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Ceramic bearings for total hip arthroplasty have high survivorship at 10 years.
|
BACKGROUND: Ceramic bearings were introduced to reduce wear and increase long-term survivorship of total hip arthroplasty. In a previous study comparing ceramic with metal-on-polyethylene at 5 to 8 years, we found higher survivorship and no osteolysis for the ceramic bearings.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether ceramic bearings have equal or superior survivorship compared with that for metal-on-polyethylene at longer followup; we also determined survivorship of the implant systems, the presence or absence of radiographic osteolysis, and incidence of device squeaking.METHODS: Five surgeons at five sites have followed 189 patients (216 hips) for a minimum of 10 years and average of 10.3 years (range, 10-12.4 years) comparing alumina ceramic bearings (144 hips) with cobalt chrome-on-polyethylene bearings (72 hips). We determined Kaplan-Meier survivorship of the bearing surface and implant systems and collected radiographic and clinical data.RESULTS: We observed no difference between the control metal-on-polyethylene and the alumina-bearing couple cohorts with regard to bearing-related failures (98.9% versus 99.1%). Revisions for any reason occurred in 10.5% of the control patients and 3.1% of the patients with alumina bearings. All femoral implants remain well fixed (100%), whereas one acetabular component (1%) is unstable in the control group. Osteolysis occurred in 26% of the control patients and in none of the patients with alumina bearings. Squeaking occurred in two of 144 hips (1.4%) of the patients with ceramic bearings.CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving the ceramic-on-ceramic bearings had fewer revisions for any reason and less osteolysis than the control metal-on-polyethylene at 10 years. Our data suggest ceramic bearings continue to provide an option for the young and more active patient and provide for a measure to compare other new alternative bearings that are currently available.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aluminum Oxide', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Chromium Alloys', 'Female', 'Hip Joint', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Noise', 'Osteolysis', 'Polyethylene', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Radiography', 'Reoperation', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 21,918,802
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.056.050', 'D01.650.550.050'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['D01.220.175', 'D01.552.033.182', 'D25.058.224', 'D25.339.208.224', 'J01.637.051.058.224', 'J01.637.051.339.208.224'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['C05.116.264.579', 'G11.427.213.150.570'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.500', 'D05.750.716.507.500', 'D25.720.716.507.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
An examination of the effects of intra and inter-individual changes in wellbeing and mental health on self-rated health in a population study of middle and older-aged adults.
|
PURPOSE: Self-rated health is frequently used as an indicator of health and quality of life in epidemiological studies. While the association between self-rated health and negative mental health is well established, associations with indictors of positive wellbeing are less clear. Data from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project were used to compare the effects of vitality and mental health on self-rated health.METHODS: Participants (n = 40,712) provided information on vitality, mental health and self-rated health, were aged 45-95 years at baseline, and were followed between 1 and 10 years (M = 5.6; SD = 2.9).RESULTS: In comparison with mental health, multi-level modelling indicated between- and within-person change in vitality was more strongly associated with self-rated health. Bivariate dual change score modelling of the cross-lagged associations between vitality and self-rated health indicated vitality to be a stronger predictor of change in self-rated health. Self-rated health was unrelated to change in vitality.CONCLUSION: Vitality accounted for most of the mental health effect on self-rated health and was identified as a significant predictor of change in self-rated health over a 10-year period. Promoting wellbeing and psychological functioning may have significant protective effects on negative health outcomes throughout the adult lifespan and into late life.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Quality of Life', 'Self Report', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 24,632,783
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.677'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Partner services as targeted HIV screening--changing the paradigm.
|
OBJECTIVES: The San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) has the goal of offering HIV partner services (PS) to all individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco. However, measuring the potential impact of these services is challenging. Building on an existing syphilis partner notification program, we developed a framework for expanding and monitoring HIV PS in San Francisco.METHODS: We identified process and outcome measures to evaluate HIV PS in San Francisco, including the number of index patients interviewed, the proportion of named partners who had previously diagnosed HIV infection, the proportion of HIV-uninfected partners who tested through HIV PS, and the positivity rate among the partners tested. Results were recorded in a locally developed electronic surveillance and case-management system at SFDPH.RESULTS: We examined HIV PS data from 2005-2011. In 2011, 426 new HIV diagnoses were reported, and 178 were assigned for HIV PS; of these, 124 (69.7%) patients were successfully interviewed, naming a total of 109 sex partners. Of the named partners, 34 (31.2%) had been previously diagnosed with HIV. Among the remaining named partners not known to be HIV infected, 31 (32.3%) were tested, for a positivity of 22.6% (n=7). The proportion of HIV that was newly diagnosed by a provider who participated in the citywide HIV PS program increased from 15.4% in 2005 to 69.5% in 2011.CONCLUSIONS: As HIV PS expand, locally relevant outcome measures are increasingly important. Using these criteria, HIV PS as a targeted screening activity resulted in the identification of newly diagnosed HIV cases.
|
['AIDS Serodiagnosis', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Public Health Administration', 'San Francisco', 'Sexual Partners']
| 24,385,649
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.060', 'E01.370.225.875.408.500', 'E05.200.812.735.060', 'E05.200.875.408.500', 'E05.478.594.760.060'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.794'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.700', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.700', 'Z01.433.875'], ['M01.778']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spectral EEG correlates of dream recall.
|
Recent studies have shown that dreaming is not limited to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but can be found to varying degrees in any stage of sleep. This study attempted to quantify the EEG correlations of dreaming during Stage 2 sleep. Six normal volunteers were studied for 24 nights in the sleep laboratory. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording prior to awakening from Stage 2 sleep and from other stages without awakening were subjected to computer spectral analysis. Although awakenings associated with dream recall tended to have lower total power, mean frequency in the beta band proved to be the best correlate of mental activity in Stage 2 sleep. Mean frequency had its highest values in REM sleep and wakefulness and declined in Stage 2 and Stage 4 sleep, in keeping with the decline in mental activity reported from these stages. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to models of dream recall and clinical states.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Dreams', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Models, Neurological', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders', 'Sleep Stages']
| 3,730,456
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188.634.309', 'F02.830.855.268'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['C10.886.425.800.800', 'F03.870.400.800.800'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Myocardial infarction secondary to dipyridamole overdose.
|
A case of myocardial infarction secondary to dipyridamole overdose is described in a 62-year-old woman with longstanding angina. Therapeutic doses of dipyridamole are associated with reversible myocardial ischaemia in a proportion of patients but serious adverse events are rare (Homma et al., 1987). To our knowledge this is the first reported case of dipyridamole overdose in the literature.
|
['Dipyridamole', 'Drug Overdose', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 1,567,532
|
[['D03.383.742.175'], ['C25.775.383', 'E02.319.306.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transcriptome profiling of citrus fruit response to huanglongbing disease.
|
Huanglongbing (HLB) or "citrus greening" is the most destructive citrus disease worldwide. In this work, we studied host responses of citrus to infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) using next-generation sequencing technologies. A deep mRNA profile was obtained from peel of healthy and HLB-affected fruit. It was followed by pathway and protein-protein network analysis and quantitative real time PCR analysis of highly regulated genes. We identified differentially regulated pathways and constructed networks that provide a deep insight into the metabolism of affected fruit. Data mining revealed that HLB enhanced transcription of genes involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis and in ATP synthesis. Activation of protein degradation and misfolding processes were observed at the transcriptomic level. Transcripts for heat shock proteins were down-regulated at all disease stages, resulting in further protein misfolding. HLB strongly affected pathways involved in source-sink communication, including sucrose and starch metabolism and hormone synthesis and signaling. Transcription of several genes involved in the synthesis and signal transduction of cytokinins and gibberellins was repressed while that of genes involved in ethylene pathways was induced. CaLas infection triggered a response via both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways and increased the transcript abundance of several members of the WRKY family of transcription factors. Findings focused on the fruit provide valuable insight to understanding the mechanisms of the HLB-induced fruit disorder and eventually developing methods based on small molecule applications to mitigate its devastating effects on fruit production.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Citrus', 'Computational Biology', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Models, Biological', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Stability', 'Rhizobiaceae', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptome']
| 22,675,433
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.177'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['G15.610'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['G02.111.700'], ['B03.440.400.425.700', 'B03.660.050.662'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: Report of two cases.
|
INTRODUCTION: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare disorder characterized by a proliferation of neuroendocrine cells within the lung. It is classically described as a disease with persistent cough, dyspnea and wheezing in non-smoker middle aged females. CT of the chest reveals diffuse air trapping with mosaic pattern.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present two cases of DIPNECH that were sent to our department to perform a lung biopsy with the diagnostic suspicion of diffuse interstitial disease. Both cases were women with a history of chronic cough and moderate effort dyspnea.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The aim of this paper is that physicians take into account this diagnostic entity before treating as an asthmatic a patient with these characteristics, not forgetting that they are prenoplastic lesions.
|
['Aged', 'Asthma', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Cigarette Smoking', 'Cough', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dyspnea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Lung', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Pulmonary Nodules', 'Neuroendocrine Cells', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'von Willebrand Diseases']
| 29,789,142
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['F01.145.805.375.750', 'F01.145.958.875.750'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['E01.171'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.237', 'C08.381.540.148', 'C08.785.520.148'], ['A11.382.944'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['C04.834'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C15.378.100.100.900', 'C15.378.100.141.900', 'C15.378.140.900', 'C15.378.463.920', 'C16.320.099.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
4-Methyl sterols regulate fission yeast SREBP-Scap under low oxygen and cell stress.
|
In fission yeast, orthologs of mammalian SREBP and Scap, called Sre1 and Scp1, monitor oxygen-dependent sterol synthesis as a measure of cellular oxygen supply. Under low oxygen conditions, sterol synthesis is inhibited, and Sre1 cleavage is activated. However, the sterol signal for Sre1 activation is unknown. In this study, we characterized the sterol signal for Sre1 activation using a combination of Sre1 cleavage assays and gas chromatography sterol analysis. We find that Sre1 activation is regulated by levels of the 4-methyl sterols 24-methylene lanosterol and 4,4-dimethylfecosterol under conditions of low oxygen and cell stress. Both increases and decreases in the level of these ergosterol pathway intermediates induce Sre1 proteolysis in a Scp1-dependent manner. The SREBP ortholog in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is also activated by high levels of 4-methyl sterols, suggesting that this signal for SREBP activation is conserved among unicellular eukaryotes. Finally, we provide evidence that the sterol-sensing domain of Scp1 is important for regulating Sre1 proteolysis. The conserved mutations Y247C, L264F, and D392N in Scp1 that render Scap insensitive to sterols cause constitutive Sre1 activation. These findings indicate that unlike Scap, fission yeast Scp1 responds to 4-methyl sterols and thus shares properties with mammalian HMG-CoA reductase, a sterol-sensing domain protein whose degradation is regulated by the 4-methyl sterol lanosterol.
|
['Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Lanosterol', 'Mutation', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxygen', 'Schizosaccharomyces', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins', 'Sterols']
| 17,595,166
|
[['G05.308.330'], ['D02.455.849.919.383', 'D04.210.500.247.222.222.347.557', 'D04.210.500.247.808.607', 'D10.570.938.590'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['B01.300.107.797', 'B01.300.930.720'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chromosome evolution in bats as revealed by FISH: the ongoing search for the ancestral chiropteran karyotype.
|
Chiroptera, the second largest order of mammals, comprises more than 1,000 species in 18 highly morphologically diverse families. Chromosome painting with human probes has been applied to 10 bat species from 8 families. Except for the combination 10/12pq/22q, all syntenic segmental associations proposed for the mammalian ancestor have been found in Chiroptera. Bat-specific painting probes, established from 4 species of 3 families, have been used in whole chromosome painting experiments in 29 species from 8 families. The results show that the prevailing mode of chromosomal evolution in bats is Robertsonian translocation with a large number of convergent events. Given our present knowledge of chiropteran karyotypes, only a few elements of the ancestral chiropteran karyotype can be reconstructed with confidence.
|
['Animals', 'Chiroptera', 'Chromosome Inversion', 'Chromosome Painting', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Chromosomes, Mammalian', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Karyotype', 'Phylogeny', 'Species Specificity', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 22,678,038
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['C23.550.210.190', 'G05.365.590.175.190', 'G05.365.590.770.500', 'G05.558.805.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350.125', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350.125', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350.125', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350.125', 'E05.393.285.350.125', 'E05.393.661.475.350.125'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['A11.284.187.520', 'G05.360.162.520'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['G05.360.162.679'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G16.824'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pituitary cellular hypersensitivity in idiopathic hypopituitarism.
|
Lymphocyte transformation in response to a saline extract of human pituitary was used to evaluate anti-pituitary immunity in patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Nine normal subjects and three children with idiopathic hypopituitarism were studied. Lymphocytes of one patient were significantly reactive to pituitary extract (beyond the 95% tolerance limits of the normal subjects) at five and eleven months after the diagnosis of hypopituitarism. The anti-pituitary hypersensitivity appeared organ specific since there was no lymphocyte reactivity to human thyroid extract in this patient. The presence of alopecia universalis, dystrophic nails and a primary immunodeficiency state suggests an autoimmune basis of his hypopituitary state. Due to hypogammaglobulinaemia and the lack of pituitary cell antibodies in this child, a humoral role in the development of his hypopituitarism is not supported.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypopituitarism', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Pituitary Gland']
| 6,723,081
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C20.111'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.617.738.300', 'C19.700.482'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection by equine neutralizing antibody in golden Syrian hamsters.
|
Equine anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus F(ab')(2) has been verified to protect mice from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, before potential clinical application, the antibody needs to be tested in as many animal models as possible to ensure its safety and efficiency. In this study, after verification by various methods that the golden Syrian hamster constitutes a model susceptible to SARS-CoV infection, we confirmed that the antibody could protect animals completely from SARS-CoV infection in the preventive setting. More importantly, the antibody could reduce viral titers or copies by approximately 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold in animal lung after virus exposure, compared with negative control. These data provide further evidence to warrant clinical studies of this antibody in the treatment and prevention of SARS.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cricetinae', 'Horses', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Mesocricetus', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome']
| 17,425,434
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C01.748.730', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.750', 'C08.730.730']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ventricular septal defect secondary to penetrating trauma without pericardial effusion.
|
Incidence of penetrating cardiac trauma is on the rise. With improved trauma care, an increasing number of these patients arrive at the hospital alive. An unusual case of penetrating cardiac trauma is presented that highlights the importance of thorough echocardiographic assessment of such patients.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Electrocardiography', 'Heart Injuries', 'Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wounds, Stab']
| 14,631,479
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['C26.891.375'], ['C14.240.400.560.540', 'C14.280.400.560.540', 'C16.131.240.400.560.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C26.986.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Benchmarking CIN 3+ risk as the basis for incorporating HPV and Pap cotesting into cervical screening and management guidelines.
|
OBJECTIVE: In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and a consensus of 25 organizations endorsed concurrent cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing ("cotesting") for cervical cancer screening. Past screening and management guidelines were implicitly based on risks defined by Pap-alone, without consideration of HPV test results. To promote management that is consistent with accepted practice, new guidelines incorporating cotesting should aim to achieve equal management of women at equal risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and cancer (CIN 3+).METHODS: We estimated cumulative 5-year risks of CIN 3+ for 965,360 women aged 30 to 64 years undergoing cotesting at Kaiser Permanente Northern California over 2003 to 2010. We calculated the implicit risk thresholds for Pap-alone and applied them for new management guidance on HPV and Pap cotesting, citing 2 examples: HPV-positive/atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and HPV-negative/Pap-negative. We call this guidance process "benchmarking."RESULTS: A low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion result, for which immediate colposcopy is prescribed, carries a 5-year CIN 3+ risk of 5.2%, suggesting that test results with similar risks should be managed with colposcopy. Similarly, ASC-US (2.6% risk) is managed with a 6- to 12-month follow-up visit and Pap-negative (0.26% risk) is managed with a 3-year follow-up visit. The 5-year CIN 3+ risk for women with HPV-positive/ASC-US was 6.8% (95% confidence interval = 6.2%-7.6%). This is greater than the 5.2% risk implicitly leading to referral to colposcopy, consistent with current management recommendations that HPV-positive/ASC-US should be referred for immediate colposcopy. The 5-year CIN 3+ risk for women with HPV-negative/Pap-negative was 0.08% (95% confidence interval = 0.07%-0.09%), far below the 0.26% implicitly required for a 3-year return and justifying a longer (e.g., 5-year) return.CONCLUSIONS: Using the principle of "equal management of equal risks," benchmarking to implicit risk thresholds based on Pap-alone can be used to achieve safe and consistent incorporation of cotesting.
