 years (P=.001). This study further confirms the strong association of clinical outcome with antibody response and with the functionally more active form of the Fc receptor in patients receiving idiotype vaccination regardless of their response to induction chemotherapy.
|
['Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Genotype', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lymphoma, Follicular', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Receptors, Fc', 'Remission Induction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vaccination']
| 17,032,925
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C04.557.386.480.350', 'C15.604.515.569.480.350', 'C20.683.515.761.480.350'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Role of EjSPL3
|
The age pathway is important for regulating flower bud initiation in flowering plants. The major regulators in this pathway are miR156 and SPL transcription factors. To date, SPL genes have been identified in many species of plants. Loquat, as a woody fruit tree of Rosaceae, is unique in flowering time as it blooms in winter. However, the study of its SPL homologous genes on the regulation mechanism of flowering time is still limited. In this study, four SPL homologs-EjSPL3, EjSPL4, EjSPL5, and EjSPL9-are cloned from loquat, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they share a high sequence similarity with the homologues from other plants, including a highly conserved SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP)-box domain. EjSPL3, EjSPL4, EjSPL5 are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and EjSPL9 is localized only in the nucleus. EjSPL4, EjSPL5, and EjSPL9 can significantly activate the promoters of EjSOC1-1, EjLFY-1, and EjAP1-1; overexpression of EjSPL3, EjSPL4, EjSPL5, and EjSPL9 in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana can promote flowering obviously, and downstream flowering genes expression were upregulated. Our work indicated that the EjSPL3, EjSPL4, EjSPL5, and EjSPL9 transcription factors are speculated to likely participate in flower bud differentiation and other developmental processes in loquat. These findings are helpful to analyze the flowering regulation mechanism of loquat and provide reference for the study of the flowering mechanism of other woody fruit trees.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Eriobotrya', 'Flowers', 'Fruit', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors']
| 31,905,863
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.222'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.765'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.760'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Venous thromboembolism in children: preliminary results of a survey of POSNA members.
|
BACKGROUND: The term venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep venous thrombosis of the extremity and pulmonary embolism, a potentially fatal clinical entity. Although the prevalence of VTE may be lower in children compared with adults, recent reports suggest a possible rise in this diagnosis among pediatric patients, especially in association with certain risk factors. We assessed the clinical experience and practice of members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) related to VTE among their pediatric patients.METHODS: A 36-question online survey was sent to all 636 active POSNA members. The proportion of surgeons who had encountered at least 1 child with VTE and the respondents' practice of using thromboprophylaxis in children (<18 y old) was assessed. The relationship of responders' experience with VTE among pediatric patients with various practice characteristics was evaluated.RESULTS: The response rate was 56% (354/636). More than half (55%) [95% confidence interval (CI), 50%-60%] of the respondents could recall at least 1 (median, 2 cases/member) pediatric patient with deep venous thrombosis and 29% (95% CI, 24%-34%) could recall ?1 child with pulmonary embolism. Approximately one quarter (23%) (95% CI, 18%-27%) of all respondents reported never using mechanical prophylaxis and almost one half (45%) (95% CI, 40%-50%) of respondents reported never using pharmacologic prophylaxis against VTE in children. Only 16% (95% CI, 12%-20%) of the respondents had a thromboprophylaxis protocol for pediatric patients. Respondent characteristics such as being in clinical practice <5 years (P=0.01) and having a surgical volume of <100 cases/y (P=0.03) were associated with a lower likelihood of encountering a pediatric patient with VTE.CONCLUSIONS: More than half of responding active POSNA members reported having come across at least 1 case of VTE among pediatric patients during their practice. The routine use of VTE prophylaxis for children is uncommon among pediatric orthopaedists. Further studies aimed at determining the prevalence of VTE and developing specific guidelines for prophylaxis among pediatric patients seeking orthopaedic care are warranted.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physicians', 'Postoperative Complications', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Societies, Medical', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 23,934,093
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['C23.550.767'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Routine detection of hyperketonemia in dairy cows using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of â-hydroxybutyrate and acetone in milk in combination with test-day information.
|
The objective of this study was to assess the quality of a diagnostic model for the detection of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows at test days. This diagnostic model comprised acetone and â-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in milk, as determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in addition to other available test-day information. Plasma BHBA concentration was determined at a regular test day in 1,678 cows between 5 and 60 d in milk, originating from 118 randomly selected farms in the Netherlands. The observed prevalence of hyperketonemia (defined as plasma BHBA ?1,200 µmol/L) was 11.2%. The value of FTIR predictions of milk acetone and milk BHBA concentrations as single tests for hyperketonemia were found limited, given the relatively large number of false positive test-day results. Therefore, a multivariate logistic regression model with a random herd effect was constructed, using parity, season, milk fat-to-protein ratio, and FTIR predictions of milk acetone and milk BHBA as predictive variables. This diagnostic model had 82.4% sensitivity and 83.8% specificity at the optimal cutoff value (defined as maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity) for the detection of hyperketonemia at test days. Increasing the cutoff value of the model to obtain a specificity of 95% increased the predicted value of a positive test result to 56.5%. Confirmation of test-positive samples with wet chemistry analysis of milk acetone or milk BHBA concentrations (serial testing) improved the diagnostic performance of the test procedure. The presented model was considered not suitable for individual detection of cows with ketosis due to the length of the test-day interval and the low positive predictive values of the investigated test procedures. The diagnostic model is, in our opinion, valuable for herd-level monitoring of hyperketonemia, especially when the model is combined with wet chemistry analysis of milk acetone or milk BHBA concentrations. By using the diagnostic model in combination with wet chemistry milk BHBA analysis, 84% of herds were correctly classified at a 10% alarm-level prevalence. As misclassification of herds may particularly occur when only a limited number of fresh cows are sampled, we suggest using prevalence estimates over several consecutive test days to evaluate feeding and management practices in smaller dairy farms.
