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Are gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists losing popularity? Current trends at a large fertility center.
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the long- and short-term trends in LH-suppression protocol use and patient profile characteristics.DESIGN: Descriptive study, retrospective cohort.SETTING: Large, university-based IVF center.PATIENT(S): Four thousand five hundred one fresh IVF cycles categorized by use of GnRH antagonist, luteal GnRH agonist, and follicular microdose GnRH agonist.INTERVENTION(S): None.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Frequency of use of LH-suppression protocol, patient and cycle characteristics, and outcomes at 10-year (1996-2005), 5-year (2001-5), and 3-year intervals (2004-6).RESULT(S): In both the <40 and >or=40 age groups, GnRH antagonist use increased from 2001 to 2005, while luteal GnRH agonist and microdose use decreased. The most recent luteal agonist patients were better responders and had higher implantation, clinical pregnancy, and delivery rates. Antagonist patients in the <40 and >or=40 age groups had a better response in 2005 than in 2001 with higher clinical pregnancy rates. Microdose patients responded worse in 2005 than in 2001, although pregnancy rates did not change significantly. Such trends were echoed from 2004 to 2006.CONCLUSION(S): The target population for GnRH antagonist has broadened to include younger, normal responders in addition to the traditional poor responder. Luteal agonist and microdose protocols are chosen less frequently and remain targeted toward good and poor responders, respectively.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Female', 'Fertility Agents, Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Hormone Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Live Birth', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Patient Selection', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,973,891
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['D27.505.696.875.552.344', 'D27.505.954.705.552.344'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['D06.347', 'D27.505.696.399.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365'], ['G08.686.784.769.496.249'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['E02.875.800', 'E05.820.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Immunohistochemical evidence for the involvement of protein convertases 5A and 2 in the processing of pro-neurotensin in rat brain.
|
The neuropeptides/neurotransmitters neurotensin (NT) and neuromedin (NN) are synthesized by endoproteolytic cleavage of a common inactive precursor, pro-NT/NN. In vitro studies have suggested that the prohormone convertases PC5A and PC2 might both be involved in this process. In the present study, we used dual immunohistochemical techniques to determine whether either one or both of these two convertases were co-localized with pro-NT/NN maturation products and could therefore be involved in the physiological processing of this propeptide in rat brain. PC2-immunoreactive neurons were present in all regions immunopositive for NT. All but three regions expressing NT were also immunopositive for PC5A. Dual localization of NT with either convertase revealed that NT was extensively co-localized with both PC5A and PC2, albeit with regional differences. These results strongly suggest that PC5A and PC2 may play a key role in the maturation of pro-NT/NN in mammalian brain. The regional variability in NT/PC co-localization patterns may account for the region-specific maturation profiles previously reported for pro-NT/NN. The high degree of overlap between PC5A and PC2 in most NT-rich areas further suggests that these two convertases may act jointly to process pro-NT/NN. At the subcellular level, PC5A was largely co-localized with the mid-cisternae Golgi marker MG-160. By contrast, PC2 was almost completely excluded from MG-160-immunoreactive compartments. These results suggest that PC5A, which is particularly efficient at cleaving the two C-terminal-most dibasics of pro-NT/NN, may be acting as early as in the Golgi apparatus to release NT, whereas PC2, which is considerably more active than PC5A in cleaving the third C-terminal doublet, may be predominantly involved further distally along the secretory pathway to release NN.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Neurotensin', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Proprotein Convertase 2', 'Proprotein Convertase 5', 'Protein Precursors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Sialoglycoproteins', 'Subtilisins']
| 10,906,713
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.400.550', 'D12.776.631.650.550'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.646', 'D08.811.277.656.837.562', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.646'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.648', 'D08.811.277.656.837.625', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.648'], ['D12.776.811'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.370'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['D12.644.233.800', 'D12.776.395.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.787', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.787']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolated liver granulomas of murine Schistosoma mansoni contain components of the angiotensin system.
|
Angiotensin I (AI) and angiotensin II/III (AII/III) were detected by radioimmunoassay in homogenates of isolated liver granulomas from mice infected for 8 wk with Schistosoma mansoni. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which could be completely inhibited by captopril, a specific ACE inhibitor, was also present as determined by radioassay. Spontaneous angiotensin I-generating activity was detected in homogenates that received supplemental angiotensinogen (protein renin substrate). This activity was partly inhibited by pepstatin, an acid protease inhibitor, indicating the presence of angiotensinogenase(s). Trypsinization of homogenates resulted in some AI generation, which suggests that homogenates had AI precursor. Treatment of infected mice with MK421, another specific ACE inhibitor, decreased granuloma ACE activity and AII content and size. AII, and to a lesser extent AIII, inhibited mouse peritoneal macrophage migration in an in vitro assay. These data support the contention that components of the angiotensin system are in the granuloma and may serve a function in regulation of the inflammation.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Angiotensinogen', 'Angiotensins', 'Animals', 'Cell Migration Inhibition', 'Dipeptides', 'Enalapril', 'Endopeptidases', 'Female', 'Granuloma', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosomiasis', 'Teprotide']
| 6,195,268
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D12.644.456.073.070', 'D12.644.861.020', 'D12.776.811.070', 'D12.776.872.020'], ['D06.472.699.094', 'D12.644.400.070', 'D12.644.456.073', 'D12.644.548.058', 'D12.776.631.650.070', 'D23.469.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.198.337'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700'], ['C01.610.335.865.859', 'C01.920.922'], ['D12.644.456.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA in psoriatic epidermis.
|
An electron microscopic technique has been used to visualize crosslinks after total denaturation on DNA isolated from epidermis and dermis in patients with psoriasis treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and irradiation with ultraviolet light at 360 nm (PUVA treatment). This technique facilitated accurate measurements of the number and density of DNA interstrand crosslinks. 30 biopsies from 14 patients were studied and a total of 9503 DNA molecules were scored in the electron-microscope, 6 patients were treated topically with 8-MOP and 10 were on systemic treatment. Two of the patients on topical treatment had previously been on systemic treatment. 1% of all DNA molecules contained 3 or more cross-links. The overall frequency of cross-links was almost identical in the epidermis (1.1%) and in the dermis (0.9%) and, furthermore, virtually the same in patients on topical and systemic PUVA treatment. The total number of crosslinks was of the same magnitude as that previously found in normal human skin. (V. Bohr et al., Acta Dermatovener, in press.) No significantly increased damage of the genetic material (DNA) was demonstrated in our study as a consequence of the PUVA treatment using 8-MOP. We have previously shown (V. Bohr & A. Lerche, Biochim Biophys Acta, in press) that 8-MOP induced crosslinks after irradiation at 360 nm in an in vitro system of pure DNA. In this system a correlation was established between the density of crosslinks formed and irradiation time, concentration of 8-MOP, and irradiation intensity.
|
['DNA', 'Epidermis', 'Furocoumarins', 'Humans', 'Methoxsalen', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Psoriasis', 'Skin', 'Ultraviolet Therapy']
| 294,785
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Use of styrene as sole carbon source by the fungus Exophiala oligosperma: optimization and modeling of biodegradation, pathway elucidation, and cell membrane composition.
|
Biodegradation of styrene by Exophiala sp. was tested at different initial concentrations (19.3-170.6 mgl(-1)), pH (2.8-8.7), and temperatures (19.8-45.1 °C), for 120 h according to a 2(3) full-factorial central composite design. The specific growth rate (SGR, per hour) and specific styrene utilization rate (SUR, milligrams of styrene per milligram of biomass per hour) values were used as the response variables for optimization purposes. The interactions between concentration and temperature (P=0.022), and pH and temperature (P=0.010) for SGR, and interactions between concentration and temperature (P=0.012) for SUR were found to be statistically significant. The optimal values for achieving high SGR (0.15 h(-1)) and SUR (0.3622 mg styrene mg(-1) biomass h(-1)) were calculated from the regression model equation. Those values are C(o)=89.1 mgl(-1), pH=5.4, and T=31.5 °C for SGR and C(o)=69.2 mgl(-1), pH=5.5, and T=32.4 °C for SUR. It was also observed that the Exophiala strain degrades styrene via phenylacetic acid, involving initial oxidation of the vinyl side chain. Besides, in the presence of styrene, changes in the fatty acids profile were also observed. It is hypothesized that an increasing amount of linoleic acid (18:2) may be involved in the protection of the fungus against toxic substrate.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Biotechnology', 'Cell Membrane', 'Exophiala', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Styrene', 'Temperature']
| 22,961,395
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.300.107.366', 'B01.300.381.355'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G03.493'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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3D-Printed Isoniazid Tablets for the Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis-Personalized Dosing and Drug Release.
|
The aim of the present work was to produce 3D-printed oral dosage forms with a sufficient drug dose displaying various release profiles. Hot-melt extrusion was utilized to produce drug-loaded feedstock material that was subsequently 3D-printed into 6, 8, and 10 ? 2.5 mm tablets with 15% and 90% infill levels. The prepared formulations contained 30% (w/w) isoniazid in combination with one or multiple pharmaceutical polymers possessing suitable properties for oral drug delivery. Thirteen formulations were successfully hot-melt extruded of which eight had properties suitable for fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Formulations containing HPC were found to be superior regarding printability in this study. Filaments with a breaking distance below 1.5 mm were observed to be too brittle to be fed into the printer. In addition, filaments with high moisture uptake at high relative humidity generally failed to be printable. Different release profiles for the 3D-printed tablets were obtained as a result of using different polymers in the printed formulations. For 8 mm tablets printed with 90% infill, 80% isoniazid release was observed between 40 and 852 min. Drug release characteristics could further be altered by changing the infill or the size of the printed tablets allowing personalization of the tablets. This study presents novel formulations containing isoniazid for prevention of latent tuberculosis and investigates 3D printing technology for personalized production of oral solid dosage forms enabling adjustable dose and drug release properties.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Liberation', 'Isoniazid', 'Printing, Three-Dimensional', 'Tablets', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical', 'Tuberculosis']
| 30,617,660
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['J01.897.564', 'L01.224.108.150.500', 'L01.296.110.150.500'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Quantitative evaluation of 2 x 2 arrays of Lucite cone applicators in flat layered phantoms using Gaussian-beam-predicted and thermographically measured SAR distributions.
|
SAR distributions from four different E-field-orientated 2 x 2 arrays of incoherently driven Lucite cone applicators (LCAs) were investigated. The LCAs operated at 433 MHz with an aperture of 10.5 cm x 10.5 cm each. Two techniques were used to obtain SAR distributions in flat layered phantoms: Gaussian beam (GB) predictions and thermographical (TG) imaging. The GB predictions showed that the effective field size of the different array configurations varied by up to 3%. The TG-measured SAR distribution showed significant deviations from the GB-predicted SAR distributions (maximum 34.6%). The difference between GB-predicted and TG-measured SAR levels (averaged per 10% GB-predicted SAR intervals) equalled less than 11.3% for the parallel E-field orientated array and respectively 15.1% for the clockwise-orientated array. When antennae in the clockwise-orientated array were more widely spread (array aperture 23 cm x 23 cm) in order to diminish their mutual interactions, these differences decreased to 12.4%. However, the overall difference within the 50% SAR or higher range decreased from 14% to 9%. The results lead us to conclude that LCAs can be used clinically and their antenna interactions are not considered to be a problem under clinical conditions.
|
['Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Polymethyl Methacrylate', 'Thermography']
| 9,725,599
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.565'], ['E05.599'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E07.671'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550.500', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605.500'], ['E01.370.350.800', 'E05.933.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Skin biophysical properties of a population living in Valais, Switzerland.
|
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Switzerland has one of the highest rates of skin diseases and particularly skin cancer, in Europe. Skin elastosis, roughness and atopy are also frequent. High UV exposure and prevalence of light skin individuals could be the cause. Valais, in Southern Switzerland, is a mountain region with elevated sun irradiation and low air humidity, an ideal location to study the effect of the environment and life style on skin biophysical characteristics. The purpose of the study was to measure skin biophysical parameters non-invasively on healthy subjects living in Valais, and to correlate the measures with their life style.METHODS: One hundred and ten women were examined between October 2001 and February 2002. Measures of skin hydration, sebum content, pH and visco-elasticity were taken in a closed environment with constant temperature and controlled air humidity, utilizing commercially available non-invasive devices. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire and data on personal traits and life style were collected. Correlations between subject's skin parameters and life style were statistically examined.RESULTS: On average we observed low values of skin capacitance that identify subjects with dry skin. Measures of skin visco-elasticity ratios were also particularly low, while skin pH and sebum content were in the normal range. Age was correlated with a decrease of skin elasticity and sebum content, but there was no correlation with hydration or pH.CONCLUSIONS: We confirm, as reported in other studies, the effect of age on skin elasticity and sebum content and we identify, for the first time, a region with a population characterized by particularly low levels of skin hydration and skin visco-elasticity. Although people examined were free of skin diseases, we believe that protection from the sun and treatment of skin with hydrating products need to be emphasized as a prevention strategy, in regions such as Valais, with high sun irradiation and low humidity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Life Style', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Sebum', 'Skin', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Switzerland', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 14,641,883
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A12.200.702'], ['A17.815'], ['G13.750'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serovars in integrated crop-livestock farms and their products sold in local markets.
|
Major concern in the Mixed Crop-Livestock (MCL) farms, in which livestock and vegetables grown closely in the same facility, is cross-contamination of zoonotic bacterial pathogens especially Salmonella. To investigate the distribution of Salmonella serovars in MCL and their products, a total of 1287 pre-harvest samples from various farms and 1377 post-harvest samples from retail supermarkets in Maryland and Washington D.C. areas were collected and analysed. A total of 315 Salmonella isolates were recovered, with 17.44% and 5.88%, from MCL and conventional farms samples (P < 0.001). At post-harvest level, the prevalence of Salmonella was 30.95%, 19.83%, and 8.38% in chicken meat (P < 0.001) from farmers, organic, and conventional retail markets respectively, and 16.81% and 6.06% in produce products (P < 0.001) from farmers and organic retail markets, but none from conventional retail markets. From the isolated Salmonella, 34.50% was confirmed S. Typhimurium, followed by S. Heidelberg (10.86%) and S. Enteritidis (9.90%). The overall multi-antibiotic resistance in recovered Salmonella was 23.81% versus 4.55% in conventional and MCL farms (P = 0.004) and 66.67% versus 7.76% in conventional and farmers markets (P < 0.001). Overall the data reveals higher Salmonella risks in MCL farms' environment and their products sold in farmers markets and warrants taking necessary measures to limit Salmonella transmission.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Commerce', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'District of Columbia', 'Farms', 'Food Microbiology', 'Livestock', 'Maryland', 'Salmonella']
| 26,914,740
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['J01.219'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.210', 'Z01.433.429'], ['J01.040.372', 'J03.540.150'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.050.116.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Aging and sex-related changes in the biomechanical properties of the rabbit medial collateral ligament.
|
The effects of aging and sex on the tensile properties of the rabbit medial collateral ligament (MCL) were examined. The femur-MCL-tibia complex (FMTC) of male and female rabbits, of representative ages before and after epiphyseal closure up to the onset of senescence (i.e., 3.5, 6, 12 and 36 months of age) were examined. A group of 48-month-old female rabbits was also tested. The specimens were tensile tested to failure in order to obtain both the load-elongation curve of the FMTC (structural properties) and the stress-strain curve of the MCL substance (mechanical properties). Significant increases in the linear stiffness, ultimate load and energy absorbed at failure of the FMTC were noted in both the males and females during skeletal maturation, but the FMTCs of the older rabbits began to show a slight decrease in these properties. The ultimate load of the FMTC for the male rabbits reached its plateau at approximately 6 months of age, while that of the females did not plateau until 12 months of age. The modes of failure correlated well with closure of the epiphyses in both sexes, i.e., tibial avulsion failure for the skeletally immature groups and mid-substance for the skeletally mature groups. The modulus of the MCL substance increased during maturation for both sexes until 12 months, and then gradually declined until 48 months. The tensile strength remained relatively constant after 12 months of age but was slightly reduced at 48 months for the females. Thus, the rate of skeletal maturation contributed in part to the differences in the tensile properties of both the male and female rabbits.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Female', 'Ligaments', 'Male', 'Rabbits', 'Sex Factors', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tensile Strength']
| 2,290,352
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.513', 'A10.165.669'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cloning and characterization of the katA gene of Rhizobium meliloti encoding a hydrogen peroxide-inducible catalase.
|
To investigate the involvement of bacterial catalases of the symbiotic gram-negative bacterium Rhizobium meliloti in the development of Medicago-Rhizobium functional nodules, we cloned a putative kat gene by screening a cosmid library with a catalase-specific DNA probe amplified by PCR from the R. meliloti genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 1.8-kb DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame, called katA, encoding a peptide of 562 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 62.9 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence showed a high homology with the primary structure of monofunctional catalases from eucaryotes and procaryotes. The katA gene was localized on the chromosome, and the katA gene product was essentially found in the periplasmic space. A katA::Tn5 mutant was obtained and showed a drastic sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, indicating an essential protective role of KatA. However, neither Nod nor Fix phenotypes were impaired in the mutant, suggesting that KatA is not essential for nodulation and establishment of nitrogen fixation. Exposure to a sublethal concentration of H2O2 enhanced KatA activity (100-fold) and also increased survival to subsequent H2O2 exposure at higher concentrations. No protection is observed in katA::Tn5, indicating that KatA is the major component of an adaptive response.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Catalase', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Gene Library', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Nitrogen Fixation', 'Phenotype', 'Plants', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sinorhizobium meliloti']
| 8,955,300
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G02.111.071.630', 'G02.111.587.750', 'G02.607.560.750', 'G03.087.630', 'G06.625', 'G16.500.768.600'], ['G05.695'], ['B01.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.700.887.500', 'B03.660.050.662.835.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MEG3 interacted with miR-494 to repress bladder cancer progression through targeting PTEN.
