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[Effect of interoceptive stimulation of the stomach on photically evoked potentials of the visual cortex with reference to blood pressure and heart rate in the cat].
|
In ten chloralose narcotized, relaxed and constantly oxygenated cats the stomachs were dilated with two different pressures in acute experiments. Photically evoked potentials (PEP) were derived from the visual cortex of the animals. The aim of the work was to find out in which respect the processing of an exteroreceptive stimulus (light stimulus of only 200 ms) in the visual analyzer can be influenced by an interoceptive stimulation. Besides, it had to be established to which extent the visceral stimulation leads to a change of other vegetative parameters. Qualitative alterations of different PEP-parameters, blood pressure and heart rate of the experimental animals were examined at different stomach pressures. Changes of the positive and negative amplitudes and the time of the negative component of the primary complex of the evoked potential have been observed. Moreover, there could be registered an increase in blood pressure depending on the height of stomach pressure. The heart rate was not influenced. Further studies will have to clarify whether the changes of the PEP are produced by the interoreceptive stimulus or by the changes of blood pressure or respiration.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cats', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Pressure', 'Stomach', 'Visual Cortex']
| 7,170,864
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.723.729'], ['G01.374.715'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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|
Structure of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances at different pH values as determined by SAXS.
|
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play an important role in cell aggregation, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation, and protect cells from a hostile environment. The EPS was isolated by trichloroacetic acid/ethanol extraction from broth culture of a marine bacterium isolate. The EPS was composed of glucose and galactose as determined by HPLC and TLC; the protein content was on average 15 +/- 5% of EPS dry mass. The solution structure of EPS at different values of pH was revealed by small-angle x-ray scattering. Scattering curves of EPS solutions (0.4%, w/v) consistently showed two nearly linear log-log regions with slopes a and b in the q-ranges from 0.06 nm(-1) to 0.26 nm(-1), and from 0.27 nm(-1) to 0.88 nm(-1), respectively. Slope a was sensitive to pH changes whereas slope b was not. The observed sensitivity to pH was not a consequence of ionic strength variation with pH, as checked by salt addition. The pH variation causes major rearrangements of EPS structure mainly at length scales above 24 nm. To get a better understanding of the pH effect on EPS structure, the original model proposed by Geissler was refined into a mathematical model that enabled fitting of the experimental scattering curves in the pH range from 0.7 to 11.0. The model describes EPS structure as a network of randomly coiled polymeric chains with denser domains of polymeric chains. The results obtained from the model indicate that dense domains increase in average size from 19 nm at pH 11.0 to 52 nm at pH 0.7. The average distance between the polysaccharide chains at pH 0.7 was 2.3 nm, which indicates a compact EPS structure. Swelling was found to be at a maximum around pH = 8.8, where the average distance between the chains was 4.8 nm.
|
['Biopolymers', 'Computer Simulation', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Glucose', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial']
| 16,085,763
|
[['D05.750.078', 'D25.720.099', 'J01.637.051.720.099'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['A11.284.295.260', 'A12.207.270'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.300'], ['D05'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antisaccade performance in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder.
|
The authors examined psychotic patients with schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder; "normal" participants; and 1st-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia on an antisaccade task in which participants were instructed to move their eyes in the opposite direction of a target that moved unpredictably and abruptly either to the left or right of central fixation. Patients with schizophrenia were found to make significantly more errors than their relatives, and the latter made more errors than the controls. The poor performance of the relatives could not be attributed to their having a psychiatric disorder. Comparison of the 3 patient groups indicated that antisaccade deficits were more pronounced in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Saccades', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Sex Factors']
| 9,241,948
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F03.084.500'], ['F03.600.300'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G14.350.500'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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|
Lack of bioequivalence between different formulations of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine and the fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine: the V-HeFT paradox.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the apparent discrepancy between the efficacy of the combination of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and hydralazine demonstrated in the first V-HeFT trial (V-HeFT I) and that in V-HeFT II could be explained by pharmacokinetic differences in the study drug formulations, and to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of the fixed-dose combination of ISDN/hydralazine (FDC ISDN/HYD; BiDil) formulation used in A-HeFT with that of the V-HeFT study drug formulations.STUDY PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A bioequivalence study was performed (n = 18-19 per group) comparing the ISDN and hydralazine formulations used in V-HeFT I, V-HeFT II and A-HeFT in healthy volunteer men and women aged 18-40 years. In phase A of the study, subjects received a reference solution of hydralazine hydrochloride/ISDN (37.5mg/10mg) orally. Slow acetylators were identified and randomised into three groups in phase B to receive a single oral dose of identical amounts of hydralazine hydrochloride/ISDN (37.5mg/10mg) from either (i) a hydralazine capsule plus an ISDN tablet (the V-HeFT I formulation); (ii) a hydralazine tablet plus an ISDN tablet (the V-HeFT II formulation); or (iii) FDC ISDN/HYD (the A-HeFT formulation). Blood/plasma concentrations of hydralazine and ISDN were determined from the blood samples taken between 0 and 36 hours.RESULTS: In phase B, the maximum observed concentrations (C(max)) were 65.9 +/- 53.9, 28.2 +/- 15.8 and 51.5 +/- 54.3 ng/mL of unchanged hydralazine, and 23.1 +/- 12.3, 21.7 +/- 13.4 and 26.7 +/- 18.7 ng/mL of ISDN for the V-HeFT I, V-HeFT II and A-HeFT formulations, respectively. The area under the blood/plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values were 32.6 +/- 13.4, 23.3 +/- 15.1 and 32.6 +/- 18.5 ng x h/mL of hydralazine, and 24.4 +/- 9.0, 24.8 +/- 8.0 and 23.5 +/- 6.3 ng x h/mL of ISDN for the V-HeFT I, V-HeFT II and A-HeFT formulations, respectively. For comparison of bioequivalence, the C(max) and AUC were normalised to 65kg bodyweight, and point estimates and 90% confidence intervals of the C(max) ratios, AUC ratios and ratios of the AUC in phase B normalised for clearance by the AUC in phase A (AUCR) were calculated. The three formulations were not bioequivalent based on the C(max) and AUC comparisons.CONCLUSIONS: The blood concentrations of hydralazine obtained with the tablet formulation tested in V-HeFT II were markedly lower than those obtained with the capsule formulation tested in V-HeFT I or the FDC ISDN/HYD single tablet used in A-HeFT. The apparently modest effect on survival observed in V-HeFT II could be explained in part by the poor hydralazine bioavailability of the tablet preparation used in this trial. ISDN exposures were similar in the two trials. The ISDN-hydralazine formulation used in V-HeFT II was not bioequivalent to the formulation used in V-HeFT I or to the FDC ISDN/HYD that had demonstrated a significant survival benefit in A-HeFT.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biological Availability', 'Capsules', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dosage Forms', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydralazine', 'Isosorbide Dinitrate', 'Male', 'Tablets', 'Therapeutic Equivalency', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 17,854,237
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D26.255.150'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['D26.255', 'E05.916.250'], ['D26.310'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.710.605.500'], ['D02.033.800.813.480.500', 'D09.853.813.480.500'], ['D26.255.830'], ['G03.787.559', 'G07.690.725.898'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing three alternative bearing surfaces in primary total hip replacement.
|
The ideal bearing surface for young patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) remains controversial. We report the five-year results of a randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical and radiological outcomes of 102 THRs in 91 patients who were < 65 years of age. These patients were randomised to receive a cobalt-chrome on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, cobalt-chrome on highly cross-linked polyethylene, or a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing. In all, 97 hip replacements in 87 patients were available for review at five years. Two hips had been revised, one for infection and one for peri-prosthetic fracture. At the final follow-up there were no significant differences between the groups for the mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (pain, p = 0.543; function, p = 0.10; stiffness, p = 0.99), Short Form-12 (physical component, p = 0.878; mental component, p = 0.818) or Harris hip scores (p = 0.22). Radiological outcomes revealed no significant wear in the ceramic group. Comparison of standard and highly cross-linked polyethylene, however, revealed an almost threefold difference in the mean annual linear wear rates (0.151 mm/year versus 0.059 mm/year, respectively) (p < 0.001).
|
['Adult', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Ceramics', 'Chromium', 'Cobalt', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Hip', 'Polyethylene', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 22,434,459
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['J01.637.153'], ['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.400', 'C05.799.613.400'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.500', 'D05.750.716.507.500', 'D25.720.716.507.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 0
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Quantitative measurement of serum allergen-specific IgE on protein chip.
|
Type I allergy is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity disease inflicting more than quarter of the world population. In order to identify allergen sources, skin provocation test and IgE serology was performed using allergen extracts. Such process identifies allergen-containing sources but cannot identify the disease-eliciting allergenic molecules. Recently, microarray technology has been developed for allergen-specific IgE detection using rolling circle amplification. This study was carried out to evaluate protein chip technology for the quantitative measurement and limits of sensitivity of multiple allergen-specific IgE by an immunofluorescence assay. Significance of positive calibrators was tested using purified human IgE. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), egg white, milk, soybean, and wheat were used as allergens and human serum albumin as negative control. Sensitivity and clinical efficacy of protein chip were evaluated using allergy immune serum for Dp. The fluorescent intensities for purified human IgE as calibrator were well correlated with the concentrations of human IgE. Two-fold dilution of serum allowed an optimal reaction with Dp (1 mg/ml) at which serum Dp-specific IgE levels by protein chip were compatible with those by UniCap. The sensitivity of protein chip in this study was found at level of 1 IU/ml of IgE. Dp-specific IgE levels by protein chip correlated well with those of UniCap by comparing 10 atopic dermatitis. Additional 18 sera were tested for above multiple antigens other than Dp and significant results were obtained for many antigens as well as Dp. These results indicated that spotting of heterogeneous protein mixture on protein chip and the quantitative measurement of serum allergen-specific IgE levels using immunofluorescence assay can be successfully applied in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of allergy and could be applied to diagnosis of autoimmune and infectious diseases
|
['Allergens', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Korea', 'Protein Array Analysis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,085,991
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['G12.100'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['E05.588.570.700', 'E05.601.680'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The most important "factor" in producing clubhead speed in golf.
|
Substantial experiential research into x-factor, and to a lesser extent crunch-factor has been undertaken with the aim of increasing clubhead speed. However, a direct comparison of the golf swing kinematics associated with each 'factor' has not, and possible differences when using a driver compared to an iron. Fifteen low handicap male golfers who displayed a modern swing had their golf swing kinematic data measured when hitting their own driver and five-iron, using a 10-camera motion analysis system operating at 250Hz. Clubhead speed was collected using a validated launch monitor. No between-club differences in x-factor and crunch-factor existed. Correlation analyses revealed within-club segment (trunk and lower trunk) interaction was different for the driver, compared to the five-iron, and that a greater number of kinematic variables associated with x-factor, compared to crunch-factor were shown to be correlated with faster clubhead speeds. This was further explained in the five-iron regression model, where a significant amount of variance in clubhead speed was associated with increased lower trunk x-factor stretch, and reduced trunk lateral bending. Given that greens in regulation was shown to be the strongest correlated variable with PGA Tour earnings (1990-2004), the findings suggests a link to player performance for approach shots. These findings support other empiric research into the importance of x-factor as well as anecdotal evidence on how crunch-factor can negatively affect clubhead speed.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Golf', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Sports Equipment', 'Torso', 'Video Recording', 'Young Adult']
| 28,822,263
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['I03.450.642.845.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['J01.637.825'], ['A01.923'], ['L01.280.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical characteristics of vitamin A responsive and nonresponsive Bitot's spots.
|
We examined and followed up 59 patients with conjunctival xerosis with a without classic Bitot's spots. Of these, 50 were responsive and nine were unresponsive to vitamin A. Despite a recent World Health Organization classification suggesting otherwise, all cases appeared to represent the same process. In preschool children, the presence of the Bitot's spots on both sides of the corneoscleral limbus or in association with night blindness or punctate keratopathy suggests active vitamin A deficiency. Pigmentation and wrinkling were not useful diagnostic criteria and lesions isolated to the nasal corneoscleral limbus suggested a different diagnosis. At least some cases of nonresponsive conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spots were probably sequelae of past vitamin A deficiency.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Conjunctiva', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indonesia', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Night Blindness', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin A Deficiency', 'Xerophthalmia']
| 6,968,513
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C11.966.671'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.628'], ['C11.187.810', 'C11.496.260.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Genetic and biochemical analysis of intragenic complementation events among nitrate reductase apoenzyme-deficient mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia.
|
Intragenic complementation has been observed between apoenzyme nitrate reductase-deficient mutants (nia) of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. In vivo as in vitro, the NADH-nitrate reductase (NR) activity in plants heterozygous for two different nia alleles was lower than in the wild type plant, but the plants were able to grow on nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. NR activity, absent in extracts of homozygous nia mutants was restored by mixing extracts from two complementing nia mutants. These observations suggest that NR intragenic complementation results from either the formation of heteromeric NR or from the interaction between two modified enzymes. Complementation was only observed between mutants retaining different partial catalytic activities of the enzyme. Results are in agreement with molecular data suggesting the presence of three catalytic domains in the subunit of the enzyme.
|
['Crosses, Genetic', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Heterozygote', 'Homozygote', 'Mutation', 'NAD', 'Nitrate Reductase', 'Nitrate Reductases', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Toxic', 'Tobacco']
| 2,016,042
|
[['E05.393.281'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G05.380.554'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['D08.811.682.655.500.124'], ['D08.811.682.655.500'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.660'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reproductive studies of NY-198 in rats. I. Fertility study.
|
Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new antibacterial agent, was administered daily by gavage to groups of 22 male and 22 female rats at dosages of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day. Males were dosed for 71 days before pairing and then until termination, and females were dosed for 15 days before pairing, throughout mating and until Day 7 of gestation. Females were killed on Day 20 of gestation for examination of their uterine contents. Males were killed after approximately 14 weeks treatment and their reproductive organs were weighed and retained. At 300 mg/kg/day the majority of animals showed increased salivation, water intake was slightly increased throughout the treatment period in males and before pairing in females whereas food intake showed a slight, transient reduction during the first few days of treatment in both sexes. Body weight gain of males was marginally depressed during the first week of treatment, but no other signs of reaction to treatment were observed. At 30 and 100 mg/kg/day some animals exhibited increased salivation after being dosed. At all dosages, NY-198 was without adverse effects upon mating performance and fertility, or upon survival, growth and development in utero. On the basis of the above results it is considered that the no effect level with respect to reproduction and breeding performance of treated F0 animals and the in utero development of the foetuses was 300 mg/kg/day. A dosage of 100 mg/kg/day was considered to be the no effect level for somatic changes in the F0 animals, and even at the highest dosage of 300 mg/kg/day only slight effects were recorded on the F0 animals.
|
['4-Quinolones', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Body Weight', 'Drinking', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Male', 'Quinolones', 'Rats', 'Salivation']
| 3,204,650
|
[['D03.633.100.810.835.830'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G08.686.210'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G07.203.650.250.800', 'G10.261.190.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Onzin, a c-Myc-repressed target, promotes survival and transformation by modulating the Akt-Mdm2-p53 pathway.
|
The c-Myc oncoprotein is a general transcription factor whose target genes dictate the c-Myc phenotype. One such target of c-Myc, 'onzin', is normally expressed at high levels in myeloid cells and is dramatically downregulated in response to c-Myc overexpression. We show here that short hairpin interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous onzin results in a reduced growth rate and a proapoptotic phenotype. In contrast, onzin overexpression in fibroblasts is associated with an increased growth rate, resistance to apoptotic stimuli, loss of the G2/M checkpoint, and tumorigenic conversion. Onzin-overexpressing cells fail to induce p53 in response to apoptotic stimuli and contain higher levels of the active, phosphorylated forms of Akt1 and, more strikingly, of Mdm2. Using yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we show that onzin directly interacts with both proteins. Green fluorescent protein tagging also confirms directly that Akt1 and Mdm2 colocalize with onzin, although the precise subcellular distribution of each protein is dependent on its relative abundance. Collectively, our results identify onzin as a novel regulator of several p53-dependent aspects of the c-Myc phenotype via its dramatic effect on Mdm2. This is reminiscent of the c-Myc --> p19(ARF)--mid R: Mdm2 pathway and might function as a complementary arm to ensure the proper cellular response to oncogenic and/or apoptotic stimuli.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'COS Cells', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Survival', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Fibroblasts', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oncogene Proteins', 'Phenotype', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques', 'Up-Regulation']
| 16,170,375
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.624.664'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.562', 'D12.776.624.664.700.185', 'D12.776.660.764'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A mathematical model of tumor oxygen and glucose mass transport and metabolism with complex reaction kinetics.
|
Hypoxia imparts radioresistance to tumors, and various approaches have been developed to enhance oxygenation, thereby improving radiosensitivity. This study explores the influence of kinetic and physical factors on substrate metabolism in a tumor model, based on a Krogh cylinder. In tissue, aerobic metabolism is assumed to depend on glucose and oxygen, represented by the product of Michaelis-Menten expressions. For the base case, an inlet pO(2) of 40 mmHg, a hypoxic limit of 5 mmHg, and a tissue/capillary radius ratio of 10 are used. For purely aerobic metabolism, a hypoxic fraction of 0.16 and volume-average pO(2) of 8 mmHg are calculated. Reducing the maximum oxygen rate constant by 9%, decreasing the tissue cylinder radius by 5%, or increasing the capillary radius by 8% abolishes the hypoxic fraction. When a glycolytic term is added, concentration profiles are similar to the base case. Using a distribution of tissue/capillary radius ratios increases the hypoxic fraction and reduces sensitivity to the oxygen consumption rate, compared to the case with a single tissue/capillary radius ratio. This model demonstrates that hypoxia is quite sensitive to metabolic rate and geometric factors. It also predicts quantitatively the effects of inhibited oxygen metabolism and enhanced mass transfer on tumor oxygenation.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Glucose', 'Glycolysis', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neoplasms', 'Oxygen']
| 12,600,236
|
[['G03.143'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599'], ['C04'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nursing and the health of the nation: schism or symbiosis?
|
In July 1992, the British government published its White Paper "The Health of the Nation, a Strategy for Health in England' (HON). The authors contend that this initiative has largely been accepted by the nursing profession with critical response to the HON being minimal. The authors argue that the medicalized negative interpretation of health and the narrow individualistic lifestyle-orientated definition of health promotion contained within the strategy ought to be rejected by nurses in favour of both a positive, holistic conception of health and a more humanistic health promotion methodology acknowledging the impact of structural-material factors influencing individual health related behaviour.