|
['3-Hydroxybutyric Acid', 'Acetone', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ketosis', 'Milk', 'Parity', 'Seasons', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 22,916,893
|
[['D02.241.081.114.937.349', 'D02.241.511.429.349', 'D02.522.585.087', 'D10.251.400.143.781.500'], ['D02.522.064'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.076.176.652'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The activity of acid phosphatase and its isoenzymes in patients with food poisonings].
|
Changes in the activity of acid phosphatase (AP) and its isoenzymes (tartrate-insensitive AP and formalin-insensitive AP) were investigated in patients with food poisoning in the course of the disease. The activity of AP and its isoenzymes in the serum started to grow in early convalescence and reached maximum in late convalescence. Total activity of AP in food toxic infections consists primarily of the activity of its platelet fraction. AP activity may serve as an additional criterion to predict vascular platelet involvement of hemostasis.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Clinical Enzyme Tests', 'Female', 'Foodborne Diseases', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lysosomes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Time Factors']
| 9,483,736
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.124.200', 'E05.196.427.200', 'E05.200.124.200'], ['C25.723.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adaptation of anticancer strategies to progress in tumor immunology.
|
The numerical development of cancer cells during tumor growth and under current forms of therapy is quantitatively described as a fundamental of a scientifically founded anticancer strategy. As to general cancer prevention, suppression of metastasis and reduction of recurrencies, figures are derived, which allow one to assess the minimal number of malignant cells to be killed. The killing potency of current tumor-immunological measures has not so far been sufficient enough to have a good chance of achieving these ambitious goals. The main reason for this is the neglect of the oxygen status of the body and its dynamics. This is a surprising fact, since all immunological mechanisms are known to be energy-, i.e., oxygen-dependent. The experimentally confirmed correlation between the effectiveness of body defense and the quality of the oxygen status was the origin of several variants of the oxygen multistep immunostimulation concept (application of immunostimulators combined with the oxygen multistep therapy). Clinical results reflect the remarkable increase of cell-killing potency achievable by these measures and give reasons for the adaptation of anticancer strategies to progress in tumor immunology. Furthermore, real methodological proposals are made for general cancer prevention, suppression of metastasis, and reduction of recurrences, and the concept of a combined therapy is developed. This therapy comprises the currently accepted measures, such as surgery, irradiation and drugs, and the adjuvant O2 multistep immunostimulation, which is applied threefold according to a particular schedule. The advantage of this combination is that the patient comes first into the enjoyment of all the beneficial effects that established regimens can offer for the particular case. Then and moreover, the patient gains better quality of life, because the adverse side-effects of radiation and drugs are attenuated and, finally, the individual gets a fair chance of stopping the progression of the disease.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Adult', 'Cell Survival', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Oxygen']
| 3,367,808
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G04.346'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effects of edible chitosan-based coatings on flavor quality of raw grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during refrigerated storage.
|
This study investigated the effects of chitosan-based coatings on flavor retention of refrigerated grass carp fillets by using various indicators: free amino acids (FAA), nucleotides, trimethylamine (TMA), volatile profile, sensory quality, and electronic nose analysis. The results indicated that chitosan-based coatings contributed to the significant reduction of off-flavor compounds, such as TMA, hypoxanthine (Hx) and histidine, and accumulation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and umami-associated FAA. GC-MS analysis showed 23 volatile organic compounds, including many C5-C9 aldehydes and alcohols in the fresh fillets. The coating treatments, especially chitosan-clove bud essential oil composite coatings, sharply reduced the relative content of off-odor volatiles, such as hexanal, octanal and 1-octen-3-ol. According to the results of the sensory evaluation and electronic nose analyses, chitosan coating combined with glycerol monolaurate and clove bud essential oil was a promising method to improve the edibility of grass carp fillets by maintaining flavor quality during refrigerated storage.
|
['Animals', 'Carps', 'Chitosan', 'Cold Temperature', 'Food Quality', 'Food Storage', 'Taste']
| 29,037,708
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['J01.576.423.850.730', 'N06.850.601'], ['J01.576.423.200.387'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Association of chronic pain with the use of health care services by older adults in Sao Paulo].
|
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association between use of health care services by older adults with chronic pain and sociodemographic and health variables.METHODS: Cross-sectional study whose population sample of 1,271 older adults with chronic pain and with no cognitive deficit was obtained through home surveys in Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil,, in 2006. The study considered pain lasting for six or more months as chronic. The criterion for health care service use was more than four doctor appointments or having been admitted to a hospital during the past year. For those in chronic pain for at least one year, the existence of an association between the use of health care services and independent variables (pain and socio-demographical characteristics and self-reported morbidities) was tested using univariate (RaoScott test of association) and multivariate analysis (Cox Multiple Regression with robust variance). Stata 11.0 was used for the statistical analysis, and the significance level adopted was p < 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of health care service use among older people with pain was 48,0% (95%CI 35.1;52.8) and did not differ from older adults without chronic pain (50.5%, 95%CI 45.1;55.9). The multivariate analysis showed that the chance of using health care services was 33,0% lower for older adults with pain for more than two years than those with pain between one and two years (p = 0.002). The chance was 55,0% higher for those with intense pain (p = 0.003) and 45,0% higher for those with moderate pain interference in the work (p = 0.015).CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain was found to be common and was associated with negative effects on independence and mobility. More intense and recent chronic pain that affected work resulted in greater use of health care services.