|
The long noncoding RNA MEG3 is a significant tumor-suppressive gene in various tumors. But its biological role in bladder cancer remains uninvestigated. Herein, the biological mechanism of MEG3 in bladder cancer pathogenesis was explored. First, the expression of MEG3 in bladder cancer cells was examined, and we found that it was significantly reduced. In addition, in bladder cancer cells, we observed htat miR-494 was increased. Then, MEG3 was overexpressed in UMUC3 and SW780 cells and it could negatively modulate miR-494 expression. Bladder cancer cell proliferation was repressed, cell apoptosis was triggered and meanwhile, the cell cycle was remarkably arrested by the overexpression of MEG3. Moreover, the increase of MEG3 suppressed bladder cancer cell migration and invasion capacity. MEG3 can sponge miR-494 and the binding sites between them were confirmed by carrying out a series of functional assays. Furthermore, PTEN was speculated as a putative target of miR-494. Meanwhile, we found that miR-494 inhibitors induced PTEN. Finally, in vivo assays were conducted to prove that MEG3 can restrain bladder tumor growth by modulating miR-494 and PTEN. In conclusion, it was suggested MEG3 can interact with miR-494 to regulate PTEN in bladder cancer development.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Down-Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Up-Regulation', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 31,294,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.850', 'D12.776.476.590', 'D12.776.624.776.695'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between intraoperative electroencephalographic suppression and postoperative mortality.
|
BACKGROUND: Low bispectral index values frequently reflect EEG suppression and have been associated with postoperative mortality. This study investigated whether intraoperative EEG suppression was an independent predictor of 90 day postoperative mortality and explored risk factors for EEG suppression.METHODS: This observational study included 2662 adults enrolled in the B-Unaware or BAG-RECALL trials. A cohort was defined with >5 cumulative minutes of EEG suppression, and 1:2 propensity-matched to a non-suppressed cohort (?5 min suppression). We evaluated the association between EEG suppression and mortality using multivariable logistic regression, and examined risk factors for EEG suppression using zero-inflated mixed effects analysis.RESULTS: Ninety day postoperative mortality was 3.9% overall, 6.3% in the suppressed cohort, and 3.0% in the non-suppressed cohort {odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]=2.19 (1.48-3.26)}. After matching and multivariable adjustment, EEG suppression was not associated with mortality [OR (95% CI)=0.83 (0.55-1.25)]; however, the interaction between EEG suppression and mean arterial pressure (MAP) <55 mm Hg was [OR (95% CI)=2.96 (1.34-6.52)]. Risk factors for EEG suppression were older age, number of comorbidities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and higher intraoperative doses of benzodiazepines, opioids, or volatile anaesthetics. EEG suppression was less likely in patients with cancer, preoperative alcohol, opioid or benzodiazepine consumption, and intraoperative nitrous oxide exposure.CONCLUSIONS: Although EEG suppression was associated with increasing anaesthetic administration and comorbidities, the hypothesis that intraoperative EEG suppression is a predictor of postoperative mortality was only supported if it was coincident with low MAP.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00281489 and NCT00682825.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthetics, General', 'Blood Pressure', 'Comorbidity', 'Consciousness', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manitoba', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'United States']
| 24,852,500
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.176.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Congenital muscular dystrophies: muscle-eye-brain disease].
|
Three rare autosomal recessive disorders share the combination of congenital muscular dystrophy and brain malformations including a neuronal migration defect: muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). In addition, ocular abnormalities are a constant feature in MEB and WWS. We report on two brothers with MEB. The clinical and radiological characteristics are demonstrated.
|
['Brain', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electromyography', 'Exons', 'Eye Diseases, Hereditary', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Genetic Carrier Screening', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Muscle Hypotonia', 'Muscular Dystrophies', 'N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases', 'Point Mutation']
| 15,770,576
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['C11.270', 'C16.320.290'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['E01.370.225.562.250', 'E05.200.562.250', 'E05.393.435.250', 'N02.421.308.200', 'N02.421.726.233.221.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.597.613.575', 'C23.888.592.608.575'], ['C05.651.534.500', 'C10.668.491.175.500', 'C16.320.577'], ['D08.811.913.400.100.250'], ['G05.365.590.675']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Beyond the classroom, 'pro-active teaching methods--a must for today's CPD movement'.
|
Non-traditional teaching approaches are not recent innovations in the field of continuing medical and professional development; however, there is a lack of employing such methods in our context. The reasons could include lack of awareness, recognition and overlapping and adoption of these approaches, peculiarly academic detailing, by the pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless these methods have proven to be useful in changing physicians' behaviour and attitudes towards patient care and health safety. Moreover, it guides, promotes and derives the self-directedness of the physicians to acquire current knowledge, skills and generic attributes that are required for lifelong learning.
|
['Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Humans', 'Leadership', 'Pakistan']
| 24,864,643
|
[['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['Z01.252.245.723']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Evaluation of integrated control measures for soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Jinhu County, Jiangsu Province].
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of integrated control measures on soil-transmitted nematodiasis so as to provide the evidence for formulating the appropriate control strategies and measures in Jinhu County, Jiangsu Province.METHODS: Since 1995, the comprehensive control measures were carried out for soil-transmitted nematodiasis, and the measures included deworming, health education, safe water, sanitation and environmental remediation. The effects of the comprehensive control measures were evaluated by the investigations of the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis, awareness of health knowledge, and behaviors of residents.RESULTS: From 1995 to 2012, 646,437 person--times were administrated in deworming medication with 2.48 times per capita; the benefit rate of safe water was 97.90%; the popularity rate of harmless toilets was 86.89%. The awareness rate of health knowledge increased from 54.05% in 1996 to 95.60% in 2012, the difference between them were statistically significant (chi2 = 230.92, P < 0.01); the rate of correct health behaviors increased from 59.07% in 1996 to 96.40% in 2012, the difference between them had statistical significance (chi2 = 202.69, P < 0.01). The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis decreased from 62.57% in 1989 to 1.21% in 2012, the difference had statistical significance (chi2 = 1016.92, P < 0.01). The infection rates of Ascaris lumbricodes, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura were 0.58%, 1.12% and 0, respectively in 2012, and compared with the rates of those infections in 1989, the decline rates were 94.96%, 97.28% and 100% respectively, the differences between them were statistically significant (chi2 Ascaris = 129.50, chi2 hookworm = 544.62, chi2 Trichurisch = 254.19, all P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The comprehensive control strategies and measures are effective and soil-transmitted nematodiasis has been controlled in Jinhu County.
|
['China', 'Communicable Disease Control', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Nematode Infections', 'Prevalence', 'Soil']
| 24,800,572
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.780.200'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.335.508'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Tomato allergy in children and young adults: cross-reactivity with latex and potato.
|
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that allergy to natural rubber latex is associated with cross-reactivity to certain foods such as tomato and potato. The objective was to investigate the clinical and immunologic differences between a group of patients with clinical allergy to tomato and latex and another which had only clinical allergy to tomato. We also aimed to assess, in vitro, the relationship of tomato and latex allergens, which could explain the cross-reactivity.METHODS: Forty patients with histories of adverse reactions to tomato and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity were enrolled in the study. Tomato, latex, and potato components were analyzed by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. CAP and immunoblot inhibition were used to study allergen cross-reactivity.RESULTS: Patients from group A had a mean age of 13.2 years, and in group B the mean age was 21.7 years. In group B, 9/10 patients belonged to the latex-fruits syndrome. All patients of both groups tolerated potato. Immunoblotting patterns obtained with patients' sera from pool A showed IgE-binding bands to tomato ranging from 44 to 46 kDa and a triple band at 67 kDa. For latex, there was a strong binding at 44 kDa, and potato showed a strong band of 44 kDa and a 67-kDa triple band. In pool B, the binding to the band of 44 kDa in latex and tomato was more intense than in pool A. In pool A, immunoblot inhibition with potato allergen showed an intense inhibition of the three allergens (potato, latex, and tomato); with latex, inhibition was partial and with tomato, a complete inhibition of tomato and latex was observed, and a partial inhibition of potato. In pool B, the inhibition pattern followed a similar tendency to pool A. The CAP inhibition confirmed the high rate of cross-reactivity between tomato, potato, and latex.CONCLUSIONS: In our study, tomato, potato, and latex showed a common band of 44-46 kDa probably corresponding to patatin. This protein could be implicated in the high cross-reactivity between tomato, latex, and potato observed in the immunoblot and CAP inhibition.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Allergens', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross Reactions', 'Female', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Infant', 'Latex', 'Latex Hypersensitivity', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plant Proteins', 'Solanum tuberosum']
| 11,736,750
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.063'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G12.122.281'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D05.750.078.625', 'D20.215.721.124', 'D25.720.099.625', 'D25.720.099.750.500', 'D25.720.327.840.239', 'J01.637.051.720.099.625', 'J01.637.051.720.540'], ['C20.543.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Using Cox cluster processes to model latent pulse location patterns in hormone concentration data.
|
Many hormones, including stress hormones, are intermittently secreted as pulses. The pulsatile location process, describing times when pulses occur, is a regulator of the entire stress system. Characterizing the pulse location process is particularly difficult because the pulse locations are latent; only hormone concentration at sampled times is observed. In addition, for stress hormones the process may change both over the day and relative to common external stimuli. This potentially results in clustering in pulse locations across subjects. Current approaches to characterizing the pulse location process do not capture subject-to-subject clustering in locations. Here we show how a Bayesian Cox cluster process may be adapted as a model of the pulse location process. We show that this novel model of pulse locations is capable of detecting circadian rhythms in pulse locations, clustering of pulse locations between subjects, and identifying exogenous controllers of pulse events. We integrate our pulse location process into a model of hormone concentration, the observed data. A spatial birth-and-death Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used for estimation. We exhibit the strengths of this model on simulated data and adrenocorticotropic and cortisol data collected to study the stress axis in depressed and non-depressed women.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Markov Chains', 'Models, Statistical', 'Monte Carlo Method']
| 26,553,914
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in precursor B-cells.
|
DNA methylation is responsible for regulating gene expression and cellular differentiation and for maintaining genomic stability during normal human development. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In order to elucidate the influence of DNA methylation during B-cell development, genome-wide DNA methylation status of pro-B, pre-BI, pre-BII, and na?ve-B-cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood was determined using the methylated CpG island recovery assay followed by next generation sequencing. On average, 182-200 million sequences were generated for each precursor B-cell subset in 10 biological replicates. An overall decrease in methylation was observed during the transition from pro-B to pre-BI, whereas no differential methylation was observed in the pre-BI to pre-BII transition or in the pre-BII to na?ve B-cell transition. Most of the methylated regions were located within intergenic and intronic regions not present in a CpG island context. Putative novel enhancers were identified in these regions that were differentially methylated between pro-B and pre-BI cells. The genome-wide methylation profiles are publically available and may be used to gain a better understanding of the involvement of atypical DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of malignancies associated with precursor B-cells.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Fetal Blood', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid']
| 25,484,143
|
[['G04.152'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.562.800', 'A11.148.378.294.374', 'A11.872.378.294.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
ADAM 20 and 21; two novel human testis-specific membrane metalloproteases with similarity to fertilin-alpha.
|
Two novel membrane disintegrin-metalloproteases, ADAM 20 and ADAM 21 were cloned from a human testis cDNA library. Their predicted translation products share 50% sequence identity with each other. Among previously characterized ADAMs, the best similarity was to sperm cell-specific fertilins-alpha and -beta, and meltrin-gamma (ADAM 9) which is ubiquitously expressed. Both ADAM 20 and 21 mRNAs are exclusively expressed in testis, presumably, in analogy to all other testis-specific ADAMs, on mature spermatocytes. Both cDNAs were mapped on the genome, and found to be tightly linked to the same marker (SHGC-36001) on chromosome 14q24.1. This region is not syntenic with the loci of mouse sperm-specific ADAMs 1-5. ADAM 20, but not 21, encodes a consensus Zn2+ binding site of active adamalysin metzincin metalloproteases, and both 20 and 21 encode putative cell-fusion peptides, required for sperm-egg fusion. Based on these characteristics it is possible that ADAM 20 and/or 21 is the functional equivalent of sperm fertilin-alpha, as it was recently reported that this gene is non-functional in humans.
|
['ADAM Proteins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Fusion', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytoplasm', 'Disintegrins', 'Fertilins', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptides', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Testis']
| 9,469,942
|
[['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102', 'D09.400.430.500', 'D12.776.395.033'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.380', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.380'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D12.644.138'], ['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102.750', 'D09.400.430.500.750', 'D12.776.395.033.750', 'D12.776.395.550.331'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isoniazid resistant tuberculosis in a school outbreak: the protective effect of BCG.
|
An outbreak of isoniazid resistant tuberculosis occurred in a large second level school. A total of 1,160 teenage pupils were at risk. Nineteen cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, 15 were students, 9 of whom were among 251 non-vaccinated students and 6 among 909 vaccinated students. Two cases of miliary tuberculosis, one of whom also had tuberculous (TB) meningitis, occurred in the non-vaccinated group. The number of children with Heaf grade +3 or +4 was significantly greater among children who had been given Bacille Calmette-Gu?rin (BCG) vaccination (8 vs 4.4%). This suggests a boosting effect on the response in vaccinated children. The protective effect of neonatal BCG vaccination in this school outbreak suggests that it provides significant protection against tuberculosis lasting into adolescence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Isoniazid', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Public Relations', 'Schools', 'Tuberculin Test', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 1,954,998
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D20.215.894.135.825.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.290'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['N04.452.822'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.800', 'E05.200.812.871.800', 'E05.478.594.890.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Increased cyclic AMP in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxation of aortic strips by parathyroid hormone.
|
The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were examined in three model systems to determine the mechanism of PTH action in vascular tissue. Bovine parathyroid extract and synthetic bPTH-(1-34) relaxed norepinephrine-contracted rabbit aortic strips in a dose-dependent fashion. The ED50 was 33.1 nM (21.8-50.1 nM). The hypotensive diterpene, forskolin and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, methylisobutylxanthine and papaverine, all greatly potentiated the relaxant action of PTH. Primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit and rat aorta and bovine pulmonary artery all responded to bPTH-(1-34) with 5- to 10-fold increases in intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations within 1 min. Again, this action of PTH was also markedly augmented (3-fold or greater) by methylisobutylxanthine, papaverine or forskolin. In addition, 1 microM bPTH-(1-34) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations from vascular smooth muscle cells in the presence or absence of 100 microM GMPPNHP. These results indicate that PTH exerts direct relaxant actions on vascular smooth muscle and that cyclic AMP may be involved in the mechanism of PTH action in vascular tissue.
|
['1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Cattle', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Drug Synergism', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Papaverine', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Rabbits', 'Sodium Fluoride', 'Time Factors']
| 2,414,115
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.824.751.500'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D03.132.098.666', 'D03.132.577.750', 'D03.633.100.531.085.666'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.303.350.300.875', 'D01.857.725', 'D25.223.716', 'J01.637.051.223.716'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Five-year follow-up after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess results 5 years after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.BACKGROUND: Since the technique of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was first reported in 1982, it has become the treatment of choice for pulmonary valve stenosis. In contrast to surgical valvotomy, the long-term outcome after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is unknown.METHODS: We reviewed the findings in 34 patients 5.2 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- SD) years after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty: 27 with isolated pulmonary stenosis, 5 with Noonan syndrome and 2 with previous surgical valvotomy. In eight patients (three with Noonan syndrome), a second balloon valvuloplasty was the index procedure for analysis.RESULTS: The transpulmonary gradient (mm Hg) was 74 +/- 34 before balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, 36 +/- 26 immediately after, 22 +/- 9 at cardiac catheterization in 29 patients 6 +/- 0.6 months later and 19 +/- 10 by Doppler study at 5 years. At 5 years 26 patients (group A) had a residual gradient of < or = 20 mm Hg; the remaining 8 (group B) had a gradient of > 20 mm Hg. Four group B patients had Noonan syndrome (p = 0.01). Balloon/pulmonary valve diameter ratio was larger for group A patients than for group B patients with isolated pulmonary stenosis (1.20 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.07, p = 0.005); larger balloons were used in group B patients with Noonan syndrome (1.30 +/- 0.10). Group A patients were more likely than group B patients to have significant pulmonary incompetence (6 of 24 vs. 0 of 8) and had a greater right ventricle/left ventricle long-axis diastolic dimension ratio (0.47 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.04, p = 0.05). In the subgroup of five patients with Noonan syndrome and two with prior surgical valvotomy, the transpulmonary gradient was reduced from 74 +/- 24 mm Hg before balloon valvuloplasty to 23 +/- 12 mm Hg at 5 years. In addition, two patients with isolated pulmonary valve stenosis had pulmonary valve dysplasia by angiographic criteria: transpulmonary gradients of 85 and 56 mm Hg were reduced to 20 and 11 mm Hg, respectively, at 5 years.CONCLUSIONS: Relief of obstruction persists at 5 years especially if oversized balloons are used. Acceptable results can be obtained in patients with a dysplastic valve. More complete relief of right ventricular outflow gradient is associated with increased right ventricular dimension, probably because more pulmonary incompetence is induced. This is well tolerated at 5 years but may be important in the longer term.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Catheterization', 'Echocardiography', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Noonan Syndrome', 'Pulmonary Valve', 'Pulmonary Valve Stenosis', 'Systole', 'Time Factors']
| 8,417,053
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C05.660.207.690', 'C14.240.400.787', 'C14.280.400.787', 'C16.131.240.400.784', 'C16.131.621.207.690', 'C17.300.690'], ['A07.541.510.738'], ['C14.280.484.716', 'C14.280.955.750'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic computer model for human pregnancy.