|
['Health', 'Health Policy', 'Health Status', 'Holistic Nursing', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Nursing', 'Risk-Taking', 'United Kingdom', 'World Health Organization']
| 9,044,003
|
[['N01.400'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['H02.478.676.313', 'K01.752.712.708', 'N02.421.533.282'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['H02.478', 'N04.452.758.377'], ['F01.145.722'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of daily hemodialysis on heart rate variability: results from the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial.
|
BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV), components of which generally are associated with advanced age, diabetes mellitus and left ventricular hypertrophy. We hypothesized that daily in-center hemodialysis (HD) would increase HRV.METHODS: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial randomized 245 patients to receive 12 months of six versus three times per week in-center HD. Two hundred and seven patients had baseline Holter recordings. HRV measures were calculated from 24-h Holter electrocardiograms at both baseline and 12 months in 131 patients and included low-frequency power (LF, a measure of sympathetic modulation), high-frequency power (HF, a measure of parasympathetic modulation) and standard deviation (SD) of the R-R interval (SDNN, a measure of beat-to-beat variation).RESULTS: Baseline to Month 12 change in LF was augmented by 50% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 6.1-112%, P =0.022] and LF + HF was augmented by 40% (95% CI 3.3-88.4%, P = 0.03) in patients assigned to daily hemodialysis (DHD) compared with conventional HD. Changes in HF and SDNN were similar between the randomized groups. The effects of DHD on LF were attenuated by advanced age and diabetes mellitus (predefined subgroups). Changes in HF (r = -0.20, P = 0.02) and SDNN (r = -0.18, P = 0.04) were inversely associated with changes in left ventricular mass (LVM).CONCLUSIONS: DHD increased the LF component of HRV. Reduction of LVM by DHD was associated with increased vagal modulation of heart rate (HF) and with increased beat-to-beat heart rate variation (SDNN), suggesting an important functional correlate to the structural effects of DHD on the heart in uremia.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 24,078,335
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['A07.541'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pyrimethamine inhibits rabies virus replication in vitro.
|
Rabies virus transmits from animals to humans and causes encephalitis. Every year more than 15 million people receive a post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment that is highly effective in the prevention of rabies disease. However, when clinical symptoms appear, for example in people who did not receive PEP, rabies is almost invariably fatal. Due to the limited access to PEP in some target populations, mostly in Asia and in Africa, rabies causes at least 59,000 deaths a year. PEP is not effective after the onset of symptoms and attempts to develop a treatment for clinical rabies have been unsuccessful. After screening a library of 385 FDA-approved drugs, we found that pyrimethamine inhibits rabies infection in vitro through the inhibition of adenosine synthesis. In addition, this compound shows a synergistic interaction with ribavirin. Unfortunately, in rabies infected-mice, pyrimethamine showed no efficacy. One possible explanation may be that the antiviral effect is negated by the observed interference of pyrimethamine with the innate immune response.
|
['Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Drug Synergism', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Rabies virus', 'Ribavirin', 'Small Molecule Libraries', 'Virus Replication']
| 30,367,894
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D03.383.742.675'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.500.700'], ['D13.570.800.790'], ['D27.720.470.765'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Notes from the field: Multistate outbreak of postprocedural fungal endophthalmitis associated with a single compounding pharmacy - United States, March-April 2012.
|
On March 5, 2012, the California Department of Public Health was notified of nine cases of clinically diagnosed fungal endophthalmitis at a single California ambulatory surgical center. The initial investigation, led by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, determined that in all cases patients had undergone vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peeling using a dye called Brilliant Blue-G (BBG) from Franck's Compounding Lab, Ocala, Florida. This investigation has since expanded to involve intravitreal injection of triamcinolone-containing products from Franck's, an overall total of 33 cases in seven states, and collaboration between state and local health departments, CDC, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This report describes the current investigative findings. Clinicians should be aware of the ongoing investigation and should avoid use of compounded products labeled as sterile from Franck's during this ongoing investigation.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Contamination', 'Drug Labeling', 'Endophthalmitis', 'Fusariosis', 'Fusarium', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures', 'Pharmacies', 'Rosaniline Dyes', 'United States', 'Vitrectomy']
| 22,552,209
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['N06.850.290'], ['E05.916.270'], ['N06.850.360'], ['E05.916.310', 'J01.576.655.750.321.400', 'J01.576.761.300.400'], ['C01.375.265', 'C11.294.265'], ['C01.150.703.302.383.500', 'C01.800.200.383.500', 'C17.800.838.208.416.500'], ['B01.300.381.366'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E04.540'], ['N02.278.678'], ['D02.092.146.755'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['E04.540.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Process control and design considerations for methanol-induced denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor.
|
The primary goal of this research was to determine the effect of methanol-induced denitrification on volatile suspended solids production, settleability, and oxidation-reduction potential in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor. Batch tests were also conducted to determine the influence of mixing and acclimatization on the denitrification of wastewater with methanol. The observed sludge production in the full-scale sequencing batch reactor with methanol addition was 0.21 kg volatile suspended solids l(-1) methanol, versus the calculated stoichiometric sludge production of 0.17 kg volatile suspended solids l(-1) methanol. The settleability in the full-scale sequencing batch reactor, measured by the sludge volume index, increases linearly with increasing denitrification rate. The total change in the oxidation-reduction potential magnitude during a sequencing batch reactor cycle increased linearly with increasing denitrification rate. A minimum of 55% increase in the denitrification rate was observed in a batch reactor with methanol addition and a sludge acclimatized to methanol addition, compared to a batch reactor with methanol addition and a non-acclimatized sludge. The non-acclimatized batch reactor had a negligible denitrification rate without methanol addition. However, significant denitrification rates were observed in the acclimatized batch reactors without methanol addition, potentially caused by microbial storage or an increased population of denitrifiers that scavenge any available carbon. A completely mixed batch reactor, with sludge acclimatized to methanol addition during the anoxic cycle, had an increase in the denitrification rate ranging from 660%, without methanol addition, to 200%, with a methanol dosage of 12.7 mg l(-1), compared to the unmixed batch reactor with an acclimatized sludge. Therefore, mixing appears to be critical to the denitrification process, to realize the best kinetic performance.
|
['Bioreactors', 'Facility Design and Construction', 'Kinetics', 'Methanol', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']
| 12,666,786
|
[['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['J01.086.339', 'N02.278.200'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.033.623'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Unique amino acid signatures that are evolutionarily conserved distinguish simple-type, epidermal and hair keratins.
|
Keratins (Ks) consist of central á-helical rod domains that are flanked by non-á-helical head and tail domains. The cellular abundance of keratins, coupled with their selective cell expression patterns, suggests that they diversified to fulfill tissue-specific functions although the primary structure differences between them have not been comprehensively compared. We analyzed keratin sequences from many species: K1, K2, K5, K9, K10, K14 were studied as representatives of epidermal keratins, and compared with K7, K8, K18, K19, K20 and K31, K35, K81, K85, K86, which represent simple-type (single-layered or glandular) epithelial and hair keratins, respectively. We show that keratin domains have striking differences in their amino acids. There are many cysteines in hair keratins but only a small number in epidermal keratins and rare or none in simple-type keratins. The heads and/or tails of epidermal keratins are glycine and phenylalanine rich but alanine poor, whereas parallel domains of hair keratins are abundant in prolines, and those of simple-type epithelial keratins are enriched in acidic and/or basic residues. The observed differences between simple-type, epidermal and hair keratins are highly conserved throughout evolution. Cysteines and histidines, which are infrequent keratin amino acids, are involved in de novo mutations that are markedly overrepresented in keratins. Hence, keratins have evolutionarily conserved and domain-selectively enriched amino acids including glycine and phenylalanine (epidermal), cysteine and proline (hair), and basic and acidic (simple-type epithelial), which reflect unique functions related to structural flexibility, rigidity and solubility, respectively. Our findings also support the importance of human keratin 'mutation hotspot' residues and their wild-type counterparts.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Epidermis', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Humans', 'Keratins', 'Keratins, Hair-Specific', 'Mice', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein']
| 22,215,855
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.149', 'D12.776.220.475.450.149', 'D12.776.860.607.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['E05.393.760.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Removal of chest tubes in children without water seal after elective thoracic procedures: a randomized prospective study.
|
BACKGROUND: Chest tubes are often placed in children after elective thoracic surgical procedures. Depending on surgeon preference, tubes can be pulled directly from suction or after a trial of water seal. Removal of the tube without water seal potentially allows earlier removal, decreased postoperative pain, and earlier discharge from the hospital. No randomized, prospective study has been performed to compare the two methods to determine whether omission of the water seal period is safe after elective thoracic surgery in children.STUDY DESIGN: This is a single-blinded, randomized study conducted between June 1998 and June 2000. Children undergoing elective, noncardiac, nonesophageal thoracic operations were placed into water seal or a nonwater seal groups. Groups were compared for development of pneumothorax or pleural effusion after chest tube removal.RESULTS: Fifty-two children participated in the study, with 28 in group I (suction) and 24 in group II (water seal). Operations included both pulmonary and nonpulmonary thoracic operations performed both thoracoscopically and open. No child developed a major pleural effusion after chest tube removal. Three children (11%) in group I and eight (33%) in group II developed pneumothorax. No child required reinsertion of the chest tube and all were successfully treated with observation and oxygen. There was no marked difference between the groups regarding development of pneumothorax, but the power of the study is low.CONCLUSIONS: A water seal trial is not necessary for safe removal of chest tubes in children undergoing elective surgery. Chest tubes can be removed safely and earlier when pulled directly from suction for both pulmonary and nonpulmonary thoracic pediatric procedures.
|
['Chest Tubes', 'Child', 'Device Removal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pleural Effusion', 'Pneumothorax', 'Prospective Studies', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Suction', 'Thoracic Surgical Procedures', 'Thoracoscopy']
| 11,949,746
|
[['E07.858.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E04.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.528.652'], ['C08.528.778'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['E04.237.890'], ['E04.928'], ['E01.370.388.250.840', 'E04.502.250.840', 'E04.928.752']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biclustering reveals breast cancer tumour subgroups with common clinical features and improves prediction of disease recurrence.
|
BACKGROUND: Many studies have revealed correlations between breast tumour phenotypes, variations in gene expression, and patient survival outcomes. The molecular heterogeneity between breast tumours revealed by these studies has allowed prediction of prognosis and has underpinned stratified therapy, where groups of patients with particular tumour types receive specific treatments. The molecular tests used to predict prognosis and stratify treatment usually utilise fixed sets of genomic biomarkers, with the same biomarker sets being used to test all patients. In this paper we suggest that instead of fixed sets of genomic biomarkers, it may be more effective to use a stratified biomarker approach, where optimal biomarker sets are automatically chosen for particular patient groups, analogous to the choice of optimal treatments for groups of similar patients in stratified therapy. We illustrate the effectiveness of a biclustering approach to select optimal gene sets for determining the prognosis of specific strata of patients, based on potentially overlapping, non-discrete molecular characteristics of tumours.RESULTS: Biclustering identified tightly co-expressed gene sets in the tumours of restricted subgroups of breast cancer patients. The co-expressed genes in these biclusters were significantly enriched for particular biological annotations and gene regulatory modules associated with breast cancer biology. Tumours identified within the same bicluster were more likely to present with similar clinical features. Bicluster membership combined with clinical information could predict patient prognosis in conditional inference tree and ridge regression class prediction models.CONCLUSIONS: The increasing clinical use of genomic profiling demands identification of more effective methods to segregate patients into prognostic and treatment groups. We have shown that biclustering can be used to select optimal gene sets for determining the prognosis of specific strata of patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computational Biology', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Transcriptome']
| 23,405,961
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Feasibility and relevance of right parasternal view for assessing severity and rate of progression of aortic valve stenosis in primary care.
|
BACKGROUND: Right parasternal view (RPV) is important in assessing the severity of aortic stenosis (AS). However, the feasibility and relevance of RPV in primary care is unresolved. Moreover, information regarding the role of RPV in the evaluation of the hemodynamic progression of AS is lacking.METHODS: Consecutive patients with peak aortic valve velocity (Vmax) ?2.5m/s were prospectively enrolled in a primary care echocardiographic laboratory. Aortic Doppler parameters were evaluated from apical view and RPV.RESULTS: The total number of enrolled patients was 330 (aged 81±11years, 47% female, left ventricular ejection fraction 64±9%). The RPV was feasible in 275 (83%). Vmax and Mean Gradient were significantly higher and aortic valve area was significantly lower from RPV as compared to apical view (p<0.0001 for all). Reclassification of severity towards either moderate or severe AS occurred in 13-26% of patients, according to different criteria, when evaluated from RPV. Among 108 patients (40%) undergoing multiple examinations the rate of progression was lower from the apical approach than from the RPV (0.19±0.20m/s/year vs. 0.24±0.27m/s/year, respectively; p=0.03), and was fast (>0.3m/s/year) in 17 patients (16%) from the apical window vs. 26 patients (24%) from RPV (p<0.0001).CONCLUSION: Implementing RPV is feasible in primary care and results in a substantial reclassification rate through the entire spectrum of AS severity. Our data also suggest a potential role of Doppler interrogation from multiple windows to improve AS progression assessment.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Disease Progression', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Primary Health Care', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 28,499,670
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A single step purification for autolytic zinc proteinases.
|
We describe a novel single-step method for the purification of stromelysin-1 catalytic domain (SCD) via immobilized metal affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions that inhibit proteolytic activity followed by on-column refolding and spontaneous autolysis of the fusion peptide to yield pure, active stromelysin-1 catalytic domain. The methodology provides a general approach for the rapid purification of large quantities of zinc proteinases.
|
['Autolysis', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Histidine', 'Imidazoles', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Oligopeptides', 'Protein Folding']
| 19,942,433
|
[['C23.550.260.224.617.236'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use and users of complementary and alternative medicine among people with multiple sclerosis in Denmark.
|
BACKGROUND: It is known that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among people with multiple Sclerosis (MS) and that use is widespread. However, very limited knowledge exists about use and users of CAM among people with MS in a Danish context.AIMS: The overall aim of the thesis is to investigate how and why people with MS in Denmark include CAM in managing their life with a chronic disease and to discuss their experiences and beliefs linked to CAM use. METHODS: A mixed methods research design was applied, combining an Internet-based survey with two qualitative in-depth interview studies. A total of 6,850 people with MS from the five Nordic countries, of these 3,500 from Denmark, were invited to participate in the survey. The average response rate was 56.1%. Based on analyses of the Danish survey data, two specific issues regarding the use of CAM were selected for further investigation and two qualitative interview studies were performed (n = 17, n = 11), using program theory and meaning categorization as analytical tools.RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that the use of CAM among people with MS is widespread in Denmark as well as in the other Nordic countries. The results furthermore suggest that this use is generally embedded in a preventative, autonomous approach to treatment and that the users' choices regarding CAM may be related to many personal factors and do not necessarily represent a distrust of the medical system.PERSPECTIVES: The results of the study point to the relevance of healthcare professionals engaging in understanding patients' different motives for - and experiences with - using different types of treatments. Thereby, the results of the study also point to the importance of enhancing and qualifying communication between patients and representatives of conventional healthcare systems regarding the patients' use of CAM, both with the aim of mutual learning and for reasons of safety.
|
['Adult', 'Complementary Therapies', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Patient Care Management', 'Patient Preference', 'Research Design', 'Scandinavian and Nordic Countries', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 26,726,906
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.190'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['N04.590'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['Z01.542.816'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dynein-dependent movements of the mitotic spindle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Do not require filamentous actin.
|
In budding yeast, the mitotic spindle is positioned in the neck between the mother and the bud so that both cells inherit one nucleus. The movement of the mitotic spindle into the neck can be divided into two phases: (1) Kip3p-dependent movement of the nucleus to the neck and alignment of the short spindle, followed by (2) dynein-dependent movement of the spindle into the neck and oscillation of the elongating spindle within the neck. Actin has been hypothesized to be involved in all these movements. To test this hypothesis, we disrupted the actin cytoskeleton with the use of mutations and latrunculin A (latrunculin). We assayed nuclear segregation in synchronized cell populations and observed spindle movements in individual living cells. In synchronized cell populations, no actin cytoskeletal mutant segregated nuclei as poorly as cells lacking dynein function. Furthermore, nuclei segregated efficiently in latrunculin-treated cells. Individual living cell analysis revealed that the preanaphase spindle was mispositioned and misaligned in latrunculin-treated cells and that astral microtubules were misoriented, confirming a role for filamentous actin in the early, Kip3p-dependent phase of spindle positioning. Surprisingly, mispositioned and misaligned mitotic spindles moved into the neck in the absence of filamentous actin, albeit less efficiently. Finally, dynein-dependent sliding of astral microtubules along the cortex and oscillation of the elongating mitotic spindle in the neck occurred in the absence of filamentous actin.
|
['Actins', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Dyneins', 'Kinesin', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Mitosis', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Spindle Apparatus']
| 10,712,505
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.249', 'D12.776.157.025.750.063', 'D12.776.220.600.200'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.500', 'D12.776.220.600.450.450', 'D12.776.631.560.450'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative Assessment of Three Approaches of Teaching Nonmedically Trained Persons in the Handling of Supraglottic Airways: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
|
BACKGROUND: The use of supraglottic airways has been recommended in combat trauma airway management. To ensure an adequate airway management on the battlefield, suitable training concepts are sought to efficiently teach as many soldiers as possible. Our aim was to compare three approaches of teaching laypersons in the handling of supraglottic airways in a mannequin model.METHODS: In this prospective randomized blinded study, 285 military service men without any medical background were divided into three groups and trained in the use of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme (LMA) and the Laryngeal Tube Disposable (LT-D). The first group received a theoretical lecture, the second group was shown an instruction video, and the third group underwent a practical training. Immediately after instruction participants were asked to place the supraglottic airway and ventilate the mannequin within 60 seconds. The entire test was repeated 3 months later. Test results were evaluated with regard to success rate, insertion time, ability to judge the correct placement, and degree of difficulty.RESULTS: Practical training showed the highest success rate when placing supraglottic airways immediately after the instruction (lecture: 68%, video: 74%, training: 94%); (training vs. lecture and training vs. video, p < 0.001) as well as 3 months later (lecture: 63%, video: 66%, training: 78%); (training vs. lecture, p = 0.019 and training vs. video, p = 0.025). Immediately after the instruction practical training was also superior in terms of insertion time, ability to judge the correct placement, and the self-rated degree of difficulty (p < 0.001). These effects were significantly reduced 3 months after the instruction. In comparison between supraglottic airways LT-D was superior to LMA regarding all the outcome parameters mentioned above (p < 0.001).DISCUSSION: In this study, performed with personnel of the German Armed Forces, we have shown that persons without any medical and paramedical background are able to successfully place a supraglottic airway immediately following minimal instruction and after 3 months as well. Study participants achieved the best results after practical training followed by video presentation and finally lecture regardless of the airway device used. There are two possible reasons why practical training is the superior method. Firstly, the success is tied to more time spent with the learners. Secondly, practical training seems to be the best teaching method for various types of learners such as visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic type. In addition the results of our study show that the LT-D is an ideal supraglottic airway in the hands of people inexperienced in airway management. In conclusion, our results show that practical training is the superior instruction method compared to theoretical lecture and presentation of an instruction video. Nevertheless, the presentation of an instruction video is a promising approach of teaching a maximum number of laypersons with minimal effort to correctly place supraglottic airways. To optimize the success rate of such a concept LT-Ds instead of LMAs should be used for airway management. The presented concepts hold promise for combat as well as for civilian emergency medicine.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Airway Management', 'Bystander Effect', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Masks', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Prospective Studies', 'Teaching', 'Time Factors']
| 28,290,958
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.041'], ['G04.085.155'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500.475', 'E02.585.578.475', 'E05.497.578.475', 'E07.700.500.450', 'J01.637.708.560.782.450'], ['M01.526.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I02.903'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Visual learning by imitation with motor representations.