|
['Adult', 'Benchmarking', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears', 'Virology']
| 23,519,302
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800'], ['H01.158.273.540.859']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Slow repair of pyrimidine dimers at p53 mutation hotspots in skin cancer.
|
Ultraviolet light has been linked with the development of human skin cancers. Such cancers often exhibit mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze at nucleotide resolution the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers along the p53 gene in ultraviolet-irradiated human fibroblasts. Repair rates at individual nucleotides were highly variable and sequence-dependent. Slow repair was seen at seven of eight positions frequently mutated in skin cancer, suggesting that repair efficiency may strongly contribute to the mutation spectrum in a cancer-associated gene.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Repair', 'Exons', 'Genes, p53', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Phosphoglycerate Kinase', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pyrimidine Dimers', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 8,128,225
|
[['A11.251'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.630.700'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D03.383.742.686.600', 'D13.695.578.424.600', 'D13.695.740.600'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Work in Progress.
|
The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.A 64-year-old man presented to the clinic to discuss treatment options for progressive metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). At age 57 years, he underwent cystoprostatectomy for bacillus Calmette-Gu?rin-refractory, high-grade noninvasive UC. He was well until age 61 years, when he developed a left upper-tract UC. He underwent left nephroureterectomy, revealing locally advanced high-grade UC invading the renal parenchyma (pT3). Postoperatively, his renal function precluded adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. He enrolled onto a clinical trial of autologous cellular immunotherapy targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, for which he was eligible on the basis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity (? 1+ by immunohistochemistry) in his nephrectomy tumor specimen. He was randomly assigned to observation. Two years later, he developed a left pelvic mass. Biopsy confirmed metastatic high-grade UC. He was briefly treated with gemcitabine and carboplatin, but this was discontinued as a result of rapid symptomatic and radiographic progression at 8 weeks. He underwent palliative radiation to the left pelvic mass to relieve symptoms of pain and leg edema and subsequently elected to enroll onto a clinical trial of a programmed death 1 inhibitor. Concurrently, his previously obtained pelvic mass biopsy sample was sent for panel-based genomic profiling. He now returns for his first restaging evaluation. Imaging shows marked progression on study with new metastases to the liver as well as progressive edema and pain in the left leg, limiting ambulation. Review of his now-available genomic testing results reveals alterations in HRAS (G12D) and ATR (S296, Q257). He elected to enroll onto a single-arm, open-label trial of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor for patients with HRAS mutations.
|
['Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3', 'Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor', 'Urologic Neoplasms', 'Urothelium']
| 27,161,964
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.319.574'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.179', 'D12.776.543.750.630.442', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.370.875', 'D12.776.624.664.700.792'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.370'], ['C04.588.945.947', 'C12.758.820', 'C13.351.937.820'], ['A10.272.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple sclerosis among first- and second-generation immigrants in Denmark: a population-based cohort study.
|
Multiple sclerosis is a disease with a highly variable incidence worldwide. While knowledge about multiple sclerosis risk factors has grown over the years, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis has still not been fully established. We examined multiple sclerosis incidence rates among first-generation immigrants in Denmark, a high-incidence country, and their Danish-born children (second-generation immigrants), to evaluate the importance and timing of exposure to environmental factors in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. By means of the Danish Civil Registration System we identified 9 121 187 individuals living in Denmark between 1968 and 2015, including 1 176 419 first-generation and 184 282 second-generation immigrants. Study participants were followed for multiple sclerosis in the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry from 1968 to 2015. The relative risk (RR) of multiple sclerosis according to immigration status was estimated by means of multiple sclerosis incidence rate ratios obtained in log-linear Poisson regression analysis. Altogether, 16 905 cases of multiple sclerosis were identified in the study cohort, 578 among first-generation and 106 among second-generation immigrants. Multiple sclerosis risk among first-generation immigrants whose parents were born in low, intermediate and high multiple sclerosis risk areas were 21% (RR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.16-0.28), 43% (RR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.36-0.50) and 75% (RR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67-0.83), respectively, of that among ethnic Danes (test for trend P < 0.0001). First-generation immigrants arriving in Denmark before age 15 years had a multiple sclerosis risk higher than that in their country of birth but lower than that in Denmark, reaching on average 69% of the multiple sclerosis risk among ethnic Danes (RR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.87). Multiple sclerosis risk among individuals who came to Denmark at a later age remained closer to that of their country of birth, corresponding to 45% of the multiple sclerosis risk among ethnic Danes (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.41-0.49). Our study supports the idea that environmental factors exerting their role in childhood or adolescence may be of aetiological relevance in multiple sclerosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Denmark', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Registries', 'Risk Factors']
| 31,081,503
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['M01.189'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
An unusually long-lived antisense RNA in plasmid copy number control: in vivo RNAs encoded by the streptococcal plasmid pIP501.
|
The main regulator of pIP501 replication is an antisense RNA (RNAIII) that induces transcriptional attenuation of the essential RNAII. Previous studies identified the termination point in vivo and demonstrated attenuation in vitro. This in vivo analysis confirms the appearance of attenuated RNAII dependent on RNAIII. Half-lives and intracellular levels of RNAII and RNAIII were determined: in a Bacillus subtilis cell harboring a wild-type pIP501 plasmid, approximately 50 molecules RNAII and 1000 to 2000 molecules of RNAIII were measured, respectively. The half-life of RNAII was in the range of that of other target RNAs, whereas that of RNAIII (approximately 30 minutes) was unusually long, representing a so far unprecedented case of a metabolically stable antisense RNA regulating plasmid copy number. Long antisense RNA half-life is predicted to yield sluggish control and instability of maintenance. We propose a model for how plasmid pIP501 may avoid this problem by using both the repressor CopR and the antisense RNAIII for control. Four stem-loop mutants of RNAII/RNAIII with elevated copy numbers were characterized for in vitro antisense/target RNA binding, RNAIII half-life, incompatibility, and attenuation in vivo. Two classes were found: interaction mutants and half-life mutants. The former suggest a key function for loop LIII of RNAIII as recognition loop in the primary steps of RNAII/RNAIII interaction.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Half-Life', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Plasmids', 'RNA', 'RNA, Antisense', 'Streptococcus', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 8,551,520
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G01.910.405'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.150.650', 'D13.444.600.150.760', 'D13.444.735.150', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.760'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Migration Pathways of Thalamic Neurons and Development of Thalamocortical Connections in Humans Revealed by Diffusion MR Tractography.
|
The thalamus plays an important role in signal relays in the brain, with thalamocortical (TC) neuronal pathways linked to various sensory/cognitive functions. In this study, we aimed to see fetal and postnatal development of the thalamus including neuronal migration to the thalamus and the emergence/maturation of the TC pathways. Pathways from/to the thalami of human postmortem fetuses and in vivo subjects ranging from newborns to adults with no neurological histories were studied using high angular resolution diffusion MR imaging (HARDI) tractography. Pathways likely linked to neuronal migration from the ventricular zone and ganglionic eminence (GE) to the thalami were both successfully detected. Between the ventricular zone and thalami, more tractography pathways were found in anterior compared with posterior regions, which was well in agreement with postnatal observations that the anterior TC segment had more tract count and volume than the posterior segment. Three different pathways likely linked to neuronal migration from the GE to the thalami were detected. No hemispheric asymmetry of the TC pathways was quantitatively observed during development. These results suggest that HARDI tractography is useful to identify multiple differential neuronal migration pathways in human brains, and regional differences in brain development in fetal ages persisted in postnatal development.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cell Movement', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neurons', 'Thalamus', 'Young Adult']
| 27,913,428
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Retroperitoneal fibrosis and inapparent obstructive uropathy.
|
Emphasis is placed on the minor degree of caliectasis often observed in the presence of severe renal failure in patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis. This finding should suggest the diagnosis in individuals presenting with obscure causes of renal failure. A possible explanation for this is based upon an interference with ureteral dynamics and subsequent interference with normal ureteral peristatic activity rather than mechanical obstruction of the ureter per se. Twenty-one patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis are reported with the usual sex and age distribution (mostly male, aged 40-55 years). Two of the patients are interesting because of associated cardiac disease and 31 had been on prolonged methysergide therapy for migraine headaches. Eighteen patients appeared to be improved or cured and 3 died.
|
['Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Retroperitoneal Fibrosis', 'Ureteral Obstruction']
| 834,873
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C23.550.355.700'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Endogenous production of cytotoxic factor in mice induced by a combination of interferon-gamma and heterologous fibrinogen.
|
The ability of heterologous fibrinogen in combination with interferon (IFN)-gamma to induce endogenous production of cytotoxic factor was examined. Heterologous but not homologous fibrinogen induced high production of cytotoxic factor in IFN-gamma-primed mice. The cytotoxic activity was maximal 1 h after this triggering. The LD50 value of heterologous fibrinogen in mice was greater than 250 mg/kg i.v. But heterologous fibrinogen induced antibody, causing anaphylaxis. Therefore, the effect of successive injections of fibrinogens from a different species was tested. Cytotoxic factor could be produced repeatedly by successive treatments with a combination of IFN-gamma and heterologous fibrinogen from one species for 1 week, although the cytotoxic activity induced by successive injections gradually decreased. After the decrease of the triggering effect of heterologous fibrinogen of one species, heterologous fibrinogen from a different species could induce cytotoxic activity at the same level as that after the first triggering. Thus, a combination of IFN-gamma and heterologous fibrinogen is effective for cytotoxic factor production, provided different heterologous fibrinogens are used successively. This combination should be useful for endogenous cytotoxic factor production in clinical trials.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fibrinogen', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Killer Factors, Yeast', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins']
| 3,108,462
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G12.287'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.354.374', 'D23.946.587.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast and efficient DNA crosslinking and multiple orthogonal labelling by copper-free click chemistry.
|
Two new dibenzocyclooctyne-thymidine monomers were incorporated into oligonucleotides and crosslinked to azide-labelled complementary strands across the DNA grooves. Equivalent reactions were successful using a (bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne) alkyne. Oligonucleotides containing internal cyclooctyne and amino groups were simultaneously reacted with azides and NHS esters of different fluorescent dyes to produce functional genetic probes.
|
['Alkynes', 'Azides', 'Click Chemistry', 'Copper', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Thymidine']
| 22,892,959
|
[['D02.455.326.397'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['E05.197.124', 'J01.897.836.249.124'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predominance of Th2 cytokines, CXC chemokines and innate immunity mediators at the mucosal level during severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.
|
UNLABELLED: Profiling of immune mediators in both nasal and plasma samples is a common approach to the study of pathogenesis in respiratory viral infections. Nevertheless, mucosal immunity functions essentially independently from peripheral immunity. In our study, 27 immune mediators were profiled in parallel, in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) and plasma from 22 < 2 year-old children with a severe respiratory syncytial virus infection involving the lower respiratory tract, using a multiplex assay. NPAs from 22 children with innocent heart murmurs were used as controls. Differences in mediator concentrations between NPAs from patients and controls were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Ratios of innate/adaptive-immunity mediators, Th2/Th1-cytokines and CXC/CC-chemokines were calculated for NPAs and plasmas and differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. Associations mediators, severity and leukocyte counts were studied using the Spearman-Karber test.RESULTS: increased levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-12p70, IFNgamma, TNFalpha), Th2 cytokines (IL-13, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), chemokines (IP-10, IL-8, MIP1alpha, MIP-1beta), growth factors (FGFb, PDGFbb, GCSF) and IL-1RA, IL-17 were observed in patient NPAs in comparison to controls. In the relative comparisons between patient NPAs and plasmas, a predominance of innate immunity mediators, Th2 cytokines and CXC chemokines was found at the mucosal level. No association between the level of each mediator in NPAs and plasma was found. In plasma, PDGFbb, VEGF, MIP-1alpha, IL-8 correlated with severity; RANTES and IL-6 correlated with leukocyte counts.CONCLUSIONS: acute respiratory syncytial virus infection induces a relative predominance of innate-immunity mediators, Th2 cytokines and CXC chemokines in the mucosal compartment in infected children.
|
['Antibody Formation', 'Chemokines', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Immunity, Mucosal', 'Infant', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Nasopharynx', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections', 'Respiratory Syncytial Viruses', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells']
| 17,823,085
|
[['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120', 'D23.125.300.120', 'D23.469.200.120', 'D23.529.374.200.120'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['G12.450.573'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.550.750'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.670.600.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Seasonal abundance, parity, and survival of adult Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern Alberta, Canada.
|
Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth & Jones) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) adults were active from May through October during 2002-2006 in southern Alberta, Canada. Adults were first captured in May, and populations peaked in early June, late July, and late August. The first population peak occurred when mean weekly temperatures exceeded 16 degrees C, resulting in a variable amount of time for spring emergence. This asynchrony in spring emergence accounted for much of the annual variation in timing of subsequent population peaks. Peaks were separated by an average of 6-7 wk. C. sonorensis seems to have one overwintering generation and two generations during the summer. Abundance was correlated among sites located up to 90 km apart. Abundance at a rangeland site increased more rapidly with mean weekly temperatures than at feedlot sites. The proportion female ranged from 0.68 to 0.83 but showed no consistent differences between rangeland and feedlot sites. The proportion female declined with distance from a developmental area at the rangeland site. Proportion parous was similar among rangeland and feedlot sites, and it also declined with distance from a developmental area at the rangeland site. The proportion parous increased early in the season, fluctuated throughout the mid-season, and increased with cooler temperatures in the fall. The proportion parous tended to increase when temperatures decreased. Estimates of adult daily survival were generally >0.8. Survival declined with temperature, was lowest in midsummer, and increased during the fall.
|
['Alberta', 'Animals', 'Ceratopogonidae', 'Longevity', 'Population Dynamics', 'Reproduction', 'Seasons', 'Time Factors']
| 18,047,194
|
[['Z01.107.567.176.064'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.500'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Loa loa Microfilariae in Skin Snips: Consequences for Onchocerciasis Monitoring and Evaluation in L. loa-Endemic Areas.
|
The specificity of skin snips for onchocerciasis diagnoses is considered to be almost 100%. Our molecular methods revealed that microfilariae emerging from skin snips collected from highly microfilaremic Loa loa-infected individuals were largely misidentified as Onchocerca volvulus. This has important implications for onchocerciasis diagnostic testing in Loa-endemic areas.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Loa', 'Loiasis', 'Male', 'Microfilariae', 'Middle Aged', 'Onchocerca volvulus', 'Onchocerciasis', 'Young Adult']
| 30,861,060
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.410'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.518'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.470', 'B05.525'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.510.850'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.699', 'C01.610.858.650', 'C17.800.838.775.690'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Restricted transcription from sigma H or phosphorylated spo0A dependent promoters in the temperature-sensitive secA341 mutant of Bacillus subtilis.
|
The temperature-sensitive secA341 mutation of Bacillus subtilis affects sporulation and sporulation-associated events as well as protein secretion and cell septation. With lacZ or bgaB fusion genes, we examined the expression of the early sporulation genes in the mutant strain. Transcriptional expression of delta H dependent kinA, spo0A (Ps), phrC, spoVG, and citG (p2) genes was blocked by the secA341 mutation at 37 degrees C. On the other hand, neither repression of the abrB gene nor induction of the spoH (delta H) gene was affected. Active RNA polymerase containing delta H was, however, found to be produced in the mutant cells. Expression of the phosphorylated Spo0A dependent spoIIG operon was also blocked. Thus the secA341 mutation blocks some step(s) or factor(s) required for delta H-dependent transcription in vivo.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Phosphorylation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'SEC Translocation Channels', 'SecA Proteins', 'Sigma Factor', 'Temperature', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 9,805,371
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D05.500.890.625', 'D12.776.157.530.875', 'D12.776.543.585.875'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.494'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enhanced sensitization and elicitation responses caused by mixtures of common fragrance allergens.
|
BACKGROUND: Perfumes are complex mixtures composed of many fragrance ingredients, many of which are known to be only weak allergens when tested individually. It is therefore surprising that fragrance contact allergy is one of the most common forms of contact allergy.OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether mixing different fragrance allergens leads to increased sensitization potency, and to examine the difference in the challenge response to one chemical in mice sensitized either with the mixture of allergens or with only the relevant allergen.METHODS: CBA mice were sensitized with three different concentrations of three fragrance allergens alone or as a mixture. The sensitization and elicitation responses were measured by ear thickness plus infiltration of B and T cells and T cell proliferation in the draining lymph nodes.RESULTS: We found a dose-dependent sensitization response for each of the allergens. An increased response was seen when the allergens were mixed. A stronger challenge response to cinnamal was seen in mice sensitized with the allergen mixture than in mice sensitized with cinnamal alone.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that mixtures of allergens increase the primary response that potentiates the generation of memory T cells in response to the specific allergen. Thus, allergen mixtures enhance both induction and elicitation of contact allergy.
