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Characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus 38 kDa m137 gene product.
|
Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) m137 null mutants, Deltam137A and Deltam137B, were generated by inserting a gpt cassette into a deleted region of the open reading frame. A polyclonal antiserum produced to an Escherichia coli expressed gst-m137 fusion protein was used to show that a 38 kDa polypeptide corresponding to the predicted m137 gene product was present in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts infected with wild-type MCMV but was not detected in Deltam137 infected cells. The protein did not fractionate with infected cell membranes and was not detectable in purified wild-type virions. Plaque size, plaque morphology, and viral yield did not differ significantly between Deltam137 and wild-type MCMV infected 3T3 fibroblasts. The results showed that deletion of the 38 kDa protein did not negatively effect viral growth in 3T3 fibroblasts indicating that the m137 gene product is not essential for replication in these cells. In vivo analysis revealed that two independently isolated m137 mutants showed a significant delay in time until death but ultimately killed 100% of the mice in a SCID mouse model of virulence.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Muromegalovirus', 'Mutagenesis', 'Viral Plaque Assay', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 11,900,850
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['B04.280.382.150.500'], ['G05.558'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
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[Pharmacoproteomic approach by quantitative targeted proteomics].
|
Omics analyses provided many candidates for drug targets and biomarkers. However, these analyses have not contributed to drug development efficiently because of top-down omics analyses. To solve this problem, we have recently developed quantitative targeted proteomics with multiplexed-multiple reaction monitoring (multiplexed-MRM) method, which enables us to perform bottom-up proteomics. In this method, the target proteins for quantification are selected prior to analysis based on the knowledge related to interesting phenomena. Target peptides for quantification are selected only from sequence information, so time-consuming procedures such as antibody preparation and protein purification are unnecessary. In this review, we introduce the technical features of multiplexed-MRM method as novel protein quantification method, and summarize its advantages with reference to recently reported results, including species differences, in vitro-to-in vivo reconstruction and personalized chemotherapy. This novel simultaneous protein quantification method overcomes problems of antibody-based quantification and would open new drug research based of protein as "Pharmacoproteomics".
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Drug Design', 'Drug Discovery', 'Humans', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Peptides', 'Precision Medicine', 'Proteomics', 'Species Specificity']
| 22,465,926
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.574'], ['D12.644'], ['E02.782', 'H02.403.200.700'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
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|
Susceptibility of microbial cells to the modified PIP2
|
BACKGROUND: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are characterized by unique physicochemical and biological properties that allow their employment as highly biocompatible drug carriers. Gelsolin (GSN) is a multifunctional actin-binding protein involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and free circulating actin sequestering. It was reported that a gelsolin derived phosphoinositide binding domain GSN 160-169, (PBP10 peptide) coupled with rhodamine B, exerts strong bactericidal activity.RESULTS: In this study, we synthesized a new antibacterial and antifungal nanosystem composed of MNPs and a PBP10 peptide attached to the surface. The physicochemical properties of these nanosystems were analyzed by spectroscopy, calorimetry, electron microscopy, and X-ray studies. Using luminescence based techniques and a standard killing assay against representative strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Xen 30) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen 5) bacteria and against fungal cells (Candida spp.) we demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles significantly enhance the effect of PBP10 peptides through a membrane-based mode of action, involving attachment and interaction with cell wall components, disruption of microbial membrane and increased uptake of peptide. Our results also indicate that treatment of both planktonic and biofilm forms of pathogens by PBP10-based nanosystems is more effective than therapy with either of these agents alone.CONCLUSIONS: The results show that magnetic nanoparticles enhance the antimicrobial activity of the phosphoinositide-binding domain of gelsolin, modulate its mode of action and strengthen the idea of its employment for developing the new treatment methods of infections.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Biofilms', 'Candida', 'Cell Membrane', 'Gelsolin', 'Gold', 'Magnetite Nanoparticles', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Nanoshells', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Plankton', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Rhodamines']
| 31,286,976
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D05.750.078.730.350', 'D12.644.360.372.437', 'D12.776.157.125.412.437', 'D12.776.220.525.350', 'D12.776.476.387.437'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['J01.637.512.600.500.144.500'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['J01.637.512.600.500.575'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B05.080.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D03.633.300.953.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
The questionable utility of mandatory screening for the human immunodeficiency virus.
|
Trauma patients have been identified as a high-risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly those patients with penetrating injuries from urban violence. We prospectively evaluated more than 2,000 trauma patients for HIV infection at our ACS-certified trauma center and report the results. Between September 1987 and December 1991, 2,004 patients were admitted to our trauma unit. All patients underwent HIV antibody assay by protocol. Three patients had positive test results, and all were confirmed as true positives. Two patients were known at the time of their trauma to be HIV positive, and the third had engaged in high-risk behavior. No health care worker reported inoculation with or mucosal exposure to HIV from any of these patients. In our trauma unit, the prevalence of HIV infection was only 0.15%. More than $74,000 was spent on screening without demonstrable benefit to the patients or increased protection for the trauma team. Routine testing of patients for HIV can be justified to establish epidemiologic parameters and in the case of high-risk groups, but it is not cost-effective in low-risk groups. Persistent testing of populations at low risk is a futile expenditure of precious health care dollars and is of questionable utility.
|
['AIDS Serodiagnosis', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Kansas', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 8,273,848
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.060', 'E01.370.225.875.408.500', 'E05.200.812.735.060', 'E05.200.875.408.500', 'E05.478.594.760.060'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E01.370.395'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.390'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Remodelling of Ca2+ handling organelles in adult rat ventricular myocytes during long term culture.