|
We propose a general architecture for action (mimicking) and program (gesture) level visual imitation. Action-level imitation involves two modules. The viewpoint Transformation (VPT) performs a "rotation" to align the demonstrator's body to that of the learner. The Visuo-Motor Map (VMM) maps this visual information to motor data. For program-level (gesture) imitation, there is an additional module that allows the system to recognize and generate its own interpretation of observed gestures to produce similar gestures/goals at a later stage. Besides the holistic approach to the problem, our approach differs from traditional work in i) the use of motor information for gesture recognition; ii) usage of context (e.g., object affordances) to focus the attention of the recognition system and reduce ambiguities, and iii) use iconic image representations for the hand, as opposed to fitting kinematic models to the video sequence. This approach is motivated by the finding of visuomotor neurons in the F5 area of the macaque brain that suggest that gesture recognition/imitation is performed in motor terms (mirror) and rely on the use of object affordances (canonical) to handle ambiguous actions. Our results show that this approach can outperform more conventional (e.g., pure visual) methods.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Biomimetics', 'Bionics', 'Computer Simulation', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Models, Biological', 'Motor Skills', 'Movement', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Robotics', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 15,971,913
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['H01.158.550.100', 'J01.897.120.100'], ['H01.158.344.310', 'H01.671.100.202', 'H01.671.293.159'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E05.599.395'], ['F02.808.260'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['L01.399.750'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of neonatal bilateral eye enucleation on postnatal development of the monoamines in posterior thalamus of the rat.
|
Levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) and their metabolites, and the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) have been determined in the rat posterior thalamus after enucleation during postnatal development. DA and 5-HT turnover rate have been measured as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation rates after central decarboxylase inhibition by 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015). The major changes were an increase in noradrenergic and serotoninergic metabolism in enucleated animals compared with control animals. A decrease of the MAO-A to MAO-B ratio during postnatal development was found.
|
['5-Hydroxytryptophan', 'Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors', 'Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases', 'Biogenic Monoamines', 'Dihydroxyphenylalanine', 'Dopamine', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Hydrazines', 'Male', 'Monoamine Oxidase', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Serotonin', 'Thalamus', 'Tryptophan Hydroxylase', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 1,681,825
|
[['D12.125.072.050.850.479'], ['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D27.505.519.389.124', 'D27.505.954.427.090.050.249'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.100'], ['D02.092.211.215'], ['D02.092.311.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E04.540.429'], ['D02.442'], ['D08.811.682.664.750'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.870'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of plaintiff's body weight on judgments of responsibility: the role of weight bias.
|
PROBLEM: The current study investigated the influence of a plaintiff's weight and the location of an accident on a simulated jury's perceptions of plaintiff's personal responsibility for an accident.METHODS: Participants were 185 lean and overweight male and female adults (mean self-reported body mass index: 24.87±5.45) who read one of three vignettes describing an accident that occurred while leaving one of three different establishments (fast food burger restaurant; fitness gym; department store) while viewing one of two silhouettes of the alleged plaintiff (a lean female; an obese female).RESULTS: Participants were significantly more likely to report the plaintiff's weight entered into their perceptions of personal responsibility when they viewed the overweight plaintiff compared to the thin plaintiff. As respondent's self-reported weight bias increased, participants were more likely to hold the plaintiff responsible and more likely to blame plaintiff characteristics for the accident.CONCLUSION: The weight of a plaintiff may affect juror perceptions of personal responsibility particularly if the juror possesses self-reported weight bias.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bias', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Judicial Role', 'Male', 'Overweight', 'Prejudice', 'Self Report', 'Social Perception', 'Social Responsibility', 'Young Adult']
| 25,434,916
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['I01.880.604.583.474'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of hypoglycemic encephalopathy upon amino acids, high-energy phosphates, and pHi in the rat brain in vivo: detection by sequential 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
|
Metabolic alterations in amino acids, high-energy phosphates, and intracellular pH during and after insulin hypoglycemia in the rat brain was studied in vivo by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sequential accumulations of 1H and 31P spectra were obtained from a double-tuned surface coil positioned over the exposed skull of a rat while the electroencephalogram was recorded continuously. The transition to EEG silence was accompanied by rapid declines in phosphocreatine, nucleoside triphosphate, and an increase in inorganic orthophosphate in 31P spectra. In 1H spectra acquired during the same time interval, the resonances of glutamate and glutamine decreased in intensity while a progressive increase in aspartate was observed. Following glucose administration, glutamate and aspartate returned to control levels (recovery half-time, 8 min); recovery of glutamine was incomplete. An increase in lactate was detected in the 1H spectrum during recovery but it was not associated with any change in the intracellular pH as assessed in the corresponding 31P spectrum. Phosphocreatine returned to control levels following glucose administration, in contrast to nucleoside triphosphate and inorganic orthophosphate which recovered to only 80% and 200% of their control levels, respectively. These results show that the changes in cerebral amino acids and high-energy phosphates detected by alternating the collection of 1H and 31P spectra allow for a detailed assessment of the metabolic response of the hypoglycemic brain in vivo.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Glutamine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Insulin', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Nucleotides', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Rats']
| 2,857,770
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['G02.300'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validation and evaluation of eight commercially available point of care CRP methods.
|
BACKGROUND: There are several situations compelling to measure CRP with a point of care (POC) method. Assay performance of various available POC CRP methods were evaluated as analytical quality is important and should be known before clinical use.METHODS: We compared 2 semi-quantitative strips; Actim and Cleartest and 6 quantitative CRP tests; Afinion, QuikRead go, Smart, iChroma, Microsemi and AQT90 Flex to the Synchron CRP method, using the CLSI EP9 protocol. The coefficient of variance (CV) was determined. Various aspects of pre-analytical and analytical steps were evaluated.RESULTS: CRP strips showed 50-60% concordance with the Synchron CRP. The linear regression lines (95% CI) of the quantitative POC CRP methods compared to the Synchron CRP method were: y=[0.96-1.04]x+[-4.7 to -2.04] (Smart); y=[1.00-1.06]x+[1.05-4.99] (AQT90 Flex), y=[0.84-0.91]x+[-1.13 to 3.95] (Afinion); y=[0.83-0.87]x+[0.25-1.5] (QuikRead go); y=[0.76-0.82]x+[-0.18 to 1.35] (iChroma) and y=[1.14-1.18]x+[-3.17 to -1.83] (Microsemi).CONCLUSIONS: At best, the semi-quantitative CRP strips could be used to discriminate between normal and increased levels of CRP. Of the quantitative methods, when combining analytical with practical evaluation, the Smart and Afinion would be the preferred analyzers for POCT.
|
['C-Reactive Protein', 'Humans', 'Point-of-Care Systems']
| 25,445,415
|
[['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of embryonic size in early mouse development in vitro culture system.
|
Mammals self-regulate their body size throughout development. In the uterus, embryos are properly regulated to be a specific size at birth. Previously, size and cell number in aggregated embryos, which were made from two or more morulae, and half embryos, which were halved at the 2-cell stage, have been analysed in vivo in preimplantation and post-implantation development in mice. Here, we examined whether or not the mouse embryo has the capacity to self-regulate growth using an in vitro culture system. To elucidate embryonic histology, cells were counted in aggregated or half embryos in comparison with control embryos. Both double- and triple-aggregated embryos contained more cells than did control embryos during all culture periods, and the relative growth ratios showed no growth inhibition in an in vitro culture system. Meanwhile, half embryos contained fewer cells than control embryos, but the number grew throughout the culture period. Our data suggest that the growth of aggregated embryos is not affected and continues in an in vitro culture system. On the other hand, the growth of half embryos accelerates and continues in an in vitro culture system. This situation, in turn, implied that post-implantation mouse embryos might have some potential to regulate their own growth and size as seen by using an in vitro culture system without uterus factors. In conclusion, our results indicated that embryos have some ways in which to regulate their own size in mouse early development.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Embryo Culture Techniques', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Morula']
| 23,331,667
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['E05.481.500.468'], ['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['A16.615']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms are not always asthma.
|
Eighty-eight patients with a history of exercise-induced respiratory symptoms performed a maximal exercise test in order to study the reasons for stopping the test. There was a wide range of percentage maximal fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF), from minus 3% to 63%, mean 11%, recorded 0-30 min, mean 12 min after the break. In the controls the maximal decrease was 0-16%, mean 6%. Diagnostic criteria for asthma were fulfilled by 48 patients (55%). Of these patients 42% had a fall in PEF > or = 15% (exercise-induced asthma). Of the non-asthma patients 10% had a fall > or = 15%. The most common reason for stopping the exercise in the asthma group was breathing troubles (46%), the most common reason in the non-asthma group was chest pain/discomfort (35%). In about 20% of the patients dizziness and/or pricking sensations in arms or legs indicated hyperventilation as an additional reason for stopping the exercise. It is concluded that other kinds of reaction, than bronchial obstruction such as breathing troubles not directly related to bronchial obstruction and chest pain, may be important factors that can restrict physical capacity in patients with exercise-induced respiratory symptoms.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma, Exercise-Induced', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chest Pain', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperventilation', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peak Expiratory Flow Rate']
| 10,581,663
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108.110', 'C08.674.095.110', 'C20.543.480.680.095.110'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.888.592.612.233'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.618.501', 'C23.888.852.591'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.225.600', 'G09.772.650.300.790']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nasal reconstruction: seeking a fourth dimension.
|
A method of nasal reconstruction emphasizing the use of thin but highly vascular local lining and cover flaps to allow successful primary placement of delicate cartilage grafts is presented. The cartilage fabrication provides projection in space, airway patency, and, when visible through conforming skin cover, the delicate contour of the normal nose. Because tissue is replaced in kind and quantity, the need for multiple revisions to sculpt and debulk is decreased. Techniques and four case reports describe its applications to tip, heminose, subtotal, and total nasal defects.
|
['Adult', 'Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Cartilage', 'Esthetics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Nose Neoplasms', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Rhinoplasty', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 3,725,961
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['F02.463.785.477', 'K01.752.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.588.149.721.600', 'C04.588.443.665.650', 'C05.116.231.754.600', 'C08.460.669', 'C08.785.600', 'C09.603.669', 'C09.647.685'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E02.218.755', 'E04.580.392.500', 'E04.680.650'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A model of DICOM-based electronic patient record in radiation therapy.
|
Electronic patient records for radiation therapy (RT) consists of text, images and graphics. To enable the exchange of RT patient information between systems and institutions, a common standard is called for and the DICOM standard extension to radiation therapy is an appropriate means for standardization. This paper describes a model of DICOM-based electronic patient record system for information exchange and sharing. The system used a DICOM-based RT archive server as a common platform for archival of all RT related information including images and the web technology for distribution and viewing of the patient electronic record.
|
['Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Radiotherapy']
| 15,755,532
|
[['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['E02.815']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of adipocyte triglyceride on the partition of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl between 3T3L1 adipocytes and surrounding pseudoblood.
|
Removal from adipose tissue is an important first step in ultimate removal of many lipophilic xenobiotics from the body. This study concerned the elucidation of mechanisms by which hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) was deposited in and removed from adipocytes. Adipocytes derived from the 3T3L1 cell line of mouse fibroblasts were used to conduct studies in vitro. Results support the idea that HBB enters the 3T3L1 adipocyte via passive diffusion. A plot of the velocity of uptake versus concentration was linear, the uptake of HBB does not appear to be energy dependent, and structurally similar biphenyls did not cause an inhibition of uptake. A linear relationship between the quantities of triglyceride and HBB in the cells was found during both uptake of HBB in lipogenesis and removal of HBB in lipolysis (r greater than 0.98). This supports the contention that the quantity of triglyceride in the cells has a strong influence on the movement of HBB between adipocytes and surrounding pseudoblood. Evidence has been presented that is consistent with the hypothesis that HBB moves freely across the adipocyte membrane and is sequestered in either cells or medium according to its relative solubility in these compartments. Methods to increase the removal of HBB from adipocytes have been proposed.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Lipid Mobilization', 'Mice', 'Polybrominated Biphenyls', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Triglycerides']
| 3,023,648
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G03.458.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.680', 'D02.455.526.368.700'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional FEN1 genetic variants and haplotypes are associated with glioma risk.
|
As a tumor suppressor, FEN1 plays an essential role in keeping genomic instability and preventing tumorigenesis. There are two functional genetic variants (-69G>A and 4150G>T) in the FEN1 gene, which have been associated with DNA damage levels in coke-oven workers as well as risks of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer in general populations. However, it is still unknown how these polymorphisms and their haplotypes are associated with glioma risk. Therefore, we investigated the role of these polymorphisms in glioma development using a case-control design in a Chinese population. The impact of the haplotypes constructed by these two polymorphisms on glioma risk was also examined. It was observed that the FEN1-69GG or 4150GG genotype were significantly associated to increased glioma risk compared with the -69AA or 4150TT genotype [Odds ratios (OR) = 1.87, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-2.85, P = 0.003; or OR = 1.87, 95 % CI = 1.23-2.84, P = 0.003). The associations were more pronounced among female subjects (For -69AG or GG genotype: OR = 2.35, 95 % CI = 1.22-4.52; for 4150TG or GG genotype: OR = 2.33, 95 % CI = 1.21-4.48) and patients with grade 1 or 2 disease (For -69AG or GG genotype: OR = 2.21, 95 % CI = 1.20-4.05; for 4150TG or GG genotype: OR = 2.45, 95 % CI = 1.31-4.58). Additionally, the G(-69)G(4150) haplotype was also significantly associated with increased glioma risk compared with the A(-69)T(4150) haplotype. Our results suggest that FEN1 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with glioma risk.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Flap Endonucleases', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Glioma', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 23,184,144
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.325.350'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cu2+ and acute thermal stress induce protective events via the p38-MAPK signalling pathway in the perfused Rana ridibunda heart.
|
In the present study, we investigated the induction of the p38-MAPK signalling pathway by copper, as exemplified by CuCl(2), in the isolated perfused heart of the amphibian Rana ridibunda. We found that p38-MAPK phosphorylation by CuCl(2) occurs in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum activation (8.73+/-1.43-fold relative to control values) attained by perfusion with 500 micromol l(-1) CuCl(2) for 15 min, while this activation sustained even after 60 min of reperfusion with normal bicarbonate buffer. CuCl(2) also induced the phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in a p38-MAPK dependent manner, as revealed by experiments using the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. p38-MAPK and Hsp27 phosphorylations were also strongly induced by hyperthermia (42 degrees C), while the simultaneous use of hyperthermia and CuCl(2) had a synergistic effect on p38-MAPK activation. Furthermore, perfusions with the potent antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (100 micromol l(-1)), the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) (150 U ml(-1)) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) (30 U ml(-1)) in the presence of 500 micromol l(-1) CuCl(2) did not attenuate the CuCl(2)-induced p38-MAPK activation, implying that at least the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenged by these agents are not implicated in this kinase activation. The p38-MAPK phosphorylation induced by the combined action of CuCl(2) and hyperthermia was partially inhibited by catalase, indicating that hyperthermia possibly activates the kinase through the production of H(2)O(2). Caspase-3, an effector protease of apoptosis, remained inactive in hearts perfused at normal or hyperthermic conditions, in the absence or presence of 500 micromol l(-1) CuCl(2). All the above results suggest that, in the amphibian Rana ridibunda heart, p38-MAPK activation by copper has a possible protective role through the small Hsp27.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Catalase', 'Copper', 'Heart', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Imidazoles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Perfusion', 'Phosphorylation', 'Pyridines', 'Rana ridibunda', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Temperature', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 17,234,613
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['A07.541'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['E05.680'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.360'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Utility and safety of prolonged video-EEG monitoring in a tertiary pediatric epilepsy monitoring unit.
|
Prolonged video-EEG (vEEG) monitoring helps characterize paroxysmal events and epilepsy. There is limited literature in pediatrics describing the safety and utility of vEEG. We retrospectively reviewed 454 pediatric epilepsy monitoring unit admissions over two years. Final event diagnoses, duration of seizures, and medical complications were analyzed. Two hundred twenty admissions (48.4%) captured epileptic seizures, 150 (33.0%) captured nonepileptic events, and 84 (18.5%) failed to capture any events. Medical complications were seen in 4 patients (1.8%) with no long-term complications. Seventeen episodes of status epilepticus occurred in 13 patients. This constituted 2.9% of all admissions and 5.9% of admissions with epileptic seizures. The median duration of status was 26 min, and three patients required transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit. Video-EEG monitoring had a high yield in capturing events and differentiating epileptic from nonepileptic events. Our pediatric patients experienced greater risk of status epilepticus but lesser risk of injury.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Pediatrics', 'Videotape Recording', 'Young Adult']
| 23,542,538
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.520'], ['H02.403.670'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of longitudinal pre-stretch on the mechanics of human aorta before and after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in trauma patients.