|
['Acrolein', 'Aldehydes', 'Allergens', 'Animals', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclohexenes', 'Dermatitis, Allergic Contact', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Eugenol', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Perfume']
| 21,767,274
|
[['D02.047.122'], ['D02.047'], ['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.379'], ['C17.800.174.255.100', 'C17.800.815.255.100', 'C20.543.418.150'], ['G12.300'], ['D02.241.223.200.054.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['D27.720.269.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of inoculum and sulfide type on simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas and nitrogen removal from swine slurry and microbial mechanism.
|
Four reactors were initiated to study the effect of inoculum and sulfide type on the simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas and nitrogen removal from swine slurry (Ssu-Nir) process. Anaerobic sludge, aerobic sludge, and water were used as inocula, and Na2S and biogas were used as a sulfide substrate, respectively. Additionally, 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to explore the bacterial diversity. The results showed that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus, 42.2-84.4 %) were dominant in Ssu-Nir process and led to the excellent performance. Aerobic sludge was more suitable for inoculation of the Ssu-Nir process because it is better for rapidly enriching dominant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus, 54.4 %), denitrifying sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (40.0 %) and denitrifiers (23.9 %). Lower S(2-) removal efficiency (72.6 %) and NO3 (-) removal efficiency (<90 %) of the Ssu-Nir process were obtained using biogas as a sulfide substrate than when Na2S was used. For the Ssu-Nir process with biogas as the sulfide substrate, limiting H2S absorption caused a high relative abundance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Thiobacillus (84.8 %) and Thiobacillus sayanicus (39.6 %), which in turn led to low relative abundance of denitrifiers (1.6 %) and denitrifying sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (24.4 %), low NO3 (-) removal efficiency, and eventually poor performance.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Animals', 'Biofuels', 'Biota', 'Cluster Analysis', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Hydrogen Sulfide', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nitrogen', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sewage', 'Swine']
| 26,286,512
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['B01.050'], ['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['G16.500.275.157.049.100', 'N06.230.124.049.100'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D01.029.260.340', 'D01.362.350', 'D01.875.350'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Distinct Effector B Cells Induced by Unregulated Toll-like Receptor 7 Contribute to Pathogenic Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
|
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cells lacking IgD and CD27 (double negative; DN). We show that DN cell expansions reflected a subset of CXCR5- CD11c+ cells (DN2) representing pre-plasma cells (PC). DN2 cells predominated in African-American patients with active disease and nephritis, anti-Smith and anti-RNA autoantibodies. They expressed a T-bet transcriptional network; increased Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7); lacked the negative TLR regulator TRAF5; and were hyper-responsive to TLR7. DN2 cells shared with activated naive cells (aNAV), phenotypic and functional features, and similar transcriptomes. Their PC differentiation and autoantibody production was driven by TLR7 in an interleukin-21 (IL-21)-mediated fashion. An in vivo developmental link between aNAV, DN2 cells, and PC was demonstrated by clonal sharing. This study defines a distinct differentiation fate of autoreactive naive B cells into PC precursors with hyper-responsiveness to innate stimuli, as well as establishes prominence of extra-follicular B cell activation in SLE, and identifies therapeutic targets.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'B-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Female', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Cells', 'Toll-Like Receptor 7', 'Transcriptome', 'Young Adult']
| 30,314,758
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A11.063.438.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.450', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.382.032.438.450', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.300', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.450'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.063.438.725', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.382.032.438.725', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.700'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acid-etch retained cast metal prostheses: a seven-year retrospective study.
|
The results of this study showed: retention rate was good, caries on the retainer teeth was almost nonexistent, and the supporting tissue clinically did not appear to have a greater incidence of periodontal problems. We believe that these results indicate that the cast acid-etch retained anterior prosthesis should be considered a permanent restoration and a valuable aid for the dental patient.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Dental Caries', 'Denture Design', 'Denture Retention', 'Denture, Partial, Fixed', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontium', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 6,373,887
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.780.346.760.300', 'E06.912.250'], ['E06.780.346.760.550'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.271', 'E07.695.190.200.220.220'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A14.549.167.646'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adsorption of a phage tail-like bacteriocin to isolated lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium.
|
Purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the bacteriocin sensitive strain Rhizobium lupini i6-2 was shown to neutralize the killing activity of the bacteriocin. In the electron microscopical preparation the phage tail-like bacteriocin appears to be adsorbed to the LPS; the tail sheath is contracted and the fibres are oriented towards the LPS ribbon. In contrast, no interaction was observed between the bacteriocin and the LPS of two resistant strains of Rhizobium (16-2/Ii and 16-3). The inactivation of the bacteriocin by LPS depends on salt concentration, pH, and temperature. The receptor activity of LPS was destroyed by mild acid hydrolysis and by treatment with deoxycholate, which indicates that the micellar structure of the LPS is necessary for bacteriocin adsorption. The chemical composition of the 16-2 LPS was compared to that of the LPS of two resistant strains. In the case of 16-2/ii LPS minor modifications suffice to confer resistance against the bacteriocin.
|
['Acetates', 'Adsorption', 'Bacteriocins', 'Deoxycholic Acid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Rhamnose', 'Rhizobium', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Temperature']
| 21,942
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D12.776.097.151', 'D12.776.543.695.110'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['D09.254.799'], ['B03.440.400.425.700.800', 'B03.585.900', 'B03.660.050.662.670'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cyanotic congenital heart disease following fertility treatments in the United States from 2011 to 2014.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk for cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CCHDs) among live births in the USA, resulting from various forms of infertility treatments.METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of live births in the USA from 2011 to 2014. Infertility treatments are categorised into two of the following groups on birth certificates: assisted reproductive technology (ART) fertility treatment (surgical egg removal; eg, in vitro fertilisation and gamete intrafallopian transfer) and non-ART fertility treatment (eg, medical treatment and intrauterine insemination). We compared the risk for CCHD in ART and non-ART fertility treatment groups with those infants whose mothers received no documented fertility treatment and were naturally conceived (NC).RESULTS: Among 14 242 267 live births from 2011 to 2014, a total of 101 494 live births were in the ART and 81 242 resulted from non-ART fertility treatments. CCHD prevalence in ART, non-ART and NC groups were 393/100 892 (0.39%), 210/80 884 (0.26%) and 10 749/14 020 749 (0.08%), respectively. As compared with naturally conceiving infants, risk for CCHD was significantly higher among infants born in ART (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.7) and non-ART fertility treatment groups (aRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Absolute risk increase in CCHD due to ART and non-ART treatments were 0.03% and 0.02%, respectively. A similar pattern was observed when the analysis was restricted to twins, newborns with birth weights under 1500 g and gestational age of less than 32 weeks.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an increased risk for CCHD in infants conceived after all types of infertility treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Maternal Age', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 29,146,625
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.875.800', 'E05.820.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic Factors for Nonsurgically Treated Sagittal Band Injuries of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint.
|
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the prognosis for patients with sagittal band injuries who were treated nonsurgically.METHODS: A total of 94 patients who had been diagnosed with traumatic sagittal band injury and initially treated with 7 weeks of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint extension orthosis wear (5 weeks of full-time followed by 2 weeks of part-time use) were studied. The response to treatment, including finger range of motion (ROM), extensor tendon instability, grip strength, and functional outcome measured as Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score were assessed at 24-week follow-up. The factors that were assessed for their influence on the outcomes were age, sex, occupation, hand dominance, type of injury, injury severity, time to treatment, and the duration of orthosis wear. Potential predictor variables in bivariate analyses were entered into multivariable analyses to determine prognostic indicators of the outcomes.RESULTS: After 24 weeks' follow-up, 67 patients (71%) achieved resolution of symptomatic tendon translocation with 83% of grip strength and 90% of ROM compared with the unaffected hand. The final mean QuickDASH scores was 15. Twenty-seven patients (29%) had persistently symptomatic tendon subluxation, and of those, 18 (19%) underwent surgical repair. There were significantly more manual laborers in the failure group than in the success group. Subjects in the treatment failure group were older, had longer symptom durations, and were more likely to have grade III injuries than were those in the success group. Multivariable analysis revealed that manual labor, longer symptom duration, and grade III injury were associated with a higher likelihood of treatment failure.CONCLUSIONS: An MCP extension orthosis for sagittal band injury (5 weeks of full-time followed by 2 weeks of part-time use) led to mostly satisfactory results with 71% of patients achieving resolution of symptomatic tendon translocation, but manual labor, longer symptom duration, and grade III injury were associated with a higher likelihood of treatment failure.TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic IV.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metacarpophalangeal Joint', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupations', 'Orthotic Devices', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tendon Injuries', 'Treatment Failure', 'Young Adult']
| 30,660,398
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.405.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.824.547'], ['E07.858.442.743'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26.874'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Characteristics of the mitotic cycle of cells during the terminal stage of development of ascitic hepatoma 22A].
|
The authors studied growth peculiarities of the ascitic hepatoma 22A at the terminal stage of development. As shown by the autoradiography method, some of the cells could be at the G1-period or at the R1-period for 2 or even 4 days; the average duration of the G2-period constituted 16 hours. 55--60% of the cells were at the much prolonged G1- and R1-period, 7%--at the S-period, and 9%--at the G2-period. The rest 25--30% of cells apparently leave the mitotic cycle irreversibly since they take no part in proliferation after the division stimulation.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mitotic Index', 'Thymidine']
| 708,878
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sources and performance criteria of uncertainty of reference measurement procedures.
|
OBJECTIVE: This article wants to focus on the today available Reference Measurement Procedures (RMPs) for the determination of various analytes in Laboratory Medicine and the possible tools to evaluate their performance in the laboratories who are currently using them.METHODS: A brief review on the RMPs has been performed by investigating the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) database. In order to evaluate their performances, we have checked the organization of three international ring trials, i.e. those regularly performed by the IFCC External Quality assessment scheme for Reference Laboratories in Laboratory Medicine (RELA), by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cholesterol network and by the IFCC Network for HbA1c.RESULTS: Several RMPs are available through the JCTLM database, but the best way to collect information about the RMPs and their uncertainties is to look at the reference measurement service providers (RMS). This part of the database and the background on how to listed in the database is very helpful for the assessment of expanded uncertainty (MU) and performance in general of RMPs. Worldwide, 17 RMS are listed in the database, and for most of the measurands more than one RMS is able to run the relative RMPs, with similar expanded uncertainties. As an example, for a-amylase, 4 SP offer their services with MU between 1.6 and 3.3%. In other cases (such as total cholesterol, the U may span over a broader range, i.e. from 0.02 to 3.6%). With regard to the performance evaluation, the approach is often heterogenous, and it is difficult to compare the performance of laboratories running the same RMP for the same measurand if involved in more than one EQAS.CONCLUSIONS: The reference measurement services have been created to help laboratory professionals and manufacturers to implement the correct metrological traceability, and the JCTLM database is the only correct way to retrieve all the necessary important information to this end.
|
['Calibration', 'Cholesterol', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Databases, Factual', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Reference Standards', 'Uncertainty']
| 29,856,964
|
[['E05.978.155'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fatal diphenidol poisoning: a case report and a retrospective study of 16 cases.
|
Diphenidol hydrochloride (DPN), a nonphenothiazinic antiemetic agent used primarily in patients with Meniere disease and labyrinthopathies to treat vomiting and vertigo, is considered to be a relatively safe drug. Since it was first approved in the United States in 1967, this drug has been widely used in Latin America and Asia and has contributed to sporadic suicidal and accidental poisonings in mainland China and Taiwan. However, its toxic or lethal concentration ranges have not yet been determined. We report a case of a 23-year-old female who suffered from DPN poisoning that resulted in death. At autopsy, there were no typical pathological findings, except for cerebral edema with high acetylcholinesterase expression. Postmortem analysis of DPN revealed 45 µg/ml in heart blood, 39 µg/ml in femoral vein blood, 141 µg/g in the liver, and 53 mg in the gastric contents. These concentrations indicated that the cause of death was DPN poisoning. The circumstances indicated that the manner of death was suicide. We also present a retrospective study, in which we review and summarize the literature from 1998 to 2014 and describe 16 cases of poisoning, including information from autopsy reports and postmortem drug concentrations. In forensic practice, drug residues at the scene, patients with convulsions and disturbance of consciousness, and rapidly occurring deaths, should draw attention to the possibility of this drug. Toxicological analysis and the exclusion of other diseases may ultimately be used to confirm DPN poisoning.
|
['Antiemetics', 'Brain Edema', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Contents', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Molecular Structure', 'Piperidines', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Suicide', 'Young Adult']
| 26,481,789
|
[['D27.505.696.663.050.030', 'D27.505.954.427.095', 'D27.505.954.483.200'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['A12.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.621'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Incidentalomas of the adrenal gland: diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
|
Incidentally discovered adrenal masses are common since the advent and application of sensitive noninvasive imaging methods. The significance of these so-called "incidentalomas" and the question of further evaluation or treatment remains elusive. This report describes a retrospective study of 86 patients with incidentaloma. Adrenalectomy was performed on 26 patients during initial admission. Histologically, two cortisol-producing adenomas, an adenoma with subclinical cortisol production, and two pheochromocytomas (all of the preceding detected during the preoperative hormonal evaluation), three cystic lesions, one myelolipoma, and one hematoma were found. One primary and two metastatic adrenal carcinomas were also found in this series. Sixty patients with a nonfunctioning incidentaloma smaller than 6 cm were observed in an average of 43 months with serial CT scans performed at 3, 9, and 18 months after the initial diagnosis. Enlargement of the mass was detected in two patients; both proved to be nonfunctioning adenomas. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the initial laboratory evaluation is mandatory in cases of incidentalomas, including parameters of adrenocortical and medullar function. Hormonally active incidentalomas and those suspected for malignancy should be treated surgically. Masses greater than 6 cm should also be removed. Smaller incidentalomas without endocrine activity or signs of malignancy should be followed by CT scan at 3, 9, and 18 months after the initial diagnosis.
|
['Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 9,124,759
|
[['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['E04.270.115'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of carbon-sulfur and carbon-amine bond in therapeutic drug: 4â-S-aromatic heterocyclic podophyllum derivatives display antitumor activity.
|
Herein is a first effort to systematically study the significance of carbon-sulfur (C-S) and carbon-amine (C-NH) bonds on the antitumor proliferation activity of podophyllum derivatives and their precise mechanism of apoptosis. Compared with the derivative modified by a C-NH bond, the derivative modified by a C-S bond exhibited superior antitumor activity, the inhibition activity of target proteins tubulin or Topo II, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction. Antitumor mechanistic studies showed that the death receptor and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways were simultaneously activated by the C-S bond modified aromatic heterocyclic podophyllum derivatives with a higher cellular uptake percentage of 60-90% and induction of a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Only the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was activated by the C-NH bond modified aromatic heterocyclic podophyllum derivatives, with a lower cellular uptake percentage of 40-50%. This study provided insight into effects of the C-S and C-NH bond modification on the improvement of the antitumor activity of Podophyllum derivatives.
|
['Amines', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Biological Transport', 'Carbon', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'HeLa Cells', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Microtubules', 'Mitochondria', 'Plant Extracts', 'Podophyllotoxin', 'Podophyllum', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Sulfur', 'Tubulin']
| 26,443,888
|
[['D02.092'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450.777', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675', 'D04.615.638.960.675'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.125.500'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D01.268.185.900'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phylogenetic supermatrix analysis of GenBank sequences from 2228 papilionoid legumes.
|
A comprehensive phylogeny of papilionoid legumes was inferred from sequences of 2228 taxa in GenBank release 147. A semiautomated analysis pipeline was constructed to download, parse, assemble, align, combine, and build trees from a pool of 11,881 sequences. Initial steps included all-against-all BLAST similarity searches coupled with assembly, using a novel strategy for building length-homogeneous primary sequence clusters. This was followed by a combination of global and local alignment protocols to build larger secondary clusters of locally aligned sequences, thus taking into account the dramatic differences in length of the heterogeneous coding and noncoding sequence data present in GenBank. Next, clusters were checked for the presence of duplicate genes and other potentially misleading sequences and examined for combinability with other clusters on the basis of taxon overlap. Finally, two supermatrices were constructed: a "sparse" matrix based on the primary clusters alone (1794 taxa x 53,977 characters), and a somewhat more "dense" matrix based on the secondary clusters (2228 taxa x 33,168 characters). Both matrices were very sparse, with 95% of their cells containing gaps or question marks. These were subjected to extensive heuristic parsimony analyses using deterministic and stochastic heuristics, including bootstrap analyses. A "reduced consensus" bootstrap analysis was also performed to detect cryptic signal in a subtree of the data set corresponding to a "backbone" phylogeny proposed in previous studies. Overall, the dense supermatrix appeared to provide much more satisfying results, indicated by better resolution of the bootstrap tree, excellent agreement with the backbone papilionoid tree in the reduced bootstrap consensus analysis, few problematic large polytomies in the strict consensus, and less fragmentation of conventionally recognized genera. Nevertheless, at lower taxonomic levels several problems were identified and diagnosed. A large number of methodological issues in supermatrix construction at this scale are discussed, including detection of annotation errors in GenBank sequences; the shortage of effective algorithms and software for local multiple sequence alignment; the difficulty of overcoming effects of fragmentation of data into nearly disjoint blocks in sparse supermatrices; and the lack of informative tools to assess confidence limits in very large trees.