|
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for human pregnancy must incorporate many factors that are not usually encountered in PBPK models of mature animals. Models for pregnancy must include the large changes that take place in the mother, the placenta and the embryo/fetus over the period of pregnancy. The embryo/fetal weight change was modeled using the Gompertz equation for growth which gave a good fit to extensive pooled weight data of the human embryo/fetus from 25 to 300 days of gestation. This equation is based on a growth rate that is proportional to the total weight of the organism with the proportionality factor decreasing exponentially with time. Allometric equations, which are widely used to relate organ weights, blood flow rates and other attributes of mature animals to total weight, were adapted to correlate fetal organ weights with total fetal weight. Allometric relationships were also developed for plasma flow rates and other organ-related parameters. The computer model, written in FORTRAN 77, included 27 compartments for the mother and 16 for the fetus; it also accommodates two substances allowing representation of a parent compound and a metabolite (or a second drug or environmental substance). Although this model is large, the inherent sparsity in the equations allow it to be solved numerically in a reasonable time on currently available, reasonably priced desktop computers. A nonlinear regression routine is included to fit key model parameters to experimental data. Concentrations of chemicals administered and measured in the mother may be simulated in both maternal and fetal organs at any day(s) between 25 days and 300 days of gestation. Allometric relationships are also utilized to adopt this human model for use with data obtained from animal experiments.
|
['Abnormalities, Drug-Induced', 'Animals', 'Body Fluid Compartments', 'Computer Simulation', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Models, Biological', 'Organ Size', 'Pharmacokinetics', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Teratogens', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 8,016,750
|
[['C16.131.042'], ['B01.050'], ['A10.082', 'A12.207.180'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['G03.787', 'G07.690.725'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['D27.888.569.864'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association of polymorphisms in base excision repair genes with the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in North Indian women.
|
Inheritance of common genetic variants at one or more base excision repair (BER) genes may result in a reduced DNA repair capacity and in an increased risk of cancers like breast cancer. The present case-control study with 390 north Indian women (155 breast cancer cases and 235 controls) was aimed to investigate the association of seven nonsynonymous BER gene polymorphisms viz. rs1130409/T1865G (APEX1), rs1799782/T22142C (XRCC1), rs25487/G23990A (XRCC1), rs4989588/T3337A (FEN1), rs4989586/ G3259A (FEN1), rs4989587/C3315T (FEN1), and rs1050525/G6941T (PCNA) with breast cancer susceptibility. Statistically significant association with breast cancer risk was observed for rs1130409 homozygous mutant GG [odds ratio (OR) 3.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36-8.26), heterozygous GT (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.56-3.76), and combined mutant (GT + GG) (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.65-3.86] genotypes and rs25487 homozygous mutant AA (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.66-5.10) and combined mutant (AA + AG) (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.903-2.19) genotypes, whereas protective association was exhibited by rs1799782 homozygous mutant CC (OR 0.413, 95% CI 0.082-2.08), heterozygous TC (OR 0.351, 95% CI 0.189-0.650), and combined mutant (TC + CC) (OR 0.357, 95% CI 0.199-0.641) genotypes. Association study using reconstructed haplotypes of XRCC1 gene showed positive association for the TA haplotype (OR 2.014, 95% CI 1.462-2.775) and a protective association for the CG haplotype (OR 0.173, 95% CI 0.052-0.576) pertaining to breast cancer risk. The results indicate that the polymorphisms rs1130409 (APEX1) and rs25487 (XRCC1) might be involved in contributing towards breast cancer susceptibility, while rs1799782 (XRCC1) might have protective influence.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Flap Endonucleases', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'India', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1']
| 18,669,164
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D08.811.074.750', 'D08.811.520.241.225'], ['D12.776.260'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.325.350'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['D12.776.157.687.813', 'D12.776.260.963', 'D12.776.660.720.813']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sleep Evaluation in the Assessment of Pediatric Attention Deficit Disorders.
|
INTRODUCTION: Examining the impact of appropriate sleep evaluation on diagnosis of attention deficit disorders can improve the standard of care in pediatrics. This quality improvement project examined current practice and subsequent implementation of a validated standardized sleep evaluation tool in the assessment of children with symptoms of attention deficit.METHODS: Retrospective chart review and implementation of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) for children 6 to 14years old with attention deficit symptoms.MEASURES: Rates of sleep screening, sleep referrals, diagnosis of sleep and attention deficit disorders, Vanderbilt scores, CSHQ scores.RESULTS: In the retrospective group (n = 41), 76% of patients had attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 19.5% had sleeping disorders. There were significant provider differences in diagnosing sleep problems (p = .007). In the intervention group (n = 5), 60% had abnormal CSHQ scores.DISCUSSION: There was considerable incidence of sleeping problems in children with symptoms of attention deficit and provider variation in sleep evaluation and diagnosis, with minimal referral to specialist care. Our findings support a more comprehensive and standardized evaluation of sleep when assessing for attention deficit disorders to improve appropriate referrals, diagnosis, and treatment in pediatrics.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Quality Improvement', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sleep Wake Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 30,466,794
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in neuropathic pain and alkyl glycerol ethers treatment.
|
Neuropathic pain manifested by a number of sensory symptoms is often accompanied by disorders of higher nervous activity, such as memory impairment, depression, anxiety, anhedonia, etc. This emphasizes the involvement of supraspinal structures including the hippocampus in neuropathic pain pathogenesis. In the present study, we focused on the impact of chronic neuropathic pain on hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial state. In addition, we test the effect of alkyl glycerol ethers on hippocampal neuronal and microglial plasticity as well as behavioral parameters. Neuropathic pain was induced using the model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury. We found an impairment of working memory and locomotor activity in animals with neuropathic pain, which was prevented by alkyl glycerol ethers treatment. Sciatic nerve ligation in mice contributed to the decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis intensity. Alkyl glycerol ethers administration significantly reduced this effect. Neuropathic pain-associated neurogenesis reduction was accompanied by an increased percentage of Iba1-labeled area in the CA1 hippocampal region on the 14th and 28th days after surgery. In addition, we observed a decrease in hippocampal pro-inflammatory microglia marker CD86 immunostaining on day 28 after surgery in alkyl glycerol ethers-treated mice with sciatic nerve ligation. These results are consistent with data on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression in the hippocampus. Alkyl glycerol ethers administration increased IL-10 and decreased IL-1â hippocampal expression in animals with neuropathic pain. Taken together, these data suggest that neuropathic pain-behavior in rodents is accompanied by changes in microglia polarization, thereby contributing to neurogenesis impairment and cognitive disturbances. Alkyl glycerol ethers prevented M1 microglial activation, contributing to the maintenance of normal neurogenesis levels within the hippocampus and normalizing working memory.
|
['Animals', 'Glyceryl Ethers', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Neuralgia', 'Neurogenesis']
| 29,107,326
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.033.800.875.875', 'D02.355.460'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Culturally specific dance to reduce obesity in African American women.
|
This article provides evidence of a culturally specific dance intervention to decrease obesity as measured by body fat and body mass index (BMI) in African American women. A community partnership was formed with two African American churches to develop an intervention to address the issue of obesity. The culturally specific dance intervention was delivered two times per week for 8 weeks, choreographed to gospel music selected by the experimental group participants, and taught by an African American woman. Body fat and BMI were assessed at three time points and revealed significant differences between the two groups. Attending a minimum of 7 classes was enough to show an observed dose effect and the intervention was found to be culturally specific by understanding their roles as African American women. This community partnership was an effective way to promote a church-based, culturally specific dance intervention to improve the health of African American women.
|
['Adiposity', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Community Networks', 'Cultural Competency', 'Dance Therapy', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Protestantism']
| 19,098,267
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['I01.880.853.500.300', 'L01.313.500.750.300.184', 'N02.421.143.202'], ['I01.880.853.100.364'], ['E02.190.888.374', 'E02.760.169.063.500.230', 'E02.779.474.186', 'E02.831.230', 'F04.754.278'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['K01.844.188.644']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Infectious aneurysms of the cavernous carotid artery].
|
We describe 3 patients who developed infectious aneurysms of the cavernous carotid artery. The aneurysms were due to sphenoidal sinusitis in two patients and due to endocarditis in one. The acute and septic onset of the cavernous sinus syndrome, suggested thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus in all 3 patients. The diagnosis was established by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Therapeutic internal carotid artery occlusion was indicated for a fissuration of their aneurysm manifested (n=3) by an episode of epistaxis (n=2) and blood in sphenoid sinus (depicted by MRI) in one case. We discuss the pathophysiology and management of bacterial aneurysms of the cavernous carotid artery. Close clinical and imaging follow-up should be performed for patients under antibiotherapy. Selective angiography with therapeutic occlusion of the carotid artery is discussed in patients with persistence of symptoms or if clinical findings are suggestive of fissuration or if aneurysmal sac diameter increases on follow-up imaging studies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aneurysm, Infected', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Cavernous Sinus', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 10,916,009
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.069', 'C14.907.055.131'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['A07.015.908.224.334'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425.500', 'C14.907.253.566.350.500', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ethnic and racial differences in the smoking-related risk of lung cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: There is remarkable variation in the incidence of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups in the United States.METHODS: We investigated differences in the risk of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking among 183,813 African-American, Japanese-American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and white men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Our analysis included 1979 cases of incident lung cancer identified prospectively over an eight-year period, between baseline (1993 through 1996) and 2001.RESULTS: The risk of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups was modified by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Among participants who smoked no more than 30 cigarettes per day, African Americans and Native Hawaiians had significantly greater risks of lung cancer than did the other groups. Among those who smoked no more than 10 and those who smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes per day, relative risks ranged from 0.21 to 0.39 (P<0.001) among Japanese Americans and Latinos and from 0.45 to 0.57 (P<0.001) among whites, as compared with African Americans. However, at levels exceeding 30 cigarettes per day, these differences were not significant. Differences in risk associated with smoking were observed among both men and women and for all histologic types of lung cancer.CONCLUSIONS: Among cigarette smokers, African Americans and Native Hawaiians are more susceptible to lung cancer than whites, Japanese Americans, and Latinos.
|
['African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Asian Americans', 'Carcinoma', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Hawaii', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Oceanic Ancestry Group', 'Risk', 'Smoking', 'United States']
| 16,436,765
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.686.508.200.100', 'M01.686.754.225'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.375', 'Z01.639.760.815.482'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['M01.686.508.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F01.145.805'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Injury patterns in young, non-professional dancers.
|
The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and types of injuries in 1336 young, non-professional female dancers (age 8-16 years) who participated in a descriptive mixed (cross-sectional/ longitudinal) cohort study. Previous and current injuries were diagnosed and later classified into seven major categories. Our results show that 569 (42.6%) of the dancers examined manifested an injury. Advanced age and increased exposure to dance yielded an equivalent increase in the prevalence of injured girls: from 1 of 10 girls in the 8-year-old age cohort (mean = 1.05 per 1000 h) to 1 of 3 girls in the 14-year-old age cohort (mean = 1.25 per 1000 h). Time elapsing between first and second injuries decreased with age. Among the youngest group of dancers (8-9 years) the most common injury was tendonitis (41%), while in adolescent dancers (14-16 years) knee injuries became the leading cause of complaints (33%). We conclude that young, non-professional dancers are at high risk of injury. Dancers who had been injured in the past were at higher risk for re-injury. Tendonitis in the foot or ankle joint was a common injury among the youngest dancers, while knee injuries were common among adolescent dancers. A routine screening of this dancer population by an expert in dance medicine will reduce the risk for an injury.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Ankle Injuries', 'Athletes', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dancing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Injuries', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Prevalence', 'Tendinopathy']
| 21,086,212
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C26.558.100'], ['M01.072'], ['C26.115'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I03.450.642.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558.554'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C05.651.869', 'C26.874.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Relationships between physical activity and plasma leptin levels in healthy children: the Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Sant? II Study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between physical activity and plasma leptin levels in children from a population-based study, taking into account puberty stages.DESIGN: Subjects were part of the Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Sant? (FLVS) II Study, a longitudinal study on the determinants of weight gain in children and their parents. At baseline examination, 253 girls and 257 boys aged 8-18 y were examined.MEASUREMENTS: : Height and weight were measured, adiposity was assessed by the sum of four skinfold thicknesses (SSK). Pubertal stage was assigned according to Tanner. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was assessed by the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire and ambulatory activity by pedometer recording over a week. A fasting blood sample was obtained to determine plasma leptin and insulin levels.RESULTS: Plasma leptin was higher in girls compared to boys (8.3 (1.6-36.5) ng/ml vs 2.2 (0.1-15.3) ng/ml, P<0.001). Multivariate analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable, and number of steps by day, Tanner stage, insulin and SSK as independent variables. In girls, leptin was negatively correlated to number of steps/day (P<0.001) and positively to SSK (P<0.001) and insulinemia (P<0.001). In boys, leptin was correlated to insulinemia (P<0.001), SSK (P<0.001), Tanner stage (P<.0001), but not to physical activity.CONCLUSION: Physical activity is negatively related to leptin levels in girls only and this association is independent of fasting plasma insulin. In children, fasting insulinemia remains associated with leptin levels after taking into account adiposity, physical activity and Tanner stage.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aging', 'Anthropometry', 'Child', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Leptin', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Puberty', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Skinfold Thickness']
| 15,314,633
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['G08.686.815'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.803', 'E05.041.124.803', 'G07.100.100.803']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association between Prostinogen (KLK15) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in Australia and a meta-analysis of GWAS data.
|
BACKGROUND: Kallikrein 15 (KLK15)/Prostinogen is a plausible candidate for prostate cancer susceptibility. Elevated KLK15 expression has been reported in prostate cancer and it has been described as an unfavorable prognostic marker for the disease.OBJECTIVES: We performed a comprehensive analysis of association of variants in the KLK15 gene with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness by genotyping tagSNPs, as well as putative functional SNPs identified by extensive bioinformatics analysis. METHODS AND DATA SOURCES: Twelve out of 22 SNPs, selected on the basis of linkage disequilibrium pattern, were analyzed in an Australian sample of 1,011 histologically verified prostate cancer cases and 1,405 ethnically matched controls. Replication was sought from two existing genome wide association studies (GWAS): the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) project and a UK GWAS study.RESULTS: Two KLK15 SNPs, rs2659053 and rs3745522, showed evidence of association (p<0.05) but were not present on the GWAS platforms. KLK15 SNP rs2659056 was found to be associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and showed evidence of association in a replication cohort of 5,051 patients from the UK, Australia, and the CGEMS dataset of US samples. A highly significant association with Gleason score was observed when the data was combined from these three studies with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.93; p = 2.7?10(-4)). The rs2659056 SNP is predicted to alter binding of the RORalpha transcription factor, which has a role in the control of cell growth and differentiation and has been suggested to control the metastatic behavior of prostate cancer cells.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a role for KLK15 genetic variation in the etiology of prostate cancer among men of European ancestry, although further studies in very large sample sets are necessary to confirm effect sizes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Computational Biology', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Demography', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Kallikreins', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Queensland', 'Risk Factors', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 22,132,073
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['G05.348.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['Z01.639.100.937', 'Z01.678.100.373.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Giant axonal neuropathy caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the gigaxonin gene.
|
Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which typically involves both central and peripheral nervous system. Yet the phenotypic-genotypic correlation remains obscure. We report a novel compound heterozygous mutation with the c. 805C>T in exon 4(Arg545His missense mutation) and the c. 1634G>A in exon 11(Arg269Trp missense mutation) in an 11-year-old Chinese giant axonal neuropathy case. This patient had an atypical giant axonal neuropathy phenotype rather similar to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, without tightly curled hair and mental retardation. The patient had a slowly progressive sensory motor neuropathy since age 3 years, and she also had nystagmus, feet deformities, scoliosis, and cerebellar tonsillar protrusion. Electrophysiological studies indicated a predominantly axonal sensory-motor neuropathy. The diagnosis was confirmed by sural nerve biopsy and direct sequencing of all the 11 gigaxonin exons. The proband's parents are heterozygotes of the disease without symptoms. Our findings extend the number of gigaxonin mutations that cause giant axonal neuropathy.
|
['Child', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Female', 'Giant Axonal Neuropathy', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated']
| 23,248,352
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.220'], ['C10.500.300.490', 'C10.574.500.495.490', 'C10.668.829.325', 'C10.668.829.800.300.490', 'C16.131.666.300.490', 'C16.320.400.375.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Stages of primary pupil-block chronic angle-closure glaucoma].
