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Dipteran toxicity assays for determining the oral insecticidal activity of venoms and toxins.
|
The growing world population is placing an increasing demand on food production. In addition, abuse and misuse of chemical insecticides has led to the evolution of resistance in insect pests as well as environmental damage. Together, these developments have created a demand for new insecticidal compounds to facilitate global food production. Arachnid venom peptides provide an environmentally-friendly alternative as potential bioinsecticides given their advantages of being fully biodegradable, highly potent, and phyletically selective. However, the use of arachnid venom peptides as bioinsecticides has been questioned due to their presumed lack of oral toxicity. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop screens for oral insecticidal activity. Based on the high susceptibility of dipterans to venom peptides, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and sheep blowflies (Lucilia cuprina) were selected for screening 56 arachnid venoms. 71.4% of these venoms caused 50% or higher mortality in Drosophila, whereas 30.4% were lethal to blowflies at oral doses of 1 or 30 ìg/fly, respectively. We used these assays to compare the oral and injection activity of four well-known spider venom peptides (Hv1a, Hv1c, Dc1a and Ta1a). Hv1c and Ta1a only showed weak or no oral activity in both species, while Hv1a and Dc1a showed higher oral activity in blowflies than Drosophila. Overall, we have established screens for oral toxicity in two dipteran insects. Our results indicate that oral insecticidal activity is more widespread in arachnid venoms than expected, and that some arachnid venoms and venom peptides exhibit phyletic differences in oral toxicity.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Diptera', 'Insecticides', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Toxicity Tests', 'Toxins, Biological', 'Venoms']
| 29,920,256
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.940'], ['D23.946'], ['A12.200.935', 'D20.888', 'D23.946.833']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of EGF on the intracellular distribution of heat-shock proteins in A431 cells].
|
The intracellular distribution of hsp70 and hdj1 was studied using immunofluorescent method. In nonstimulated cells hsp70 and hdj1 were observed in the cytoplasm of A431 cells. When 100 ng/ml EGF was added for 15 min, both hsp70 and hdj1 were accumulated in the nuclei. Later on (up to 1 h) hsp70 was exported from the nuclei to be observed mainly in the cytoplasm, whereas hdj1 remained in the nuclei. In cells exposed to tyrphostin AG1478, this inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity of EGF receptor prevented EGF-dependent accumulation of hsp70 and hdj1 in the nuclei. U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C activity, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor without EGF stimulation. In cells treated with U73122, both hsp70 and hdj1 were detected in the nuclei of non-stimulated cells. It is concluded that the intracellular distribution of heat shock proteins in A431 cells depends on tyrosine kinase activity of EGF receptor. Here we report for the first time the influence of EGF on the intracellular redistribution of heat shock proteins.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Estrenes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Pyrrolidinones', 'Quinazolines', 'Time Factors', 'Type C Phospholipases', 'Tyrphostins', 'Vanadates']
| 15,216,634
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D04.210.500.365.415'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D12.776.580.216.292'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D03.383.773.812'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.795', 'D02.626.886', 'D03.633.100.857.885'], ['D01.248.497.158.952', 'D01.960.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
[The reduction of the maternal and neonatal risk based on a new outlook for care effected with the active involvement of the nuclear family in the pregnancy and labor].
|
A socio-analytic investigation, showing mental images of health personnel and their influence on the course of pregnancy, child birth and child nursing has been performed at the Obstetrics and Neonatology Departments of Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy. Through a statistical analysis on the mothers population during one year (1986 Nov-1987 Nov) a significant reduction of maternal delivery stress and neonatal risk has been found in relation to the "participation to the psycho-prophylactic courses" and to the "presence of fathers during delivery". Answers of mothers to a questionnaire are reported. This work points out the importance of a child birth's humanization.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Italy', 'Nuclear Family', 'Obstetric Labor Complications', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prenatal Care', 'Risk Factors', 'Sociology', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 2,519,509
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['F01.829.263.500', 'I01.880.853.150.500'], ['C13.703.420'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F04.096.879.757', 'I01.880'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
New roles of glycosaminoglycans in á-synuclein aggregation in a cellular model of Parkinson disease.
|
The causes of Parkinson disease (PD) remain mysterious, although some evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunctions and á-synuclein accumulation in Lewy bodies as major events. The abnormal accumulation of á-synuclein has been associated with a deficiency in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Cathepsin D (cathD), the major lysosomal protease responsible of á-synuclein degradation was described to be up-regulated in PD model. As glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) regulate cathD activity, and have been recently suggested to participate in PD physiopathology, we investigated their role in á-synuclein accumulation by their intracellular regulation of cathD activity. In a classical neuroblastoma cell model of PD induced by MPP+, the genetic expression of GAGs-biosynthetic enzymes was modified, leading to an increase of GAGs amounts whereas intracellular level of á-synuclein increased. The absence of sulfated GAGs increased intracellular cathD activity and limited á-synuclein accumulation. GAGs effects on cathD further suggested that specific sequences or sulfation patterns could be responsible for this regulation. The present study identifies, for the first time, GAGs as new regulators of the lysosome degradation pathway, regulating cathD activity and affecting two main biological processes, á-synuclein aggregation and apoptosis. Finally, this opens new insights into intracellular GAGs functions and new fields of investigation for glycobiological approaches in PD and neurobiology.
|
['1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Apoptosis', 'Cathepsin D', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Space', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Protein Aggregates', 'Protein Transport', 'Proteolysis', 'alpha-Synuclein']
| 25,617,759
|
[['D03.383.725.762.550'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.180', 'D08.811.277.656.224.187', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.180'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D09.698.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['D05.875'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['D12.776.631.860.500', 'D12.776.637.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Health care and social work education in a changing world.
|
This article examines two major challenges that beset contemporary social work education, namely, rapid and dramatic macro-level changes that are occurring in the social, political, economic and demographic realms and, also, the slow speed at which curriculum changes occur in institutions of higher education. Primarily employing managed care as an example, a series of recommendations are offered to improve social work education concerning health care. Among them are more efficient mechanisms for introducing curriculum changes, greater emphasis on research and evaluations skills, systematic monitoring of health care programs, preparation of public impact reports, better utilization of modern information technologies, and the introduction of mini-courses that can be adapted readily to emerging health care and educational needs.
|
['Curriculum', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Humans', 'Managed Care Programs', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Social Work', 'United States']
| 12,219,768
|
[['I02.158'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800', 'N04.590.374.410'], ['N04.452.610'], ['I01.880.792', 'N02.421.849'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Motivational Interviewing to prevent dropout from an education and employment program for young adults: A randomized controlled trial.
|
This study tested the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing for improving retention at a "second chance" program in the United States for unemployed young adults who had not graduated high school (ages 18-24; 60% male). We investigated how Motivational Interviewing effects might be mediated by change talk (i.e., arguments for change) and moderated by preference for consistency (PFC). Participants (N = 100) were randomly assigned to (1) Motivational Interviewing designed to elicit change talk, (2) placebo counseling designed not to elicit change talk, or (3) no additional treatment. Motivational Interviewing sessions increased change talk, but did not increase program retention or diploma earning. PFC was a significant moderator of Motivational Interviewing's impact on program retention; Motivational Interviewing was most effective at increasing 8 week retention for high PFC participants, and least effective for low PFC participants. These results suggest that Motivational Interviewing could be a useful tool for improving retention in education and employment programs, but clinicians should be attentive to how participant characteristics might enhance or diminish Motivational Interviewing effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Educational Status', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Motivational Interviewing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Unemployment', 'Young Adult']
| 28,458,078
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F02.784.176.279.500', 'F04.408.413.349.500', 'N02.421.461.363.349.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N01.824.245.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The struggle of the diagnosed terminally ill person to maintain hope.
|
Clinical, empirical, and subjective data are used to explore the concept of hope as it is lived by persons who are diagnosed as terminally ill. Interviews with 11 men who were in stage 2 (asymptomatic) HIV disease explicate the form that hope takes and its role in promoting health when a person must cope with a serious diagnosis. Other research and ideas about hope and dying are presented and a critique is presented of both these ideas and current nursing practice.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Morale', 'Nursing Care', 'Terminal Care']
| 2,250,837
|
[['F01.058'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.477'], ['E02.760.611', 'N02.421.533'], ['E02.760.905', 'N02.421.585.905']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Treating low back pain resulted from lumbar degenerative instability using Chinese Tuina combined with core stability exercises: A randomized controlled trial.
|
BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effect of Tuina combined with core stability exercises on low back pain resulted from lumbar degenerative instability is unclear. This article aims to evaluate whether core stability exercises can improve the effect of Tuina in this regard.METHODS: This trial was designed as a randomized controlled trial and carried out in Qingzhou hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine between June 2011 and June 2013. Eighty-eight patients with low-grade lumbar degenerative instability were included and divided randomly into experimental and control groups, 44 in each. The experimental group were treated using Tuina combined with core stability exercises, but the control group using Tuina alone. The evaluation of Visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA) and recurrence rate were performed.RESULTS: Two weeks after treatment, JOA scores increased (p<0.05) and VAS decreased (p<0.05) significantly when compared with those before treatment in both groups, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. At the end of six weeks, VAS scores (p<0.05) decreased and JOA scores (p<0.05) increased significantly when compared to those before treatment in both groups. In addition, the VAS (p<0.05) scores were significantly lower, JOA scores (p<0.05) were significantly higher in experimental group than those in control group. At the final follow-up, seven cases (17.1%) in experimental group and eighteen (43.9%) in control group recurred, the control group has a significantly higher recurrence rate (p<0.05). No adverse events occurred in the trial.CONCLUSIONS: Chinese Tuina combined with core stability exercises has better effect than Tuina alone in treating low back pain resulted from low-grade lumbar degenerative instability.
|
['Adult', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Male', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Manipulations', 'Spinal Diseases']
| 27,062,947
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.190.599', 'E02.779.867', 'E02.831.535.867'], ['C05.116.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Normative data of quantitative thermal and vibratory thresholds in normal subjects in Taiwan: gender and age effect.
|
BACKGROUND: Quantitative sensory testing has gained popularity as a tool in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies. This study aims to establish normative data of quantitative thermal and vibratory thresholds in normal subjects in Taiwan. In addition, we also examined the effect of age and gender differences on these thresholds.METHODS: The study included 100 healthy subjects (50 males and 50 females) who were admitted for regular physical examination. The quantitative testing of thermal, cold and vibratory sensations were performed having recourse to a Thermotest instrument applied on the right hand and foot of these subjects. Measurements included perception thresholds of warm (WT), cold (CT), heat pain, cold pain and vibration as well as a visual analog pain scale.RESULTS: Age was comparable between the sexes, but the male subjects were taller than the female subjects. A higher WT and CT in the hand, but not in the foot, were found in the male subjects in comparison with the female subjects. Heat pain threshold and cold pain threshold of both sites did not significantly differ between genders. Moreover, the groups did not differ in vibration threshold and visual analog pain scale. Young subjects (age < 30 years) showed a higher CT in the foot than the older subjects (age > 50 years). None of the above parameters were different between these two age groups. Overall, the age or height bore no significant relation to the difference between WT and CT (DDWT-CT).CONCLUSIONS: The female subjects were found to be more sensitive to warm and cold stimulation in the hand than their counterparts. These results have provided valuable normative data on sensory perceptive thresholds in Taiwanese, which are useful as a tool in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Body Height', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Threshold', 'Reference Values', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Sex Factors', 'Vibration']
| 10,418,177
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['E05.978.810'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Thrombocytopenia in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide-induced hemorrhage: eight cases (1990-1995).
|
Thrombocytopenia was documented in eight of 11 dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide-induced hemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia was transient and generally mild-to-moderate, but it became marked (i.e., less than 30,000 platelets/microl) in two cases. Petechial hemorrhages were not noted in any case. There was no relationship between hematocrit and platelet count. Platelet count changes in response to treatment with fresh-frozen plasma and isotonic electrolyte solutions were variable. Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity should be included as a differential diagnosis for dogs with hemorrhage accompanied by mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia.
|
['Animals', 'Anticoagulants', 'Blood Proteins', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Hematocrit', 'Hemorrhage', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Platelet Count', 'Poisoning', 'Rodenticides', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 9,278,117
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E01.171'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['C23.550.414'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D26.776.498'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['C25.723'], ['D27.720.031.700.853', 'D27.888.723.853'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
[Establishment and characterization of a cell line [GCH-1 (m)] highly metastasizing to the lung in nude mice].
|
A new cell line having the ability to metastasize to the lungs in nude mice was established from GCH-1 (human choriocarcinoma cell line). Twenty CD-1 nude mice were injected with GCH-1 cells subcutaneously. A solitary metastatic pulmonary nodule appeared in only one of these mice. The pulmonary nodule was removed and minced, and the dissociated cells obtained were transplanted subcutaneously into new mice. By repeating this process, metastatic pulmonary nodules were seen clearly to have grown in size and number by the 4th transplantation. An in vitro cell line originating in the pulmonary lesion of the 5th transplantation was designated GCH-1 (m). Pulmonary metastasis occurred in all of the mice inoculated with GCH-1 (m) grown in vitro. The doubling time of the parent line GCH-1 and its subline GCH-1 (m) was 22.6 and 36.2 hours, respectively. GCH-1 (m) cells seemed to be heterogeneous in their size and shape compared with GCH-1 cells. GCH-1 (m) secreted more hCG and beta-hCG into the culture medium than GCH-1. By the immunoperoxidase technique using poly- or monoclonal antibodies, GCH-1 (m) showed a clear positive reaction but GCH-1 was only slightly positive for hCG and beta-hCG. Both GCH-1 and GCH-1 (m) were weakly positive for HLA-A, B,C and negative for HLA-DR, SP1 and hPL. Addition of the extracts from mouse lungs to the culture medium obviously promoted the growth of GCH-1 (m) but not of GCH-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Pregnancy', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 3,585,108
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.557.465.955.207', 'C04.557.470.200.025.455', 'C04.850.908.208', 'C13.703.720.949.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intractable Crohn's colitis and perianal disease responding to cyclophosphamide and epirubicin.
|
A case is reported where intractable Crohn's disease responded to chemotherapy for breast carcinoma. The drug most likely responsible was cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide may have a role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, but this needs to be confirmed before it can be recommended as a treatment option.
|
['Alkylating Agents', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Colitis', 'Crohn Disease', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Epirubicin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Mastectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Rectal Diseases']
| 9,398,818
|
[['D27.505.519.124', 'D27.888.569.035'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E04.466'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.469.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Pelvic ostheomyelitis: diagnostics and treatment].
|
Results of treatment of 223 patients with ostheomyelitis of various etiology and localization were analyzed. Such aspects as diagnostic difficulties, polifocal type of the disease, sepsis development on the background of pelvic ostheomyelitis were discussed. Ostheoscintygraphy, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography proved to be of highest diagnostic value by pelvic ostheomyelitis. The original method of surgical treatment of purulent sacroileitis with the use of combined (pelvic and extrapelvic) access was represented.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chronic Disease', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cutaneous Fistula', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Pelvis', 'Pressure Ulcer', 'Suppuration', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,606,913
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.186'], ['C17.800.135', 'C23.300.575.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['A01.923.600'], ['C17.800.893.665'], ['C01.830', 'C23.550.470.756'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
S1P1 receptor localization confers selectivity for Gi-mediated cAMP and contractile responses.
