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Activity of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric flavonoids on NO production, TNF-alpha secretion, and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
|
Flavonoids are potent antioxidants and have been associated with lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effect of flavonoids (monomers, dimers and a trimer) as well as French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol, on NO production, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity was compared. Monomers and dimers repressed NO production, TNF-alpha secretion and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression induced by interferon gamma, whereas the trimeric procyanidin C2 and Pycnogenol enhanced these parameters. In addition, in unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, both procyanidin C2 and Pycnogenol increased TNF-alpha secretion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that procyanidins act as modulators of the immune response in macrophages.
|
['Animals', 'Biopolymers', 'Cell Line', 'Flavonoids', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 10,631,311
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078', 'D25.720.099', 'J01.637.051.720.099'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Molecular cloning and expression of a Bacillus subtilis beta-glucanase gene in Escherichia coli.
|
A Bacillus subtilis gene coding for an endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase has been transferred to Escherichia coli by molecular cloning using bacteriophage lambda and plasmid vectors. The gene is contained within a 1.6-kb EcoRI-PvuI DNA fragment and directs the synthesis in E. coli of a beta-glucanase which specifically degrades barley glucan and lichenan. A novel dye-staining method has been developed to detect beta-glucanase activity in colonies on agar plates.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacteriophage lambda', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'Plasmids']
| 6,311,687
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['B04.123.150.800.230', 'B04.123.205.230', 'B04.280.090.800.230'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['G05.360.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Teaching target-oriented and diversity-oriented organic synthesis at Harvard University.
|
Diversity-oriented synthesis presents many formidable challenges to the practitioners of synthetic organic chemistry. Those challenges include the effective teaching of this new and evolving discipline to ensure that students are well positioned to begin exploring its full potential. Fortunately, the teaching of synthetic organic chemistry has a rich history in the context of target-oriented synthesis, and this precedent can serve as a strong foundation for meeting the challenges of teaching diversity-oriented synthesis.
|
['Alkylation', 'Chemistry, Organic', 'Curriculum', 'Drug Design', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Teaching', 'Universities']
| 12,031,659
|
[['G02.111.035', 'G02.607.094', 'G03.059'], ['H01.181.404'], ['I02.158'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02'], ['I02.903'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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A colourimetric, microplate assay for the leucotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica.
|
Culture supernates of Pasteurella haemolytica, which contain leucotoxin, inhibited the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) by bovine and ovine but not rabbit leucocytes in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Culture supernates of P. multocida, which contain no leucotoxin, had no inhibitory effect on the response of leucocytes from any species. The inhibition of NBT reduction was assessed visually or spectrophotometrically in the wells of microplates and used as a simple assay for leucotoxin. It was as sensitive as the trypan blue dye-exclusion method and did not require the use of radioisotopes. In addition, sera from P. haemolytica-infected calves inhibited leucotoxin activity in the microplate assay. Thus, inhibition of NBT reduction after stimulation of ruminant leucocytes with PMA can be used as a simple, specific assay for leucotoxin and for anti-leucotoxin antibodies.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colorimetry', 'Cytotoxins', 'Exotoxins', 'Leukocytes', 'Nitroblue Tetrazolium', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pasteurella', 'Sheep', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 2,363,244
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D27.888.569.213'], ['D23.946.350'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D03.383.129.617.700.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B03.440.450.600.600', 'B03.660.250.550.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antileishmanial and antifungal activity of plants used in traditional medicine in Brazil.
|
The antileishmanial and antifungal activity of 24 methanol extracts from 20 plants, all of them used in the Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of several infectious and inflammatory disorders, were evaluated against promastigotes forms of two species of Leishmania (L. amazonensis and L. chagasi) and two yeasts (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Among the 20 tested methanolic extracts, those of Vernonia polyanthes was the most active against L. amazonensis (IC(50) of 4 microg/ml), those of Ocimum gratissimum exhibited the best activity against L. chagasi (IC(50) of 71 microg/ml). Concerning antifungical activity, Schinus terebintifolius, O. gratissimum, Cajanus cajan, and Piper aduncum extracts were the most active against C. albicans (MIC of 1.25 mg/ml) whereas Bixa orellana, O. gratissimum and Syzygium cumini exhibited the best activity against C. neoformans (MIC of 0.078 mg/ml).
|
['Anacardiaceae', 'Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Bixaceae', 'Brazil', 'Cajanus', 'Candida albicans', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Leishmania', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Ocimum', 'Piper', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Syzygium', 'Vernonia']
| 17,234,373
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.044'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.146'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.094'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['B01.268.475.868.488'], ['E02.190.488', 'I01.076.201.450.654'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.647'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.812.666'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.773.900'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Influence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 coinfection on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection.
|
BACKGROUND: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may worsen the clinical course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HTLV-1 coinfection influences the clinical characteristics of patients with HCV infection.METHODS: This retrospective study included 523 consecutive patients from January 2001 to December 2010 with chronic liver disease due to HCV infection, in whom serum anti-HTLV-1 antibodies were examined. Among these patients, 265 were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).RESULTS: The seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies was significantly higher in patients with HCC (21.1%) than those without HCC (10.5%, P = 0.001). This significant difference was observed in female patients (29.5 vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001), but not in male patients (16.5 vs. 12.9%, P = 0.501). In multivariate analysis, anti-HTLV-1 antibody positivity was independently associated with HCC in female patients [odds ratio (OR), 5.029; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.760-14.369; P = 0.003], in addition to age (?65 years; OR, 10.297; 95% CI, 4.322-24.533; P < 0.001), platelet count (<15 ? 10(4)/ìL; OR, 2.715; 95% CI, 1.050-7.017; P = 0.039), total bilirubin (?1 mg/dL; OR, 3.155; 95% CI, 1.365-7.292; P = 0.007), and total cholesterol (?160 mg/dL; OR, 2.916; 95% CI, 1.341-6.342; P = 0.007). In contrast, HTLV-1 coinfection was not associated with HCC in male patients, although age, alcohol consumption, platelet count, and albumin were independently associated with HCC.CONCLUSIONS: HTLV-1 coinfection may contribute to the development of HCC in patients with chronic HCV infection, especially in females.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Coinfection', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'HTLV-I Antibodies', 'HTLV-I Infections', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors']
| 24,463,696
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['C01.218'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.150.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.150.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.500'], ['C01.925.782.815.200.470', 'C20.673.483.470'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Evidence for recombination in natural populations of dengue virus type 1 based on the analysis of complete genome sequences.
|
Recombination events are known to occur in non-segmented RNA viruses like polioviruses or alphaviruses. Analysis of the subgenomic sequences of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) structural genes has recently allowed the identification of possible recombination breakpoints. Because DENV is a major human pathogen, this discovery might have important implications for virus pathogenicity, vaccine safety and efficiency, or diagnosis and, therefore, requires clear confirmation. We report the complete sequence determination of one Asian and two African strains of DENV-1 isolated from human patients. Rigorous sequence analysis provided strong evidence for the occurrence of intragenomic recombination events between DENV-1 strains belonging to different lineages. Singapore S275/90 strain appears to be the evolutionary product of a recombination event between viruses belonging to two distinct lineages: one lineage includes an African strain isolated in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) and the other includes isolates from Djibouti and Cambodia. The 'Recombination Detection Program', bootscanning and analysis of diversity plots provided congruent results concerning the existence of a two-switch recombination event and the localization of recombination breakpoints. Thus, the 5' and 3' genomic ends of the Singapore S275/90 strain were inherited from a Djibouti/Cambodia lineage ancestor and an internal fragment located in the envelope/NS1 region originated from an Abidjan lineage ancestor.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cambodia', "Cote d'Ivoire", 'DNA, Complementary', 'Dengue Virus', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genome, Viral', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Viral', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Singapore', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 11,369,871
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['Z01.252.145.182'], ['Z01.058.290.190.272'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G05.728'], ['E05.393.751'], ['Z01.252.145.774'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Cord blood leucocyte expression of functionally significant molecules involved in the regulation of cellular immunity.
|
The cellular immune system of the newborn infant is immature and hypo-responsive when compared with adults. The extent to which immaturity of the leucocyte function underlies hyporesponsiveness in the newborn is incompletely understood. In this study flow cytometric techniques were applied to investigate the concurrent expression of a range of surface and intracellular leucocyte functional molecules and cytokines in resting and stimulated cord and adult blood. Production of interleukin (IL)-2 and expression of the components of its receptor, IL-2R alpha/beta/gamma, were investigated. No differences in the proportion of leucocytes producing IL-2R alpha and IL-2R gamma were observed for newborns and adults. A lower proportion of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells from newborns expressed IL-2R beta and upregulation of expression was slower. We hypothesize that reduced IL-2R beta may curtail early autocrine IL-2 activation of immune responses in the newborn. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that an increased proportion of stimulated T cells from newborns produced IL-2 at 4 h poststimulation, but at 24 h the proportion was lower than for adult T cells. The very low levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma produced by neonatal T cells and NK cells may also be partly explained by a curtailment of early autocrine activation of T cells. Expression and kinetics of upregulation for other functional molecules were studied. CD71, HLA-DR, tissue factor and CD152 levels were not significantly different for adults and newborns, suggesting that cord blood leucocytes, in some respects, may demonstrate functional maturity. IL-6 secretion by stimulated monocytes was also comparable in cord and adult blood. However, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were produced by a lower proportion of monocytes from newborns than adults. Similarly, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production for monocytes and T cells was lower in cord blood. The mean fluorescence intensity for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha was also lower for leucocytes from cord blood. These findings are significant in relation to the inability of newborn infants to mount a febrile response to infection. The findings of lower expression of IL-2R beta and lower production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha is a basis for improved understanding of the immunological immaturity of leucocytes in the newborn.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Fetal Blood', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Genes, MHC Class II', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immune System', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-6', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Leukocytes', 'Monocytes', 'Protein Subunits', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets']
| 11,169,209
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.251'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.610.600', 'G05.360.340.024.380.500.600', 'G12.500.500.600'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A15.382'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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A Mycobacterium leprae-specific human T cell epitope cross-reactive with an HLA-DR2 peptide.
|
Mycobacterium leprae induces T cell reactivity and protective immunity in the majority of exposed individuals, but the minority that develop leprosy exhibit various types of immunopathology. Thus, the definition of epitopes on M. leprae antigens that are recognized by T cells from different individuals might result in the development of an effective vaccine against leprosy. A sequence from the 65-kD protein of this organism was recognized by two HLA-DR2-restricted, M. leprae-specific helper T cell clones that were derived from a tuberculoid leprosy patient. Synthetic peptides were used to define this epitope as Leu-Gln-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-Leu-Asp-Lys-Leu. A similar peptide that was derived from the third hypervariable region of the HLA-DR2 chain, Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Tyr, also activated the same clones. The unexpected cross-reactivity of this M. leprae-specific DR2-restricted T cell epitope with a DR2 peptide may have to be considered in the design of subunit vaccines against leprosy.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Epitopes', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'HLA-DR2 Antigen', 'Leprosy', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mycobacterium leprae', 'Peptides', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']
| 2,459,778
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.400.020', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.389.750', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.389.020', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.389.750'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475.371'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.502', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.502'], ['D12.644'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic Accuracy of MR Mammography in Diagnosing Malignant Breast Lesions Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard.
|
OBJECTIVE: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of MR Mammography in diagnosing malignant breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Radiology in collaboration with Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from April 2015 to April 2016.METHODOLOGY: 150 female patients with either suspicious mammographic findings or palpable lesions suspicious for malignancy referred from surgical OPD of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital were assessed. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was done on 1.5 Tesla MRI machine and the images were evaluated on morphological and kinetic basis. MR findings were then compared with preoperative FNAC and biopsy findings.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 52.5 ±13.4 years with maximum patients of age group 46-55 years. Out of 150, 118 (78.6%) patients were found to have malignant lesions on MRM while 116 (77%) patients were proved to have malignant lesions on histopathology. There was 93.9% sensitivity, 73.5% specificity, 89.3% diagnostic accuracy, 92.3% PPV, and 78.1% NPV of MR mammography in diagnosing malignant breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard.CONCLUSION: Breast MRI has high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions and must be used as primary imaging tool for proper characterisation of the breast lumps.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Contrast Media', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Pakistan', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 30,630,562
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of tolmetin sodium dihydrate on normal and postsurgical peritoneal cell function.
|
Recent studies utilizing intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of NSAIDs to rabbits after surgical injury to the parietal peritoneum demonstrated macrophage involvement. NSAIDs are known to inhibit the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which in turn modulate a variety of macrophage functions. Studies presented here examine the effects of tolmetin administration on peritoneal resident and post-surgical leukocyte functions, such as phagocytosis, the release of superoxide anion and tumoricidal activity. Rats, either non-surgical or following peritoneal surgery, were injected i.p. with tolmetin. At various times after treatment, the rats were sacrificed and peritoneal cells collected by lavage. The phagocytic capability of peritoneal leukocytes was transiently decreased 5-7 days after the administration of tolmetin to normal animals. However, administration of tolmetin during surgery extended the length of time that phagocytic capability was enhanced. In non-surgical controls, there was an elevation in superoxide anion release and tumoricidal activity 24 h after tolmetin administration. Superoxide anion release was suppressed at days 5 and 7 after treatment, but returned to control levels by day 14. Intraoperative administration of tolmetin significantly elevated superoxide anion release at days 3 and 5, phagocytosis at days 7 and 14 and tumoricidal activity at day 3. These studies suggest that compounds which suppress prostaglandin synthesis can modulate the function of resident and post-surgical peritoneal cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Peritoneal Cavity', 'Peritoneum', 'Phagocytosis', 'Pyrroles', 'Rats', 'Superoxides', 'Time Factors', 'Tolmetin']
| 2,836,323
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.287'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.678'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D03.383.129.578.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Career options for the dental graduate: report of a conference.
|
The unexpectedly high attendance (over five hundred) at the conference and the large number of individuals who had to be turned away provide proof that there is considerable interest in diverse dental careers. Interest is high not only among students and recent graduates: there were members of classes ranging from 1940 to 1985 in attendance. Another conference on the same topic in January in another region of the country also attests to the worthwhile information imparted by such a conference. Finally, it is safe to say that the dental degree has been too narrowly viewed in terms of its career potential, and that dental graduates believed, in the past, that they were prepared to do a very limited range of things. The conference established beyond doubt that it is possible to enter a variety of dentally related careers, either directly from dental school or after some period in private practice, and speakers offered concrete advice on how this might best be done. In a recent article on predoctoral dental education in the 1980s, Dr. Louis Terkla made the basic assumption that, in the future, "schools of dentistry will revise their practice planning courses to orient and prepare graduating students to assume career roles other than as solo practitioners." The Conference on Career Options for the Dental Graduate subserved that goal.
|
['Career Choice', 'Choice Behavior', 'Dentistry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Professional Practice', 'Students, Dental']
| 6,953,134
|
[['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['E06', 'H02.163'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.758'], ['M01.848.769.519']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A new technique for the treatment of guilt.
|
A behavioural technique is described suitable for the treatment of patients with high levels of guilt who attempt to relieve their depression by risk-taking activities which reflect their individual wishes and fears, or who suffer anxiety due to unacceptable past behaviour. It is recommended as an alternative brief method of treatment to psychoanalysis and is based on the application of behaviour therapy to a patient's psychopathology. Three case histories are described to illustrate the principles of the technique.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior Therapy', 'Female', 'Guilt', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Methohexital', 'Sexual Behavior']
| 871,573
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.137'], ['F01.470.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.488'], ['F01.145.802']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
CEA immunohistochemical localization is correlated with growth and metastasis of human gallbladder carcinoma.
|
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a good marker of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that CEA may function as a metastatic potentiator by different pathways; i.e., modulation of immune responses, facilitation of intercellular adhesion and cellular migration. However, expression patterns of CEA have not yet been established in human gallbladder carcinomas. In this study, we examined CEA expression in human gallbladder adenocarcinomas and its clinicopathological significance. CEA immunoreactivity was detected not only in the cancer cells (cytoplasmic type: 63.0%, 34/54) but also in the cancer stroma (stromal type: 29.6%, 16/54). According to TNM classification, 75.0% (30/40) of T2-4 gallbladder cancers showed cytoplasmic CEA, while 28.6% (4/14) of the T1 cancers were cytoplasmic CEA-positive (p<0.05). Stromal CEA expression was detected in 40.0% (16/40) and none (0/14) of the T2-4 and T1 cancers, respectively (p<0.05). Lymph node metastasis was frequently found in the cytoplasmic CEA- and stromal CEA-positive gallbladder cancers (44.1% and 62.5%, respectively). These observations suggested that CEA expression plays important roles in cancer cell growth and metastasis of human gallbladder adenocarcinomas.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Female', 'Gallbladder Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis']
| 10,601,548
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['C04.588.274.120.401', 'C06.130.320.401', 'C06.130.564.401', 'C06.301.120.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Universality analysis of the existence of substantia nigra "swallow tail" appearance of non-Parkinson patients in 3T SWI.