|
It is well known that for cardiomyocytes, isolation and culturing induce largely unknown remodelling processes. We analysed changes in the structure of cell compartments with optical techniques such as confocal microscopy and fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching employing adenoviral-mediated transduction of targeted fluorescent proteins and small molecule dyes. We identified characteristic remodelling processes: the T-tubular membrane system was gradually lost by a process referred to as "sequential pinching off", in an outward direction. Mitochondria fell in one of three classes, very small (0.9 microm length), medium long (1.8 microm) or extended shape (3.6 microm) organelles. Over the culturing time mitochondria gradually fused. Bleaching of individual mitochondria revealed association between apparently separated mitochondria by "tunnelling" via sub-resolution organelle-tubes. This tunnelling process was increasing over the culturing time. A gradual loss of the cross-striation arrangement in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum was visualised. Analysis of large populations of Ca(2+) sparks by video-rate confocal 2D-scanning revealed significant albeit small changes of these elementary SR-Ca(2+) release events in adult cardiomyocytes that could be related to changes in SR-Ca(2+) content rather than resting Ca(2+) concentration. In conclusion, primary isolated cardiomyocytes from adult hearts undergo a well-defined, but reproducible subcellular remodelling during optimised long term culture.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Organelles', 'Rats']
| 20,540,947
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A07.541.560'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole for treatment of ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs.
|
4-Methylpyrazole (4-MP), an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, was administered to dogs to treat ethylene glycol (EG) intoxication. Eleven dogs were given 10.6 g of EG/kg of body weight; 5 dogs were treated with 4-MP 5 hours after EG ingestion and 6 dogs were treated with 4-MP 8 hours after EG ingestion. 4-Methylpyrazole was administered IV as a 50-mg/ml [corrected] solution in 50% polyethylene glycol: initial dose, 20 mg/kg; at 12 hours after initial dose, 15 mg/kg; at 24 hours after initial dose, 10 mg/kg; and at 30 hours after initial dose, 5 mg/kg. Physical, biochemical, hematologic, blood gas, serum and urine EG concentrations, and urinalysis findings were evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, and at 1 week and 2 weeks after EG ingestion. Dogs of both groups developed clinicopathologic signs associated with EG intoxication, including CNS depression, hyperosmolality, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, polydipsia, polyuria, calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate crystalluria, and isosthenuria. Fractional excretion of sodium was increased in all dogs between 1 and 9 hours after EG ingestion, but remained increased beyond 24 hours only in the 2 dogs treated at 8 hours after EG ingestion that developed acute renal failure. All dogs treated 5 hours after EG ingestion recovered without morphologic, biochemical, or clinical evidence of renal impairment. Of the 6 dogs treated 8 hours after EG ingestion, 2 developed acute renal failure. One of the dogs treated 8 hours after EG ingestion remained isosthenuric for 2 months, but did not manifest any other signs of renal impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Ethylene Glycol', 'Ethylene Glycols', 'Female', 'Fomepizole', 'Male', 'Pyrazoles', 'Time Factors']
| 7,887,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.033.455.250.268'], ['D02.033.455.250'], ['D03.383.129.539.344'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Establishment of an indocyanine green test using an automatic chemistry analyzer.
|
The indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test has been used to assess the reserve of hepatic function. This method is based on the spectrometric measurement of its plasma concentration at maximum wavelength of 805 nm, which requires a spectrophotometer and associated maintenance. We established an ICG clearance test using a Toshiba 200FR automatic chemistry analyzer that can be tuned to a wavelength of approximately 805 nm. Five pooled sera spiked from 0 to 4.0 mg/dL were analyzed for linearity test and precision was determined at five levels in the range 0.1-2.0 mg/dL. The ICG retention rate at 15 min (R15) was determined for 38 patients using a conventional method and our method. The ICG clearance test using the automatic chemistry analyzer showed good linearity, and precision ranged from 0.3% to 1.0% for within-run CVs and from 0.6% to 4.7% for total CVs. The degree of agreement between the two methods was also acceptable (mean difference of 1.5%). It is expected that the ICG test using the automatic chemistry analyzer can replace the conventional ICG clearance test, considering the excellent agreement, good precision and linearity over a clinically relevant range.
|
['Autoanalysis', 'Chemistry, Clinical', 'Coloring Agents', 'Humans', 'Indocyanine Green', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 16,475,907
|
[['E05.059'], ['H01.181.341'], ['D27.720.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.400'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Eculizumab effect on the hemostatic state in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by a hypercoagulable state associated with acute hemolysis. Eculizumab is used to reduce the intensity of intravascular hemolysis in PNH patients. The hemostatic status of three patients with PNH was assessed during eculizumab treatment by D-dimer assay and the global assays: thromboelastography (TEG), thrombin generation test (TG?), and thrombodynamics (TD). In the state of hemolytic crisis before the therapy D-dimer concentration was increased in two patients accompanied by hypercoagulation changes in TEG parameter angle (á). TD parameter the clot growth velocity (V) revealed hypercoagulability while TGT parameter ETP was within the normal range in all patients. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased during the 8months of eculizumab therapy. The physical health was improved, the frequency of hemolytic crisis decreased. Patients periodically exhibited hypercoagulable state: the mean values á=38±11° (with normal range 20-40°), ETP=1311±442nM·min (with normal range 800-1560nM·min), V=31±4ìm/min (with normal range 20-29ìm/min). During the eculizumab therapy two patients had the repeated clinical manifestation of acute hemolytic crisis, the parameters of the global tests were increased compared to the previous measurement. The global hemostasis tests TEG, TGT and TD revealed hypercoagulability in patients with PNH during eculizumab therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Female', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal', 'Hemolysis', 'Hemostatics', 'Humans', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Male', 'Thrombelastography']
| 25,497,169
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['D12.776.124.270.300', 'D12.776.811.300.290'], ['C15.378.071.141.560', 'C15.378.190.625.460'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['D27.505.954.502.270.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.830', 'E05.200.625.115.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the CRP-cAMP-DNA (full length) complex.