|
Adult mouse ventricular myocytes express S1P(1), S1P(2), and S1P(3) receptors. S1P activates Akt and ERK in adult mouse ventricular myocytes through a pertussis toxin-sensitive (G(i/o)-mediated) pathway. Akt and ERK activation by S1P are reduced approximately 30% in S1P(3) and 60% in S1P(2) receptor knock-out myocytes. With combined S1P(2,3) receptor deletion, activation of Akt is abolished and ERK activation is reduced by nearly 90%. Thus the S1P(1) receptor, while present in S1P(2,3) receptor knock-out myocytes, is unable to mediate Akt or ERK activation. In contrast, S1P induces pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in both WT and S1P(2,3) receptor knock-out myocytes demonstrating that the S1P(1) receptor can functionally couple to G(i). An S1P(1) receptor selective agonist, SEW2871, also decreased cAMP accumulation but failed to activate ERK or Akt. To determine whether localization of the S1P(1) receptor mediates this signaling specificity, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) treatment was used to disrupt caveolae. The S1P(1) receptor was concentrated in caveolar fractions, and associated with caveolin-3 and this localization was disrupted by MbetaCD. S1P-mediated activation of ERK or Akt was not diminished but inhibition of cAMP accumulation by S1P and SEW2871 was abolished by MbetaCD treatment. S1P inhibits the positive inotropic response to isoproterenol and this response is also mediated through the S1P(1) receptor and lost following caveolar disruption. Thus localization of S1P(1) receptors to caveolae is required for the ability of this receptor to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and contractility but compromises receptor coupling to Akt and ERK.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Enzyme Activation', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Isoproterenol', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Oxadiazoles', 'Pertussis Toxin', 'Protein Transport', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Lysosphingolipid', 'Sphingosine', 'Thiophenes', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 18,296,752
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100.200', 'D12.644.360.360.100.200', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100.200', 'D12.776.476.375.100.200', 'D12.776.543.325.100.200'], ['G05.308'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D03.383.129.462.580'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.680', 'D23.946.123.946.690', 'D23.946.896.980.690'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.420.500'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections: part 2-- antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance.
|
Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare, and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial skin infections are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in dogs and cats. Appropriate management of these infections is, therefore, crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an infection is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the infection is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the second of two articles that provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. Part 1 discussed the use of clinical signs, cytology and culture in diagnosis. This article will cover the rationale for topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy, including choice of first-, second- and third-line drugs, the dose, duration of therapy, compliance and identification of underlying predisposing conditions. In addition, there is guidance on cases of therapeutic failure and environmental hygiene. These guidelines will help veterinarians avoid the development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Choice Behavior', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Medication Adherence', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Skin Diseases, Bacterial']
| 23,292,948
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['C01.150.252.819', 'C01.800.720', 'C17.800.838.765']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vasopressin, oxytocin, dynorphin, enkephalin and corticotrophin-releasing factor mRNA stimulation in the rat.
|
1. Cryostat sections were cut through the hypothalamus of rats which had been given a 2% (w/v) NaCl solution to drink for up to 12 days. 2. In situ hybridization histochemistry was performed on these sections using synthetic oligonucleotide probes against part of the precursor sequence for vasopressin, oxytocin, dynorphin, enkephalin and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF). 3. Drinking 2% NaCl solution resulted in a progressive increase of vasopressin, oxytocin and dynorphin mRNAs hybridized in the magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic (s.o.) and paraventricular (p.v.) nuclei. No enkephalin mRNA was detected in the magnocellular areas of the control animals although small quantities of probe did hybridize after 12 days of salt loading and after the stress of I.P. hypertonic saline. 4. Ten-day-lactating female rats were also studied. They had a very marked increase in oxytocin mRNA with smaller increases of vasopressin and dynorphin mRNAs. No detectable enkephalin mRNA was hybridized in the magnocellular s.o. or p.v. nuclei and CRF mRNA was unchanged in both the s.o. nucleus and the p.v. nucleus.
|
['Animals', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Dynorphins', 'Endorphins', 'Enkephalins', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Oxytocin', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Supraoptic Nucleus', 'Vasopressins']
| 2,895,179
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['D12.644.400.575.180', 'D12.776.631.650.575.180'], ['D12.644.400.575.241', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241'], ['D12.644.400.575.281', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.650', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.650'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glutamate receptors on myelinated spinal cord axons: I. GluR6 kainate receptors.
|
OBJECTIVE: The deleterious effects of glutamate excitotoxicity are well described for central nervous system gray matter. Although overactivation of glutamate receptors also contributes to axonal injury, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Our goal was to elucidate the mechanisms of kainate receptor-dependent axonal Ca(2+) deregulation.METHODS: Dorsal column axons were loaded with a Ca(2+) indicator and imaged in vitro using confocal laser-scanning microscopy.RESULTS: Activation of glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6) kainate receptors promoted a substantial increase in axonal [Ca(2+)]. This Ca(2+) accumulation was due not only to influx from the extracellular space, but a significant component originated from ryanodine-dependent intracellular stores, which, in turn, depended on activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels: ryanodine, nimodipine, or nifedipine blocked the agonist-induced Ca(2+) increase. Also, GluR6 stimulation induced intraaxonal production of nitric oxide (NO), which greatly enhanced the Ca(2+) response: quenching of NO with intraaxonal (but not extracellular) scavengers, or inhibition of neuronal NO synthase with intraaxonal Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, blocked the Ca(2+) increase. Loading axons with a peptide that mimics the C-terminal PDZ binding sequence of GluR6, thus interfering with the coupling of GluR6 to downstream effectors, greatly reduced the agonist-induced axonal Ca(2+) increase. Immunohistochemistry showed GluR6/7 clusters on the axolemma colocalized with neuronal NO synthase and Ca(v)1.2.INTERPRETATION: Myelinated spinal axons express functional GluR6-containing kainate receptors, forming part of novel signaling complexes reminiscent of postsynaptic membranes of glutamatergic synapses. The ability of such axonal "nanocomplexes" to release toxic amounts of Ca(2+) may represent a key mechanism of axonal degeneration in disorders such as multiple sclerosis where abnormal accumulation of glutamate and NO are known to occur.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Cysteine', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Hydroxocobalamin', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Myoglobin', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Nitric Oxide', 'PDZ Domains', 'Peptides', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Receptors, Kainic Acid', 'Ryanodine', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Spinal Nerve Roots']
| 19,224,535
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.400', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.400'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777.560', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777.560', 'D04.345.783.437.777.560'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.500'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.694'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.200', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.200', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.200'], ['D02.455.849.291.686', 'D03.132.740', 'D03.383.129.578.805'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['A08.800.800.720.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural flexibility and the thermodynamics of helix exchange constrain attenuation and allosteric activation of hammerhead ribozyme TRAPs.
|
Perturbations of precleavage equilibria in RNA-cleaving ribozymes can be exploited to control cleavage kinetics. In the targeted ribozyme-attenuated probes (TRAP) design, antisense and attenuator sequences are appended onto the catalytic core of a ribozyme or deoxyribozyme. The attenuator anneals to conserved bases in the catalytic core to form an inactive conformation, which is activated upon binding of a sense strand oligonucleotide to the antisense module. In this work, the apparent Michaelis-Menton constant (K'm) for the binding of the RNA substrate to the ribozyme is shown to be within a factor of 2 for a number of constructs whose observed cleavage rates varied by several 100-fold. These observations rule out models of allosteric regulation based on modulation of substrate binding affinity, instead favoring a model in which regulation arises from equilibration between the active and inactive conformations of the TRAP. Free energies of formation for isolated helices that are exchanged during this reequilibration were determined from the concentration dependence of optical melt data. These values established that the thermodynamic stabilities of sense-antisense duplexes and of the attenuator-core duplexes correlate with observed rates of cleavage. Notably reduced cleavage rates are observed for TRAP ribozymes with extended antisense sequences, suggesting that tight binding of attenuator to the core is assisted by a long antisense portion. A construct with a 25-nucleotide antisense showed greater than 730-fold activation upon annealing with a 20-nucleotide DNA sense strand oligo, representing the greatest activation observed to date for the TRAP design.
|
['Allosteric Regulation', 'Base Sequence', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Repression', 'Hydrolysis', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA Probes', 'RNA, Catalytic', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Thermodynamics']
| 14,636,055
|
[['G02.111.044'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.308.320.300'], ['G02.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.500'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.600.723', 'D27.505.259.750.600.825', 'D27.720.470.530.600.825'], ['D08.811.797', 'D13.444.735.790.199'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pediatric Outcomes After Regulatory Mandates for Sepsis Care.
|
BACKGROUND: In 2013, New York introduced regulations mandating that hospitals develop pediatric-specific protocols for sepsis recognition and treatment.METHODS: We used hospital discharge data from 2011 to 2015 to compare changes in pediatric sepsis outcomes in New York and 4 control states: Florida, Massachusetts, Maryland, and New Jersey. We examined the effect of the New York regulations on 30-day in-hospital mortality using a comparative interrupted time-series approach, controlling for patient and hospital characteristics and preregulation temporal trends.RESULTS: We studied 9436 children admitted to 237 hospitals. Unadjusted pediatric sepsis mortality decreased in both New York (14.0% to 11.5%) and control states (14.4% to 11.2%). In the primary analysis, there was no significant effect of the regulations on mortality trends (differential quarterly change in mortality in New York compared with control states: -0.96%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.95% to 0.02%; P = .06). However, in a prespecified sensitivity analysis excluding metropolitan New York hospitals that participated in earlier sepsis quality improvement, the regulations were associated with improved mortality trends (differential change: -2.08%; 95% CI: -3.79% to -0.37%; P = .02). The regulations were also associated with improved mortality trends in several prespecified subgroups, including previously healthy children (differential change: -1.36%; 95% CI: -2.62% to -0.09%; P = .04) and children not admitted through the emergency department (differential change: -2.42%; 95% CI: -4.24% to -0.61%; P = .01).CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of statewide sepsis regulations was generally associated with improved mortality trends in New York State, particularly in prespecified subpopulations of patients, suggesting that the regulations were successful in affecting sepsis outcomes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Interrupted Time Series Analysis', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'United States']
| 32,605,994
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.931', 'N05.715.360.330.500.912', 'N06.850.520.450.500.912'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Recovery after hyperpyrexia during beta-haemolytic streptococcal septicaemia.
|
A patient with septicaemia caused by a beta-haemolytic streptococcus developed a high fever during which his temperature reached 44 degrees C (112 degrees F). Although body temperatures above 42 degrees C are unusual, in this case the high temperature was rapidly brought under control and the infection was successfully treated. The patient made a full recovery with no long-term sequelae.
|
['Adult', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sepsis', 'Streptococcal Infections']
| 6,886,448
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term results of a second endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children: retrospective analysis of 40 cases.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the operative findings and long-term results of a repeat endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in pediatric hydrocephalic patients readmitted after the first procedure with symptoms and/or signs of intracranial hypertension and/or radiological evidence of increased ventricular dilation and/or occluded stoma on follow-up radiological examinations.METHODS: We analyzed a series of 482 ETVs in pediatric patients from 2 Italian departments of pediatric neurosurgery. The clinical charts of 40 patients undergoing a second ETV were selected and reviewed retrospectively. The pre- and postoperative radiological findings and operative films were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: Forty patients underwent a total of 82 ETVs. Thirty-eight patients were operated on twice and 2 were operated on 3 times. During the second procedure, the stoma was found to be closed in 28 patients without underlying adhesions, to be open but with significant arachnoid adhesions in the prepontine cistern in 8 patients, to be open without adhesions in 2 patients, to have a pinhole orifice in 1 patient, and to be closed with underlying adhesions in 1 patient. The second procedure allowed reopening of the stoma or lysis of the arachnoid adhesions in 35 patients and was abandoned in 3 patients because of extensive arachnoid adhesions or because the stoma was found to be wide open (2 patients). In 30 patients (75%), the second ETV was effective, and the 2 patients who underwent a third ETV remained shunt free. In 10 patients (25%), a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was eventually placed. Age younger than 2 years at the time of the first procedure and arachnoid adhesions in the subarachnoid cisterns observed during the second procedure are the main negative prognostic factors for the success of a second ETV.CONCLUSION: A second ETV can be performed with a reasonable chance of restoring patency of the stoma and avoiding placement of an extrathecal shunt. Every effort should be made to detect subarachnoid adhesions in the cistern on preoperative imaging study to select potential candidates and avoid unnecessary procedures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Infant', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pediatrics', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ventriculostomy']
| 19,687,699
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['H02.403.670'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Online LI-rTMS during a Visual Learning Task: Differential Impacts on Visual Circuit and Behavioral Plasticity in Adult Ephrin-A2A5-/-
|
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces plasticity in normal and abnormal neural circuitries, an effect that may be influenced by intrinsic brain activity during treatment. Here, we study potential synergistic effects between low-intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) and concurrent neural activity in promoting circuit reorganization and enhancing visual behavior. We used ephrin-A2A5-/- mice, which are known to possess visuotopic mapping errors that are ameliorated by LI-rTMS, and assessed the impact of stimulation when mice were engaged in a visual learning task. A detachable coil was affixed to each mouse, and animals underwent 2 wk of 10-min daily training in a two-choice visual discrimination task with concurrent LI-rTMS or sham stimulation. No-task controls (+LI-rTMS/sham) were placed in the task arena without visual task training. At the end of the experiment, visuomotor tracking behavior was assessed, and corticotectal and geniculocortical pathway organization was mapped by injections of fluorescent tracers into the primary visual cortex. Consistent with previous results, LI-rTMS alone improved geniculocortical and corticotectal topography, but combining LI-rTMS with the visual learning task prevented beneficial corticotectal reorganization and had no additional effect on geniculocortical topography or visuomotor tracking performance. Unexpectedly, there was a significant increase in the total number of trials completed by task + LI-rTMS mice in the visual learning task. Comparison with wild-type mice revealed that ephrin-A2A5-/- mice had reduced accuracy and response rates, suggesting a goal-directed behavioral deficit, which was improved by LI-rTMS. Our results suggest that concurrent brain activity during behavior interacts with LI-rTMS, altering behavior and different visual circuits in an abnormal system.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Choice Behavior', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Ephrin-A2', 'Ephrin-A5', 'Female', 'Geniculate Bodies', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation', 'Visual Cortex']
| 29,464,193
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['D12.644.276.500.200', 'D12.776.395.550.448.310', 'D12.776.467.500.200', 'D12.776.543.287.200', 'D12.776.543.484.500.310', 'D12.776.543.550.418.310', 'D23.529.500.200'], ['D12.644.276.500.500', 'D12.776.395.550.448.340', 'D12.776.467.500.500', 'D12.776.543.287.500', 'D12.776.543.484.500.340', 'D12.776.543.550.418.340', 'D23.529.500.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.444'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G11.561.638'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E02.621.820'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and insulin-like growth factors in hyperoxic lung injury.
|
To investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction on oxygen-induced lung injury, we used a coculture model with lung fibroblasts (FB) embedded between 2 layers of collagen gel with and without human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HTBE), and studied the effect of hyperoxia on the directed migration of FB towards epithelial cells and proliferation of fetal lung FB. The expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, -II, and -IIR mRNAs and proteins was studied in FB and HTBE cells cultured separately in 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 for 48 hours. There was a significant increase in directional migration of FB in coculture with epithelial cells when exposed to 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 (P = .04 compared to cocultures without oxygen exposure). Hyperoxia stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts cocultured with HTBE cells (0.75 +/- 0.05 x 10(6) cells per well) as compared to control (0.47 +/- 0.03 x 10(6) cells per well; P = .01). This was inhibited by anti-IGF-I antibody (69 +/- 2% of hyperoxia alone; P = .002). Western blot showed a significant increase in IGF-I protein in epithelial cells (P = .02). IGF-I mRNA was increased in HTBE cells after hyperoxia (P = .003). In conclusion, HTBE cells modulate lung FB migration and proliferation in response to hyperoxia exposure. This is mediated in part by IGF-I produced by epithelial cells.
|
['Cell Communication', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Collagen', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Hyperoxia', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor II', 'Lung', 'Mesoderm', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, IGF Type 2']
| 10,643,566
|
[['G04.085'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A11.436'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.567'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.420', 'D12.776.124.862.425', 'D12.776.467.937.420', 'D23.529.937.420'], ['A04.411'], ['A16.504.660'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.780.410']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy.
|
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is potentially fatal. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are critical for ensuring the best possible prognosis.CASE: We present a case of parvovirus B19 infection related to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during pregnancy. The patient experienced fever and pancytopenia. A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated hemophagocytosis and a giant proerythroblasts, which is characteristic of a parvovirus B19 infection. Viral serology for parvovirus B19 was positive. Prompt treatment was started because of the high level of certainty of viral-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the patient was successfully treated with prednisolone administration. She delivered a healthy newborn without any complications.CONCLUSION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be considered when encountering unexplained cytopenia and fever. Prednisolone was an effective treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic', 'Parvoviridae Infections', 'Parvovirus B19, Human', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious']
| 25,004,318
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604.250.410.575'], ['C01.925.256.700'], ['B04.280.580.650.200.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A surface charge dependent enhanced Th1 antigen-specific immune response in lymph nodes by transfersome-based nanovaccine-loaded dissolving microneedle-assisted transdermal immunization.