|
OBJECTIVE: To use the 3.0T susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for universality analysis of the "swallow tail" appearance in the substantia nigra of non-Parkinson disease and discuss its lack of the value of imaging diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD).PATIENTS AND METHODS: Take 3.0TMR SWI in 60 PD patients (Group PD) and non-PD volunteers (Group N-PD), on the map of range analyze morphology and number of "swallow tail" appearance in substantia nigra of N-PD group volunteers, and compare the performance image of the corresponding region of the patients in the PD group.RESULTS: After, 15 patients with lesions in the brain stem and significant motion artifacts were excluded. Forty-nine cases of group N-PD (96.08%) had typical "swallow tail" appearance in the bilateral or unilateral substantia nigra compacta posterolateral. All 54 patients with group PD (100%) lacked the "drop" rear elliptical high signal.CONCLUSIONS: On the 3.0T SWI range map, the "swallow tail" appearance is ubiquitous in the substantia nigra of patients with non-PD. The deficiency of the signs has high sensitivity and specificity for PD diagnosis.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Substantia Nigra']
| 27,097,951
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Older Russian emigr?s and medical care.
|
Although emigration from the former Soviet Union is dramatically increasing nationwide, little information has been reported on the medical problems of these emigr?s. For older emigr?s in particular, the medical realities of aging, in combination with cultural expectations, make the United States' medical system an arena where the stresses of emigration are expressed and help is sought. We describe the influences of culture and aging on older emigr?s' health and interaction with the American medical system. A qualitative, exploratory study was done of problems and issues in health care use by older Russian emigr?s at the ambulatory medical clinic of Mount Zion Medical Center, San Francisco. Cultural expectations and beliefs about health, adaptive health behaviors learned in the former Soviet Union, the stresses of emigration, and the medical realities of aging can result in serious problems in the care and treatment of older Russian emigr?s. Recommended solutions include educating emigr?s and health care professionals, integrating mental health services into the primary care setting, and expanding supportive services in the community such as adult day health care.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Culture', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Emigration and Immigration', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Jews', 'Male', 'Ukraine', 'United States']
| 1,413,780
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.686.754.600'], ['Z01.542.248.960', 'Z01.542.931.960', 'Z01.586.950.960'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Recruitment of extravascular fluid by hyperoncotic albumin.
|
BACKGROUND: Although hyperoncotic albumin may be used to recruit oedema, its effectiveness remains unclear. Therefore, this issue was studied during infusion experiments in healthy volunteers.METHOD: Fifteen healthy volunteers (mean age 31 years) received an infusion of 3 mL/kg of 20% albumin over 30 minutes. Their urinary excretion was recorded, and venous blood samples were taken to measure blood haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit, colloid osmotic pressure as well as plasma albumin and sodium concentrations on 15 occasions over a period of 300 minutes. Plasma volume expansion was taken as the inverse of the fluid-induced dilution of venous plasma, as given by the blood Hb concentration. Mass balance calculations were used to estimate the mobilisation of fluid from the tissues.RESULTS: Maximum plasma volume expansion was reached 20 minutes after completing an infusion of 20% albumin. Urinary excretion was effectively increased, and the mobilised fluid from the tissues at 300 minutes amounted to 3.4 ± 1.2 mL for each infused mL of 20% albumin, of which 19% was of intracellular origin. The urinary excretion correlated strongly with the amount of recruited fluid (R2 = 0.87) and inversely with the plasma volume expansion (R2 = 0.53).CONCLUSION: The infusion of 20% albumin significantly increases the plasma volume by recruiting interstitial fluid. After completing the infusion, there is a delay of 20 minutes until maximum plasma dilution is reached, and the duration of the plasma volume expansion lasts far beyond 5 hours.
|
['Adult', 'Albumins', 'Albuminuria', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Hematocrit', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Intracellular Fluid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Plasma Substitutes', 'Plasma Volume', 'Sodium', 'Young Adult']
| 29,845,612
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.034'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['A11.284.295.260', 'A12.207.270'], ['E02.319.360'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['A11.284.430.429', 'A11.284.835.450', 'A12.207.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['D27.505.954.502.140.500'], ['G09.188.130.610', 'G09.330.380.092.610'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Bystander activation of irrelevant CD4+ T cells following antigen-specific vaccination occurs in the presence and absence of adjuvant.
|
Autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory diseases (AID) are prevalent diseases which can severely impact the quality of life of those that suffer from the disease. In most cases, the etiology of these conditions have remained unclear. Immune responses that take place e.g. during natural infection or after vaccination are often linked with the development or exacerbation of AID. It is highly debated if vaccines induce or aggravate AID and in particular adjuvants are mentioned as potential cause. Since vaccines are given on a large scale to healthy individuals but also to elderly and immunocompromised individuals, more research is warranted. Non-specific induction of na?ve or memory autoreactive T cells via bystander activation is one of the proposed mechanisms of how vaccination might be involved in AID. During bystander activation, T cells unrelated to the antigen presented can be activated without (strong) T cell receptor (TCR) ligation, but via signals derived from the ongoing response directed against the vaccine-antigen or adjuvant at hand. In this study we have set up a TCR transgenic T cell transfer mouse model by which we were able to measure local bystander activation of transferred and labeled CD4+ T cells. Intramuscular injection with the highly immunogenic Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) led to local in vivo proliferation and activation of intravenously transferred CD4+ T cells in the iliac lymph node. This local bystander activation was also observed after CFA prime and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) boost injection. Furthermore, we showed that an antigen specific response is sufficient for the induction of a bystander activation response and the general, immune stimulating effect of CFA or IFA does not appear to increase this effect. In other words, no evidence was obtained that adjuvation of antigen specific responses is essential for bystander activation.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antigens', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Chronic Disease', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Proteoglycans', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines']
| 28,489,886
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['C20.111'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D20.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ochratoxin A in conventional and organic cereal derivatives: a survey of the Italian market, 2001-02.
|
Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus ochraceus. Although typically considered a cereal contaminant, it has also been detected in dried fruit, nuts, meat and derivatives. To estimate the quantity of ochratoxin A that might be ingested by Italian consumers from these foods, 211 cereal derivatives (flours and bakery products) were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Products were from conventional and organic agriculture and from integrated pest management agriculture. All commercial flours and derivatives examined contained ochratoxin A at concentrations very much below the legal limit (3 microg kg(-1)): the highest value, 0.816 microg kg(-1), was detected in a sample of spelt whole flour from organic agriculture. In many samples, the ochratoxin content was below the limit of detection; only rarely did values exceed 0.5 microg kg(-1). In baby foods, four samples were above the particularly restrictive Italian legal limit of 0.5 microg kg(-1). Although some significant differences were found between samples from conventional and organic agriculture when some product categories were examined (namely, baby foods as semolina and rice creams), no important difference was found between the two types of agricultural practice when all types of cereal derivatives were considered together.
|
['Carcinogens', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Edible Grain', 'Flour', 'Food Analysis', 'Food Contamination', 'Food, Organic', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Food', 'Italy', 'Ochratoxins']
| 15,204,537
|
[['D27.888.569.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['G07.203.300.519', 'J02.500.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.203.300.525.500', 'J02.500.525.500'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.800.500', 'D03.633.100.150.446.800.500', 'D23.946.587.697']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Agreement and clinical utility of 2 techniques for measuring cardiac output in patients with low cardiac output.
|
BACKGROUND: The reliability of cardiac output obtained with the bolus technique is a problem.OBJECTIVES: To compare measurements of cardiac output measured with bolus and continuous techniques in patients with low cardiac output and to determine if measurements obtained with the continuous technique increased the number of subsequent clinical decisions.METHODS: In 60 intensive care patients, a nurse recorded a single continuous cardiac output measurement and then obtained the mean of 3 consecutive bolus determinations. The medical records of these 60 patients (experimental group) for the next 48 hours and of 60 other patients with regular or mixed venous oximetry catheters (control group) were reviewed to assess the occurrence of cardiac output events and the frequency of clinical decisions based on the events.RESULTS: Mean cardiac output was 4.46 L/min by the continuous technique and 5.20 L/min by the bolus technique (P = .011) for the experimental group. Median bias between the 2 types of measurements was -0.10 L/min (P = .79). Twenty-three of the pairs (38%) had an absolute percent difference greater than 15%. Of these, 18 (78%) had a higher bolus reading. Treatment decisions per 48 hours were 9.9 for the experimental group and 8.6 for the control group (P = .014). Median length of stay was 2 days less in the experimental group (P = .02), and mean highest cardiac output was 0.81 L/min higher (P = .009).CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of cardiac output determined with the continuous technique may be more precise than measurements determined with the bolus technique. Continuous cardiac output information increases the number of treatment decisions and actions that may shorten hospital length of stay.
|
['Cardiac Output', 'Cardiac Output, Low', 'Catheterization, Swan-Ganz', 'Critical Care', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poisson Distribution', 'Regression Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Thermodilution']
| 9,987,544
|
[['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['C14.280.148', 'C23.888.192'], ['E01.370.370.380.140.210', 'E02.148.224.165', 'E02.148.442.165', 'E04.100.814.529.937.165', 'E04.502.382.937.165', 'E05.157.250.165', 'E05.157.375.165'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.994.750', 'G17.820.750', 'N05.715.360.750.750.620', 'N06.850.520.830.994.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.484.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hopf bifurcation stability in Hopfield neural networks.
|
In this paper we consider a simple discrete Hopfield neural network model and analyze local stability using the associated characteristic model. In order to study the dynamic behavior of the quasi-periodic orbit, the Hopf bifurcation must be determined. For the case of two neurons, we find one necessary condition that yields the Hopf bifurcation. In addition, we determine the stability and direction of the Hopf bifurcation by applying normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. An example is given and a numerical simulation is performed to illustrate the results. We analyze the influence of bias weights on the stability of the quasi-periodic orbit and study the phase-locking phenomena for certain experimental results with Arnold Tongues in a particular weight configuration.
|
['Algorithms', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Systems Theory']
| 23,037,776
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['H01.770.808']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antiproliferative and antimitotic effect, S phase accumulation and induction of apoptosis and necrosis after treatment of extract from Rhodiola rosea rhizomes on HL-60 cells.
|
Rhodiola rosea is a medicinal plant having stimulating and adaptogenic properties, and some reports also indicate its anticancer and antimutagenic effect. However, the mechanism of its anticancer effect is unknown as there have been no cytological studies regarding cytostatics, cell cycle, induction of apoptosis or the mitotic activity of healthy and cancerous cells. In the present paper, those parameters were investigated using HL-60 cells, with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. It has been found that the extract of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes inhibits division of HL-60 cells, which is preceded by an accumulation of cells at the prophase stage. This leads to induction of apoptosis and necrosis in HL-60 cells, and to marked reduction of their survival. The cells enter apoptosis from phase G2/M of the cell cycle. After treatment with the extract, no chromosome aberrations or micronuclei were observed, which indicates the mild action of the extract. The cytostatic and antiproliferative effect of the Rhodiola rosea rhizome extract, and its mild action, raises hope for its use in anticancer therapy by enhancing the effectiveness of cytostatics.
|
['Antimitotic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mitotic Index', 'Necrosis', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rhodiola', 'S Phase']
| 16,169,692
|
[['D27.505.519.593.249', 'D27.505.954.248.147'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['C23.550.717'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.249.500'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Edge transfer lithography using alkanethiol inks.
|
Edge lithographic patterning techniques are based on the utilization of the edges of micrometer-sized template features for the reproduction of submicrometer structures. Edge transfer lithography (ETL) permits local surface modification in a single step by depositing self-assembled monolayers onto a metal substrate selectively along the feature edges of an elastomeric stamp. In this report two stamp designs are described that now allow for the use of alkanethiol inks in ETL and their use as etch resists to reproduce submicrometer structures in gold. Anisotropically modified stamps are shown to combine the potential for very high-resolution patterning with the versatility and simplicity of microcontact printing.
|
['Alkanes', 'Gold', 'Ink', 'Materials Testing', 'Nanostructures', 'Nanotechnology', 'Particle Size', 'Printing', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Surface Properties']
| 16,771,586
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['J01.637.500'], ['E05.570'], ['J01.637.512'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G02.712'], ['L01.737.787'], ['D02.886.489'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Malnutrition screening in hospitalized children: influence of the hospital unit on its management].
|
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in a pediatric population hospitalized in a French regional hospital and to evaluate the influence of type of hospital unit (pediatric or not) in the screening and the management of malnutrition.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This one-day cross-sectional survey was performed in three different seasons during 2003. Every child aged 2 months to 16 years old, hospitalized for more than 48 hours was included. Weight for height, Z-score and Body Mass Index Z-score were used for nutritional assessment. Type of hospitalisation unit, date of admission, associated diagnosis, screening and treatment of malnutrition were also taken into account.RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty hospitalized children were undernourished (11%) and thirty-one children were obese (11%) with no difference in prevalence of malnutrition between pediatric and non-pediatric units. At the time of the study, malnutrition was recognized in one third of the children, at a similar rate whatever the type of hospitalized unit. The children hospitalized in pediatrics wards benefited more frequently from nutritional intervention, i.e. dietician care (43 vs. 16% P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children is low and the same in pediatric or non-pediatric units. Screening of malnutrition remains unsatisfactory in hospital. However, malnutrition is more frequently treated in pediatric unit compared with non-pediatric unit.
|
['Adolescent', 'Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Child, Hospitalized', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'France', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Malnutrition', 'Mass Screening', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Nutritional Status', 'Prevalence']
| 16,051,076
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.643.259'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C18.654.521'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.308.585', 'N05.715.360.300.560', 'N06.850.505.557', 'N06.850.520.308.585'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Glove perforation in hand surgery.
|
A survey of glove perforation in 100 consecutive hand surgery operations was undertaken. A total of 397 pairs of gloves were tested for punctures after the operation. Evidence of perforation was found in 19% of the gloves used, and only in 12 cases did the surgeons actually realize that a perforation had occurred. With a perforation rate of 43%, the surgeons were significantly more at risk of glove perforation than the other members of the operating team.
|
['Gloves, Surgical', 'Hand', 'Humans']
| 1,748,747
|
[['E07.700.600.400.400', 'E07.858.594.500', 'J01.637.215.600.400.400', 'J01.637.708.560.875.400.400'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of continuous intravenous oxycodone infusion in opioid-na?ve cancer patients with dyspnea.
|
Aim: Dyspnea is among symptoms that decrease quality of life for terminal cancer patients. There are few reports of the positive effects of oxycodone for the treatment of dyspnea, and no studies have focused on opioid-na?ve patients. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous oxycodone infusion for opioid-na?ve cancer patients with dyspnea.Methods: Eligible patients were opioid-na?ve cancer inpatients who received continuous oxycodone infusion as a treatment for dyspnea under the care of the palliative care team at Komaki City Hospital between November 2013 and December 2016. We retrospectively investigated the improvement of dyspnea following continuous oxycodone infusion from the medical records.Results: This study included 19 patients, and the response rate to oxycodone infusion for dyspnea was 68.4%. Most participants were terminal cancer patients with performance status 3 or 4. Median survival of participants following continuous oxycodone infusion was 6 (range 1-377) days. No serious adverse events such as respiratory depression or somnolence were noted.Conclusion: Continuous oxycodone infusion could be a reasonable treatment option in the management of dyspnea in opioid-na?ve cancer patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Dyspnea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Oxycodone', 'Quality of Life', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,893,883
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.149.575', 'D03.605.497.607.204.650', 'D03.633.400.686.607.204.650', 'D04.615.723.795.576.149.575'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inflammation resolved by retinoid X receptor-mediated inactivation of leukotriene signaling pathways.