|
The Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is a well known transcription activator protein. In this study, CRP was overexpressed, purified and cocrystallized with cAMP and a 38 bp full-length double-stranded DNA fragment. The full-length segment differed from the half-site fragments used in previous crystallization experiments and is more similar to the environment in vivo. CRP-cAMP-DNA crystals were obtained and diffracted to 2.9 ? resolution. The crystals belonged to space group P3121, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 76.03, c = 144.00 ?. The asymmetric unit was found to contain one protein molecule and half a 38 bp full-length double-stranded DNA fragment, with a Matthews coefficient of 2.62 ?(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 53.14%.
|
['Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins']
| 23,695,578
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D12.776.930.165'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Esophageal Carcinoma: Applications and Limitations.
|
Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma represent approximately 98% of esophageal malignant tumors. During the last 30 years, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased in Western countries (including the USA) where adenocarcinoma currently represents more than 60% of esophageal malignancies, although, worldwide, squamous cell carcinoma continues to be the predominant histologic type. Integrated positron emission tomography or computed tomography with 2-[fluorine18] fluro-2-deoxy-d-glucose is used in many institutions routinely as a tool in the initial staging and then repeated after therapy for the assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy and detection of recurrent disease in patients with esophageal carcinoma. As with any other imaging modality, 2-[fluorine18] fluro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography or computed tomography has strengths and limitations that should be understood in order to maximize its utility.
|
['Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography']
| 29,179,897
|
[['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variants are related to smoking habits, but not directly to COPD.
|
Genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) cluster as a risk factor for nicotine dependency and COPD. We investigated whether SNPs in the nAChR cluster are associated with smoking habits and lung function decline, and if these potential associations are independent of each other. The SNPs rs569207, rs1051730 and rs8034191 in the nAChR cluster were analyzed in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort (n = 1,390) that was followed for 25 years. We used GEE and LME models to analyze the associations of the SNPs with quitting or restarting smoking and with the annual FEV(1) decline respectively. Individuals homozygote (CC) for rs569207 were more likely to quit smoking (OR (95%CI) = 1.58 (1.05-2.38)) compared to wild-type (TT) individuals. Individuals homozygote (TT) for rs1051730 were less likely to quit smoking (0.64 (0.42; 0.97)) compared to wild-type (CC) individuals. None of the SNPs was significantly associated with the annual FEV(1) decline in smokers and ex-smokers. We show that SNPs in the nAChR region are associated with smoking habits such as quitting smoking, but have no significant effect on the annual FEV(1) decline in smokers and ex-smokers, suggesting a potential role of these SNPs in COPD development via smoking habits rather than via direct effects on lung function.
|
['Adult', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multigene Family', 'Netherlands', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Tobacco Use Disorder']
| 22,438,921
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.365'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[An Experience Providing Hospice Care to a Terminal Cancer Patient].
|
This study discusses a case in which corneal-donation care was provided to a 57-year-old patient with terminal salivary gland cancer. Nursing care was provided from June 1 to June 28, 2017. The overall nursing assessment (covering physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects) confirmed that the three main issues faced by the patient were chronic pain, dysfunctional family processes, and spiritual disturbances. Effective pain treatment was applied during the care process in order to stabilize the patient's physical condition. A hospice shared care team then worked together to help the patient mend his relationships with family members, fulfill his wish to donate his cornea, find meaning in his life, affirm his contribution to his family and society, and die a peaceful death. With regard to clinical practice, an explanation of corneal donation should be included in the conventional educational guidelines for hospice care. In addition to referrals to the relevant medical teams, it is recommended that nursing personnel who deal with patients like this participate in organ donation courses and develop positive attitudes and grief counseling skills. These actions will enable them to build up the professionalism, confidence, patience, and organ procurement-related skills required for the provision of care to these patients, which will in turn lead to better-quality palliative care. It is hoped that the nursing experience shared herein provides nursing personnel with a reference for palliative cancer care.
|
['Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Terminal Care', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement']
| 30,276,778
|
[['H02.478.676.350', 'N02.421.533.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['E02.760.905', 'N02.421.585.905'], ['N02.421.911']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Parallel instabilities of long-term potentiation, place cells, and learning caused by decreased protein kinase A activity.
|
To further elucidate the links among synaptic plasticity, hippocampal place cells, and spatial memory, place cells were recorded from wild-type mice and transgenic "R(AB)" mice with reduced forebrain protein kinase A (PKA) activity after introduction into a novel environment. Place cells in both strains were similar during the first exposure and were equally stable for recording sessions separated by 1 hr. Place cell stability in wild-type mice was unchanged for sessions separated by 24 hr but was reduced in R(AB) mice over the longer interval. This stability pattern parallels both the reduced late-phase long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices from R(AB) mice and the amnesia for context fear conditioning seen in R(AB) mice 24 but not 1 hr after training. The similar time courses of synaptic, network, and behavioral instability suggest that the genetic reduction of PKA activity is responsible for the defects at each level and support the idea that hippocampal synaptic plasticity is important in spatial memory.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Appetitive Behavior', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Hippocampus', 'Learning', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Memory', 'Mice', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Space Perception', 'Spatial Behavior']
| 11,050,131
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.111'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['F01.145.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Robust smoothness estimation in statistical parametric maps using standardized residuals from the general linear model.
|
The assessment of significant activations in functional imaging using voxel-based methods often relies on results derived from the theory of Gaussian random fields. These results solve the multiple comparison problem and assume that the spatial correlation or smoothness of the data is known or can be estimated. End results (i. e., P values associated with local maxima, clusters, or sets of clusters) critically depend on this assessment, which should be as exact and as reliable as possible. In some earlier implementations of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) (SPM94, SPM95) the smoothness was assessed on Gaussianized t-fields (Gt-f) that are not generally free of physiological signal. This technique has two limitations. First, the estimation is not stable (the variance of the estimator being far from negligible) and, second, physiological signal in the Gt-f will bias the estimation. In this paper, we describe an estimation method that overcomes these drawbacks. The new approach involves estimating the smoothness of standardized residual fields which approximates the smoothness of the component fields of the associated t-field. Knowing the smoothness of these component fields is important because it allows one to compute corrected P values for statistical fields other than the t-field or the Gt-f (e.g., the F-map) and eschews bias due to deviation from the null hypothesis. We validate the method on simulated data and demonstrate it using data from a functional MRI study.