|
The efficient delivery of vaccines to draining lymph nodes and the induction of robust local immune responses are crucial for immunotherapy. Transdermal administration has been evidenced to facilitate the delivery of ingredients to lymph nodes. In this study, transfersomes with opposite surface charges were applied for antigen encapsulation and these were integrated with dissolving microneedles to investigate their effects on immune responses via transdermal immunization. The microneedles were easily inserted into mouse skin and achieved the local release of nanovaccines into the dermis through dissolution. Although anionic nanovaccines promoted cellular uptake via DC2.4, cationic nanovaccines exhibited stronger escape capacities from endocytic compartments, facilitating antigen processing via an MHC-I presentation pathway, and formed larger accumulations in lymph nodes. Compared with their anionic counterparts, the cationic nanovaccines more efficiently activated DC maturation and induced Th1 immunity; this was suggested by the significantly increased IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and elevated cytokine secretion from Th1 cells, without an enhancement in the Th2 response. Such an enhanced Th1 antigen-specific immune response in lymph nodes via a transdermal vaccine delivery platform is beneficial for potential immunotherapy approaches.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Animals', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunity, Humoral', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Needles', 'Ovalbumin', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Th1 Cells', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines']
| 31,389,952
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['G12.450.050.420'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E07.612'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Spinal cord compression due to intraspinal syphilitic gumma in one patient. Clinical case].
|
The involvement of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum has increased in the past 20 years, particularly as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. However, tertiary forms, and especially syphilitic gumma, are increasingly rare as a result of the widespread use of penicillin. Spinal cord compromise due to syphilitic gumma is an exceptional event; only two cases were found in the literature review. We present the case of a female 47 year-old patient, without HIV infection, with sudden paraplegia and sensation at the T8 level. Surgical resection was performed by means of dorsal laminectomy. The diagnosis of syphilitic gumma was confirmed with microscopic exam and polymerase chain reaction.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosyphilis', 'Spinal Cord Compression']
| 23,320,318
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.223.600', 'C01.150.252.400.794.840.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500.750', 'C01.207.180.600', 'C10.228.228.180.600'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protein turnover of breast muscle in germ-free and conventional chicks.
|
The effect of the gut microflora on protein turnover in pectoral muscle (M. pectoralis profundus) was studied by means of dietary infusion of L-[U-14C]phenylalanine and of massive dose injection of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine in chicks fed on a semi-purified casein-gelatin (SCG) diet until 19 d of age, and in those subsequently given either a nitrogen-free (NF) diet or NF supplemented with methionine and arginine (MA) for a further 9 d. Time-course changes in radioactivity released in expired carbon dioxide during the 8 h infusion period showed that isotopic equilibrium was reached in 4 h with the SCG diet and in 5 h with the MA diet. However, with the protein-deprived chicks given the NF diet, isotopic equilibrium was not achieved since radioactivity in CO2 increased linearly throughout. On feeding the NF diet, fractional protein synthesis rate and the absolute amount of protein synthesized in chick breast muscle were reduced. These reductions were partially alleviated by supplementing the NF diet with methionine and arginine. The fractional degradation rate of breast muscle was increased in chicks given the NF diet, while the absolute amount of protein degraded was decreased. The addition of methionine and arginine counteracted these changes brought about by protein starvation. Generally speaking, the presence of the gut microflora had little, if any, effect on protein turnover rate in chick-breast muscle.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Caseins', 'Chickens', 'Diet', 'Gelatin', 'Germ-Free Life', 'Intestines', 'Methionine', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Pectoralis Muscles', 'Phenylalanine']
| 4,063,297
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D12.776.860.476'], ['G06.320'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633.567.775'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Prone Positioning.
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome continues to have high morbidity and mortality despite more than 50 years of research. The Berlin definition in 2012 established risk stratification based on degree of hypoxemia and the use of positive end-expiratory pressure. The use of prone positioning as a treatment modality has been studied for more than 40 years, with recent studies showing an improvement in oxygenation and decreased mortality. The studies also provide evidence to support the methodology and length of treatment time. Recent guidelines include several ventilator strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome, including prone positioning. Protocols and procedures discussed in this article ensure successful prone repositioning and prevention of complications related to the procedure itself.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Critical Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Positive-Pressure Respiration', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Prone Position', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']
| 30,523,012
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.041.625.790', 'E02.880.820.790'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['G11.427.695.525'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of pulse repetition frequency and scan step size on the dimensions of the lesions formed in agar by HIFU histotripsy.
|
Histotripsy uses high-intensity focused ultrasound pulses at low duty cycle to generate energetic bubble clouds inside tissue to fractionate a region. As a potential tumor treatment modality, this cavitation-based non-invasive technique has the advantages of easy monitoring and sharp borders. Aiming at therapy efficiency, we experimentally investigated the effects of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and lateral scan step size on the dimensions of lesions formed through HIFU histotripsy in agar mimicking tissue in terms of mechanical (not acoustical) properties. The single-element spherically focused source (1.1 MHz, 6.34 cm focal length, f/1) was excited to reach the peak compressional and rarefactional pressures of ~102 and 17 MPa, respectively. A targeted rectangular block of 4.5 mm wide (lateral) and 6mm deep (axial) was scanned in a raster pattern with a constant axial step size of 3mm. The lateral step size was varied between 375, 750, 1500, 2250 and 4500 ìm. Pulses at each treatment location consisted of 5000 20-cycle sine wave tone bursts with the PRF of 167, 333 or 1000 Hz. Results suggested that the bubble activity region could extend beyond the -3 dB region and that refining the lateral scan mesh and/or increasing PRF enlarged the lesion extent. The 1500 ìm-333 Hz and the 1500 ìm-1 kHz conditions were in a more favorable position to be viewed as optimal with regard to lesion volume generation rate, bubble activity region width, and the potential for thermal damage.
|
['Agar', 'Calibration', 'Elasticity', 'Equipment Design', 'High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Pressure', 'Sonication', 'Time Factors', 'Transducers']
| 23,339,995
|
[['D09.698.360.041'], ['E05.978.155'], ['G01.374.590'], ['E05.320'], ['E02.565.280.945.399', 'E04.014.380'], ['E05.599'], ['E07.671'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.848'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E07.305.812']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amiloride-sensitive trypsinization of apical sodium channels. Analysis of hormonal regulation of sodium transport in toad bladder.
|
Incubation of the mucosal surface of the toad urinary bladder with trypsin (1 mg/ml) irreversibly decreased the short-circuit current to 50% of the initial value. This decrease was accompanied by a proportionate decrease in apical Na permeability, estimated from the change in amiloride-sensitive resistance in depolarized preparations. In contrast, the paracellular resistance was unaffected by trypsinization. Amiloride, a specific blocker of the apical Na channels, prevented inactivation by trypsin. Inhibition of Na transport by substitution of mucosal Na, however, had no effect on the response to trypsin. Trypsinization of the apical membrane was also used to study regulation of Na transport by anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. Prior exposure of the apical surface to trypsin did not reduce the response to ADH, which indicates that the ADH-induced Na channels were inaccessible to trypsin before addition of the hormone. On the other hand, stimulation of short-circuit current by aldosterone or pyruvate (added to substrate-depleted, aldosterone-repleted bladders) was substantially reduced by prior trypsinization of the apical surface. Thus, the increase in apical Na permeability elicited by aldosterone or substrate involves activation of Na channels that are continuously present in the apical membrane in nonconductive but trypsin-sensitive forms.
|
['Aldosterone', 'Amiloride', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Bufo marinus', 'Ion Channels', 'Pyrazines', 'Pyruvates', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Trypsin', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Vasopressins']
| 6,308,125
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['D03.383.679.149'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210.580'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D03.383.679'], ['D02.241.755.812'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['A05.810.890'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of dry eye in the normal population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
|
PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease in the normal non-complaining population.METHODS: Prospective systematic random sampling study of 251 subjects who accompanied patients with appointments to the eye clinic. Interviewers administered a dry eye symptoms and risk factor questionnaire. Tear film break up time, fluorescein corneal staining and Schirmer's test were performed. Slit lamp examination to evaluate the lid margins, Meibomian glands and ocular surface structures was also performed.RESULTS: Dry eye was diagnosed in 234 (93.2%) subjects on the basis of presence of one or more symptoms occurring often or most of the time, together with one or more of the following signs: tear film break up time < or = 10 seconds, fluorescein corneal staining > or = grade 1 and Schirmer test score < or = 5 mm. There was no statistically significant association between dry eye with advancing age or gender. Blepharitis was detected in 215 (91.9%) of the dry eye cases. Smoking was found to be the second most common risk factor as 18.8% of the dry eye cases were smokers. Sicca syndrome was found in 24.4% of the subjects.CONCLUSION: Dry eye is very prevalent disease. Blepharitis was found to be very common among dry eye cases. There was no statistically significant association between dry eye and age or gender in our study population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Dry Eye Syndromes', 'Female', 'Fluorophotometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Sex Distribution', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tears', 'Young Adult']
| 19,929,667
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C11.496.260'], ['E01.370.380.255', 'E05.196.712.516.600.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A12.200.882'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hyperspectral image measurements of skin hemoglobin compared with transcutaneous PO2 measurements.
|
BACKGROUND: Objective measurements of skin blood flow would have predictive value in assessing the potential for wound healing. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between transcutaneous PO(2) (tcPO(2)) measurements and hyperspectral reflectance spectroscopy measurements of oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHgb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (DeOxyHgb), total hemoglobin (Sum = OxyHgb + DeOxyHgb), and hemoglobin saturation (Sat = 100 ? OxyHgb/Sum). The effect of varying tcPO(2) probe temperatures (37 °C, 41 °C, and 45 °C) was also assessed.METHODS: A Hypermed Oxy-Vu system was used for hyperspectral imaging, with measurements performed 2 minutes after removing tcPO(2) probes (Radiometer). Twenty-three sections of foot or wrist skin in four healthy volunteers were measured at 37 °C, 41 °C, and 45 °C using both modalities.RESULTS: TcPO(2) at 37 °C was 23.1 ± 24.8 mm Hg, increasing to 63.0 ± 27.3 mm Hg at 45 °C. OxyHgb levels increased from 52.4 ± 25.4 at 37 °C to 101.3 ± 23.8 at 45 °C. Linear regression analysis of the HSI data at 37 °C showed a positive correlation between tcPO(2) and OxyHgb (r(2) = 0.35, P = 0.003), tcPO(2) and DeOxyHgb (r(2) = 0.63, P < 0.0001), and tcPO(2) and Sum (r(2) = 0.60, P < 0.0001), but not Sat (r(2) = 0.001, P = 0.92). As the probe temperature increased, the correlations of tcPO(2) with OxyHgb, DeoxyHgb, and Sum became progressively much weaker.CONCLUSION: A marked increase in the HSI measurements of OxyHgb in skin exposed to heated tcPO(2) probes was observed, with tcPO(2), Sat, and Sum measurements also observed to increase with temperature. These measurements were influenced by heat inducing vasodilatation in the superficial skin layers. HSI measurements may be clinically useful for measuring wound healing potential, as they correlate with tcPO(2) levels under normal physiological conditions.
|
['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous', 'Female', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Skin', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 22,520,392
|
[['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600.100', 'E01.370.370.380.600.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600.100'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A17.815'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis following combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy in lymphoma.
|
Four patients with deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity (DVTUE) following combined modality therapy (mantle radiotherapy and chemotherapy) for either Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen at Stanford University Medical Center between March 1980 and April 1984. A total of 235 patients had received similar combined modality therapy during this time period. Three patients presented with acute onset of DVTUE and were anticoagulated. One patient who was referred with a several month history of DVTUE was observed closely after diagnostic evaluation revealed no evidence of recurrent Hodgkin's disease. All patients remained without evidence of their original lymphoma and had developed adequate venous collateralization. These cases of DVTUE were felt to be treatment related, a previously unreported late complication of combined irradiation and chemotherapy. Methods of diagnosis and therapeutic options are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Axillary Vein', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Radiotherapy', 'Subclavian Vein', 'Thrombosis']
| 3,957,737
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['A07.015.908.077'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['E02.815'], ['A07.015.908.877'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intra-axial tumors of the cervicomedullary junction.
|
The authors present their experience with the operative management of 20 intra-axial tumors of the cervicomedullary junction. There were two distinct modes of clinical presentation: lower cranial nerve dysfunction and spinal cord dysfunction. Both groups of patients had indolent courses: in 75% of the patients the symptoms had been present for 6 months to 2 years. Radical excision was carried out in all patients. There was no surgical mortality. Postoperative neurological recovery was directly related to the preoperative status; one patient had a significant new deficit. The authors conclude that intrinsic gliomas of the cervicomedullary junction are amenable to radical excision and that an aggressive surgical approach offers the potential for both neurological recovery and long-term survival. The neuroradiological evaluation and operative technique are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cranial Nerves', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Medulla Oblongata', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Neoplasms', 'Ultrasonography']
| 3,309,202
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A08.800.800.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C04.588.614.250.803', 'C10.228.854.765', 'C10.551.240.750'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Melatonin influences gonadotropin II secretion in the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus).
|
The role of melatonin in the control of gonadotropin II (GtH II) secretion was investigated in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) during different phases of the day-night cycle and seasonal reproductive cycle. Intraperitoneal injection of melatonin during the late-light phase of the day-night cycle elicited a significant elevation in plasma GtH II levels in croaker with fully developed gonads. The increase in GtH II levels was observed 30 min postinjection; the levels remained elevated for 1 hr and started to decline at the 2-hr sampling time. The stimulatory effect of melatonin was dose-dependent over the range 5 to 500 ng/g body weight. Circulating GtH II levels in fish with fully developed gonads showed significant diurnal variation, with elevated levels during the dark phase. The GtH II secretion in response to stimulation by a LHRH analog (LHRHa) also varied during the day-night cycle, with the maximum levels during the early-dark phase. Interestingly, melatonin stimulated GtH II release during the late-light and early- and mid-dark phases. The increased gonadotropic response to melatonin preceded (late-light phase) or corresponded to the period of elevated circulating GtH II levels and increased responsiveness to stimulation by LHRHa during the dark phase, suggesting that melatonin may be involved in the control of daily GtH II cycles in this species. Melatonin inhibited LHRHa-induced GtH II release during the mid-dark phase of the day-night cycle in a dose-dependent manner; the physiological significance of this inhibitory influence is not understood at present. No significant effect of melatonin on basal or LHRHa-induced GtH II release was observed in regressed croaker. Melatonin injection (1 or 10 ng/g body weight) into the third ventricle in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area (POAH) of croaker with fully developed gonads resulted in an elevation in plasma GtH II concentrations. In addition, a low concentration (0.2 ng/ml) of melatonin stimulated in vitro GtH II release from the pituitary fragments of fish with fully developed gonads. These results suggest that melatonin can influence GtH II secretion by acting at the level of POAH and also directly at the pituitary to stimulate GtH II release.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Gonadotropins, Pituitary', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Melatonin', 'Perciformes', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Time Factors']
| 8,930,614
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['D06.472.699.322.576', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Timolol maleate: side effects on healthy nonglaucomatous volunteers.
|
As the number of military pilots over the age of 40 increases, open-angle glaucoma becomes an important aeromedical problem. Epinephrine ophthalmic solution is the only antiglaucomatotic agent in use among flying personnel. Timolol maleate, a new antiglaucomatotic agent, is a nonselective beta-blocker. This drug has a potent hypotensive effect on intraocular pressure with a minimal effect on visual functions. Our data show that it significantly decreases the pulse rate and may eventually be a basis for cardiac dysrythmias.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Adult', 'Aerospace Medicine', 'Glaucoma', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Military Medicine', 'Propanolamines', 'Time Factors', 'Timolol']
| 6,133,515
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['M01.060.116'], ['H02.403.029'], ['C11.525.381'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['H02.403.500'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.033.100.624.915', 'D02.033.755.624.915', 'D02.092.063.624.915', 'D02.886.675.867.768', 'D03.383.129.708.867.768', 'D03.383.533.640.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Damar Batu as a novel matrix former for the transdermal drug delivery: in vitro evaluation.