|
In China, primary pupil-block chronic angle-closure glaucoma is a blinding eye disease of high incidence in primary glaucoma, with different clinical course and features from acute angle-closure glaucoma. Based on the conditions of the anterior chamber angle, the level of IOP, the defects in optic disc and visual field, and the mechanism of IOP elevation, this morbid entity was classified into 5 stages, i.e., the preclinical, the early, the progressive, the advanced and the absolute stages, and the clinical manifestations of each stage were described. This classification may be of referential use to ophthalmologists in clinical and research work.
|
['Anterior Chamber', 'Chronic Disease', 'Glaucoma, Angle-Closure', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Optic Disk', 'Pupil', 'Visual Fields']
| 8,404,354
|
[['A09.371.060.067'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C11.525.381.056'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['A09.371.060.450.780', 'A09.371.894.513.780'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MicroRNAs in sputum specimen as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer: An updated meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a serious leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, multiple researches have identified that microRNA (miRNA) in sputum could be a useful tool for NSCLC diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess whether aberrant miRNA expression could be regarded as a useful biomarker in sputum specimen for the diagnosis of NSCLC.METHODS: Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases up to June 2018. We calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) to investigate the diagnostic value of miRNA in sputum for NSCLC. MetaDisc1.4 and STATA12.0 were used to analyze the retrieved data.RESULTS: Finally, a total of 14 articles were included in this meta-analysis involving 1009 NSCLC patients and 1006 controls. The results were as followed: the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, were 0.75 (95%CI:0.72-0.78), 0.88 (95%CI:0.86-0.90), 5.70 (95%CI:4.82-6.75), 0.30 (95%CI:0.26-0.34), 22.43 (95%CI:17.48-28.79), respectively. The AUC of overall summary receiver operator characteristic curve (SROC) was 0.8917.CONCLUSION: Our comprehensive analysis indicated that miRNAs in sputum specimen may be noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC. However, much more studies should be conducted before clinical application.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'MicroRNAs', 'Sputum']
| 30,732,158
|
[['D23.101'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A12.200.808']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incident HIV infection and perinatal transmission rates among HIV negative pregnant women who retested in labor in a tertiary health centre, South East Nigeria.
|
Background: To reduce the number of new HIV infections among children, retesting of HIV negative pregnant women in labor to identify new infections and instituting appropriate modified obstetrics practices (MOP) has a huge role to play.Aims and Objectives: This study evaluated the HIV sero-positivity in labor among pregnant women who earlier tested negative in antenatal clinic, associated risk factors and the corresponding rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.Methods: This was a prospective observational study where pregnant women in labor who had earlier tested HIV negative in the antenatal clinic at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Imo state, Nigeria, were retested. The infants of the women who seroconverted were tested for HIV infection at 6 weeks using Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (DNA PCR) by collecting Dried Blood Sample. This study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2016.Result: Out of the 163 patients studied, 6 demonstrated HIV seroconversion giving a seroconversion rate of 3.7%. Deliveries from the seroconverted patients were 5 live births and 1 intrauterine fetal death. All the 5 live babies tested HIV negative at 6 weeks of age. Predictors of seroconversion in late pregnancy include spouse's HIV status and number of other sexual partners.Conclusion: Retesting of HIV negative pregnant women in labor to identify new infections and instituting appropriate modified obstetrics practices has a huge role to play in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV infection.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Nigeria', 'Parturition', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Seroconversion']
| 31,607,722
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G12.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A randomized placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of oral albuterol on pulmonary mechanics in ventilator-dependent infants at risk of developing BPD.
|
Albuterol is a specific beta-2 agonist that has been reported to be effective in treating infants and children with bronchospastic pulmonary disease. The use of oral albuterol has not been investigated in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Thirty premature infants were randomized to receive oral albuterol (0.15 mg/kg/dose q8h) or a volume- and color-matched placebo (D5/W). Pulmonary functions were evaluated at baseline and at 48 and 96 hours after entry to the study. The study was also designed for crossover from placebo to albuterol or albuterol to caffeine in the event that the infant's total pulmonary resistance did not improve at the time of the 48 hour pulmonary function evaluation. Heart rate and respiratory rate showed a statistically significant but clinically unimportant increase in the albuterol-treated infants. There were no significant differences noted in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Percent improvement in the pulmonary function indices were calculated from baseline to 48 hours and from baseline to 96 hours for the placebo and albuterol-treated groups. The results indicate that at 48 hours there were statistically significant improvements in total resistance (14.5%), inspiratory resistance (10.8%), and expiratory resistance (12.9%) in the albuterol-treated infants as compared to the spontaneous deterioration of the same values by 25%, 81%, and 11%, respectively, in the placebo-treated infants. In conclusion, oral albuterol therapy of 48 hours duration improved pulmonary resistance without major cardiovascular side effects in ventilator-dependent premature infants.
|
['Albuterol', 'Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia', 'Caffeine', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiration', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Mechanics']
| 1,852,516
|
[['D02.033.100.291.057', 'D02.092.063.291.057', 'D02.092.471.683.061'], ['C08.381.520.750.500', 'C16.614.521.125'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['G09.772.705.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The effect of many years of hemodialysis therapy on hypophyseal-gonadal axis function in males with chronic renal insufficiency].
|
The study aims at evaluating an effect of hemodialyses duration on LH, FSH, and testosterone secretion in males with chronic renal insufficiency. Secretion of these hormones was assessed with LH-RH stimulation test in 41 men with chronic renal insufficiency and 15 healthy controls. Increased LH and FSH and decreased testosterone serum levels were seen in men with chronic renal insufficiency in comparison with healthy controls, independently of hemodialysis therapy duration. Duration of the treatment with hemodialyses has no significant effect on LH levels. Testosterone and FSH levels were significantly higher in patients treated over 50 months than those treated for shorter periods. Reactivity of LH secretion in LH-RH stimulation test was lower in patients dialysed for less than 100 months whereas in patients dialysed for over 100 months it was normal. Reactivity of testosterone secretion was higher in patients dialysed for over 50 months that those dialysed for shorter periods of time.
|
['Adult', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Testosterone']
| 8,756,737
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pain management after total hip arthroplasty at five different Danish hospitals: A prospective, observational cohort study of 501 patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The available literature does not present a "gold standard" for post-operative pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore and document post-operative pain treatment, including outcomes, in a large cohort of patients undergoing THA at five different Danish hospitals.METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of 501 THA patients was performed at five different hospitals in the Capital Region and at the Region Zealand in Denmark, from April 2014 to April 2016. The study had two co-primary outcomes: Pain during mobilisation at 6 hours post-operatively (numeric rating scale [NRS] [0-10]) and morphine consumption 0-24 hours post-operatively.RESULTS: A large variety of analgesic treatments were used at the included hospitals and none of the hospitals used the same non-opioid basic analgesic regimen. For all patients at all hospitals, the NRS-pain level during mobilisation at 6 hours was 5 (3-6), (median [interquartile range]) and the 24-hour intravenous morphine (eqv) consumption was 25 mg (18-35). Although some statistically significant differences between hospitals were found for morphine use, no non-opioid analgesic regimen demonstrated consistent clinically relevant superior efficacy. In general, pain levels at rest were low to moderate and pain during mobilisation was moderate.CONCLUSIONS: Analgesic treatment routines differed between hospitals. Pain levels, however, did not differ substantially and were in general low at rest and moderate during mobilisation. No non-opioid analgesic treatment demonstrated consistent analgesic superiority.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Cohort Studies', 'Denmark', 'Early Ambulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Pain Management', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,883,668
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.335', 'E02.831.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Iterative optimal design of PET experiments for estimating beta-adrenergic receptor concentration.
|
To estimate in vivo myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor concentration with sufficient precision and to reduce the experimental complexities in positron emission tomography (PET), an iterative optimal design method is applied. An initial three-injection protocol, utilising [F-18]-labelled (R)- and (S)-fluorocarazolol and unlabelled (S)-fluorocarazolol, is optimised for ligand dosages and administration times to maximise the precision of all model parameters using the D-optimal criterion. Using this experimental protocol, PET data are collected in porcine studies, and model parameters are estimated. All model parameters are identified with satisfactory precision. The in vivo myocardial beta-receptor concentration is 7.5+/-0.6 pmol x ml(-1), which corresponds to the in vitro result of 10.1+/-1.3 pmol x ml(-1). With more accurate parameter values, a simplified two-injection protocol is optimally designed, utilising only radiolabelled and unlabelled (S)-fluorocarazolol, based on a new criterion to maximise the precision of the beta-receptor concentration. This revised optimum design predicts that the in vivo beta-receptor concentration can be estimated with good precision but reduced experiment complexity.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Carbazoles', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Male', 'Models, Chemical', 'Myocardium', 'Propanolamines', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Swine', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 11,217,875
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['A07.541'], ['E05.599.495'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The unfolding: scenario planning in nursing.
|
An interdisciplinary consortium organized a group to explore the meaning and the future of nursing in South Dakota using scenario planning. This column provides a general description of the four scenarios that emerged, some observations about how they might evolve, comments on their implications, and first-person stories, as told by fictitious residents. The process of scenario planning is connected to nursing science by explicating how five lessons of scenario planning are linked with Parse's human becoming concepts of creative imagining, glimpsing the paradoxical, and affirming personal becoming.
|
['Forecasting', 'Human Development', 'Humans', 'Models, Nursing', 'Needs Assessment', 'Nursing', 'Nursing Research', 'Planning Techniques', 'Science', 'South Dakota', 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical', 'Workforce']
| 12,593,311
|
[['I01.320'], ['F01.525', 'G07.345.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.645'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['H02.478', 'N04.452.758.377'], ['H01.770.644.145.390', 'H02.478.395', 'N04.590.233.508.613'], ['N04.452.718'], ['H01.770'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.700'], ['N03.880', 'N05.715.360.825'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Preparation of a spectral probe derivative of the hemocyanin biopolymer: effects of allosteric interactions on the coupled binuclear copper active site.
|
A series of derivatives for both the arthropod and mollusc hemocyanin biopolymers has been prepared; the derivatives contain a small fraction of electron paramagnetic resonance-detectable half-met [Cu(II) CU(I)] sites dispersed among the non-detectable oxy binuclear copper active sites. Upon deoxygenation, large changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance signal of these half-met spectral probe derivatives are observed, which are further adjusted by the heterotropic effectors Ca2+ and H+. The active site structural changes indicated that these spectral changes as the hemocyanins go from a relaxed to a tensed quaternary structure are then discussed.
|
['Allosteric Site', 'Animals', 'Arthropods', 'Binding Sites', 'Copper', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Hemocyanins', 'Horseshoe Crabs', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Protein Binding']
| 6,283,534
|
[['G02.111.570.120.147'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D12.776.093.375', 'D12.776.556.462', 'D23.767.482'], ['B01.050.500.131.450'], ['D05'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Health economic burden that different wound types impose on the UK's National Health Service.
|
The aim of this study was to estimate the patterns of care and annual levels of health care resource use attributable to the management of different wound types by the UK's National Health Service (NHS) in 2012/2013 and the annual costs incurred by the NHS in managing them. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of the records of 2000 patients in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) Database. Patients' characteristics, wound-related health outcomes and all health care resource use were quantified, and the total NHS cost of patient management was estimated at 2013/2014 prices. The NHS managed an estimated 2·2 million patients with a wound during 2012/2013. Patients were predominantly managed in the community by general practitioners (GPs) and nurses. The annual NHS cost varied between £1·94 billion for managing 731 000 leg ulcers and £89·6 million for managing 87 000 burns, and associated comorbidities. Sixty-one percent of all wounds were shown to heal in an average year. Resource use associated with managing the unhealed wounds was substantially greater than that of managing the healed wounds (e.g. 20% more practice nurse visits, 104% more community nurse visits). Consequently, the annual cost of managing wounds that healed in the study period was estimated to be £2·1 billion compared with £3·2 billion for the 39% of wounds that did not heal within the study year. Within the study period, the cost per healed wound ranged from £698 to £3998 per patient and that of an unhealed wound ranged from £1719 to £5976 per patient. Hence, the patient care cost of an unhealed wound was a mean 135% more than that of a healed wound. Real-world evidence highlights the substantial burden that wounds impose on the NHS in an average year. Clinical and economic benefits to both patients and the NHS could accrue from strategies that focus on (a) wound prevention, (b) accurate diagnosis and (c) improving wound-healing rates.
|
['Cohort Studies', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom', 'Wound Healing', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 27,229,943
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['G16.762.891'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Central projections of sensory systems involved in honey bee dance language communication.
|
Honey bee dance language is a unique and complex form of animal communication used to inform nest mates in the colony about the specific location of food sources or new nest sites. Five different sensory systems have been implicated in acquiring and communicating the information necessary for dance language communication. We present results from neuronal tracer studies identifying the central projections from four of the five. Sensory neurons of the dorsal rim area of the compound eyes, involved in acquiring sun-compass based information, project to the dorsal-most part of the medulla. Sensory neurons of the neck hair plates, required to transpose sun-compass based information to gravity-based information in the dark hive, project to the dorsal labial neuromere of the subesophageal ganglion. Sensory neurons from the antennal joint hair sensilla and the Johnston's organ, which perceive information on dance direction and distance from mechanostimuli generated by abdomen waggling and wing vibration, project to the deutocerebral dorsal lobe and the subesophageal ganglion, and the posterior protocerebrum, respectively. We found no 'dance-specific' projections relative to those previously described for drone and queen honey bees and other insect species that do not exhibit dance communication. We suggest that the evolution of dance language communication was likely based on the modification of central neural pathways associated with path integration, the capability to calculate distance, and directional information during flight.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Animal Communication', 'Animals', 'Appetitive Behavior', 'Bees', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Sense Organs']
| 17,519,525
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['F01.145.113.055'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.111'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['A09']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A budget impact model for paclitaxel-eluting stent in femoropopliteal disease in France.
|
PURPOSE: The Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (Cook Ireland Ltd., Limerick, Ireland) represents an advance in endovascular treatments for atherosclerotic superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease. Clinical data demonstrate improved clinical outcomes compared to bare-metal stents (BMS). This analysis assessed the likely impact on the French public health care budget of introducing reimbursement for the Zilver PTX stent.METHODS: A model was developed in Microsoft Excel to estimate the impact of a progressive transition from BMS to Zilver PTX over a 5-year horizon. The number of patients undergoing SFA stenting was estimated on the basis of hospital episode data. The analysis from the payer perspective used French reimbursement tariffs. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) after primary stent placement was the primary outcome. TLR rates were based on 2-year data from the Zilver PTX single-arm study (6 and 9 %) and BMS rates reported in the literature (average 16 and 22 %) and extrapolated to 5 years. Net budget impact was expressed as the difference in total costs (primary stenting and reinterventions) for a scenario where BMS is progressively replaced by Zilver PTX compared to a scenario of BMS only.RESULTS: The model estimated a net cumulative 5-year budget reduction of <euro>6,807,202 for a projected population of 82,316 patients (21,361 receiving Zilver PTX). Base case results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION: Adoption of Zilver PTX could lead to important savings for the French public health care payer. Despite higher initial reimbursement for the Zilver PTX stent, fewer expected SFA reinterventions after the primary stenting procedure result in net savings.
|
['Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Budgets', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Femoral Artery', 'France', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Models, Economic', 'Paclitaxel', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Popliteal Artery']
| 23,073,560
|
[['C14.907.137'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['N03.219.463.060'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['C14.907.617'], ['A07.015.114.681']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Core-shell hierarchical mesostructured silica nanoparticles for gene/chemo-synergetic stepwise therapy of multidrug-resistant cancer.
|
The design and synthesis of hierarchically nanoporous structures for the co-encapsulation and sequential releases of different cargos are still great challenges in biomedical applications. In this work, we report on the elaborate design and controlled synthesis of a unique core-shell hierarchical mesoporous silica/organosilica nanosystem, in which there are large and small mesopores separately present in the shell and core, facilitating the independent encapsulations of large (siRNA) and small (doxorubicin) molecules, respectively. Importantly, the framework of the organosilica shell is molecularly hybridized with disulfide bonds, which enables the unique responsiveness to the reductive tumor microenvironment for the controlled releasing of loaded gene molecules, followed by the subsequent doxorubicin release. The first released large siRNA molecules from the organosilica shell down-regulated the expression of P-gp in the cell membrane and reversed the MDR of cancer cells, thus enhancing the antitumor effect of subsequently released small DOX molecules from the silica core, and in such a synergetic way the MDR tumor growth can be efficiently inhibited. This work shows the significant advantages compared to the traditional small-mesoporous or large-mesoporous nanosystems for drug co-delivery.
|
['Animals', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Nanoparticles', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Silicon Dioxide']
| 28,441,616
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphono analogues of glutathione as new inhibitors of glutathione S-transferases.