|
['Aged', 'Brazil', 'Chronic Pain', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 24,626,496
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C23.888.592.612.274'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Autopsy of a disaster: the Martinez bus accident.
|
On 21 May 1975 a chartered bus carrying 51 members of a student choir rolled from a sharply curved freeway off-ramp and fell 22 feet, landing on its roof, which collapsed. Twenty-nine passengers died (25 before extrication) and 22, plus the driver, survived. An analysis of factors leading up to the accident reveals several contributing causes, among them inadequate design of the ramp, poor warning signs, driver inexperience with the bus, and deficient bus maintenance. Bus design itself contributed to the lethality of the event. Structural support for the roof was inadequate and no access was available to the interior for extrication of victims. Problems with organization at the scene, triage, and communications among agencies involved in the rescue and receiving hospitals contributed to confusion in the transport of victims, although it appears this had little impact on outcome. An analysis of the accident allows several lessons to be learned which might prevent, or reduce, the fatalities from future accidents involving multipassenger vehicles, and other disasters with 10 to 25, or more than 25 fatalities. In the present report ten of 25 killed were judged possibly salvageable with immediate extrication.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'California', 'Disaster Planning', 'Disasters', 'Emergencies', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Humans']
| 7,420,496
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['N06.230.100'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['N02.421.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Upper rate limits for one-to-one auditory-motor coordination involving whole-body oscillation: a study of street dancers and non-dancers.
|
The capacity for auditory-motor coordination (AMC) is shared by several species, among which humans are most flexible in coordinating with tempo changes. We investigated how humans lose this tempo flexibility at their upper rate limit, and the effect of skill level on this phenomenon. Seven skilled street dancers, including a world champion, and 10 non-dancers were instructed to bend their knees according to a metronome beat in a standing position at eight constant beat frequencies (3.8-5 Hz). Although maximum frequency of movement during the task was 4.8 Hz in the non-dancers and 5.0 Hz in the dancers, the rate limit for AMC was 4.1 Hz in the non-dancers and 4.9 Hz in the dancers. These results suggest that the loss of AMC was not due to rate limit of movement execution but rather to a constraint on the AMC process. In addition, mediation analysis revealed that a kinematic bias (i.e. the extent of knee flexion during the task) causally affected the extent of phase wandering via mediating factors (e.g. the extent to which movement frequency was reduced relative to the beat frequency). These results add evidence that gravity acts as constraint on AMC involving vertical rhythmic movement.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Dancing', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance']
| 29,967,217
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['I03.450.642.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Factors associated with delay in seeking care for acute decompensated heart failure.
|
BACKGROUND: Despite reports that persons with heart failure (HF) symptoms delay up to 7 days before seeking treatment, few studies have prospectively explored specific factors influencing treatment-seeking delay in this population.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore how factors related to the symptom experience, such as perception (number and intensity), evaluation (attribution and understanding), and response (behaviors of patients and others) influence delay in seeking treatment for symptoms of acute decompensated HF.METHODS: Patients hospitalized for acute HF were enrolled into an exploratory, descriptive study. Only those who had HF for 3 months or longer and a previous HF admission were eligible. Data on factors related to the symptom experience, response to symptoms, and delay time were collected by interview during hospitalization. Delay time measured in hours was analyzed using generalized linear modeling.RESULTS: The sample of 131 adults was predominately older (77 ± 11.3 years) men (55.7%). The median delay time was 60 hours (2.5 days), with a range of 1 to 336 hours (14 days). Only 34 (25.9%) sought care in less than 12 hours. Three variables were statistically significant determinants of long delay time-waiting to see if the symptoms would abate, receiving a passive response to symptoms from others, and living in a rural environment. These variables explained 13.9% of the variance in delay time. Clinical characteristics were not significant predictors of delay.CONCLUSIONS: The response of patients (wait-and-see) and others (eg, don't worry) contributed to delay, as did living in a rural environment. Evaluative characteristics of attribution and understanding were not significant determinants of delay, suggesting that patient education alone will not effectively decrease delay. Instead, interventions directed toward decision making in response to symptoms and inclusion of family members in such discussions may be more effective.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Watchful Waiting']
| 24,088,620
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N04.761.559.590.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Non-linear dynamics of cardiac autonomic activity during cycling exercise with varied cadence.
|
In recent years, complex models of cardiac regulation have integrated heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of the cardiac autonomic activity during exercise. Using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) technique, the present study examines the influence of cycling cadence and exercise duration on non-linear dynamics of HRV. Sixteen trained cyclists performed a 60-minute exercise bout at 90% of the individual anaerobic threshold on a bicycle ergometer. Cadence was changed every 10 min (90-120-60-120-60-90 rpm). Heart rate (HR) and RR-intervals were recorded continuously during exercise. HRV time domain measures (meanRR, SDNN) and correlation properties were analyzed using short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of DFA. Moreover, blood lactate (La) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at regular intervals at the end of condition. HR, La and RPE increased significantly at 120 rpm compared to 60 rpm. In contrast, all analyzed HRV parameters (meanRR, SDNN, DFA-alpha1) showed a significant decrease during cycling at 120 rpm compared to 60 rpm. The comparison of the first and last 10 min with the same cadence indicates a significant increase in HR and RPE, but also a significant decrease in all analyzed HRV measures. The decrease of HRV values over time and in relation to the increase in cadence indicates a decrease in the overall variability as well as a reduction in complexity of the RR-interval-fluctuations due to the increased organismic demands. Therefore, the decrease of DFA-alpha1 might be associated with a withdrawal of the organismic system aiming at the maintenance of the homeostasis under the control of the central nervous system. In this context, non-linear HRV analyses provide a more systemic view of cardiac regulation during exercise.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Anaerobic Threshold', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Bicycling', 'Exercise Test', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Physical Exertion']
| 29,966,866
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['G03.680.110', 'G11.427.680.134'], ['A08.800.050'], ['I03.450.642.845.140'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['A07.541'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['G11.427.683']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid acute amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity in a burn patient.