|
['Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Models, Neurological']
| 10,600,421
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.599.395.642']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The 5-HT₆ serotonin receptor antagonist SB-271046 attenuates the development and expression of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitisation in Wistar rats.
|
5-HT(6) receptors are almost exclusively expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in areas relevant for addictive behaviour. Based on this, together with other data, this receptor may be a viable target for the control of drug abuse. The present study tested the ability of the 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-271046 to attenuate the development and expression of nicotine-induced behavioural sensitisation. Rats were habituated to the test apparatus prior to experimentation (day 0) and locomotor activity recorded. On days 1 and 5, animals were placed in locomotor test apparatus and after 30 min injected with SB-271046 (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally IP) or vehicle. Thirty minutes later, nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously SC) or saline were administered and activity recorded for 60 min. On days 2, 3 and 4 treatments were performed in the home cage. After 17 days of withdrawal (day 23), a challenge test was performed with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg SC) or saline. In a separate experiment of similar design the effects of SB-271046 (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg IP) was tested for its ability to reduce the expression of behavioural sensitisation (day 23). SB-271046 dose dependently reduced the development and expression of nicotine sensitisation vs respective controls. In conclusion, the 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-271046 reduced both the development and expression of nicotine sensitisation, suggesting that the 5-HT(6) receptor may be a viable target for the control of nicotine abuse. Further studies are warranted to substantiate this conclusion and further understand the role of 5-HT(6) receptors in addiction.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Nicotine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Sulfonamides', 'Thiophenes', 'Time Factors']
| 21,329,711
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pattern of injuries among children and adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a household survey.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and pattern of injuries among children and adolescents <18 years old in Riyadh city and to identify associated factors.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional household survey included children and adolescents <18 years. A two-stage cluster sample was used to recruit the participants from thirty clusters each consisted OF 23 households. A questionnaire was used for data collection by interview.RESULTS: The study included 1650 children and adolescents. Of them, 22.2% reported having had injuries in the previous 12 months. The most common injuries were falls (40.4%), Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) (15%), food intoxication (8.8%). Males were more affected by injuries than females (26% vs. 18%). Males living near playgrounds or public gardens, playing in the street are independent risk factors for occurrence of both falls and RTA injuries.RECOMMENDATIONS: school safety education and environmental modification should be applied in Riyadh.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Accidents, Traffic', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Foodborne Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Sex Distribution', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 20,724,436
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C25.723.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C26']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of areca nut-related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells.
|
Because betel quid chewing has been linked to the development of oral cancer, pathobiological effects of an aqueous areca nut extract, four areca nut alkaloids (arecoline, guvacoline, guvacine, and arecaidine), and four nitrosated derivatives [N-nitrosoguvacoline, N-nitrosoguvacine, 3-(N-nitrosomethylamino)propionaldehyde and 3-(N-nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile] have been investigated using cultured human buccal epithelial cells. Areca nut extract in a dose-dependent manner decreases cell survival, vital dye accumulation, and membrane integrity, and it causes formation of both DNA single strand breaks and DNA protein cross-links. Depletion of cellular free low-molecular-weight thiols also occurs, albeit at quite toxic concentrations. Comparisons of the areca nut-related N-nitroso compounds and their precursor alkaloids, at concentrations up to 5 mM, indicate that 3-(N-nitrosomethylamino)propionaldehyde is the most potent on a molar basis to decrease both survival and thiol content and to cause significant formation of DNA single strand breaks. Arecoline, guvacoline, or N-nitrosoguvacoline decreases survival and cellular thiols, whereas arecaidine, guvacine, N-nitrosoguvacine, and 3-(N-nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile have only minor effects on these variables. Taken together, the present studies indicate that aqueous extract and, in particular, one N-nitroso compound related to areca nut, i.e., 3-(N-nitrosomethylamino)propionaldehyde, are highly cytotoxic and genotoxic to cultured human buccal epithelial cells, of potential importance in the induction of tumors in betel quid chewers.
|
['Arecoline', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'DNA Damage', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Nitroso Compounds']
| 2,766,297
|
[['D03.066.515.292', 'D03.132.080', 'D03.383.725.547.292'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['G05.200'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['D02.654']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Training simulation for helicopter navigation by characterizing visual scan patterns.
|
INTRODUCTION: Helicopter overland navigation is a cognitively complex task that requires continuous monitoring of system and environment parameters and years of training. This study investigated potential improvements to training simulation by analyzing the influences of flight expertise on visual scan patterns.METHODS: There were 12 military officers who varied in flight expertise as defined by total flight hours who participated in overland navigation tasks. Their gaze parameters were tracked via two eye tracking systems while subjects were looking at out-the-window (OTW) and topographic Map views in a fixed based helicopter simulator.RESULTS: Flight performance measures were not predicted by the expertise level of pilots. However, gaze parameters and scan management skills were predicted by the expertise level. For every additional 1000 flight hours, on average, the model predicted the median dwell will decrease 28 ms and the number of view changes will increase 33 times. However, more experienced pilots scanned more OTW than novice pilots, which was contrary to our expectation. A visualization tool (FEST: Flight and Eye Scan visualization Tool) to replay navigation tasks and corresponding gaze data was developed. Qualitative analysis from FEST revealed visual scan patterns of expert pilots not only looking ahead on the map, but also revisiting areas on the map they just flew over to retain confidence in their orientation.DISCUSSION: Based on the analysis provided above, this work demonstrates that neurophysiological markers, such as eye movements, can be used to indicate the aspects of a trainee's cognitive state that are useful for cuing an instructional system.