|
Phosphono-analogues of glutathione containing the O = P(OR)2 moiety in place of the cysteinyl residue CH2SH 1a-1d were prepared by solution phase peptide synthesis. Benzyl, benzyloxy-carbonyl, and tert-butyl protecting groups were used to mask the individual amino acid functional groups. The formation of peptide bonds was achieved by the usual peptide synthesis via activation of carboxylic functions with cyclohexylcarbodiimide and subsequent reaction with free amino groups. The thus obtained, fully-protected peptides were each purified by normal phase column chromatography. Deprotection was accomplished by hydrogenolysis and by treatment with HBr/acetic acid yielding the desired phosphonic acid diester 1a-1d. The inhibition of the glutathione conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by human placental glutathione S-transferase was studied by determining the IC50 values of the new glutathione analogues. The IC50 values were 291 microM, 139 microM, 64 microM, and 21 microM for the dimethyl, diethyl, diisopropyl, and di-n-butyl esters, respectively. The results clearly show that the formal substitution of the glutathione thiol function by phosphonic acid esters leads to a new class of glutathione S-transferase inhibitors. Further investigations directed at the question of whether or not these glutathione analogues are suitable for a modulation in chemotherapy are in progress.
|
['Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans']
| 8,997,900
|
[['D27.505.519.389'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The 33 carboxyl-terminal residues of Spa40 orchestrate the multi-step assembly process of the type III secretion needle complex in Shigella flexneri.
|
The type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) is a central virulence factor of many Gram-negative bacteria. Its overall morphology consists of a cytoplasmic region, inner- and outer-membrane sections and an extracellular needle. In Shigella, the length of the needle is regulated by Spa32. To understand better the role of Spa32 we searched for its interacting partners using a two-hybrid screen in yeast. We found that Spa32 interacts with the 33 C-terminal residues (CC*) of Spa40, a member of the conserved FlhB/YscU family. Using a GST pull-down assay we confirmed this interaction and identified additional interactions between Spa40 and the type III secretion components Spa33, Spa47, MxiK, MxiN and MxiA. Inactivation of spa40 abolished protein secretion and led to needleless structures. Genetic and functional analyses were used to investigate the roles of residues L310 and V320, located within the CC* domain of Spa40, in the assembly of the T3SA. Spa40 cleavage, at the conserved NPTH motif, is required for assembly of the T3SA and for its interaction with Spa32, Spa33 and Spa47. In contrast, unprocessed forms of Spa40 interacted only with MxiA, MxiK and MxiN. Our data suggest that the conformation of the cytoplasmic domain of Spa40 defines the multi-step assembly process of the T3SA.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Secretion Systems', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Transport', 'Shigella flexneri', 'Virulence Factors']
| 20,507,885
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D05.500.890.500'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B03.440.450.425.850.450', 'B03.660.250.150.730.210'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Effectiveness of the Within Our Reach Relationship Education Program for Couples: Findings from a Federal Randomized Trial.
|
This study examined the effectiveness of a couple-based relationship education program, Within Our Reach. Secondary data (n = 3,609) were analyzed from the federal Supporting Healthy Marriage project. Couples were randomly assigned to receive Within Our Reach and associated services or to a no-treatment (treatment-as-usual) control group. Those assigned to Within Our Reach reported better couple and individual outcomes on 8 of 12 outcomes measured (M ES = .15) at the 12-month follow-up and 6 of 10 outcomes measured at the 30-month follow-up (M ES = .14), including higher relationship happiness, more warmth and support, more positive communication, less negative behavior and emotion, less psychological abuse, less physical assault (for men), lower psychological distress (for women), and less infidelity. They were also less likely to report that their marriage was in trouble. These effects were generally small in size and many were replicated across the two follow-ups. There were no significant differences between those assigned to Within Our Reach versus control on cooperative parenting, severe psychological assault, or percent married. Implications for future research, programming, and policy are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Communication', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Education, Nonprofessional', 'Emotions', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Happiness', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Intimate Partner Violence', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Parenting', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 25,787,758
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['I02.233'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['F01.470.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['I01.198.240.856.575', 'I01.880.735.900.688'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low dose intrathecal ropivacaine with or without sufentanil provides effective analgesia and does not impair motor strength during labour: a pilot study.
|
PURPOSE: Although ropivacaine has been used to provide spinal anesthesia in the surgical population, its intrathecal administration for labour analgesia has only recently been described. We evaluated the effects of low dose intrathecal ropivacaine with or without sufentanil for labour analgesia.METHODS: Thirty-six term parturients in active labour were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg of intrathecal ropivacaine (group R) or 3 mg ropivacaine with 10 microg of sufentanil (group RS). Patients were evaluated by a blinded observer for hypotension, linear analogue score (VAS 0-100) for labour pain, motor power in the lower limbs, onset of analgesia, sensation to cold and pin prick, duration of analgesia, and neonatal Apgar scores. The following day patients were assessed for satisfaction, headache and neurologic deficit.RESULTS: The mean duration of analgesia in the R group was 41.4 +/- 4.9 min and 95.0 +/- 6.1 min in the RS group (mean +/- SEM, P=0.0001). All subjects had satisfactory analgesia at five minutes, although analgesia from the ropivacaine- sufentanil combination was superior to that provided by ropivacaine alone. Total duration of labour was no different between the groups (R- 306 +/- 34, RS- 384 +/- 44 min, P=0.17). No patient showed evidence of motor block. All patients were satisfied with the labour analgesia. No neurological complications were observed.CONCLUSIONS: Low dose ropivacaine provides effective analgesia during labour via the intrathecal route. It can be mixed with sufentanil in the above-mentioned concentrations to improve both the quality and duration of analgesia. Fetal outcome remains favourable. It may provide minimal or no motor block, to facilitate ambulation.
|
['Adjuvants, Anesthesia', 'Adult', 'Amides', 'Analgesia, Obstetrical', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pregnancy', 'Ropivacaine', 'Sufentanil']
| 11,495,875
|
[['D27.505.954.427.010'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065'], ['E03.091.110'], ['E03.155.086.331'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D02.065.199.825', 'D02.092.146.113.825'], ['D03.383.621.265.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Assessment of a blood preservation protocol for use in ferrets before transfusion.
|
Blood transfusion has been described in ferrets as a treatment for oestrus-associated anaemia and as a life-saving therapy following trauma, iatrogenic (usually surgery-induced) anaemia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and pure red cell aplasia. Although blood banking is a common method for storage of feline and canine blood it is not currently done with ferret blood. The aim of this study was to determine the shelf-life of ferret blood using the anticoagulant citrate-phosphate-dextrose-solution with adenine (CPDA). Two male ferrets were used as blood donors. From each ferret, 6 ml of blood was taken from the cranial vena cava and stored in 10 ml polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blood tubes containing 1 ml of CPDA solution. Blood was taken from each ferret once per month for five months. These 10 blood samples were stored in a laboratory refrigerator at 4°C for four weeks. Biochemical (glucose, pH, lactate, potassium, sodium) and haematological (haematocrit, light microscopic blood smear examination) analyses were performed on the stored blood at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Biochemical analyses revealed a progressive decrease from day seven in the stored blood pH, glucose and sodium, with a concomitant increase in lactate and potassium. These results are attributable to the ongoing metabolism and deterioration of the red blood cells (RBC) while in storage, and are more rapid than described for human or canine stored blood. Haematological analyses revealed a progressive elevation of the haematocrit due to the appearance of hypochromic red blood cells and echinocytes beginning at day 7. Haemolysis was observed in the microhaematocrit capillary tube sample by day 21, and microscopic clots were visible on the blood smear by day 28. The low blood pH and the appearance of many hypochromic RBCs and some echinocytes from day 7 in CPDA-stored ferret blood, suggest stored ferret blood has a short shelf-life when compared with stored human or canine blood. We recommend that ferret blood stored in CPDA should not be used for transfusion after seven days of storage at 4°C.
|
['Adenine', 'Animals', 'Anticoagulants', 'Blood Preservation', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Citrates', 'Cold Temperature', 'Erythrocytes', 'Ferrets', 'Glucose', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Phosphates', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Time Factors']
| 24,523,302
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E02.792.833.230', 'E05.760.833.230'], ['E02.095.135'], ['D02.241.081.901.434'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.350'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D05.750.728.764', 'D25.720.728.764', 'J01.637.051.720.728.764'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of immune responsiveness to Ascaris suum antigens in pigs vaccinated with ultraviolet-attenuated eggs.
|
Pigs fed Ascaris suum eggs attenuated by short wave ultraviolet-radiation developed resistance to challenge infection. Per os inoculation of pigs on three successive weeks with 10,000 eggs irradiated to total exposures of 150,100 and 75 microW-min/cm2, respectively, resulted in an 88% reduction in the number of larvae recovered from the lungs 7 days after challenge with 10,000 infective eggs. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from vaccinated pigs were specifically stimulated in vitro to incorporate tritiated thymidine by egg hatching fluid (Ea) and by excretory-secretory products obtained from cultures and from cultures of third-stage larvae developing to fourth-stage (L3-4). PBL were also specifically stimulated by living L2. Ea and L2 stimulated pig PBL significantly at 7 days after the first inoculation; responses to L2-3 and L3-4 developed 7 days after a second inoculation. The antigen-responsive cells in the PBL population were non-immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes. Antibodies to Ea and L2-3 were not detected in the serum of vaccinated pigs, and only 3 of 7 pigs had low concentrations of serum antibodies to L3-4.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens', 'Ascaris', 'Female', 'Ovum', 'Swine', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Attenuated']
| 6,889,778
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.108'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.811']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synaptophysin immunoreactivity and small clear vesicles in neuroendocrine cells and related tumours.
|
Synaptophysin (protein p38) immunoreactivity has been detected immunohistochemically in neuroendocrine cells of the human adrenal medulla, carotid body, skin, pituitary, thyroid, lung, pancreas and gastrointestinal mucosa as well as in 87 out of 93 neuroendocrine tumours investigated, including pheochromocytomas, chromaffin and non-chromaffin paragangliomas, ganglioneuromas, pituitary adenomas, thyroid medullary carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, lung carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas, pancreatic and gut endocrine tumours and cutaneous merkelomas. Parallel ultrastructural investigation of synaptophysin-reactive cells and tumours revealed the presence, in addition to dense-cored, secretory granules, of a population of pleomorphic, small, clear vesicles resembling synaptic vesicles of nerve terminals as well as the synaptophysin immunoreactive vesicles already described in rat adrenal medullary and pituitary cells. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity showed several differences in its distribution among tumour and non-tumour endocrine cells when compared to chromogranin A immunoreactivity, a well known marker of the core of endocrine granules. Synaptophysin represents a reliable general marker of neuroendocrine cells and tumours, which may be useful in diagnostic histopathology.
|
['Chromogranin A', 'Chromogranins', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Neoplasms', 'Neurosecretory Systems', 'Pancreas', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Synaptophysin']
| 3,134,611
|
[['D12.776.631.199.249'], ['D12.776.631.199', 'D12.776.811.185'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['C04'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713'], ['A03.734'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D12.776.543.488.875', 'D12.776.543.990.840', 'D12.776.631.800', 'D23.101.140.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
How college students diagnosed with anxiety disorders and/or depression use everyday technology.
|
Anxiety disorders and/or depression are the most frequently diagnosed mental health problems (MHP) among American college students. Everyday technology (EDT) is being used with those who have MHP to help them cope with the mental/cognitive disabilities arising from having anxiety and/or depression. Deveau investigated the types of EDT students with MHP use to manage their roles as college students. While this research indicated that individuals with MHP were open to learning about EDT they can use, the author recommended further investigation of the topic. This qualitative study further investigated what types of EDT college students use to manage their anxiety disorder and/or depression. Our research found that while college students with anxiety and depression are familiar with and willing to use EDT to help compensate for some of the issues they have resulting from their anxiety and depression, some reported that the use of EDT contributes to their problems. Implications for further investigation include continuing to examine the use of EDT amongst a larger group of college students. Future research should also investigate creating a peer run technology group, taught by interested student such as occupational therapy, psychology or computer science students to name a few, to inform students about apps to manage scheduling, routines, medication management and symptoms management. Additionally, the positive and negative aspects of social media and how to manage ones use of it use would be a relevant topic for group discussion.Implications for rehabilitationWhile most college students currently use everyday technology as a part of their lives, it has positive and negative meanings to college students who have anxiety and/or depression.Finding out what a user wants to do with technology and the meaning it has for them is a critical part of insuring the right match between a person and an assistive technology intervention.Consider a full range of no to high technology options when working with college students who experience the mental/cognitive disabilities resulting from mental health problems to identify assistive technology solutions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microcomputers', 'Mobile Applications', 'Self-Help Devices', 'Smartphone', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Universities', 'Young Adult']
| 30,318,942
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.080'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['L01.224.900.685'], ['E07.796'], ['L01.178.847.698.300.250', 'L01.224.230.260.550.500.750'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Virtual endoscopy view of ossicular chain in the congenital aural atresia].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of virtual endoscopy in assessing ossicular chain deformity in the congenital ear malformation.METHOD: In 23 cases 28 ears with congenital atresia of external auditory meatus. A high resolution spiral CT is used to display the temporal bone by axial and direct coronal planes. Perspective virtual endoscopy was processed using the virtual endoscopy software. To compare the views of the operative exploration and the virtual endoscopy then draw the responding conclusions.RESULT: Twenty-eight ears with congenital microtia were showed ossicular deformity in 25 ears, while flache pauke in 3 ears. Twenty-four ears treated by canaloplasty of external auditory meatus and tympanoplasty, hammer and incus hypoplasia in 19 ears, stapes abnormity were demonstrated in 11 ears, ossicles absence in 3 ears, vestibular window clausura in 1 ears. The coincidence between Virtual endoscopy and operating view were 100% in cases with congenital ear deformity.CONCLUSION: Virtual endoscopy can provide reliable information on the ossicles pathological conditions in congenital congenital aural atresia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Ear Canal', 'Ear Diseases', 'Ear Ossicles', 'Ear, External', 'Ear, Middle', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Infant', 'Software', 'Tomography, Spiral Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 17,580,714
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A09.246.272.396'], ['C09.218'], ['A09.246.397.247'], ['A09.246.272'], ['A09.246.397'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.703'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial Quantification of Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Lesions by Laser Capture Microdissection Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCM-LC/MS).
|
Tuberculosis is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improvements to existing drug regimens and the development of novel therapeutics are urgently required. The ability of dosed TB drugs to reach and sterilize bacteria within poorly-vascularized necrotic regions (caseum) of pulmonary granulomas is crucial for successful therapeutic intervention. Effective therapeutic regimens must therefore contain drugs with favorable caseum penetration properties. Current LC/MS methods for quantifying drug levels in biological tissues have limited spatial resolution capabilities, making it difficult to accurately determine absolute drug concentrations within small tissue compartments such as those found within necrotic granulomas. Here we present a protocol combining laser capture microdissection (LCM) of pathologically-distinct tissue regions with LC/MS quantification. This technique provides absolute quantification of drugs within granuloma caseum, surrounding cellular lesion and uninvolved lung tissue and, therefore, accurately determines whether bactericidal concentrations are being achieved. In addition to tuberculosis research, the technique has many potential applications for spatially-resolved quantification of drugs in diseased tissues.
|
['Animals', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Ethambutol', 'Female', 'Laser Capture Microdissection', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Rabbits', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 29,733,325
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['E01.370.225.998.221.580.500', 'E05.200.998.221.580.500', 'E05.591.560.500'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical study on the endothelial immune rejection after penetrating keratoplasty].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the grafts transparency and the endothelial immune rejection at different periods after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).METHODS: A following-up was performed on patients received PKP in Shandong Eye Institute and Hospital between January 1994 and December 1998. A total of 648 cases (648 eyes) were involved in this study, including 444 males (444 eyes) and 204 females (204 eyes). The incidence of endothelial immune rejection and grafts opacification at the time point of 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months postoperatively was collected. We made two curves to study the relationship between transparence of grafts and endothelial rejection. Relationship between the endothelial immune rejection and the types of corneal diseases before the operation was also analyzed.RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between grafts opacification and the endothelial immune rejection (linear regression and simple correlation, P < 0.01). The rate of rejection decreased after 3 years postoperatively. Inflammatory background was an important factor for the occurrence of endothelial immune rejection and graft opacification.CONCLUSIONS: After PKP, endothelial immune rejection is the critical factor for affecting the grafts transparency. Long-term follow-up of the patients is important for the maintaining of transparency of grafts and to obtain a successful result of the operation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Keratoplasty, Penetrating', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 15,840,342
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C11.204'], ['A09.371.060.067.318', 'A09.371.060.217.318', 'A10.272.491.318'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.095.147.725.225.350', 'E04.540.825.374.350', 'E04.936.580.225.350'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular cloning of the coding sequence of an interleukin-2 receptor alpha subunit cDNA in murine brain.
|
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has various trophic and neuromodulatory actions in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) is an accessory subunit of the IL-2 receptor heterotrimer complex which is essential for 'high' affinity IL-2 binding. Although an IL-2R alpha (or IL-2R alpha-like) epitope has been localized in brain by immunohistocytochemistry, it was unknown whether the IL-2R alpha subunit expressed in brain was derived from the same or a different gene than the lymphocyte IL-2R alpha. Therefore, in the present study, the cDNA comprising the full length coding region was cloned and sequenced from saline-perfused forebrain. The brain IL-2R alpha cDNA was found to be 100% homologous with the corresponding lymphocyte IL-2R alpha cDNA sequence. IL-2R alpha mRNA was expressed at very low levels in saline-perfused forebrain of non-challenged BALB/c mice as well as in saline-perfused forebrain from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The present data, demonstrating IL-2R alpha gene expression in both well-perfused normal and SCID mouse forebrain from which no CD3 gamma gene expression was detected by PCR, provides evidence that the IL-2R alpha clones isolated are from resident brain cells and not from blood lymphocytes (e.g. T lymphocytes). Thus, these findings demonstrate that the protein coding sequence of the mouse brain IL-2R alpha is derived from the same gene coding sequence as the lymphocyte IL-2R alpha, and indicate that previously reported differences in the size of their respective mRNA transcripts appear to be due to differences in untranslated regions.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prosencephalon', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2']
| 7,797,614
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-risk alcohol use and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors in patients with HIV infection in three primary health care clinics in South Africa.