|
PURPOSE: Damar Batu (DB) is a novel film-forming biomaterial obtained from Shorea species, evaluated in this study for its potential application in transdermal drug delivery system.METHODS: DB was characterized initially in terms of acid value, softening point, molecular weight (M(w)), polydispersity index (M(w)/M(n)), and glass transition temperature (T(g)). Neat, plasticized films of DB were investigated for mechanical properties. The biomaterial was further investigated as a matrix-forming agent for transdermal drug delivery system. Developed matrix-type transdermal patches were evaluated for thickness and weight uniformity, folding endurance, drug content, in vitro drug release study, and skin permeation study.RESULTS: On the basis of in vitro drug release and in vitro skin permeation performance, formulation containing DB/Eudragit RL100 (60 : 40) was found to be better than other formulations and was selected as the optimized formulation. IR analysis of physical mixture of drug and polymer and thin layer chromatography study exhibited compatibility between drug and polymer.CONCLUSION: From the outcome of this study, it can be concluded that applying suitable adhesive layer and backing membrane-developed DB/ERL100, transdermal patches can be of potential therapeutic use.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Diffusion Chambers, Culture', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Stability', 'Irritants', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Polymers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Resins, Plant', 'Skin Absorption', 'Solubility', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 19,555,240
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['E07.241'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.916.330'], ['D27.720.400', 'D27.888.569.300'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D05.750.078.840', 'D20.215.721.500'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of different beverages on the color stability and degree of conversion of nano and microhybrid composites.
|
This study sought to evaluate the effects of different staining solutions on the colour stability of nanocomposites compared with microhybrid resin and to evaluate the degree of conversion of these two materials. Two different shades of two different composites were cured in polytetraflouroethylene disk rings. Coffee, tea and cola drinks were used as staining solutions, and distilled water was used as a control. Data were statistically analysed using a paired T-test with a significance level of 5%. Nano composite showed the highest degree of conversion (DC) values based on calculation of the bonded and free carbonyl peak intensities in the spectrum. The colour analysis showed that nanohybrid had the highest ÄE values when exposed to coffee solutions; they showed less color stability despite having a higher degree of conversion. Nano resin composite showed significantly higher discoloration than microhybrid composite.
|
['Beverages', 'Carbonated Beverages', 'Coffee', 'Color', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Materials', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Nanocomposites', 'Polymerization', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Surface Properties', 'Tea', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 23,538,770
|
[['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['G07.203.100.300', 'J02.200.300'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['G02.750'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G02.860'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of solubilized benzodiazepine and muscimol binding sites from rat brain.
|
Binding sites for muscimol and flunitrazepam were solubilized and their properties studied by ultrafiltration, isoelectro-focusing and cation-exchange chromatography methods. The heterogenity of binding sites for flunitrazepam was demonstrated in the ultrafiltration experiments: the binding sites with a molecular weight of more than 300,000 dalton were sensitive to stimulation by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and those with a molecular weight of less than 300,000 dalton were not. The binding sites for flunitrazepam appeared to be low acidic molecules with pI 5.6-6.0 and binding sites for muscimol an apparently more heterogenous distribution in the range of pH 4.6 to 5.9 was detected. Cation-exchange chromatography revealed two subpopulations of binding sites for muscimol one of which copurified together with binding sites for flunitrazepam. Each subpopulation exhibited only one class of binding site with Kd = 20 nM for a subpopulation copurifying together with binding sites for flunitrazepam and Kd = 9 nM for the other.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Flunitrazepam', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Ultrafiltration', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 6,296,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.320'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['E04.292.975', 'E05.196.454.807', 'G01.280.807', 'G02.263.807'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Solution, solid phase and computational structures of apicidin and its backbone-reduced analogs.
|
The recently isolated broad-spectrum antiparasitic apicidin (1) is one of the few naturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptides (CTP). Depending on the solvent, the backbone of 1 exhibits two gamma-turns (in CH(2)Cl(2)) or a beta-turn (in DMSO), differing solely in the rotation of the plane of one of the amide bonds. In the X-ray crystal structure, the peptidic C==Os and NHs are on opposite sides of the backbone plane, giving rise to infinite stacks of cyclotetrapeptides connected by three intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the backbones. Conformational searches (Amber force field) on a truncated model system of 1 confirm all three backbone conformations to be low-energy states. The previously synthesized analogs of 1 containing a reduced amide bond exhibit the same backbone conformation as 1 in DMSO, which is confirmed further by the X-ray crystal structure of a model system of the desoxy analogs of 1. This similarity helps in explaining why the desoxy analogs retain some of the antiprotozoal activities of apicidin. The backbone-reduction approach designed to facilitate the cyclization step of the acyclic precursors of the CTPs seems to retain the conformational preferences of the parent peptide backbone.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Protein Conformation']
| 16,342,331
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Hematologic repercussions of physical exercise in the mountains].
|
Marked decrease of serum ferritin was found in 28 cadets of the General Military Academy after a 15-day high-mountain drill period during which they practised ski 5 hours a day. No significant changes were found in serum iron, total iron binding capacity, vitamin B 12 and folates. Slight differences found in haemoglobin, white blood cell count and serum albumin were attributed to haemodilution. These findings were thought to be due to decreased iron stores leading neither to anaemia nor to diminished transferrin saturation.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Altitude', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Blood Proteins', 'Exercise', 'Ferritins', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Mountaineering', 'Skiing', 'Vitamins']
| 2,772,779
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G16.500.275.058', 'N06.230.058'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['D12.776.124'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['M01.526.625'], ['I03.450.642.845.582'], ['I03.450.642.845.787.500'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Supercoiling in a Protein Increases its Stability.
|
The supercoiling motif is the most complex type of nontrivial topology found in proteins with at least one disulfide bond and, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been studied before. We show that a protein from extremophilic species with such a motif can fold; however, the supercoiling changes a smooth landscape observed in reduced conditions into a two-state folding process in the oxidative conditions, with a deep intermediate state. The protein takes advantage of the hairpinlike motif to overcome the topological barrier and thus to supercoil. We find that the depth of the supercoiling motif, i.e., the length of the threaded terminus, has a crucial impact on the folding rates of the studied protein. We show that fluctuations of the minimal surface area can be used to measure local stability, and we find that supercoiling introduces stability into the protein. We suggest that the supercoiling motif enables the studied protein to live in physically extreme conditions, which are detrimental to most life on Earth.
|
['Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Folding', 'Proteins', 'Thermodynamics']
| 31,697,559
|
[['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurobehavioral deficits, diseases, and associated costs of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the European Union.
|
CONTEXT: Epidemiological studies and animal models demonstrate that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to cognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental disabilities.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to estimate neurodevelopmental disability and associated costs that can be reasonably attributed to EDC exposure in the European Union.DESIGN: An expert panel applied a weight-of-evidence characterization adapted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Exposure-response relationships and reference levels were evaluated for relevant EDCs, and biomarker data were organized from peer-reviewed studies to represent European exposure and approximate burden of disease. Cost estimation as of 2010 utilized lifetime economic productivity estimates, lifetime cost estimates for autism spectrum disorder, and annual costs for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Setting, Patients and Participants, and Intervention: Cost estimation was carried out from a societal perspective, ie, including direct costs (eg, treatment costs) and indirect costs such as productivity loss.RESULTS: The panel identified a 70-100% probability that polybrominated diphenyl ether and organophosphate exposures contribute to IQ loss in the European population. Polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures were associated with 873,000 (sensitivity analysis, 148,000 to 2.02 million) lost IQ points and 3290 (sensitivity analysis, 3290 to 8080) cases of intellectual disability, at costs of €9.59 billion (sensitivity analysis, €1.58 billion to €22.4 billion). Organophosphate exposures were associated with 13.0 million (sensitivity analysis, 4.24 million to 17.1 million) lost IQ points and 59 300 (sensitivity analysis, 16,500 to 84,400) cases of intellectual disability, at costs of €146 billion (sensitivity analysis, €46.8 billion to €194 billion). Autism spectrum disorder causation by multiple EDCs was assigned a 20-39% probability, with 316 (sensitivity analysis, 126-631) attributable cases at a cost of €199 million (sensitivity analysis, €79.7 million to €399 million). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder causation by multiple EDCs was assigned a 20-69% probability, with 19 300 to 31 200 attributable cases at a cost of €1.21 billion to €2.86 billion.CONCLUSIONS: EDC exposures in Europe contribute substantially to neurobehavioral deficits and disease, with a high probability of >€150 billion costs/year. These results emphasize the advantages of controlling EDC exposure.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cost of Illness', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Endocrine System Diseases', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Europe', 'European Union', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders']
| 25,742,515
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['C19'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.615.500.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['F03']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cytokines and chemokines in serum and urine as early predictors to identify septic patients on intensive care unit.
|
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to address the feasibility of measuring cytokines in serum and urine as early predictor tests for the identification of septic Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The study group consisted of 10 septic and 5 non-septic patients at the onset of sepsis according to modified definitions by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP)/Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). Serum and urine samples were taken from septic patients at the onset of sepsis and from non-septic patients, every 12 h for 3 days and thereafter every 24 h until day 10. Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IFN-gamma, MCP-1, and PCT (procalcitonin) were measured by ELISA. Apart from serum IL-18 and PCT levels, which were elevated in septic patients (p<0.05), levels of all other cytokines and chemokines in the serum of septic patients did not exceed those of the control group. In urine, in contrast with TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and MCP-1 in which no differences between the two groups were observed, a distinct trend of elevated IL-18 levels was observed only in the septic group. Whereas elevated serum IL-18 and PCT are clear candidate markers for sepsis criteria, the present data indicating elevated urine IL-18 levels albeit from a limited number of septic patients is an interesting observation. The profile of inflammatory mediators in serum and urine from septic patients herein warrants further investigations in a larger group of patients at the onset of sepsis driven by different infectious foci.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Calcitonin', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Chemokines', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Interleukin-18', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Precursors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sepsis', 'Time Factors']
| 12,964,035
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.472.699.150', 'D06.472.931.052', 'D12.644.400.095', 'D12.644.548.150', 'D12.776.631.650.095'], ['D12.644.400.097', 'D12.776.631.650.097'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.518', 'D12.776.467.374.465.518', 'D23.529.374.465.518'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rapid kinetic analyses of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase distinguish among different criteria for conformational change.
|
The Na+/K(+)-ATPase couples the hydrolysis of ATP to the transport of Na+ and K+ via a phosphorylated intermediate and conformational changes. In order to identify these conformational changes, we have probed the sequence of steps from EP(3Na+ in) to EP + 3Na+ out with three fluorescent probes (IAF: 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein; BIPM: N-[p-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide; and RH421) and the sensitivity of their fluorescence change to oligomycin and divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mn2+). The magnitude (% delta F) and rate constant (k(obs)) of ATP-induced fluorescence changes were measured on a fluorescence stopped-flow apparatus, and yielded the following results. (a) With RH421, k(obs) and % delta F varied with [Na+] (maximal k(obs) = 100 s-1, K1/2 = 6 mM; % delta Fmax = 6%, K1/2 = 1 mM); these values are comparable to those previously reported using IAF-labeled enzyme (Pratap, P.R., Robinson, J.D. and Steinberg, M.I. (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1069, 288-298). (b) With BIPM-labeled enzyme k(obs) did not vary with [Na+] over the range tested, and was twice as high as the maximum k(obs) for RH421. (c) Treatment with oligomycin reduced k(obs) for all three probes to about the same level (approximately 1-2 s-1) while % delta Fmax was largely unaffected. (d) Replacing Mg2+ with Ca2+ had similar effects to treatment with oligomycin. (e) RH421 fluorescence change was completely abolished in the presence of oligomycin and Ca2+. (f) Replacing Mg2+ with Mn2+ decreased IAF fluorescence, i.e., put the enzyme in an E2-like form, reduced k(obs), and rendered oligomycin less effective in reducing k(obs). From these results, we conclude: (a) the release of the second/third Na+ is the rate-limiting step for the conformational change measured by IAF and charge transfer measured with RH421; (b) BIPM indicates an earlier step, either the deocclusion of Na+ and/or the release of the first Na+; (c) oligomycin blocks Na+ deocclusion, and this step is sensitive to the divalent cation used to activate enzyme phosphorylation; and (d) Ca2+ slows the step reported by IAF as well. These experiments indicate that a simple model with two conformations (E1 and E2) is insufficient to explain transient kinetic data.
|
['Calcium', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Maleimides', 'Manganese', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase']
| 8,395,217
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524', 'D02.478.440', 'D03.383.129.578.399'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of levofloxacin and cefotaxime combined with ofloxacin for ICU patients with community-acquired pneumonia who do not require vasopressors.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin (L) as monotherapy in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in comparison with therapy using a combination of cefotaxime (C) plus ofloxacin (O).DESIGN: Prospective, randomized 1:1, comparative, open, parallel-group study.SETTING: Multinational study with 149 sites.PATIENTS: A total of 398 randomized patients who had been admitted to the ICU with severe CAP without shock, including 308 patients in a modified intent-to-treat population and 271 patients in the per-protocol (PP) population (L group, 139 patients; C + O group, 132 patients).INTERVENTIONS: Therapy with levofloxacin (500 mg IV, q12h) vs therapy with a C + O combination (C, 1g IV, q8h; O, 200 mg IV, q12h) for 10 to 14 days.MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The main end point was the clinical efficacy at the end of treatment (ie, the test-of-cure [TOC] visit). The statistical hypothesis was the noninferiority of L therapy to C + O therapy with a 2.5% alpha risk (unilateral) and a 15% maximum set difference. At the TOC visit, a clinical success was observed in 79.1% of patients (L group) and 79.5% of patients (C + O group) in the PP population (difference, -0.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -10.79 to 9.97% without adjustment for simplified acute physiology score [SAPS] II at inclusion; difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -10.13 to 9.58% with adjustment for SAPS II). A satisfactory bacteriologic response was present in 73.7% of L group patients and 77.5% of C + O group patients, including responses of 75.7% and 70.3%, respectively, in the L group and C + O group in the Streptococcus pneumoniae-documented population. In the safety analysis, 20 patients in the L group (10.3%) and 16 patients in the C + O group (8.0%) experienced at least one adverse event that was considered to be treatment-related.CONCLUSION: L therapy was at least as effective as the combination therapy of C + O in the treatment of a subset of patients with CAP requiring ICU admission. This conclusion cannot be extrapolated to patients requiring mechanical ventilation or vasopressors (ie, those patients in shock).