|
Leukotrienes are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse, inflammation-driven diseases. Metabolic inactivation of leukotriene signaling is an innate response to resolve inflammation, yet little is known of mechanisms regulating disposition of leukotrienes in peripheral tissues afflicted in common inflammatory diseases. We studied leukotriene hydroxylases (CYP4F gene products) in human skin, a common target of inflammation and adverse drug reactions. Epidermal keratinocytes express at least six CYP4F enzymes; the most highly expressed and highly regulated is CYP4F3A-the main neutrophil leukotriene hydroxylase. Differentiation-specific factors and retinoids are positive CYP4F regulators in vitro, effecting increased leukotriene B4 hydroxylation (inactivation). CYP4F expression is up-regulated in situ in hyperproliferative dermatoses-an innate mechanism to repair and restore epidermal barrier competency-and after retinoid therapy. Enhanced CYP4F-mediated inactivation of leukotriene signaling is a previously unrecognized antiinflammatory property of therapeutic retinoids mediated by preferential interactions between retinoid X receptors and CYP4F promoter elements in epidermal cells.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Epidermal Cells', 'Epidermis', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Leukotrienes', 'Retinoid X Receptors', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tretinoin', 'Up-Regulation']
| 17,884,973
|
[['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['A11.409'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887', 'D23.469.050.175.450'], ['D12.776.826.701.500', 'D12.776.930.775.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wogonin modulates hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway in retinal pigment epithelium cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress causes the defects of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that contribute to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was conducted to determine whether wogonin could prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RPE cells.METHODS: A RPE cell line, ARPE-19, was obtained for the cell model. ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of wogonin for 24 h before being exposed to H2O2 for 2 h to induce oxidative stress. Cell metabolic activity was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis was quantified by the flow cytometry. Protein level was assed by western blot.RESULTS: The RPE cells exposed to to 200 mM H2O2 demonstrated a significant depression in the cell viability; whereas pre-treatment with 50 and 100 mmol/l wogonin could significantly improve the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The proportion of PI-positive cells was increased significantly in RPE cells treated with H2O2 alone; whereas pretreatment with 100 mM wogonin significantly reduced H2O2 -induced RPE cell death rate. In protein level, the wogonin use could reduce the level of p-Akt significantly and this is the possible mechanism of the antioxidant effect of wogonin.CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that wogonin pre-treatment can protect RPE cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This suggests potential effect of wogonin in the prevention of retinal diseases associated with H2O2-induced oxidative stress such as AMD.VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_154.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytoprotection', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Flavanones', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Retinal Pigment Epithelium', 'Signal Transduction']
| 25,432,585
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.690.773.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.436'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['A09.371.670.500', 'A09.371.729.887'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Colletotrichum orbiculare MTF4 Is a Key Transcription Factor Downstream of MOR Essential for Plant Signal-Dependent Appressorium Development and Pathogenesis.
|
The cucumber anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare forms a specialized infection structure, called an appressorium. Appressorium differentiation relies on fungal perception of physical and biochemical signals at the plant surface. Our previous report showed that the morphogenesis-related NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) kinase pathway (MOR) is crucial for translating plant-derived signals for appressorium development. Here, we focused on identifying transcriptional regulators downstream of MOR that are involved in plant signal sensing and transduction for appressorium development. Based on whole-genome transcript profiling, we identified a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, CoMTF4, as a potential downstream factor of MOR. CoMTF4 was expressed in planta rather than in vitro under the control of the NDR kinase CoCbk1. Phenotypes of comtf4 mutants, strains with constitutively active CoCbk1 and strains with constitutive overexpression of CoMTF4 suggested that CoMtf4 acts downstream of MOR. Furthermore, nuclear localization of CoMtf4 was dependent on the MOR and responsive to plant-derived signals that lead to appressorium morphogenesis. Thus, we conclude that CoMtf4 is a transcription factor downstream of MOR that is essential for appressorium morphogenesis and pathogenesis and is regulated in response to plant-derived signals. This study provides insights into fungal sensing of plant signals and subsequent responses critical for appressorium formation.
|
['Colletotrichum', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Genome, Fungal', 'Mutation', 'Plant Diseases', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factors']
| 30,398,907
|
[['B01.300.381.235'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G05.360.340.358.365'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G15.610'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sound localization ability of young children with bilateral cochlear implants.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of bilateral cochlear implantation in young children.STUDY DESIGN: Clinical trial comparing a group of bilaterally implanted children with a group of unilaterally implanted children.SETTING: Tertiary referral center.PATIENTS: Five bilaterally implanted children (mean age at testing, 3 yr 7 mo) were compared with 5 unilaterally implanted children (mean age at testing, 5 yr 3 mo). Meningitis was the cause of deafness in all of the children.METHODS: Children were asked to localize a prerecorded melody band limited from 500 to 4,000 Hz presented from loudspeakers placed at either -90 or 90 degrees or -30 or 30 degrees azimuth. Their parents filled in the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) and PedsQL questionnaires on hearing and health-related quality of life of their children.RESULTS: The bilaterally implanted children had significantly better scores on the localization test than the children with unilateral cochlear implants. The scores of the children with bilateral cochlear implants were also significantly higher on the spatial domain of the SSQ, which concerns localization. No significant differences were found in the speech and quality of hearing domains and the total scores on the SSQ or the PedsQL between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Children with bilateral cochlear implantation already demonstrate an advantage over unilaterally implanted children at a young age.
|
['Audiometry', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Deafness', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Meningitis', 'Parents', 'Quality of Life', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sound Localization', 'Speech Perception', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,473,710
|
[['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['C09.218.458.341.186', 'C10.597.751.418.341.186', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.186'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C10.228.614'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F02.463.593.071.869', 'G07.888.125.869'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on DSM-III-R attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
|
Approximately 5% of children are affected by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and more boys are affected than girls. This study examined the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on ADHD and several questions regarding sex differences in its prevalence and liability. The participants were 2,391 twin and sibling pairs from Australia, ages 3-18. ADHD symptoms in the general population were highly heritable (h2 = .85-.90), as were deviant ADHD scores in the selected population. The magnitude of familial influences was similar for boys and girls, although there were shared environmental influences on ADHD in girls but not boys and dominance genetic influences on ADHD in boys but not girls. Specific genetic and environmental influences were highly similar for boys and girls. Evidence supported the polygenic multiple threshold model rather than the constitutional variability model of sex differences in ADHD.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Australia', 'Bias', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comorbidity', 'Conduct Disorder', 'Diseases in Twins', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Genetic', 'Prevalence', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Sex Distribution']
| 10,066,990
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F03.625.094.300'], ['C23.550.291.750'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G08.686.815'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
TRAF6-Mediated Inflammatory Cytokines Secretion in LPS-induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Is Regulated by miR-140.
|
BACKGROUND/AIM: Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells secrete inflammatory cytokines that affect CRC progression. The aim of the present study was to determine if micro-RNA-140(miR-140) regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in colorectal cancer cells by targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty fresh colon-cancer specimens and normal colorectal tissues were collected from patients with CRC and tested for the expression miR-140. Human CRC cell lines SW480 and HCT116 were treated with various concentrations and times with LPS. miR-140 and mRNA expression of potentially related genes were analyzed by qPCR. Protein expression was analyzed using western blot or ELISA. Overexpression plasmids with pcDNA3.1-TRAF6, pGL4.10-wtTRAF6 and pGL4.10-mutTRAF6 were constructed. miRNA target gene prediction and a dual luciferase assay were used to analyze miR-140-targeted TRAF6.RESULTS: miR-140 expression was up-regulated in CRC tissues. In CRC cells, LPS could increase miR-140 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. LPS increased inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels in SW480 and HCT116 human colon-cancer cells. miRNA-140 suppressed TRAF6 expression via targeting the 3'UTR. TRAF6 affected miR-140-mediated inflammatory cytokine expression of SW480 and HCT116 cells under LPS treatment.CONCLUSION: miR-140 regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion of LPS-induced colorectal cancer cells by targeting TRAF6.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Cytokines', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'MicroRNAs', 'Prognosis', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 31,882,548
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.469'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E01.789'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dietary supplementation with Withania somnifera root powder ameliorates experimentally induced Infectious Bursal Disease in chicken.
|
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an economically important, immunosuppressive viral disease of chicken. Withania somnifera, a well-known Indian medicinal plant and functional food, finds extensive ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary use in the subcontinent. Root extracts of Withania somnifera have been shown to inhibit IBD virus (IBDV) in vitro. The effect of dietary supplementation with whole root powder of Withania somnifera was studied in chicken experimentally infected with IBDV. Dietary supplementation with the root powder improved erythrocytic indices, biochemical parameters, bursal weight index, and lymphocyte stimulation indices, and reduced histopathological insult in the infected birds. Viral load decreased to less than one-fourth in the birds receiving dietary supplementation with Withania somnifera root powder. It could be concluded that continued supplementation of IBDV-infected chicken with Withania somnifera root powder alleviated virus-induced stress and histological and immunological alterations and reduced viral persistence in the host.
|
['Animals', 'Birnaviridae Infections', 'Chickens', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Infectious bursal disease virus', 'Male', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Withania']
| 31,705,357
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.925.782.123'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['B04.820.223.500.060.400'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.560'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The misoprostol vaginal insert compared with oral misoprostol for labor induction in term pregnancies: a pair-matched case-control study.
|
AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of the misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) with an off-label use of oral misoprostol (OM).METHODS: Pair-matched case-control study comparing the induction of labor with a retrievable MVI to OM. The primary outcomes were the time from induction to delivery and the cesarean section rate. Secondary outcomes included uterine tachysystole, tocolysis, fetal scalp blood testing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, umbilical arterial pH, and Apgar score.RESULTS: One hundred and thirty eight women ?37/0 weeks pregnant undergoing labor induction with misoprostol were included. The mean time from application to delivery was significantly shorter and the caesarean section rate significantly higher in the MVI group (P<0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 1.21-6.25) in favor of vaginal delivery in the OM group. The mean 5-min Apgar scores and arterial cord pH values were significantly lower in the MVI group. An arterial pH value of 7.10-7.19 was found in 26.1% and 15.9%, and a value <7.10 was found in 4.3% and 0% of MVI and OM cases, respectively.CONCLUSION: The MVI compared with OM significantly shortened the time from application to delivery at the expense of a higher cesarean section rate and negative effects on neonatal outcomes.
|
['Administration, Intravaginal', 'Administration, Oral', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor, Induced', 'Misoprostol', 'Oxytocics', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome']
| 28,672,758
|
[['E02.319.267.120.500'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E04.520.252.968'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.500', 'D23.469.700.660.500'], ['D27.505.696.875.737', 'D27.505.954.705.737'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy of different antibiotics in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease.
|
A total of 40 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (APID) were studied over a period of 7 months; one aim was to evaluate the use of different antibiotics in treatment. The most important findings were: (i) most patients had a polymicrobial aetiology for their APID; (ii) Chlamydia trachomatis and the anaerobic bacteria were the most common organisms encountered; and (iii) tetracycline plus metronidazole is probably the best combination therapy for APID.
|
['Ampicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Doxycycline', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Metronidazole', 'Oxytetracycline', 'Pelvic Inflammatory Disease', 'Random Allocation', 'Tetracycline']
| 3,616,808
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.600', 'D04.615.562.900.600'], ['C01.635.500', 'C13.351.500.056.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Throat disease in the periphery of Europe: the introduction of diphteria antitoxin in Romsdal county].
|
Diphteria played a key role in establishing the bacteriological model for explaining infectious disease. This understanding of bacteriological factors spurred research that culminated in the development of diphteria antitoxin, the first effective therapeutic cure for an epidemiological disease. Prior to the introduction of antitoxin, isolation and disinfection were regarded as the key defences against diphteria. The opportunity to combine antitoxin therapy with existing methods for combatting the disease was a key factor for the rapid spread of the antitoxin. Diphteria antitoxin was first used in Romsdal county in 1895. Initially the serum had to be ordered from manufacturers abroad, which restricted its application in the district. Few available doctors and long transport routes were reasons that prevented the antitoxin from reaching its full potential. Industrial manufacturing methods were an obstacle to serum production in peripheral areas. In Norway, production of serum gradually got underway in Kristiania, which was one factor that caused mortality from diphteria to decline faster there than in other parts of the country. In this article we will elucidate the relationship between the centre and the periphery in the spread of medical advances by studying the implementation of diphteria antitoxin in Romsdal county.
|
['Diphtheria', 'Diphtheria Antitoxin', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Medically Underserved Area', 'Norway']
| 24,721,865
|
[['C01.150.252.410.040.246.388'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.438', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601.438', 'D20.215.401.601.388'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['N03.349.650.340', 'N05.300.450.520'], ['Z01.542.816.374']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Prediction models of donor arrest and graft utilization in liver transplantation from maastricht-3 donors after circulatory death.
|
Shortage of organs for transplantation has led to the renewed interest in donation after circulatory-determination of death (DCDD). We conducted a retrospective analysis (2001-2009) and a subsequent prospective validation (2010) of liver Maastricht-Category-3-DCDD and donation-after-brain-death (DBD) offers to our program. Accepted and declined offers were compared. Accepted DCDD offers were divided into donors who went on to cardiac arrest and those who did not. Donors who arrested were divided into those producing grafts that were transplanted or remained unused. Descriptive comparisons and regression analyses were performed to assess predictor models of donor cardiac arrest and graft utilization. Variables from the multivariate analysis were prospectively validated. Of 1579 DCDD offers, 621 were accepted, and of these, 400 experienced cardiac arrest after withdrawal of support. Of these, 173 livers were transplanted. In the DCDD group, donor age < 40 years, use of inotropes and absence of gag/cough reflexes were predictors of cardiac arrest. Donor age >50 years, BMI >30, warm ischemia time >25 minutes, ITU stay >7 days and ALT ? 4? normal rates were risk factors for not using the graft. These variables had excellent sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of cardiac arrest (AUROC = 0.835) and graft use (AUROC = 0.748) in the 2010 prospective validation. These models can feasibly predict cardiac arrest in potential DCDDs and graft usability, helping to avoid unnecessary recoveries and healthcare expenditure.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Death', 'Child', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Organ Preservation', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tissue Donors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement']
| 23,016,623
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.151', 'C10.597.606.358.800.200.100', 'C23.550.260.159'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E02.792.833.660', 'E05.760.833.660'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.898'], ['N02.421.911']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of Approaches to Analyzing Continuous Correlated Eye Data When Sample Size Is Small.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of commonly used statistical methods for analyzing continuous correlated eye data when sample size is small.METHODS: We simulated correlated continuous data from two designs: (1) two eyes of a subject in two comparison groups; (2) two eyes of a subject in the same comparison group, under various sample size (5-50), inter-eye correlation (0-0.75) and effect size (0-0.8). Simulated data were analyzed using paired t-test, two sample t-test, Wald test and score test using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) and F-test using linear mixed effects model (LMM). We compared type I error rates and statistical powers, and demonstrated analysis approaches through analyzing two real datasets.RESULTS: In design 1, paired t-test and LMM perform better than GEE, with nominal type 1 error rate and higher statistical power. In design 2, no test performs uniformly well: two sample t-test (average of two eyes or a random eye) achieves better control of type I error but yields lower statistical power. In both designs, the GEE Wald test inflates type I error rate and GEE score test has lower power.CONCLUSION: When sample size is small, some commonly used statistical methods do not perform well. Paired t-test and LMM perform best when two eyes of a subject are in two different comparison groups, and t-test using the average of two eyes performs best when the two eyes are in the same comparison group. When selecting the appropriate analysis approach the study design should be considered.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Disease Management', 'Eye Diseases', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Sample Size']
| 28,891,730
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['N04.590.607'], ['C11'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[General practice and family medicine vocational training: the specialty internship doctor's profile, in Portugal].
|
AIM: To characterize a vocational training doctor's population that chooses General Practice and Family Medicine as career, in Portugal, trying to identify a profile; to know the proportion of the trainees that choose this specialty as a first-line option, for their professional future; to analyze the relationship between that choice and the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the General Practice and Family Medicine trainees.TYPE OF STUDY: Observational and cross-sectional study, with an analytic component.POPULATION: Doctors who entered the vocational training program for General Practice and Family Medicine in Portugal, during the year of 2005 (N = 228).METHODS: Postal questionnaire survey of all doctors that began vocational training during the year of 2005. Descriptive statistics were calculated and we use the ?2 and T test to analyze the relationship between the variables (a = 0,05).RESULTS: The overall response was 47,81% (n = 109). The profile found is mostly feminine (76, 15%), average age = 30, 2 years (DP = 6,28), Portuguese nationality (79,82%), graduate less than five years (Mo = 2002), and with a professional work average in medicine = 3,0 years (DP = 3,87). Most of trainees has no experience, working in undifferentiated Primary Care settings (87,04%). The specialty was chosen as a first-line option by 78,90% of the trainees, regardless of their profile.CONCLUSION: The high proportion of trainees choosing this specialty, as a first-line option, is a relevant result in this study. Identifying the specialty internship Doctor's profile, through a representative population, gives us an important evidence for future investigations, in a moment of a primary care reform in Portugal.
|
['Adult', 'Career Choice', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Portugal']
| 20,353,706
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.727']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of alkaline growth pH on the expression of cell envelope proteins in Fusobacterium nucleatum.