|
Acute burn and trauma patients have a higher frequency of cardiac arrhythmias than would be expected for noncardiac-hospitalized patients. Amiodarone is an effective, commonly used drug for cardiac arrhythmias in this patient population. We present a 54-year-old white man treated in the burn intensive care unit for 70% TBSA burns. The patient developed an acute increase in liver enzymes within days of starting intravenous amiodarone for the control of atrial fibrillation. A full radiologic hepatobiliary investigation did not reveal a source for hepatotoxicity. Discontinuation of amiodarone resulted in a rapid decrease in liver enzyme levels to baseline values. It is important to identify amiodarone as a potential cause of severe hepatotoxicity in burn patients, despite short duration of use and a low cumulative dose.
|
['Amiodarone', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Burns', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,006,841
|
[['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['C26.200'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Utility of multidetector-row computed tomography and ultrasonography for preoperative planning in a patient with a history of a right gastroepiploic artery CABG undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
|
INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard procedure for acute cholecystitis.METHODS: This procedure, however, is challenging to perform in patients who have had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA).RESULTS: We completed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis without intraoperative or postoperative cardiac complications in a patient with a history of an RGEA CABG.CONCLUSIONS: A critical factor for avoiding disruption to the graft was preoperatively delineating the vascular anatomy of the RGEA graft with a multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) with 3D-CT angiography and ultrasonography.
|
['Aged', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Cholecystitis, Acute', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Gastroepiploic Artery', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multidetector Computed Tomography', 'Preoperative Care', 'Ultrasonography']
| 21,484,482
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['C06.130.564.263.500'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['A07.015.114.379'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800.249', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800.249'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rhodiola rosea for mental and physical fatigue in nursing students: a randomized controlled trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Fatigue is one of many unintended consequences of shift work in the nursing profession. Natural health products (NHPs) for fatigue are becoming an increasingly popular topic of clinical study; one such NHP is Rhodiola rosea. A well-designed, rigorously conducted randomized controlled trial is required before therapeutic claims for this product can be made.OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of R. rosea with placebo for reducing fatigue in nursing students on shift work.DESIGN: A parallel-group randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 18-55 year old students from the Faculty of Nursing from the University of Alberta, participating in clinical rotations between January 2011 and September 2011.INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to take 364 mg of either R. rosea or identical placebo at the start of their wakeful period and up to one additional capsule within the following four hours on a daily basis over a 42-day period.OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was reduction in fatigue over the 42-day trial period measured using the Vitality-subscale of the RAND-36, cross-validated by the visual analogue scale for fatigue (VAS-F). Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life, individualized outcomes assessment, and adverse events.RESULTS: A total of 48 participants were randomized to R. rosea (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24). The mean change in scores on the Vitality-subscale was significantly different between the study groups at day 42 in favor of placebo (-17.3 (95% CI -30.6, -3.9), p = 0.011), The mean change in scores on the VAS-F was also significantly difference between study groups at day 42 in favour of placebo (1.9 (95% CI 0.4, 3.5), p = 0.015). Total number of adverse events did not differ between R. rosea and placebo groups.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that among nursing students on shift work, a 42-day course of R. Rosea compared with placebo worsened fatigue; however, the results should be interpreted with caution.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01278992.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plant Preparations', 'Plant Roots', 'Quality of Life', 'Rhodiola', 'Students, Nursing', 'Treatment Failure']
| 25,268,730
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D20.215.784'], ['A18.400'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.249.500'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mastitis and toxic shock syndrome (tampon disease).
|
The present report draws attention to the toxic shock syndrome in combination with non-menstruation-associated disease. A patient with mastitis and TSS is described. The relevant literature is reviewed and discussed in relation to this patient. Physicians should be alert for TSS when a patient presents with non-understood shock and fever in the absence of positive blood cultures, even when there is no relation to menstruation or no history of previous use of tampons.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mastitis', 'Menstrual Hygiene Products', 'Menstruation', 'Shock, Septic', 'Staphylococcal Infections']
| 4,047,437
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.844.603', 'C17.800.090.968'], ['E07.357.500'], ['G08.686.605.428'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['C01.150.252.410.868']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Predictive factors for disability pension--an 11-year follow up of young persons on sick leave due to neck, shoulder, or back diagnoses.