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cefotaxime', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Levofloxacin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ofloxacin', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,002,932
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C01.234'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characteristics, management and medical costs of patients with depressive disorders admitted in primary and specialised care centres in Spain between 2011 and 2016.
|
More than 10% of the population will suffer from a depressive disorder during their lifetime, which represents a substantial economic and social burden for healthcare systems and societies. Nonetheless, studies suggest that an important percentage of patients receive inadequate treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with depressive disorder in Spain, the current management of these disorders and the costs of specialised care. A retrospective multicentre study was designed including admission records from patients admitted due to a depressive disorder between 2011 and 2016, extracted from a Spanish claims database. The records obtained corresponded to 306,917 patients attended in primary care centres and 27,963 patients registered in specialised care settings. The number of admissions per patient progressively increased over the study period. A correlation was found with socioeconomic factors as the unemployment rate, increased versus the general population (OR = 1.41; 95%CI = 1.38-1.43). Equally, comorbid conditions as hypertension, disorders of lipoid metabolism, diabetes type II, other mood disorders and thyroid disorders were associated with severe presentations of a depressive disorder. In terms of disease management, patients with a severe disorder were the majority in specialised care settings, and most admissions were urgent and inpatient admissions. The use of both electroconvulsive therapy and drug therapy increased during the study period. In terms of costs, specialised care represented an annual cost of €9,654 per patient, and a total annual cost of €44,839,196. Altogether, improved detection and treatment protocols could contribute in reducing the burden that depressive disorders represent for the Spanish National Healthcare System.
|
['Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicine', 'Middle Aged', 'Primary Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spain']
| 32,023,308
|
[['F03.600.300'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Examining the association between social cognition and functioning in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: Social and role functioning are compromised for the majority of individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis, and it is important to identify factors that contribute to this functional decline. This study aimed to investigate social cognitive abilities, which have previously been linked to functioning in schizophrenia, as potential factors that impact social, role and global functioning in ultra-high risk patients.METHOD: A total of 30 ultra-high risk patients were recruited from an established at-risk clinical service in Melbourne, Australia, and completed a battery of social cognitive, neurocognitive, clinical and functioning measures. We examined the relationships between all four core domains of social cognition (emotion recognition, theory of mind, social perception and attributional style), neurocognitive, clinical and demographic variables with three measures of functioning (the Global Functioning Social and Role scales and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) using correlational and multiple regression analyses.RESULTS: Performance on a visual theory of mind task (visual jokes task) was significantly correlated with both concurrent role ( r = 0.425, p = 0.019) and global functioning ( r = 0.540, p = 0.002). In multivariate analyses, it also accounted for unique variance in global, but not role functioning after adjusting for negative symptoms and stress. Social functioning was not associated with performance on any of the social cognition tasks.CONCLUSION: Among specific social cognitive abilities, only a test of theory of mind was associated with functioning in our ultra-high risk sample. Further longitudinal research is needed to examine the impact of social cognitive deficits on long-term functional outcome in the ultra-high risk group. Identifying social cognitive abilities that significantly impact functioning is important to inform the development of targeted intervention programmes for ultra-high risk individuals.
|
['Adult', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Male', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Risk', 'Social Perception', 'Theory of Mind', 'Young Adult']
| 26,698,819
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F03.700.675'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['F02.463.689', 'F02.739.897'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dysnomia in dementia and in stroke patients: different underlying cognitive deficits.
|
The performance of 11 Alzheimer's (DAT) and 8 anomic aphasic stroke patients is contrasted with that of 32 normal elderly subjects on both the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COW), a letter-category verbal-fluency test. While both tests require phonological processing, only the BNT requires semantic processing (object recognition). Both DAT and anomic aphasic stroke patients were significantly impaired on the BNT, with mean z scores (based on the performance of the normals) of -4.08 and -2.57, respectively; the DAT patients were significantly farther from normal than were the anomic aphasics. Their relative levels of impairment on the COW were reversed: The anomic aphasics' performance (z = 1.79) was worse than that of the DATs (z = -0.66). This pattern of performance on the two tests is consistent with the hypothesis that impaired word finding reflects impaired processing mainly of semantic information for the DAT subjects, mainly of lexical-phonological information for the anomic aphasic subjects.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Anomia', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Word Association Tests']
| 2,211,980
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.090', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.090'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.647.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Elucidating the mechanism of Cr(VI) formation upon the interaction with metal oxides during coal oxy-fuel combustion.
|
The thermodynamics underpinning the interaction of Cr-bearing species with basic metal oxides, i.e. K2O, Fe2O3, MgO and CaO, during the air and oxy-fuel combustion of coal have been examined. The synchrotron-based X-ray adsorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used for Cr speciation. For the oxides tested, Cr(VI) formation is dominated by the reduction potential of the metals. The oxides of Ca(2+) with high reduction potential favored the oxidation of Cr(III), same for K(+). The other two basic metals, Fe2O3 and MgO with lower reduction potentials reacted with Cr(III) to form the corresponding chromites at the temperatures above 600°C. Coal combustion experiments in drop-tube furnace have confirmed the rapid capture of Cr vapors, either trivalent or hexavalent, by CaO into solid ash. The existence of HCl in flue gas favored the vaporization of Cr as CrO2Cl2, which was in turn captured by CaO into chromate. Both Fe2O3 and MgO exhibited less capability on scavenging the Cr(VI) vapor. Particularly, MgO alone exhibited a low capability for capturing the vaporized Cr(III) vapors. However, its co-existence with CaO in the furnace inhibited the Cr(VI) formation. This is beneficial for minimizing the toxicity of Cr in the coal combustion-derived fly ash.
|
['Chromium', 'Coal', 'Coal Ash', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Oxides', 'Thermodynamics']
| 23,969,010
|
[['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['D20.345.108', 'N06.230.132.258.108'], ['D20.633.110'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The inhibiting effect of a plasma globulin on arterial thrombus formation, (as compared to dipyridamole).
|
The inhibiting effect on arterial white thrombus formation of a globulin prepared from beef plasma has been compared to dipyridamole in white Wistar rats. It was demonstrated that the globulin fraction had a greater effect in inhibiting thrombus formation as judged by the lag time [t(l)], the maximal thrombus value [m(T)], the maximal thickness of the thrombus [m(D)] and the maximal thrombus surface [m(O)].
|
['Animals', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Dipyridamole', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Rats', 'Serum Globulins', 'Time Factors']
| 725,841
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['D03.383.742.175'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.124.790', 'D12.776.377.715'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reducing pharmacy wait time to promote customer service: a follow-up study.
|
PURPOSE: The present study had 3 objectives: (1) to evaluate the effects of 2 different interventions (feedback regarding customer satisfaction with wait time and combined feedback and goal setting) on wait time in a hospital outpatient pharmacy; (2) to assess the extent to which the previously applied interventions maintained their effects; and (3) to evaluate the differences between the effects of the original study and those of the present follow-up study.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Participants were 10 employees (4 pharmacists and 6 technicians) of an outpatient pharmacy. Wait times and customer satisfaction ratings were collected for "waiting customers." An ABCB within-subjects design was used to assess the effects of the interventions on both wait time and customer satisfaction, where A was the baseline (no feedback and no goal setting); B was the customer satisfaction feedback; and C was the customer satisfaction feedback, the wait time feedback, and the goal setting for wait time reduction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Wait time decreased after baseline when the combined intervention was introduced, and wait time increased with the reintroduction of satisfaction feedback (alone). The results of the replication study confirm the pattern of the results of the original study and demonstrate high sensitivity of levels of customer satisfaction with wait time. The most impressive result of the replication is the nearly 2-year maintenance of lower wait time between the end of the original study and the beginning (baseline) of the replication.
|
['Adult', 'Feedback', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Goals', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Pharmaceutical Services', 'Time Factors', 'Waiting Lists']
| 25,539,487
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['F01.658.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['N02.421.668'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of quantitative molecular clinical end points for siRNA clinical trials.
|
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that results in specific gene inhibition at the mRNA level. The discovery that short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are selective, potent, and can largely avoid immune surveillance has resulted in keen interest to develop these inhibitors as therapeutics. A single nucleotide-specific siRNA (K6a_513a.12, also known as TD101) was recently evaluated in a phase 1b clinical trial for the rare skin disorder, pachyonychia congenita (PC). To develop a clinical trial molecular end point for this type of trial, methods were developed to: (1) isolate total RNA containing amplifiable mRNA from human skin and callus material; (2) quantitatively distinguish the single-nucleotide mutant mRNA from wild-type K6a mRNA in both patient-derived keratinocytes and patient callus; and (3) demonstrate that repeated siRNA treatment results in sustained inhibition of mutant K6a mRNA in patient-derived keratinocyte cultures. These methods allow noninvasive sampling and monitoring of gene expression from patient-collected shavings and may be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of RNAi-based therapeutics, including inhibitors that specifically target single-nucleotide mutations.
|
['Bony Callus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'Keratin-6', 'Keratinocytes', 'Pachyonychia Congenita', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Skin']
| 21,191,405
|
[['A10.165.265.200'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.600.600', 'D12.776.220.475.450.600.600', 'D12.776.860.607.650.600'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['C16.131.077.350.856', 'C16.131.831.350.856', 'C16.320.850.250.856', 'C17.800.529.594', 'C17.800.804.350.856', 'C17.800.827.250.856'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prolonged persistence of a large pericardial effusion and hemodynamic evidence of cardiac tamponade during treatment of myxedema.
|
We describe clinical, echocardiographic, and catheterization findings that were present initially and during therapy in a myxedematous patient with a large pericardial effusion and tamponade. Treatment with thyroxine resulted in a marked improvement of most of the clinical features of hypothyroidism and some improvement in cardiac function. However, the pericardial effusion as well as clinical and laboratory evidence of tamponade persisted for 2 months after full replacement doses of T4 had been achieved. The tamponade was finally relieved by fenestration of the parietal pericardium. These findings are consistent with evidence of an abnormality of pericardial drainage that persists for months after other thyroid hormone dependent functions are normalized by thyroxine replacement. Therefore prompt surgical drainage rather than dependence on medical therapy alone is indicated in myxedematous patients who have cardiac tamponade.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Tamponade', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Myxedema', 'Pericardial Effusion', 'Thyroxine']
| 7,127,923
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.155'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['C17.300.550.590', 'C19.874.482.638'], ['C14.280.695'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of a parietal cell vagotomy and truncal vagotomy with and without drainage on duodenal ulcers in the rat.
|
The gastric secretagogues, pentagastrin and carbachol, produced a 100% incidence of duodenal ulcers. Truncal vagotomy (TV) and parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) prevented these experimental ulcers in the early post-operative period. At 3 weeks TV rats showed a decrease in weight gain, gross gastric distension and the infusion of gastric secretagogues now caused hypersecretory-induced gastric ulcers. TV and gastroenterostomy rats developed stomal ulceration and PCV failed to prevent formation of duodenal ulcers at 3 weeks. These results indicate that vagotomy, irrespective if truncal or highly selective, only has a temporary effect. This may be due to ischaemia or an altered sensitivity of the parietal cell mass with a post-operative recovery.
|
['Animals', 'Carbachol', 'Drainage', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Male', 'Pentagastrin', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Rats', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Vagotomy']
| 7,250,555
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['D06.472.317.413.593', 'D12.644.456.716'], ['C23.550.767'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Free phenols in maize pith and their relationship with resistance to Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attack.
|
The stem borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef?bvre) is the most important insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in northwestern Spain. Among the metabolites present in maize, phenolic compounds could play an important role in resistance. The objective of this work was to determine whether a relationship between phenols and the amount of resistance exists. Amounts of free phenolic compounds in the pith of 13 inbred maize lines that differ in resistance were measured. The phenolic compounds identified were p-coumaric acid, cafeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, chorogenic acid, sinapic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillin. The amount of free p-coumaric acid was correlated with the resistance level. Higher quantities of p-coumaric in the pith could contribute to general resistance to stem borer attack. Jointly with ferulic acid, p-coumaric could provide resistance mechanisms through cell wall fortification and lignification. The other compounds showed no or an unclear relationship with resistance. The vanillic acid showed a decreased tendency after silking, when maize is most attractive for S. nonagrioides, suggesting this acid could act as a chemoattractant for S. nonagrioides larvae or adults. Future studies that focus on these phenolic compounds could be useful in understanding S. nonagrioides resistance.
|
['Animals', 'Moths', 'Phenols', 'Plant Stems', 'Zea mays']
| 16,156,590
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['A18.024.937'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Precocious hypothyroidism mechanisms after radioiodine treatment in Graves' disease.
|
OBJECTIVE: Hypothyroidism can occur after radioiodine treatment for Graves' disease. It may happen precociously and transiently in the first year after treatment. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for precocious hypothyroidism.METHODS: 36 patients treated for Graves disease by radiodiodine were prospectively studied; The following variables were included in the analysis: age, gender, attendance for Graves' orbitopathy (GO), delay before radioiodine treatment, number of recurrences, previous treatments, corticosteroid therapy, thyroid mass, and (131)I dose. The titres of free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), anti-thyroid peroxydase antibodies (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) were monitored. Thyroid stimulating (TSAb) and blocking (TBAb) antibodies were determined and (123)I uptake was measured when hypothyroidism occurred.RESULTS: 23 patients became precociously hypothyroid (group A) while 13 patients did not (group B). The initial TGAb titre was higher in group A (p=0.0024), and corticosteroid therapy was used more frequently to avoid aggravating GO in group B (p=0.0276). TPOAb and TGAb titres increased significantly only in group A (p=0.0112 and p=0.0202, respectively). When hypothyroidism occurred, TBAb was present in 13 patients. Transient hypothyroidism due to TBAb was observed in 1 patient. No iodide organification impairment was disclosed by the perchlorate test.CONCLUSION: Radioinduced thyroiditis appears to be the main mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of precocious hypothyroidism. A higher TGAb titre before treatment is associated with precocious hypothyroidism, suggesting the prognostic value of TGAb. Transient hypothyroidism directly due to TBAb remains rare.
|
['Female', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 21,036,005
|
[['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A possible role for oxytocin in the response to a psychological stressor.
|
Recent evidence suggests that oxytocin (OXT) potentiates corticotropin releasing factor-induced secretion of ACTH. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the possible role of oxytocin in the response to predictable and unpredictable novelty stress. The results clearly demonstrate that oxytocin produced a significant increase in corticosterone in all OXT treated animals. Repeated unpredictable exposure also produced a more substantial increase in corticosterone than predictable exposure to the same stressor. However, a significant interaction between stress and oxytocin was not obtained. It was concluded that whereas corticosterone is released in response to most types of stress, administration of oxytocin does not potentiate the corticosterone response to psychological stress.
|
['11-Hydroxycorticosteroids', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Oxytocin', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 3,749,216
|
[['D06.472.040.585.353'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['A06.300.691'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamics and biodiversity of populations of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria involved in spontaneous heap fermentation of cocoa beans in Ghana.
|
The Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation process was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological and metabolite target analyses. A culture-dependent (plating and incubation, followed by repetitive-sequence-based PCR analyses of picked-up colonies) and culture-independent (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE] of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, PCR-DGGE) approach revealed a limited biodiversity and targeted population dynamics of both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) during fermentation. Four main clusters were identified among the LAB isolated: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Other taxa encompassed, for instance, Weissella. Only four clusters were found among the AAB identified: Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter syzygii-like bacteria, and two small clusters of Acetobacter tropicalis-like bacteria. Particular strains of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and A. pasteurianus, originating from the environment, were well adapted to the environmental conditions prevailing during Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation and apparently played a significant role in the cocoa bean fermentation process. Yeasts produced ethanol from sugars, and LAB produced lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and mannitol from sugars and/or citrate. Whereas L. plantarum strains were abundant in the beginning of the fermentation, L. fermentum strains converted fructose into mannitol upon prolonged fermentation. A. pasteurianus grew on ethanol, mannitol, and lactate and converted ethanol into acetic acid. A newly proposed Weissella sp., referred to as "Weissella ghanaensis," was detected through PCR-DGGE analysis in some of the fermentations and was only occasionally picked up through culture-based isolation. Two new species of Acetobacter were found as well, namely, the species tentatively named "Acetobacter senegalensis" (A. tropicalis-like) and "Acetobacter ghanaensis" (A. syzygii-like).
|
['Acetic Acid', 'Acetobacter', 'Biodiversity', 'Bioreactors', 'Cacao', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Citric Acid', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Ethanol', 'Fermentation', 'Fructose', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Lactic Acid', 'Lactobacillus', 'Mannitol', 'Streptococcaceae', 'Yeasts']
| 17,277,227
|
[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.100.100', 'B03.660.050.755.050.010'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.164'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['D02.241.081.901.434.249'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.500', 'E05.393.290', 'I01.198.780.937.375', 'N04.452.910.099.750'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D02.033.375'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D09.947.875.359.250', 'D09.947.875.465.354'], ['B03.510'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['B03.353.750.737', 'B03.510.400.800', 'B03.510.550.737'], ['B01.300.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of neonatal treatment with porcine insulin (hormonal imprinting) on the receptor binding of insulins of porcine, rat and human origin.
|
A single neonatal insulin treatment in the male rat decreases, whereas in the female rat it increases, the number of insulin receptors detected at the age of one month. No difference could be observed in affinity. The extent of the binding of rat, porcine and human insulin is different (the binding of human insulin is the most pronounced), meanwhile the alterations evoked by neonatal treatment are basically identical.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Female', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptor, Insulin']
| 3,074,622
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Computer-assisted information processing in nephrology exemplified by the Nephrology-Dialysis Data System].
|
The data system nephrology/dialysis (DSND) may improve the documentation and information processes used in chronic hemodialysis. DNSD is efficient if the data input is done carefully. It is possible to display large numbers of laboratory and dialysis data arranged alpha-numerically or graphically. Data over a period of 5 weeks or 14 consecutive examinations are recorded. An advantage is the possibility to print letters, labels and dialysis protocols. For scientific questions the points of class wideness for laboratory results, weight changes or medication are possible. Furthermore, the use of DSND may be valuable for use in a kidney transplantation information system.