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic organism that plays a central role in the development of periodontal diseases. The progression of periodontitis is associated with a rise in pH of the gingival sulcus which promotes the growth and expression of virulence factors by periodontopathic bacteria. We have previously reported that the expression of specific cytoplasmic proteins is altered by a shift in growth pH. In the present study we have compared cell envelope protein expression of F. nucleatum during chemostat growth at pH 7.2 and 7.8. From a total of 176 proteins resolved from the cell envelope, 15 were found to have altered expression in response to an increase in growth pH and were identified by MS. Upregulated proteins included an outer membrane porin which has been identified as playing a role in virulence, a periplasmic chaperone which assists in the folding of outer membrane proteins, and a transporter thought to be involved with iron uptake. Proteins downregulated at pH 7.8 were consistent with our previous findings that the bacterium reduces its catabolism of energy-yielding substrates in favour of energy-storage pathways. Among the downregulated proteins, two transporters which are involved in the uptake of C4 dicarboxylates and phosphate were identified. A putative protease and an enzyme associated with the metabolism of glutamate were also identified. A high proportion of the cell envelope proteins suggested by these data to play a role in the organism's response to alkaline growth pH may have arisen by lateral gene transfer. This would support the hypothesis that genes that provide an ability to adapt to the changing conditions of the oral environment may be readily shared between oral bacteria.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gingiva', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Periplasm', 'Proteome', 'Virulence']
| 20,299,401
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['B03.370.250.500', 'B03.440.425.410.420.500'], ['G05.308.300'], ['A14.549.167.646.480'], ['G02.300'], ['A11.284.295.680'], ['D12.776.817'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validation of the GAP score in Korean patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
|
BACKGROUND: No study has determined whether the risk of mortality predicted by the GAP (gender, age, and physiologic variables) model matches the observed mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in non-Western populations. We evaluated the clinical course of IPF and validated the GAP model in Korean patients with IPF.METHODS: We included 268 patients who received a diagnosis of IPF at Seoul National University Hospital between 2005 and 2009. For each patient, demographics and clinical data, such as lung physiologic parameters at IPF diagnosis, were evaluated. We validated the GAP model using discrimination and calibration to predict the risk of death in Korean patients with IPF.RESULTS: The study population comprised 181 men and 87 women (mean age, 65.9 years). The mean baseline % predicted FVC was 77, and % predicted diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide was 65.9. A total of 157 deaths (58.6%) occurred during follow-up, and the median time to death was 4.64 years. The observed cumulative mortality at 1, 2, and 3 years was 10.4%, 20.9%, and 31.0%, respectively. The GAP model produced estimates of 1-year mortality risk consistent with the observed data (C statistic: GAP calculator, 0.74; GAP index and staging system, 0.72; P < .29). However, calibration of the GAP model at 3 years was not satisfactory.CONCLUSIONS: The GAP model showed similar discrimination power compared with the original cohort but did not predict the 3-year risk of death accurately. Further multinational validation studies are needed.
|
['Aged', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment']
| 25,211,374
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.765.500'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Maturation-promoting factor governs mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and interphase suppression during meiosis of rat oocytes.
|
Meiosis is a particular example of a cell cycle, characterized by two successive divisions without an intervening interphase. Resumption of meiosis in oocytes is associated with activation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The activity of MPF declines during the transition between the two meiotic divisions, whereas the activity of MAPK is sustained. Attempts to disclose the interplay between these key regulators of meiosis in both amphibian and mammalian oocytes generated contradictory results. Furthermore, the enzyme that governs the suppression of interphase in mammals is still unidentified. To our knowledge, we provide herein the first demonstration in a mammalian system that inhibition of MPF at reinitiation of meiosis abrogated Mos expression and MAPK activation. We also show that oocytes, in which reactivation of MPF at completion of the first telophase was prevented, exhibited an interphase nucleus with decondensed chromosomes. Inhibition of MAPK did not interfere with the progression to the second meiotic metaphase but, rather, resulted in parthenogenic activation. We conclude that in rat oocytes, MPF regulates MAPK activation and its timely reactivation prevents the oocytes from entering interphase.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclin B', 'Cyclin B1', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Interphase', 'Maturation-Promoting Factor', 'Meiosis', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Oncogene Proteins v-mos', 'Oocytes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 12,606,439
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D12.644.360.262.120', 'D12.776.167.218.120', 'D12.776.476.262.120'], ['D12.644.360.262.120.100', 'D12.776.167.218.120.100', 'D12.776.476.262.120.100'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G04.144.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984', 'D12.644.360.250.580', 'D12.776.167.200.580', 'D12.776.476.250.580'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750.900', 'D12.776.964.700.750.900', 'D12.776.964.775.750.900'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression Patterns and Potential Biological Roles of Dip2a.
|
Disconnected (disco)-interacting protein 2 homolog A is a member of the DIP2 protein family encoded by Dip2a gene. Dip2a expression pattern has never been systematically studied. Functions of Dip2a in embryonic development and adult are not known. To investigate Dip2a gene expression and function in embryo and adult, a Dip2a-LacZ mouse model was generated by insertion of â-Gal cDNA after Dip2a promoter using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Dip2a-LacZ mouse was designed to be a lacZ reporter mouse as well as a Dip2a knockout mouse. Heterozygous mice were used to study endogenous Dip2a expression and homozygotes to study DIP2A-associated structure and function. LacZ staining indicated that Dip2a is broadly expressed in neuronal, reproductive and vascular tissues, as well as in heart, kidney, liver and lung. Results demonstrate that Dip2a is expressed in ectoderm-derived tissues in developing embryos. Adult tissues showed rich staining in neurons, mesenchymal, endothelial, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes by cell types. The expression pattern highly overlaps with FSTL1 and supports previous report that DIP2A to be potential receptor of FSTL1 and its protective roles of cardiomyocytes. Broad and intense embryonic and adult expression of Dip2a has implied their multiple structural and physiological roles.
|
['Animals', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Organ Specificity', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 26,605,542
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phase II randomized study of daily gefitinib treatment alone or with vinorelbine every 2 weeks in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung who failed at least 2 regimens of chemotherapy.
|
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of adding chronic, intermittent, low-dose vinorelbine to gefitinib treatment for patients who had adenocarcinoma of the lung who failed>or=2 regimens of chemotherapy.METHODS: Patients were randomized into 2 arms: Oral gefitinib 250 mg daily (the G arm) or vinorelbine 15 mg/m2 as an intravenous infusion on Day 1 and oral gefitinib 250 mg daily on Days 2 through 14 every 2 weeks (the GV arm). From August 2004 to October 2005, 48 patients were enrolled. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 18 through 21 nucleotide sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed in patients who had tumor tissue specimens available for analysis.RESULTS: After randomization, each arm had 24 patients. However, 3 patients refused vinorelbine treatment and were given gefitinib treatment only. Thus, 27 patients received G treatment, and 21 patients received GV treatment. Objective response rates were 55.6% in the G arm and 52.4% in the GV arm. All toxicities in both arms were mild. The 1-year progression-free survival rate was 57.1% in the GV arm and 21.2% in the G arm (P=.008). The median survival was 13.3 months in the G arm and 23.4 months in the GV arm (P=.1231). Three of 6 patients (50%) had an exon 19 in-frame deletion, and 2 of 10 patients had EGFR gene high polysomy or amplification (20%).CONCLUSIONS: Gefitinib was highly effective in ethnic Chinese patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung who failed previous platinum and taxane treatment. The addition of low-dose vinorelbine every 2 weeks produced a significantly better 1-year progression-free survival rate.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Gefitinib', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Quinazolines', 'Vinblastine', 'Vinorelbine']
| 17,351,950
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D03.633.100.786.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.650'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.915', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.915', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.915']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of MS-857, a new and potent cardiotonic agent, in isolated mammalian cardiac muscles.
|
The positive inotropic activity of MS-857, a novel cardiotonic agent, was assessed in isolated atrial and ventricular muscle of several mammalian species. MS-857 (0.1-300 microM) increased the developed tension of the dog, rabbit, monkey, cat, and guinea pig ventricular muscles in a concentration-dependent manner. However, MS-857 failed to cause a positive inotropic effect in isolated rat ventricular muscle. In isolated guinea pig atria, MS-857 caused both positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. MS-857 was more selective for inotropy than for chronotropy as compared with either milrinone or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of MS-857 do not appear to be mediated by direct stimulation of alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors, histamine H1- or H2-receptors, or by release of endogenous catecholamines. The inotropic response to isoproterenol or histamine was potentiated by a relatively low concentration of MS-857. MS-857 increased both developed tension and intracellular cyclic AMP level in isolated dog right ventricular muscle. The time course of the elevation in cyclic AMP level was paralleled by that of increase in developed tension. Carbachol inhibited the increase in developed tension and cyclic AMP level caused by MS-857. These findings support the idea that cyclic AMP may be involved in the positive inotropic effect of MS-857.
|
['1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine', 'Animals', 'Carbachol', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Cats', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoquinolines', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Milrinone', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Pyridones', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reserpine', 'Tetrahydroisoquinolines']
| 2,481,195
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.824.751.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D02.092.080.085.543', 'D03.383.725.050.085.543'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['D03.383.725.791'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D03.132.436.681.933.500', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933.500', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933.500'], ['D03.633.100.531.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A cadaveric investigation into the links between macroscopic and microscopic osteoarthritic changes at the hip.
|
Our objective was to investigate the frequency and distribution of osteoarthritic changes at the hip, including the relationship between osteoarthritic lesions on the femoral head surface and histological changes in articular cartilage, in 12 cadavers. Twelve embalmed cadavers (five males and seven females) were dissected, and the femoral head was removed from both sides (24 femoral heads). Any gross osteoarthritic changes were noted and graded (on a scale of 1-3). A circular disc was then removed from the equator of the femoral head and divided into nine regions. Out of 192 segments, 54 underwent sectioning and staining with haematoxylin and eosin to assess histological changes in cartilage. Osteoarthritis of the hip was present in all cadavers, with all males having bilateral OA and 50% having grade 2 or higher lesions (50% were grade 1), and four of the seven female specimens having bilateral OA and only 7% with grade 2 lesions (with 71% grade 1 and 21% normal). Chondrocyte clustering was most commonly observed in the deep layer of cartilage followed by the intermediate and superficial layers respectively, as the grade of the macroscopic lesion increased. Cartilage injury at the histological level precedes any visible denudation of the femoral head articular cartilage. This study supports the hypothesis that early osteoarthritic changes occur in the deep layer of cartilage near the tide mark and progress superficially concomitant with an overall increase in the osteoarthritic lesion size on the femoral head surface.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cadaver', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chondrocytes', 'Female', 'Femur Head', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orthopedics', 'Osteoarthritis, Hip']
| 16,283,648
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['A11.329.171'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.494'], ['C05.550.114.606.400', 'C05.799.613.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ampicillin and propylthiouracil pharmacokinetics in intestinal bypass patients followed up to a year after operation.
|
The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and prophylthiouracil were studied in 6 and 9 patients, respectively, before and several times up to a year after a shunt operation for extreme obesity. The drugs were given intravenously and orally making it possible to estimate the absolute bioavailability. The bioavailability of propylthiouracil (about 80%) was unchanged by the surgical procedure but the fraction of ampicillin (given as pivampicillin) absorbed decreased from a preoperative value of 109 +/- 44% to 44 +/- 30% 12 months after the bypass operation. Volumes of distribution transiently decreased in the postoperative period for ampicillin. Clearance was initially reduced for both ampicillin and propylthiouracil after operation but returned to normal values a year later. Half-lives of both drugs were unchanged. These results are compared with previous data on pharmacokinetics in intestinal shunt patients and a tabular review is presented. Although no general rules presently emerge from the data available, it seems prudent to closely monitor intestinal shunt patients on drug therapy by both laboratory and clinical methods.
|
['Adult', 'Ampicillin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Jejunum', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Propylthiouracil', 'Time Factors']
| 6,713,763
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.842.708'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of single and dual hydrothermal modifications on the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of normal corn starch.
|
Effect of single and dual hydrothermal modifications with annealing (ANN) and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on molecular structure and physicochemical properties of corn starch was investigated. Normal corn starch was modified by ANN at 70% moisture at 50 degrees C for 24h and HMT at 30% moisture at 120 degrees C for 24h as well as by the combination of ANN and HMT. The apparent amylose content and swelling factor (SF) decreased on ANN and HMT, but amylose leaching (AML) increased. These changes were more pronounced on dual modification. The crystallinity (determined by X-ray diffraction), the gelatinization enthalpy (determined by differential scanning calorimetry) and ratio of 1047 cm(-1)/1022 cm(-1) (determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) slightly increased on ANN and decreased on HMT. The ANN and subsequent HMT (ANN-HMT) resulted in the lowest crystallinity, gelatinization enthalpy and ratio of 1047 cm(-1)/1022 cm(-1). The gelatinization temperature range decreased on ANN but increased on HMT. However, the gelatinization range of dually modified starches (ANN-HMT and HMT-ANN) was between ANN starch and HMT starch. Birefringence remained unchanged on ANN but slightly decreased on HMT as well as dual modification. Average chain length and amount of longer branch chains (DP> or =37) remained almost unchanged on ANN but decreased on HMT and dual modifications (ANN-HMT and HMT-ANN). HMT and dual modifications resulted in highly reduced pasting viscosity. ANN and HMT as well as dual modifications increased RDS content and decreased SDS and RS content.
|
['Amylopectin', 'Amylose', 'Animals', 'Crystallization', 'Enzymes', 'Gelatin', 'Hydrolysis', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Starch', 'Sus scrofa', 'Temperature', 'Water', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 19,136,026
|
[['D09.301.915.194', 'D09.698.365.855.194'], ['D09.301.915.361', 'D09.698.365.855.361'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D08.811'], ['D12.776.860.476'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The MMPI and the MCMI in the evaluation of narcissism in a clinical sample.
|
Narcissistic and nonnarcissistic groups of psychiatric patients (n = 35 in each group) were formed on the basis of a criterion comprised of clinical judgment and scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and compared on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) profiles and on six special narcissism scales. Significant profile differences between narcissists and nonnarcissists were obtained on the MMPI and MCMI. Four of the six narcissism scales produced significant differences between the two groups.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MMPI', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Narcissism', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Disorders', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychometrics']
| 8,473,963
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.647.513.607'], ['F03'], ['F02.739.794.582'], ['F04.513'], ['F03.675'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.711.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Polysomnographic outcomes following lingual tonsillectomy for persistent obstructive sleep apnea in down syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Lingual tonsil hypertrophy is a common cause of persistent airway obstruction in patients with Down syndrome (DS) following adenotonsillectomy (T&A); however, little is known about the effect of lingual tonsillectomy (LT) on polysomnographic outcomes in these patients. Our objective was to describe changes in sleep-related respiratory outcomes following LT in children with DS and persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following T&A.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series.METHODS: We included all children with DS who underwent polysomnography before and after LT at a tertiary care center from 2003 to 2013. Nonparametric analysis of variables was performed.RESULTS: Forty patients with DS underwent LT; 21 met inclusion criteria. The mean age at surgery was 9.3 ± 4.3 years and 47.6% were female. The median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 9.1 events/hour (range, 3.8 to 43.8 events/hour) before surgery and 3.7 events/hour (range, 0.5 to 24.4 events/hour) after surgery. The median improvement in overall AHI and the obstructive AHI (oAHI) were 5.1 events/hour (range, -2.9 to 41) and 5.3 events/hour (range, -2.9 to 41), respectively (P <.0001). The mean oxygen saturation nadir improved from 84% to 89% (P =.004). The mean time with CO2 > 50 mm Hg, central index, and percentage of rapid eye movement sleep were not significantly different. After surgery, the oAHI was <5 events/hour in 61.9% and ?1 in 19% of patients.CONCLUSIONS: In children with DS, persistent OSA after T&A and lingual tonsil hypertrophy, LT significantly improved AHI, oAHI, and O2 saturation nadir. We recommend that children with DS should be evaluated for lingual tonsil hypertrophy if found to have persistent OSA following T&A.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2016 127:520-524, 2017.
|
['Adenoidectomy', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Male', 'Palatine Tonsil', 'Polysomnography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Tongue', 'Tonsillectomy']
| 27,515,709
|
[['E04.580.068'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['A04.623.603.925', 'A10.549.580', 'A14.724.603.925', 'A15.382.520.604.580'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['A03.556.500.885', 'A14.549.885'], ['E04.580.848']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The role of Bax in glutamate-induced nerve cell death.
|
The role of the Bax gene product was examined in three forms of cortical nerve cell death in primary cultures. These include spontaneous cell death, oxidative glutamate toxicity, in which exogenous glutamate inhibits cystine uptake resulting in toxic oxidative stress, and ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity following a brief exposure to 10 microM glutamate. Primary cortical and hippocampal neuron cultures were established from embryos of Bax -/+ x Bax -/+ matings and the embryos genotyped and assayed for cell death in the three experimental paradigms. Cell death induced by oxidative glutamate toxicity and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity was not altered in the Bax -/- homozygous knockout animals. In contrast, there was an approximately 50% inhibition of spontaneous cell death. These results suggest that a classical Bax-dependent apoptotic pathway contributes to the spontaneous cell death that takes place when nerve cells are initially exposed to cell culture conditions. A Bax-dependent programmed cell death pathway is not, however, utilized in oxidative glutamate toxicity and NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity following a brief exposure to low concentrations of glutamate.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Heterozygote', 'Homozygote', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neurons', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Receptors, Glutamate', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Staurosporine', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 11,146,002
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.146'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.450'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['D03.132.436.750', 'D03.633.100.473.144.750', 'D03.633.100.473.402.750', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.750', 'D03.633.300.148.750'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A combination of soft-shell turtle powder and essential oil of a unicellular chorophyte prevents bone loss and decreased bone strength in ovariectomized rats.