|
Alcohol use may have a negative impact on the course of HIV disease and the effectiveness of its treatment. We studied patients with HIV who use alcohol and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors. Outcomes from this study may help in selecting patients from clinical practice with high-risk alcohol use and who are likely to benefit most from alcohol reduction interventions. In a cross sectional study in three primary health care clinics in Pretoria, South Africa, from January 2012 to June 2012, patients with HIV infection were interviewed and patients' medical files were reviewed to obtain data on levels of alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), patients' socio-demographic characteristics, HIV-related information, health related quality of life (WHOQoL-HIVBref), internalized AIDS stigma, symptoms of depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, bi- and multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 2230 patients (1483 [66.5%] female) were included. The median age was 37 years (interquartile range 31-43), 99.5% were black Africans, 1975 (88.6%) had started ART and the median time on ART was 22 months (interquartile range 9-40). No alcohol was used by 64% of patients, 8.9% were low risk drinkers, 25.1% of patients were hazardous or harmful drinkers and 2.0% had possible alcohol dependence. In multivariate analysis high-risk drinking was positively associated with male gender, never being married, tobacco use, a higher score for the 'level of independence'-domain measured with the WHOQoL-HIVBref questionnaire, and with more depressive symptoms compared to low-risk drinking. This study shows a high prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking in patients with HIV infection (especially men) attending primary health care clinics in South Africa. Routine screening for alcohol use should be introduced in these clinics and harm reduction interventions should be evaluated, taking into account associated factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcoholism', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Primary Health Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors', 'South Africa', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 27,448,655
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Research on the determination method of trace amount of Pb and Cd in animal bone].
|
A method for the determination of trace amount of Pb and Cd in animal bone using GFAAS has been established. The samples were determined directly after being diluted by TMAH solution. The method is handy and fast. The recovery is 96.95-103.15%. The RSD is less than 4.81%.
|
['Analytic Sample Preparation Methods', 'Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cadmium', 'Calibration', 'Lead', 'Temperature']
| 15,810,285
|
[['E05.196.059'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['E05.978.155'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mechanisms in in vivo release of lymphokines. III. Separation of gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) from cytotoxicity in inbred strains of mice.
|
Inbred strains of mice sensitized with BCG and challenged with old tuberculin (OT) vary in their capacity to release IFN gamma and MIF into circulation. Experiments were performed to correlate the presence of IFN gamma with that of the cytotoxic effect in an attempt to learn whether these two activities in the sera may be separated. Sera from eight inbred strains were obtained at times after challenge and assayed for IFN and for cytotoxic activity. A correlation did not exist between the titers of IFN gamma and the levels of cytotoxicity, i.e. sera from RF/J mice without detectable titers of IFN gamma had cytotoxic activity, while sera from C57BL/KsJ mice that had titers of IFN gamma were not cytotoxic. Regulation of IFN gamma titers could be achieved by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant to BCG sensitized mice. However, similar differences were not detected in cytotoxic activity. Therefore, IFN gamma may be released, or the activity of IFN gamma may be expressed in the circulation, in the absence of cytotoxicity.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Interferons', 'Lymphokines', 'Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains']
| 6,180,068
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G12.287'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.625', 'D12.776.467.374.480.625', 'D23.125.477.500', 'D23.529.374.480.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Single-channel properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channel in slow- and fast-twitch muscles of Rhesus monkeys.
|
RyR1 is the main isoform of ryanodine receptor expressed in fast- and slow-twitch mammalian skeletal muscles although differences in Ca2+-release kinetics and properties have been reported. Single-channel measurements reveal that a large proportion (82%) of Ca2+-release channels measured in slow-twitch muscle preparations have properties similar to those of the Ca2+-release channels of fast-twitch preparations, i.e. the same conductance, an identical sensitivity to caffeine and a bell-shaped Ca2+ activation curve for pCa (-log10[Ca2+]) 7 to 3. A low proportion (18%) of Ca2+-release channels observed in preparations from slow-twitch muscles were characterized by a very high activity level. These channels were not inhibited at a millimolar concentration of Ca2+. Our data suggest that the different properties of Ca2+ release in slow- and fast-twitch muscles might not be related to intrinsic properties of the Ca2+-release channels of each type of muscle but rather to the co-expression of two isoforms of ryanodine receptor and the lower amount of Ca2+-release channels expressed in slow- than in fast-twitch muscles.
|
['Animals', 'Caffeine', 'Calcium', 'Electrophysiology', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch', 'Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum']
| 9,644,234
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.600', 'A11.620.249.400'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.700', 'A11.620.249.700'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.800', 'D12.776.210.500.800', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.800', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.800'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.850', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.248.310.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Keratinocyte growth factor causes proliferation of urothelium in vivo.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a mesenchymally derived epithelial growth factor that can cause proliferation of pulmonary, gastrointestinal and mammary epithelia, on urothelium.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recombinant human KGF was systemically administered to rats and Rhesus monkeys, and the proliferative effects on the bladder were evaluated.RESULTS: Keratinocyte growth factor causes proliferation of transitional epithelial cells. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in rat bladder is dramatically increased along the basal layer of urothelium 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after daily injections of KGF. Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at 7 and 14 days in the urothelium of KGF-treated rats parallels PCNA immunoreactivity and confirms that KGF increases DNA synthesis in urothelial cells. Urothelial cell proliferation is accompanied histologically by an increase in mitotic activity. Keratinocyte growth factor-induced PCNA expression is reversible upon cessation of KGF administration. Keratinocyte growth factor mRNA and receptor mRNA are detected by whole organ RNAase protection assays of the urinary bladder and the kidney of normal rats. Rhesus monkeys receiving KGF for 7 days demonstrate a dramatic incorporation of BrdU in the urothelium of the bladder and renal pelvis as well as in the collecting ducts of the kidney.CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of KGF causes rapid and striking proliferation of urothelium.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 10', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 7', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Growth Substances', 'Kidney', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Growth Factor', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 7,658,592
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.436'], ['D12.644.276.624.200', 'D12.776.467.624.200', 'D23.529.624.200'], ['D12.644.276.624.170', 'D12.776.467.624.170', 'D23.529.624.170'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
LipidBlast templates as flexible tools for creating new in-silico tandem mass spectral libraries.
|
Tandem mass spectral libraries (MS/MS) are usually built by acquiring experimentally measured mass spectra from chemical reference compounds. We here show the versatility of in-silico or computer generated tandem mass spectra that are directly obtained from compound structures. We use the freely available LipidBlast development software to generate 15 000 MS/MS spectra of the glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (GlcADG) lipid class, recently discovered for the first time in plants. The generation of such an in-silico MS/MS library for positive and negative ionization mode took 5 h development time, including the validation of the obtained mass spectra. Such libraries allow for high-throughput annotations of previously unknown glycolipids. The publicly available LipidBlast templates are universally applicable for the development of MS/MS libraries for novel lipid classes.
|
['Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Computer Simulation', 'Glycolipids', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Molecular Structure', 'Molecular Weight', 'Reference Standards', 'Software', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 25,340,521
|
[['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['E05.916.680'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.978.808'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early and late results of surgical correction of pulmonary artery sling.
|
Since 1976, we have operated on 4 children with pulmonary vascular sling. They were 5, 12, 19, and 54 months old. All patients were seen initially with severe stridor. Diagnosis was made by barium swallow in all 4. Each child was operated on through a left thoracotomy; the left pulmonary artery was dissected deep between the trachea and esophagus. Systemic heparinization and microsurgical techniques were used. All patients improved after operation. Radioisotope pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scans were performed 9, 9, 14, and 21 months after operation. Decreased ventilation was noted in the right upper lobe of one scan; the other three ventilation scans were normal. Perfusion scans showed good patency of both pulmonary arteries in all 4 patients. It is concluded that pulmonary vascular slings should be treated surgically as soon as diagnosed. Delayed operation can lead to severe tracheomalacia, as demonstrated in our 54-month-old patient.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Replantation', 'Time Factors', 'Tracheal Diseases', 'Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio']
| 485,624
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites.
|
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the composite resin in a syringe showed a consistent shrinkage through its content. Additionally, the amount of linear shrinkage was compared between materials.METHODS: Five brands of syringe-type and one brand of carpule-type composite resins were used in this study. To each brand, two to three syringes were assigned. In the carpule-type composite, 15 carpules were used. The linear polymerization shrinkage was measured using a custom-made linometer. In this linometer, the amount of displacement of an aluminum disk, which was caused by the linear shrinkage of composite resin, was recorded by a computer every second for 90 s.RESULTS: The syringe-type composites showed similar consistencies in the amount of linear shrinkage except one. The linear shrinkage of the carpule-type Tetric Ceram showed more consistency compared with syringe-type composites. The amount of linear polymerization shrinkage varied between materials.SIGNIFICANCE: This investigation demonstrates that the use of carpule-type composites is recommended instead of syringe-types, because of the consistency in its linear shrinkage. The custom-made linometer provides an effective way to study polymerization shrinkage.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Composite Resins', 'Materials Testing', 'Pharmaceutical Vehicles', 'Polymers', 'Syringes']
| 10,863,446
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E05.570'], ['D26.650.700', 'D27.720.744.770', 'E02.319.300.754'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E07.877']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and severe ITP.
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INTRODUCTION: Platelets play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses. We report interstitial lung disease (ILD) developing during the acute phase of severe thrombocytopenia in 3 patients with severe refractory ITP.METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 3 cases with severe ITP who developed ILD in the course of refractory chronic ITP. The thrombocytopenia was severe in all cases. ILD was an incidental finding at the presentation and often misdiagnosed as lung infections. ILD was documented by lung biopsy in cases 1 and 2, supplemented by serial chest X-rays and/or CAT scan. As the ITP improved, ILD regressed in case 1, persisted in case 2, and progressed to advanced pulmonary fibrosis in case 3.CONCLUSION: We report an association of ILD with severe refractory ITP. ILD was detected in acute phase of platelet destruction, suggesting that platelet destruction may have triggered inflammation in the lung, leading to ILD.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Blood Platelets', 'Chronic Disease', 'Danazol', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins, Intravenous', 'Inflammation', 'Lung Diseases, Interstitial', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic', 'Radiography']
| 17,364,997
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.235'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.536', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.632', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.632', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.632'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C08.381.483'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['C08.381.765'], ['C15.378.100.802.687.600', 'C15.378.140.855.925.750.600', 'C15.378.463.740', 'C20.111.759', 'C20.841.600', 'C23.550.414.950.687.600', 'C23.888.885.687.687.600'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mitigation of heat stress-related complications by a yeast fermentate product.
|
Heat stress results in a multitude of biological and physiological responses which can become lethal if not properly managed. It has been shown that heat stress causes significant adverse effects in both human and animals. Different approaches have been proposed to mitigate the adverse effects caused by heat stress, among which are special diet and probiotics. We characterized the effect of the yeast fermentate EpiCor (EH) on the prevention of heat stress-related complications in rats. We found that increasing the body temperature of animals from 37.1±0.2 to 40.6±0.2°C by exposure to heat (45°C for 25min) resulted in significant morphological changes in the intestine. Villi height and total mucosal thickness decreased in heat-stressed rats pre-treated with PBS in comparison with control animals not exposed to the heat. Oral treatment of rats with EH before heat stress prevented the traumatic effects of heat on the intestine. Changes in intestinal morphology of heat-stressed rats, pre-treated with PBS resulted in significant elevation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) level in the serum of these animals. Pre-treatment with EH was effective in the prevention of LPS release into the bloodstream of heat-stressed rats. Our study revealed that elevation of body temperature also resulted in a significant increase of the concentration of vesicles released by erythrocytes in rats, pre-treated with PBS. This is an indication of a pathological impact of heat on the erythrocyte structure. Treatment of rats with EH completely protected their erythrocytes from this heat-induced pathology. Finally, exposure to heat stress conditions resulted in a significant increase of white blood cells in rats. In the group of animals pre-treated with EH before heat stress, the white blood cell count remained the same as in non-heated controls. These results showed the protective effect of the EH product in the prevention of complications, caused by heat stress.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Erythrocytes', 'Fermentation', 'Heat Stress Disorders', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Probiotics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 27,503,713
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['C26.522'], ['G07.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Laminaria use in midtrimester abortions induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha with urea and intravenous oxytocin.
|
A laminaria tent was used as an adjunct during midtrimester abortion to attempt to shorten the injection-abortion interval without adversely affecting the frequency of infection, hemorrhage, failed abortion, or cervical laceration. Eighty patients, between 14 and 20 weeks' gestation and desiring pregnancy termination, were randomized into three groups. Abortion was initiated by an intra-amniotic infusion of 20 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha and 80 gm of hyperosmolar urea in Ringer's lactate (135 ml total volume), followed by oxytocin infused intravenously at 333 mU/min. Group I (N = 28) received no additional therapy; Group II (N = 23) had laminaria placed at the time of the abortifacient injection and removed 4 hours later; Group III (N = 29) had laminaria placed 4 hours prior to inejction and removed at the time of injection. The injection-abortion intervals in these three groups were 17.76, 20.80, and 12.96 hours, respectively. This study illustrates that a laminaria tent palced 4 hours prior to injection is significantly more effective than a laminaria tent placed at the time of injection, and produces a shorter mean injection-abortion interval than that in patients receiving no laminaria. Furthermore, laminaria augmentation results in no demonstrable increase in the frequency of serious complications.
|
['Abortifacient Agents', 'Abortion, Induced', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amnion', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Oxytocin', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Prostaglandins F', 'Seaweed', 'Time Factors', 'Urea']
| 453,259
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of arsenic in air particulates and diesel exhaust particulates by spectrophotometry.
|
A method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic by spectrophotometry. The proposed method is rapid, simple, and inexpensive. This method can be used for sensitive determination of trace arsenic in environmental samples and especially in air particulates. The results obtained by this method as a proposed method were compared with those obtained by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry as a popular reported method for the determination of arsenic and an excellent agreement was found between them. The method was also used for determination of arsenic associated with airborne particulate matter and diesel exhaust particulates. The results showed that considerable amount of arsenic are associated with diesel engine particulates. The variation in concentration of arsenic was also investigated. The atmospheric concentration of arsenic was different in different sampling stations was dependent to the traffic density.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Arsenic', 'Cities', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Iran', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Vehicle Emissions']
| 15,900,780
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['D01.268.513.249'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['D20.832']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Late-onset and young-onset relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: evidence from a retrospective long-term follow-up study.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Late-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) has a prevalence of about 10-20% in natural history MS studies. Few data have been published about the long-term disease trajectory in the cohort of late-onset relapsing-remitting MS (LORRMS). The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for reaching an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 6.0 in LORRMS (onset at >40 years of age) and young-onset relapsing-remitting MS (YORRMS) (onset between 18 and 40 years of age).METHODS: Clinical and radiological [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain] follow-up data were collected. Disability was assessed by EDSS score. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the demographic and clinical predictors of reaching an EDSS score of 6.0 in the two cohorts.RESULTS: A total of 671 patients with relapsing-remitting MS were enrolled, 143 (21.3%) with LORRMS and 528 (78.7%) with YORRMS. In LORRMS, age at onset was 47.8 ± 5.3 (mean ± SD) years and duration of follow-up was 120.7 ± 52.7 months. In YORRMS, age at onset was 27 ± 2.7 years and duration of follow-up was 149.9 ± 92.7 months. The survival curve analyses showed a higher probability of reaching an EDSS score of 6.0 for LORRMS in a shorter time (months) than for YORRMS (94.2 vs. 103.2 months; log-rank 8.8; P < 0.05). On MRI, YORRMS showed more brain inflammatory features than LORRMS. In the multivariate Cox model, age at onset [Exp(B) value, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-22.6; P < 0.001] and male gender [Exp(B) value, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.8; P < 0.05] were the strongest predictors of reaching an EDSS score of 6.0.CONCLUSIONS: The male population with LORRMS reached severe disability faster than those with YORRMS, even when YORRMS showed more brain inflammatory features on MRI.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Brain', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 29,956,427
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.400'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neurotoxic effects of methylene chloride: are they long lasting in humans?
|
The neurotoxicity of methylene chloride (MC) is of special interest because of its acute effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and its metabolic conversion to carbon monoxide. A cohort study of retired airline mechanics was conducted to examine the hypothesis that long term exposure to MC results in lasting effects on the CNS. Retirees were studied to eliminate effects of current occupational exposures. The total retiree population (n = 1758) was surveyed to identify mechanics who met specific occupational, demographic, and medical criteria. A group of eligible retirees having long term exposure to MC and another group with low probability of exposure to solvents were given a comprehensive battery of physiological and psychological tests. The exposure groups were similar for all potential confounders that were measured. No statistically significant differences between groups were detected on outcome measures, although subtle differences in attention and memory were identified. Thus no firm evidence was found to support the hypothesis of lasting CNS effects in retired mechanics with long term exposure to MC.