|
['Adult', 'Aerospace Medicine', 'Aircraft', 'Cognition', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orientation', 'Professional Competence', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 21,888,270
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['H02.403.029'], ['J01.937.285.100'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['I02.399.630'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adenosine triphosphate-induced oxygen radical production and CD11b up-regulation: Ca(++) mobilization and actin reorganization in human eosinophils.
|
Eosinophils are major effector cells in cellular inflammatory conditions such as parasitic infections, atopic diseases, bullous dermatoses, and vasculitis. Biological activities of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were characterized in human eosinophils and compared with those of other eosinophil activators such as complement fragment product C5a, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and eotaxin. ATP initiated production of reactive oxygen metabolites, as demonstrated by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Furthermore, ATP caused up-regulation of the integrin CD11b. In addition, fluorescence microscope measurements labeled with fura-2 (1-[2-(5-carboxy-oxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxy]-2-(2' -amino-5' -methyl-phenoxy)-ethane-N, N, N, N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxymethyl ester) eosinophils in the presence or absence of ethyleneglycotetraacetic acid (EGTA) indicated that there was Ca(++) mobilization from intracellular stores by ATP. Flow cytometric studies showed transient actin polymerization upon stimulation with ATP and its stable analogues adenosine 5'-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) and 2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate tetrasodium (met-ATP). The reactions induced by ATP were comparable to those obtained by C5a, PAF, and eotaxin. Production of reactive oxygen metabolites and actin polymerization after stimulation with ATP was inhibited by pertussis toxin, which indicated involvement of receptor-coupled guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G(i) proteins). In addition, experiments with oxidized ATP also suggest involvement of P2X receptors in this activation process. The results show that ATP is a strong activator of eosinophils and has biological activity comparable to those of the eosinophil chemotaxins C5a, PAF, and eotaxin. The findings strongly suggest a role of ATP in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation as an activator of proinflammatory effector functions.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actins', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Chemokine CCL11', 'Chemokines, CC', 'Complement C5a', 'Cytokines', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Eosinophils', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Free Radicals', 'Fura-2', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Macrophage-1 Antigen', 'Pertussis Toxin', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2', 'Respiratory Burst', 'Thionucleotides', 'Up-Regulation', 'Virulence Factors, Bordetella']
| 10,648,411
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.550', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.550', 'D23.125.300.110.550', 'D23.469.200.110.550', 'D23.529.374.200.110.550'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110', 'D23.125.300.110', 'D23.469.200.110', 'D23.529.374.200.110'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.270', 'D12.776.124.486.274.450.250'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D03.383.129.462.285', 'D03.633.100.127.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.495.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.500'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.680', 'D23.946.123.946.690', 'D23.946.896.980.690'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.720', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720'], ['G03.197.620', 'G04.270.620'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D23.946.123.946', 'D23.946.896.980']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Study monitoring: a useful tool for quality health research].
|
As well as protecting the rights of participants, a study's ethics must encompass the quality of its execution. As such, international standards have been established for studies involving human subjects. The objective of this review is to evaluate the usefulness of the Guide to Good Clinical Practice and "study monitoring" as tools useful to producing quality research. The Guide provides scientific ethics and quality standards for designing, conducting, registering, and notifying studies involving human subjects. By implementing specific processes and procedures, study monitoring seeks to ensure that research is followed and evaluated from inception, through execution and closure, thus producing studies with high quality standards.
|
['Biomedical Research', 'Health', 'Humans', 'Quality Control']
| 19,695,138
|
[['H01.770.644.145'], ['N01.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.608']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy and hepatitis B surface antigen.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and our experience of treating patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA nephropathy with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-IgAN).METHODS: From 1996 to 2011, biopsy-proven IgAN was diagnosed in 477 patients and 22 (4.6%) had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Of these, we included 360 patients who had more than 6-month follow-up period, and compared clinical characteristics and renal function decline between the patients with IgAN and HBs-IgAN.RESULTS: Of 360 patients, 22 were classified as HBs-IgAN. There were no differences in the clinical characteristics and renal function decline between idiopathic IgAN and HBs-IgAN (-0.01 vs. -0.17 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)/month, p = 0.319). Of 22 patients with HBs-IgAN, nine had hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication marker (RM), of which six were treated with anti-viral agents. However, there were no differences in renal function decline and urinary protein excretion between patients who did or did not receive anti-viral therapy. Five patients with HBs-IgAN received corticosteroid therapy. Of these, three without HBV RM and one with HBV RM who received entecavir did not exhibit active viral replication, whereas the other patients with HBV RM experienced viral replication after lamivudine was discontinued.CONCLUSION: There were no differences in the clinical characteristics and prognosis between the patients with IgAN and HBs-IgAN. Further, there were no differences in renal function decline and urinary protein excretion between patients with and without anti-viral therapy. Anti-viral therapy may be considered for treating patients with HBs-IgAN receiving immunosuppressants according to HBV RM.
|
['Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Glomerulonephritis, IGA', 'Guanine', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 23,506,536
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.608', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.608', 'C20.111.525'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Activity-dependent variations in conduction velocity of C fibers of rat sciatic nerve.
|
Changes in the conduction velocity and subsequent conduction block were characterized following impulse activity in single C fibers of rat sciatic nerves. C fibers which had the same resting conduction velocities often exhibited quite different profiles of the activity-dependent latency change and/or conduction block following impulses. The results imply underlying variation among C fibers in the activity-dependent excitability changes, especially in the build-up and recovery of the hypoexcitable phases.
|
['Animals', 'Electrophysiology', 'Male', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Neural Conduction', 'Rats', 'Reaction Time', 'Sciatic Nerve']
| 8,090,372
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Renal dysplasia combined with ureter duplex and vesica duplex (author's transl)].