|
AIMS: Although back diagnoses are recurrent and the main diagnoses behind sickness absence and disability pension surprisingly few longitudinal studies have been performed. This study identifies predictive factors for disability pension among young persons initially sick-listed with back diagnoses.METHODS: An 11-year prospective cohort study was conducted, including all individuals in a Swedish city who, in 1985, were aged 25-34 and sick-listed > or =28 days owing to neck, shoulder, or back diagnoses (n = 213). The following data was obtained: disability pension, emigration, and death for 1985-96, sickness absence for 1982-84, and demographics in 1985 regarding sex, income, occupation, marital status, diagnosis, socioeconomic group, and citizenship. Cox regression and life tables were used in the analyses.RESULTS: In 1996, i.e. within 11 years, 22% of the individuals (27% of the women and 14% of the men) had been granted disability pension. The relative risk for disability pension was higher for women (2.4; p = 0.010), persons with foreign citizenship (3.6; p=0.009), and those who had had >14 sick-leave days per spell during the three years before inclusion, compared to those with <7 days/spell (3.1; p=0.003).CONCLUSIONS: This cohort of young persons proved to be a high-risk group for disability pension. Some of the factors known to predict long-time sickness absence also predict disability pension in a cohort of already sick-listed persons.
|
['Adult', 'Back', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Disability', 'Life Tables', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Neck', 'Occupations', 'Pensions', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Shoulder', 'Sick Leave', 'Survival Analysis', 'Sweden', 'Work Capacity Evaluation']
| 11,484,862
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.923.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.300'], ['E05.318.308.985.475', 'E05.318.740.100.500', 'N01.224.935.530', 'N06.850.505.400.975.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.475'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A01.598'], ['N01.824.547'], ['N01.824.417.510'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A01.378.800.750'], ['N01.824.417.700.662', 'N04.452.677.800.662'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['E01.370.400.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mitral Leaflet Changes Following Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Evidence for Maladaptive Valvular Remodeling.
|
BACKGROUND: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is classically ascribed to functional restriction of normal leaflets, but recent studies have suggested post-myocardial infarction (MI) mitral valve (MV) leaflet fibrosis and thickening, challenging valve normality. Progression of leaflet thickness post-MI has not been studied. We hypothesized that excessive MV remodeling post-MI contributes to MR. Our objectives are to characterize MV changes after MI and relate them to MR.METHODS AND RESULTS: Three groups of 40 patients with serial echocardiograms over a mean of 23.4 months were identified from an echocardiography database: patients first studied early (6±12 days) and late (12±7 years) after an inferior MI and normal controls. MV thickness was correlated with MR. We studied the mechanisms for MV changes in a sheep model (6 apical MI versus 6 controls) followed for 8 weeks, with MV cellular and histopathologic analyses. Early post-MI, leaflet thickness was found to be similar to controls (2.6±0.5 vs 2.5±0.4 mm; P=0.23) but significantly increased over time (2.5±0.4 to 2.9±0.4 mm; P<0.01). In this group, patients tolerating maximal doses of renin-angiotensin blocking agents had less thickening (25% of patients; P<0.01). The late-MI group had increased thickness (3.2±0.5 vs 2.5±0.4 mm; P<0.01) without progression. At follow-up, 48% of post-MI patients had more than mild MR. Increased thickness was independently associated with MR. Experimentally, 8 weeks post-MI, MVs were 2-fold thicker than controls, with increased collagen, profibrotic transforming growth factor-â, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, confirmed by flow cytometry.CONCLUSIONS: MV thickness increases post-MI and correlates with MR, suggesting an organic component to ischemic MR. MV fibrotic remodeling can indicate directions for future therapy.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Collagen', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Color', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sheep, Domestic', 'Time Factors', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 29,042,413
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.220'], ['G04.356.500'], ['C23.550.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791.150'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of Cd-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis MCC3089 and its potential for rice seedling growth promotion under Cd stress.
|
Application of heavy metal resistant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria has an important role as they help to evade metal-induced toxicity in plants on one hand and enhance plant growth on the other. The present study is therefore focused on the characterization of a cadmium resistant bacterial strain isolated from heavy metal contaminated rhizospheric soil designated as S8. This S8 strain was selected in terms of cadmium resistance and plant growth promoting traits. Moreover, it also showed resistance to lead and arsenic to a considerable extent. The selected strain S8 was identified as Klebsiella michiganensis by modern approaches of bacterial taxonomy. The plant growth promoting traits exhibited by the strain include 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity (58.33 ng á-keto butyrate/mg protein/h), Indole-3-acetic acid production (671 ìg/ml), phosphate solubilization (71.98 ppm), nitrogen fixation (3.72 ìg of nitrogen fixed/h/mg protein) etc. Besides, the strain also exhibited high cadmium removal efficiency (73-97%) from the medium and intracellular accumulation as well. Its efficiency to alleviate cadmium-induced toxicity was determined against a rice cultivar in terms of morphological and biochemical changes. Enhanced growth and reduced oxidative stress were detected in presence of the bacterium. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that K. michiganensis strain S8 is cadmium accumulating plant growth promoting rhizobacterium that can be applied in cadmium contaminated agricultural soil to achieve better productivity of rice.
|
['Amylases', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Cadmium', 'Chlorophyll', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Ethylenes', 'India', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Klebsiella', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Nitrogen Fixation', 'Oryza', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Phosphates', 'Plant Development', 'Plant Roots', 'Rhizosphere', 'Seedlings', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 29,625,654
|
[['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['D12.776.097'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D02.455.326.271.367'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['B03.440.450.425.425', 'B03.660.250.150.400'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.071.630', 'G02.111.587.750', 'G02.607.560.750', 'G03.087.630', 'G06.625', 'G16.500.768.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['A18.400'], ['G16.500.275.157.625', 'G16.500.853', 'N06.230.124.437'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Prognostic factors in primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--results of uni- and multivariate analysis].