|
The effects of soft-shell turtle (Trionyx sinensis) powder (SST) on the proximal tibiae of ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and examination of serum biochemical markers. Considering the relationship between the antioxidative property and antiosteoporotic activity, the synergistic effects of a mixture of SST and essential oil of the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (OHP) with strong antioxidant activity were also examined. Oral administration of SST (100, 200 mg/kg) or a mixture of SST (100, 200 mg/kg) and OHP (13, 26 mg/kg) three times weekly prevented the decrease in bone mineral content (BMC) in total bone, BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) in cortical bone, and bone strength indices induced by ovariectomy in a dose-dependent manner without uterine side effects. However, OHP alone showed no significant effects.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Density', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Eukaryota', 'Female', 'Oils, Volatile', 'Osteoporosis', 'Ovariectomy', 'Powders', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Turtles']
| 15,684,483
|
[['B01.050'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01'], ['D10.627.675'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['D26.255.779'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.848']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of Xenopus gastrulation by ErbB signaling.
|
During Xenopus gastrulation, mesendodermal cells are internalized and display different movements. Head mesoderm migrates along the blastocoel roof, while trunk mesoderm undergoes convergent extension (C&E). Different signals are implicated in these processes. Our previous studies reveal that signals through ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases modulate Xenopus gastrulation, but the mechanisms employed are not understood. Here we report that ErbB signals control both C&E and head mesoderm migration. Inhibition of ErbB pathway blocks elongation of dorsal marginal zone explants and activin-treated animal caps without removing mesodermal gene expression. Bipolar cell shape and cell mixing in the dorsal region are impaired. Inhibition of ErbB signaling also interferes with migration of prechordal mesoderm on fibronectin. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction and cell spreading are reduced when ErbB signaling is blocked. Using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, we show that ErbB4 is involved in Xenopus gastrulation morphogenesis, and it partially regulates cell movements through modulation of cell adhesion and membrane protrusions. Our results reveal for the first time that vertebrate ErbB signaling modulates gastrulation movements, thus providing a novel pathway, in addition to non-canonical Wnt and FGF signals, that controls gastrulation. We further demonstrate that regulation of cell adhesive properties and cell morphology may underlie the functions of ErbBs in gastrulation.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gastrula', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Mesoderm', 'Morphogenesis', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Receptor, ErbB-4', 'Signal Transduction', 'Xenopus']
| 17,134,691
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['A16.441'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['E05.393.475'], ['A16.504.660'], ['G07.345.500'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.600', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.600', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.791', 'D23.101.140.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distinct cortical areas for names of numbers and body parts independent of language and input modality.
|
Some models of word comprehension postulate that the processing of words presented in different modalities and languages ultimately converges toward common cerebral systems associated with semantic-level processing and that the localization of these systems may vary with the category of semantic knowledge being accessed. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate this hypothesis with two categories of words, numerals, and body parts, for which the existence of distinct category-specific areas is debated in neuropsychology. Across two experiments, one with a blocked design and the other with an event-related design, a reproducible set of left-hemispheric parietal and prefrontal areas showed greater activation during the manipulation of topographical knowledge about body parts and a right-hemispheric parietal network during the manipulation of numerical quantities. These results complement the existing neuropsychological and brain-imaging literature by suggesting that within the extensive network of bilateral parietal regions active during both number and body-part processing, a subset shows category-specific responses independent of the language and modality of presentation.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Human Body', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Mental Processes', 'Middle Aged', 'Names', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 10,988,032
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['I01.076.201.450.560', 'K01.093.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['H01.548'], ['F02.463'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.559.598.400.556'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential effects of monocular deprivation seen in different layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
|
Recent investigations have suggested that the morphological effects of monocular deprivation can be explained by a developmental competitive interaction between the pathways from the two eyes. This study presents evidence in the tree shrew for binocular competition and for an unequal effect of such competition on the different layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The effects of monocular deprivation were evaluated by comparing cell size changes in the binocular and monocular segments of the lateral geniculate nucleus in three tree shrews raised with one eye sutured. In two of these animals the open eye was injected with 3H proline in order to identify accurately geniculate layers innervated by the non-deprived eye. Cell sizes in three normal animals and one monocularly enucleated animal were measured for comparison. The results show the following main effects: First, that monocular deprivation significantly changes cell size in the binocular but not the monocular segment of the geniculate nucleus. Comparisons with cell size in normal animals indicates that non-deprived cells may grow in response to deprivation. Second, that cell size in geniculate lamina 3 is not affected by monocular deprivation, suggesting that cells in this layer are morphologically or functionally secluded from competitive interactions affecting the other layers. Finally, that monocular enucleation in the adult tree shrew affects all parts of the geniculate nucleus including layer 3 and the monocular segment, demonstrating that these parts of the geniculate nucleus are responsive to lack of retinal innervation.
|
['Animals', 'Eye', 'Functional Laterality', 'Geniculate Bodies', 'Ocular Physiological Phenomena', 'Strepsirhini', 'Tupaiidae']
| 417,098
|
[['B01.050'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.444'], ['G14'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.996.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The use of multiattribute decision models in evaluating triptan treatment options in migraine.
|
BACKGROUND: The physician treating patients with migraine is now able to choose from among seven triptans-almotriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan and zolmitriptan. These differ, to greater or lesser degrees, on a range of clinical attributes important for treatment selection.OBJECTIVE: To outline the basic principles of Multiattribute Decision Making (MADM) and describe how one such method-TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution)-can be applied to evaluate the currently available triptans.METHODS: In an example application, summary data from a recent meta-analysis of 53 published and unpublished placebo-controlled trials of the oral triptans were combined in TOPSIS models with computer-generated attribute importance weights representing the entire range of possible values, That is, the relative performance of the triptans was explored across all logically possible combinations of relative importance of the treatment attributes available from the meta-analysis, and uncertainty was assessed based on the confidence intervals from the meta-analysis.RESULTS: When compared across the entire range of values for relative attribute importance, almotriptan, eletriptan and rizatriptan were more similar to a hypothetical ideal triptan and were more likely to appear in the top three closest to the hypothetical ideal, than were naratriptan, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan.CONCLUSION: Using the TOPSIS model, almotriptan, eletriptan and rizatriptan were more likely to appear in the top three closest to the hypothetical ideal triptan.
|
['Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Humans', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Tryptamines']
| 15,761,676
|
[['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['D02.092.211.215.801', 'D03.633.100.473.914']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Biotransformations of oxaliplatin in rat blood in vitro.
|
The partitioning and biotransformations of oxaliplatin [trans-l-1,2-diaminocyclohexaneoxalatoplatinum(II)] were investigated in the blood of Wistar male rats in vitro. [3-H]-Oxaliplatin was incubated with rat blood at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 and the concentrations of all Pt complexes containing the [3-H]-dach carrier ligand were followed for up to 12 hours. Decay for both oxaliplatin and Pt-dach in the plasma ultrafiltrate (PUF) was rapid (t 1/2 oxaliplatin = 0.68 h and t 1/2 for Pt-dach in the PUF = 0.85 h). After 9 hours, the concentration of oxaliplatin fell below the detection limit. By 4 hours, the PUF-Pt-dach reached a plateau, which was 12% of total Pt-dach. The binding of Pt-dach to red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma proteins was also very rapid (t 1/2 RBCs = 0.58 h and t 1/2 plasma proteins = 0.78 h) and reached equilibrium by 4 hours. At equilibrium, 35% of total Pt-dach was bound to plasma proteins, 12% was in the plasma ultrafiltrate, and 53% was found associated with RBCs. Of the Pt-dach associated with RBCs, 23% was bound to the RBC membrane, 58% was bound to RBC cytosolic proteins, and 19% was in the RBC cytosol ultrafiltrate. Thus, these studies confirm previous observations of oxaliplatin accumulation by rat RBCs. To better characterize the determinants of this accumulation, oxaliplatin and other Pt-dach complexes were compared with respect to both their uptake by rat RBCs and their partition coefficients in octanol and water. The rank order for the rate of uptake was ormaplatin approximately Pt(dach)Cl2 > oxaliplatin > Pt(dach)(mal); while the rank order for hydrophobicity was ormaplatin > Pt(dach)Cl2 > Pt(dach)(mal) > oxaliplatin. Thus, in general, Pt-dach complexes appeared to be taken up better by RBCs than cisplatin or carboplatin, and the hydrophobicity of most of the Pt-dach complexes appeared to correlate with uptake. However, factors other than the dach carrier ligand and hydrophobicity clearly influence uptake. The biotransformations of oxaliplatin in rat blood were characterized utilizing reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the RBC cytosol, both oxaliplatin and Pt(dach)Cl2 were observed at early times, while Pt(dach)(GSH)2, Pt(dach)(Cys)2, Pt(dach)(GSH), and free dach accumulated and reached steady-state levels by 4 hours. Thus, in the RBC cytosol, only chemically unreactive biotransformation products such as free dach and Pt-dach complexes with cysteine and glutathione accumulated in significant amounts. Furthermore, only Pt(dach)(Cys)2 and free dach appeared to efflux from RBCs. Thus, RBCs do not appear to serve as a reservoir for cytotoxic Pt-dach complexes. Finally, the biotransformation products of oxaliplatin in the plasma were identified as Pt(dach)Cl2, Pt(dach)(Cys)2, Pt(dach)(GSH), Pt(dach)(Met), Pt(dach)(GSH)2, and free dach. Among these compounds, Pt(dach)Cl2 formed transiently, while Pt(dach)(Cys)2, Pt(dach)(Met), and free dach accumulated and were the major biotransformation products by 4 hours. Thus, this study has identified the major inert and reactive biotransformation products of oxaliplatin in both plasma and RBCs and thus provides the information required for detailed pharmacokinetic and biotransformation studies of oxaliplatin. [figure in text]
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Biotransformation', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Half-Life', 'Male', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 10,098,901
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G01.910.405'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of alcohol and extract concentration in beer samples using a combined method of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and refractometry.
|
A new approach of combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and refractometry was developed in this work to determine the concentration of alcohol and real extract in various beer samples. A partial least-squares (PLS) regression, as multivariate calibration method, was used to evaluate the correlation between the data of spectroscopy/refractometry and alcohol/extract concentration. This multivariate combination of spectroscopy and refractometry enhanced the precision in the determination of alcohol, compared to single spectroscopy measurements, due to the effect of high extract concentration on the spectral data, especially of nonalcoholic beer samples. For NIR calibration, two mathematical pretreatments (first-order derivation and linear baseline correction) were applied to eliminate light scattering effects. A sample grouping of the refractometry data was also applied to increase the accuracy of the determined concentration. The root mean squared errors of validation (RMSEV) of the validation process concerning alcohol and extract concentration were 0.23 Mas% (method A), 0.12 Mas% (method B), and 0.19 Mas% (method C) and 0.11 Mas% (method A), 0.11 Mas% (method B), and 0.11 Mas% (method C), respectively.
|
['Beer', 'Ethanol', 'Refractometry', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared']
| 21,090,679
|
[['G07.203.100.100.200', 'G07.203.200.250', 'J02.200.100.200', 'J02.350.250'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E05.196.808', 'H01.671.617.755'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence of cross-fertilization in a gonochoric population of the tadpole shrimp Triops numidicus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Notostraca).
|
Cross-fertilization was evident in a gonochoric population of the notostracan Triops numidicus, in which a thick, hard eggshell had been suspected of preventing the sperm from reaching the egg. Most of the eggs from copulated females hatched into larvae, but the eggs from virgin females did not develop. In the larvae, paternal DNA fragments were detected by AFLP. In histological sections, several spermatozoa were found in the shell of newly oviposited eggs in the brood pouches of copulated females, suggesting that the shell was still soft enough to be penetrated by spermatozoa. These results showed that copulation and subsequent fertilization achieved by penetration of sperm through the newly deposited eggshell were indispensable for the normal development of the eggs.
|
['Animals', 'DNA', 'Decapoda', 'Female', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Oviposition', 'Ovum', 'Sperm-Ovum Interactions', 'Spermatozoa']
| 17,261,925
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G08.686.784.480'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['G08.686.784.277.800'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Semantic priming effects in a lexical decision task: comparing third graders and college students in two different stimulus onset asynchronies.
|
Differences in the semantic priming effect comparing child and adult performance have been found by some studies. However, these differences are not well established, mostly because of the variety of methods used by researchers around the world. One of the main issues concerns the absence of semantic priming effects on children at stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) smaller than 300ms. The aim of this study was to compare the semantic priming effect between third graders and college students at two different SOAs: 250ms and 500ms. Participants performed lexical decisions to targets which were preceded by semantic related or unrelated primes. Semantic priming effects were found at both SOAs in the third graders' group and in college students. Despite the fact that there was no difference between groups in the magnitude of semantic priming effects when SOA was 250ms, at the 500ms SOA their magnitude was bigger in children, corroborating previous studies. Hypotheses which could explain the presence of semantic priming effects in children's performance when SOA was 250ms are discussed, as well as hypotheses for the larger magnitude of semantic priming effects in children when SOA was 500ms.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aging', 'Child', 'Cues', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Paired-Associate Learning', 'Psycholinguistics', 'Reaction Time', 'Semantics', 'Young Adult']
| 22,059,305
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.345.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.425.952.500'], ['F02.694', 'F04.096.586', 'L01.559.598.628'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Context-dependent impairment of recollection in list-method directed forgetting.
|
In list-method directed forgetting, people's ability to forget one of the sets of learned material is examined. Research shows that memory for to-be-forgotten items is impaired when assessed by a recall test and by recognition tests reliant on recollective processes. Retrieval inhibition and context-change mechanisms have been proposed to account for the directed forgetting effects and both of them account for the results obtained with recognition tests. However, the context change account makes a specific prediction that recollection is impaired by directed forgetting only if it makes use of contextual associations. In the present study, directed forgetting was examined with two types of recollection-based tasks making use of different types of associations, namely a list discrimination task utilising contextual associations and an associative recognition task utilising interitem associations. Consistent with the context change account, the costs of directed forgetting were observed in a list discrimination task and were not observed in an associative recognition task. The results indicate that impairment in recollection due to directed forgetting is not general and provide converging evidence to support the context-change account.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Association Learning', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Motivation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Verbal Learning', 'Young Adult']
| 22,862,302
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['F02.463.425.952'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of P2Y(14) protein in platelets and investigation of the role of P2Y(14) in platelet function in comparison with the EP(3) receptor.
|
mRNA encoding the recently discovered P2Y(14) receptor has been reported in platelets, but the presence of P2Y(14) receptor protein and its functionality have not been studied. If P2Y(14) is expressed along with P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors it may have a role in haemostasis. It was the objective of this study to investigate the presence of the P2Y(14) receptor in platelets and its role in platelet function. The effects of the agonist UDP-glucose were compared with those of sulprostone, a selective EP(3) receptor agonist. Expression of P2Y(14) receptor was investigated by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. Platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood was measured using light absorbance and platelet counting. VASP phosphorylation was investigated using flow cytometry. Immunoblotting provided evidence for P2Y(14) receptor protein and microscopy confirmed its presence on platelets. Despite this, UDP-glucose (up to 100 muM) did not induce platelet aggregation in either PRP or whole blood, and did not potentiate aggregation induced by other agonists. P2Y(14) did not substitute for P2Y(12) in experiments using the P2Y(12) antagonist AR-C69931. No effect of UDP-glucose was seen on adenylate cyclase activity as measured by VASP phosphorylation. In contrast, sulprostone acting via the EP(3) receptor promoted platelet aggregation with effects on adenylate cyclase activity. EP(3) also partially substituted for P2Y(12) receptor. We have demonstrated the presence of P2Y(14) receptor protein in platelets, but no contribution of this receptor to several measures of platelet function has been observed. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the P2Y(14) receptor in platelets has any functionality.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Animals', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Dinoprostone', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Count', 'Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Prostaglandin E', 'Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2', 'Uridine Diphosphate Glucose']
| 18,690,346
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.180', 'D13.695.667.138.180', 'D13.695.827.068.180'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.725.200.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.700.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.700.600.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.720', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.600.677.350', 'D09.408.620.569.727.350', 'D13.695.740.850.600.677.350', 'D13.695.827.708.727.350', 'D13.695.827.919.600.677.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolated autosomal dominant type E brachydactyly: exclusion of linkage to candidate regions 2q37 and 20q13.
|
Type E brachydactyly is a digital malformation which characteristically causes an asymmetrical shortening of one or more metacarpals or metatarsals or both. Although commonly seen as part of a syndrome, it can be inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic, the gene acting with variable expressivity, but complete penetrance. As an Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)-like syndrome including brachydactyly type E and mental retardation may be caused by (micro) deletions at chromosome 2q37, this region together with the AHO locus at chromosome 20q13 were considered as candidate loci for brachydactyly type E. In this paper we described a family with isolated autosomal dominant type E brachydactyly in whom molecular analysis excludes linkage to these regions, providing support for further genetic heterogeneity of this trait.