|
['Germany', 'Humans', 'Information Systems', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Medical Records', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 2,267,864
|
[['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Perineural spread of rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
|
An unusual pathway of local spread of rhinocerebral mucormycosis is presented with MR and pathologic correlation. Perineural extension, proved with pathology, followed the trigeminal nerve to the pons. Enhancement of the nerve was seen on MR.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Meningitis, Fungal', 'Mucormycosis', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Paranasal Sinuses', 'Pons', 'Sinusitis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Trigeminal Nerve']
| 8,770,260
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C01.150.703.181.500', 'C01.207.198.500', 'C10.228.228.198.500', 'C10.228.614.300'], ['C01.150.703.980.600'], ['C01.597', 'C01.610.684', 'C01.925.597'], ['A04.531.621'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A08.800.800.120.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Acute blood pressure elevations].
|
Blood pressure (BP) elevations may correspond to different clinical situations. Hypertensives emergencies are situations that require immediate reduction in BP because of acute or rapidly progressing target organ damage: accelerated malignant hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy, acute myocardial infarction, acute aortic dissection, acute left ventricular failure, and eclampsia. Hypertensive urgencies are those with marked elevated BP in which it is desirable to reduce BP progressively within few hours, such as severe hypertension, progressive target organ damage, perioperative hypertension. Cerebrovascular accidents have to be individualized. In most patients in the immediate post-stroke period, BP should not be lowered. Caution is advised in lowering BP in these patients because excessive falls may precipitate cerebral ischemia. In situations without symptoms or progressive target organ it is necessary to exclude proximate causes of elevated BP such as pain and elevated BP alone rarely requires antihypertensive treatment. Among parenteral antihypertensive (AH) drugs labetalol, nicardipine, urapidil, and nitroprussiate are generally used, and the choice of AH drug depends on the clinical situation. It is not required to normalize BP immediately but to reduce mean BP no more than 25%, then toward 160/100 mmHg as recommended by JNC VI, in order to avoid an impairment of renal, cerebral or coronary ischemia. Oral long-acting dihydropyridines are often subsequently administrated, except in myocardial ischemia. Therapeutic attitudes vary considerably according to the clinical situation: abstention, immediate decrease or progressive decrease in BP have to be decided.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Eclampsia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Pregnancy', 'Stroke']
| 11,190,294
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E01.171'], ['C25.100'], ['C13.703.395.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A complex signaling network involving protein kinase CK2 is required for hepatitis C virus core protein-mediated modulation of the iron-regulatory hepcidin gene expression.
|
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with hepatic iron overload and elevated serum iron that correlate to poor antiviral responses. Hepcidin (HAMP), a 25-aa cysteine-rich liver-specific peptide, controls iron homeostasis. Its expression is up-regulated in inflammation and iron excess. HCV-mediated hepcidin regulation remains controversial. Chronic HCV patients possess relatively low hepcidin levels; however, elevated HAMP mRNA has been reported in HCV core transgenic mice and HCV replicon-expressing cells. We investigated the effect of HCV core protein on HAMP gene expression and delineated the complex interplay of molecular mechanisms involved. HCV core protein up-regulated HAMP promoter activity, mRNA, and secreted protein levels. Enhanced promoter activity was abolished by co-transfections of core with HAMP promoter constructs containing mutated/deleted BMP and STAT binding sites. Dominant negative constructs, pharmacological inhibitors, and silencing experiments against STAT3 and SMAD4 confirmed the participation of both pathways in HAMP gene regulation by core protein. STAT3 and SMAD4 expression levels were found increased in the presence of HCV core, which orchestrated SMAD4 translocation into the nucleus and STAT3 phosphorylation. To further understand the mechanisms governing the core effect, the role of the JAK/STAT-activating kinase CK2 was investigated. A CK2-dominant negative construct, a CK2-specific inhibitor, and RNAi interference abrogated the core-induced increase on HAMP promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels, while CK2 acted in synergy with core to significantly enhance HAMP gene expression. Therefore, HCV core up-regulates HAMP gene transcription via a complex signaling network that requires both SMAD/BMP and STAT3 pathways and CK2 involvement.
|
['Casein Kinase II', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Gene Silencing', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepcidins', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA Interference', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad4 Protein', 'Up-Regulation', 'Viral Core Proteins']
| 24,718,935
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.600', 'D12.776.476.150.600'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['D12.776.494.249', 'D12.776.543.695.054.425'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.750', 'D12.776.157.057.170.750', 'D12.776.260.713.750', 'D12.776.476.024.428.750', 'D12.776.624.776.760', 'D12.776.930.806.750'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Calling into question the NHS approach to patient safety.
|
In a two-part column John Tingle discusses the Health Foundation's recent report on changing the NHS approach to patient safety. Part one looks at the first part of the report: the case for change.
|
['Humans', 'Patient Safety', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom']
| 26,653,523
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 recombinant virus-like particles induce the formation of neutralizing antibodies and detect HPV-specific antibodies in human sera.
|
Recombinant human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) virus-like particles (VLPs) were tested for their ability to induce the formation of neutralizing antibodies, and were also tested for serodiagnostic capabilities in an ELISA in comparison with HPV-11 whole virions. VLPs, purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation from the cell-free supernatant of Ac11L1-infected Sf9 suspension cell cultures, were used to immunize rabbits and anti-VLP antibodies were tested in the athymic mouse model of HPV-11 infection. Pretreatment of infectious HPV-11 virions with the immune serum of VLP-treated animals caused a marked reduction of graft growth (P < 10(-4)) and viral gene expression (P < 10(-4)), similar to the effects obtained using whole virion postimmune serum, and consistent with immune neutralization. To assess the serodiagnostic capabilities of VLPs, a VLP ELISA was developed and used to analyse sera that were tested previously in an HPV-11 whole virion ELISA. Specific antibodies were detected in 49% of patients' sera (P = 2 x 10(-4)), and individual VLP seroreactivities correlated with those previously obtained using whole virions as the antigen (r = 0.87; P < 10(-6)). These results indicate that recombinant VLPs can be used to elicit a neutralizing antibody response, and can substitute faithfully for native virions in the development of HPV-serodiagnostic immunoassays.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Condylomata Acuminata', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virion']
| 8,046,412
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C01.221.812.640.220', 'C01.778.640.220', 'C01.925.256.650.810.217', 'C01.925.813.220', 'C01.925.825.810.110', 'C01.925.928.914.217', 'C17.800.838.790.810.110'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C01.925.928'], ['D12.776.964'], ['A21.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Epidemic occurrence of respiratory tract infections due to chlamydia].
|
An analysis included 92 children aged between 3 and 7 years, 88 children aged between 3 months and 17 years and 29 their parents with diagnosed chlamydial respiratory infections. Incidence of respiratory infections in the studies pre-school children was 53.2% while in family environment -87.5% in children, and 68.9% in their parents. Infection with chlamydia was found in all members in 57.8% the examined families. All children in 70.3% families were infected.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Family', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Respiratory Tract Infections']
| 8,415,261
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['N06.850.290'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive optic neuritis treated with double-filtration plasmapheresis.
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PURPOSE: The anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody was recently reported to be associated with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Optic nerve involvements in many NMO cases are bilateral and the prognosis is poor. However, it has been suggested that plasma exchange is effective for those patients when steroid pulse therapy is ineffective. Herein, we report successful treatment of a patient with NMO using double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP).CASE: A 22-year-old woman consulted a neurologist for neck pain in March 2008. High-intensity lesions were shown in the cervical spinal cord by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. On July 15, the patient was referred to our department for a headache and pain and blurred vision in the left eye. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 and 20/500 in the right and left eyes, respectively, with visual field defects observed in both. After 3 courses of steroid pulse therapy, anti-AQP4 antibodies were positive. In November, the patient again noticed visual acuity loss in the left eye and was treated by additional steroid pulse therapy, which was not effective. Next, she underwent plasma exchange therapy, though it was stopped due to hypotension and dyspnea. The next day, the patient underwent DFPP treatment and visual function gradually recovered.CONCLUSION: It is important to consider NMO when steroid pulse therapy is not effective. We successfully and safely treated NMO in a young adult patient using DFPP.
|
['Aquaporin 4', 'Autoantibodies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neuromyelitis Optica', 'Plasmapheresis', 'Spinal Cord', 'Young Adult']
| 20,698,801
|
[['D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.468', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730.040.468', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.577'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.114.375.600.500', 'C10.114.375.800', 'C10.292.700.550.500', 'C10.314.350.600.500', 'C10.314.350.800', 'C11.640.576.695', 'C20.111.258.250.550.500', 'C20.111.258.250.775'], ['E02.120.770', 'E02.912.715', 'E04.292.869'], ['A08.186.854'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A phase II study on continuous infusional paclitaxel and 5-Fu as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuous infusional paclitaxel and 5-Fu as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).METHODS: A total of 22 patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer with no indications for surgery and radiation therapy, or recurrent patients were enrolled from October 2008 to November 2010. All were treated with PTX 20 mg/m2 was administered through a 16 hours continuous intravenous infusion on days 1 to 3, 8 and 9. DDP 3.75 mg/m2 was given on days 1 to 4 and 8 to 11, continuous infusional 5-FU over 24-hours on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12 at a dose of 375 mg/m2, and folacin 60 mg orally synchronized with 5-Fu. The treatment was repeated every 21 days for at least two cycles.RESULTS: 22 cases of all enrolled patients could be evaluated for the effect of treatment: 2 cases were CR, 9 cases PR, 5 cases SD and 2 cases PD, giving an overall response rate of 68.2% (15/22). The median time to progression was 7.0 months. The adverse reactions related to chemotherapy were tolerable; the most common toxic effects were marrow depression, alopecia, and fatigue.CONCLUSION: Low-dose continuous infusional PTX over 16-hours and 5-fu over 24-hours is a promising regimen with good tolerability in treating patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Paclitaxel', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 23,317,222
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ethical issues in community-based participatory research: balancing rigorous research with community participation in community intervention studies.
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PROBLEM: Concerns have been raised that community participation might compromise scientific rigor in community-based participatory research (CBPR).PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to identify potential sources of tension between the values of scientific rigor and community participation in CBPR.KEY POINTS: CBPR lies at the nexus of two major underlying ethical concerns--respect for community autonomy and the fair allocation of limited public resources--which have generated considerable controversy about appropriate criteria for evaluating CBPR grant proposals. The complexity of evaluating CBPR proposals is compounded by the multiple purposes that it serves: (1) an ethical function of demonstrating respect for community autonomy; (2) a research method for eliciting ideas for interventions to improve population health; and (3) an intervention in itself, seeking to enhance the capacities of community participants.CONCLUSIONS: Growing use of CBPR raises two new ethical issues that deserve greater public attention: first, the problem of securing informed consent and demonstrating respect for community autonomy when the locus of research shifts from the individual to community level; and second, fair distribution of scarce public resources when practical constraints make the most rigorous research designs for assessing the effects of community interventions virtually impossible. In light of recent federal initiatives, it is critical to achieve a common understanding of appropriate ethical and scientific standards for assessing the merits of CBPR.
|
['Community Participation', 'Community-Based Participatory Research', 'Humans', 'Research Design', 'Resource Allocation']
| 20,208,234
|
[['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['H01.770.644.193', 'N05.425.104'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['I01.261.750']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Sequential injection extraction based on restricted access material for determination of furosemide in serum.
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Restricted access material (RAM) column containing 25 microm C18 alkyl-diol support was integrated into the sequential injection analysis (SIA) manifold and the SIA-RAM system was tested for direct determination of furosemide in serum. LiChrospher ADS column based on restricted access material is proposed to direct injection of biofluids. The integration of RAM material into SIA enabled creation of a comprehensive on-line sample clean-up technique combined with fluorescence quantitation of analyte. Centrifuged and diluted serum sample was aspirated into the system and loaded onto the column using acetonitrile-water (2:98), pH 2.7. The analyte was retained on the column while proteins contained in the sample were removed to the waste without precipitation and clogging the column. Interfering substances complicating the detection were washed out by acetonitrile-water (15:85), pH 2.7 in the next step. The extracted analyte was eluted by means of acetonitrile-water (25:75), pH 2.3 to the fluorescence detector (emission filter 385 nm). The whole procedure comprising sample pre-treatment, analyte detection and column reconditioning took 20 min. The recoveries of furosemide from serum lay between 101.4 and 103.4% for three concentrations of analyte.
|
['Adsorption', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Diuretics', 'Furosemide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Reference Standards', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 16,130,720
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantification of activated carbon contents in soils and sediments using chemothermal and wet oxidation methods.
|
Activated carbon (AC) strongly sorbs organic pollutants and can be used for remediation of soils and sediments. A method for AC quantification is essential to monitor AC (re)distribution. Since AC is black carbon (BC), two methods for BC quantification were tested for AC mixed in different soils and sediments: i) chemothermal oxidation (CTO) at a range of temperatures and ii) wet-chemical oxidation with a potassium dichromate/sulfuric acid solution. For three soils, the amount of AC was accurately determined by CTO at 375 degrees C. For two sediments, however, much of the AC disappeared during combustion at 375 degrees C, which could probably be explained by catalytic effects by sediment constituents. CTO at lower temperatures (325-350 degrees C) was a feasible alternative for one of the sediments. Wet oxidation effectively functioned for AC quantification in sediments, with almost complete AC recovery (81-92%) and low remaining amounts of native organic carbon (5-16%).
|
['Adsorption', 'Charcoal', 'Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Hot Temperature', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Soil']
| 19,683,375
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['E05.196'], ['N06.230.080.600', 'N06.850.460.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Human Dental Fluorosis and Kashin-Beck Disease.
|
To explore the pathologies of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and KBD accompanied with dental fluorosis (DF), we conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles. 12 subjects were recruited, including 4 KBD patients, 4 patients with KBD and DF and 4 healthy subjects. Genome-wide expression profiles from their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated by customized oligonucleotide microarray. R programming software was used for the microarray data analysis followed by functional enrichment analysis through KOBAS. Several potential biomarkers were identified, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for their validation. In this study, 28 genes and 8 genes were found to be up- and down-regulated respectively in KBD patients compared with health subjects. In patients with KBD and DF, we obtained 10 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes compared with health controls. Strikingly, no differential expression gene (DEG) was identified between the two groups of patients. A total of 10 overlaps (DUSP2, KLRF1, SRP19, KLRC3, CD69, SIK1, ITGA4, ID3, HSPA1A, GPR18) were obtained between DEGs of patients with KBD and patients with KBD and DF. They play important roles in metabolism, differentiation, apoptosis and bone-development. The relative abundance of 8 DEGs, i.e. FCRL6, KLRC3, CXCR4, CD93, CLK1, GPR18, SRP19 and KLRF1, were further confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Fluorosis, Dental', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Kashin-Beck Disease', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Transcriptome']
| 29,317,700
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C07.793.330'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.099.708.534'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia on renal function.
|
The effects of sevoflurane on renal function were investigated in 34 patients anaesthetized with sevoflurane. Based on preoperative serum creatinine levels, patients were classified into three groups: Group 1 (n = 25) had normal renal function (serum creatinine < 1.0 mg/dl); Group 2 (n = 5) had slight renal dysfunction (1.0 < or = serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dl); Group 3 (n = 4) had moderate renal dysfunction (serum creatinine > or = 1.5 mg/dl]. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine volume were measured preoperatively, and at Days 0, 1, 2, 7 and 28 after operation. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen showed no significant postoperative differences (P < 0.05) in each group, whereas urine volume showed a significant increase until Day 2, with no further changes thereafter. Our results suggest that sevoflurane anaesthesia causes no significant renal damage in patients with normal and insufficient renal function under normal-duration anaesthesia within 3-4 h.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Creatinine', 'Ethers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Methyl Ethers', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Period', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Sevoflurane']
| 9,100,163
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.060', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.060'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['D02.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.355.601'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['D02.355.601.810', 'D02.455.526.510.717']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The core domain of retrotransposon integrase in Hordeum: predicted structure and evolution.