|
A case of a 29-year-old man with left renal dysplasia, ureter duplex and vesica duplex is presented. Clinical aspects, therapy and pathogenesis are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Ureter', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urogenital System']
| 7,404,899
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.776'], ['A05.810.890'], ['A05']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
MTOC formation during mitotic exit in fission yeast.
|
Microtubules polymerise from nucleation templates containing gamma tubulin. These templates are generally concentrated in discrete structures called microtubule organising centres (MTOCs). In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an equatorial MTOC (EMTOC) forms mid-way through anaphase B and then disassembles during the final stages of cell separation. We show that the EMTOC was generated by recruiting gamma tubulin to the equatorial F-actin ring before it constricted to cleave the cell in two during cytokinesis. The EMTOC was not a continuous ring. It had a variable structure ranging from a horseshoe to a number of short bars. EMTOC integrity depended upon the integrity of the F-actin but not the microtubule cytoskeleton. EMTOC assembly required the activity of both the septation-inducing network (SIN) that regulates the onset of cytokinesis and the anaphase-promoting complex. Activation of the SIN in interphase cells induced F-actin ring formation and contraction and the synthesis of the primary septum but did not promote EMTOC assembly. In contrast, overproduction of the polo-like kinase, Plo1, which also induced multiple rounds of septation in interphase cells, induced EMTOC formation. Thus, the network governing EMTOC formation shared many of the regulatory elements that control cytokinesis but was more complex and revealed an additional function for Plo1 during mitotic exit.
|
['Actins', 'Anaphase', 'Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome', 'Cell Cycle', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Immune Sera', 'Ligases', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microtubule-Organizing Center', 'Microtubules', 'Mitosis', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Schizosaccharomyces', 'Spindle Apparatus', 'Tubulin', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes']
| 11,792,817
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.222', 'G04.144.220.220.781.050', 'G05.113.220.687.250', 'G05.113.220.781.050'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.092', 'D12.776.167.024'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['D08.811.464'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.585'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['B01.300.107.797', 'B01.300.930.720'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920'], ['D08.811.464.938']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and evaluation of novel macrocyclic antifungal peptides.
|
Echinocandins are a novel class of macrocyclic antifungal peptides that act by inhibiting the â-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase complex, which is not present in mammalian cells. Due to the large number of hydroxyl groups present in these complex macrocyclic lipopeptides, most structure-activity relationship studies have relied upon semisynthetic derivatives. In order to probe the influence of the cyclic peptide backbone on the antifungal activity we developed a successful strategy for the synthesis of novel echinocandins analogues by on-resin ring closing metathesis or disulfide formation. The specific minimum inhibitory activity of each mimic was determined against Candida albicans. Our results indicate that ring size is an important factor for antifungal activity.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Candida albicans', 'Echinocandins', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glucosyltransferases', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Structure', 'Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']
| 21,940,175
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['D12.644.641.311'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.197.500', 'J01.897.836.249.500'], ['E05.196.566.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is attachment transmitted across generations? The plot thickens.
|
Studies have demonstrated a strong relation between adult attachment security, using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and infant security, using the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). This suggests that a mother's representations of attachment may influence the development of her infant's attachment to her. This study both confirms and modifies that finding in a cohort of 47 first-time mothers and their infants. The AAIs were administered during the third trimester of pregnancy and the SSPs were performed when the infant was 14 months of age. The AAIs were classified using Crittenden's Dynamic-Maturational Model (DMM) and the SSPs using both the DMM and also Main and Solomon's ABC+D methods. There was a significant match of patterns for secure mothers and babies, but a tendency for inversion of insecure patterns of attachment, that is Type A mothers often had infants with a Type C pattern and vice versa. No significant relation was seen between the DMM adult and ABC+D infant patterns of attachment. A significant, but modest, association was found between the DMM and ABC+D infant SSP classifications. These findings may help guide treatment of insecure mother-infant dyads by individualizing interventions to include a focus on maternal representations of the infant and maternal responses to infant behavior.
|
['Adult', 'Child Abuse', 'Child of Impaired Parents', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Models, Psychological', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Object Attachment', 'Parenting', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Development', 'Personality Disorders', 'Personality Inventory', 'Pregnancy', 'Reactive Attachment Disorder', 'Temperament', 'Young Adult']
| 20,603,421
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['M01.106'], ['F01.393'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F02.739.794.624'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F04.513'], ['F01.752.747'], ['F03.675'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['F03.625.937'], ['F01.752.898'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Do grossly identifiable ganglia lie along the spinal accessory nerve? A gross and histologic study with potential neurosurgical significance.
|
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate further the anatomy of focal enlargements that have been observed along the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) as it courses within the posterior cranial fossa.METHODS: Dissection of the posterior cranial fossa was performed on 27 adult cadavers with attention to the SAN and any focal enlargements associated with it.RESULTS: Grossly, four specimens (14.8%) were found to have focal enlargements associated with the SAN within the posterior cranial fossa. These structures were in intimate contact with the dorsal aspect of the spinal portion of the SAN in all specimens and measured a mean diameter of 1.9 mm. One right-sided male specimen had two focal enlargements. All focal enlargements were found within 1 cm of the foramen magnum. Histologically, no ganglion or neuronal cells were identified within these focal enlargements in any specimen. These focal enlargements are best described as ectopic glial nests or heterotopias within the leptomeninges around the SAN.CONCLUSIONS: The focal enlargements located along the SAN should not be termed ganglia. These structures do not contain neural structures and should not be mistaken for pathology of the posterior fossa.
|
['Accessory Nerve', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cadaver', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Female', 'Foramen Magnum', 'Functional Laterality', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meninges', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Tissue Fixation']
| 22,120,387
|
[['A08.800.800.120.060'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.572.434'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.566'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.525'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of salivary amylase by black and green teas and their effects on the intraoral hydrolysis of starch.