|
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has evolved as a first-line therapy for trauma patients. Most trauma patients are young, and their aortas are compliant and longitudinally pre-stretched. We have developed a method to include longitudinal pre-stretch in computational models of human thoracic aortas of different ages before and after TEVAR. Finite element models were built using computerized tomography angiography data obtained from human subjects in 6 age groups 10-69 years old. Aortic properties were determined with planar biaxial testing, and pre-stretch was simulated using a series of springs. GORE C-Tag stent-graft was computationally deployed in aortas with and without pre-stretch, and the stress-strain fields were compared. Pre-stretch had significant qualitative and quantitative effects on the aortic stress-strain state before and after TEVAR. Before TEVAR, mean intramural aortic stresses with and without pre-stretch decreased with age from 108 kPa and 83 kPa in the youngest age group, to 60 kPa in the oldest age group. TEVAR increased intramural stresses by an average of 73 ± 15 kPa and 48 ± 10 kPa for aortas with and without pre-stretch and produced high stress concentrations near the aortic isthmus. Inclusion of pre-stretch in young aortas increased intramural stresses by 30%, while in > 50-year-old subjects it did not change the results. Computational modeling of aorta-stent-graft interaction that includes pre-stretch can be instrumental for device design and assessment of its long-term performance, and in the future may help more accurately determine the stress-strain characteristics associated with TEVAR complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alloys', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Child', 'Computer Simulation', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Wounds and Injuries', 'Young Adult']
| 31,489,481
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.552.033', 'D25.058', 'J01.637.051.058'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['M01.060.406'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['E05.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.374.835'], ['C26'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of opioid antagonism and environmental restriction on plasma oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations in parturient gilts.
|
Oxytocin plays an important role at parturition due to its involvement in uterine contractions, foetal expulsion and the onset of maternal behaviour. The role of the related neurohypophysial hormone, vasopressin, is less clear; however, there is some evidence that it is also involved in maternal behaviour and its role in osmotic regulation is well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of endogenous opioids on these hormones during the expulsive phase of parturition in the pig, and to examine how opioid restraint interacts with environmental restriction. The subjects of this study were 31 Large Whitex Landrace primiparous sows (gilts). An indwelling jugular catheter was implanted under general anaesthesia at 12 days before the expected parturition day (EPD). From 5 days before the EPD 15 of the gilts were individually housed in a restrictive parturition crate without straw and 16 were individually housed in a straw-bedded pen. Blood samples were taken with increasing frequency towards and during parturition through a catheter extension to reduce disturbance. At 7.5 min after the birth of the first piglet half of the gilts in each environment received a dose of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) with the remaining gilts receiving saline as a control. Overall, there was no effect of environment on either circulating oxytocin or vasopressin. However, both oxytocin and vasopressin were inhibited by endogenous opioids during the expulsive phase. The inhibitory effects of opioids on these hormones did not appear to have any adverse effects on the progress of parturition as judged by cumulative piglet birth intervals. The regulation of the opioid inhibition of oxytocin and vasopressin during parturition is discussed in relation to other neurotransmitters and whether opioid inhibition of these neurohypophysial hormones is part of the 'normal' physiological response to parturition or whether it is stress-induced.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Linear Models', 'Naloxone', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Oxytocin', 'Pituitary Hormones, Posterior', 'Pregnancy', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Swine', 'Time Factors', 'Vasopressins']
| 10,856,881
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D06.472.699.631.692', 'D12.644.548.691.692'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-based intermittent preventive treatment, bed net use, and antenatal care during pregnancy: demographic trends and impact on the health of newborns in the Kassena Nankana District, northeastern Ghana.
|
Demographics and health practices of 2,232 pregnant women in rural northeastern Ghana and characteristics of their 2,279 newborns were analyzed to determine benefits associated with intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp), antenatal care, and/or bed net use during pregnancy. More than half reported bed net use, 90% reported at least two antenatal care visits, and > 82% took at least one IPTp dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Most used a bed net and IPTp (45%) or IPTp alone (38%). Low birth weight (< 2,500 grams) characterized 18.3% of the newborns and was significantly associated with female sex, Nankam ethnicity, first-born status, and multiple births. Among newborns of primigravidae, IPTp was associated with a significantly greater birth weight, significantly fewer low birth weight newborns, improved hemoglobin levels, and less anemia. Babies of multigravidae derived no benefit to birth weight or hemoglobin level from single or multiple doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy. No differences or benefits were seen when a bed net was the only protective factor.
|
['Anemia', 'Antimalarials', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Ghana', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Insecticides', 'Placenta Diseases', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Rural Population', 'Sulfadoxine']
| 20,595,482
|
[['C15.378.071'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D26.310'], ['E02.319.310'], ['Z01.058.290.190.320'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['C13.703.590'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.610.718', 'C13.703.700.680'], ['D03.383.742.675'], ['N01.600.725'], ['D02.065.884.725.765', 'D02.092.146.807.765', 'D02.886.590.700.725.765']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Local temporal common spatial patterns for robust single-trial EEG classification.
|
In this paper, we propose a novel optimal spatio-temporal filter, termed local temporal common spatial patterns (LTCSP), for robust single-trial elctroencephalogram (EEG) classification. Different from classical common spatial patterns (CSP) that uses only global spatial covariances to compute the optimal filter, LTCSP considers temporally local information in the variance modelling. The underlying manifold variances of EEG signals contain more discriminative information. LTCSP is an extension to CSP in the sense that CSP can be derived from LTCSP under a special case. By constructing an adjacency matrix, LTCSP is formulated as an eigenvalue problem. So, LTCSP is computationally as straightforward as CSP. However, LTCSP has better discrimination ability than CSP and is much more robust. Simulated experiment and real EEG classification demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LTCSP method.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Brain Mapping', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Humans', 'Motor Cortex', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated']
| 18,403,281
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['L01.399.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lifting without seeing: the role of vision in perceiving and acting upon the size weight illusion.
|
BACKGROUND: Our expectations of an object's heaviness not only drive our fingertip forces, but also our perception of heaviness. This effect is highlighted by the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), where different-sized objects of identical mass feel different weights. Here, we examined whether these expectations are sufficient to induce the SWI in a single wooden cube when lifted without visual feedback, by varying the size of the object seen prior to the lift.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Participants, who believed that they were lifting the same object that they had just seen, reported that the weight of the single, standard-sized cube that they lifted on every trial varied as a function of the size of object they had just seen. Seeing the small object before the lift made the cube feel heavier than it did after seeing the large object. These expectations also affected the fingertip forces that were used to lift the object when vision was not permitted. The expectation-driven errors made in early trials were not corrected with repeated lifting, and participants failed to adapt their grip and load forces from the expected weight to the object's actual mass in the same way that they could when lifting with vision.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Vision appears to be crucial for the detection, and subsequent correction, of the ostensibly non-visual grip and load force errors that are a common feature of this type of object interaction. Expectations of heaviness are not only powerful enough to alter the perception of a single object's weight, but also continually drive the forces we use to lift the object when vision is unavailable.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Illusions', 'Lifting', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Size Perception', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Weight Perception']
| 20,300,575
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.762.400', 'C23.888.592.604.764.400', 'F01.700.750.400', 'F02.463.593.446'], ['G01.374.669'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.463.593.725', 'F02.463.593.778.794'], ['G01.374.835'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['F02.463.593.959']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A virtual reality endoscopic simulator augments general surgery resident cancer education as measured by performance improvement.
|
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of death in the USA. The need for screening colonoscopies, and thus adequately trained endoscopists, particularly in rural areas, is on the rise. Recent increases in required endoscopic cases for surgical resident graduation by the Surgery Residency Review Committee (RRC) further emphasize the need for more effective endoscopic training during residency to determine if a virtual reality colonoscopy simulator enhances surgical resident endoscopic education by detecting improvement in colonoscopy skills before and after 6 weeks of formal clinical endoscopic training. We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected surgery resident data on an endoscopy simulator. Residents performed four different clinical scenarios on the endoscopic simulator before and after a 6-week endoscopic training course. Data were collected over a 5-year period from 94 different residents performing a total of 795 colonoscopic simulation scenarios. Main outcome measures included time to cecal intubation, "red out" time, and severity of simulated patient discomfort (mild, moderate, severe, extreme) during colonoscopy scenarios. Average time to intubation of the cecum was 6.8 min for those residents who had not undergone endoscopic training versus 4.4 min for those who had undergone endoscopic training (p < 0.001). Residents who could be compared against themselves (pre vs. post-training), cecal intubation times decreased from 7.1 to 4.3 min (p < 0.001). Post-endoscopy rotation residents caused less severe discomfort during simulated colonoscopy than pre-endoscopy rotation residents (4 vs. 10%; p = 0.004). Virtual reality endoscopic simulation is an effective tool for both augmenting surgical resident endoscopy cancer education and measuring improvement in resident performance after formal clinical endoscopic training.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Colonoscopy', 'Computer Simulation', 'Endoscopy, Digestive System', 'Female', 'General Surgery', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Patient Simulation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 24,493,635
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E01.370.372.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250', 'E04.210.240', 'E04.502.250.250'], ['H02.403.810.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['I02.903.847.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The potential role of cobalt ions released from metal prosthesis on the inhibition of Hv1 proton channels and the decrease in Staphyloccocus epidermidis killing by human neutrophils.
|
Infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis is a devastating complication of metal-on-metal (MM) total hip arthroplasty (THA). Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infection, and these innate immune cells are potentially exposed to Co(2+) ions released in the peri-prosthetic tissue by the wear of MM THA. The toxicity of Co(2+) is still debated, but Co(2+) is a potential inhibitor of the Hv1 proton channel that sustains the production of superoxide by neutrophils. In this study, we show that the Co(2+) concentration in peri-prosthetic tissue from patients with MM THA averages 53 ìM and that such high concentrations of Co(2+) alter the antibacterial activity of human neutrophils in vitro by inhibiting Hv1 proton channels. We show that submillimolar concentrations of Co(2+) inhibit proton currents, impair the extrusion of cytosolic acid, and decrease the production of superoxide in human neutrophils. As a result, Co(2+) reduces the ability of human neutrophils to kill two strains of Staphyloccocus epidermidis by up to 7-fold at the maximal concentration tested of 100 ìM Co(2+). By inhibiting proton channels, the Co(2+) ions released by metal prostheses might therefore promote bacterial infections in patients with metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Cobalt', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Ion Channels', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 21,138,781
|
[['A11.251'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['E07.695'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elevation of glucose in ocular compartments of developing chick embryos with glucocorticoid-induced cataract.
|
When 15-day-old developing chick embryos were administered hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium (HC:0.25 mumol per egg) the concentration of glucose in both the aqueous humor and the vitreous body began to increase significantly after 3 hr and reached 24.4 +/- 0.3 mM and 22.3 +/- 0.9 mM, respectively, at 48 hr. Thereafter, the levels decreased to the control by 100 hr. During the treatment period, the glucose concentration of the control aqueous humor and vitreous body remained at approximately 7.5 mM and 4.3 mM, respectively. These changes in glucose after HC administration were quite different from that of the lens in regard to the extent of increase and the lag time required to produce glucose accumulation. By in vitro and in ovo experiments, it was found that the environment surrounding lens, medium and ocular fluids, greatly influenced the level of lenticular glucose rather than any changes metabolic activities in the lens. A glucose threshold of near 15 mM in milieu was required to promote the accumulation glucose in the lens.
|
['Animals', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Cataract', 'Chick Embryo', 'Glucose', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Vitreous Body']
| 2,806,420
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.067.070', 'A12.207.270.040'], ['C11.510.245'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Case report: sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from the ureter: a rare case and a treatment dilemma.
|
We report an interesting case of a patient with sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from the left ureter who presented with left iliac fossa pain. The diagnosis was based on CT and histological findings. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from the ureter reported. The literature review also highlights the rarity and the poor prognosis of the disease despite aggressive interventions.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinosarcoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ureteral Neoplasms']
| 15,368,683
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.435.290', 'C04.557.450.795.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.940', 'C12.758.820.875', 'C12.777.725.676', 'C13.351.937.820.875', 'C13.351.968.725.676']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Apocynin and 1400 W prevents airway hyperresponsiveness during allergic reactions in mice.
|
1. The contribution of reactive nitrogen species to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic inflammation was investigated by the use of selective inhibitors of nitric oxide and superoxide formation. 2. Sensitized mice, repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin showed a significant (P<0.001, n=9) increase in airway responsiveness measured using whole body plethysmography. This hyperresponsiveness was accompanied by an influx of eosinophils into the airway lumen and increased levels of ovalbumin-specific serum IgE. 3. Treatment of mice with the iNOS inhibitor 1400 W or the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin did not significantly alter cellular influx into the airway lumen nor serum ovalbumin specific IgE. In contrast, apocynin as well as 1400 W inhibited ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively, n=9). Furthermore, the airways of allergen challenged animals showed clear 3-nitrotyrosine staining, which was mainly located in eosinophils. Remarkably, treatment with apocynin or 1400 W did not alter 3-nitrotyrosine staining. 4. These data suggest that the development of airway hyperresponsiveness during the airway inflammation upon ovalbumin challenge is dependent on the release of both superoxide and nitric oxide and is therefore likely to be dependent on reactive nitrogen species. This mechanism, however, is not reflected by 3-nitrotyrosine formation in the airways.
|
['Acetophenones', 'Amidines', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Benzylamines', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Eosinophils', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukin-5', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neutrophils', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Ovalbumin', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms', 'Tyrosine']
| 11,564,663
|
[['D02.522.120'], ['D02.078'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.092.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.140.210'], ['C08.127.210'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['C20.543'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['G06.320.676'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Non-lesional cerebellar damage in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: DTI measures predict early
|
Background: Today, no specific test for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is available due to the lack of characteristic symptoms at beginning. This circumstance also complicates estimation of disease progression. Recent findings provided evidence for early, non-lesional cerebellar damage in patients with (clinically definite) relapsing-remitting MS.Objective: To investigate if microstructural cerebellar alterations can also serve as early structural biomarker for disease progression and conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to MS.Methods: 46 patients diagnosed with CIS and 26 age-matched healthy controls were admitted to high-resolution MRI including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine atrophy and microstructural integrity of the cerebellum. Microstructural integrity of cerebellar white matter was assessed by fractional anisotropy (FA) as derived from DTI.Results: Although all 46 patients of our CIS cohort showed no cerebellar lesions in structural MRI (T1w, T2w, FLAIR), their mean cerebellar FA was already reduced compared to healthy controls. Significant FA reduction at follow-up DTI 6 months after baseline examination was observed. In 16 patients that converted to MS, we found a correlation between initial cerebellar FA and conversion latency (R = 0.71, p < 0.002). Initial cerebellar FA under FAcrit = 0.352 predicted conversion into relapsing-remitting MS within 24 months (FAcrit: mean cerebellar FA of patients with early MS, determined in another study).Conclusion: DTI seems to reflect early tissue injury in beginning MS, when atrophy and lesions are not yet detectable. Decreased cerebellar FA in patients with CIS might indicate an active and unstable disease stage, resulting in a shorter conversion time into MS.
|
['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Cerebellum', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'White Matter', 'Young Adult']
| 29,984,171
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['C10.314'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['A08.186.211.204', 'A08.186.854.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The haemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli induces the production of nitric oxide, which is associated with modulation of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leucocyte functions.
|
In an attempt to characterise the role of nitric oxide (NO) in immune responses of carp, carp leucocytes obtained during an acute T. borreli infection were examined, for their capacity to generate NO. In a second set of experiments the impact NO on viability of the parasite and on the modulation of functional carp leucocyte responses were tested in vitro. Both in carp head-kidneys and in the peripheral blood, the fractions of lymphoblasts among separated leucocytes were increased. However, the relative proportions of granulocytes among head-kidney leucocytes (HKL) significantly decreased during infection, whereas granulocytes appeared among peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL). The cellular dynamics of HKL and PBL of infected carp were paralleled by an enhanced spontaneous NO release in vitro. NO production was further increased after addition of viable parasites to these cultures. The hypothesis that NO had a possible role in granulocyte activation and lymphocyte proliferation in carp was supported by the reduction of mitogen-induced proliferative responses of PBL from healthy carp in the presence of NO donor substances. The negative effects of NO on lymphocyte proliferation were contrasted by enhancing effects on granulocyte functions: the inhibition of NO generation in T. borreli-stimulated HKL cultures by the l-arginine analogue L-NMMA reduced the viability of granulocytes and their phagocytic activity. Even massive amounts of nitric oxide produced by donor substances (up to 600 micromol l(-1) NO(-)(2)) caused no reduction in the numbers of viable T. borreli flagellates in vitro. Thus, in carp, T. borreli seems to induce high amounts of NO in vivo which are apparently not harmful for the parasite but which may interfere with co-ordinated interactions of activated cells aiming at the defence of the parasite.
|
['Animals', 'Carps', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Fish Diseases', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Kinetoplastida', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Nitrogen Oxides', 'Phagocytosis', 'Protozoan Infections', 'Protozoan Infections, Animal', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'S-Nitrosoglutathione', 'Spermine', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']
| 12,681,277
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['C22.362'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.268.475'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D27.505.519.656', 'D27.505.954.411.590'], ['D01.362.635', 'D01.625.550', 'D01.650.550.587'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['C01.610.752'], ['C01.610.701.688', 'C01.610.752.625', 'C22.674.710'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D02.654.846.500.249', 'D02.886.489.650.750', 'D12.644.456.448.750'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Larval ecomorphology of 13 Libellulidae (Anisoptera, Odonata) of the Middle Rio Doce Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
|
In the lakes of the Middle Rio Doce, Minas Gerais (MG), two groups of larval Libellulidae are distinguished by preferences of habitat use: one uses mainly aquatic macrophytes and the other uses the bottom substrate. The goal of this work was to verify if there is a morphological distinction between the two groups of species. Thirteen body measures were taken from the larvae and analyzed. No difference was found between the two groups of species regarding the body size, but shape differences were observed for two morphological variables. The species that use mainly macrophytes tend to have larger relative measures of the labium and smaller measures of the abdomen width. Advantages in resource obtainment and in vulnerability to predation are probably the explanations for the morphological divergence among these larval groups.
|
['Animals', 'Brazil', 'Ecosystem', 'Insecta', 'Larva', 'Principal Component Analysis']
| 18,470,400
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Epigenetic modification and antibody-dependent expansion of memory-like NK cells in human cytomegalovirus-infected individuals.
|
Long-lived "memory-like" NK cells have been identified in individuals infected by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), but little is known about how the memory-like NK cell pool is formed. Here, we have shown that HCMV-infected individuals have several distinct subsets of memory-like NK cells that are often deficient for multiple transcription factors and signaling proteins, including tyrosine kinase SYK, for which the reduced expression was stable over time and correlated with epigenetic modification of the gene promoter. Deficient expression of these proteins was largely confined to the recently discovered FcRã-deficient NK cells that display enhanced antibody-dependent functional activity. Importantly, FcRã-deficient NK cells exhibited robust preferential expansion in response to virus-infected cells (both HCMV and influenza) in an antibody-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the memory-like NK cell pool is shaped and maintained by a mechanism that involves both epigenetic modification of gene expression and antibody-dependent expansion.