|
Retrospectively analyzed data of 41 patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma which were all treated by gastric resection are presented with regard to their histopathologic and clinical findings. 87% of the patients were distributed on stage EI and EII (51% high-grade and 49% low-grade lymphoma). R0 resection was achieved in 80% of our cases and in 27% of the cases gastric resection was part of a multimodal therapy. The median follow up of the living patients was 42 months, the overall 5-year survival rate 74%. Tumor stage, extent of surgical resection, histologic grade, tumor site, R0-resection and tumor size showed a significant prognostic influence on survival. The question whether R0 resectable cases benefit from an adjuvant therapy must be answered by further randomized studies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate']
| 8,259,731
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of alterations of WFDC1, a new putative tumour suppressor gene, in hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
WFDC1 is a recently isolated human gene identified as a tumour suppressor gene candidate. It is not known whether alterations in this gene are associated with human cancers. The WFDC1 gene maps in human chromosome 16q24, an area of frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in several tumour types, in particular in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated its role in 46 European HCC by means of the detection of LOH at the WFDC1 locus. We describe here an assay for the detection of loss of heterozygosity at this locus using two dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms identified in WFDC1 introns, with a combined informativity of 86%. LOH was observed in 4/40 informative HCC samples. We further investigated the role of WFDC1 as a tumour suppressor gene candidate in five hepatocellular cell lines and in tumours exhibiting LOH by means of mutation, promoter methylation and gene expression analysis. In HCC samples showing LOH, no mutation of the remaining allele was observed. No significant up or down gene expression was observed in tumour samples comparatively to normal liver and gene expression did not seem related to promoter methylation. These results suggest a minor role, if any, of WFDC1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, this approach might be useful for investigating the role of this candidate tumour suppressor gene in other tumour types.
|
['Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Dinucleotide Repeats', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proteins', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 12,032,731
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.420', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.420'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.150', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.150', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.150'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['G05.365.590.029.530'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Influence of breast feeding on nutritional development of infants with persistent diarrhea].
|
The evolution of some nutritional anthropometric indicators was studied in a 115 breast-feeding infants (52 received breast-feeding during the first four months of life (120 days) exclusively and 63 mixed feeding). Breast feeding infants showed sustained weight increment during the four weeks of evolution. The multivariate repeated measures analysis performed, proved significant changes during evolution's time in all studied indicator in lineal form, as well as interaction between type of feeding and indicators evolution except the subescapular fat fold. Author concluded that it should be reinforced the breast-feeding practice promotion as an effective way for the nutritional recovery of breast-feeding infants with persistent diarrhoea.
|
['Anthropometry', 'Breast Feeding', 'Diarrhea, Infantile', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Food', 'Nutritional Status', 'Sampling Studies']
| 7,660,726
|
[['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['C23.888.821.214.500'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.203.300.525.500', 'J02.500.525.500'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pulmonary oat cell carcinomas. Expression of plasma membrane antigen correlated with presence of cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules.
|
A plasma membrane antigen highly associated with pulmonary oat cell carcinoma has recently been identified. Expression of this surface antigen was now examined in routine surgical pathology material from 32 primary lung tumors by immunostaining. The staining patterns of 17 tumors diagnosed as oat cell carcinoma by light microscopy were compared to those of 10 epidermoid carcinomas, four carcinoid tumors, and one lymphocytic lymphoma. In addition, when available, the oat cell carcinoma group was also studied by electron microscopy for demonstration of cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules. Twelve of the 17 oat cell carcinomas and one of the epidermoid carcinomas expressed the antigen. In this group of small cell tumors of the lung, aggrement was found between the expression of this immunochemical marker and the presence of neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumors. Demonstration of this surface antigen in routine surgical pathologic material may be a useful aid in the diagnosis of these tumors. The failure of a group of tumors, which satisfied the light microscopic criteria for oat cell carcinoma to stain for the antigen, demonstrates heterogeneity within the oat cell carcinoma group.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Humans', 'Immune Sera', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Neurosecretion']
| 228,116
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia.
|
OBJECTIVE: We describe the prevalence, clinical correlates, and prognostic significance of spontaneous dyskinesias among 100 patients with schizophrenia from the Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study who had never received treatment with neuroleptic agents up to and including the baseline assessment.DESIGN: Extensive case records were screened and descriptions of abnormal movements were recorded verbatim for blind rating. Neuroleptic-naive patients with and without abnormal oral-facial movements were compared across sign and symptom, schizophrenia subtype, and illness natural history variables.RESULTS: Excluding three patients with motor symptoms who had a history of neurologic illness or injury and three who had received prochlorperazine maleate therapy (Compazine), 23% of patient records documented some form of movement disorder; 15% documented oral-facial dyskinesias with sufficient detail so that their presence was considered nearly certain. Compared with patients with schizophrenia without oral-facial movements, patients with oral-facial dyskinesias were more likely to demonstrate a lower IQ score, had more negative symptoms at index admission, and were more symptomatic at follow-up an average of 23 years later. Both the classic hebephrenic schizophrenia subtype and Carpenter's Criteria for the Deficit Syndrome defined high-risk groups for spontaneous oral-facial dyskinesia.CONCLUSIONS: In previous studies, intellectual impairment and negative symptoms have been described as risk factors for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. The present data, however, suggest that in many cases oral-facial dyskinesias in patients with intellectual impairment and negative symptoms may actually represent spontaneous movement disorders associated with hebephrenic or deficit forms of schizophrenia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Comorbidity', 'Dopamine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Records', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement Disorders', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology']
| 8,042,913
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.662'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Incidence and main factors associated with early unplanned hospital readmission among French medical inpatients aged 75 and over admitted through emergency units.