|
['Aged', 'Attention', 'Brain', 'Color Perception', 'Humans', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Methylene Chloride', 'Motor Activity', 'Muscles', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Reaction Time', 'Smell', 'Space Perception']
| 2,064,980
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['D02.455.526.439.642'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['F02.463.593.778']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Modification of the immobilized metal affinity electrophoresis using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
|
Modification to the original immobilized metal affinity electrophoresis (IMAEP) technique is presented. SDS-PAGE is used instead of native PAGE for improved extraction of phosphoproteins from a mixture of proteins. Protein samples treated with 2% w/v SDS instead of native sample buffer ensure that proteins are negatively charged. These negative charges on the proteins assure that the proteins migrate electrophoretically towards the anode regardless of their pI values and hence pass through the region embedded with the metal ions. Another benefit of treating proteins with SDS is that it unfolds the phosphoproteins exposing the phosphate groups to facilitate the metal-phosphate interactions. Phosphorylated ovalbumin can only be extracted after SDS sample buffer treatment. Data show that there is no detrimental effect upon SDS treatment on the extraction of phosphoproteins from a mixture of proteins. Electrophoretic migration of phosphoproteins ceases upon encounter with metal ions like Al+3, Ti+3, Fe+3, Fe+2, and Mn+2 whereas non-phosphorylated proteins migrate freely.
|
['Aluminum', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Caseins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Manganese', 'Metals', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Ovalbumin', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Serum Albumin', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Titanium']
| 18,633,940
|
[['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['D01.552'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['D12.644.717'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracranial hemorrhagic lesions: evaluation with spin-echo and gradient-refocused MR imaging at 0.5 and 1.5 T.
|
Twenty patients with intracranial hemorrhage were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 and 1.5 T within 2 hours on the two imagers for lesions less than 30 days old and within 24 hours for lesions older than 30 days. MR studies included T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) and T2*-weighted gradient-refocused (GR) pulse sequences at each field strength. The number of lesions identified and the characteristics (ie, signal intensity of the margin, body, and core) of each hemorrhagic lesion were assessed and compared by means of the three pulse sequences at each field strength. Lesion depiction and characterization were superior (P less than .01) at 1.5 T with T2-weighted SE sequences. Improved depiction and characterization of lesions 300 or more days old (P less than .01) accounted for this result. With the GR sequence, depiction and characterization were similar at both field strengths. The GR sequence did not provide significant additional information about hemorrhage at 1.5 T in this series, but it improved depiction and characterization of hemorrhage at 0.5 T.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 2,740,502
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Balancing selection on MHC class I in wild brown trout Salmo trutta.
|
Evidence is reported for balancing selection acting on variation at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in wild populations of brown trout Salmo trutta. First, variation at an MHC class I (satr-uba)-linked microsatellite locus (mhc1) is retained in small S. trutta populations isolated above waterfalls although variation is lost at neutral microsatellite markers. Second, populations across several catchments are less differentiated at mhc1 than at neutral markers, as predicted by theory. The population structure of these fish was also elucidated.
|
['Animals', 'Genes, MHC Class I', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Trout']
| 22,957,875
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.610.595', 'G05.360.340.024.380.500.595', 'G12.500.500.595'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['G05.783'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three-dimensional histomorphometry of the normal and early glaucomatous monkey optic nerve head: neural canal and subarachnoid space architecture.
|
PURPOSE: To delineate three dimensionally the neural canal landmarks-Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), anterior sclera canal opening (ASCO), anterior laminar insertion (ALI), posterior laminar insertion (PLI), and posterior scleral canal opening (PSCO)-and the anterior-most aspect of the subarachnoid space (ASAS), within digital three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of the monkey optic nerve head (ONH).METHODS: The trephinated ONH and peripapillary sclera from both eyes of three early glaucoma (EG) monkeys (one eye normal, one eye with laser-induced EG) were serial sectioned at 3-microm thickness, with the embedded tissue block face stained and imaged after each cut. The images were aligned and stacked in a 3-D volume, within which the BMO, ASCO, ALI, PLI, PSCO, and ASAS were delineated in 40 digital, radial, and sagittal sections. An ellipse was fitted to the 80 BMO points to establish a BMO zero reference plane, on which all other points were projected. The distance from each projected point to the BMO centroid (offset) and BMO zero reference plane (depth) were calculated and compared regionally between normal and EG eyes, both overall and within each monkey, by analysis of variance.RESULTS: BMO was the clinically visible optic disc margin in all six eyes. The neural canal architecture was highly variable in the three normal eyes. Radial expansion of the neural canal was greatest posteriorly in the EG eyes. Axial elongation of the canal was less pronounced overall but was regionally present within all three EG eyes. ASAS was regionally radially expanded and anteriorly displaced within two of the three EG eyes.CONCLUSIONS: Profound deformation of the neural canal and ASAS architecture are present in young adult monkey eyes at the onset of ONH surface change in early experimental glaucoma.
|
['Animals', 'Bruch Membrane', 'Glaucoma', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Optic Disk', 'Optic Nerve Diseases', 'Subarachnoid Space']
| 17,591,889
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.894.223.250', 'A10.272.220.250', 'A10.615.179.250'], ['C11.525.381'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['C10.292.700', 'C11.640'], ['A08.186.566.166.686']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Giant cell fibroblastoma of the vulva at the site of a previous fibroepithelial stromal polyp: a case report.
|
BACKGROUND: Giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF) is an unusual soft tissue tumor, occurring predominantly in infants and children, and rarely in adults. Giant cell fibroblastoma develops de novo in the dermis or subcutis with a predilection for the extremities, the abdominal and chest walls, umbilical and inguinal regions.CASE: A GCF arose at the same site (labium majus of vulva) as a previous cellular fibroepithelial stromal polyp in a 28-year-old woman.CONCLUSION: We report a case of GCF of the vulva, an unreported site.
|
['Adult', 'Dermatofibrosarcoma', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Giant Cell Tumors', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Polyps', 'Stromal Cells', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']
| 17,415,117
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350.320', 'C04.557.450.795.350.320'], ['E01.171'], ['C04.557.450.565.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.595', 'C04.557.470.625'], ['C04.692'], ['C23.300.825'], ['A11.329.830'], ['C04.588.945.418.968', 'C13.351.500.944.819', 'C13.351.937.418.968']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A case of primary papillary disseminated adenocarcinoma of canine lung.
|
Primary lung tumors are rare in dogs, whereas pulmonary metastatic neoplastic involvement is common. We describe a case of a 12-year-old male, mixed-breed dog with a 3-month history of coughing and dyspnea. The investigating protocol, which also includes transcutaneous pulmonary biopsy, allowed a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma that necroscopic findings confirmed as a primary neoplasia. The tumor exhibited a nodular-disseminated growth, mimicking the metastatic involvement of the lung, instead of the single-mass appearance that has been observed by other authors. The present report indicates that, although the incidence of canine primary lung neoplasms is markedly low, this condition must be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases that cause coughing and dyspnea in older dogs.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Papillary', 'Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male']
| 20,461,460
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.085'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Accuracy of halothane vaporizers with respect to temperature, carrier gas composition and gas flow rate].
|
Since the precise measurement of halothane-concentration in the patients gas support during routine anesthesia still requires much effort, the accuracy of the vaporizers halothane output remains important for the safety of anesthesia and the education of younger anesthesiologists. In the present study 30 halothane vaporizers (14 Fluotec Mark 3/Cyprane Ltd., 12 Vapor 19/Dr?ger, 4 Abingdon/Penlon) were removed from the operating rooms in the University Hospital G?ttingen to test their accuracy. The measurements were performed with a masspectrometer under standardized laboratory conditions with varied temperatures (10 degrees, 21 degrees, 35 degrees C), gasflows (3, 5, 8 l/min) and compositions of carrier gas (100% O2, N2O/O2 = 2/1). All vaporizers in this study showed a light tendency to higher halothane outputs for low concentration adjustments and to distinct lower outputs for higher concentration adjustments. The Vapor 19 vaporizers compensated well with changes of temperatures and gasflows but had a distinct dependency on carriers gas compositions. The Fluotec Mark 3 vaporizers output depended on the temperature and gasflow but was almost unaffected by the carrier gas composition. Tremendous deviations appeared with the Abingdon vaporizers, which seamed to be without any temperature compensation and which were highly gas flow dependent. It can be concluded from our results that vaporizers according to their construction tend to be imprecise.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Anesthesiology', 'Halothane', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Oxygen', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 4,073,446
|
[['E03.155'], ['H02.403.066'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Oligomycin A induces autophagy in the IPLB-LdFB insect cell line.
|
Functional and morphological modifications in the IPLB-LdFB insect cell line were examined following a short treatment with a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, oligomycin A, and subsequent incubation for various times in oligomycin-A-free medium. Oncosis, apoptosis and autophagy at variable percentages were observed under the various experimental conditions. Together with oncotic and apoptotic pathways that lead directly to cell death, the insect cells responded to ATP depletion with autophagy. Our results revealed that, in most cases, autophagy failed to restore cellular homeostasis, probably because of a massive sequestration of mitochondria in autophagic vacuoles. This critical event was a "point of no return" and ultimately resulted in cell necrosis. However, cells with a misshapen body and nucleus resembling "resistant forms" were observed at the end of the experiments. Our findings indicate that oligomycin-A-induced autophagy can promote cell protection or cell destruction and is an open-ended process that can lead to survival or death depending on a combination of concomitant factors.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Autophagy', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Insecta', 'Oligomycins']
| 16,767,407
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G04.011'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['D02.540.505.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does the respiratory distress syndrome in twins and singletons run different risks of persistent ductus arteriosus?
|
The incidence and evolution of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was evaluated in twins and preterm singletons with birth weight less than or equal to 1750 g admitted to our Department in 1987 for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Screening by echocardiography and Doppler-flow studies (AT MK 600) was performed on the third day of life. Out of 91 neonates who needed intubation and ventilation during this 12-month period (23.8% of admissions), 40 weighed less than 1750 g and of these 40, 14 were twins (35%). Hemodynamically significant PDA was documented in 13 patients; of these, only 5 were preterm singletons and 8 were twins. Two twins weighing less than 1000 g received no therapy for ductus closure; one ductus closed spontaneously, the other had an early demise. Three twins and 2 preterm singletons received indomethacin; one of the twins needed a second cycle for definitive ductus closure. Three twins and three preterm singletons underwent surgery, while one twin died on the 10th postoperative day. Screening and early therapy of PDA during RDS could be of great clinical importance. Twinning seems to play a role in the incidence and evolution of PDA and this needs to be evaluated in further studies.
|
['Diseases in Twins', 'Ductus Arteriosus, Patent', 'Echocardiography', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Neonatal Screening', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,698,575
|
[['C23.550.291.750'], ['C14.240.400.340', 'C14.280.400.340', 'C16.131.240.400.340'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614.521'], ['E01.370.225.910', 'E01.370.500.580', 'E05.200.910', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443.816', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.575', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.580', 'N06.850.780.500.580'], ['C08.381.840.500', 'C08.618.840.500', 'C16.614.521.563'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic study of codeine, norcodeine, and morphine as indicators of codeine ingestion.
|
A simple quantitative method for determining codeine, norcodeine, and morphine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. Urine samples are hydrolyzed and extracted through differential pH extraction. The subsequent use of HPLC allowed separation and quantitation on a reverse phase system with ultraviolet detection. A comparison study of the concentrations of single and therapeutic doses of codeine in urine over a period of time showed that morphine, the major metabolite, increases in proportion to codeine, eventually surpasses the codeine level, and remains higher for the duration of time that the drugs are detectable.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Codeine', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Morphine', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Time Factors']
| 6,716,978
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.149', 'D03.605.497.607.204', 'D03.633.400.686.607.204', 'D04.615.723.795.576.149'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of phthalic acid esters and phenols in surface sediment from urban rivers in Northeast China.
|
Concentration and spatial distribution of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and eight phenols in sediments of urban rivers, namely the Xi River (XR) and Pu River (PR) in Shenyang city, Northeast China were investigated and the ecological risk of these target pollutants was assessed based on the risk quotient (RQ) approach. Target PAEs and phenols were detected in most of sediment samples collected from the XR and PR. The concentrations of total PAEs in sediments varied from 22.4 to 369 ìg/g dw in the XR and 3.71-46.9 ìg/g dw in the PR. The levels of phenols ranged from 2.72 to 106 ìg/g dw in the XR and 0.811-25.0 ìg/g dw in the PR, respectively. The dominant pollutants in both XR and PR were DEHP, phenol and 4-methylphnol. The sampling locations XR1-3 in the XR suffered severe contamination from PAEs and phenols. The sites PR1 and PR6 were heavily polluted by phenols and PAEs, respectively. Almost all target PAEs and phenolic compounds in sediment of the XR exhibited medium or high ecological risk to organisms and the ecological risk in the PR mainly originated from PEAs, phenol and 4-methylphenol. These results would provide guidance for individual pollutant control and indicate that it is imperative to take some effective measures to reduce the pollution of those contaminants.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Cities', 'Daphnia', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Esters', 'Fishes', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Phenols', 'Phthalic Acids', 'Plants', 'Risk Assessment', 'Rivers', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 27,209,337
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.150.200'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D02.241.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D02.241.223.805'], ['B01.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[The DASH questionnaire. French translation of a trans-cultural adaptation].
|
The DASH (Disability of Arm-Shoulder-Hand) is a self-administered questionnaire developed in 1994 by representatives of the Institute for Work & Health (IWH) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). It measures the physical disability and symptoms for all upper limb disorders in a heterogeneous population and for acute as well as chronic disorders. The original american version has been already tested for reliability and validity. Interest in the DASH was raised by several European publications. It appeared that the DASH could provide a common measure for upper extremity physical disability in Northern America and European countries. For this cross-cultural adaptation, we followed the guidelines developed by the Institute for Work & Health and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Five translations and two "back-translations" were compared, aiming to semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence. The final version has been tested in 223 patients presenting a variety of traumatic or non traumatic disorders. 208 questionnaires (93%) were valid because there was less than 4 missing answers. This final version has been proposed to American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in order to be endorsed as an official translation. This could improve assessment for international studies by establishing standard measures.
|
['Arm Injuries', 'Cultural Characteristics', 'Disabled Persons', 'Elbow', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Orthopedics', 'Semantics', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 11,582,907
|
[['C26.088'], ['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['M01.150'], ['A01.378.800.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['H02.403.810.494'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A method for linking computed image features to histological semantics in neuropathology.
|
In medical image analysis the image content is often represented by features computed from the pixel matrix in order to support the development of improved clinical diagnosis systems. These features need to be interpreted and understood at a clinical level of understanding Many features are of abstract nature, as for instance features derived from a wavelet transform. The interpretation and analysis of such features are difficult. This lack of coincidence between computed features and their meaning for a user in a given situation is commonly referred to as the semantic gap. In this work, we propose a method for feature analysis and interpretation based on the simultaneous visualization of feature and image domain. Histopathological images of meningiomas WHO (World Health Organization) grade I are represented by features derived from color transforms and the Discrete Wavelet Transform. The wavelet-based feature space is then visualized and explored using unsupervised machine learning methods. We show how to analyze and select features according to their relevance for the description of clinically relevant characteristics.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Meningioma', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Semantics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Subtraction Technique']
| 17,698,418
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.760']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Escherichia coli survival in groundwater and effluent measured using a combination of propidium iodide and the green fluorescent protein.
|
AIMS: The aim of this study was to deterimine the survival of an enteric bacterium in anaerobic groundwater and effluent microcosms using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene in combination with the viability indicator propidium iodide (PI).METHODS AND RESULTS: The pEGFP vector (Clontech) was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5alpha and was stable for at least 100 generations of growth in nonselective medium at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Using an epifluorescent microscope, GFP cells could be detected under blue light (450-490 nm) and the numbers of PI-positive GFPs could be detected under green light (530-560 nm). GFP-tagged E. coli could be detected for at least 132 d in sterilized water microcosms. GFP fluorescence was not lost from the culturable cell population for the duration of the experiment. However, a slow decline in the number of GFP-fluorescent cells in sterilized groundwater was observed. Escherichia coli die-off and loss of green fluorescence was more rapid in nonsterilized waters than in sterilized. Viable numbers of the GFP-tagged E. coli determined by PI counterstaining were compatible with numbers of colony-forming units.CONCLUSIONS: The long-term survival of E. coli and maintainance of GFP-conferred fluorescence in these cells was demonstrated in both groundwater and effluent, under sterilized conditions. However, severe starvation and/or the presence of indigenous microorganisms were found to be factors affecting the maintenance of fluorescence in dead or dying cells.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrates the successful application of PI with GFP-tagging to monitor long-term bacterial survival in nutrient-limited conditions and mixed microbial populations.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Escherichia coli', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Plasmids', 'Propidium', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Supply']
| 12,067,376
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D12.776.532'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D03.633.300.633.700'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of response preparation on developmental improvements in inhibitory control.