|
['Antibodies', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus Infections', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Microarray Analysis', 'NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Signal Transduction', 'Syk Kinase']
| 25,786,175
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['C01.925.256.466.245'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.203'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['E05.588.570'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.810'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.650', 'D12.644.360.900', 'D12.776.476.913']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paraoxanase as an indicator of myocardial ischemia and its utility in determining extension of ischemia.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate Paraoxanase 1 (PON-1) activity in patients with ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine its correlation with Gensini scores (GSs).METHODS: A total of 109 patients with AMI and 58 healthy subjects as control group were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups as ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated AMI patients (Group I and II, respectively). Controls were named as Group III. PON-1 activity was determined on admission to emergency department for each group. In addition, GSs for patient groups were determined. Then, groups were compared according to their results.RESULTS: PON-1 levels in Group I and II were significantly lower when compared to Group III. Median GSs for Group I and II were 60 and 64, respectively. The cut-off value of PON-1 for diagnosis of AMI was ?180 U/L, which was identified by receiver characteristics receiver curve analysis. However, we could not determine a significant relationship between serum PON-1 levels and GSs in patients with AMI.CONCLUSION: PON-1 levels measured on admission to emergency department may be used to rule out AMI. PON-1 levels in AMI patients are found to be inefficient in determining extension of ischemia measured by GS.
|
['Aged', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Biomarkers', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 26,475,358
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Leukoencephalopathy with swelling, megalencephalopathy and surprisingly mild course. A case report].
|
Leukoencephalopathy with swelling and a discrepantly mild clinical course is a recently identified syndrome described by van der Knaap et al. It is characterised by macrocephaly occurring during the first year of life, initially normal or nearly normal development, slowly progressive ataxia and spasticity with initial preservation of intellectual functions. MRI shows diffuse abnormality of signal intensity in the hemisphere white matter with subcortical cyst-like spaces in the fronto-parietal and anterior temporal areas. The case of a 5-year-old boy whose clinical and neuroimaging findings are consistent with this syndrome is reported. The clinical and neuroimaging findings of this case may provide further information about this new syndrome which could possibly be useful also for genetic counselling.
|
['Brain', 'Brain Edema', 'Dementia, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 10,768,005
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['C10.228.140.300.400', 'C10.228.140.300.510.800.500', 'C10.228.140.380.230', 'C10.228.140.695.500', 'C14.907.137.126.372.500', 'C14.907.253.560.350.500', 'F03.615.400.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
New roles of low density lipoproteins and vitamin E in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
|
Accumulation of oxidized low density lipoproteins in macrophages and smooth muscle cells causes foam cell formation, an initial step in atherosclerosis. Active oxygen species are considered important in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antioxidants, such as tocopherols and tocotrienols have been considered to prevent the deleterious effects of active oxygen species. We found native low density lipoproteins can stimulate directly smooth muscle cell proliferation, it is associated with an increase of protein kinase C activity. d-alpha-Tocopherol, biologically most active form of vitamin E, inhibits both cell proliferation and protein kinase C activity. The effect of d-alpha-tocopherol is not related to its radical scavenging properties. Transforming growth factor-beta secreted by smooth muscle cells as growth inhibitor. Low density lipoproteins decrease the release of transforming growth factor-beta from smooth muscle cells thus activating growth. d-alpha-Tocopherol activates the cellular release of transforming growth factor-beta. These new aspects explain the important role of low density lipoproteins and vitamin E in increasing and decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis, respectively.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Cell Division', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Vitamin E']
| 7,735,126
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mobility of metal(loid)s at the sediment-water interface in two tourist port areas of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea).
|
One of the main environmental issues affecting coastal marine environments is the accumulation of contaminants in sediments and their potential mobility. In situ benthic chamber experiments were conducted at two tourist ports (marinas) located in the Gulf of Trieste, one in Slovenia and one in Italy. The aim was to understand if and where recycling at the sediment-water interface (SWI) may affect metal(loid)s. Short sediment cores were also collected near the chamber to investigate the solid (sediments) and dissolved phases (porewaters). Both diffusive and benthic fluxes were estimated to elucidate the release of metal(loid)s at the SWI. Total element concentrations and their labile fractions were determined in sediments to quantify their potential mobility. The total element contents were found to be two orders of magnitude higher in the Italian marina than in the Slovenian one, especially for Hg (up to 1000 mg kg-1), whereas the labile fraction was scarce or null. The opposite occurred in the Slovenian marina. Metal(loid)s in porewaters showed a clear diagenetic sequence and a close dependence upon the suboxic/anoxic conditions of sediments. The results suggest that although the sediments of the Italian marina exhibit the highest total metal(loid) concentration, these elements are scarcely remobilisable. Conversely, in the Slovenian marina, sediments seem to be comparatively more prone to release metal(loid)s at the SWI.
|
['Environmental Monitoring', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Italy', 'Mercury', 'Metals', 'Slovenia', 'Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 30,006,813
|
[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['D01.552'], ['Z01.542.248.820'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
HCV compliance and treatment success rates are higher with DAAs in structured HCV clinics compared to general hepatology clinics.
|
The real-world cure rates for hepatitis C (HCV) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) based on intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis may be lower than reported in the literature because of non-compliance.To determine whether patients treated in a structured outpatient HCV clinic (SHC) had higher compliance and treatment success rates compared to those treated in general hepatology clinics (GHC).In this study, we compared the treatment and compliance success rates of 488 and 840 patients treated in the SHC and GHC, respectively. The SHC required a pre-treatment clinic visit when patients picked up their initial medication, and received detailed education of the treatment plan and follow-up. In the GHC, the medications were delivered to patients' homes, and there was less formal education. Compliance success was defined as a combination of treatment completion and obtaining at least 1 post-treatment viral load at week 4 or 12. Treatment success was defined as either SVR4 or SVR12.Fifty of 488 (10.3%) patients from the SHC and 163 of 840 (19.4%) patients from the GHC were lost to follow-up (P < .0001). sustained virological response (SVR) rates were similar in compliant patients in both the SHC (419/438, 95.6%) and GHC (642/677, 94.8%), but treatment success rates by intention to treat (ITT) (overall 79.9%) were higher in SHC compared to GHC (85.9% vs 76.4%, P < .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that female patients (P = .01), older age (P = .0005), treatment in SHC (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.3, P = .0008), and sofosbuvir/simeprevir compared to sofosbuvir/ledipasvir had higher odds of compliance success; elbasvir/grazoprevir or dasabuvir/ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir had lower odds of compliance success compared to sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Female patients (P = .02), older age (P < .0001), previous treatment (P = .03), treatment in SHC (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.3, P = .0008), and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir compared to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, sofosbuvir, or elbasvir/grazoprevir had higher odds of treatment success. With 1:1 matching, the SHC group still had significantly higher odds than the GHC group of achieving treatment and compliance success.Our study shows that the effectiveness of HCV treatment could be improved by coordinating treatment in a structured HCV clinic.
|
['Ambulatory Care', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Specialization', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,305,402
|
[['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['H02.811'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In silico prediction of long intergenic non-coding RNAs in sheep.
|
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed RNA molecules >200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins and serve as key regulators of diverse biological processes. Recently, thousands of long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), a type of lncRNAs, have been identified in mammalians using massive parallel large sequencing technologies. The availability of the genome sequence of sheep (Ovis aries) has allowed us genomic prediction of non-coding RNAs. This is the first study to identify lincRNAs using RNA-seq data of eight different tissues of sheep, including brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, skin, and white adipose. A computational pipeline was employed to characterize 325 putative lincRNAs with high confidence from eight important tissues of sheep using different criteria such as GC content, exon number, gene length, co-expression analysis, stability, and tissue-specific scores. Sixty-four putative lincRNAs displayed tissues-specific expression. The highest number of tissues-specific lincRNAs was found in skin and brain. All novel lincRNAs that aligned to the human and mouse lincRNAs had conserved synteny. These closest protein-coding genes were enriched in 11 significant GO terms such as limb development, appendage development, striated muscle tissue development, and multicellular organismal development. The findings reported here have important implications for the study of sheep genome.
|
['Animals', 'Base Composition', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Exons', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Organ Specificity', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Sheep', 'Transcriptome']
| 27,002,388
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.080'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['G07.650'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polymorphisms of IL-17 and ICAM-1 and their expression in Guillain-Barr? syndrome.
|
PURPOSE: Guillain-Barr? syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory, autoimmune disorder of peripheral nervous system. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) polymorphisms with higher expression levels have already been studied in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the possible role of IL-17 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms in GBS remains unknown. Therefore, the current study investigated IL-17 (His161Arg and Glu126Gly) and ICAM-1 (Gly241Arg) polymorphisms.MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, total 80 GBS patients and 75 normal healthy controls were included. IL-17 (His161Arg and Glu126Gly) and ICAM-1 (Gly241Arg) polymorphisms were performed using polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Further, the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-17 was determined by reverse-transcriptase PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: IL-17 (Glu126Gly) mutant and ICAM-1 (Gly241Arg) heterozygous genotypes were strongly associated with increased risk of GBS (p < 0.016; OR = 3.706, 95% CI = 1.28-10.67; p < 0.001; OR = 4.148, 95% CI = 2.119-8.119, respectively). IL-17 and ICAM-1 genes showed significantly higher expression in GBS when compared with healthy controls.CONCLUSION: IL-17 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms showed significant association with GBS and their enhanced expressions have possible role in GBS development. IL-17 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms could be genetic markers to GBS susceptibility.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Guillain-Barre Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Interleukin-17', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Young Adult']
| 27,595,159
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['G05.297'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['C10.114.750.100', 'C10.314.750.450', 'C10.668.829.350', 'C10.668.829.800.750.300', 'C20.111.258.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.517', 'D12.776.467.374.465.517', 'D23.529.374.465.517'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cell-to-cell interaction between N-13A ascitic hepatoma cells and normal cells maintained in short-term co-cultures: an optical, transmission and scanning electron microscopical study.
|
N-13A malignant ascitic hepatoma, induced by 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in Wistar rats, does not produce distant mestastases when transplanted in vivo. The mixed co-cultures of N-13A tumor cells and several tissue explants of newborn Wistar rats show selective adhesivity between tumoral and hepatic epithelial cells, but not with fibroblast-like cells of nervous tissue, kidney or diaphragm. In short-term co-cultures, N-13A cells in contact with rat hepatocytes prepared by the collagenase perfusion technique, display a selective adherence capacity with the production of abundant microvilli and fingerlike protrusions (microspikes) which are elaborated by the neoplastic cells. Groups of tumoral cells tightly envelop the free surface of the cultured hepatocytes. Tight-junction formations are observed, and immature desmosomes and polydesmosomic systems are also seen between both tumoral and normal cells.
|
['Animals', 'Ascites', 'Cell Communication', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,880,156
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.081'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New bioactive fungal molecules with high antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity isolated from Cerrena unicolor idiophasic cultures.
|
Three bioactive fractions, extracellular laccase (ex-LAC), crude endopolysaccharides (c-EPL), and a low molecular subfraction of secondary metabolites (ex-LMS), were isolated from the idiophasic cultures of the white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor. For the first time, we determined the antioxidant properties of these samples by chemiluminometric measurement (a) and assessment of the scavenging effect on ABTS (b) and the DPPH reduction rate (c). The highest reducing capability was found for the ex-LMS fraction: 39-90% for (a), 20-90% for (b), and 10-59% for (c) at the concentration of 6.25-800 µg/mL. The scavenging abilities of the C. unicolor c-EPL were between 36 and 70% for (a), 2 and 60% for (b), and 28 and 32% for (c) at the concentration of 6.25-800 µg/mL. A very high prooxidative potential was observed for the ex-LAC probes. The preliminary toxicity tests were done using the Microtox system and revealed the following percentage of the toxic effect against Vibrio fischeri: 85.37% for c-EPL, 50.67% for ex-LAC, and 99.8% for ex-LMS, respectively. The ex-LAC sample showed the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, c-EPL against Staphylococcus aureus, and ex-LMS against both bacterial strains, respectively, but the stronger inhibitory effect was exerted on S. aureus.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Laccase', 'Polyporaceae', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 23,936,810
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.494'], ['B01.300.179.120.760'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The controlled-environment chamber: a new mouse model of dry eye.
|
PURPOSE: To develop a controlled-environment chamber (CEC) for mice and verify the effects of a low-humidity setting on ocular surface signs in normal mice.METHODS: Eight- to 12-week-old BALB/c mice were used in a controlled-environment chamber (CEC) where relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), and airflow (AF) are regulated and monitored. Mice were placed into the CEC and exposed to specific environmentally controlled conditions (RH = 18.5% +/- 5.1%, AF = 15 L/min, T = 21-23 degrees C) for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Control mice were kept in a normal environment (RH = 50%-80%, no AF, T = 21-23 degrees C) for the same duration. Aqueous tear production by means of the cotton thread test, corneal fluorescein staining (score, 0-15), and goblet cell density in the superior and inferior conjunctiva were measured by a masked observer.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the groups were found at baseline. Decreased tear secretion and increased corneal fluorescein staining were significantly present on day 3, 7, 14, and 28 in animals kept in the CEC. Goblet cell density was significantly decreased in the superior conjunctiva on day 7, and on day 3, 7, and 14 in the inferior conjunctiva in the CEC-kept mice compared with control animals.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that exposure of normal mice to a low-humidity environment in a CEC can lead to significant alterations in tear secretion, goblet cell density, and acquisition of dry eye-related ocular surface signs.
|
['Air', 'Animals', 'Atmosphere Exposure Chambers', 'Cell Count', 'Conjunctiva', 'Cornea', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dry Eye Syndromes', 'Environment, Controlled', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Fluorescein', 'Goblet Cells', 'Humidity', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Tears', 'Temperature']
| 16,043,849
|
[['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['B01.050'], ['E07.079'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C11.496.260'], ['N06.230.150'], ['A11.436'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.390', 'D03.633.300.953.275.390', 'D04.711.347.390'], ['A03.556.124.369.320', 'A04.329.597.320', 'A04.531.520.320', 'A04.760.259', 'A10.615.550.444.321', 'A10.615.550.760.520.320', 'A10.615.550.760.600.320', 'A11.436.298'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['A12.200.882'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interrelation of Hydration, Collagen Cross-Linking Treatment, and Biomechanical Properties of the Cornea.
|
PURPOSE: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of hydration and collagen cross-linking treatment on biomechanical properties of the cornea.METHODS: The original corneal collagen cross-linking protocol was used to induce cross-links in bovine corneas. The thickness of samples was used as a measure of their hydration and five different thickness groups (n = 5 each) were considered. The cross-linked corneal strips were allowed to hydrate/dehydrate until their thickness reached 500, 700, 900, 1100, and 1500 ìm. The tensile behavior of specimens in each thickness group was characterized by conducting uniaxial tensile experiments. The experiments were done in mineral oil in order to keep the thickness of samples constant and minimize hydration changes.RESULTS: It was observed that collagen cross-linking treatment significantly increased both the maximum tensile stress and the equilibrium (relaxed) stress of the bovine cornea (p < 0.01). Furthermore, with increasing the thickness (hydration) of the collagen cross-linked samples, their tensile stiffness significantly decreased (p < 0.01). An exponential relation and a logarithmic expression successfully represented experimentally measured stress-strain behavior and relaxation response of all groups (r(2 )> 0.99), respectively.CONCLUSION: Hydration and collagen cross-linking treatment concomitantly affect biomechanical properties of the cornea. Therefore, an accurate estimate of stiffening effects of collagen cross-linking treatment option using uniaxial tensile experiments is only possible if the hydration of specimens is fully controlled.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Collagen', 'Cornea', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Elasticity', 'Models, Animal', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Riboflavin', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 26,126,201
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['G01.374.590'], ['E05.598'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanisms involved in the invasion of bone by oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are poorly understood, and little is known about the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the presence of which confers a poor prognosis.METHODS: Clinicopathological data from 277 OSCC cases involving bone resections were reviewed, and 32 cases thoroughly analysed histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine áSMA, RANKL and OPG. Western blotting and qPCR were used to assess myofibroblast (CAF-like) differentiation, RANKL and OPG expression in vitro, and RANKL secretion was analysed by ELISA. Osteoclastogenesis was examined using TRAP staining, multinucleation and pit forming assays.RESULTS: Fibrous stroma intervened between tumour and bone in the majority of cases, with no direct contact between cancer cells and bone. RANKL and OPG, two proteins key to regulating bone resorption, were expressed in tumour cells as well as fibrous stroma adjacent to bone and áSMA-positive myofibroblastic CAF were consistently seen infiltrating into bone ahead of tumour cells. Human primary osteoblasts cultured with conditioned media from human OSCC-derived cells and human primary CAF showed a significant increase in RANKL and a decline in OPG mRNA expression. RANKL secretion was significantly increased in primary oral fibroblasts induced to differentiate into a CAF-like phenotype by transforming growth factor-â1 (TGF-â1) treatment and in primary CAF. Indirect co-culture of murine macrophages with conditioned media from CAF (experimentally derived and isolated from OSCCs) resulted in a marked increase in osteoclastogenesis (in excess of that provoked by cancer cells) determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, multinucleation and resorption pit formation.CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to describe a functional role for CAFs in bone invasion and turnover, identifying a novel potential therapeutic target and diagnostic indicator in this difficult to treat bone invasive malignancy.
|
['Actins', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Osteogenesis', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'RANK Ligand', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B', 'Ribosomal Proteins', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 28,742,795
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['A11.329.228.105'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.575'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.624'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.345'], ['D12.776.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
FBXO32 suppresses breast cancer tumorigenesis through targeting KLF4 to proteasomal degradation.
|
Kr?ppel-like factor 4 (KLF4, GKLF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor involved in a large variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, as well as stem cell renewal. KLF4 is critical for cell fate decision and has an ambivalent role in tumorigenesis. Emerging data keep reminding us that KLF4 dysregulation either facilitates or impedes tumor progression, making it important to clarify the regulating network of KLF4. Like most transcription factors, KLF4 has a rather short half-life within the cell and its turnover must be carefully orchestrated by ubiquitination and ubiquitin-proteasome system. To better understand the mechanism of KLF4 ubiquitination, we performed a genome-wide screen of E3 ligase small interfering RNA library based on western blot and identified SCF-FBXO32 to be a new E3 ligase, which is responsible for KLF4 ubiquitination and degradation. The F-box domain is critical for FBXO32-dependent KLF4 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FBXO32 physically interacts with the N-terminus (1-60 aa) of KLF4 via its C-terminus (228-355 aa) and directly targets KLF4 for ubiquitination and degradation. We also found out that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may be implicated in FBXO32-mediated ubiquitination of KLF4, as p38 kinase inhibitor coincidently abrogates endogenous KLF4 ubiquitination and degradation, as well as FBXO32-dependent exogenous KLF4 ubiquitination and degradation. Finally, FBXO32 inhibits colony formation in vitro and primary tumor initiation and growth in vivo through targeting KLF4 into degradation. Our findings thus further elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of FBXO32 in breast cancer. These results expand our understanding of the posttranslational modification of KLF4 and of its role in breast cancer development and provide a potential target for diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of breast cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Ubiquitin', 'Ubiquitination', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 28,068,319
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.522', 'D12.776.930.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.750'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.947.500'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glucocorticoid action on depolarization-dependent calcium influx in brain synaptosomes.