|
['Algorithms', 'Base Sequence', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computational Biology', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Fabaceae', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 17,060,202
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.765'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Nonlinearities in stereoscopic phase-differencing.
|
Exploiting the quasi-linear relationship between local phase and disparity, phase-differencing registration algorithms provide a fast, powerful means for disparity estimation. Unfortunately, these phase-differencing techniques suffer a significant impediment: phase nonlinearities. In regions of phase nonlinearity, the signals under consideration possess properties that invalidate the use of phase for disparity estimation. This paper uses the amenable properties of Gaussian white noise images to analytically quantify these properties. The improved understanding gained from this analysis enables us to better understand current methodologies for detecting regions of phase instability. Most importantly, we introduce a new, more effective means for identifying these regions based on the second derivative of phase.
|
['Algorithms', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Microscopy, Phase-Contrast', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Photogrammetry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,713,673
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.513.569', 'E05.490.630.569', 'E05.595.513.569'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['E01.370.350.600.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[A highly sensitive assay method of oxalic acid in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent labeling reagent].
|
An assay method for the plasma level of oxalic acid (OA) was developed by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Low molecular weight carboxylic acids including OA were separated from interfering plasma components by passing through ultrafilter (Centriflow CF 25, Amicon) and a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge (Waters), and OA was extracted with tri-n-butyl phosphate. The OA in the organic layer was converted to a fluorescent substance by the esterification with 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). This reaction mixture was injected into a HPLC apparatus with a fluorophotometric detector. In the experiment using standard OA, a linear relationship was obtained in concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 micrograms/ml. The detection limit of this method was 0.1 micrograms/ml, and the coefficient of variation was 2.0%. The method developed in the present study is considered to be useful as a routine assay method for the human plasma OA level.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Oxalates', 'Oxalic Acid']
| 2,754,617
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.081.337.593'], ['D02.241.081.337.593.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification and characterization of wheat drought-responsive MYB transcription factors involved in the regulation of cuticle biosynthesis.
|
A plant cuticle forms a hydrophobic layer covering plant organs, and plays an important role in plant development and protection from environmental stresses. We examined epicuticular structure, composition, and a MYB-based regulatory network in two Australian wheat cultivars, RAC875 and Kukri, with contrasting cuticle appearance (glaucousness) and drought tolerance. Metabolomics and microscopic analyses of epicuticular waxes revealed that the content of â-diketones was the major compositional and structural difference between RAC875 and Kukri. The content of â-diketones remained the same while those of alkanes and primary alcohols were increased by drought in both cultivars, suggesting that the interplay of all components rather than a single one defines the difference in drought tolerance between cultivars. Six wheat genes encoding MYB transcription factors (TFs) were cloned; four of them were regulated in flag leaves of both cultivars by rapid dehydration and/or slowly developing cyclic drought. The involvement of selected MYB TFs in the regulation of cuticle biosynthesis was confirmed by a transient expression assay in wheat cell culture, using the promoters of wheat genes encoding cuticle biosynthesis-related enzymes and the SHINE1 (SHN1) TF. Two functional MYB-responsive elements, specifically recognized by TaMYB74 but not by other MYB TFs, were localized in the TdSHN1 promoter. Protein structural determinants underlying the binding specificity of TaMYB74 for functional DNA cis-elements were defined, using 3D protein molecular modelling. A scheme, linking drought-induced expression of the investigated TFs with downstream genes that participate in the synthesis of cuticle components, is proposed.
|
['Dehydration', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'Triticum', 'Waxes']
| 27,489,236
|
[['C18.452.950.179', 'C23.550.274'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D12.776.930'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['D10.945']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Photodynamic inactivation of gramicidin channels:a flash-photolysis study.
|
Photosensitized inactivation of ionic channels formed by gramicidin in the planar bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) has been studied upon exposure of the BLM to single flashes of visible light in the presence of tetrasulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine. The gramicidin photoinactivation is inhibited by the addition of unsaturated phospholipids to the membrane-forming solution as well as by the addition of azide to the bathing solution, consistent with involvement of singlet oxygen. The characteristic time of the photoinactivation (tau) does not change markedly under these conditions. Moreover, tau remains nearly constant upon alteration of the flash energy and the photosensitizer concentration. The value of tau appears to be sensitive to the gramicidin concentration and to the factors affecting the open time of the gramicidin channels, namely the temperature and the solvent used in the membrane-forming solution. The photoinactivation is not observed with covalent gramicidin dimers. The equations derived from the model of Bamberg and Laeuger (J. Membrane Biol. (1973) 11, 177-194), describing the relaxation of the gramicidin-induced conductance after a sudden distortion of the dimer-monomer equilibrium, are shown to explain consistently the time course of the photoinactivation provided that the damage of the gramicidin molecules leads to deviation from the equilibrium.
|
['Gramicidin', 'Indoles', 'Ion Channels', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Photolysis']
| 8,695,636
|
[['D04.345.566.850.300', 'D12.644.641.850.300', 'D12.776.543.695.221'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G02.740.685']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Occlusal loading evaluation in the cervical integrity of Class II cavities filled with composite.
|
There are many doubts about the clinical behavior of condensable composite restorations in Class II cavities, particularly when they are submitted to axial mechanical loads. This study evaluated cervical microleakage in Class II direct fillings in composite, whether or not they were submitted to an occlusal load cycling. Twenty-three human molars with standardized cavities (proximal vertical "slot") were treated with enamel and cement endings. After completion of the filling process with condensable composite (Surefil), they were separated into two groups: control (without occlusal loading) and test, where 4,000 one-second cycles of 150 N occlusal loading were applied. Twenty teeth were submitted to a microleakage test and then evaluated according to dye penetration. Significant statistical differences (Wilcoxon test, p=0.005<0.05) of leakage degree in enamel and cement were found in the control group. Significant statistical differences at <0.05 were also found in the test group, with p=0.045. After paired comparison of the control and test groups, a significant statistical difference was found at the enamel level (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.03). However, no significant statistical differences were found at the cement level (p=0.28). Therefore, it could be concluded that there was greater microleakage in cement compared to enamel, and occlusal loading has a decisive influence, as it increases the rate of microleakage.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Bite Force', 'Coloring Agents', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Cavity Preparation', 'Dental Cements', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Leakage', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Dentin', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Polymethacrylic Acids', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tooth Cervix']
| 16,382,595
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['E06.276.125'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.931.325'], ['D25.339.291', 'J01.637.051.339.291'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['C07.793.221'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A14.549.167.900.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydrophilic, semipermeable membranes fabricated with poly(ethylene oxide)-polysulfone block copolymer.
|
Semipermeable membranes may be fabricated from mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide)/polysulfone block copolymer (PEO-b-PSF) and polysulfone. Membranes fabricated with PEO-b-PSF possess a hydrophilic surface. PEO-b-PSF segregates to the membrane surface during phase inversion fabrication of the membrane rendering the surface hydrophilic. Changes in surface hydrophilicity were demonstrated by a dramatic reduction in the dynamic contact angle in water. With regard to the similar microporous hollow fiber membranes, a PEO-b-PSF membrane had a dynamic water contact angle of 33 degrees +/- 2 compared to a 111 degrees +/- 3 for a polysulfone membrane. Studies on porcine platelet-rich plasma in vitro demonstrated that the hydrophilic PEO-b-PSF membrane was resistant to platelet adhesion compared to a polysulfone membrane. An order of magnitude fewer adherent platelets were observed on a PEO-b-PSF membrane compared to a polysulfone membrane. The hydrophilicity of PEO-b-PSF makes it a unique material for the fabrication of membranes for medical devices.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Sulfones', 'Surface Properties', 'Swine']
| 10,711,969
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['G04.022'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D02.886.590'], ['G02.860'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Central nervous system blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia misdiagnosed as tubercular meningitis.
|
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) presenting with isolated Central Nervous System (CNS) blast crisis is an uncommon entity. A 22-year-old man, diagnosed with chronic phase CML in 2011 and was in haematological and cytogenetic remission until July 2016, had acute onset headache and vomiting with meningeal signs and was admitted elsewhere, investigated by brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and suspected to have tubercular meningitis, for which steroids and antitubercular medications were started. The patient's sensorium further deteriorated, and Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery was done for hydrocephalus by a neurosurgeon. After 2 months of the illness, he was admitted to our hospital with a persistent headache, vomiting and altered sensorium. CSF for cytospin confirmed myeloid blasts. He was still in haematological remission. So, a diagnosis of isolated CNS blast crisis was made. The patient was started on triple intrathecal chemotherapy and cranial radiotherapy. He had improvement with treatment and is still in remission.
|
['Adult', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Blast Crisis', 'Central Nervous System', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Drug Therapy', 'Fever', 'Granulocyte Precursor Cells', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Male', 'Rare Diseases', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal']
| 29,895,576
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['C04.557.337.539.250.100', 'C04.697.098.500.110', 'C15.378.190.636.370.100', 'C23.550.727.098.500.110'], ['A08.186'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['E02.319'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['A11.148.350.350', 'A11.148.378.590.675.500', 'A11.627.340.360', 'A11.627.635.675.500', 'A11.872.378.590.635.500', 'A15.378.316.340.350', 'A15.378.316.378.590.675.500'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
On the enzymatic activation of NADH.
|
Atomic (1 A) resolution x-ray structures of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in complex with NADH revealed the formation of an adduct in the active site between a metal-bound water and NADH. Furthermore, a pronounced distortion of the pyridine ring of NADH was observed. A series of quantum chemical calculations on the water-nicotinamide adduct showed that the puckering of the pyridine ring in the crystal structures can only be reproduced when the water is considered a hydroxide ion. These observations provide fundamental insight into the enzymatic activation of NADH for hydride transfer.
|
['Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Horses', 'Liver', 'Models, Molecular', 'NAD']
| 11,134,046
|
[['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intrauterine gastric perforation.
|
We describe a case of intrauterine gastric perforation in a 31-week gestational age baby girl. The patient presented at birth with abdominal distension, respiratory distress, and massive pneumoperitoneum on radiography. The perforation was managed by resuscitation, celiotomy, and gastrostomy tube placement through the site of perforation. This is the second report of an intrauterine gastric perforation in the literature.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Gastrostomy', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Stomach Rupture']
| 16,807,718
|
[['E01.171'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['C23.300.909'], ['C06.405.748.824', 'C26.017.809', 'C26.761.684']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of the dissolution behaviour of tablets containing the drug in a polyethyleneglycol solid dispersion with direct compressed tablets.
|
Higher dissolution rates of diazepam were noted with tablets containing the drug in polyethyleneglycol solid dispersion compared to these containing a physical mixture of the drug granulated with polyethyleneglycol or to directly compressed tablets. The shape factor and t63% depend strongly on the method of incorporation of the drug in the compressed mass. The dissolution of the drug becomes pH independent when it is present as a solid dispersion, which may be advantageous for the bioavailability.
|
['Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Drug Compounding', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Solubility', 'Tablets']
| 2,726,990
|
[['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.916.270'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G02.805'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Results of one-stage reconstruction of anal sphincter in surgical treatment of fistulas-in-ano combined with fecal incontinence].
|
The investigation included 20 patients. Mean index of the severity of incontinence before operation by the Wexner scale was 9.3+/-2.4 scores. After radical dissection of the fistula and sphincter plasty in 7 patients (the first group) the wound of the rectum mucosa was sutured in longitudinal direction, in 13 patients (the second group) the rectum wall graft was brought down to the edge of the created anal canal. Uncomplicated post-operative period was noted in 15 (75%) patients. Suppuration of the wound developed in 3 (42.9%) patients of the first group and in 2 (15.3%) patients of the second group. The index of incontinence severity decreased to 2.4+/-1.1% scores (reduction of 4.5 scores in the first group and 7.7 scores in the second group).
|
['Adult', 'Anal Canal', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Fecal Incontinence', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Metronidazole', 'Middle Aged', 'Perioperative Care', 'Proctoscopy', 'Recovery of Function', 'Rectal Fistula', 'Recurrence', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Surgically-Created Structures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,848,239
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['C06.405.469.860.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.600', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.680', 'E04.210.240.250.680', 'E04.502.250.250.250.680'], ['G16.757'], ['C06.267.550.600', 'C06.405.469.471.600', 'C06.405.469.860.752', 'C23.300.575.185.550.600'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['A10.850', 'E07.862'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a large family].
|
Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare disease. We describe here three brothers with this disease from a big family consisting of 10 siblings. The case is undoubtedly X-linked because the sufferers are only boys, one of them with a different father. The illness was noticed rather late, namely, at the ages of approximately 7, 6 and 5 years. Possibly, this is a particular characteristic of this family, because the disease is usually diagnosed before the age of two years. In the oldest brother (at present 15 years old) epicystotomy was performed at the time of diagnosis because of polyuria, hydroureteronephrosis and bladder hypotonia; the intervention caused a urinary tract infection leading to chronic pyelonephritis and renal scarring. No urologic intervention was necessary in the younger brothers, because their illness was noticed and treatment started somewhat earlier. This case shows that polydipsia and polyuria should always be assessed properly to disclose their causes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic', 'Diuretics', 'Humans', 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Sex Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 16,528,130
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['C12.777.419.135.500', 'C13.351.968.419.135.500'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.590.700.135.261.476', 'D02.886.655.500.261.476', 'D03.633.100.174.261.476'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The organizational aspects of medical support of convicts in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)].
|
The organization of medical care in the Central hospital of the department of Federal penitentiary service of Russia of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was examined The analysis of morbidity of convicts was carried out. The activities concerning enhancement of quality of organization of medical care considering tendencies in health care are proposed.
|
['Criminals', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Humans', 'Russia']
| 26,012,275
|
[['M01.142'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and correlates of snoring and observed apneas in 5,201 older adults.
|
The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of snoring, observed apneas, and daytime sleepiness in older men and women, and to describe the relationships of these sleep disturbances to health status and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A cross-sectional design was employed to study sleep problems, CVD, general health, psychosocial factors, and medication use. The subjects were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, which included 5,201 adults, aged 65 and older, who were recruited from a random sample of Medicare enrollees in four U.S. communities. Study measures employed were sleep questions, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, resting electrocardiogram, cognitive function, cardiopulmonary symptoms and diseases, depression, independent activities of daily living (IADLs), and benzodiazepine use. Thirty-three percent of the men and 19% of the women reported loud snoring, which was less frequent in those over age 75. Snoring was positively associated with younger age, marital status, and alcohol use in men, and obesity, diabetes, and arthritis in women. Snoring was not associated, however, with cardiovascular risk factors or clinical CVD in men or women. Observed apneas were reported much less frequently (13% of men and 4% women) than snoring, and they were associated with alcohol use, chronic bronchitis, and marital status in men. Observed apneas were associated with depression and diabetes in women. In both men and women, daytime sleepiness was associated with poor health, advanced age, and IADL limitations. The conclusions of the study were that loud snoring, observed apneas, and daytime sleepiness are not associated cross-sectionally with hypertension or prevalent CVD in elderly persons.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Narcolepsy', 'Prevalence', 'Random Allocation', 'Sex Factors', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes', 'Snoring']
| 8,899,931
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C08.381'], ['C10.886.425.800.200.750', 'F03.870.400.800.200.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750'], ['C23.888.852.779.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Membrane permeability of secondary hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. Determination of the water diffusional and osmotic permeability coefficients through a syncytial membrane.