|
['Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Toes']
| 8,933,344
|
[['A11.284.187.520.300.235.245', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.245'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.460.470', 'G05.360.162.520.300.460.470'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['G05.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.673'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Colour vision can contribute to fast corrections of arm movements.
|
Can chromatic information be used for the fast on-line control of action? In order to find out we asked subjects to tap a red square as quickly as possible. In half of the trials the red square's position changed as soon as the subject's hand started to move. We examined how quickly subjects could adjust their movements to this change. In half of the trials there was also a green square of the same luminance as the red one. If there was a green square, and the red square's position changed, the change consisted of the two squares exchanging places, so that all that really changed was the squares' colours. In such cases subjects could not have adjusted their movements without having analysed the colour. Nevertheless, subjects could respond adequately within as little as 120 ms. This was even so if the squares' luminances changed considerably at the moment that the subject's hand started to move. Thus, chromatic information can be used for the fast on-line control of action.
|
['Acceleration', 'Arm', 'Color Perception', 'Feedback', 'Humans', 'Lighting', 'Movement', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Visual Perception']
| 15,167,975
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of hachimi-jio-gan (traditional Chinese medicine) to rat galactosemic cataract.
|
Hachimi-jio-gan (Rehmannia Eight Formula, pa-wei-ti-huang-wan or Bawei dihuang wan) is one of traditional Chinese medicines which has been used for treating various senile disease for a few hundred years. This drug was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy to rat galactosemic cataract from the suppressive rate of variance of some biochemical parameters, whose variation with cataractogenesis or the advance of cataract have been reported already. The dose of 500mg of Hachimi-jio-gan/day/200g of rat body weight suppressed significantly the variations of hydration rate, Na/K ratios, and calcium ion level in the lens with the advance of galactosemic cataract, especially when the drug was administered by the pre- or concurrent-administration before or with 30% of galactose diet respectively. This drug also could delay the progressive rate of lens opacification. However, the drug had no effect to suppress the galactitol accumulation in the lens. From these results, we presume that a drug action of Hachimi-jio-gan may control the balance of sodium, potassium and calcium ions which are important in relation to the maintenance of lens transparency. Then, we realized, that this drug may have a prophylactic efficacy to diabetic cataract, though a more detail study should be needed to apply this drug to human cataract disease.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cataract', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Galactosemias', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sodium', 'Therapeutic Equivalency']
| 3,503,915
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C11.510.245'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.320', 'C16.320.565.189.320', 'C16.320.565.202.355', 'C18.452.132.100.320', 'C18.452.648.189.320', 'C18.452.648.202.355'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G03.787.559', 'G07.690.725.898']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) to guide electrode implantation under general anaesthesia in presurgical assessment of epilepsy.
|
PURPOSE: Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) during intracranial recordings is part of the epilepsy presurgical evaluation protocol at King's College Hospital (London). Epileptiform responses correlated to the stimulus (delayed responses - DRs) tend to occur in areas of seizure onset, thereby allowing interictal identification of epileptogenic cortex in patients suffering refractory epilepsy. This preliminary study investigated the validity of SPES in the operating theatre under general anaesthesia (GA) during the implantation procedure, aiming to improve the positioning of intracranial electrodes.METHODS: Twelve drug-resistant epilepsy patients implanted with depth and/or subdural electrodes were studied. SPES (1 ms pulses, 4-8 mA, 0.2 Hz) was performed during both intra-operative electrode implantation under GA and chronic intracranial ECoG recordings, and the two recordings were compared in terms of cortical responses produced by stimulation and their electrode location.RESULTS: In 8/12 patients, SPES during chronic recordings produced DRs positively correlated to seizure onset and/or early seizure propagation areas. Of those eight patients, four showed DRs during electrode implantation under GA over the same electrode contacts. Among the four patients without DR during GA, three had continuous localized spontaneous epileptiform discharges, which made interpretation of SPES responses unreliable.CONCLUSION: This study showed that, under GA, DRs can be reliably replicated, without false positive epileptiform responses to SPES, although the method's sensitivity is greatly reduced by spontaneous discharges. Results support SPES as a complementary technique that can be used to improve electrode placement during epilepsy surgery when no profound interictal activity is present.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Child', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Preoperative Period']
| 23,298,606
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.937', 'N02.421.585.753.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prenatal Contraceptive Counseling by Video.
|
OBJECTIVE: Effective postpartum contraception can improve interpregnancy intervals. Opportunities exist for counseling and education during prenatal care. Few studies have assessed the use of multimedia as a tool to improve long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use postpartum. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether LARC-focused video counseling during prenatal care increases uptake of postpartum LARC and overall contraception use.METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, women receiving their prenatal care at a university-based resident clinic were randomized to receive LARC FIRST video contraceptive counseling along with routine prenatal care or routine prenatal care alone. All of the participants received information regarding access to free LARC methods in the postpartum period. The primary outcome was LARC uptake by 12 weeks postpartum. Secondary outcomes included overall contraception use at 12 weeks postpartum, postpartum visit attendance, and acceptability of video counseling.RESULTS: LARC use at 12 weeks postpartum rose from an estimated 6% preintervention to 39.4% (13/33) in the video group compared with 29.4% (10/34) of the control group. The difference between groups was not statistically significant. Although overall contraceptive use (72.7% vs 54.8%) and postpartum visit attendance (91% vs. 76.5%) were higher in the video group relative to the control group, these differences were not statistically significant. Participants overwhelmingly liked the video (95.2%, 41/42) and believed viewing it was a good use of their appointment time (92%, 38/42).CONCLUSIONS: LARC use increased 32% across the entire study cohort; however, video-based contraceptive counseling did not increase LARC uptake at 12 weeks postpartum compared with routine prenatal care alone. Patients viewing the video reported high levels of acceptability and improved contraceptive knowledge. Video counseling may be a useful adjunct in many clinical settings.
|
['Adult', 'Birth Intervals', 'Contraception', 'Counseling', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Family Planning Services', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Long-Acting Reversible Contraception', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Care', 'Video Recording', 'Young Adult']
| 30,608,623
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.361.150', 'N01.224.361.150'], ['E02.875.194'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.875.194.589'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['L01.280.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Serum mitochondrial biomarkers and damage-associated molecular patterns are higher in acetaminophen overdose patients with poor outcome.
|
UNLABELLED: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Numerous studies have shown that APAP hepatotoxicity in mice involves mitochondrial dysfunction, and recent data suggest that this is also the case in humans. We have previously shown that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA (nDNA) fragments can be measured in circulation of overdose patients as mechanistic biomarkers of mitochondrial damage and damage-associated molecular patterns. In the present study, our aim was to determine whether these biomarkers are higher in serum from nonsurvivors of APAP-induced ALF (AALF), compared to survivors. GDH, mtDNA, and nDNA fragments were measured in serum from AALF patients who did (n = 34) or did not (n = 35) recover. Importantly, all three were significantly increased in patients who died, compared to those who survived (GDH: 450 ± 73 vs. 930 ± 145 U/L; mtDNA: 21 ± 6 vs. 48 ± 13 and 33 ± 10 vs. 43 ± 7 ng/mL for two different genes; nDNA fragments: 148 ± 13 vs. 210 ± 13% of control). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that nDNA fragments, GDH, and mtDNA were predictive of outcome (area under the curve [AUC], study admission: 0.73, 0.70, and 0.71 or 0.76, respectively, P < 0.05; AUC, time of peak ALT: 0.78, 0.71, and 0.71 or 0.76, respectively, P < 0.05), and the results were similar to those from the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD; AUC, peak MELD: 0.77; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that patients with more mitochondrial damage are less likely to survive, demonstrating that mitochondria are central in the mechanisms of APAP hepatotoxicity in humans. Clinically, serum nDNA fragments, GDH, and mtDNA could be useful as part of a panel of biomarkers to predict patient outcome. (Hepatology 2014;60:1336-1345).
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'DNA', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Glutamate Dehydrogenase', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 24,923,598
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tissue engineering of heart valves: in vitro experiences.
|
BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is a new approach, whereby techniques are being developed to transplant autologous cells onto biodegradable scaffolds to ultimately form new functional tissue in vitro and in vivo. Our laboratory has focused on the tissue engineering of heart valves, and we have fabricated a trileaflet heart valve scaffold from a biodegradable polymer, a polyhydroxyalkanoate. In this experiment we evaluated the suitability of this scaffold material as well as in vitro conditioning to create viable tissue for tissue engineering of a trileaflet heart valve.METHODS: We constructed a biodegradable and biocompatible trileaflet heart valve scaffold from a porous polyhydroxyalkanoate (Meatabolix Inc, Cambridge, MA). The scaffold consisted of a cylindrical stent (1 x 15 x 20 mm inner diameter) and leaflets (0.3 mm thick), which were attached to the stent by thermal processing techniques. The porous heart valve scaffold (pore size 100 to 240 microm) was seeded with vascular cells grown and expanded from an ovine carotid artery and placed into a pulsatile flow bioreactor for 1, 4, and 8 days. Analysis of the engineered tissue included biochemical examination, enviromental scanning electron microscopy, and histology.RESULTS: It was possible to create a trileaflet heart valve scaffold from polyhydroxyalkanoate, which opened and closed synchronously in a pulsatile flow bioreactor. The cells grew into the pores and formed a confluent layer after incubation and pulsatile flow exposure. The cells were mostly viable and formed connective tissue between the inside and the outside of the porous heart valve scaffold. Additionally, we demonstrated cell proliferation (DNA assay) and the capacity to generate collagen as measured by hydroxyproline assay and movat-stained glycosaminoglycans under in vitro pulsatile flow conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Polyhydroxyalkanoates can be used to fabricate a porous, biodegradable heart valve scaffold. The cells appear to be viable and extracellular matrix formation was induced after pulsatile flow exposure.
|
['Animals', 'Biomedical Engineering', 'Bioprosthesis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Techniques', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Sheep']
| 10,921,698
|
[['B01.050'], ['H02.070', 'J01.293.140'], ['E07.695.100'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500'], ['E07.695.310'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: 12-year follow-up cohort study in a biracial community.
|
We assessed the pattern of acquisition and loss of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of 212 children from a biracial community with a homogeneous socioeconomic class. The children were followed over 12 years (1973-1974 to 1985-1986) from childhood to young adulthood. H. pylori status was assessed by the presence of serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori. At ages 7-9, 19% of children had H. pylori infection (40% of blacks vs. 11% of whites; P = .0001); 12 years later, 33% were seropositive. The higher prevalence among blacks remained (P = .0001). During follow-up, 22% of children became infected; the rate of acquisition was fourfold greater among blacks than among whites (P = .001). Over the 12-year period, infection was lost in 50% of whites compared with 4% of blacks who either remained infected or became reinfected. H. pylori infection in childhood is affected by both acquisition and loss of infection in different ethnic groups. This observation is critical for understanding the epidemiology and transmission of H. pylori infection.
|
['Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Sex Factors']
| 10,064,244
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nutrient content of the diet when the fat is reduced.
|
When the fat content of the typical US diet was reduced from 40 to 44% of total energy (en %) to approximately 25 en % there was a marked improvement in the overall nutrient content of the diet. Cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid intake were decreased and the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was moderately increased. This kind of dietary change was achieved without changing the usual intake of meats, dairy products, fish, and eggs. As the amount of fat was decreased, carbohydrates in the form of grains, fruits, and vegetables were increased, providing an improvement in the vitamin and mineral content of the diet. Vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B-6, B-12, and folates increased in the 25 en % diet. Potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and copper intake also increased when the dietary fat decreased.
|
['Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Dietary Fats', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Energy Intake', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Humans', 'Minerals', 'Nutritive Value', 'Vitamins']
| 2,844,078
|
[['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G03.295'], ['D10.251.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.578'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus study of the radioadaptive response of lymphocytes of individuals occupationally exposed to chronic doses of radiation.
|
Human lymphocytes pre-exposed to very low doses of ionizing radiation show an adaptive response, which make these cells less sensitive to subsequent higher exposures. To verify the hypothesis that a similar phenomenon can be induced by occupationally (in vivo) received doses of ionizing radiation, the cytogenetic responses of 24 medical radiation workers to 1 and 2 Gy gamma-irradiation in comparison with 13 non-exposed individuals have been studied. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay of lymphocytes revealed that although the frequencies of spontaneous micronuclei in radiation workers are more than non-exposed individuals, after 1 and 2 Gy in vitro irradiation of lymphocytes this frequency was found to be lower for radiation workers. The results suggest the existence of an in vivo adaptive response in individuals chronically exposed to low dose radiation. The observation of radioresistance to higher doses of radiation in pre-exposed lymphocytes might be due to initial DNA damage and an induced DNA repair mechanism.
|
['Adult', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Female', 'Gamma Rays', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Maximum Allowable Concentration', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Radiology', 'Technology, Radiologic', 'X-Rays']
| 9,800,192
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['N06.850.460.350.210', 'N06.850.460.350.600.615'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['H02.403.740'], ['E05.920', 'H02.010.850', 'J01.897.891'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Motor unit activity, force steadiness, and perceived fatigability are correlated with mobility in older adults.
|
The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between the performance of older adults on four tests of mobility and the physical capabilities of the lower leg muscles. The assessments included measures of muscle strength, muscle activation, and perceived fatigability. Muscle activation was quantified as the force fluctuations-a measure of force steadiness-and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles during submaximal isometric contractions. Perceived fatigability was measured as the rating of perceived exertion achieved during a test of walking endurance. Twenty participants (73 ± 4 yr) completed one to four evaluation sessions that were separated by at least 3 wk. The protocol included a 400-m walk, a 10-m walk at maximal and preferred speeds, a chair-rise test, and the strength, force steadiness, and discharge characteristics of motor units detected by high-density electromyography of lower leg muscles. Multiple-regression analyses yielded statistically significant models that explained modest amounts of the variance in the four mobility tests. The variance explained by the regression models was 39% for 400-m walk time, 33% for maximal walk time, 42% for preferred walk time, and 27% for chair-rise time. The findings indicate that differences in mobility among healthy older adults were partially associated with the level of perceived fatigability (willingness of individuals to exert themselves) achieved during the test of walking endurance and the discharge characteristics of soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior motor units during steady submaximal contractions with the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Differences among healthy older adults in walking endurance, walking speed, and ability to rise from a chair can be partially explained by the performance capabilities of lower leg muscles. Assessments comprised the willingness to exert effort (perceived fatigability) and the discharge times of action potentials by motor units in calf muscles during submaximal isometric contractions. These findings indicate that the nervous system contributes significantly to differences in mobility among healthy older adults.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Perception', 'Recruitment, Neurophysiological']
| 30,044,670
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['G11.427.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['F02.463.593'], ['G07.265.753.760', 'G11.561.601.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Formation of heterocyclic amines during cooking of duck meat.
|
Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are an important class of food mutagens and carcinogens produced in meat cooked at high temperature. In the present study, the effects of various cooking methods: boiling, microwave cooking, charcoal-grilling, roasting, deep-frying and pan-frying on the formation of HAs in duck breast were studied. The various HAs formed during cooking were isolated by solid-phase extraction and analysed by HPLC. Results showed that both the varieties and contents of HAs and the cooking loss of duck breast increase along with increasing cooking temperature and time. Pan-fried duck breasts contained the highest amount of total HAs, followed by charcoal-grilling, deep-frying, roasting, microwave cooking and boiling. 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharman) and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harman) were detected in all of the cooked duck meat, with levels in the range of 0.1-33 ng g⁻?. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-f]pyridine (PhIP) was formed easily in duck meat cooked by pan-frying and charcoal-grilling in the range of 0.9-17.8 ng g⁻?. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was identified in duck meat cooked by charcoal-grilling and pan-frying, in the range of 0.4-4.2 ng g⁻?. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was detected in amounts below 4.5 ng g⁻? in duck meat cooked by charcoal-grilling, roasting, deep-frying and pan-frying. The other HAs were detected in amounts below 10 ng g⁻?. Colour development increased with cooking temperature, but no correlation with HAs' content was observed.