|
Propagation of long terminal repeat (LTR)-bearing retrotransposons and retroviruses requires integrase (IN, EC 2.7.7.-), encoded by the retroelements themselves, which mediates the insertion of cDNA copies back into the genome. An active retrotransposon family, BARE-1, comprises approximately 7% of the barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) genome. We have generated models for the secondary and tertiary structure of BARE-1 IN and demonstrate their similarity to structures for human immunodeficiency virus 1 and avian sarcoma virus INs. The IN core domains were compared for 80 clones from 28 Hordeum accessions representative of the diversity of the genus. Based on the structural model, variations in the predicted, aligned translations from these clones would have minimal structural and functional effects on the encoded enzymes. This indicates that Hordeum retrotransposon IN has been under purifying selection to maintain a structure typical of retroviral INs. These represent the first such analyses for plant INs.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Hordeum', 'Integrases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Retroelements', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 9,729,878
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['D08.811.739.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.444.308.760', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.800', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ranitidine does not affect chlormethiazole or indocyanine green disposition.
|
Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity and to lower hepatic blood flow. It is not known whether these effects are related to its H2-receptor antagonism or to its intrinsic structure. Ranitidine is a more potent H2-receptor antagonist and differs structurally from cimetidine. In our study, ranitidine, 150 mg twice daily, had no effect on oral or systemic clearance of chlormethiazole, a sedative with a high clearance, and no effect on indocyanine green elimination.
|
['Adult', 'Chlormethiazole', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Furans', 'Humans', 'Indocyanine Green', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Ranitidine']
| 6,307,580
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.886.675.180', 'D03.383.129.708.180'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D03.383.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.400'], ['A03.620'], ['D03.383.312.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic analysis of vascular morphogenesis using transgenic quail embryos.
|
BACKGROUND: One of the least understood and most central questions confronting biologists is how initially simple clusters or sheet-like cell collectives can assemble into highly complex three-dimensional functional tissues and organs. Due to the limits of oxygen diffusion, blood vessels are an essential and ubiquitous presence in all amniote tissues and organs. Vasculogenesis, the de novo self-assembly of endothelial cell (EC) precursors into endothelial tubes, is the first step in blood vessel formation. Static imaging and in vitro models are wholly inadequate to capture many aspects of vascular pattern formation in vivo, because vasculogenesis involves dynamic changes of the endothelial cells and of the forming blood vessels, in an embryo that is changing size and shape.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have generated Tie1 transgenic quail lines Tg(tie1:H2B-eYFP) that express H2B-eYFP in all of their endothelial cells which permit investigations into early embryonic vascular morphogenesis with unprecedented clarity and insight. By combining the power of molecular genetics with the elegance of dynamic imaging, we follow the precise patterning of endothelial cells in space and time. We show that during vasculogenesis within the vascular plexus, ECs move independently to form the rudiments of blood vessels, all while collectively moving with gastrulating tissues that flow toward the embryo midline. The aortae are a composite of somatic derived ECs forming its dorsal regions and the splanchnic derived ECs forming its ventral region. The ECs in the dorsal regions of the forming aortae exhibit variable mediolateral motions as they move rostrally; those in more ventral regions show significant lateral-to-medial movement as they course rostrally.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present results offer a powerful approach to the major challenge of studying the relative role(s) of the mechanical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of vascular development. In past studies, the advantages of the molecular genetic tools available in mouse were counterbalanced by the limited experimental accessibility needed for imaging and perturbation studies. Avian embryos provide the needed accessibility, but few genetic resources. The creation of transgenic quail with labeled endothelia builds upon the important roles that avian embryos have played in previous studies of vascular development.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Blood Vessels', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Models, Animal', 'Morphogenesis', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Quail']
| 20,856,866
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['A07.015'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.598'], ['G07.345.500'], ['G09.330.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of porcine Pseudomonas ARDS with combination drug therapy.
|
A combination drug therapy (Poly-5: ibuprofen 12.5 mg/kg, methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg, cimetidine 150 mg, diphenhydramine 10 mg/kg, and ketanserin 0.2 mg/kg) given at 20 and 120 minutes after starting continuous intravenous Pseudomonas (Ps, 5 X 10(8) CFU/20 kg/min) was studied in three groups of swine: saline control (C, n = 9), Ps alone (Ps, n = 8), and Ps plus Poly-5 (n = 5). PaO2, systemic (SAP) and pulmonary arterial (PAP) pressures, cardiac index (CI), thermal-cardiogreen extravascular lung water (EVLW), pulmonary albumin flux (slope index, SI), and arterial blood serotonin levels (5-HT) were measured. Ps produced significant (p less than 0.05) increases in PAP, EVLW, and SI with decreases in PaO2, CI, and SAP. 5-HT fell significantly compared to baseline. Poly-5 prevented (p less than 0.05) the rise in EVLW and SI and the fall in PaO2 and CI compared to Ps. PAP and SI were maintained at C until 90 and 150 minutes, respectively. SAP fell significantly from C at 30, 60, and 180 minutes. 5-HT was significantly lower than Ps throughout, and significantly lower than baseline at 180 minutes. Combined blockade of arachidonic acid metabolites, histamine, and serotonin receptors prevented hypoxemia, increased pulmonary capillary permeability, and cardiovascular deterioration in this porcine septic ARDS model.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Cardiac Output', 'Cimetidine', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Extracellular Space', 'Ibuprofen', 'Ketanserin', 'Lung', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Serotonin', 'Swine']
| 3,694,722
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['D02.078.370.200', 'D03.383.129.308.130'], ['D02.092.471.320', 'D02.455.426.559.389.115.250'], ['D26.310'], ['E02.319.310'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['A04.411'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular and extracellular acid-base status as a function of temperature in the freshwater channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
|
The relationship between acid-base status and temperature was studied in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The change in blood pH with temperature had a slope of -0.0132/degrees C and involved both a decrease in total CO2 at higher temperatures, and a significant rise in arterial PCO2. The acid-base changes in the intracellular compartment were similar to those in the blood, except that for red and white muscle the slope of the change in pH with temperature had a slightly higher value (-0.0185 and -0.0147, respectively), and for heart muscle it had a smaller value (-0.0117). The net whole-body excretion of acid or base in response to temperature change was relatively small: 0.40 m-mole . kg-1 net OH- was excreted in response to an increase from 22 to 31 degrees C, and 0.31 m-mole . kg-1 net H+ was excreted in response to change from 25 to 15 degrees C. In both cases approximately half was excreted renally and half branchially. Using information on the volumes and buffer capacities of the various body fluid compartments as well as the information above, the ratio of imidazole to phosphate intracellular buffers was calculated to be 5.1 to 1. The amount of intercompartmental (active) transfer required to make temperature adjustments is strongly dependent on the buffer ratio, and on the PCO2. Without the observed changes in PCO2 with temperature, the transfer requirement would have been 3 to 4 times larger.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Fishes', 'Gills', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kidney', 'Temperature']
| 6,813,417
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['A13.421'], ['G02.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Resonance based respiratory sound decomposition aiming at localization of crackles in noisy measurements.
|
In this work, resonance based decomposition of lung sounds that aims to separate wheeze, crackle and vesicular sounds into three individual channels while automatically localizing crackles for both synthetic and real data is presented. Previous works focus on stationary-non stationary discrimination to separate crackles and vesicular sounds disregarding wheezes which are stationary as compared to crackles. However, wheeze sounds include important cues about the underlying pathology. Using two different threshold methods and synthetic sound generation scenarios in the presence of wheezes, resonance based decomposition performs 89.5 % crackle localization recall rate for white Gaussian noise and 98.6 % crackle localization recall rate for healthy vesicular sound treated as noise at low signal-to-noise ratios. Besides, an adaptive threshold determination which is independent from the channel at which it will be applied is used and is found to be robust to noise.
|
['Auditory Threshold', 'Auscultation', 'Humans', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Sound']
| 28,269,094
|
[['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['E01.370.600.060'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.779', 'E01.370.386.720', 'G09.772.775'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['G01.750.770.776']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An easy method to demonstrate the cruciate ligaments by double contrast arthrography.
|
A reproducible technique which does not require special equipment for demonstrating the cruciate ligaments by double contrast arthrography is described. The positive contrast medium coats the synovial surfaces of the ligaments, i.e., the anterior aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior aspect of the posterior cruciate ligaments. The ligaments appear lucent by this technique because they are delineated by a sharp positive contrast medium/lucent interface. The study is performed prior to the meniscal exam before medium absorption occurs.
|
['Humans', 'Knee', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Methods', 'Radiography']
| 628,763
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.450'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['E05.581'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Freezing-assisted intracellular drug delivery to multidrug resistant cancer cells.
|
The efficacy of chemotherapy is significantly impaired by the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. The mechanism of MDR is associated with the overexpression of certain adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein transporters in plasma membranes, which actively pump out cytotoxic drugs from the intracellular space. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that freezing and thawing (F/T) may enhance intracellular drug delivery to MDR cancer cells via F/T-induced denaturation of MDR-associated proteins and/or membrane permeabilization. After a human MDR cancer cell line (NCI/ADR-RES) was exposed to several F/T conditions, its cellular drug uptake was quantified by a fluorescent calcein assay using calcein as a model drug. After F/T to -20 degrees C, the intracellular uptake of calcein increased by 70.1% (n=5, P=0.0004). It further increased to 118% as NCI/ADR-RES cells were frozen/thawed to -40 degrees C (n=3, P=0.009). These results support the hypothesis, and possible mechanisms of F/T-enhanced intracellular drug delivery were proposed and discussed.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Freezing', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms']
| 19,640,149
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dental health knowledge in a group of Latin American refugees in Sweden.
|
Sixty-nine Latin American refugees with a mean age of 31 years participated in this study. The knowledge about dental health before and after reading a self-instructional manual in Spanish was tested by questionnaires. The test persons were also interviewed about their dietary habits. The results showed an improvement of 30% of right answers after reading the manual and that a frequent sugar consumption was common. This indicates that a self-instructional manual can be of value in oral health prevention in a similar group of non-resident immigrants.
|
['Adult', 'Chile', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Health Education, Dental', 'Humans', 'Latin America', 'Male', 'Manuals as Topic', 'Middle Aged', 'Programmed Instructions as Topic', 'Refugees', 'Sweden']
| 2,603,129
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['I02.233.332.374', 'N02.421.726.407.457', 'N06.890.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.424'], ['L01.178.682.192.609', 'L01.178.820.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.425.818.500', 'I02.903.771.500'], ['M01.755'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neurocomputational mechanisms of adaptive learning in social exchanges.
|
Prior work on prosocial and self-serving behavior in human economic exchanges has shown that counterparts' high social reputations bias striatal reward signals and elicit cooperation, even when such cooperation is disadvantageous. This phenomenon suggests that the human striatum is modulated by the other's social value, which is insensitive to the individual's own choices to cooperate or defect. We tested an alternative hypothesis that, when people learn from their interactions with others, they encode prediction error updates with respect to their own policy. Under this policy update account striatal signals would reflect positive prediction errors when the individual's choices correctly anticipated not only the counterpart's cooperation but also defection. We examined behavior in three samples using reinforcement learning and model-free analyses and performed an fMRI study of striatal learning signals. In order to uncover the dynamics of goal-directed learning, we introduced reversals in the counterpart's behavior and provided counterfactual (would-be) feedback when the individual chose not to engage with the counterpart. Behavioral data and model-derived prediction error maps (in both whole-brain and a priori striatal region of interest analyses) supported the policy update model. Thus, as people continually adjust their rate of cooperation based on experience, their behavior and striatal learning signals reveal a self-centered instrumental process corresponding to reciprocal altruism.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Altruism', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Feedback, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reinforcement, Psychology', 'Young Adult']
| 30,756,349
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.145.813.090'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['F01.058.288', 'F04.754.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.425.770'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in Cyclosporine A-induced rat gingival overgrowth.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proved to occur in drug-induced gingival overgrowth. However, the specific pathogenic mechanism remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to examine the expression of EMT markers in cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth in rat models.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received CsA therapy subcutaneously in a daily dose of 10mg/kg, and the other group was used as a control. Six rats per group were sacrificed at 20, 40 and 60days, and the gingivae were obtained. The expression of TGF-â1, E-Cadherin, ZEB1, ZEB2, and Snail1 were examined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, a group of microRNAs associated with EMT and fibrosis were also detected in gingival tissue by qRT-PCR.RESULTS: The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-â1, ZEB1, and ZEB2 in gingivae were significantly upregulated after 40 and 60days of CsA administration. Conversely, the levels of E-cadherin were significantly downregulated in overgrowth sample at day 40 and 60. Intense immunohistochemmical staining for TGF-â1 were observed in the samples from CsA group at day 40 and 60. Concomitantly, the densities of E-cadherin were gradually decreased in the basal layers of epithelium with time. Three members of miR-200s (miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c) were significantly downregulated in CsA-treated rats at 40 and 60days, while miR-9, miR-23a and miR-155 were significantly upregulated when compared with those of the control group.CONCLUSIONS: The process of EMT in CsA-induced rat gingival overgrowth is associated with increased expression of TGF-â1, ZEB1, and ZEB2, and decreased expression of E-cadherin.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cyclosporine', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Gingival Overgrowth', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 28,472,720
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G04.356.500'], ['C07.465.714.258.428'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Universities in capacity building in sustainable development: focus on solid waste management and technology.
|
This paper analyses some of the higher education and research capacity building experiences gained from 1998-2006 by Danish and Malaysian universities. The focus is on waste management, directly relating to both the environmental and socio-economic dimensions of sustainable development. Primary benefits, available as an educational legacy to universities, were obtained in terms of new and enhanced study curricula established on Problem-oriented Project-based Learning (POPBL) pedagogy, which strengthened academic environmental programmes at Malaysian and Danish universities. It involved more direct and mutually beneficial cooperation between academia and businesses in both countries. This kind of university reach-out is considered vital to development in all countries actively striving for global and sustainable development. Supplementary benefits were accrued for those involved directly in activities such as the 4 months of field studies, workshops, field courses and joint research projects. For students and academics, the gains have been new international dimensions in university curricula, enhanced career development and research collaboration based on realworld cases. It is suggested that the area of solid waste management offers opportunities for much needed capacity building in higher education and research, contributing to sustainable waste management on a global scale. Universities should be more actively involved in such educational, research and innovation programmes to make the necessary progress. ISWA can support capacity building activities by utilizing its resources--providing a lively platform for debate, securing dissemination of new knowledge, and furthering international networking beyond that which universities already do by themselves. A special challenge to ISWA may be to improve national and international professional networks between academia and business, thereby making education, research and innovation the key driving mechanisms in sustainable development in solid waste management.
|
['Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Denmark', 'Global Health', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Program Evaluation', 'Refuse Disposal', 'Time Factors', 'Universities', 'Waste Management']
| 17,612,324
|
[['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.700', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600'], ['G01.910.857'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Square wave voltammetry based on determination of copper (II) ions by polyluteolin- and polykaempferol-modified electrodes.
|
Applicability of square wave voltammetry for the determination of Cu(II) ions by PolyLut/GC and PolyKae/GC electrodes was evaluated in this study. For this luteolin and kaempferol were electrochemically polymerized on glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface in order to get polyluteolin and polykaempferol-modified glassy carbon electrodes (PolyLut/GC and PolyKae/GC, correspondingly). The formation of polyphenol layer on the GC electrode surface was evidenced by atomic force microscopy. Square wave voltammetry was found to be more sensitive in comparison with differential pulse voltammetry. It was determined that PolyLut/GC and PolyKae/GC electrodes offered great sensitivity towards Cu(II) ions with very low limit of detection, good reproducibility, sufficient stability and excellent selectivity of analytical signal.
|
['Carbon', 'Copper', 'Electrochemistry', 'Electrodes', 'Flavonoids', 'Glass', 'Kaempferols', 'Luteolin', 'Phenols', 'Polymers', 'Polyphenols', 'Surface Properties']
| 21,726,733
|
[['D01.268.150'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['J01.637.437'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.388', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.388'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260.555', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.555'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of a simple body-monitoring system in a pilot study on workers exposed to unsealed gamma-ray emitting material.