|
Synaptic plasma membranes from the brain are known to have specific binding sites for several steroid hormones, but the mechanism of membrane transduction of steroid signals is not understood. In this study, corticosterone was found to stimulate 45Ca2+ uptake in brain synaptosomes upon depolarization of the synaptosomes by high K+ (70 mM). The stimulation of the depolarization-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake by corticosterone is concentration dependent, with the maximal effect occurring at steroid concentration of 5-10 x 10(-7) M (70-80% above control). The EC50 is estimated as 1.3 x 10(-7) M, which is almost identical to the Kd of the specific binding of the steroid to synaptic membranes (1.2 x 10(-7) M) reported previously. The stimulation of 45Ca2+ uptake in brain synaptosomes is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective. [3H]Nitrendipine binding was used to examine the effect of corticosterone on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. No effect on [3H]nitrendipine binding was found when disrupted synaptic membranes were preincubated with the steroid. However, a significant increase of membrane binding of [3H]nitrendipine was found when intact synaptosomes were first preincubated with the steroid at 37 degrees C and then disrupted. Steroid preincubation of synaptosomes at 0 degrees C was ineffective. Since preincubation at 37 degrees C is required, it appears that metabolic processes modulating Ca2+ channel activity are involved in the steroid action.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channels', 'Calcium Radioisotopes', 'Corticosterone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophysiology', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Nitrendipine', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Synaptosomes']
| 8,022,521
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D01.268.552.100.500.325', 'D01.496.098.325', 'D01.496.749.113', 'D01.552.539.288.500.325'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.725.203.590'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.284.835.859']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of an anti-microbial peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system: a novel approach towards pH-responsive anti-microbial peptides.
|
On one hand, the application of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) in the construction of AMPs-mediated drug delivery system has not yet been fully exploited; on the other hand, its non-selectivity in vivo has also limited its clinical application. In this work, we chose one pH-responsive peptide, [D]-H6L9, and functionalized it onto the surface of liposomes (D-Lip). The protonation of histidines in the sequence of [D]-H6L9 under pH 6.3 could switch the surface charge of D-Lip from negative (under pH 7.4) to positive (under pH 6.3), and the cellular uptake and tumor spheroids uptake were increased accordingly. Lysosome co-localization assay suggested that there was only little overlap of D-Lip with lysosomes in 12 h, which indicated that D-Lip could escape lysosomes effectively. In vivo biodistribution assay on C26 tumor-bearing BALB/C mice showed that DiR-labeled D-Lip could reach tumors as much as PEG-Lip, and both tumor slices and quantitative measurement of dispersed cells of in vivo tumors by flow cytometry demonstrated that D-Lip could be taken up by tumors more efficiently. Therefore, we have established an anti-microbial peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system for tumor delivery.
|
['Animals', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Liposomes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oligopeptides', 'Paclitaxel', 'Particle Size', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 25,693,639
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Salmonella typhimurium induces IFN-gamma production in murine splenocytes. Role of natural killer cells and macrophages.
|
IFN-gamma is a cytokine known to play an important role in host defense against Salmonella typhimurium. The lymphoid cells required for in vitro production of IFN-gamma after S. typhimurium stimulation of mouse spleen cells was investigated. Spleen cells depleted of cells bearing NK1.1, asialo GM1, Thy 1.2, or CD5 resulted in a significant reduction in IFN-gamma production after stimulation with S. typhimurium. In contrast, Con A-induced IFN-gamma production was only slightly reduced after depletion of NK1.1- or asialo GM1-bearing cells. Spleen cells from SCID mice produced elevated levels of IFN-gamma after stimulation with S. typhimurium. IFN-gamma production by SCID spleen cells was dependent upon asialo GM1+ T cells, suggesting that NK cells were the cells producing IFN-gamma in response to S. typhimurium. Splenic adherent cells were required for optimal IFN-gamma production. However, direct contact between the adherent and nylon wool nonadherent (NWNA) cell populations was not essential. IFN-gamma production was observed when the adherent and NWNA cell populations were physically separated or when supernatant from S. typhimurium-stimulated adherent cells was added to NWNA cells. Optimal IFN-gamma production was dependent on the presence of TNF-alpha, inasmuch as addition of antibody to TNF-alpha to spleen cell or NWNA cell cultures significantly reduced IFN-gamma production. However, addition of rTNF-alpha did not induce IFN-gamma production by NWNA cells. These findings document the existence of a T-independent mechanism for early IFN-gamma production in response to S. typhimurium, and show that TNF-alpha is necessary but not sufficient for the production of IFN-gamma.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Spleen', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 8,473,744
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of postural stress on left ventricular performance using the continuous-wave Doppler technique.
|
To evaluate the effect of postural shifts on continuous-wave Doppler indices of left ventricular performance in normal man, we recorded Doppler signals suprasternally in 69 healthy volunteers, ranging in age from 20 to 86 years, in the supine position and 2 min after assumption of sitting and standing postures. All indices decreased progressively with increasing orthostasis: peak acceleration (PKA): 15.6 +/- 4.5 m/s2 to 14.0 +/- 4.0 m/s2 to 13.6 +/- 4.6 m/s2; peak velocity (PKV): 0.64 +/- 0.18 m/s to 0.58 +/- 0.17 m/s to 0.56 +/- 0.17 m/s; stroke distance (SD): 11.4 +/- 3.7 cm to 9.8 +/- 3.4 cm to 8.0 +/- 2.8 cm; SD x heart rate (VIH): 717 +/- 272 cm to 655 +/- 268 cm to 572 +/- 217 cm, from supine to sitting to standing, respectively (p less than 0.001). In contrast heart rate increased modestly from 62.4 +/- 10.0 bpm supine, to 66.9 +/- 12.4 bpm sitting, to 71.3 +/- 9.9 bpm standing (p less than .001). Similar postural changes in Doppler variables were seen in all three age groups (20 to 44 years; 45 to 64 years; and 65 to 86 years). Thus, orthostasis in normal subjects is accompanied by a reduction in all continuous-wave Doppler indices of left ventricular performance, regardless of age.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Aorta', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Posture', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 1,889,267
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.695'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The ArgP protein stimulates the Klebsiella pneumoniae gdhA promoter in a lysine-sensitive manner.
|
The lysine-sensitive factor that binds to the upstream region of the Klebsiella pneumoniae gdhA promoter and stimulates gdhA transcription during growth in minimal medium has been proposed to be the K. pneumoniae ArgP protein (M. R. Nandineni, R. S. Laishram, and J. Gowrishankar, J. Bacteriol. 186:6391-6399, 2004). A knockout mutation of the K. pneumoniae argP gene was generated and used to assess the roles of exogenous lysine and argP in the regulation of the gdhA promoter. Disruption of argP reduced the strength and the lysine-dependent regulation of the gdhA promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using crude extracts prepared from wild-type and argP-defective strains indicted the presence of an argP-dependent factor whose ability to bind the gdhA promoter was lysine sensitive. DNase I footprinting studies using purified K. pneumoniae ArgP protein indicated that ArgP bound the region that lies approximately 50 to 100 base pairs upstream of the gdhA transcription start site in a manner that was sensitive to the presence of lysine. Substitutions within the region bound by ArgP affected the binding of ArgP to the gdhA promoter region in vitro and the argP-dependent stimulation of the gdhA promoter in vivo. These observations suggest that elevated intracellular levels of lysine reduce the affinity of ArgP for its binding site at the gdhA promoter, preventing ArgP from binding to and stimulating transcription from the promoter in vivo.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA Footprinting', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Lysine', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 18,424,527
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.393.300'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['G05.308.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Are sugars-free medicines more erosive than sugars-containing medicines? An in vitro study of paediatric medicines with prolonged oral clearance used regularly and long-term by children.
|
OBJECTIVE: The reduced use of sugars-containing (SC) liquid medicines has increased the use of other dose forms, potentially resulting in more widespread dental effects, including tooth wear. The aim of this study was to assess the erosive potential of 97 paediatric medicines in vitro.METHODS: The study took the form of in vitro measurement of endogenous pH and titratable acidity (mmol). Endogenous pH was measured using a pH meter, followed by titration to pH 7.0 with 0.1-M NaOH.RESULTS: Overall, 55 (57%) formulations had an endogenous pH of < 5.5. The mean (+/- SD) endogenous pH and titratable acidity for 41 SC formulations were 5.26 +/- 1.30 and 0.139 +/- 0.133 mmol, respectively; for 56 sugars-free (SF) formulations, these figures were 5.73 +/- 1.53 and 0.413 +/- 1.50 mmol (P > 0.05). Compared with their SC bioequivalents, eight SF medicines showed no significant differences for pH or titratable acidity, while 15 higher-strength medicines showed lower pH (P = 0.035) and greater titratable acidity (P = 0.016) than their lower-strength equivalents. Chewable and dispersible tablets (P < 0.001), gastrointestinal medicines (P = 0.002) and antibiotics (P = 0.007) were significant predictors of higher pH. In contrast, effervescent tablets (P < 0.001), and nutrition and blood preparations (P = 0.021) were significant predictors of higher titratable acidity.CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric SF medicines were not more erosive than SC medicines in vitro; a more significant predictor of their erosive potential was dose form.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Mouth', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Pharmaceutical Vehicles', 'Sucrose', 'Sweetening Agents', 'Titrimetry', 'Tooth Erosion']
| 17,559,449
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C25.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['D26'], ['D26.650.700', 'D27.720.744.770', 'E02.319.300.754'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700'], ['E05.196.922'], ['C07.793.818.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Resting metabolic rate in obese, premenopausal black women.
|
In the United States, obesity is more prevalent in black than in non-Hispanic white women. Because low resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been suggested as a risk factor for weight gain, we compared RMR in 22 black and 20 white obese [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) range: 28.9-48.6 and 26.9-44.1, respectively], weight-stable, premenopausal, nondiabetic women. RMR was measured on two or three different occasions within a 1-wk period. The black and white groups did not differ significantly in age, degree of fitness, BMI, fat mass, or fat-free mass (FFM). In each group, RMR was predicted independently by FFM but not by age, degree of fitness, body fat mass, or body fat distribution. The slopes of the equations predicting RMR from FFM in black and white groups were not significantly different. However, the black women had significantly lower RMRs than the white women after adjustment for FFM measured by five body-composition models: dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hydrodensitometry, total body water, a three-compartment model, a four-compartment model, as well as for the absolute total-body potassium content as a measure of metabolically active FFM. By each analysis, the black women had significantly lower (P < 0.01) FFM-adjusted RMR than the white women; this difference ranged from 671 to 889 kJ/d depending on the body-composition method used to estimate FFM. This could contribute to the difference in the prevalence of obesity in the populations represented by these groups.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Anthropometry', 'Basal Metabolism', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Water', 'Calorimetry', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Physical Fitness', 'Premenopause']
| 9,280,169
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G03.295.154'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['A12.207.200'], ['E05.196.131'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of air pollutants with tunable diode lasers.
|
Preliminary experiments indicate that tunable Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Te diode lasers will be useful in the identification and sensitive detection of most of the atmospheric pollutant gases. For point-sampling applications, concentrations in the parts-per-billion range should be measurable with very high specificity. For long-range atmospheric transmission techniques, the improved resolution capability and tunability of these diode lasers make them attractive replacements for spectrometers and fixed-frequency laser sources where operation at cryogenic temperatures is not a serious impediment. By using these lasers as tunable local oscillators in the infrared heterodyne configuration, remote passive detection of gases present in smokestack effluent appears possible. Finally, pulsed operation at temperatures available with simple cryogenic coolers permits immediate application to the fast detection of gases present in automobile exhaust and in chemical processing plants.
|
['Air Pollution', 'Ammonia', 'Atmospheric Pressure', 'Cold Temperature', 'Ethylenes', 'Fluorides', 'Gases', 'Infrared Rays', 'Lasers', 'Lead', 'Methods', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Tellurium', 'Tin']
| 5,540,302
|
[['N06.850.460.100'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['G16.500.750.274', 'N06.230.300.100.185'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D02.455.326.271.367'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['D01.362'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['E05.581'], ['E05.196.867'], ['D01.268.185.950', 'D01.268.513.968'], ['D01.268.556.875', 'D01.552.544.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Depression, quality of life, and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the contributions of diabetic complications to depression beyond the contributions of demographic characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further, this article evaluates the contributions of diabetic complications, depression, and quality of life to A1C (also know as HbA1c) beyond the contributions of demographic characteristics in individuals with type 2 diabetes.DATA SOURCES: A cross-sectional survey of 55 individuals with type 2 diabetes attending an inner city diabetes specialty clinic. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory - II, the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report, the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36, and a demographic questionnaire. A1C and diabetes-related comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records.CONCLUSIONS: Being younger and female were associated with depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes. After controlling for age and gender, neuropathy tended to add to the prediction of depression; other comorbidities did not. Being black was associated with poor diabetic control (A1C > 7). After controlling for race, neuropathy and retinopathy predicted poor diabetes control and depression tended to predict poor diabetes control.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Given the high prevalence of depression, the relationship of depression with poor diabetic self-care and medication adherence, and the increased cost of treatment for patients with depression among individuals with type 2 diabetes, assessment of depression is crucial. Further research is needed to establish effective treatment of depression and its effect on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors']
| 19,366,380
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F03.600.300'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Metaproteomics reveals functional shifts in microbial and human proteins during a preterm infant gut colonization case.
|
Microbial colonization of the human gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in establishing health and homeostasis. However, the time-dependent functional signatures of microbial and human proteins during early colonization of the gut have yet to be determined. To this end, we employed shotgun proteomics to simultaneously monitor microbial and human proteins in fecal samples from a preterm infant during the first month of life. Microbial community complexity increased over time, with compositional changes that were consistent with previous metagenomic and rRNA gene data. More specifically, the function of the microbial community initially involved biomass growth, protein production, and lipid metabolism, and then switched to more complex metabolic functions, such as carbohydrate metabolism, once the community stabilized and matured. Human proteins detected included those responsible for epithelial barrier function and antimicrobial activity. Some neutrophil-derived proteins increased in abundance early in the study period, suggesting activation of the innate immune system. Likewise, abundances of cytoskeletal and mucin proteins increased later in the time course, suggestive of subsequent adjustment to the increased microbial load. This study provides the first snapshot of coordinated human and microbial protein expression in a preterm infant's gut during early development.
|
['Feces', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Metagenomics', 'Microbiota', 'Proteomics']
| 26,077,811
|
[['A12.459'], ['A03.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Predictors of ischaemic mitral regurgitation recurrence in patients undergoing combined surgery: additional value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
|
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate (i) the effectiveness of combined surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting with restrictive mitral valve annuloplasty) and (ii) the late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based predictors of ischaemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) recurrence.METHODS: The prospective analysis included 40 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, IMR >II° and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction undergoing combined surgery. The degree of IMR and LV parameters were assessed preoperatively by transthoracic echocardiography, 3D transoesophageal echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance and postoperatively by transthoracic echocardiography. The effective mitral valve repair group (n = 30) was defined as having recurrent ischaemic mitral regurgitation (RIMR) ?II° at the end of follow-up (25 ± 11 months).RESULTS: The surgery was effective: freedom from RIMR >II° at 1 and 2 years after surgery was 80% and 75%, respectively. Using multivariable logistic regression, 2 independent predictors of RIMR >II° were identified: ?3 non-viable LV segments (odds ratio 22, P = 0.027) and ?1 non-viable segment in the LV posterior wall (odds ratio 11, P = 0.026). Using classification trees, the best combinations of cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based and 3D transoesophageal echocardiography-based predictors for RIMR >II° were (i) posterior mitral valve leaflet angle >40° and LV end-systolic volume index >45 ml/m2 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 89%) and (ii) scar transmurality >68% in the inferior LV wall and EuroSCORE II >8 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 78%).CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear relationship between the amount of non-viable LV segments, especially in the LV posterior and inferior walls, and the recurrence of IMR after the combined surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Contrast Media', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Female', 'Gadolinium', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Annuloplasty', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Myocardium', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 29,534,177
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.230', 'E01.370.350.400.200', 'E01.370.350.850.220.230', 'E01.370.370.380.220.230'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.100.376.062.500', 'E04.928.220.109.500'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical significance of the immunostimulatory MHC class I chain-related molecule A and NKG2D receptor on NK cells in pancreatic cancer.
|
The aim of this paper was to determine the clinical significance of the MHC class I chain-related molecule A(MICA) and NKG2D receptor on NK cells in pancreatic cancer. We compared MICA expression in malignant (n = 103), inflammatory (n = 28), and normal (n = 17) pancreatic tissues using immunohistochemistry and assessed serum levels of soluble MICA (sMICA) and NKG2D expression on NK cells in patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 103), in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 28), and in healthy volunteers (n = 43). Expression of MICA was detected in 89.3% of pancreatic cancer tissues, whereas fewer were expressed in inflammatory and normal pancreatic tissues. The levels of sMICA were frequently elevated in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The elevation of sMICA was associated with down-regulated NKG2D expression and impaired activity of NK cells. The successful tumor resection significantly decreased serum levels of sMICA and increased the NKG2D expression; there was an inverse correlation between change in sMICA levels and that in NKG2D expression. MICA expression, preoperative sMICA levels and NKG2D intensity were found to be independent prognostic factors in resected pancreatic cancer. This study supports the clinical significance of release of MICA for the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. The successful tumor resection for pancreatic cancer may have a beneficial effect on NKG2D-mediated antitumor immunity. Our results also suggest sMICA and NKG2D expression on NK cells may be useful to identify risk patients at time point of diagnosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal', 'Cell Separation', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis']
| 20,354,827
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.750', 'C04.557.470.615.132.750', 'C04.588.274.761.750', 'C04.588.322.475.750', 'C06.301.761.750', 'C06.689.667.625', 'C19.344.421.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.910'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cytokeratins mediate epithelial innate defense through their antimicrobial properties.