|
Studies in adults indicate that response preparation is crucial to inhibitory control, but it remains unclear whether preparation contributes to improvements in inhibitory control over the course of childhood and adolescence. In order to assess the role of response preparation in developmental improvements in inhibitory control, we parametrically manipulated the duration of the instruction period in an antisaccade (AS) task given to participants from ages 8 to 31 years. Regressions showing a protracted development of AS performance were consistent with existing research, and two novel findings emerged. First, all participants showed improved performance with increased preparation time, indicating that response preparation is crucial to inhibitory control at all stages of development. Preparatory processes did not deteriorate at even the longest preparatory period, indicating that the youngest participants were able to sustain preparation at even the longest interval. Second, developmental trajectories did not differ for different preparatory period lengths, highlighting that the processes supporting response preparation continue to mature in tandem with improvements in AS performance. Our findings suggest that developmental improvements are not simply due to an inhibitory system that is faster to engage but may also reflect qualitative changes in the processes engaged during the preparatory period.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Development', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Male', 'Reaction Time', 'Regression Analysis', 'Saccades']
| 20,347,061
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.525.049', 'G07.345.374.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G14.350.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Id-1 as a molecular target in therapy for breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
|
Mammary epithelial cells constitutively expressing Id-1 protein are unable to differentiate, acquire the ability to proliferate, and invade the extracellular matrix. In addition, Id-1 is aberrantly over-expressed in aggressive and metastatic breast cancer cells, as well as in human breast tumor biopsies from infiltrating carcinomas, suggesting Id-1 might be an important regulator of breast cancer progression. We show that human metastatic breast cancer cells become significantly less invasive in vitro and less metastatic in vivo when Id-1 is down-regulated by stable transduction with antisense Id-1. Expression of the matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is decreased in proportion to the decrease in Id-1 protein levels, representing a potential mechanism for the reduction of invasiveness. Further, to more accurately recapitulate the biology of and potential therapeutic approaches to tumor metastasis, we targeted Id-1 expression systemically in tumor-bearing mice by using a nonviral approach. We demonstrate significant reduction of both Id-1 and MT1-MMP expressions as well as the metastatic spread of 4T1 breast cancer cells in syngeneic BALB/c mice. In conclusion, our studies have identified Id-1 as a critical regulator of breast cancer progression and suggest the feasibility of developing novel therapeutic approaches to target Id-1 expression to reduce breast cancer metastasis in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Progression', 'Down-Regulation', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 14', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Phenotype', 'Plasmids', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Retroviridae', 'Transcription Factors']
| 14,578,451
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.930.329.249'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.300', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.300', 'D12.776.543.493'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E05.624'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polypharmacology by Design: A Medicinal Chemist's Perspective on Multitargeting Compounds.
|
Multitargeting compounds comprising activity on more than a single biological target have gained remarkable relevance in drug discovery owing to the complexity of multifactorial diseases such as cancer, inflammation, or the metabolic syndrome. Polypharmacological drug profiles can produce additive or synergistic effects while reducing side effects and significantly contribute to the high therapeutic success of indispensable drugs such as aspirin. While their identification has long been the result of serendipity, medicinal chemistry now tends to design polypharmacology. Modern in vitro pharmacological methods and chemical probes allow a systematic search for rational target combinations and recent innovations in computational technologies, crystallography, or fragment-based design equip multitarget compound development with valuable tools. In this Perspective, we analyze the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery and the versatile toolbox to design polypharmacology. We conclude that despite some characteristic challenges remaining unresolved, designed polypharmacology holds enormous potential to secure future therapeutic innovation.
|
['Animals', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Drug Design', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Machine Learning', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Models, Animal', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 30,035,545
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['G03.493'], ['E05.598'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A simple framework for assessing technical skills in a resident observed structured clinical examination (OSCE): vaginal laceration repair.
|
OBJECTIVES: Educators of trainees in procedure-based specialties need focused assessment tools that are valid, objective, and assess technical skills in a realistic context. A framework for hybrid assessment using standardized patient scenarios and bench skills testing might facilitate evaluation of competency.METHODS: Seven PGY-1 obstetrics and gynecology residents participated in a hybrid assessment that used observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) by a standardized patient who had sustained a vaginal laceration during vaginal delivery. The residents elicited a history and counseled the patient, and then completed a laceration repair on a pelvic model. The residents were rated on their performance in the scenario, which included issues of cultural competency, rapport-building, patient counseling. The technical skills were videotaped and rated using a modified global assessment form by 2 faculty members on a 3-point scale from "not done" to "partly done" to "well-done." Residents also completed a subjective assessment of the station.RESULTS: Mean technical performance of the residents on the technical skills was 55% "well-done," with a range of 20%-90%. The assessment identified 3 residents as below the mean, and 1 resident with areas of deficiency. Subjective assessment by the residents was that juggling the technical, cognitive, and affective components of the examination was challenging.CONCLUSIONS: Technical skills can be included in a case-based assessment using scenarios that address a range of cognitive and affective skills required of physicians. Results may help training programs assess individuals' abilities as well as identify program needs for curricular improvement. This framework might be useful in setting standards for competency and identifying poor performers.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Educational Measurement', 'Episiotomy', 'Female', 'Gynecology', 'Humans', 'Lacerations', 'Manikins', 'Obstetrics', 'Vagina']
| 23,337,664
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E04.520.252'], ['I02.399'], ['E04.520.252.750'], ['H02.403.763.750', 'H02.403.810.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.540'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129.400', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129.400'], ['H02.403.810.450'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Exosomes from EV71-infected oral epithelial cells can transfer miR-30a to promote EV71 infection.
|
OBJECTIVE: As an extracellular vesicle, exosomes can release from virus-infected cells containing various viral or host cellular elements and could stimulate recipient's cellular response. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and bring about severe clinical diseases.METHODS: Separated the human oral epithelial cells (OE cells) from normal buccal mucosa through enzyme digestion. Performed a comprehensive miRNA profiling in exosomes from EV71-infected OE cells through deep small RNA-seq. Using the Human Antiviral Response RT Profiler PCR Array profiles to explore the interactions of innate immune signaling networks with exosomal miR-30a. Knocked out the MyD88 gene in macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing method.RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that the miR-30a was preferentially enriched in exosomes that released from EV71-infected human oral epithelial cells through small RNA-seq. We found that the transfer of exosomal miR-30a to macrophages could suppress type ? interferon response through targeting myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and subsequently facilitate the viral replication.CONCLUSIONS: Exosomes released from EV71-infected OE cells selectively packaged high level of miR-30a that can be functionally transferred to the recipient macrophages resulted in targeting MyD88 and subsequently inhibited type I interferon production in receipt cells, thus promoting the EV71 replication.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Enterovirus A, Human', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Exosomes', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Humans', 'Interferon Type I', 'Macrophages', 'MicroRNAs', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'RNA-Seq']
| 31,958,204
|
[['A11.251'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.180'], ['A11.436'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['E05.393.332.250', 'E05.393.760.319.500', 'E05.393.760.710.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Are model parameters linked to processing stages? An empirical investigation for the ex-Gaussian, ex-Wald, and EZ diffusion models.
|
In previous research, the parameters of the ex-Gaussian distribution have been subject to a wide variety of interpretations. The present study investigated whether the ex-Gaussian model is capable of distinguishing effects on separate processing stages (i.e., pre-motor vs. motor). In order to do so, we used datasets where the locus of effect was quite clear. Specifically, we analyzed data from experiments comparing hand vs. foot responses-presumably differing in the motor stage-and from experiments in which the lateralized readiness potential was used to localize experimental effects into premotor vs. motor processes. Moreover, we broadened the scope to two other descriptive RT models: the ex-Wald and EZ diffusion models. To the extent possible with each of these models, we reanalyzed the RT data of 19 clearly localized experimental effects from 12 separate experiments reported in seven previously published articles. Unfortunately, we did not find a clear pattern of results for any of the models, with no clear link between effects on one of the model's parameters and effects on different processing stages. The present results suggest that one should resist the temptation to associate specific processing stages with individual parameters of the ex-Gaussian, ex-Wald, and EZ diffusion models.
|
['Data Analysis', 'Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Normal Distribution', 'Reaction Time']
| 30,949,790
|
[['H01.548.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Antigen-specific early primary humoral responses modulate immunodominance of B cell epitopes.
|
Accumulation of primary Abs against two distinct epitopes on a designed polypeptide, MEP-1, was examined. The early primary response was predominantly against a C-terminal epitope (MEP 77-100), although subsequent maturation established an epitope within the N-terminal half (MEP 17-31) as the immunodominant one. Inversion of immunodominance correlated with the inability of anti-MEP 77-100 B cells to interact productively with T cells, which consequently received reduced help. Interaction between epitope-specific B and T cells was found to be attenuated in the presence of early primary anti-MEP-1 antiserum, and the extent of inhibition was directly proportional to the level and affinity of epitope-specific Igs. Therefore, it seems that early primary Abs to a multideterminant Ag selectively down-regulate maturation of epitope-specific primary humoral responses.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Antigens', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Cooperation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Time Factors']
| 7,519,207
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.504'], ['D23.050.327.495.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['G04.502', 'G12.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and distribution by synapse position and neuronal activity in the axon.
|
Proper distribution of axonal mitochondria is critical for multiple neuronal functions. To understand the underlying mechanisms for population behavior, quantitative characterisation of elemental dynamics on multiple time scales is required. Here we investigated the stability and transport of axonal mitochondria using live-cell imaging of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. We first characterised the long-term stability of stationary mitochondria. At a given moment, about 10% of the mitochondria were in a state of transport and the remaining 90% were stationary. Among these stationary mitochondria, 40% of them remained in the same position over several days. The rest of the mitochondria transited to mobile state stochastically and this process could be detected and quantitatively analysed by time-lapse imaging with intervals of 30 min. The stability of axonal mitochondria increased from 2 to 3 weeks in culture, was decreased by tetrodotoxin treatment, and was higher near synapses. Stationary mitochondria should be generated by pause of moving mitochondria and subsequent stabilisation. Therefore, we next analysed pause events of moving mitochondria by repetitive imaging at 0.3 Hz. We found that the probability of transient pause increased with field stimulation, decreased with tetrodotoxin treatment, and was higher near synapses. Finally, by combining parameters obtained from time-lapse imaging with different time scales, we could estimate transition rates between different mitochondrial states. The analyses suggested specific developmental regulation in the probability of paused mitochondria to transit into stationary state. These findings indicate that multiple mitochondrial behaviors, especially those regulated by neuronal activity and synapse location, determine their distribution in the axon.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Dynamics', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Synapses']
| 23,725,294
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G04.599.750'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular imaging using hyperpolarized 13C.
|
MRI provides unsurpassed soft tissue contrast, but the inherent low sensitivity of this modality has limited the clinical use to imaging of water protons. With hyperpolarization techniques, the signal from a given number of nuclear spins can be raised more than 100 000 times. The strong signal enhancement enables imaging of nuclei other than protons, e.g. (13)C and (15)N, and their molecular distribution in vivo can be visualized in a clinically relevant time window. This article reviews different hyperpolarization techniques and some of the many application areas. As an example, experiments are presented where hyperpolarized (13)C nuclei have been injected into rabbits, followed by rapid (13)C MRI with high spatial resolution (scan time <1 s and 1.0 mm in-plane resolution). The high degree of polarization thus enabled mapping of the molecular distribution within various organs, a few seconds after injection. The hyperpolarized (13)C MRI technique allows a selective identification of the molecules that give rise to the MR signal, offering direct molecular imaging.
|
['Animals', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Models, Chemical', 'Rabbits', 'Thermodynamics']
| 15,572,334
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.599.495'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Poor survival but high immunogenicity of IL-2-expressing Salmonella typhimurium in inherently resistant mice.
|
An IL-2-expressing, attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium (strain GIDIL2) was previously shown to survive poorly and to have lower immunogenicity in susceptible mice than its parental, non-cytokine-expressing strain (designated BRD509). In the present study, we compared the immune responses induced by both bacterial strains in inherently Salmonella-resistant C3H/HeN mice. Analysis of the bacterial loads in the peritoneum and spleen revealed that colony-forming units (CFUs) of GIDIL2 were consistently lower than the corresponding BRD509 CFUs. As early as 48 h after inoculation, there were 60-fold lower CFUs of GIDIL2 than BRD509 organisms in the peritoneal cavity. Similarly, the differences in splenic CFUs of GIDIL2 were 20- to 50-fold lower than those of BRD509 over a period of 3-21 days post-injection. This rapid rate of clearance of the GIDIL2 organisms correlated with significantly decreased infection-induced splenomegaly and nitric oxide production by spleen cells. However, despite the poor survival of GIDIL2 organisms in vivo, they could activate peritoneal NK cells efficiently. As early as 48 h after immunization, equivalent levels of NK-mediated cellular cytotoxicity were induced by BRD509 and GIDIL2 strains. Direct evidence for priming of the immune response was shown by demonstrating increased production of IFN-gamma in a recall response by spleen memory T cells obtained 3 weeks after immunization. Finally, mice inoculated with a single dose of either BRD509 or GIDIL2 organisms were fully protected against a challenge of >100-fold the LD50 dose of virulent Salmonella. Taken together, our data demonstrate that despite their rapid clearance from the reticuloendothelial system, IL-2-expressing Salmonella are immunogenic and fully capable of affording excellent protection against virulent challenge in Salmonella-resistant C3H/HeN mice.
|
['Animals', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Immunization', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Interleukin-2', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Peritoneum', 'Salmonella Infections, Animal', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Spleen']
| 15,050,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['G12.450.564'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821.706', 'C22.812'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Epidermoid tumor arising in the anterior interhemispheric fissure.
|
There have only been 18 cases reported in the literature of an epidermoid tumor arising in the interhemispheric fissure. We report a 45-year-old woman with an epidermoid tumor arising in the interhemispheric fissure. She presented with a focal convulsive seizure. Radiological imaging identified a tumor in the interhemispheric fissure, which was subtotally removed due to adherence to both anterior cerebral arteries and the cerebral cortex. Epidermoid tumor was confirmed by histopathology. Epidermoid tumors rarely arise in the interhemispheric fissure, but are often adherent to surrounding structures and thus, as in the presented case, complete resection may be unwise.
|
['Brain Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Seizures', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 16,431,109
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.525'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
In utero bacterial endotoxin exposure causes loss of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the postnatal rat midbrain.
|
We investigated whether in utero exposure to the Gram(-) bacteriotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces dopamine (DA) neuron loss in rats. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) kills DA neurons and is elevated in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). LPS is a potent inducer of TNF-alpha, and both are increased in the chorioamniotic environment of women who have bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy, suggesting that BV might interfere with the normal development of fetal DA neurons. Gravid female rats were injected intraperitoneally with either LPS or normal saline at embryonic day 10.5 and their pups were killed at postnatal day 21. The brains of the pups were assessed for DA and TNF-alpha levels and DA cell counts in the mesencephalon using tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THir) cells as a DA neuron marker. Prenatal LPS exposure significantly reduced striatal DA (29%) and increased DA activity (72%) as well as TNF-alpha (101%). Stereological cell counts in the mesencephalon were also significantly reduced (27%) by prenatal LPS exposure. Prenatal exposure to LPS, as might occur in humans with BV, produces a significant loss of THir cells in rats that is still present 33 days following a single injection of LPS. Since this cell loss is well past the normal phase of DA neuron apoptosis that occurs in early postnatal life, rats so exposed may have a permanent loss of DA neurons, suggesting that prenatal infections may represent risk factors for PD.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine', 'Endotoxins', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Gestational Age', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interleukin-1', 'Mesencephalon', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Risk Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 11,835,448
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis.
|
Here, we describe an in vitro culture assay to study coronary angiogenesis. Coronary vessels feed the heart muscle and are of clinical importance. Defects in these vessels represent severe health risks such as in atherosclerosis, which can lead to myocardial infarctions and heart failures in patients. Consequently, coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, relatively little progress has been made on how to regenerate damaged coronary arteries. Nevertheless, recent progress has been made in understanding the cellular origin and differentiation pathways of coronary vessel development. The advent of tools and technologies that allow researchers to fluorescently label progenitor cells, follow their fate, and visualize progenies in vivo have been instrumental in understanding coronary vessel development. In vivo studies are valuable, but have limitations in terms of speed, accessibility, and flexibility in experimental design. Alternatively, accurate in vitro models of coronary angiogenesis can circumvent these limitations and allow researchers to interrogate important biological questions with speed and flexibility. The lack of appropriate in vitro model systems may have hindered the progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary vessel growth. Here, we describe an in vitro culture system to grow coronary vessels from the sinus venosus (SV) and endocardium (Endo), the two progenitor tissues from which many of the coronary vessels arise. We also confirmed that the cultures accurately recapitulate some of the known in vivo mechanisms. For instance, we show that the angiogenic sprouts in culture from SV downregulate COUP-TFII expression similar to what is observed in vivo. In addition, we show that VEGF-A, a well-known angiogenic factor in vivo, robustly stimulates angiogenesis from both the SV and Endo cultures. Collectively, we have devised an accurate in vitro culture model to study coronary angiogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'COUP Transcription Factor II', 'Cellular Reprogramming', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Dissection', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Pregnancy', 'Tissue Culture Techniques', 'Tissue Fixation', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 32,225,157
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.643.039.500', 'D12.776.260.703.200', 'D12.776.826.209.039.500', 'D12.776.930.780.750'], ['G04.152.262', 'G05.135'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['A16.254'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G09.330.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.481.500.617'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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