|
A portable body-monitoring system developed by the board uses two detectors, one for whole-body measurements and one for thyroid measurements. It can detect most commonly used gamma-ray emitting nuclides down to levels below those of interest for radiological protection purposes. The system has been used at 11 establishments including hospitals, universities, and research laboratories. Measurements have been made on 109 workers exposed to unsealed gamma-ray emitting material. Some activity other than that due to naturally occurring 40potassium was detected in a substantial proportion (30%) of those measured. The contaminating nuclides most often detected were 125iodine and 99mtechnetium. Some cases of contamination with 131iodine, 137caesium, 67gallium, and 85strontium were also detected. In most cases the level of activity detected was very low, but in three it was above the derived investigation level for routine monitoring of the nuclide concerned. The need for monitoring and possible monitoring programmes in which such a system would be useful are discussed.
|
['Gamma Rays', 'Humans', 'Pilot Projects', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Whole-Body Counting']
| 6,775,682
|
[['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['A06.300.900'], ['E05.799.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Localization of acetylated alpha-tubulin in Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis.
|
We used monoclonal antibodies specific for acetylated and nonacetylated alpha-tubulin to detect and to localize microtubules containing acetylated alpha-tubulin (stable microtubules) in the pathogenic protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that tubulin is a major protein of both parasites, being enriched in cytoskeletal preparations of whole cells extracted with Triton X-100. The monoclonal antibodies, which recognize all isoforms of alpha-tubulin (B-5-1-2) and only acetylated alpha-tubulin (6-11B-1), bind to the tubulin of T. foetus and T. vaginalis as seen by immunoblotting. Tubulin-containing structures were localized using immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the whole cytoskeleton previously incubated in the presence of the anti-tubulin antibodies and a second antibody-gold complex, and then processed using the negative staining or replica techniques. The results obtained indicate that, in addition to the flagellar microtubules, those which form the peltar-axostyle system represent stable microtubules containing acetylated alpha-tubulin.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Colchicine', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microtubules', 'Trichomonas vaginalis', 'Tritrichomonas', 'Tubulin', 'Vinblastine']
| 3,066,505
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D03.132.225'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['B01.630.800.808.717'], ['B01.630.800.849'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Biological indicators with a prognostic significance in neuroblastoma in children].
|
Thanks to the recent progress made concerning the biology of neuroblastoma, we can now define with greater accuracy the progression and prognosis of these tumours. Several biologic profiles distinguish the neuroblastoma at stage IV-S, the prognosis of which is usually good, thus providing it with a true biological identity.
|
['Catecholamines', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Ferritins', 'Gangliosides', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Phosphopyruvate Hydratase', 'Prognosis']
| 3,359,058
|
[['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['D09.400.410.420.025.475', 'D10.390.470.025.475', 'D10.570.877.360.025.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.500'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Apoptotic response of spermatogenic cells to the germ cell mutagens etoposide, adriamycin, and diepoxybutane.
|
In testis, apoptosis is a way to eliminate damaged germ cells during their development. In this study, we evaluated the ability of three germ cell mutagens to induce apoptosis (or programmed cell death) at specific stages of rat seminiferous epithelial cycle. These chemicals include the cancer chemotherapy drugs etoposide and adriamycin and the butadiene metabolite diepoxybutane. According to our results, etoposide is a very potent inducer of apoptosis in male rat germ cells and the cell types most sensitive to it include all types of spermatogonia, zygotene, and early pachytene spermatocytes and meiotically dividing spermatocytes. Also, adriamycin causes an increase in apoptosis at specific stages of seminiferous epithelial cycle and the most sensitive cell types are type A3-4 spermatogonia, preleptotene, zygotene, and early pachytene spermatocytes. Diepoxybutane does not cause any significant increase in the frequency of apoptosis in rat testis. In addition, we studied whether p53 is taking part in the apoptotic response of spermatogenic cells by studying the levels of p53 protein in testis before and after chemical treatment. No accumulation of p53 in testis was seen after treatment with these three chemicals. The expression of two p53-regulated genes, p21WAF1 and mdm2, was also studied but no increase in the levels of mRNA of these genes was observed after treatment. The results indicate that apoptosis should be taken into consideration when the genotoxic effects of chemicals are evaluated in germ cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclins', 'Doxorubicin', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Etoposide', 'Gene Expression', 'Male', 'Mutagens', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Paraffin Embedding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Spermatozoa', 'Testis', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 9,544,191
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['G05.297'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440.610', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440.610', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440.610', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440.610'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.562', 'D12.776.624.664.700.185', 'D12.776.660.764'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prognosticators in recurrent breast cancer. A 15-year experience with irradiation.
|
After initial surgery, 133 breast cancer patients, who did not receive postoperative radiation or chemotherapy, were subsequently irradiated for recurrences in the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Hospital. All patients have been followed for a minimum of 5 years after the treatment of recurrences. An extensive analysis was done in search of prognosticators for outcome in recurrent breast cancer. Traditional prognostic factors, such as the initial axillary status, primary surgical procedure, initial menopausal status, time and site of recurrences, distant metastases and radiation dose and field issues, were investigated. No correlation was found between the initial axillary status and the overall prognosis after recurrence. The main prognosticators were: the size of the initial breast tumor, the radiation treatment for recurrences, and the presence of, or time to, distant metastases. Initial T1-T2 breast tumors were associated with a delayed onset of recurrences and a lower incidence of chest wall relapses; in turn, both the latter situations yielded the best outcome. Radiation doses of more than 4000 rad in 4 weeks delivered with locoregional fields achieved a local control rate of 72%, and the best 5-year post-recurrence survival (57%). In 52% of the recurrent breast cancer patients, distant metastases were discovered; 70% of them occurred within 2 years from recurrence. The overall post-recurrence 5-year survival for the entire series was 40%. Both the results achieved with radiation therapy and the need for a logical strategy to approach the problem of breast cancer recurrences are discussed. The situation for a large proportion of these patients is not hopeless, and many are salvagable . Combined modality approaches could offer the best possibilities of survival. However, the importance of radiation therapy in the management of these patients cannot be denied or ignored.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mastectomy', 'Menopause', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prognosis', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 6,327,002
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E04.466'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An evidence-based guideline for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding. Working Party for Guidelines for the Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding.
|
AIMS: The objective of this guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of regular heavy menstrual bleeding in women with no detectable pathology.METHODS: A multidisciplinary working party was formed which met on four occasions over a 12 month period. The evidence from randomised controlled trials was summarised into evidence tables and guidelines were developed. A draft report was circulated in November 1997 prior to the final report which was published in July 1998.RESULTS: A diagnostic and treatment algorithm was produced (Figure 1) as well as a full text report. The cost of implementing the guideline was considered and overall net savings of $6 million were likely.CONCLUSIONS: An explicit evidence-based guideline on the management of heavy menstrual bleeding was produced. Both the Royal New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners endorsed this guideline.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Menorrhagia', 'Middle Aged', 'Progesterone']
| 10,391,640
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.852.691.449', 'C23.550.414.993.350', 'C23.550.568.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Treatment of 63 advanced ovarian carcinomas].
|
62 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma (37 stage III, 4 stage IV and 22 recurrent lesions) were treated in our hospital from 1977 to 1981, 38 patients underwent surgery. 25 with inoperable tumor initially received preoperative chemotherapy (VCF protocol: vincristine + cyclophosphamide + fluorouracil chiefly) followed by surgery. The response rate of chemotherapy was 48%. Apart from 1 progressive tumor during chemotherapy, 24/25 were explored. There were 10/24 with residual tumor less than 2 cm in diameter, giving a resection rate of 41.7% as compared with the resection rate of 42.1% (16/38) in the operation group. It is shown that the preoperative chemotherapy improves the resection rate. 44 patients received postoperative chemotherapy and 12, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy only. The overall 2.3 and 5 year survival rates of these 63 patients were 39.7%, 31.7% and 23.8%. The 2 and 3 year survivals were 41.9% and 32.3% in 31 patients with postoperative chemotherapy using VCF protocol. The results indicate that VCF protocol is effective for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, especially patients with residual tumor less than 2 cm in size. Chemotherapy with more than 3 courses has better effect.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Vincristine']
| 3,452,529
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Two ears and two (or more?) devices: a pediatric case study of bilateral profound hearing loss.
|
Advances in technology and expanding candidacy guidelines have motivated many clinics to consider children with precipitously sloping high-frequency hearing loss as candidates for cochlear implants (CIs). A case study is presented of a pediatric CI patient whose hearing thresholds were preserved within 10 dB of preimplant levels (125-750 Hz) after receiving a fully inserted 31.5-mm electrode array at one ear. The primary goal of this study was to explore the possible benefit of using both a hearing aid (HA) and a CI at one ear while using a HA at the opposite ear. The authors find that although the use of bilateral hearing aids with a CI may only provide a slight benefit, careful attention must be paid to the coordinated fitting of devices, especially at the ear with two devices.
|
['Audiometry', 'Auditory Pathways', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Correction of Hearing Impairment', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Hearing Aids', 'Hearing Loss, High-Frequency', 'Humans', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Persons With Hearing Impairments', 'Pitch Perception', 'Prosthesis Fitting', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sound Localization', 'Speech Perception', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,447,765
|
[['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['A08.612.220.110'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E04.580.450.220', 'E04.650.220'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.200', 'E02.831.200', 'H02.403.680.600.500', 'N02.421.784.377'], ['F01.470'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['C09.218.458.341.812', 'C10.597.751.418.341.812', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['M01.150.750'], ['F02.463.593.071.700', 'G07.888.125.700'], ['E02.794'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F02.463.593.071.869', 'G07.888.125.869'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Four-year follow-up of women who were diagnosed to have postpartum urinary retention.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term prevalence of urinary incontinence in women with postpartum urinary retention.STUDY DESIGN: A telephone interview was conducted by contacting a cohort of 691 women who delivered vaginally 4 years ago, of which 101 women had been diagnosed as having postpartum urinary retention. A structured telephone interview consisted of 9 questions on the possible outcomes of postpartum urinary retention.RESULTS: Of the original cohort of 691 women, 394 women were contacted. Seventy-three women had had postpartum urinary retention, and 321 women had not. In women who had had postpartum urinary retention, the prevalence of the outcome variables were urinary stress incontinence (28.8%), fecal incontinence (2.7%), frequency (39.1%), nocturia (65.2%), urgency (26.1%), urge incontinence (26.1%), and coital incontinence (13%). Analyses showed that there was no significant difference between women with and without urinary retention.CONCLUSION: Women who had had postpartum urinary retention did not have a higher prevalence of urinary stress incontinence.
|
['Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Prevalence', 'Puerperal Disorders', 'Time Factors', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress', 'Urinary Retention']
| 12,237,642
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C13.703.844'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Intraventricular pressure gradients in heart failure.
|
The aim of the present study was to characterize intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) in an animal model of chronic heart failure. New Zealand rabbits were treated with doxorubicin (heart failure group, n=5) or saline (control group, n=5) and instrumented with pressure catheters placed in the apex and outflow-tract of left ventricle (LV) and with sonomicrometer crystals placed in the apex and base of the LV free wall. In heart failure animals, ventricular filling was delayed and slower when compared with control animals. Moreover, the physiological nonuniformity observed between apical and basal segments in normal hearts was abolished in failing hearts. Simultaneously, physiological IVPGs observed during normal ventricular filling were entirely lost in heart failure animals. During ventricular emptying physiological nonuniformity between apical and basal segments observed in control animals was also abolished in heart failure animals. In failing hearts minimal length occurred later and almost at same time both in apical and in basal myocardial segments. Simultaneously, the characteristic IVPG pattern observed in healthy hearts during systole, which promotes ventricular emptying, was not observed in failing hearts. The present study showed that diastolic IVPGs, a marker of normal ventricular filling, and systolic IVPGs, a marker of normal ventricular emptying, are abolished in heart failure.
|
['Animals', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diastole', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Doxorubicin', 'Heart Failure', 'Rabbits', 'Systole', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Pressure']
| 24,020,813
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C14.280.945.900'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['G09.330.380.937', 'G09.330.955.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Being victims or beneficiaries? Perspectives on female genital cutting and reinfibulation in Sudan.
|
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or the more value neutral term, Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is widely practised in northern Sudan, where around 90% of women undergo the most extensive form of FGC, infibulation. One new approach to combating FGC in Sudan is to acknowledge the previously hidden form of FGC, reinfibulation (RI) after delivery, when the woman is sewn back so much as to mimic virginity. Based on a qualitative study in Khartoum State, this article explores Sudanese women's and men's perceptions and experiences of FGC with emphasis on RI after delivery. The results showed that both genders blame each other for the continuation of the practices, and the comprehensive understanding of the perceptions and experiences was that both the women and the men in this study were victims of th e consequences of FGC and RI. The female narratives could be understood in the three categories: viewing oneself as being "normal" in having undergone FGC and RI; being caught between different perspectives; and having limited influence on the practices of FGC and RI. The male narratives could be understood in the three categories: suffering from the consequences of FGC and RI, trying to counterbalance the negative sexual effects of FGC and striving in vain to change female traditions. The results indicate that the complexity of the persistence of FGC and RI goes far beyond being explained by subconscious patriarchal and maternalistic actions, related to socially constructed concepts of normality, female identity,tradition and religion a"silent" culture betweenmen and women.
|
['Circumcision, Female', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Perception', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sudan', "Women's Health"]
| 17,217,115
|
[['E02.218.085.165', 'E04.085.165', 'E04.950.300.200', 'I01.076.201.450.199'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.802'], ['Z01.058.290.120.760'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Contortrostatin, a homodimeric disintegrin, binds to integrin alphavbeta5.
|
Contortrostatin is a homodimeric disintegrin from snake venom. We have shown that contortrostatin binds to integrins alphaIIbbeta3, alpha5beta1, and alphavbeta3. We now use several criteria to demonstrate the binding of contortrostatin to alphavbeta5. First, incubation of T24 cells, which express alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, with antibody against alphavbeta3 failed to completely inhibit adhesion of cells to vitronectin. However, pretreatment of the cells with contortrostatin or the combination of antibodies against alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 completely blocked adhesion to vitronectin. By contrast, either anti-alphavbeta5 alone or contortrostatin blocked adhesion of an alphavbeta3-negative T24 subline. Second, contortrostatin as well as anti-alphavbeta5 inhibits invasion of OVCAR-5, which express only alphavbeta5. Third, contortrostatin binds to purified alphavbeta5 in a saturable manner. Finally, radioligand binding assays yielded a K(d) value of 24 nM for [(125)I]contortrostatin binding to alphavbeta5. This investigation identifies alphavbeta5 as a binding site for contortrostatin. Blockage of alphavbeta5 by contortrostatin inhibits alphavbeta5-mediated adhesion and invasion.
|
['Agkistrodon', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Dimerization', 'Disintegrins', 'Humans', 'Integrins', 'Kinetics', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Receptors, Vitronectin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Viper Venoms']
| 10,623,623
|
[['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.937.240.250'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.022'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['D12.644.138'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.870'], ['A11.251.860'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['D20.888.850.960', 'D23.946.833.850.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adverse obstetric outcomes at term after hysteroscopic metroplasty.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate obstetrical complications at term after hysteroscopic metroplasty for septate uterus.DESIGN: A retrospective comparative study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).SETTING: La Conception Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marseille, France.PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Thirty-one women who had a term pregnancy from January 1996 through December 2004 after hysteroscopic metroplasty for septate uterus (group A) were studied retrospectively. A control group (group B) of 62 women was selected from the same database who had term pregnancies and no history of hysteroscopic metroplasty.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Obstetric complications at term and neonatal outcomes after hysteroscopic metroplasty were compared between 2 groups. The rate of fetal malpresentation was significantly higher in group A versus group B (11/31 [35.5%] vs 0/62, p < .001). Mean birth weight was significantly lower in group A versus group B (2940 g +/- 52 vs 3266 g +/- 456, p =.002). The rate of caesarean section was significantly higher in group A versus group B (19/31 [61.3%] vs 4/62 [6.4%], p < .001).CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that patients with a previous hysteroscopic metroplasty for septate uterus are at increased risk for fetal malpresentation at term, low birth weight infants, and delivery by caesarean section and should therefore be informed of these risks before delivery.
|
['Adult', 'Breech Presentation', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Gynecologic Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Uterus', 'Young Adult']
| 19,573,822
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C13.703.420.183', 'G08.686.520.150', 'G08.686.784.769.326.520.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E04.950.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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