|
Epithelial cells express antimicrobial proteins in response to invading pathogens, although little is known regarding epithelial defense mechanisms during healthy conditions. Here we report that epithelial cytokeratins have innate defense properties because they constitutively produce cytoprotective antimicrobial peptides. Glycine-rich C-terminal fragments derived from human cytokeratin 6A were identified in bactericidal lysate fractions of human corneal epithelial cells. Structural analysis revealed that these keratin-derived antimicrobial peptides (KDAMPs) exhibited coil structures with low á-helical content. Synthetic analogs of these KDAMPS showed rapid bactericidal activity against multiple pathogens and protected epithelial cells against bacterial virulence mechanisms, while a scrambled peptide showed no bactericidal activity. However, the bactericidal activity of a specific KDAMP was somewhat reduced by glycine-alanine substitutions. KDAMP activity involved bacterial binding and permeabilization, but the activity was unaffected by peptide charge or physiological salt concentration. Knockdown of cytokeratin 6A markedly reduced the bactericidal activity of epithelial cell lysates in vitro and increased the susceptibility of murine corneas to bacterial adherence in vivo. These data suggest that epithelial cytokeratins function as endogenous antimicrobial peptides in the host defense against infection and that keratin-derived antimicrobials may serve as effective therapeutic agents.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Wall', 'Conjunctivitis, Bacterial', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Keratin-6', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 23,006,328
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['B03'], ['G06.099.050'], ['E05.242.251'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.183'], ['C01.150.252.289.225', 'C01.375.354.220', 'C11.187.183.220', 'C11.294.354.220'], ['A11.436'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.600.600', 'D12.776.220.475.450.600.600', 'D12.776.860.607.650.600'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Insertion sequence elements in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis.
|
Two variants of insertion sequence IS231, named IS231G and H, were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E-10-2 (BTD2), an isolate toxic to dipteran insects, and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. They are encoded consecutively as direct repeats on an EcoRI fragment of 5.6 kilo base pairs. Direct tandem repeats of IS231 elements have not been previously reported. Both elements are closely related to other members of the IS231 family that have been isolated from B. thuringiensis strains toxic to lepidopteran as well as to dipteran insects. A close correlation exists between the evolutionary relationships of the IS231 sequences determined to data and the toxicity spectrum of the host cell. Probing of BTD2 DNA with a radiolabeled IS231G fragment demonstrated that IS231 elements are located on 55- and 34-MDa plasmids as well as on chromosomal DNA. Chromosomal DNA, but not plasmids, from BTD2 also hybridizes to another, unrelated insertion sequence, IS240, from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, an isolate toxic to dipteran insects. BTD2, therefore, contains IS elements once thought to reside exclusively in either dipteran- or lepidopteran-specific subspecies of B. thuringiensis.
|
['Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Probes', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Endotoxins', 'Hemolysin Proteins', 'Insect Control', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Precursors', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 8,395,964
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['D23.946.123.090'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['D12.776.543.695.444'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.811'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical performance of different care systems with silicone hydrogel contact lenses.
|
PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and subjective performance of a one-step hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) lens care system compared to a multi-purpose disinfecting system (MPDS) when used with silicone hydrogel (SiH) lenses.METHODS: This was an eight-week, contralateral (lens type) clinical trial with a randomized, cross-over (care system) design. The H2O2 system was Clear Care ((AO Sept Plus) CIBA VISION) and the MPDS was OPTI-FREE RepleniSH (Alcon) and the SiH materials were lotrafilcon B (Air Optix; CIBA VISION) and senofilcon A (Acuvue OASYS, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care). Investigators and subjects were masked to lens care and lens type, respectively. Clinical variables and ocular health assessments were conducted at a baseline, two-week and four-week visit for each cross-over phase. Comfort, dryness and vision were rated on 0-100 scales. Wearing times and comfortable wearing times were also recorded.RESULTS: Twenty-six subjects were enrolled: nine male, 17 female, mean age (+/-standard deviation) 31+/-12 years (range 17-59 years) and 24 subjects completed the study. Clinical variables showed no difference between solutions (all p > 0.05), however one subject exhibited solution-induced corneal staining with both lens materials and the MPDS. There was no difference between solutions in subjective overall ratings of comfort, dryness or vision (p > 0.05). The H2O2 resulted in longer reported comfortable wearing times than the MPDS (10.93 +/- 1.71 vs 9.84 +/- 1.47 h; repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: While both lens care systems performed well with the SiH lenses used, the H2O2 resulted in a longer reported comfortable wearing time then the MPDS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Contact Lens Solutions', 'Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dry Eye Syndromes', 'Equipment Contamination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Silicone Elastomers', 'Young Adult']
| 20,202,890
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['D26.776.210', 'D27.505.954.122.425.150', 'D27.720.274.150'], ['E07.632.500.276.360.220'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['C11.496.260'], ['N06.850.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750.900.850.900', 'D25.720.327.900', 'D25.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.051.720.327.900', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.412.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Topical calcipotriol treatment in advanced breast cancer.
|
19 patients with locally advanced or cutaneous metastatic breast cancer were treated with the topical vitamin D analogue calcipotriol 100 micrograms daily. 14 patients completed 6 weeks' treatment; 3 showed a 50% reduction in the bidimensional diameter of treated lesions and 1 other patient showed a minimal response. 2 patients became hypercalcaemic during treatment. In all patients who responded the tumours contained receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, shown by immunocytochemistry.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Calcitriol', 'Carcinoma', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Calcitriol', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Steroid', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 1,672,178
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.174.451', 'C18.452.950.340'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.826.535'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750', 'D12.776.930.778'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sputum biomarkers in IPF: Evidence for raised gene expression and protein level of IGFBP-2, IL-8 and MMP-7.
|
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare lung disease of unknown origin leading rapidly to death. This paper addresses the issue of whether sputum induction is a suitable tool to study respiratory tract inflammation and potential biomarkers in IPF compared to COPD, a fibrosing airway wall disease.METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, 15 IPF patients, 32 COPD and 30 healthy subjects underwent sputum induction. Total sputum cell counts and the amount of TGF- â, IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IL-8, IL-13, MMP-7, MMP-9, YKL-40, TNF-á and KL-6 in sputum supernatant were analysed. We also profiled gene expression of cells in the induced sputum for TGF-â, MMP-7, YKL-40, IGFBP-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-á.RESULTS: IPF patients, like COPD, had increased sputum absolute number of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and epithelial cells compared to HS. IPF sputum supernatants had increased concentrations of IGFBP-2, IL-8, TGF-â, MMP-7, MMP-9 and KL-6 (p<0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.05 respectively) when compared to healthy subjects where COPD had higher IL-6 and TNF-á levels than IPF (p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively) and HS (p<0.0001 and p<0.001 respectively) and higher IL-8 and MMP-9 than HS (p<0.0001 and p<0.001 respectively). Conversely to IL-6 and TNF-á, MMP-7 was increased in IPF compared to COPD (p<0.05). The KL-6 and MMP-7 protein levels in sputum were inversely correlated with total lung capacity (TLC, % of predicted) in IPF patients (r = -0.73 and r = -0.53 respectively). Sputum gene expression analysis identified a significant increase for IGFBP-2, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 in IPF compared to HS (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.0001 respectively) and for IGFBP-2, YKL-40, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 compared to COPD (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.0001 respectively). Furthermore, gene expression of TGF-â was increased in IPF compared to COPD (p<0.001) but not to HS.CONCLUSION: Our data show clear increase in expression and production of IGFBP-2, IL-8 and MMP-7 in sputum from patients with IPF that may contribute to the disease.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2', 'Interleukin-8', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 7', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Sputum']
| 28,178,340
|
[['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.765.500'], ['D12.776.157.420.260'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.250', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.250', 'D12.644.276.848.250', 'D12.776.467.836.250'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['A12.200.808']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Paranoia: a part of most analyses.
|
Paranoid defenses appear during most analyses, sometimes with great intensity, but often subtly, and require specific analytic attention. Preoedipal conflicts, inner fears around passivity, narcissistic injury and rage, and subsequent masochistic and projective defenses lie at the core of these patients' pathology. In addition, specific cognitive, object-relational, and affective distortions reflecting multiple developmental levels emerge during analysis. A case vignette is provided to demonstrate the analysis of a neurotic patient without borderline features who showed prominent paranoid formation.
|
['Adult', 'Arousal', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Fantasy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Paranoid Personality Disorder', 'Projection', 'Psychoanalytic Interpretation', 'Psychoanalytic Theory', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Rage', 'Superego']
| 8,478,516
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F01.393'], ['F01.393.351', 'F02.463.188.634.507'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.675.600'], ['F01.393.693'], ['F04.628'], ['F02.739.794'], ['F04.754.709'], ['F01.470.093.640'], ['F01.752.747.859', 'F02.739.794.881']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 concentration is associated with lower carbohydrate intake and increases with overeating.
|
PURPOSE: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that appears to play a major role in the control of food intake. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and quantify the association of circulating GLP-1 concentration with ad libitum total calorie and macronutrient intake.METHODS: One-hundred and fifteen individuals (72 men) aged 35 ± 10 years were admitted for an inpatient study investigating the determinants of energy intake. Ad libitum food intake was assessed during 3 days using a reproducible vending machine paradigm. Fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured on the morning of the first day and on the morning of the fourth day after ad libitum feeding.RESULTS: Plasma GLP-1 concentrations increased by 14% after 3 days of ad libitum food intake. Individuals overate on average 139 ± 45% of weight-maintaining energy needs. Fasting plasma GLP-1 on day 1 was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake (r = - 0.2, p = 0.03) and with daily energy intake from low fat-high simple sugar (r = - 0.22, p = 0.016).CONCLUSION: Higher plasma GLP-1 concentrations prior to ad libitum food intake were associated with lower carbohydrate intake and lower simple sugar ingestion, indicating a possible role of the GLP-1 in the reward pathway regulating simple sugar intake.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00342732.
|
['Adult', 'Carbohydrates', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 1', 'Humans', 'Hyperphagia', 'Male']
| 30,284,224
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.821.645']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The association between CYP2C19 genotype and of in-stent restenosis among patients with vertebral artery stent treatment.
|
AIMS: Preventing stroke through endovascular treatment with vertebral artery stent remains a great challenge due to the occurrence of an in-stent restenosis.MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted in 90 patients who had been treated with VAS between 2004 and 2011 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months,and 1 year after VAS treatment and annually thereafter. For each time point, neurological function tests, vessel ultrasound and computer tomography angiography were performed to preliminarily screen the vessel stenosis. Digital subtraction angiography was used to verify the narrow sign on CTA or ultrasound. Clinical features of each patient including clopidogrel metabolization genes (CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and P2Y12) were recorded with purpose to investigate the possible risk factors for the development of ISR.RESULTS: Single factor analysis dem-onstrated that hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05) and CYP2C19 (P < 0.01) loss-of-function geno-type increased the likelihood of ISR. A multiple logistic cox regression analysis also showed that stroke patients with hyperlipidemia (HR 3.719, 95% CI: 1.094-12.637, P = 0.035), and CYP2C19 loss-of-function genotype (HR 2.959, 95% CI: 1.325-6.610, P = 0.008) were more likely to suffer from ISR. Furthermore, CYP2C19 alleles were mainly divided into three groups: wt/wt (CYP2C19 *1/*1), wt/m (CYP2C19 *1/*2 and *1/*3), and m/m (CYP2C19 *2/*2,*2/*3 and*3/*3). Recurrent rate of ischemic stroke in m/m and wt/m groups was higher than the wt/wt group (OR: 0.141, 95% CI: 0.016-1.221, P = 0.042).CONCLUSION: The study leads to the conclusion that hyperlipidemia and CYP2C19 impotency are possible risk factors for the development of ISR in VAS-treated patients with ischemic. Moreover, VAS-treated patients with CYP2C19 impotency were susceptible to recurrent stroke during our 54-month follow-up.
|
['Aged', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stents', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Vertebral Artery']
| 24,330,577
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.700', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.700', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.700'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.907'], ['A07.015.114.955']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Haemodynamic changes after prolonged water immersion.
|
Thermoneutral water immersion increases cardiac preload and changes the neuroendocrine settings of blood volume regulation. The resulting marked diuresis may lead to significant haemodynamic changes after the end of a prolonged water immersion. Ten volunteers underwent 6 h of complete thermoneutral water immersion. Changes in cardiovascular status were assessed 1 h and 16 h after water immersion. Haemodynamic changes were assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Arterial wall distensibility was estimated by pulse wave velocity analysis. One hour after water immersion, mean weight loss was 1.78 kg and urine volume amounted to 1.5 litres. Echocardiographic measurements evidenced a significant decrease in dimensions of the left cardiac chambers and inferior vena cava. The decreased cardiac preload was paralleled by a lower stroke volume and cardiac output. A peripheral vasoconstriction associated with a relative decrease in the lower limb blood flow was evidenced by an increase in carotid-pedal pulse wave velocity and by a decrease in ankle brachial index. Sixteen hours after water immersion, cardiac preload and cardiac output remained below baseline values and peripheral vascular tone was still higher than at baseline. Marked haemodynamic changes had not returned to baseline 16 h after water immersion. There is a need to design fluid-replacement protocols to improve this recovery.
|
['Adult', 'Body Fluid Compartments', 'Cohort Studies', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Immersion', 'Male', 'Time Factors']
| 19,296,363
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A10.082', 'A12.207.180'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.466'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of an immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip for rapid detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles.
|
A rapid immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip was developed in the competitive reaction format for the detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscle. A monoclonal antibody against the common structure of sulfonamides was conjugated to colloidal gold particles as the detection reagent and an N-sulfanilyl-4-aminobenzoic acid (SUL)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was immobilized to a nitrocellulose membrane as the capture reagent to prepare the test strip. With this method, it required only 15 min to accomplish the semiquantitative or quantitative detection of sulfonamides. The sensitivity to sulfonamides (sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfadiazine) was at least 10 ng/mL, as determined with an optical density scanner. By eye measurement, the sensitivity was 20 ng/mL for sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, and sulfadimethoxine and 40 ng/mL for sulfadiazine. On the basis of a sulfamonomethoxine standard curve, recoveries were from 89.5 to 95.6% for sulfamonomethoxine, from 89.5 to 95.1% for sulfamethoxydiazine, from 85.0 to 95.6% for sulfadimethoxine, and from 44.8 to 60.9% for sulfadiazine in egg and chicken muscle samples. A parallel analysis of 27 egg samples and 28 chicken muscle samples from the animal experiment showed that the differences between test strips and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were from 0.8 to 11.2% for egg samples and from 2.2 to 34% for chicken muscle samples for the quantitative detection, and the agreement rates between test strips and HPLC were 100%, based on the maximum allowed residue level of sulfadiazine (100 ng/g) established by the European Union and China. In conclusion, the method is rapid and accurate for the detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Chromatography', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Eggs', 'Immunoassay', 'Muscles', 'Reagent Strips', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sulfonamides']
| 17,316,015
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.181'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The use of ion mobility mass spectrometry to assist protein design: a case study on zinc finger fold versus coiled coil interactions.
|
The dramatic conformational change in zinc fingers on binding metal ions for DNA recognition makes their structure-function behaviour an attractive target to mimic in de novo designed peptides. Mass spectrometry, with its high throughput and low sample consumption provides insight into how primary amino acid sequence can encode stable tertiary fold. We present here the use of ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as a rapid analytical platform to inform de novo design efforts for peptide-metal and peptide-peptide interactions. A dual peptide-based synthetic system, ZiCop based on a zinc finger peptide motif, and a coiled coil partner peptide Pp, have been investigated. Titration mass spectrometry determines the relative binding affinities of different divalent metal ions as Zn(2+) > Co(2+) ? Ca(2+). With collision induced dissociation (CID), we probe complex stability, and establish that peptide-metal interactions are stronger and more 'specific' than those of peptide-peptide complexes, and the anticipated hetero-dimeric complex is more stable than the two homo-dimers. Collision cross-sections (CCS) measurements by IM-MS reveal increased stability with respect to unfolding of the metal-bound peptide over its apo-form, and further, larger collision cross sections for the hetero-dimeric forms suggest that dimeric species formed in the absence of metal are coiled coil like. MD supports these structural assignments, backed up by data from visible light absorbance measurements.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Drug Design', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptides', 'Protein Folding', 'Proteins', 'Zinc Fingers']
| 25,734,188
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.985']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Developing, Planning and Conducting an Interim Analysis: Lessons From the DEVOTE Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events).
|
BACKGROUND: In 2013, a randomized, double-blind, active comparator-controlled, event-driven cardiovascular outcomes trial (DEVOTE) was initiated to compare the cardiovascular safety of insulin degludec (degludec) versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100) in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular events. The FDA agreed that an interim analysis could form the basis for an early regulatory approval. We report here the operational model developed to support the DEVOTE interim analysis and the results.METHODS: The interim analysis model was designed to reduce the risk of any confidentiality breaches. The Data Access Management Plan comprehensively described the interim analysis operational processes and procedures to maintain the integrity of the ongoing trial while the interim analysis was conducted, submitted, and acted upon by the FDA, and also until completion of the full trial. Most importantly, those who were unblinded to the interim results were limited to a team of 14 members.RESULTS: A total of 150 first major adverse cardiovascular events were recorded at cut-off for the interim analysis. The estimated hazard ratio was 0.92 (95% CI 0.67, 1.27) and non-inferiority to glargine U100 was confirmed as the upper bound of the confidence interval was below 1.8, as prespecified. Based on these results, the FDA approved the use of degludec and degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) in the United States in 2015 before trial completion.CONCLUSIONS: The DEVOTE interim analysis succeeded as a model by which to conduct an interim analysis and submit confidential data for regulatory review and action while continuing the trial to address a primary hypothesis.
|
['Cardiovascular System', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin Glargine', 'Insulin, Long-Acting', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,793,353
|
[['A07'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.100', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.100'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Transport of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol across plasma membranes in rat hepatoma cells.
|
The transport of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) across plasma membranes was investigated in rat hepatoma cells, Reuber H-35. The AG uptake by the cells showed a concentration gradient dependency: the uptake was saturated within 40 s, which was less than one-third of the saturation time for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) uptake. Furthermore, the Km value of the transport system for AG was higher than 100 mM. Though AG has a pyranoid structure resembling that of glucose, AG did not compete for cellular uptake with DG, D-glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, which are taken into cells through the glucose transporters. Conversely, the DG transport was not inhibited by AG at concentrations up to 50 mM. AG transport was hardly inhibited by 10 microM cytochalasin B, which strongly inhibits glucose transporters. In contrast, the AG transport was inhibited by 100 microM phloretin much more strongly than the DG transport when cells were preincubated with the inhibitor; the inhibition constant was 28.0 microM. The AG transport was not inhibited by 100 microM phloridzin, while the DG uptake was slightly inhibited by phloridzin. On the basis of these observations we propose that the AG uptake into rat hepatoma cells is mediated by a carrier distinct from glucose transporters.