|
Diffusional (Pw) and osmotic (Pf) water permeability coefficients were determined for the syncytial epithelium of larval Echinococcus granulosus. Pw was calculated from simultaneous influx measurements of tritiated water and n-[14C]butanol through the hydatid cyst wall. The total diffusional water permeability coefficient, P'w, was found to be 2.2 X 10(-4) cm s-1; which is similar to that previously reported by Rotunno et al. (1974, J. Parasitol. 60, 13-620). Nevertheless, when P'f is corrected for the unstirred water layer effects, a Pw value of 6.2 X 10(-4) cm s-1 is obtained. Thus, the unstirred water layer effects have a very important contribution to P'w. Total steady state osmotic permeability coefficient, P'f, was bound to be about 15 X 10(-4) cm s-1 and it is scarcely affected by those mechanisms that tend to distort the evaluation of Pf. The experimentally determined osmotic coefficient differs from the corrected Pf by only 6%. The Pf/Pw ratio was found to be 2.4. The present study clearly confirms that syncytial membranes can be highly permeable to water, in spite of the fact that they lack tight junctions. Thus, water permeability through epithelial syncytium must be exclusively controlled by the permeability of the apical and/or basocellular membranes.
|
['Animals', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Diffusion', 'Echinococcosis', 'Echinococcus', 'Larva', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Osmosis', 'Raffinose', 'Sucrose', 'Water']
| 6,749,186
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.119'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['C01.610.335.190.396'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.215.327'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495'], ['D09.698.629.802.700'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological features of Acanthamoeba causing keratitis contaminated from contact lens cases.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the morphological characteristics of genus Acanthamoeba which is an opportunistic organism associated with wearing contact lenses that the biofilm phenomenon in contact lens cases contained Acanthamoeba causing keratitis by conventional culture technique.MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 150 contact lens cases were biofilm scraped in March till September 2007, at an institution in Nakhornpathom Province, Thailand. The 'gold standard' culture technique was used for the excystation growth development observation. Cysts of Acanthamoeba spp. contained 50 microlitres of Escherichia coli and contact lens solution were incubated and observed for the presence of cysts and/or trophozoites for 12 days. An infected slide was stained with giemsa solution and other non-stained and non-fixed slides were carried out for morphological characteristics study by different microscopes.RESULTS: The prevalence of Acanthamoeba spp. in scraping of contact lens cases was 6.7% (10/150). These Acanthamoeba isolates at temperature around 37 degrees C were consisted of all three groups, which in summary; the average diameter of cysts in Astronyxids (group I) was relatively large. They were > or = 18 micrometers, while those of Polyphagids (group II) and Culbertsonids (group III) were < or = 18 micron. The typical morphology of Acanthamoeba trophozoites moving freely in water were recognized by the presence of lobopodium and acanthopodia within 12 observed days. The average size of Acanthamoeba trophozoites was in the range of 12-45 micron. Three different images of cyst were feature studied.CONCLUSION: Three Acanthamoeba groups by biofilm scraping from contact lens cases should be differentiated. Morphological characteristics cysts and trophozoites should be confirmed. In addition, to improve contact lens wearer education, compliance with contact lens cases, hygiene recommendations and regular disposal of contact lens cases might help to solve contact lens cases.
|
['Acanthamoeba', 'Acanthamoeba Keratitis', 'Amebiasis', 'Biofilms', 'Contact Lens Solutions', 'Contact Lenses', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prevalence', 'Pseudopodia', 'Thailand', 'Trophozoites']
| 20,235,365
|
[['B01.046.500.100.075.080'], ['C01.610.300.125', 'C01.610.752.049.203', 'C11.204.564.112', 'C11.294.725.125'], ['C01.610.752.049'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D26.776.210', 'D27.505.954.122.425.150', 'D27.720.274.150'], ['E07.632.500.276'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['A11.284.180.700'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['A11.870.740.900', 'B05.500.950', 'B05.775.740.900', 'G07.345.500.550.500.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Variable effects of soy protein on plasma lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic hemodialysis patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemic factors contribute to the high cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. Soy protein has decreased some atherogenic lipid concentrations in subjects with normal renal function. This study evaluates the effect of soy protein on serum lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic hemodialysis patients.METHODS: Nineteen hyperlipidemic and 18 normolipidemic hemodialysis patients were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. After a 4-week run-in phase, subjects in each category were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Thirty grams of isolated soy protein or milk protein was consumed daily as a beverage at breakfast or postdialysis for 12 weeks.RESULTS: In hyperlipidemic subjects, soy protein intake significantly decreased total cholesterol levels by 18.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], -11.4 to -25.8; P = 0.04), triglyceride levels by 43.1% (95% CI, -34.0 to -52.2; P = 0.02), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 23.6% (95% CI, -14.7 to -32.5; P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B levels by 15.4% (95% CI, -5.4 to -25.4; P = 0.01), and insulin levels by 49.8% (95% CI, -23.3 to -66.1; P < 0.01). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was decreased significantly (-25.8%; 95% CI, -8.3 to -42.7; P = 0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was increased significantly (17%; 95% CI, 2 to 32.0; P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference compared with the milk protein group (-5.5% +/- 16.9% and 7.0% +/- 11.8%, respectively). There were no significant changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in normolipidemic subjects.CONCLUSION: These results indicate soy protein substitution has lipid-lowering effects in hyperlipidemic hemodialysis patients. However, soy protein intake had little effect on plasma lipid levels in normolipidemic hemodialysis patients.
|
['Aged', 'Apolipoproteins B', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cholesterol', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Insulin', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Milk Proteins', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Soybean Proteins', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triglycerides']
| 16,310,576
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D10.532.091.300', 'D12.776.070.400.300', 'D12.776.521.120.300'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D12.776.765.741', 'G07.203.300.428.920.750', 'G07.203.300.850.450.500.750', 'J02.500.428.920.750', 'J02.500.850.800.500.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Plasma calcium and calcitonin levels in eels fed a high calcium solution or transferred to seawater.
|
To examine the physiological role of calcitonin (CT) in calcium homeostasis of teleosts, we compared calcium and CT levels in freshwater eels fed a high calcium-consomme solution (Ca2+: 1.25 M; 1 ml/100 g body wt) into the stomach (Experiment I), and in freshwater eels transferred from freshwater to seawater (Experiment II). In experiment I, plasma calcium and CT levels in the high calcium-treated eels rapidly increased (calcium: 2.63 mM at 0 h to 8. 50 mM at 3 h; CT: below detection level at 0 h to 1118.2 pg/ml at 3 h). Plasma calcium and CT levels in the control eels remained below detection level during the 3 h of the experiment. In experiment II, the plasma CT levels did not increase, although the plasma calcium levels increased from 3.23 mM at 0 h to 4.10 mM at 8 h. Therefore, in eels, we demonstrate a correlation between plasma CT and plasma calcium raised by dietary calcium in the consomme form, but it does not participate in the initial processes of seawater adaptation.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Anguilla', 'Animals', 'Calcitonin', 'Calcium', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Fresh Water', 'Homeostasis', 'Seawater', 'Solutions']
| 10,336,820
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.338.282'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.150', 'D06.472.931.052', 'D12.644.400.095', 'D12.644.548.150', 'D12.776.631.650.095'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.146.395'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['G07.410'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D26.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Biochemical alterations in the trapezius muscle of patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD)--a microdialysis study.
|
The mechanisms behind the development of chronic trapezius myalgia in patients with whiplash associated disorders (WAD) appear to involve both peripheral and central components, but the specific contribution of alterations in muscle is not clear. Female patients with WAD and involvement of trapezius (N=22) and female controls (N=20; CON) were studied during an experiment compromised of rest (baseline), 20min repetitive low-force exercise and 120min recovery. Their interstitial concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, potassium, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and blood flow were determined in the trapezius muscle using a microdialysis technique. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) over trapezius and tibialis anterior muscles were also assessed. In WAD, we found signs of generalized hypersensitivity according to PPT. The WAD group had significantly higher interstitial [IL-6] and [5-HT] in the trapezius than the CON. [Pyruvate] was overall significantly lower in WAD, and with lactate it showed another time-pattern throughout the test. In the multivariate regression analysis of pain intensity [5-HT] was the strongest regressor and positively correlated with pain intensity in WAD. In addition, blood flow, [pyruvate], and [potassium] influenced the pain intensity in a complex time dependent way. These findings may indicate that peripheral nociceptive processes are activated in WAD with generalized hypersensitivity for pressure and they are not identical with those reported in chronic work-related trapezius myalgia, which could indicate different pain mechanisms.
|
['Adult', 'Chronic Disease', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lactic Acid', 'Microdialysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neck Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Potassium', 'Pressure', 'Pyruvic Acid', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Serotonin', 'Shoulder', 'Whiplash Injuries']
| 17,459,742
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C23.888.592.612.553'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['G01.374.715'], ['D02.241.755.812.800'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A01.378.800.750'], ['C26.700.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hemispheric asymmetry and visuo-olfactory integration in perceiving subthreshold (micro) fearful expressions.
|
Multisensory integration is ubiquitous, facilitating perception beyond the limit of individual senses. This mechanism is especially salient when individual sensory input is weak (i.e., the principle of inverse effectiveness), fusing subthreshold cues into tangible percepts. Nevertheless, it is unclear how this rule applies to threat perception, synthesizing elusive, discrete traces of a threat into a discernible danger signal. In light of hemispheric asymmetry in threat processing, we combined parafoveal stimulus presentation and the contralateral P1 visual event-related potential to investigate how aversive olfactory inputs enhance visual perception of highly degraded, subthreshold fearful expressions. The dominant right hemisphere exhibited early visual discrimination between subtle fear and neutral expressions, independently of accompanying odors. In the left hemisphere, differential visual processing occurred only at the convergence of negative odors and minute facial fear, highlighting the success and necessity of visuo-olfactory threat integration in this disadvantaged hemisphere. Reaction time data from a subsequent dot-detection task complemented these neural findings, revealing odor-dependent and hemisphere-specific modulation of spatial attention to facial expressions. Our evidence thus indicates cross-modal threat integration in basic visual perception in humans that captures minimal threat information, especially in the blind right hemifield. Critically, this interaction between multisensory synergy and hemispheric asymmetry in threat perception may underlie the multifaceted fear experiences of everyday life.
|
['Facial Expression', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odorants', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Smell', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 22,323,728
|
[['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['F01.470.361'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular Engineering of Acoustic Protein Nanostructures.
|
Ultrasound is among the most widely used biomedical imaging modalities, but has limited ability to image specific molecular targets due to the lack of suitable nanoscale contrast agents. Gas vesicles-genetically encoded protein nanostructures isolated from buoyant photosynthetic microbes-have recently been identified as nanoscale reporters for ultrasound. Their unique physical properties give gas vesicles significant advantages over conventional microbubble contrast agents, including nanoscale dimensions and inherent physical stability. Furthermore, as a genetically encoded material, gas vesicles present the possibility that the nanoscale mechanical, acoustic, and targeting properties of an imaging agent can be engineered at the level of its constituent proteins. Here, we demonstrate that genetic engineering of gas vesicles results in nanostructures with new mechanical, acoustic, surface, and functional properties to enable harmonic, multiplexed, and multimodal ultrasound imaging as well as cell-specific molecular targeting. These results establish a biomolecular platform for the engineering of acoustic nanomaterials.
|
['Acoustics', 'Contrast Media', 'Microbubbles', 'Nanostructures', 'Proteins', 'Ultrasonography']
| 27,351,374
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E07.553'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D12.776'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Membrane sequestration by the EIIB domain of the mannitol permease MtlA activates the Bacillus subtilis mtl operon regulator MtlR.
|
In most firmicutes expression of the mannitol operon is regulated by MtlR. This transcription activator is controlled via phosphorylation of its regulatory domains by components of the phosphoenolpyruvate : carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). We found that activation of Bacillus subtilis MtlR also requires an interaction with the EIIB(Mtl) domain of the mannitol permease MtlA (EIICB(Mtl) ). The constitutive expression of the mtlAFD operon in an mtlF mutant was prevented when entire mtlA or only its 3' part (EIIB(Mtl) ) were deleted. Yeast two-hybrid experiments revealed a direct interaction of the EIIB(Mtl) domain with the two C-terminal domains of MtlR. Complementation of the Ä3'-mtlA ÄmtlF or ÄmtlAFD mutants with mtlA restored constitutive MtlR activity, whereas complementation with only 3'-mtlA had no effect. Moreover, synthesis of EIIB(Mtl) in strains producing constitutively active MtlR caused MtlR inactivation. Interestingly, EIIB(Mtl) fused to the trans-membrane protein YwqC restored constitutive MtlR activity in the above mutants. Replacing the phosphorylatable Cys with Asp in MtlA or soluble EIIB(Mtl) lowered MtlR activation, indicating that MtlR does not interact with phosphorylatyed EIIB(Mtl) . Induction of the B. subtilis mtl operon therefore follows a novel regulation mechanism where the transcription activator needs to be sequestered to the membrane by unphosphorylated EIICB(Mtl) in order to be functional.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Mannitol', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Operon', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Repressor Proteins']
| 23,279,188
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pacing in Olympic track races: competitive tactics versus best performance strategy.
|
The purpose of this study was to describe pacing strategies in the 800 to 10,000-m Olympic finals. We asked 1) if Olympic finals differed from World Records, 2) how variable the pace was, 3) whether runners faced catastrophic events, and 4) for the winning strategy. Publically available data from the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games gathered by four transponder antennae under the 400-m track were analysed to extract descriptors of pacing strategies. Individual pacing patterns of 133 finalists were visualised using speed by distance plots. Six of eight plots differed from the patterns reported for World Records. The coefficient of running speed variation was 3.6-11.4%. In the long distance finals, runners varied their pace every 100 m by a mean 1.6-2.7%. Runners who were 'dropped' from the field achieved a stable running speed and displayed an endspurt. Top contenders used variable pacing strategies to separate themselves from the field. All races were decided during the final lap. Olympic track finalists employ pacing strategies which are different from World Record patterns. The observed micro- and macro-variations of pace may have implications for training programmes. Dropping off the pace of the leading group is an active step, and the result of interactive psychophysiological decision making.
|
['Athletic Performance', 'Competitive Behavior', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Running']
| 22,738,897
|
[['I03.450.642.845.054'], ['F01.145.813.105'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in healthy Chinese volunteers].
|
AIM: To assess the pharmacokinetic profile of single doses of meloxicam in healthy Chinese volunteers.METHODS: The plasma concentrations of meloxicam after an oral dose of 15 mg to twenty healthy male volunteers were analyzed by means of a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk test to determine whether these data were fitted to a normal distribution.RESULTS: The twenty volunteers can be classified into extensive metabolizers and poor metabolizers according to pharmacokinetic parameters. The main parameters in the two groups obtained were as follows: T 1/2 were 21 +/- 4 and 38 +/- 9 h, AUC0-infinity were 49 +/- 10 and 110 +/- 8 micrograms.h.mL-1, respectively. Even the AUC data in extensive metabolizers were 1.7 times as that reported in White volunteers following the same doses of meloxicam.CONCLUSION: There were significant individual differences in the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in Chinese volunteers, which may be due to the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Area Under Curve', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meloxicam', 'Thiazines', 'Thiazoles']
| 12,579,866
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.665.275', 'D02.886.675.448', 'D03.383.129.708.448', 'D03.383.855.275'], ['D02.886.665', 'D03.383.855'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Histopathologic changes in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of rhesus macaques, ten days after exposure to soman (an organophosphorus nerve agent).