|
Tea decoctions prepared from a number of black and green teas inhibited amylase in human saliva. Black teas gave higher levels of inhibition than green teas, and removal of tea tannins with gelatin led to the loss of inhibitory activity from all decoctions. Streptococcal amylase was similarly inhibited by tea decoctions. Fluoride was without effect on amylase. Since salivary amylase hydrolyzes food starch to low molecular weight fermentable carbohydrates, experiments were carried out to determine whether tea decoctions would interfere with the release of maltose in food particles that became entrapped on the dentition. Subjects consumed salted crackers and rinsed subsequently for 30 s with black or green tea decoctions, or water. Maltose release was reduced by up to about 70% after rinsing with the teas. Black tea decoction was significantly more effective than green tea, in agreement with the in vitro data. The observations supported the hypothesis that tea consumption can be effective in reducing the cariogenic potential of starch-containing foods such as crackers and cakes. Tea may reduce the tendency for these foods to serve as slow-release sources of fermentable carbohydrate.
|
['Adult', 'Amylases', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Carbohydrates', 'Cariostatic Agents', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Fermentation', 'Fluorides', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Male', 'Maltose', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth', 'Saliva', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Starch', 'Streptococcus mutans', 'Tannins', 'Tea']
| 9,577,990
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['D09'], ['D25.223', 'D27.505.696.706.222', 'D27.720.102.223', 'D27.720.799.113', 'J01.637.051.223'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D09.698.365.450', 'D09.698.629.305.523', 'D09.947.750.523'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520'], ['D05.750.078.937'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
What makes a leader?
|
Superb leaders have very different ways of directing a team, a division, or a company. Some are subdued and analytical; others are charismatic and go with their gut. And different situations call for different types of leadership. Most mergers need a sensitive negotiator at the helm, whereas many turnarounds require a more forceful kind of authority. Psychologist and noted author Daniel Goleman has found, however, that effective leaders are alike in one crucial way: they all have a high degree of what has come to be known as emotional intelligence. In fact, Goleman's research at nearly 200 large, global companies revealed that emotional intelligence--especially at the highest levels of a company--is the sine qua non for leadership. Without it, a person can have first-class training, an incisive mind, and an endless supply of good ideas, but he still won't make a great leader. The components of emotional intelligence--self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skill--can sound unbusinesslike. But exhibiting emotional intelligence at the workplace does not mean simply controlling your anger or getting along with people. Rather, it means understanding your own and other people's emotional makeup well enough to move people in the direction of accomplishing your company's goals. In this article, the author discusses each component of emotional intelligence and shows through examples how to recognize it in potential leaders, how and why it leads to measurable business results, and how it can be learned. It takes time and, most of all, commitment. But the benefits that come from having a well-developed emotional intelligence, both for the individual and the organization, make it worth the effort.
|
['Emotions', 'Health Facility Administrators', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Leadership', 'Motivation', 'Professional Competence', 'United States']
| 10,187,249
|
[['F01.470'], ['M01.526.070.490', 'M01.526.485.430', 'N02.360.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.543'], ['F01.752.609'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['I02.399.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Helicobacter hepaticus NikR controls urease and hydrogenase activities via the NikABDE and HH0418 putative nickel import proteins.
|
Helicobacter hepaticus open reading frame HH0352 was identified as a nickel-responsive regulator NikR. The gene was disrupted by insertion of an erythromycin resistance cassette. The H. hepaticus nikR mutant had five- to sixfold higher urease activity and at least twofold greater hydrogenase activity than the wild-type strain. However, the urease apo-protein levels were similar in both the wild-type and the mutant, suggesting the increase in urease activity in the mutant was due to enhanced Ni-maturation of the urease. Compared with the wild-type strain, the nikR strain had increased cytoplasmic nickel levels. Transcription of nikABDE (putative inner membrane Ni transport system) and hh0418 (putative outer membrane Ni transporter) was nickel- and NikR-repressed. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that purified HhNikR could bind to the nikABDE promoter (P(nikA)), but not to the urease or the hydrogenase promoter; NikR-P(nikA) binding was enhanced in the presence of nickel. Also, qRT-PCR and EMSAs indicated that neither nikR nor the exbB-exbD-tonB were under the control of the NikR regulator, in contrast with their Helicobacter pylori homologues. Taken together, our results suggest that HhNikR modulates urease and hydrogenase activities by repressing the nickel transport/nickel internalization systems in H. hepaticus, without direct regulation of the Ni-enzyme genes (the latter is the case for H. pylori). Finally, the nikR strain had a two- to threefold lower growth yield than the parent, suggesting that the regulatory protein might play additional roles in the mouse liver pathogen.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Helicobacter hepaticus', 'Hydrogenase', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Nickel', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Urease']
| 23,139,401
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.300'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['B03.440.500.362', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.410'], ['D08.811.682.400'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D08.811.277.087.902']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical and psychological characteristics of the initial cohort of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN).
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to describe clinical, cognitive, and personality characteristics at baseline assessment of 249 participants, 19 to 60 years of age, in a multinational longitudinal study of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD).METHOD: Participants (74% cognitively normal) were from ADAD families with mutations in 1 of 3 genes (APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2). Mixed model analyses, including family as a random variable and controlling for years from expected time of symptomatic onset of ADAD based on parental age at onset, compared 3 groups (cognitively normal mutation noncarriers, cognitively normal mutation carriers, very mildly impaired mutation carriers).RESULTS: Global cognitive deficits similar to those observed in late-life sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) existed in very mild ADAD compared with cognitively normal carriers and noncarriers on all but 2 measures (Digit Span Backward, Letter Fluency for FAS) of episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, attention, and speeded visuospatial abilities. Demented individuals were less extraverted, open, and conscientious than cognitively normal participants on the International Personality Item Pool. Differences in the relation between 3 measures (Logical Memory, Digit Symbol, attention switching) and time to expected age at symptomatic onset indicate that cognitive deficits on some measures can be detected in mutation carriers prior to symptomatic AD, and hence should be useful markers in subsequent longitudinal follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Overall cognitive and personality deficits in very mild ADAD are similar to those seen in sporadic AD. Cognitive deficits also occur in asymptomatic mutation carriers who are closer to the expected time of dementia onset.