|
['Amines', 'Animals', 'Carbolines', 'China', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cooking', 'Ducks', 'Food Contamination', 'Harmine', 'Heterocyclic Compounds', 'Hot Temperature', 'Imidazoles', 'Maillard Reaction', 'Meat', 'Microwaves', 'Mutagens', 'Quinolines', 'Quinoxalines', 'Solid Phase Extraction', 'Time Factors']
| 22,838,849
|
[['D02.092'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.725.150', 'D03.633.100.473.155', 'D03.633.300.154'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['D03.132.436.384.500', 'D03.633.100.473.402.222.500', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.384.500', 'D03.633.300.154.344'], ['D03'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['G02.607.522'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['E05.196.155.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Ischemic necrosis of small bowel following laparoscopic surgery.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Small bowel ischemia following laparoscopy was described recently as a rare fatal complication of the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Of the 8 cases reported in the surgical literature, 7 were fatal, 1 was not. In this report, we describe the first gynecological case.METHODS: A 34-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopy with extensive adhesiolysis and myolysis was re-admitted with an acute abdomen on postoperative day 4. Immediate laparotomy revealed acute peritonitis, extensive adhesions, and a 3-cm defect in the small bowel. Tissue examination showed ischemic necrosis of edematous, but essentially normal, bowel mucosa. The postoperative course was extremely complicated. She was discharged after a 2-month hospital stay in the intensive care unit for rehabilitation.RESULTS: Data are available on 7 patients (including ours). All procedures were described as uneventful. The intraabdominal pressure was set at 15 mm Hg when specified. Some abdominal pain occurred in all, nausea and vomiting in 4, diarrhea in 2, abdominal distention in 1, fever in none. Quick reintervention laparotomy was performed in 2 and delayed in 5 (up to 4 days).DISCUSSION: The CO2 pneumoperitoneum is a predisposing factor for intestinal ischemia as it reduces cardiac output and splanchnic blood flow. However, critical ischemia relies on underlying vasculopathy or an inciting event.CONCLUSION: Patient selection, maintaining intraabdominal pressure at 15 mm Hg or less, and intermittent decompression of the gas represent the best options for preventing this complication.
|
['Adult', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Female', 'Gases', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Intestine, Small', 'Ischemia', 'Laparoscopy', 'Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial', 'Tissue Adhesions']
| 15,119,662
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D01.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['C23.550.513'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E01.370.388.605'], ['C23.550.355.274.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrafast dynamics through conical intersections and intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in styrene.
|
We report a femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) investigation of internal conversion in the first two excited singlet electronic states of styrene. We find that radiationless decay through an S(1)/S(0) conical intersection occurs on a timescale of ?4 ps following direct excitation to S(1) with 0.6 eV excess energy, but that the same process is significantly slower (?20 ps) if it follows internal conversion from S(2) to S(1) after excitation to S(2) with 0.3 eV excess energy (0.9 eV excess energy in S(1)).
|
['Algorithms', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Lasers', 'Models, Molecular', 'Photoelectron Spectroscopy', 'Styrene', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 21,069,216
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.196.867.618'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on cytokine gene expression in activated murine peritoneal macrophages.
|
The intrinsic resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) of murine peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) obtained after in vivo infection of different stimuli has been investigated and shown to vary depending on the state of M phi activation. Activation of M phi by C. parvum (CP-M phi) or by an avirulent strain of S. typhimurium (Sal-M phi) increased the permissiveness of M phi to HSV-1 infection as evidenced by increased HSV-1 immediate early (IE) gene expression, synthesis of IE proteins, and the degree of cytopathic effect. HSV-1 infection was also found to sharply reduce the level of IL-1-beta mRNA in CP-M phi) and Sal-M phi, and the level of IL-3 mRNA in infected Sal-M phi, as measured by northern blot hybridization. Barely detectable levels of IL-beta mRNA were found in Sal-M phi after infection with HSV-1 when the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to confirm the reduction of IL-1-beta mRNA. These data suggest that HSV-1 infection can modulate gene expression of some cytokines in the activated M phi.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-3', 'Interleukins', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Vero Cells']
| 1,514,441
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.297'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.400', 'D12.644.276.374.465.032', 'D12.776.395.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.032', 'D23.529.374.410.240.400', 'D23.529.374.465.169'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antibody-dependent enhancement infection facilitates dengue virus-regulated signaling of IL-10 production in monocytes.
|
BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-10 levels are increased in dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients with severe disorders. A hypothetical intrinsic pathway has been proposed for the IL-10 response during antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of DENV infection; however, the mechanisms of IL-10 regulation remain unclear.PRINCIPLE FINDING: We found that DENV infection and/or attachment was sufficient to induce increased expression of IL-10 and its downstream regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in human monocytic THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes. IL-10 production was controlled by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB), primarily through protein kinase A (PKA)- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PKB-regulated pathways, with PKA activation acting upstream of PI3K/PKB. DENV infection also caused glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3â inactivation in a PKA/PI3K/PKB-regulated manner, and inhibition of GSK-3â significantly increased DENV-induced IL-10 production following CREB activation. Pharmacological inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activity significantly decreased DENV-induced IL-10 production, whereas silencing Syk-associated C-type lectin domain family 5 member A caused a partial inhibition. ADE of DENV infection greatly increased IL-10 expression by enhancing Syk-regulated PI3K/PKB/GSK-3â/CREB signaling. We also found that viral load, but not serotype, affected the IL-10 response. Finally, modulation of IL-10 expression could affect DENV replication.SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate that, in monocytes, IL-10 production is regulated by ADE through both an extrinsic and an intrinsic pathway, all involving a Syk-regulated PI3K/PKB/GSK-3â/CREB pathway, and both of which impact viral replication.
|
['Antibody-Dependent Enhancement', 'Cell Line', 'Dengue', 'Dengue Virus', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-10', 'Monocytes', 'Signal Transduction', 'Virus Replication']
| 25,412,261
|
[['G06.920.095', 'G12.113'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C01.920.500.270', 'C01.925.081.270', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214', 'C01.925.782.417.214'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of heme oxygenase-1 in hydrogen peroxide-induced VEGF synthesis: effect of HO-1 knockout.
|
Hydrogen peroxide is an important mediator of intracellular signaling, which potently enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and upregulates synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The purpose of the present study was to explore the involvement of HO-1 in regulation of H(2)O(2)-mediated induction of VEGF synthesis. We provide genetic evidence that basal and H(2)O(2)-induced VEGF synthesis is partially dependent on HO-1. Inhibition of HO-1 activity by tin protoporphyrin (SnPPIX) resulted in downregulation of VEGF synthesis in murine fibroblasts and human keratinocytes. The relationship between HO-1 and VEGF was corroborated by using cells derived from HO-1 knockout mice, which demonstrated lower basal and H(2)O(2)-induced production of VEGF. Additionally, knock out of HO-1 gene impaired induction of VEGF by hemin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and prostaglandin-J(2). Our results provide confirmation for the involvement of HO-1 in regulation of angiogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)', 'Heme Oxygenase-1', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 15,596,152
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid and evidence for a 9,11-endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 reductase in Leishmania.
|
Lysates of Leishmania promastigotes can metabolise arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Prostaglandin production was heat sensitive and not inhibited by aspirin or indomethacin. We cloned and sequenced the cDNA of Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani, and Leishmania tropica prostaglandin F(2alpha) synthase, and overexpressed their respective 34-kDa recombinant proteins that catalyse the reduction of 9,11-endoperoxide PGH(2) to PGF(2alpha). Database search and sequence alignment alignment showed that L. major prostaglandin F(2alpha) synthase exhibits 61, 99.3, and 99.3% identity with Trypanosoma brucei, L. donovani, and L. tropica prostaglandin F(2alpha) synthase, respectively. Using polymerase chain reaction amplification, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence, we have demonstrated that prostaglandin F(2alpha) synthase protein and gene are present in Old World and absent in New World Leishmania, and that this protein is localised to the promastigote cytosol.
|
['Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases', 'Leishmania', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prostaglandin H2', 'Prostaglandins', 'Prostaglandins H', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Trypanosoma brucei brucei']
| 12,464,415
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.375'], ['B01.268.475.868.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.744.650.500', 'D01.339.431.374.744.650.500', 'D01.650.550.750.700.650.500', 'D02.389.338.638.650.500', 'D10.251.355.255.550.025.650.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.025.650.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.744.650', 'D01.339.431.374.744.650', 'D01.650.550.750.700.650', 'D02.389.338.638.650', 'D10.251.355.255.550.025.650', 'D23.469.050.175.725.025.650'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.080']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular characterisation and genetic variation of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus infection in captive young Asian elephants in Thailand.
|
Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) is emerging as a new threat for elephant conservation, since being identified as the cause of severe, often fatal, haemorrhagic disease in young Asian elephants. To describe positive cases and the molecular relatedness of virus detected in elephants in Thailand, we re-examined all available of EEHV samples occurring in young elephants in Thailand between 2006 and 2014 (n=24). Results indicated 75% (18/24) of suspected cases were positive for EEHV by semi-nested PCR. Further gene analysis identified these positive cases as EEHV1A (72%, 13/18 cases), EEHV1B (11%, 2/18) and EEHV4 (17%, 3/18). This study is the first to phylogenetically analyse and provide an overview of most of the known EEHV cases that have occurred in Thailand. Positive individuals ranged in age from one to nine years, with no sex association detected, and occurred across geographical locations throughout the country. All individuals, except one, were captive-born. No history of direct contact among the cases was recorded, and this together with the fact that various subtype clusters of virus were found, implied that none of the positive cases were epidemiologically related. These results concur with the hypothesis that EEHV1 is likely to be an ancient endogenous pathogen in Asian elephants. It is recommended that active surveillance and routine monitoring for EEHV should be undertaken in all elephant range countries, to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology, transmission and prevention of this disease.
|
['Animal Diseases', 'Animals', 'Elephants', 'Female', 'Genes, Viral', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Herpesviridae', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Male', 'Phylogeny', 'Thailand']
| 27,503,594
|
[['C22'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.833.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.280.382'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Diagnostic value of dimerix myelography in postoperative patients].
|
Myelography with dimerix was performed and postoperative changes were studied in 88 cases after operations on the intervertebral disks in the lumbar region. The informative value of myelography in recurrence of Schmorl's body is discussed. The use of myelography with a water-soluble contrast medium is indicated in aggravation after the operation. It is not always possible to make a differential diagnosis between a recurrent prolapse of the disk and a postoperative scar formed at the site of the operation.
|
['Adult', 'Arachnoiditis', 'Cicatrix', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Iothalamic Acid', 'Male', 'Meglumine', 'Meningocele', 'Middle Aged', 'Myelography', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Recurrence', 'Sorbitol', 'Spinal Osteophytosis', 'Tissue Adhesions']
| 7,468,017
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.614.097'], ['A10.165.450.300', 'C23.550.355.274', 'G16.762.891.249'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.430', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.430'], ['D02.033.800.813.550', 'D09.067.342.600', 'D09.853.813.550'], ['C10.500.680.598', 'C16.131.666.680.598', 'C23.300.707.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.505', 'E01.370.350.700.560.505', 'E01.370.376.537.750.505', 'E05.629.937.505'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['D02.033.800.813', 'D09.853.813'], ['C05.116.900.815'], ['C23.550.355.274.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Capsosomes as Long-Term Delivery Vehicles for Protein Therapeutics.
|
We report the preparation of polymer capsules containing liposomal subcompartments, termed capsosomes, and their ability for the sustained delivery of protein therapeutics. Capsosomes were formed through the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polymers and protein-loaded liposomes, followed by the formation of a capsule membrane based on disulfide cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid). The loading capacities of a model cargo (lysozyme) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important neurotrophin that has significant physiological functions on the nervous system, were determined, and the long-term release kinetics of the proteins was investigated in simulated physiological conditions. The capsosomes exhibited protein loading and release behavior that can be tuned by the lipid composition of the liposomal compartments, where inclusion of anionic lipids resulted in enhanced protein loading and slower release over the course of 80 days. These findings highlight the potential of capsosomes for the long-term delivery of protein therapeutics.
|
['Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Capsules', 'Disulfides', 'Drug Liberation', 'Glycerophospholipids', 'Liposomes', 'Muramidase', 'Polymethacrylic Acids']
| 26,155,947
|
[['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['D26.255.150'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of compound and cross-modal training on postoperative visual relearning of visual decorticate rats.
|
The effects of postoperative bimodal compound conditioning and cross-modal transfer of learning on behavior were compared by training rats prior to visual decortication to avoid shock with visual intensity cues. On Postop Day 6, rats were given avoidance training in one of three cue conditions: auditory intensity cues (cross-modal), paired auditory and visual cues (compound conditioning), or no cues (no-training control). On Postop Day 7 rats in the no-training control and the cross-modal transfer conditions were retrained with the visual discrimination while rats in the compound conditioning group were either retrained with the visual intensity cue or trained with the auditory intensity cue. Postoperative cross-modal transfer training enhanced visual relearning whereas bimodal compound conditioning interfered with relearning. However, compound conditioning facilitated subsequent auditory discrimination learning. These results support the notion of an injury-induced neurological bias that is increased after bimodal compound conditioning and reduced after cross-modal training. Potential implications for neurological rehabilitation are also discussed.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Cues', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Electroshock', 'Lighting', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Perception']
| 8,883,825
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['E05.723.402.403', 'F04.669.224'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Percutaneous intratumoral injection of cisplatin microspheres in tumor-bearing rats to diminish acute nephrotoxicity.
|
Poly(D,L-lactide) microspheres loaded with cisplatin (PLA-CDDP MS) were prepared by a solvent evaporation technique for direct intratumoral injection. The microspheres, 50-100 microns, containing 40.04% of cisplatin produce sustained release in vitro. PLA-CDDP MS (6 mg/kg body weight of cisplatin) suspensions were injected intratumorally into mammary tumors in rats. Cisplatin solution (6 mg/kg body weight) was injected either intratumorally or intraperitoneally in two groups. After treatments, the tumor size decreased in each of the groups as a function of time. Sixteen days post-injection, the tumors had either disappeared or significantly shrunk. PLA-CDDP MS had a similar antitumor effect compared with cisplatin aqueous solution. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and histopathology examinations revealed that the renal toxicity in the PLA-CDDP MS group was significantly less than in the control groups. These results indicate that intratumoral injection of PLA-CDDP MS maintains anticancer potency and reduces acute renal toxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cisplatin', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Injections, Intralesional', 'Kidney', 'Microspheres', 'Rats']
| 8,740,729
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['E02.319.267.530.430'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E07.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pitfalls in computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses.
|
The advent of functional endoscopic sinus surgery has created the need for high-quality radiographic images to assess the paranasal sinuses, document the detailed anatomy of the lateral nasal wall and provide an anatomical map allowing safe functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This paper will discuss our experience of 410 paranasal sinus coronal CT scans performed by the technique described by Zinreich prior to consideration of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The main indications for the scans were acute recurrent sinusitis, abnormal diagnostic nasal endoscopic examination and persistent facial pain. We will consider both the radiological and surgical difficulties that have arisen from the use of this technique and highlight some of the methods to avoid these difficulties. Claustrophobia and limitation of neck movements, particularly in patients over the age of 60, were the most common factors leading to suboptimal scans. Ensuring that the patient was in a symptom-free interval, the differential diagnosis of the opacified paranasal sinus and patients with gross polypoid disease created the most difficulty in interpretation. The anatomical assessment of the frontal recess and the identification of the optic nerve posterolateral to the posterior ethmoidal cell have created the greatest anatomical difficulty.
|
['Artifacts', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Endoscopy', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Sinusitis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 1,774,800
|
[['E05.047'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The relationship of coffee and green tea consumption with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women.
|
BACKGROUND: Circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) is a good marker of chronic low-grade inflammation. The few studies that have addressed the relationship between coffee consumption and CRP concentrations report inconsistent findings. The authors of this study examined the relationship between coffee and green tea consumption and serum concentrations of CRP, and the interaction with alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity in a large population of free-living Japanese men and women.METHODS: Study subjects were 10,325 men and women, 49-76 years of age, living in Fukuoka City who participated in a baseline survey of a cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases. Coffee and green tea consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were also included.RESULTS: CRP concentrations were progressively lower with increasing levels of coffee consumption, after adjustment for smoking and other covariates (p for trend=0.03) in men, but not in women. Stratified analysis indicated that this inverse association was primarily limited to men with a high consumption of alcohol (> or =50 g/day). Green tea consumption showed no measurable relationship with CRP concentrations in either men or women.CONCLUSIONS: Coffee may be protective specifically against alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation. Further studies are warranted in different populations.
|
['Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Body Mass Index', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Coffee', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Japan', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Smoking', 'Tea']
| 20,441,477
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.805'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibition of myelopoiesis by conditioned medium from cultured canine thymic cells exposed to estrogen.
|
Therapeutic doses of estrogens can cause fatal bone marrow damage in dogs, which are more sensitive than other species to these myelotoxic effects. Investigations with mice indicated that estrogens did not directly damage the bone marrow progenitor cells, but that the thymus responded to estrogen by producing a factor that inhibited bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell replication. A similar estrogen-induced myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor was produced by canine thymic cells in culture. This canine factor was more inhibitory to myelopoiesis than was the murine factor. Canine bone marrow progenitor cell growth was not significantly inhibited by direct estrogen treatment, which supported evidence for indirect thymus mediation of estrogen toxicity in vivo. Estrogen receptors were detected in canine nonlymphoid thymic cells by use of immunocytochemical staining. These findings indicate that the high estrogen sensitivity of dogs may relate to greater estrogen-induced myelopoiesis-inhibition by the thymus.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Marrow Diseases', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Thymus Gland']
| 8,214,911
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C15.378.190'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antibodies to protein P in systemic lupus erythematosus.