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Soman, an organophosphorus, anticholinergic, chemical warfare nerve agent, is studied at few research facilities, and there have been few pathologic studies of soman-exposed primates. We describe the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle lesions, review lesions described in literature, and discuss possible pharmacologic mechanisms for soman-induced neuron necrosis.METHODS: In this retrospective, histopathologic study, records were obtained for 36 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were euthanized 10 days after soman exposure, from a larger group of 103 monkeys that were exposed to soman and used for pharmacologic and lethality studies.RESULTS: Brain lesions were seen in 9 of 15 animals that convulsed and in only 1 of 21 that did not convulse. The brain lesions in our primates were limited to the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus (of one animal), and consisted of neuron necrosis and dropout, spongiosis, gliosis, astrocytosis, and vascularization. Heart lesions consisted of myocardial degeneration and necrosis. Three animals had brain and heart lesions, 7 had brain lesions only, and 3 had heart lesions only. Skeletal muscle lesions, although minimal to mild, were in most of the animals, whether they had convulsed, but most had muscular tremors. These lesions were in the biceps brachii (11 of 22 monkeys), anterior tibialis (8/22), biceps femoris (7/22), flexor carpi radialis (5/22), gastrocnemius (3/22), and diaphragm (1/22). The limited literature on soman lesions in primate brain and heart, and the limited information on skeletal muscle lesions, is reviewed.CONCLUSIONS: Brain lesions were not as wide-spread as reported in other studies of primates and rodents, and were significantly associated with convulsions. Unlike other studies using rodents, we observed poor correlation between heart and brain lesions; thus, a single hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis for the brain and heart lesions may be difficult to establish.
|
['Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain', 'Chemical Warfare Agents', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Gliosis', 'Heart', 'Hippocampus', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myocardium', 'Neurons', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Seizures', 'Soman', 'Tremor']
| 10,857,003
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D27.720.777.300', 'D27.888.569.612.150', 'J01.637.870.900.200'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['C23.550.369'], ['A07.541'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D02.705'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['D02.705.429.750.750'], ['C10.597.350.850', 'C23.888.592.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella typhi in a public school in Madrid.
|
A typhoid fever outbreak affecting 54 school students occurred in a Public School of M?stoles, Madrid. The date of onset was 11 June 1991 and the last detected case was 8 July 1991. Salmonella typhi was cultured from blood and/or stool samples corresponding to 54 patients and one food-handler. There were no secondary cases detected. Epidemiological investigation suggested a salad or a custard as the common source. Patients and the food-handler were treated with ampicillin/amoxicillin for up to three weeks. There were seven relapses that were also treated with the same antibiotics with success. None were found to be excreting the organisms when tested after four months. All the Salmonella typhi isolated strains were phagetype 34, biotype Xylose +, Tetrationate Reductase + and harboured a similar 22 Mdal plasmid, they were also susceptible to the antibiotics tested.
|
['Adolescent', 'Amoxicillin', 'Ampicillin', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Carrier State', 'Child', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Food Handling', 'Food Microbiology', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Plasmids', 'Population Surveillance', 'Recurrence', 'Salmonella typhi', 'Schools', 'Spain', 'Students', 'Typhoid Fever', 'Urban Population', 'Xylose']
| 8,405,309
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['N06.850.520.169'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N06.850.290'], ['A12.459'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D08.811.682'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.750'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['M01.848'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821.873'], ['N01.600.900'], ['D09.947.875.627.867']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Interferon-gamma-dependent inhibition of late allergic airway responses and eosinophilia by CD8+ gammadelta T cells.
|
We have previously shown that CD8(+)gammadelta T cells decrease late allergic airway responses, airway eosinophilia, T helper 2 cytokine expression and increase interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression. We hypothesized that the effects of CD8(+)gammadelta T cells were IFN-gamma mediated. Brown Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin on day 1. Cervical lymph node CD8(+)gammadelta T cells from sensitized animals were treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (5 micromol/l) to inhibit IFN-gamma synthesis or control oligodeoxynucleotide and 3.5 x 10(4) CD8(+)gammadelta T cells were injected intraperitoneally into sensitized recipients on day 13. Rats were challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on day 15 and lung resistance was monitored over an 8 hr period, after which bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Control oligodeoxynucleotide treated gammadelta T cells decreased late airway responses and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage. There was a complete recovery of late airway responses and a partial recovery of airway eosinophilia in recipients of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treated cells. Macrophage ingestion of eosinophils was frequent in rats administered gammadeltaT cells but reduced in recipients of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treated cells. These results indicate that CD8(+)gammadelta T cells inhibit late airway responses and airway eosinophilia through the secretion of IFN-gamma. Defective or altered gammadelta T-cell function may account for some forms of allergic asthma.
|
['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'Antigens', 'Asthma', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cysteine', 'Eosinophil Major Basic Protein', 'Eosinophilia', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Leukotrienes', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Male', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense', 'Ovalbumin', 'Phagocytosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets']
| 17,848,163
|
[['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050', 'E05.478.550.520.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D12.776.124.486.379.500'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887', 'D23.469.050.175.450'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['D13.150.200.640', 'D13.150.480.640', 'D13.444.308.150.640', 'D13.444.600.150.200.640', 'D13.444.600.150.640.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480.640', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.200.640', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640.640'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.110', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.110'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.830'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transcutaneous electrical tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of fecal incontinence: a randomized trial (CONSORT 1a).
|
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to show that although transcutaneous electrical tibial nerve stimulation (TENS) is being increasingly used to treat fecal incontinence (FI), its efficacy has never been proved using controlled trials.METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 144 patients aged 30-82 years from nine centers were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham stimulations for 3 months. The primary end point was the response to treatment based on the number of incontinence and urgency episodes. Secondary end points were severity scores, quality of life scores, delay to postpone defecation, patient self-assessment of treatment efficacy, physician assessment of TENS efficacy, anorectal manometry, and adverse events.RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was seen between active and sham TENS in terms of an improvement in the median number of FI/urgency episodes per week. Thirty-four patients (47%) who received the active TENS treatment exhibited a >30% decrease in the FI severity score compared with 19 patients (27%) who received the sham treatment (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.1, P=0.02). No differences in delay to postpone defecation, patient self-assessment of treatment efficacy, or anorectal manometry were seen between the two groups. The evaluating physicians rated the active stimulations as more effective than the sham stimulations (P=0.01). One minor therapy-related adverse event was observed (1.5%) (see Supplementary Consort 1b).CONCLUSIONS: We failed to demonstrate any benefit of TENS on our primary end-point.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anal Canal', 'Defecation', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Fecal Incontinence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Rectum', 'Self Report', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tibial Nerve', 'Time Factors', 'Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,032,981
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['G10.261.165'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['C06.405.469.860.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E02.331.800', 'E02.779.468.800', 'E02.831.535.468.800', 'E03.091.823'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Action of beta-galactosidase on novel synthetic macromolecular substrates. A processive enzymic reaction controlled by coulombic interactions.
|
Macromolecular beta-galactosidase substrates were prepared by attaching o-nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside to carboxymethyldextran with positively charged linking groups. Almost all of the substituents were susceptible to enzymic hydrolysis by two distinct pathways. Under some conditions, there was random reaction to give a soluble product. In other conditions, in the initial stages of the reaction, most of the substituents of some, but not all, of the substrate polymers were hydrolyzed to give a product which precipitated as a second aqueous phase. Kinetics of hydrolysis were studied with respect to charge and molecular weight of both the enzyme and substrate. Factors that caused a decrease in Km favored formation of the second phase product. The reaction has similarities to the processive catalytic reactions found in naturally occurring enzyme systems with polymeric charged substrates.
|
['Dextrans', 'Galactosidases', 'Hydrolysis', 'Kinetics', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Weight', 'Nitrophenylgalactosides', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 2,410,029
|
[['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['D08.811.277.450.410'], ['G02.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05'], ['G02.494'], ['D09.408.320.550'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of interleukin-5- and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor-responsive genes in blood and airway eosinophils.
|
Because interleukin (IL)-5 family cytokines are critical regulators of eosinophil development, recruitment, and activation, this study was initiated to identify proteins induced by these cytokines in eosinophils. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, numerous transcripts were identified as responsive to both IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but no transcripts were markedly affected by one cytokine and not the other. Expression of several gene products were seen to be increased following in vitro stimulation of human blood eosinophils, including the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit, lymphotoxin beta, Pim-1, and cyclin D3. Given that eosinophils recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic patients after antigen challenge are exposed to IL-5 or GM-CSF in the airway prior to isolation, the hypothesis was tested that selected IL-5- and GM-CSF-responsive genes are upregulated in airway eosinophils relative to the expression in blood cells. Airway eosinophils displayed greater cell surface expression of the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit, CD44, CD25, and CD66e, suggesting that these proteins may be markers of eosinophil activation by IL-5 family cytokines in airway eosinophils. Other genes that were induced by both IL-5 and GM-CSF showed protein expression at similar or decreased levels in airway eosinophils relative to their circulating counterparts (i.e., lymphotoxin beta and CD24). These studies have identified several transcriptional targets of IL-5 and GM-CSF in human eosinophils and suggest that a number of protein products are critical to the responsiveness of airway eosinophils.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Eosinophils', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-5', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Respiratory System']
| 14,630,612
|
[['D23.101'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['A04']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[DNA from cells infected with herpes simplex virus and from human tumors as an inducer of synthesis of a new nonvirion antigen].
|
DNA from herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II)-infected cells isolated by using SDS, phenol, and pronase as well as by a new method of Pignatti et al. from triton X-100-NaCl-supernatant was shown to be capable to induce production of an early nonvirion (new) antigen in sensitive systems of Vero, RS-537 cells and others. It was also established that as a result of transfection of DNA recovered from 13 speciment of cancer tumors of the cervix and ovaries (9 tumors contained the new antigen and 4 were free from it), the new antigen associated with HSV-II was synthesized in 8 cases in the sensitive cells as early as 6 hours postinoculation whereas no viral antigens could be detected by this time. No viral antigens could be detected within 24 hours either, with the exception of 3 cases where CPE also developed by 24 hours indicating the appearance of the virus. DNA recovered from normal tissues of the cervix was incapable of inducing the new antigen.
|
['Antigens', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Simplexvirus', 'Transfection', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Virus Replication']
| 6,254,273
|
[['D23.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of niflumic acid on electromechanical coupling by tachykinin NK1 receptor activation in rabbit colon.
|
We have investigated the effect of the Cl- channel blocker, niflumic acid, on the contractile response and electromechanical coupling activated by stimulation of the tachykinin NK1 receptor in the longitudinal muscle of rabbit proximal colon, in the presence of indomethacin (5 microM). The application of submaximal equieffective concentrations of the tachykinin NK1 receptor-selective agonist [Sar9]substance P sulfone (30 nM), of carbachol (300 nM) and KCl (40 mM), produced distinct phasic and tonic components of contraction. Niflumic acid (10-100 microM) preferentially and markedly inhibited the tonic component of the response to [Sar9]substance P sulfone and to carbachol, without affecting the response to KCl. Nifedipine (1 microM) abolished the response to KCl and greatly reduced the response to [Sar9]substance P sulfone and carbachol. The nifedipine-resistant response to [Sar9]substance P sulfone was attenuated by niflumic acid (100 microM), while that to carbachol was unaffected. In sucrose gap experiments, superfusion with niflumic acid (100 microM), in the presence of nifedipine (3 microM), produced membrane hyperpolarization, which was totally blocked by tetraethylammonium (10 mM). Niflumic acid inhibited both depolarization and contraction induced by [Sar9]substance P sulfone, both in the absence or in the presence of tetraethylammonium. The present findings support the idea that a niflumic acid-sensitive mechanism, probably an effect on Cl- channels, takes part in the post-receptorial events activated by tachykinin NK1 receptor stimulation in the longitudinal muscle of rabbit colon, and suggest that this mechanism would be more important for generating the sustained tonic than the phasic component of contraction.
|
['Animals', 'Chloride Channels', 'Colon', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Nifedipine', 'Niflumic Acid', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1']
| 8,813,568
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.400.200.777', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.906.750.777', 'D03.066.515.550', 'D03.383.725.547.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predicting death and lost to follow-up among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: Derivation and external validation of a risk score in Haiti.
|
BACKGROUND: Over 18 million adults have initiated life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-poor settings; however, mortality and lost-to-follow-up rates continue to be high among patients in their first year after treatment start. Clinical decision tools are needed to identify patients at high risk for poor outcomes in order to provide individualized risk assessment and intervention. This study aimed to develop and externally validate risk prediction tools that estimate the probability of dying or of being lost to follow-up (LTF) during the year after starting ART.METHODS: We used a derivation cohort of 7,031 adults age 15-70 years initiating ART from 2007 to 2013 at 6 clinics in Haiti; 242 (3.5%) had documented death and 1,521 (21.6%) were LTF at 1 year after starting ART. The following routinely collected data were used as predictors in two logistic regression models (one to predict death and another to predict LTF): age, gender, weight, CD4 count, WHO Stage, and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The validation cohort consisted of 1,835 adults initiating ART at a different HIV clinic in Haiti during 2012. We assessed model discrimination by measuring the C-statistic, and measured model calibration by how closely the predicted probabilities approximated actual probabilities of the two outcomes. We derived a nomogram and a point-based risk score from the predictive models.FINDINGS: The model predicting death within the year after starting ART had a C-statistic of 0.75 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.81). There was no evidence for significant overfitting and the predictions were well calibrated. The strongest predictors of 1-year mortality were male gender, low weight, low CD4 count, advanced WHO stage, and the absence of TB. In the validation cohort, the C-statistic was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.77). A point-based risk score for death had a C-statistic 0.73 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.76) and categorizes patients as low risk (<2% risk of death), average risk (3-4%), and high-risk (8-10%) and very high-risk (14-19%) with likelihood ratios to be used in settings where the baseline risk is different from our study population. The model predicting LTF did not discriminate well (C-statistic 0.59).CONCLUSIONS: A simple risk-score using routinely collected data can predict 1-year mortality after ART initiation for HIV-positive adults in Haiti. However, predicting lost to follow-up using routinely collected data was not as successful. The next step is to assess whether use of this risk score can identify patients who need tailored services to reduce mortality in resource-poor settings such as Haiti.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Developing Countries', 'Drug Utilization', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Haiti', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 30,157,197
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['Z01.107.084.900.425', 'Z01.639.880.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Development of airborne oil thickness measurements.
|
A laboratory sensor has now been developed to measure the absolute thickness of oil on water slicks. This prototype oil slick thickness measurement system is known as the laser-ultrasonic remote sensing of oil thickness (LURSOT) sensor. This laser opto-acoustic sensor is the initial step in the ultimate goal of providing an airborne sensor with the ability to remotely measure oil-on-water slick thickness. The LURSOT sensor employs three lasers to produce and measure the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves in oil and hence provide a direct measurement of oil slick thickness. The successful application of this technology to the measurement of oil slick thickness will benefit the scientific community as a whole by providing information about the dynamics of oil slick spreading and the spill responder by providing a measurement of the effectiveness of spill countermeasures such as dispersant application and in situ burning. This paper will provide a review of early developments and discuss the current state-of-the-art in the field of oil slick thickness measurement.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Lasers', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Petroleum', 'Ultrasonics', 'Water Pollutants']
| 12,899,892
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['D20.345.630', 'N06.230.132.258.630'], ['H01.671.031.849'], ['D27.888.284.903']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Compliance and efficacy of standard antenatal care model].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the compliance of standard antenatal care (ANC) model with 12-13 visits currently used in Beijing region, and to assess the efficacy of this model in reducing adverse maternal and perinatal complication.METHODS: The clinical data of 544 women who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (West Section) from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2002 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Three areas were addressed in this paper: compliance of pregnant women with standard ANC model; association of maternal and perinatal complication with different number of ANC visits; effectiveness of screening for risk factors at the first ANC visit.RESULTS: A median of 8 ANC visits was made in 544 cases, of whom 22 cases (4.0%) never had ANC visit before delivery. The women were divided into three groups according to the status of residence and education levels: temporary residents in Beijing city (group A), permanent residents with middle or low education level (group B), and permanent residents with high education level (group C). The average number of ANC visits in group A was 4.55 +/- 3.1, which was much lower than in group B (8.71 +/- 2.2) and in group C (9.56 +/- 2.1) (P < 0.001). The mean duration of gestation at the first ANC visit in group A was (25.44 +/- 8.8) weeks much longer than (15.58 +/- 5.8) weeks in group B and (14.24 +/- 3.2) weeks in group C (P < 0.001). Among 544 cases, 93 (17.1%) had ANC visit for 0-3 times, 299 (55.0%) for 4-9 times and 152 (27.9%) for > or = 10 times. There was no statistical difference among varied number of ANC visits when the results were pooled for pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, vaginal bleeding at the second and third trimesters, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal macrosomia, premature rupture of membrane, and fetal distress (P > 0.05). An increase in the number of ANC visits was associated with the decreased rates of fetal growth restriction (P < 0.05) and premature delivery (P < 0.05), whereas it was paralleled with increased rates of anemia and cesarean section (P < 0.001). It was found that 35.6% of women who developed maternal and perinatal complications would be identified through screening for risk factors at the first ANC visit.CONCLUSIONS: Standard ANC model is currently not well complied. It has limited efficacy in reducing most maternal and perinatal complications. A more practical and effective ANC model for low educated women and temporary residents needs to be explored.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'China', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Patient Compliance', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prenatal Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,447,646
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Detoxification of genotoxic compounds as a threshold mechanism limiting their carcinogenicity.
|
In vitro metabolic trends were assessed for 100 genotoxic agents detected in two bacterial test systems, i.e., the Ames reversion test and a liquid DNA-repair test in Escherichia coli. Seventy-five compounds were found to undergo a more or less pronounced decrease of genotoxicity, in at least one of these models, in the presence of rat liver homogenates or in other metabolic systems (up to 40 different preparations, from various sources, for chromium compounds). A number of these deactivable compounds are reported in the literature to yield negative or equivocal results in animal carcinogenicity assays, which may imply the existence of metabolically regulated thresholds in the initiation of cancer. Several examples are provided to support this hypothesis. The in vitro treatment with a pharmacologic agent (N-acetylcysteine) enhanced detoxification mechanisms, either by stimulating enzyme activities promoting glutathione formation in liver homogenates or by reacting itself with direct-acting mutagens and with the genotoxic metabolites of procarcinogens.