|
BACKGROUND: among elderly patients, readmission in the month following hospital discharge is a frequent occurrence which involves a risk of functional decline, particularly among frail subjects. While previous studies have identified risk factors of early readmission, geriatric syndromes, as markers of frailty have not been assessed as potential predictors.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the risk of early unplanned readmission, and to identify predictors in inpatients aged 75 and over, admitted to medical wards through emergency departments.DESIGN: prospective multi-centre study.SETTING: nine French hospitals.SUBJECTS: one thousand three hundred and six medical inpatients, aged 75 and older admitted through emergency departments (SAFES cohort).METHODS: using logistic regressions, factors associated with early unplanned re-hospitalisation (defined as first unplanned readmission in the thirty days after discharge) were identified using data from the first week of hospital index stay obtained by comprehensive geriatric assessment.RESULTS: data from a thousand out of 1,306 inpatients were analysed. Early unplanned readmission occurred in 14.2% of inpatients and was not related with sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity burden or cognitive impairment. Pressure sores (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.0-3.9), poor overall condition (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.3-3.0), recent loss of ability for self-feeding (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-2.9), prior hospitalisation during the last 3 months (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.5) were found to be risk factors, while sight disorders appeared as negatively associated (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3--0.8).CONCLUSIONS: markers of frailty (poor overall condition, pressure sores, prior hospitalisation) or severe disability (for self-feeding) were the most important predictors of early readmission among elderly medical inpatients. Early identification could facilitate preventive strategies in risk group.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Comorbidity', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Frail Elderly', 'France', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Geriatrics', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Logistic Models', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Patient Readmission', 'Risk Factors']
| 18,487,268
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['M01.060.116.100.540'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['H02.403.355'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Infiltrating (intramuscular) lipomas and angiolipomas. A clinicopathologic study of six cases.
|
Infiltrating (intramuscular) lipomas and angiolipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that usually appear as a deep, nontender mass within soft tissue, particularly in the extremities. The average tumor size in six cases studied was 11.2 cm (range, 2.0 to 22.0 cm). On gross examination, these tumors are circumscribed but unencapsulated, with infiltration of adjacent skeletal muscle. The correct preoperative diagnosis is seldom made, and the characteristic infiltrating pattern seen microscopically can lead to a mistaken diagnosis of sarcoma. Soft-tissue roentgenograms can be helpful in diagnosis and localization. The recommended mode of therapy is complete local excision with tumor-free soft-tissue margins. None of the six patients described here have experienced recurrence of tumor an average of two years after surgical resection. Prolonged follow-up is recommended, however, since inadequate resection can result in late tumor recurrence.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Lipoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Radiography', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms']
| 7,356,383
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C04.588.839']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Attenuation of Synaptic Potentials in Dendritic Spines.
|
Dendritic spines receive the majority of excitatory inputs in many mammalian neurons, but their biophysical properties and exact role in dendritic integration are still unclear. Here, we study spine electrical properties in cultured hippocampal neurons using an improved genetically encoded voltage indicator (ArcLight) and two-photon glutamate uncaging. We find that back-propagating action potentials (bAPs) fully invade dendritic spines. However, uncaging excitatory post-synaptic potentials (uEPSPs) generated by glutamate photorelease, ranging from 4 to 27 mV in amplitude, are attenuated by up to 4-fold as they propagate to the parent dendrites. Finally, the simultaneous occurrence of bAPs and uEPSPs results in sublinear summation of membrane potential. Our results demonstrate that spines can behave as electric compartments, reducing the synaptic inputs injected into the cell, while receiving bAPs are unmodified. The attenuation of EPSPs by spines could have important repercussions for synaptic plasticity and dendritic integration.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Dendritic Spines', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton', 'Synaptic Potentials']
| 28,768,195
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.256.200', 'A11.284.180.225.169', 'A11.671.240.169'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458.500', 'E01.370.350.515.717.250', 'E05.595.458.500', 'E05.595.717.250'], ['G04.580.887', 'G07.265.675.887', 'G07.265.880.750', 'G11.561.570.918', 'G11.561.830.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors FLA-57 and FLA-63 on ethanol metabolism and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in rats.
|
In rats pretreated with the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-inhibitors FLA-57 and FLA-63 (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 4 and 18 hrs), no effects on the blood acetaldehyde level after ethanol administration or on the activity of the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were found. FLA-63 but not FLA-57 decreased the rate of ethanol elimination. FLA-63 inhibited the low-Km enzyme in vitro, but much less than the ALDH-inhibitors disulfiram and cyanamide. FLA-57 caused no inhibition in vitro. The results show that the previously observed suppression of ethanol intake in rats by FLA-57 and FLA-63 was not caused by an acetaldehyde-mediated aversion such as during the disulfiram-ethanol reaction.