|
A synthetic peptide was used to develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to the ribosomal proteins P0, P1, and P2. Significantly increased levels of IgG antibodies to protein P were found in 16% (18/116) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but slightly increased levels were detected in 2% (2/98) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and one normal control subject. No association was observed between the presence of IgG antibodies to protein P and either lupus psychosis or depression. Sequential studies in individual patients failed to show an association between antibody levels and the development of psychosis.
|
['Antibodies', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Blotting, Western', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mental Disorders', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Ribosomal Proteins']
| 1,586,246
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['G12.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['F03'], ['C10'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.776.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transfected DNA is mutated in monkey, mouse, and human cells.
|
Papovavirus-based shuttle vectors containing the bacterial lacI gene were used to show that a mutation frequency in the range of 1% occurs in lacI when such vectors are transfected into COS7 and CV-1 simian cells, NIH 3T3, 3T6, L, and C127 mouse cells, and human 293 and HeLa cells. This frequency is approximately four orders of magnitude higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency in either mammalian or bacterial cells. The mutations are predominantly base substitutions and deletions and also include insertions from the mammalian genome. Time course experiments argue that mutagenesis occurs soon after arrival of the DNA into the nucleus. However, replication of the vector is not required since mutations occur even when the vector lacks all viral sequences. The high mutation frequency appears to be the characteristic outcome of transfection of DNA into mammalian cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'DNA, Viral', 'Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI', 'Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific', 'Haplorhini', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Simian virus 40', 'Transfection']
| 6,095,032
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D08.811.150.280.260.300', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260.250', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260.250'], ['D08.811.150.280.260', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determinants of Drosophila fushi tarazu mRNA instability.
|
The fushi tarazu gene is essential for the establishment of the Drosophila embryonic body plan. When first expressed in early embryogenesis, fushi tarazu mRNA is uniformly distributed over most of the embryo. Subsequently, fushi tarazu mRNA expression rapidly evolves into a pattern of seven stripes that encircle the embryo. The instability of fushi tarazu mRNA is probably crucial for attaining this localized pattern of expression. mRNA stability in transgenic embryos was measured by a new method that does not use drugs or external interference. Experiments using hybrid genes that fuse fushi tarazu sequences to those of the stable ribosomal protein A1 mRNA provide evidence for at least two destabilizing elements in the fushi tarazu mRNA, one located within the 5' one-third of the mRNA and the other near the 3' end (termed FIE3 for ftz instability element 3'). The FIE3 lies within a 201-nucleotide sequence just upstream of the polyadenylation signal and can act autonomously to destabilize a heterologous mRNA. Further deletion constructs identified an essential 68-nucleotide element within the FIE3. Lack of homology between this element and other previously identified destabilization sequences suggests that FIE3 contains a novel RNA destabilization element.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Insect', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 8,649,416
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['D12.776.260.400.155', 'D12.776.930.312'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for modulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by nitric oxide in vitro.
|
Acute effects of the nitric oxide (NO) donors sodium nitroprusside and glyceryl trinitrate on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced increases in endothelial monolayer permeability to trypan blue-labelled bovine serum albumin have been investigated in vitro. Exposure of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers to 0.2 mM H2O2 for 20 min caused a significant increase in percentage trypan blue-labelled albumin transfer from the lumenal to the ablumenal compartment (basal 6.0 +/- 0.6 to 25.4 +/- 0.9%, n = 4, P < 0.0005). In separate experiments 100 microM sodium nitroprusside significantly enhanced the effect of 0.2 mM H2O2 (from 7.4 +/- 1.4 to 11.9 +/- 1.5%, n = 9, P < 0.0001) but did not alter albumin transfer in the absence of H2O2. This additive effect appeared to be due to NO release from sodium nitroprusside, since nitrite concentration in the medium overlying cells treated with 100 microM sodium nitroprusside was 19.9 +/- 1.8 microM (n = 12). Significantly less nitrite (3.5 +/- 0.5 microM, n = 12, P < 0.0001) was found in the medium overlying cells treated with 100 microM glyceryl trinitrate, which in contrast to sodium nitroprusside, inhibited the permeability increase caused by H2O2 (from 15.6 +/- 3.3 to 13.8 +/- 3.1%, n = 6, P < 0.001). Furthermore 10 microM sodium nitroprusside, which released comparable amount of nitrite (4.5 +/- 0.4 microM, n = 6) to 100 microM glyceryl trinitrate, also inhibited the permeability increase caused by H2O2 (from 20.7 +/- 0.4 to 19.4 +/- 0.3%, n = 9, P < 0.01). We conclude that relatively large amounts of NO released from 100 microM sodium nitroprusside exacerbate the barrier dysfunction caused by H2O2, while lower amounts of NO give a small amount of cytoprotection.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitrites', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Nitroprusside', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Trypan Blue']
| 8,832,226
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['D02.640.636'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D02.172.975', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.875', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.875', 'D04.615.638.555.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Post-transplant survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients concurrently listed for single and double lung transplantation.
|
BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is a widely accepted treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there are conflicting data on whether double lung transplant (DLT) or single lung transplant (SLT) is the superior therapy in these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether actuarial post-transplant graft survival among IPF patients concurrently listed for DLT and SLT is greater for recipients undergoing the former or the latter.METHODS: The United Network for Organ Sharing provided de-identified patient-level data. Analysis included lung transplant candidates with IPF listed between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2009 (n = 3,411). The study population included 1,001 (29.3%) lung transplant recipients concurrently listed for DLT and SLT, all ?18 years of age. The primary outcome measure was actuarial post-transplant graft survival, expressed in years.RESULTS: Among the study population, 433 (43.26%) recipients underwent SLT and 568 (56.74%) recipients underwent DLT. The analysis included 2,722.5 years at risk, with median graft survival of 5.31 years. On univariate (p = 0.317) and multivariate (p = 0.415) regression analyses, there was no difference in graft survival between DLT and SLT.CONCLUSIONS: Among IPF recipients concurrently listed for DLT and SLT, there is no statistical difference in actuarial graft survival between recipients undergoing DLT vs SLT. This analysis suggests that increased use of SLT for IPF patients may increase the availability of organs to other candidates, and thus increase the net benefit of these organs, without measurably compromising outcomes.
|
['Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Lung', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis']
| 26,856,664
|
[['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.765.500'], ['A04.411'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['C08.381.765']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Missed Treatment Opportunities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men?
|
OBJECTIVES: This study of young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) assessed the prevalence of extragenital chlamydia and gonorrhea among those testing negative for urethral infections, and compared prevalence of both by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status.METHODS: A convenience sample of 609 YBMSM was recruited for a cross-sectional study from 2 sexual health clinics located in Jackson, MS. To detect Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), nucleic acid amplification testing was performed on urine, rectal swabs, and oral swabs. OraSure was used to detect HIV.RESULTS: Seventy-three percent of all chlamydia infections and 77% of gonorrhea infections were found from anal and oral swabs in the absence of urethral positivity. Compared with HIV-uninfected men, HIV-infected men were significantly more likely to have pharyngeal chlamydia (P = 0.03), multiple CT infections (P = 0.02), rectal NG (P < 0.001), multiple NG infections (P = 0.04), both CT/NG rectal infections (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: As much as three quarters of all chlamydia and gonorrhea infections may be missed when only urine-based nucleic acid amplification testing is used to screen YBMSM for bacterial sexually transmitted infections. These missed opportunities for diagnosis may be particularly likely among HIV-infected YBMSM.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Gonorrhea', 'HIV', 'HIV Infections', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques', 'Rectal Diseases', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual and Gender Minorities', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial']
| 29,465,695
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['E05.393.620'], ['C06.405.469.860'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.777'], ['C01.150.252.734', 'C01.221.812.281', 'C01.778.281', 'C12.294.668.281', 'C13.351.500.711.281', 'C23.550.291.531.937.281']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Coexisting undifferentiated thymic carcinoma and thymic carcinoid tumor.
|
Thymic carcinoma is an unusual neoplasm, and the undifferentiated type is rare. Thymic carcinoid is also rare. This report describes a patient with coexisting undifferentiated thymic carcinoma and a carcinoid tumor. Both lesions were completely excised. The carcinoid cells showed argyrophilic granules by Grimelius' method and immunoreactivity against neuron-specific enolase, whereas the undifferentiated carcinoma cells were negative for argyrophilic stain and immunostaining against neuron-specific enolase.
|
['Carcinoid Tumor', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Thymoma', 'Thymus Neoplasms']
| 8,265,883
|
[['C04.557.465.625.650.200', 'C04.557.470.200.025.200', 'C04.557.580.625.650.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.651'], ['C04.557.435.850', 'C04.588.894.949.500', 'C15.604.861.800'], ['C04.588.894.949', 'C15.604.861']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Primary surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation].
|
After discussing some technical aspects of the surgical treatment of the congenital luxation of the hip, the Author reports on 148 of his own cases operated over a period of 8 years. He then goes on to evaluate the follow up also with regard to the age when treated and to describe the more unsuccessful cases. Also in the light of bibliographical data, he then considers the different indications for the treatment of the congenital luxation of the hip, pointing out in his conclusions that among the many reasons that have made him a firm upholder of the primary surgical treatment of the congenital luxation of the hip is the very small percentage of postreductive osteocondrosis which, as is known, often gives rise to serious, irrevocable invalidation.
|
['Age Factors', 'Casts, Surgical', 'Child, Preschool', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Hip Dislocation, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Osteochondritis', 'Osteotomy', 'Time Factors']
| 1,236,287
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E07.858.442.660.430.500', 'E07.858.690.725.430.500'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['C05.660.297.500', 'C16.131.621.297.500', 'C16.131.621.449'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C05.116.791', 'C05.182.520', 'C17.300.182.520'], ['E04.555.580'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and L-FABP concentrations in antenatal hydronephrosis.
|
INTRODUCTION: The clinical tests currently in use for obstructive nephropathy (such as renal ultrasonography, differential radionuclide renal scans and urinary creatinine concentration data) are not efficient predictors of the subsequent clinical course. Novel and simple biomarkers are required which, if proven, could be clinically beneficial in determining if a patient is eligible for surgery or reno-protective therapy. More recently, the interest of clinicians has focused on the potential of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding proteins (uL-FABP) as biomarkers for renal function in children with hydronephrosis (HN).OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible clinical applications of uNGAL, uKIM-1 and uL-FABP as beneficial non-invasive biomarkers to determine whether or not surgical intervention is required in children with HN.STUDY DESIGN: Renal ultrasonography and radionuclide renal scans were used as diagnostic tools to detect HN. Patients were divided into two groups based on the antero-posterior diameter of their renal pelvis and the presence of dysfunction. Group 1 included 26 children with severe HN (with dysfunction), and group 2 consisted of 36 children with mild HN (without dysfunction). Urine samples were collected from 62 children with HN and 20 healthy children.RESULTS: Hydronephrosis was more common in males than in females, with a male to female ratio of 9:1 in the study sample. The incidence of left kidney involvement (32 patients) was slightly higher than right kidney involvement (28 patients). Compared with controls and group 2, the ratio of uNGAL to creatinine was significantly higher in group 1 (p < 0.05). The biomarker uNGAL/Cr exhibited fairly good diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.68 [95% confidence interval 0.6-0.7] and an optimal cut-off value of 0.16 ng/mg Cr (sensitivity 58%, specificity 75%) (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the uNGAL/Cr ratio and the uKIM-1/Cr ratio (r = 0.582, p < 0.05) and uL-FABP/Cr ratio (r = 0675, p < 0.05) in group 1.DISCUSSION: The results clearly demonstrated that children with hydronephrosis and dysfunction had significantly increased uNGAL, and uNGAL/Cr concentrations. However, uKIM-1, uKIM-1/Cr, uL-FABP and uL-FABP/Cr concentrations were not significantly different when compared with controls. These results support the use of uNGAL concentrations as an early marker for renal dysfunction in HN.CONCLUSIONS: The study clearly demonstrated that pediatric patients with hydronephrosis and dysfunction had significantly higher uNGAL to creatinine concentrations as compared with controls.
|
['Acute-Phase Proteins', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child, Preschool', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1', 'Humans', 'Hydronephrosis', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lipocalin-2', 'Lipocalins', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Prospective Studies', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'ROC Curve', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal', 'Urinalysis']
| 26,096,437
|
[['D12.776.124.050'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.469', 'D12.776.543.550.435', 'D12.776.543.750.830.187'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.307', 'C13.351.968.419.307'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.776.124.050.475', 'D12.776.157.469.325', 'D12.776.624.664.700.123'], ['D12.776.157.469'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.830'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865'], ['E01.370.225.124.810', 'E01.370.390.810', 'E05.200.124.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidase 9, 10, 11, and 15 mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
|
KLK9, 10, 11, and 15 may represent potential cancer biomarkers for evaluating ovarian cancer prognosis. In the present study, we selected a homogeneous cohort including 139 patients of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (FIGO stage III/IV) and assessed the mRNA levels of KLK9, 10, 11, and 15 in tumor tissue by quantitative PCR. No significant associations of KLK9, 10, 11, and 15 mRNA with established clinical parameters (residual tumor mass, ascitic fluid volume) were found. Pronounced correlations between KLK10/KLK11 (rs = 0.647) and between KLK9/KLK15 (rs = 0.716) mRNA, but not between other combinations, indicate coordinate expression of distinct pairs of peptidases. In univariate Cox regression analysis, elevated KLK11 mRNA levels were significantly linked with prolonged overall survival (OS; p = 0.021) and progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.008). KLK15 mRNA levels showed a trend towards significance in case of OS (p = 0.06); KLK9 and KLK10 mRNA expression levels were not associated with patients' outcome. In multivariable Cox analysis, KLK11 mRNA expression levels, apart from residual tumor mass, remained an independent predictive marker for OS (p = 0.007) and PFS (p = 0.015). Here, elevated KLK15 mRNA expression levels turned out to be significantly related to prolonged OS (p = 0.025) as well. High KLK11 but not the other KLK mRNA levels can be considered as strong independent favorable prognostic factor in this major ovarian cancer subtype.
|
['Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kallikreins', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Survival Rate']
| 29,095,848
|
[['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Proteolytic activities of two types of mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease.
|
Mannose (or mannan)-binding lectin (MBL) is an oligomeric serum lectin that plays a role in innate immunity by activating the complement system. In human, two types of MBL-associated serine protease (MASP-1 and MASP-2) and a truncated protein of MASP-2 (small MBL-associated protein; sMAP or MAp19) are complexed with MBL. To clarify the proteolytic activities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 against C4, C2, and C3, we isolated these two types of MASP in activated forms from human serum by sequential affinity chromatography. On an anti-MASP-1 column, MASP-2 passed through the column in the presence of EDTA and high salt concentration, whereas MASP-1 was retained. Isolated MASP-1 and MASP-2 exhibited proteolytic activities against C3 and C4, respectively. C2 was activated by both MASPs. C1 inhibitor (C1 INH), an inhibitor for C1r and C1s, formed equimolar complexes with MASP-1 and MASP-2 and inhibited their proteolytic activities.
|
['Binding, Competitive', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Collectins', 'Complement Activation', 'Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lectins', 'Mannose', 'Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors']
| 10,946,292
|
[['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.776.503.280.249'], ['G12.274'], ['D12.644.861.140', 'D12.776.124.486.274.920.250', 'D12.776.872.140'], ['G12.300'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D12.776.503'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.501', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.501', 'D12.776.124.486.274.045.387.875'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression profiling of claudins in the human gastrointestinal tract in health and during inflammatory bowel disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Claudins, being part of the tight junction protein family, partially determine the integrity and paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium. The aim of this study was twofold. First, the authors set out to create an overview of claudin mRNA expression along the proximal-distal axis of the healthy human intestine. Second, the authors aimed to analyze expression levels of claudins in patients with active and inactive inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS: mRNA expression levels of claudins were determined in gastrointestinal biopsies from healthy patients as well as patients diagnosed with IBD using SybrGreen real-time PCR.RESULTS: Claudins show distinct expression patterns throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Some claudins show a proximal expression pattern, such as CLDN18 which is solely expressed in the stomach, and CLDN2 and -15 that are predominantly expressed in the proximal parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Other claudins, such as CLDN3, -4, -7 and -8, are predominantly expressed in the distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract or show a ubiquitous expression pattern throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, which is the case for CLDN12. In addition, we show that changes in claudin expression in IBD are dependent on gastrointestinal location and inflammatory activity.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides detailed mRNA expression patterns of various claudins throughout the human gastrointestinal tract. Analysis of expression levels of claudins in patients with CD, active and inactive UC shows that changes in expression are confined to specific intestinal segments and strongly depend on inflammatory activity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Claudins', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Young Adult']
| 23,205,909
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.776.543.940.200'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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