|
['Aflatoxin B1', 'Aflatoxins', 'Animals', 'Biotransformation', 'Carcinogens', 'DNA Repair', 'Glutathione', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Liver', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Rats', 'Salmonella typhimurium']
| 6,442,795
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119.075', 'D03.633.100.150.119.075', 'D23.946.587.142.075'], ['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['E05.481'], ['G03.171.450', 'G03.787.225.450', 'G07.690.725.225.450'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of advanced esophageal cancer with no recurrence treated biweekly with postoperative docetaxel/nedaplatin combined chemotherapy after non-curative surgery].
|
We report a case of non-curatively resected esophageal cancer with no recurrence biweekly treated with postoperative docetaxel/nedaplatin combined chemotherapy. A 59-year-old woman underwent non-curative resection with esophagectomy for advanced esophageal cancer with direct invasion to the descending aorta in August, 2007. Postoperatively, she was treated biweekly with docetaxel/nedaplatin combined chemotherapy 32 times. In this period, there was no finding in the enhanced CTs, and clinically she was free from recurrence. The quality of life of this patient was also good. Thus, postoperative biweekly docetaxel/nedaplatin combined chemotherapy could be effective for advanced esophageal cancer after non-curative surgery and might be promising for long-term survival. This combined chemotherapy could be carried out on an outpatient basis, and the quality of life could also be preserved. More experience must be accumulated using this chemotherapy.
|
['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Docetaxel', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Remission Induction', 'Taxoids']
| 20,567,116
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D02.691.788'], ['E02.860'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
End-of-life expenditures by Ohio Medicaid beneficiaries dying of cancer.
|
We evaluate the extent to which the Ohio Medicaid Program serves as a safety net to terminally ill cancer patients, and the costs associated with providing care to this patient population. Over a 10-year period, Ohio Medicaid served nearly 45,000 beneficiaries dying of cancer, and spent more than $1 billion in medical care expenditures in their last year of life. Eighty percent of the expenditures were incurred by 67 percent of the decedents who had been enrolled in Medicaid for at least 1 year before death, implying an opportunity for the Medicaid Program to ensure timely transition to palliative care and hospice.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Medicaid', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Ohio', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Terminal Care']
| 17,427,846
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.760.905', 'N02.421.585.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Total serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and serum cholesterol in relation to secretor status and blood groups in myocardial infarction patients.
|
The relation of total serum alkaline phosphatase and serum cholesterol in convalescing patients of myocardial infarction with secretor status and blood groups have been studied. Serum cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels showed significant difference in secretors (98) and nonsecretors (56) in myocardial groups. Total cholesterol and total serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed significant difference in secretors when blood groups A and O are compared. While in nonsecretors, significant values obtained in A/O, A/B for cholesterol and A/B, A/AB for alkaline phosphatase levels.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Blood Group Antigens', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 2,744,802
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D23.050.301.290', 'D23.050.705.230'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular analysis of oral and respiratory bacterial species associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
|
Trauma intensive care unit (TICU) patients requiring mechanical respiratory support frequently develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Oral and oropharyngeal bacteria are believed to be responsible for many cases of VAP, but definitive evidence of this relationship is lacking. Earlier studies used conventional culture-based methods for identification of bacterial pathogens, but these methods are insufficient, as some bacteria may be uncultivable or difficult to grow. The purpose of this study was to use a culture-independent molecular approach to analyze and compare the bacterial species colonizing the oral cavity and the lungs of TICU patients who developed VAP. Bacterial samples were acquired from the dorsal tongue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 16 patients. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified, cloned into Escherichia coli, and sequenced. The sequencing data revealed the following: (i) a wide diversity of bacterial species in both the oral and pulmonary sites, some of them novel; (ii) known and putative respiratory pathogens colonizing both the oral cavity and lungs of 14 patients; and (iii) a number of bacterial pathogens (e.g., Dialister pneumosintes, Haemophilus segnis, Gemella morbillorum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in lung samples that had not been reported previously at this site when culture-based methods were used. Our data indicate that the dorsal surface of the tongue serves as a potential reservoir for bacterial species involved in VAP. Furthermore, it is clear that the diversity of bacterial pathogens for VAP is far more complex than the current literature suggests.
|
['Adult', 'Bacteria', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth', 'Phylogeny', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated', 'Respiratory System', 'Species Specificity', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 17,301,280
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B03'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['C01.248.250.500', 'C01.748.610.300.500', 'C08.381.677.300.500', 'C08.730.610.300.500', 'C23.550.291.875.500.500.500'], ['A04'], ['G16.824'], ['C26']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of the inhibition of protein synthesis on the Escherichia coli cell envelope.
|
The consequences for cell envelope integrity of Escherichia coli K-12 of the inhibition of protein synthesis by a variety of means have been examined. Protein synthesis was blocked by the antibiotics chloramphenicol and streptomycin, by amino acid starvation of an amino acid auxotroph, and by inactivation of temperature-sensitive aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase and ribosomal mutations. Closely similar morphological and physiological effects were found irrespective of the means by which protein synthesis was blocked. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a spectrum of changes after protein inhibition, with granular material derived from cells and spheroplasts commonly seen. Streptomycin caused additional changes manifested in a collapsed appearance of treated cells. Measurements of the release of lipopolysaccharide from the cell surface, alterations in outer membrane penetrability, and lysis of lysozyme-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated cultures also showed that the various inhibitory treatments all had similar effects on cell envelope properties. The close correspondence between the effects seen with antibiotic-treated cultures and those in which protein synthesis inhibition was achieved by use of mutants indicates that the effects of chloramphenicol and streptomycin on the cell envelope are indirect consequences of ribosomal block, rather than due to multiple sites of action of the antibiotics.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Escherichia coli', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors']
| 15,828,194
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D27.505.519.389.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrophysiological effects of phencyclidine and the sigma agonist ditolylguanidine in the cerebellum of the rat.
|
The electrophysiological actions of phencyclidine (PCP) and the sigma agonist 1,3-di(2tolyl)guanidine (DTG) were examined in the cerebellum of urethane-anesthetized rats. The object of the study was to determine if PCP and sigma agonists shared a common mechanism of action. The cerebellar Purkinje neuron was chosen because it has sigma receptors but not N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, where PCP has additional effects. Both DTG and PCP decreased the spontaneous discharge rate of cerebellar Purkinje neurons after parenteral administration. When the drugs were applied locally to single Purkinje neurons, using pressure ejection through multibarrel micropipettes, both compounds decreased the spontaneous activity of the neurons with equal potency. Previous studies have shown that the actions of PCP in the cerebellum are dependent upon an interaction with noradrenergic terminals from the nucleus locus coeruleus. A similar finding was made in this study for DTG. Elimination of the noradrenergic input by lesion with the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, diminished equally the effects of PCP and DTG. Treatment of the animals with haloperidol had similar effects. It is concluded that PCP and the sigma agonist DTG both act as indirect noradrenergic agonists in the cerebellum.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebellum', 'Electrophysiology', 'Guanidines', 'Haloperidol', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Oxidopamine', 'Phencyclidine', 'Purkinje Fibers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 1,311,809
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D02.078.370'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['D03.383.621.699'], ['A07.541.409.683'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-neovascular therapy by use of tumor neovasculature-targeted long-circulating liposome.
|
For the purpose of cancer anti-neovascular therapy (ANET), we previously isolated 5-mer peptide Ala-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly (APRPG) that specifically bound to the tumor angiogenic site and observed that APRPG-modified liposomes encapsulating adriamycin were effective for the suppression of tumor in tumor-bearing mice. Since polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification of liposomes endows them with a future of long circulation, we modified liposomes with PEG and APRPG-conjugated distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG-APRPG) and examined the applicability of the liposomes on ANET. Liposomes containing DSPE-PEG-APRPG not only specifically bound to vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, but also showed long-circulating characteristic and enhanced accumulation in tumor in vivo. Furthermore, adriamycin-encapsulated liposomes modified with APRPG-PEG caused more efficient tumor growth suppression than adriamycin-encapsulated liposomes modified with PEG alone in Colon 26 NL-17 carcinoma-bearing mice, despite not so much different accumulation of both liposomes in the tumor. These data suggest that tumor neovasculature-targeted long-circulating liposomes encapsulating anti-cancer drugs effectively eradicate cancerous cells through damaging of angiogenic endothelial cells. ANET promises no drug resistance and is expected to be effective against essentially any kind of solid tumors. The present results demonstrate the beneficial usage of APRPG-PEG for the active-targeting of drug carriers to angiogenic site in the novel modality of tumor treatment, namely ANET.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Carriers', 'Humans', 'Liposomes', 'Mice', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 15,491,809
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of neonatal orchiopexy upon the testis in persistent M?llerian duct syndrome.
|
We report on a patient with persistent m?llerian duct syndrome and normal external genitalia who had embryonal cancer of the testis 16 years after neonatal bilateral orchiopexy. In previous cases the testes of these patients have not been considered predisposed to form tumors. However, the occurrence of a testis tumor has been reported in 8 patients with this syndrome. The specific factors resulting in tumor formation in such patients are uncertain. Until they are clarified we suggest that these patients should be observed carefully for the possible development of testis tumor.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Cryptorchidism', 'Disorders of Sex Development', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Karyotyping', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mullerian Ducts', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'Testis']
| 6,113,287
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C12.294.829.258', 'C12.706.258', 'C16.131.939.258', 'C19.391.829.258'], ['C12.706.316', 'C13.351.875.253', 'C16.131.939.316', 'C19.391.119'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A16.623'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Utilization management affects health care practices at Walter Reed Army Medical Center: analytical methods applied to decrease length of stay and assign appropriate level of care.
|
The Department of Defense has embraced utilization management (UM) as an important tool to control and possibly decrease medical costs. Budgetary withholds have been taken by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) to encourage the military services to implement UM programs. In response, Walter Reed Army Medical Center implemented a UM program along with other initiatives to effect changes in the delivery of inpatient care. This paper describes this UM program and other organizational initiatives, such as the introduction of new levels of care in an attempt to effect reductions in length of stay and unnecessary admissions. We demonstrate the use of a diversity of databases and analytical methods to quantify improved utilization and management of resources. The initiatives described significantly reduced hospital length of stay and inappropriate inpatient days. Without solid command and clinical leadership support and empowerment of the professional staffs, these significant changes and improvements could not have occurred.
|
['Databases, Factual', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'District of Columbia', 'Hospitals, Military', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'United States', 'Utilization Review']
| 10,628,158
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.210', 'Z01.433.429'], ['N02.278.421.510.180.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of repeated cocaine injections on cochlear function.
|
The effects of repeated cocaine administration on cochlear function were evaluated by measuring amplitude-intensity and latency-intensity functions of the whole-nerve action potential of the auditory nerve. Whole-nerve action potential input/output functions obtained using tone-pips of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz in a group of cocaine-treated subjects were compared with those obtained in saline-treated animals. All measurements were made 24 h after the last treatment. Amplitudes of whole-nerve action potentials were enhanced in the cocaine-treated animals compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in latency-intensity functions were seen after cocaine treatment. The effect of chronic cocaine exposure also was examined on catecholamine innervation in the cochlea using immunohistochemical techniques. The density of adrenergic innervation was reduced in the cocaine-treated animals.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adrenergic Fibers', 'Animals', 'Chinchilla', 'Cocaine', 'Cochlea', 'Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ketamine', 'Norepinephrine', 'Organ of Corti', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 7,704,608
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['A08.675.100.500', 'A08.675.542.075', 'A11.671.501.075'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.328'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.292'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A09.246.300.246.577'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapidly evolving genes of Drosophila: differing levels of selective pressure in testis, ovary, and head tissues between sibling species.
|
Investigations of rapidly evolving sex- and reproduction-related genes are expected to reveal important information about the process of speciation and species divergence. We screened testis, ovary, and head tissues to identify and characterize rapidly evolving genes (REGs) between closely related species. The results show differential patterns of evolution of genes expressed in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. (1) There is a differential distribution of REGs in the Drosophila genome, with most REGs localized in the testis, followed by ovary, and then head. (2) Sequence analysis indicates that differential selective pressures are driving the rapid evolution of genes expressed in sex and nonsex tissues. Testis REGs from our data, on average, yielded higher rates of nonsynonymous substitutions relative to transcripts in ovary and head, indicating stronger selective pressures on the male reproductive system. (3) We identified REGs in the testis, ovary, as well as in head tissue that show evidence of evolving under positive selection. Identification of rapidly evolving sex genes is important for detailed investigations of cryptic female choice, sexual conflict, and faster male evolution and is pertinent to our understanding of the process of species divergence and speciation.
|
['Animals', 'Body Patterning', 'Drosophila', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Library', 'Head', 'Male', 'Ovary', 'Phylogeny', 'Reproduction', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Species Specificity', 'Testis']
| 15,917,496
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.100'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.325'], ['A01.456'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G05.783'], ['G16.824'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Provider Experiences with Prison Care and Aftercare for Women with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: Treatment, Resource, and Systems Integration Challenges.
|
Incarcerated women with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders (COD) face complex psychosocial challenges at community reentry. This study used qualitative methods to evaluate the perspectives of 14 prison and aftercare providers about service delivery challenges and treatment needs of reentering women with COD. Providers viewed the needs of women prisoners with COD as distinct from those of women with substance use alone and from men with COD. Providers described optimal aftercare for women with COD as including contact with the same provider before and after release, access to services within 24-72 hours after release, assistance with managing multiple social service agencies, assistance with relationship issues, and long-term follow-up. Providers also described larger service system and societal issues, including systems integration and ways in which a lack of prison and community aftercare resources impacted quality of care and reentry outcomes. Practice and policy implications are provided.
|
['Adult', 'Aftercare', 'Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)', 'Female', 'Health Resources', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health', 'Prisoners', 'Prisons', 'Social Adjustment', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 24,595,815
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.169.063', 'N02.421.585.169.063', 'N04.590.233.727.210.063'], ['E01.190'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['M01.729'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['F01.145.813.621'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Indications and concepts for plastic surgery therapy in chronic varicose ulcer].
|
In the treatment of extensive leg ulcers, surgical therapy is superior to conservative methods in many respects. Radical resection of sclerotic tissue around the ulcer and its causing veins is essential, followed by defect cover with mesh-skin grafts. Surgery leads to prompt healing with a shortened hospitalization and therefore decreases costs; it leads to a prompt relief of pain and a low rate of recurrence. Especially in the aged patient the indication for operation must be well-considered and discussed interdisciplinarily. Even though operative technique seems to be simple, it should be reserved for the plastic surgeon experienced in the treatment of these lesions.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bandages', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Varicose Ulcer', 'Wound Healing']
| 8,647,536
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['E07.858.708'], ['C14.907.927.730', 'C17.800.893.592.730'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quality, efficiency and integrity: value squeezes in management of hospital wards.
|
AIM: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the value squeezes experienced by ward managers in connection with quality management in hospital wards. The study focused on integrity pressure and coping strategies to deal with such pressure.BACKGROUND: Nurses in the role of ward managers have a key function in the field of quality improvement. These managers are also responsible for the efficient running of their wards and thus face tensions between demands for both quality and efficiency.METHOD: Data were collected through interviews conducted with 10 ward managers from six Norwegian hospitals. The data were analysed using both content and template analysis.RESULTS: Ward managers felt squeezed between conflicting values associated with demands for both quality and efficiency. These tensions resulted in pressure on integrity for the managers as well as their nursing colleagues. Three different management strategies were used to cope with such pressure: quality conscious, efficiency adjusting and hybrid.CONCLUSION: A hybrid strategy appeared to be the best, both for the ward managers and the hospital organisations, despite the fragmentation associated with this strategy.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Hybrid management may be beneficial for coping with pressure on integrity, although more empirical research is needed.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Efficiency', 'Humans', 'Norway', 'Nurse Administrators', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality Improvement', 'Quality of Health Care']
| 23,859,046
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F02.784.692.351', 'N04.452.209'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['M01.526.070.670', 'M01.526.485.650.580', 'N02.360.650.580'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Differential ability of exogenous chemotactic agents to disrupt transendothelial migration of flowing neutrophils.