|
['Aldehyde Dehydrogenase', 'Aldehyde Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Azepines', 'Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide', 'Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase', 'Ethanol', 'Imidazoles', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 7,136,724
|
[['D08.811.682.657.163.249'], ['D08.811.682.657.163'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.066'], ['D03.383.129.308.090'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.292'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perinatal outcomes after maternal 2009/H1N1 infection: national cohort study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To follow up a UK national cohort of women admitted to hospital with confirmed 2009/H1N1 influenza in pregnancy in order to obtain a complete picture of pregnancy outcomes and estimate the risks of adverse fetal and infant outcomes.DESIGN: National cohort study.SETTING: 221 hospitals with obstetrician led maternity units in the UK.PARTICIPANTS: 256 women admitted to hospital with confirmed 2009/H1N1 in pregnancy during the second wave of pandemic infection between September 2009 and January 2010; 1220 pregnant women for comparison.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of stillbirth, perinatal mortality, and neonatal mortality; odds ratios for infected versus comparison women.RESULTS: Perinatal mortality was higher in infants born to infected women (10 deaths among 256 infants; rate 39 (95% confidence interval 19 to 71) per 1000 total births) than in infants of uninfected women (9 deaths among 1233 infants; rate 7 (3 to 13) per 1000 total births) (P < 0.001). This was principally explained by an increase in the rate of stillbirth (27 per 1000 total births v 6 per 1000 total births; P = 0.001). Infants of infected women were also more likely to be born prematurely than were infants of comparison women (adjusted odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 5.9). Infected women who delivered preterm were more likely to be infected in their third trimester (P = 0.046), to have been admitted to an intensive care unit (P < 0.001), and to have a secondary pneumonia (P = 0.001) than were those who delivered at term.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests an increase in the risk of poor outcomes of pregnancy in women infected with 2009/H1N1, which reinforces the message from studies of maternal risk alone. The health of pregnant women is an important public health priority in future waves of this and other influenza pandemics.
|
['Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'United Kingdom']
| 21,672,992
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Correlation between power Doppler ultrasonography and clinical severity in Achilles tendinopathy.
|
Twenty-five patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy were clinically and ultrasonographically evaluated. A positive correlation existed between power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) and tendon thickness (r=0.63, p<0.001) and patient's age (r=0.40, p<0.05). A negative correlation existed between PDU and a functional test (number of toe raises to pain) (r=-0.57, p<0.005) and one recorded item of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Achilles score (VISA-A questionnaire, item 6: jumping capability) (r=-0.46, p<0.05). Three patients had no detectable blood flow on PDU. PDU of Achilles tendons does not seem to be strictly related to symptoms but rather to functionality and chronicity of tendinopathy as indicated by toe-raises testing, jumping capability, patient age and tendon thickening.
|
['Achilles Tendon', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sampling Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tendinopathy', 'Tendon Injuries', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex']
| 12,799,763
|
[['A02.880.176'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C05.651.869', 'C26.874.800'], ['C26.874'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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Peptide receptor chemoradionuclide therapy in small cell carcinoma: from bench to bedside.
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PURPOSE: Small cell cancers (SmCC), whether pulmonary (SCLC) or extrapulmonary, have a poor prognosis unless localised at diagnosis. Given a proportion of these cancers express somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2), we aimed to investigate the efficacy of targeted peptide receptor chemoradionuclide therapy (PRCRT).METHODS: In this preclinical study, we used a SCLC xenograft mouse model with high expression of SSTR2 to investigate the effect of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with chemotherapy compared to either alone. We subsequently explored the clinical utility in a patient with SmCC with high SSTR expression treated with PRCRT.RESULTS: Robust expression of SSTR2 in NCI-H69 SCLC xenografts was documented by (68)Ga-DOTA-octreotate (GaTate) (tumour to background uptake ratio = 35). The combination of PRRT using (177)Lu-DOTA-octreotate (LuTate) with carboplatin/etoposide (C/E) chemotherapy was more effective than either LuTate or C/E alone for regression of the NCI-H69 model (p value < 0.05). PRCRT was associated with significantly prolonged survival versus PRRT (p value = 0.0001) or chemotherapy alone (p value = 0.0058). In the subsequent case study, a patient with relapsed SmCC with high SSTR2 expression on GaTate PET underwent PRCRT with radiosensitising etoposide with evidence of a complete metabolic response for 4 months.CONCLUSION: Given the limited treatment options in this setting, PRCRT is a promising therapeutic option for SSTR2-expressing SmCC.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carboplatin', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Middle Aged', 'Octreotide', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Receptors, Somatostatin', 'Small Cell Lung Carcinoma', 'Translational Medical Research']
| 25,125,202
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.257.125'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['D02.691'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.850', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.800'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.624', 'C08.381.540.140.750', 'C08.785.520.100.220.750'], ['H01.770.644.145.675']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Identification of drought tolerance determinants by genetic analysis of root response to drought stress and abscisic Acid.
|
Drought stress is a common adverse environmental condition that seriously affects crop productivity worldwide. Due to the complexity of drought as a stress signal, deciphering drought tolerance mechanisms has remained a major challenge to plant biologists. To develop new approaches to study plant drought tolerance, we searched for phenotypes conferred by drought stress and identified the inhibition of lateral root development by drought stress as an adaptive response to the stress. This drought response is partly mediated by the phytohormone abscisic acid. Genetic screens using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were devised, and drought inhibition of lateral root growth (dig) mutants with altered responses to drought or abscisic acid in lateral root development were isolated. Characterization of these dig mutants revealed that they also exhibit altered drought stress tolerance, indicating that this root response to drought stress is intimately linked to drought adaptation of the entire plant and can be used as a trait to access the elusive drought tolerance machinery. Our study also revealed that multiple mechanisms coexist and together contribute to whole-plant drought tolerance.
|
['Abscisic Acid', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Desiccation', 'Disasters', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Mannitol', 'Mutation', 'Plant Roots', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 16,963,523
|
[['D02.241.223.268.034', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.061', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.024', 'D02.455.849.131.061', 'D02.455.849.765.521.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['E05.196.335', 'G02.176'], ['N06.230.100'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A18.400'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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