|
['Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytochalasin B', 'Deoxy Sugars', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Kinetics', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Phloretin', 'Phlorhizin', 'Rats', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 3,243,769
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['G03.143.310'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D03.633.100.473.231.370', 'D23.946.587.370.370'], ['D09.254'], ['D09.254.229'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.684.602', 'D02.522.818.561.602', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.550'], ['D09.408.702'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of social support on alcohol consumption during pregnancy: situational and ethnic/cultural considerations.
|
While the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy have been well documented, variables associated with drinking during pregnancy have received little attention. This study sought to determine the importance of situational and ethnic/cultural-specific support on alcohol consumption during pregnancy among Black and White women in a U.S. southern urban prenatal population. A consecutive sample of 311 prenatal patients were interviewed during both the fourth month and the eighth month of pregnancy. Using standard regressions, the two components of expressive support--general support and pregnancy support--were found to be working in opposite directions, with pregnancy support showing a negative association with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Pregnancy support was found to contribute significantly to the variance in alcohol consumption among Whites but was not found to be a significant contributor among Blacks. These findings suggest that social support, specifically pregnancy support, is a significant variable in accounting for alcohol consumption during pregnancy, but this association may not be consistent across ethnic groups.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Social Environment', 'Social Support']
| 3,623,747
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel urea amperometric biosensor based on secretion of carnation petal cells modified on a graphite-epoxy composite electrode.
|
A new kind of biosensor for the detection of urea with a high selectivity, sensitivity and wide detection range was designed based on the secretion of carnation petals cells paste covered over a graphite-epoxy composite basic electrode surface. The carnation petal paste from mashed fresh carnation petals was tightly fixed on the basic electrode surface with Teflon thin film to keep it in contact with the electrode surface. Urea in aqueous solution was detected by differential pulse voltammetry based on the oxidation peak current at 0.316 V (vs. SCE) of the secreted species of carnation petal cells during the mashing process, which interacts with urea molecules and results in the decrease of the oxidation peak current. The oxidation peak current decreases linearly with the logarithm of urea concentration in the range of 1.3 ? 10(-16)-4.57 ? 10(-8) M and 3.4 ? 10(-7)-1.3 ? 10(-1) M with a detection limit of 7.5 ? 10(-16) M. The biosensor was characterized by electrochemistry and fluorescent spectrometry, and applied to the determination of urea in waste water from a river around Shenyang Normal University campus with a recovery of 104.5% (RSD is 5.00%). The presence of larger amounts of ammonium ion and nitrate ion up to the molar ratio of 10(4) do not interfere with the urea detection.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Dianthus', 'Electrochemistry', 'Electrodes', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Flowers', 'Graphite', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ointments', 'Solutions', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Time Factors', 'Urea']
| 21,152,632
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.250.222'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['G02.300'], ['D26.255.640'], ['D26.776'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Moving from peanut extract to peanut components: towards validation of component-resolved IgE tests.
|
BACKGROUND: Replacement of peanut extracts by recombinant peanut components is an important step in allergy serologic testing. Criteria are needed for the unbiased inclusion of patients into a study to validate such a replacement.METHODS: Plasma samples from 64 peanut-positive children (42 reactors, 22 nonreactors in a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge) were used to compare IgE reactivity to six recombinant peanut allergens with reactivity to natural peanut proteins extracted at neutral or low pH. We tested the hypothesis that poor extractability of Ara h 9 and other basic allergens at neutral pH leads to under-representation of patients with such sensitization.RESULTS: IgE reactivity to the components did not fully explain IgE reactivity to peanut extract in 5 of 32 reactors with IgE to peanut extract ?100 kUA /l. IgE reactivity to components was stronger than to the extract in 11 plasma samples, which was largely due to a low Ara h 8 reactivity of the extract. IgE reactivity to Ara h 9 was much lower than reactivity to other basic proteins, some of which bound IgE well in the RAST, but lost IgE reactivity upon immunoblotting.CONCLUSIONS: Conventional peanut extracts are deficient in significant IgE-binding components. The inclusion of patients for a validation study should be based on serology performed with improved peanut reagents to avoid a bias against these under-represented, potentially important allergens. To judge clinical relevance of an allergen, the reagent used for inclusion of patients needs to be efficient in detecting IgE to this component.
|
['Allergens', 'Antigens, Plant', 'Arachis', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Peanut Hypersensitivity', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Proteins, Dietary']
| 23,621,551
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['D23.050.291'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.077'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['C20.543.480.370.572.750'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D12.776.256.920', 'D12.776.765.836', 'G07.203.300.428.920', 'J02.500.428.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Metacognitive awareness of cognitive problems in schizophrenia: exploring the role of symptoms and self-esteem.
|
BACKGROUND: People with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have limited metacognitive awareness of their symptoms. This is also evident for cognitive difficulties when neuropsychological assessments and self-reports are compared. Unlike for delusions and hallucinations, little attention has been given to factors that may influence the mismatch between objective and subjectively reported cognitive problems. Symptom severity, and also self-esteem and social functioning, can have an impact on cognitive problem perception and help to explain the gap between objective and subjective cognitive assessments in psychosis.METHOD: One-hundred participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited and assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, a measure of awareness of cognitive problems and measures of psychotic symptoms, social and behavioural functioning and self-esteem. Regression was used to investigate the influence of symptoms, social functioning and self-esteem, and patients with different levels of cognitive problem awareness were contrasted.RESULTS: Simple correlation analysis replicated the lack of association between objective cognitive measures and metacognitive awareness of cognitive problems. However, the results of the regression analyses highlight that self-esteem and negative symptoms predict metacognitive awareness. When significant predictors were controlled, individuals with better awareness had more impaired working memory but higher IQ.CONCLUSIONS: Poor self-esteem and high negative symptoms are negatively associated with metacognitive awareness in people with schizophrenia. Interventions that aim to improve cognition should consider that cognitive problem reporting in people with schizophrenia correlates poorly with objective measures and is biased not only by symptoms but also by self-esteem. Future studies should explore the causal pathways using longitudinal designs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Awareness', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Regression Analysis', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Self Concept', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Social Adjustment', 'Young Adult']
| 23,734,941
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['F03.615.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.543'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.813.621'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Frontal theta is a signature of successful working memory manipulation.
|
It has been proposed that working memory (WM) is updated/manipulated via a fronto-basal-ganglia circuit. One way that this could happen is via the synchronization of neural oscillations. A first step toward testing this hypothesis is to clearly establish a frontal scalp EEG signature of WM manipulation. Although many EEG studies have indeed revealed frontal EEG signatures for WM, especially in the theta frequency band (3-8 Hz), few of them required subjects to manipulate WM, and of those that did, none specifically tied the EEG signature to the manipulation process per se. Here we employed a WM manipulation task that has been shown with imaging to engage the prefrontal cortex and the striatum. We adapted this task to titrate the success of WM manipulation to approximately 50 %. Using time-frequency analysis of EEG, we showed that theta power increased over frontal cortex for successful versus failed WM manipulation, specifically at the time of the manipulation event. This establishes a clear-cut EEG signature of WM manipulation. Future studies could employ this to test the fronto-basal-ganglia hypothesis of WM updating/manipulation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Serial Learning', 'Theta Rhythm', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 23,109,082
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.425.952.747'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.937', 'E01.370.405.245.287.937', 'G07.265.087.937', 'G11.561.127.937'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Current-distance relations for microelectrode stimulation of pyramidal cells.
|
Microelectrodes placed within the densely packed cortical neuronal region are surrounded by many thin processes. Although dendrites are considered to be functionally different to axons, they also possess voltage sensitive membrane channels. Therefore, dendritic regions are suitable candidates for spike initiation sites when stimulated externally, although they demand two to three times higher thresholds in comparison with thin axons. Simulations based upon recently reported distributions of two types of sodium channels and traced pyramidal cell data accompanied by a simplified model structure enlightened the spike initiation sites for extracellular cortical microstimulation and revealed insights into dendritic excitation patterns. Surprisingly low dendritic threshold values for cathodic stimulation were detected, that is, 3.3 µA for a 0.4-µm diameter fiber excited with a 100-µs pulse in 4-µm distance. However, according to the activating function concept the excited region is calculated by 1414*electrode-distance, therefore a minimum electrode-fiber distance is required as sufficient sodium channels are needed to produce enough intracellular current for spike conduction. The minimum distance for dendritic spike initiation increases with diameter and hinders low current stimulation of thick dendrites. This effect is in contrast to the inverse recruitment order known from functional electrical stimulation. Simulations were performed using NEURON and MATLAB.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Dendrites', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Humans', 'Microelectrodes', 'Models, Neurological', 'Pyramidal Cells']
| 21,401,671
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) as a prognosis factor in gynecological cancers: A meta-analysis.
|
The oncogenic role of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) which is regarded as a promising target antigen for cancer immunotherapy has been demonstrated in many types of cancer, but the relationship between expression of WT1 and the prognosis value in gynecological cancer reminds unclear.We performed a meta-analysis with thirteen published studies including 2205 patients searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, whose results are expressed by overall survival (OS) or disease-specific survival (DSS) or disease-free survival or relapse/recurrence-free survival (RFS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with gynecological cancer. The hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to investigate prognostic of WT1 expression in patients with gynecological cancer.Finally, the overexpression of WT1 was borderlinely associated with poor OS (metaHR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.98-2.31) in univariate model. We found a significant association with poor DSS (metaHR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.24-2.08) and DFS/RFS/PFS (metaHR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.22-3.46). The subgroup analyses revealed that the expression of WT1 predicted the poor DSS (metaHR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.42-2.73), and DFS/RFS/PFS (metaHR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.81-3.48) in patients with ovarian cancer. In summary, WT1 overexpression indicates a poor prognosis in patients with some gynecological tumors, but more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate', 'WT1 Proteins']
| 29,995,811
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D12.776.624.776.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Exploring the genome of the salt-marsh Spartina maritima (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) through BAC end sequence analysis.
|
Spartina species play an important ecological role on salt marshes. Spartina maritima is an Old-World species distributed along the European and North-African Atlantic coasts. This hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 60, 2C = 3,700 Mb) hybridized with different Spartina species introduced from the American coasts, which resulted in the formation of new invasive hybrids and allopolyploids. Thus, S. maritima raises evolutionary and ecological interests. However, genomic information is dramatically lacking in this genus. In an effort to develop genomic resources, we analysed 40,641 high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome-end sequences (BESs), representing 26.7 Mb of the S. maritima genome. BESs were searched for sequence homology against known databases. A fraction of 16.91% of the BESs represents known repeats including a majority of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (13.67%). Non-LTR retrotransposons represent 0.75%, DNA transposons 0.99%, whereas small RNA, simple repeats and low-complexity sequences account for 1.38% of the analysed BESs. In addition, 4,285 simple sequence repeats were detected. Using the coding sequence database of Sorghum bicolor, 6,809 BESs found homology accounting for 17.1% of all BESs. Comparative genomics with related genera reveals that the microsynteny is better conserved with S. bicolor compared to other sequenced Poaceae, where 37.6% of the paired matching BESs are correctly orientated on the chromosomes. We did not observe large macrosyntenic rearrangements using the mapping strategy employed. However, some regions appeared to have experienced rearrangements when comparing Spartina to Sorghum and to Oryza. This work represents the first overview of S. maritima genome regarding the respective coding and repetitive components. The syntenic relationships with other grass genomes examined here help clarifying evolution in Poaceae, S. maritima being a part of the poorly-known Chloridoideae sub-family.
|
['Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Phylogeny', 'Poaceae', 'Retroelements', 'Salt-Tolerant Plants', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Synteny', 'Terminal Repeat Sequences']
| 23,877,482
|
[['A11.284.187.178.170', 'A11.284.187.190.170', 'A20.812.170', 'G05.360.162.178.170', 'G05.360.162.190.170', 'G05.360.337.249.170'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['D13.444.308.760', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.800', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800'], ['B01.650.723'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G02.111.810.550.830', 'G05.810.550.830'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850', 'G05.360.080.708.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contributions of intrinsic mutation rate and selfish selection to levels of de novo HRAS mutations in the paternal germline.
|
The RAS proto-oncogene Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) encodes a small GTPase that transduces signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors to control cellular behavior. Although somatic HRAS mutations have been described in many cancers, germline mutations cause Costello syndrome (CS), a congenital disorder associated with predisposition to malignancy. Based on the epidemiology of CS and the occurrence of HRAS mutations in spermatocytic seminoma, we proposed that activating HRAS mutations become enriched in sperm through a process akin to tumorigenesis, termed selfish spermatogonial selection. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the levels, in blood and sperm samples, of HRAS mutations at the p.G12 codon and compared the results to changes at the p.A11 codon, at which activating mutations do not occur. The data strongly support the role of selection in determining HRAS mutation levels in sperm, and hence the occurrence of CS, but we also found differences from the mutation pattern in tumorigenesis. First, the relative prevalence of mutations in sperm correlates weakly with their in vitro activating properties and occurrence in cancers. Second, specific tandem base substitutions (predominantly GC>TT/AA) occur in sperm but not in cancers; genomewide analysis showed that this same mutation is also overrepresented in constitutional pathogenic and polymorphic variants, suggesting a heightened vulnerability to these mutations in the germline. We developed a statistical model to show how both intrinsic mutation rate and selfish selection contribute to the mutational burden borne by the paternal germline.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Codon', 'Costello Syndrome', 'Germ Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Mutation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Selection, Genetic']
| 24,259,709
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['C05.660.207.219', 'C16.131.077.256', 'C16.320.188'], ['A05.360.490', 'A11.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500.600', 'D12.644.360.525.500.600', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500.600', 'D12.776.476.525.500.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.200'], ['G05.783']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
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Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic evaluation of oxycodone and naloxone in an opioid agonist/antagonist prolonged-release combination in healthy adult volunteers.
|
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing body of evidence supporting the need for prophylactic management of the adverse events (AEs) associated with long-term opioid use in patients with chronic pain. Symptoms of bowel dysfunction, such as constipation, may have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life and willingness to continue opioid therapy, and therefore should be managed proactively to ensure that the patient can continue effective pain management. The fixed-dose combination (FDC) prolonged-release (PR) oxycodone/naloxone (OXN) may be an effective therapeutic approach to delivering analgesia, with a reduced risk for opioid-induced constipation.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to report the pharmacokinetic results from a single-dose study and a multiple-dose bioequivalence study of OXN versus separate formulations of oxycodone PR and naloxone PR administered concurrently in healthy subjects.METHODS: Both studies were open-label, randomized crossover studies in healthy adult male and female subjects. In the single-dose study, subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: OXN FDC (44 x 10/55-mg, 2 x 20/110-mg, or 1 x 40/20-mg dose strength [each given at a total combined dose of 40/220 mg]) or oxycodone PR 40 mg + naloxone PR 20 mg given in separate formulations. In the multiple-dose study, 34 subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: OXN FDC 40/20 mg, oxycodone PR 40 mg, or naloxone PR 20 mg. Treatments were considered bioequivalent if the 90% CIs for relative bioavailability calculations fell within a predetermined range of 80% to 125%. AEs were assessed by the investigator at each study visit.RESULTS: The single-dose study included 28 subjects (22 men, 6 women; mean [SD] age, 32.3 [5.44] years; weight, 75.5 [9.3] kg; and body mass index [BMI], 24.2 [2.5] kg/mm(2)). The mean plasma oxycodone concentration-time curves for OXN and oxycodone PR + naloxone PR were similar. With oxycodone, the mean (SD) AUC(t) values with OXN 10/5, 20/10, and 40/20 mg and oxycodone PR + naloxone PR were 473.49 (72.16), 491.22 (82.18), 488.89 (91.04), and 502.28 (84.13) ng . h/mL, respectively; mean C(max) values were 34.91 (4.36), 35.73 (4.93), 34.46 (5.03), and 40.45 (4.71) ng/mL. For naloxone-3-glucuronide (the primary analyte of naloxone), the mean (SD) AUC(t) values with OXN 10/5, 20/10, and 40/20 mg and oxycodone PR + naloxone PR were 539.93 (142.24), 522.45 (128.57), 520.10 (133.18), and 523.37 (119.75) ng . h/mL, respectively; mean C(max) values were 62.01 (15.96), 63.62 (19.51), 61.95 (18.37), and 63.55 (16.75) ng/mL. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments, and each of the treatment comparisons resulted in 90% CIs within the range for bioequivalence. The multiple-dose steady-state bioequivalence study included 34 subjects (28 men, 6 women; mean [SD] age, 36 [9.4] years; weight,78.9 [11.7] kg; and BMI, 24.6 [1.9] kg/m(2)). No significant differences were observed between the treatments, with the exception of naloxone-3-glucuronide C(min,ss) values. Mean C(min,ss) values of 22.6 and 24.0 ng/mL were obtained for the OXN combination and naloxone PR tablet, respectively. In the multiple-dose study, the most frequently reported AEs with OXN,oxycodone PR, and naloxone PR were headache (7%, 26%, and 17%, respectively), anorexia (10%, 16%, and 13%), and nausea (10%, 13%, and 7%).CONCLUSIONS: The results from the single-dose study were consistent with the regulatory definition of bioequivalence of the FDCs and single components across the range of doses administered. The pharmacokinetic properties of the OXN FDC were similar to those of oxycodone PR + naloxone PR given as separate formulations, based on the regulatory definition. These findings were consistent with the results of the multiple-dose steady-state bioequivalence study. In this population of healthy volunteers, the pharmacokinetic properties of oxycodone apparently were not significantly influenced by administering oxycodone in a combination product, and the availability of naloxone-3-glucuronide from OXN was similar to that from the naloxone PR tablet. These findings suggest that the coadministration of oxycodone PR and naloxone PR in an FDC would not significantly affect the bioavailability of either of its constituents in these subjects.
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['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Anorexia', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biological Availability', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Half-Life', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Naloxone', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Nausea', 'Oxycodone', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Tablets', 'Therapeutic Equivalency']
| 19,108,793
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.821.108'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D26.310'], ['G01.910.405'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.149.575', 'D03.605.497.607.204.650', 'D03.633.400.686.607.204.650', 'D04.615.723.795.576.149.575'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['D26.255.830'], ['G03.787.559', 'G07.690.725.898']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
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