|
Neutrophils migrate through endothelium using an ordered sequence of adhesive interactions and activating signals. To investigate the consequences of disruption of this sequence, we characterized adhesion and migration of neutrophils perfused over HUVEC that had been treated with TNF-alpha for 4 h and evaluated changes caused by exogenously added chemotactic agents. When HUVEC were treated with 2 U/ml TNF, flowing neutrophils adhered, with the majority rolling and relatively few migrating through the monolayer. If fMLP, IL-8, zymosan-activated plasma (a source of activated complement factor C5a), epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), or growth-regulating oncogene, GRO-alpha, was perfused over these neutrophils, they stopped rolling and rapidly migrated over the monolayer, but did not penetrate it. When HUVEC were treated with 100 U/ml TNF, the majority of adherent neutrophils transmigrated. If neutrophils were treated with fMLP, IL-8, C5a, ENA-78, or GRO-alpha just before perfusion over this HUVEC, transmigration, but not adhesion, was abolished. However, when platelet-activating factor was used to activate neutrophils, migration through HUVEC treated with 100 U/ml TNF was not impaired, and migration through HUVEC treated with 2 U/ml TNF was actually increased. Transmigration required ligation of CXC chemokine receptor-2 on neutrophils, and differential desensitization of this receptor (e.g., by fMLP but not platelet-activating factor) may explain the pattern of disruption of migration. Thus, transmigration may require presentation of the correct activators in the correct sequence, and inappropriate activation (e.g., by systemic activators) could cause pathological accumulation of neutrophils in the vessel lumen.
|
['Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Migration Inhibition', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CXCL1', 'Chemokine CXCL5', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Chemotactic Factors', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Complement C5a', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Growth Substances', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Interleukin-8', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Neutrophil Activation', 'Neutrophils', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Receptors, Chemokine', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Receptors, Interleukin-8B', 'Umbilical Veins']
| 10,820,279
|
[['G04.022'], ['G04.198.337'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.049', 'D23.125.300.120.050', 'D23.469.200.120.050', 'D23.529.374.200.120.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.250', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.250', 'D23.125.300.120.250', 'D23.469.200.120.250', 'D23.529.374.200.120.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120', 'D23.125.300.120', 'D23.469.200.120', 'D23.529.374.200.120'], ['D23.125'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.270', 'D12.776.124.486.274.450.250'], ['G12.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['G12.604'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.750.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.750.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.421.750'], ['A07.015.908.670.874', 'A16.378.693.807']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diabetes knowledge--are patients getting the message?
|
Diabetes knowledge in a multi-ethnic population was assessed in 161 insulin treated diabetic patients using a 21-point multiple choice questionnaire translated into the appropriate languages. Our data showed a significant difference in diabetes knowledge related to ethnicity, being less in Asians and Afro-Caribbeans groups compared to Caucasians. In all groups there was a negative correlation with age, with older adults achieving lower scores. Gender and duration of disease did not appear to influence knowledge scores. This information has implications for the way in which we deliver our diabetes educational programme to ethnic minority groups and the elderly.
|
['Adult', 'Africa', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Asia', 'Attitude to Health', 'Caribbean Region', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Educational Status', 'Ethnic Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 11,198,733
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['Z01.252'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.107.084'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['N01.824.196'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductases of mannitol metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus: biochemical characterization and pH studies of mannitol 2-dehydrogenase and mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase.
|
Functional genomics data suggests that the metabolism of mannitol in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus involves the action of two polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (M1PDH) and mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (M2DH). The gene encoding the putative M2DH was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant protein was characterized biochemically. The predicted enzymatic function of a NAD(+)-dependent M2DH was confirmed. The enzyme is a monomer of 58kDa in solution and does not require metals for activity. pH profiles for M2DH and the previously isolated M1PDH were recorded in the pH range 6.0-10.0 for the oxidative and reductive direction of the reactions under conditions where substrate was limiting (k(cat)/K) or saturating (k(cat)). The pH-dependence of logk(cat) was usually different from that of log(k(cat)/K), suggesting that more than one step of the enzymatic mechanism was affected by changes in pH. The greater complexity of the pH profiles of log(k(cat)/K) for the fungal enzymes as compared to the analogous pH profiles for M2DH from Pseudomonas fluorescens may reflect sequence changes in vicinity of the conserved catalytic lysine.
|
['Alanine', 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'DNA Primers', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Lysine', 'Mannitol', 'Mannitol Dehydrogenases', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Polymers', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases']
| 18,983,992
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['B01.300.381.081.295'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.700.649'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Artificial Lysosomal Platform to Study Nanoparticle Long-term Stability.
|
Nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique properties useful for designing specific functionalities for biomedi- cal applications. A prerequisite of a safe-by-design and effective use in any biomedical application is to study NP-cell interactions to gain a better understanding of cellular consequences upon exposure. Cellular uptake of NPs results mainly in the localization of NPs in the complex environment of lysosomes, a compartment which can be mimicked by artificial lysosomal fluid. In this work we showed the applicability of lysosomal fluid as a platform for a fast assessment of gold, iron oxide and silica NP stability over 24 h in a relevant biological fluid, by using multiple analytical methods.
|
['Gold', 'Lysosomes', 'Nanoparticles', 'Silicon Dioxide']
| 30,813,999
|
[['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone after intravenous and intramuscular administration in pigs.
|
The pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone (DEX) were investigated after an intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) bolus injection of 0.3mg/kg bodyweight DEX sodium phosphate in pigs. The plasma concentrations of DEX were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and the pharmacokinetics were determined by one-compartmental analysis. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the mean elimination half-life were 133.07 ± 39.59 ng.h/mL and 0.77 h, and 173.24 ± 53.59 ngh/mL and 1.06 h following IV and IM administration, respectively. The volume of distribution and clearance recorded after IV administration were 2.78 ± 0.88 L/kg and 2.39 ± 0.57 L/hkg, respectively. An IM bolus injection of DEX sodium phosphate in pigs resulted in a fast and complete absorption, with a mean maximal plasma concentration of 80.94 ± 21.29 ng/mL at 0.35 ± 0.21 h and a high absolute bioavailability of 131.06 ± 26.05%.
|
['Animals', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biological Availability', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Sus scrofa', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 23,876,308
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Age as a determinant of nutritional status: a cross sectional study.
|
BACKGROUND: Undenutrition is known to be prevalent and largely unrecognised in older patients; however, aberrations in indicators of nutritional status may simply reflect effects of age and/or functional disability.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the effect, if any of age on nutritional status in older patients.DESIGN: 445 randomly selected hospitalised patients consented to nutritional status assessment derived from anthropometric, haematological, and biochemical data within 72 hours of admission. Nutritional status was compared between those age < 75 years and those aged 75 years or more. Using multiple regression models, we measured the association between age and nutritional assessment variables after adjusting for disability, chronic illness, medications, smoking and tissue inflammation.RESULTS: Body weight, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, haemoglobin, serum albumin and plasma ascorbic acid were all significantly lower in people aged > or = 75 years compared with those < 75 years of age. Although riboflavin (vitamin B2), 25OH VitD3, red-cell folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were lower in those aged > or = 75 years, differences were not statistically significant. After adjusting for disability and co-morbidity in a multivariate analysis, age alone had a significant and independent effect on important anthropometric and biochemical nutritional assessment variables.CONCLUSION: Increasing age is independently associated with poor nutritional status. This may partly explain the poor clinical outcome in older patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anthropometry', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Calcifediol', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Erythrocytes', 'Folic Acid', 'Health Status', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Nutritional Status', 'Regression Analysis', 'Riboflavin', 'Serum Albumin', 'Vitamin B 12']
| 16,253,135
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.585', 'N05.715.360.300.560', 'N06.850.505.557', 'N06.850.520.308.585'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hypotonicity causes actin reorganization and recruitment of the actin-binding ERM protein moesin in membrane protrusions in collecting duct principal cells.
|
Hypotonicity-induced cell swelling is characterized by a modification in cell architecture associated with actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins are important signal transducers during actin reorganization regulated by the monomeric G proteins of the Rho family. We report here that in collecting duct CD8 cells hypotonicity-induced cell swelling resulted in deep actin reorganization, consisting of loss of stress fibers and formation of F-actin patches in membrane protrusions where the ERM protein moesin was recruited. Cell swelling increased the interaction between actin and moesin and induced the transition of moesin from an oligomeric to a monomeric functional conformation, characterized by both the COOH- and NH(2)-terminal domains being exposed. In this conformation, which is stabilized by phosphorylation of a conserved threonine in the COOH-terminal domain by PKC or Rho kinase, moesin can bind interacting proteins. Interestingly, hypotonic stress increased the amount of threonine-phosphorylated moesin, which was prevented by the PKC-alpha inhibitor G?-6976 (50 nM). In contrast, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (1 microM) did not affect the hypotonicity-induced increase in phosphorylated moesin. The present data represent the first evidence that hypotonicity-induced actin remodeling is associated with phosphorylated moesin recruitment at the cell border and interaction with actin.
|
['Actins', 'Amides', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Carbazoles', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Size', 'Cell Surface Extensions', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Hypotonic Solutions', 'Indoles', 'Kidney Tubules, Collecting', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Kinase C-alpha', 'Pyridines', 'Rabbits', 'Stress Fibers']
| 17,428,844
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D02.065'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.284.180'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D26.776.399'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.510'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725.100'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Novel ATPase of SNF2-like protein family interacts with androgen receptor and modulates androgen-dependent transcription.
|
Nuclear receptors, including the androgen receptor (AR), regulate target cell transcription through interaction with auxiliary proteins to modify chromatin structure. We describe herein a novel AR-interacting protein, termed ARIP4, that has structural features typical of the SNF2-like protein family. With regard to the Snf2 domain, the closest homolog of ARIP4 is the ATRX protein. ARIP4 is a nuclear protein and comprises 1466 amino acids. It interacts with AR in vitro and in cultured yeast and mammalian cells. ARIP4 can be labeled with 8-azido-[gamma-32P]ATP and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Like several ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins, ARIP4 generates superhelical torsion within linear DNA fragments in an ATP-dependent manner. With a stably integrated target promoter, ARIP4 elicits a modest enhancement of AR-dependent transactivation. In transient cotransfection assays, ARIP4 modulates AR function in a promoter-dependent manner; it enhances receptor activity on minimal promoters, but does not activate more complex promoters. ARIP4 mutants devoid of ATPase activity fail to alter DNA topology and behave as trans-dominant negative regulators of AR function in transient assays.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'COS Cells', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Insecta', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 12,058,073
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Uptake of adriamycin into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a pH gradient.
|
Previous work has shown that adriamycin can be accumulated into large unilamellar vesicle (LUV) systems in response to K+ diffusion potential established by valinomycin. It is demonstrated here that adriamycin can also be rapidly and efficiently accumulated into egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and egg PC-cholesterol (1:1) LUVs in response to a transmembrane pH gradient (interior acidic) in the absence of ionophores. This 'active' loading gives rise to trapping efficiencies as high as 98%, interior drug concentrations as high as 100 mM and significantly enhances drug retention within the vesicles. This procedure may be of general utility for loading liposomal systems for in vivo drug delivery.
|
['Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone', 'Cholesterol', 'Doxorubicin', 'Egg Yolk', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Liposomes', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Potassium']
| 3,964,703
|
[['D02.442.288.200', 'D02.626.260'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['A16.690.325', 'G07.203.300.470.800', 'J02.500.470.800'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Light absorption of organic carbon emitted from burning wood, charcoal, and kerosene in household cookstoves.
|
Household cookstove emissions are an important source of carbonaceous aerosols globally. The light-absorbing organic carbon (OC), also termed brown carbon (BrC), from cookstove emissions can impact the Earth's radiative balance, but is rarely investigated. In this work, PM2.5 filter samples were collected during combustion experiments with red oak wood, charcoal, and kerosene in a variety of cookstoves mainly at two water boiling test phases (cold start CS, hot start HS). Samples were extracted in methanol and extracts were examined using spectrophotometry. The mass absorption coefficients (MACë, m2 g-1) at five wavelengths (365, 400, 450, 500, and 550 nm) were mostly inter-correlated and were used as a measurement proxy for BrC. The MAC365 for red oak combustion during the CS phase correlated strongly to the elemental carbon (EC)/OC mass ratio, indicating a dependency of BrC absorption on burn conditions. The emissions from cookstoves burning red oak have an average MACë 2-6 times greater than those burning charcoal and kerosene, and around 3-4 times greater than that from biomass burning measured in previous studies. These results suggest that residential cookstove emissions could contribute largely to ambient BrC, and the simulation of BrC radiative forcing in climate models for biofuel combustion in cookstoves should be treated specifically and separated from open biomass burning.
|
['Absorption, Physicochemical', 'Aerosols', 'Air Pollutants', 'Biofuels', 'Biomass', 'Carbon', 'Charcoal', 'Climate', 'Kerosene', 'Light', 'Models, Chemical', 'Particulate Matter', 'Water', 'Wood']
| 29,729,570
|
[['G01.015.249', 'G02.010.500'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['D20.345.630.600', 'N06.230.132.258.630.600'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D20.633'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study.
|
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between obesity and grip strength, a key indicator of sarcopenia, has been inconsistently reported. We aimed to examine associations between grip strength and both body mass index (BMI), a clinical indicator of total adiposity, and waist circumference (WC), an indicator of central adiposity.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data collected from 8,441 men and women, aged 48-92 years old, who attended the third health examination of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study was used.MEASUREMENTS: Maximum grip strength (Smedley dynamometer), BMI (weight/height2) and WC (measured at the natural waist) were ascertained at a research clinic. The associations between grip strength and adiposity measures were explored using linear regression with adjustment for age, height, social class, physical activity, prevalent disease, smoking status and alcohol intake.RESULTS: Men and women were examined separately and those in the upper quartile of BMI were 2.70kg (95%CI 2.07, 3.33) and 1.46kg (95%CI 1.05, 1.86) stronger respectively than those in the bottom quartile (P trends <0.001). Grip strength also increased weakly with increasing WC. However, including both BMI and WC in the same regression model revealed an inverse association between grip strength and WC, whilst the previously observed association with BMI strengthened. For every 10cm increase in WC, grip strength was 3.56kg (95%CI 3.04, 4.08) lower in men and 1.00kg (95%CI 0.74, 1.24) lower in women.CONCLUSIONS: Larger overall body mass, indicated by higher BMI, is associated with stronger grip strength but high WC, a clinical indicator of central obesity, is associated with lower grip strength. Abdominal fat is the most metabolically active adipose tissue and this provides a clue to potential mechanisms underlying relationships between fat and skeletal muscle. Additionally, it reinforces the recommendation to measure WC in clinical practice, especially when BMI is below obese ranges.
|
['Abdominal Fat', 'Adiposity', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Strength', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Obesity', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sarcopenia', 'United Kingdom', 'Waist Circumference']
| 25,560,810
|
[['A10.165.114.830.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C18.654.726.500.615', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.249', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C10.597.613.612.500', 'C23.300.070.500.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612.500'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enhancing ascorbate in fruits and tubers through over-expression of the L-galactose pathway gene GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase.
|
Ascorbate, or vitamin C, is obtained by humans mostly from plant sources. Various approaches have been made to increase ascorbate in plants by transgenic means. Most of these attempts have involved leaf material from model plants, with little success reported using genes from the generally accepted l-galactose pathway of ascorbate biosynthesis. We focused on increasing ascorbate in commercially significant edible plant organs using a gene, GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP or VTC2), that we had previously shown to increase ascorbate concentration in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. The coding sequence of Actinidia chinensis GGP, under the control of the 35S promoter, was expressed in tomato and strawberry. Potato was transformed with potato or Arabidopsis GGP genes under the control of the 35S promoter or a polyubiquitin promoter (potato only). Five lines of tomato, up to nine lines of potato, and eight lines of strawberry were regenerated for each construct. Three lines of tomato had a threefold to sixfold increase in fruit ascorbate, and all lines of strawberry showed a twofold increase. All but one line of each potato construct also showed an increase in tuber ascorbate of up to threefold. Interestingly, in tomato fruit, increased ascorbate was associated with loss of seed and the jelly of locular tissue surrounding the seed which was not seen in strawberry. In both strawberry and tomato, an increase in polyphenolic content was associated with increased ascorbate. These results show that GGP can be used to raise significantly ascorbate concentration in commercially significant edible crops.
|
['Actinidia', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Fragaria', 'Fruit', 'Galactose', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Guanosine Diphosphate', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Organ Size', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Tubers', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Solanum tuberosum']
| 22,129,455
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.500.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.266'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D09.947.875.359.377'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340', 'D13.695.667.454.340', 'D13.695.827.426.340'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.400.625'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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