|
['Adult', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Young Adult']
| 24,219,606
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['N01.400.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['F04.711.513'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Composite chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation containing osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, squamous metaplasia and associated collecting duct carcinoma: a case report.
|
BACKGROUND: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a morphologically distinct renal cell carcinoma type which may rarely show composite morphology.CASE: A 61-year-old man presented with a composite ChRCC with sarcomatoid transformation containing osteosarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous and squamous metaplastic differentiation and associated with a high-grade collecting duct carcinoma (CDC). The patient presented with a metastatic disease in the regional lymph nodes, comprised only of CDC, and died after 21 months.CONCLUSION: Although ChRCC associated with sarcomatoid change has been well documented, the presence of osteosarcoma has been previously reported in only 5 ChRCCs, 2 of which also contained chondrosarcoma. Squamous differentiation has been previously found in only 2 ChRCCs with sarcomatoid change, and ChRCC associated with CDC has been previously reported in only 3 cases, but none with heterologous elements. To our knowledge this represents a previously unreported composite type of RCC, with an aggressive clinical behavior.
|
['Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteosarcoma']
| 25,291,862
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['C04.557.450.565.280', 'C04.557.450.795.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Co-Occurrence and Unique Mental Health Effects of Political Violence and Intimate Partner Violence.
|
The global mental health ramifications of political violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are well established. There also exists a growing body of evidence about the increased risks for IPV within situations of political violence. Yet, except for a few studies, there is little literature that simultaneously examines how political violence and IPV might result in unique risks for particular types of mental health sequela. Delineating possible divergent patterns between specific mental health conditions resulting from political violence and IPV takes on an increased urgency given that, although they are related, the two most commonly reported outcomes of these two types of violence-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression-not only require different types of treatment, but may in fact be generated or maintained by disparate paths. Using survey data from adult women in Palestine ( n = 122), this study explores the relationships between IPV and political violence (both lifetime and past-month exposure) and tests their independent relationships to PTSD and depressive symptomology. After controlling for the other form of violence exposure, political violence was correlated with PTSD and not with depressive symptomology, while IPV was correlated with depressive symptomology and not with PTSD. Findings demonstrate that distinct forms of violence exposure might indeed be associated with specific mental health outcomes. Results illustrate the need to assess for both political violence and IPV when researching and designing interventions related to violence.
|
['Adult', 'Arabs', 'Depression', 'Exposure to Violence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intimate Partner Violence', 'Mental Health', 'Politics', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Violence', 'Young Adult']
| 26,400,490
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.754.167'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['I01.880.735.900.869'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.198.240.856.575', 'I01.880.735.900.688'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['I01.738'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Size, number and chemical composition of nanosized particles in drinking water determined by analytical microscopy and LIBD.
|
In this paper we comprehensively characterized particles in drinking water originating from a lake water source. We focused on particles smaller than a few hundred nm. Several analytical techniques were applied to obtain information on number concentration, size distribution, morphology and chemical composition of the particles. Morphological information was obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Two types of particles, spherical aggregates up to a few tens of nm and elongated fibers were identified. Similar structures were also observed in transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. A size distribution of the particles was obtained by applying image analysis (IA) tools on the TEM images. IA results showed an exponential increase of the particle number concentration down to 40 nm, which is the lower detection limit of our setup. The total number of particles down to 10 nm and the average particle diameter were determined with the laser-induced breakdown detection (LIBD) method. The results were in good agreement with the TEM-IA data and showed a total number concentration of roughly 10(8) particles/mL in the purified water. The carbon of the particles was investigated with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), which revealed that most particles were organic matter; the C-1s spectra were typical for dissolved organic matter. The methods were applied to characterize the particles from two different drinking waters treated with different methods (conventional vs. ultrafiltration (cut-off 100 kDa)). The results showed that the particle number density following ultrafiltration was lower by a factor of 5-10, compared to conventional treatment. However, the average particle diameter in the finished water of both treatment trains was roughly the same.
|
['Lasers', 'Microscopy', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Ultrafiltration', 'Water Purification', 'Water Supply']
| 18,348,895
|
[['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['E04.292.975', 'E05.196.454.807', 'G01.280.807', 'G02.263.807'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Non-operative treatment of ureteral calculi using ureterorenoscopy].
|
Rigid transurethral ureteroscopy was used in the treatment of 31 patients with 32 ureteral calculi. The stones could be visualized in 90% of cases. The aim of treatment was immediate extraction under visual control for smaller calculi and retrograde advancement into the renal pelvis with subsequent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for larger calculi. The aim of treatment was reached in 92% (11/12) of stones in the lower third of the ureter, in 67% (4/6) in the middle third and in 64% (9/14) in the upper third of the ureter leaving 12 calculi extracted and 12 pushed up into the renal pelvis. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the ureter was used in 3 cases before extraction. Ureterolithotomy had to be carried out in 3 patients only (9%) following the endoscopic procedure.
|
['Catheterization', 'Endoscopes', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pressure', 'Risk', 'Ureter', 'Ureteral Calculi']
| 6,489,900
|
[['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E07.230.220', 'E07.858.240'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['A05.810.776'], ['C12.777.725.938.500', 'C12.777.967.374.500', 'C12.777.967.500.851', 'C13.351.968.725.938.500', 'C13.351.968.967.374.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.851', 'C23.300.175.850.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Photobiomodulation with 630 plus 810 nm wavelengths induce more in vitro cell viability of human adipose stem cells than human bone marrow-derived stem cells.
|
The goal of the current experiment is to explore the influence of combined and/or single applications of red and near infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) at different wavelengths, energy densities and times on cell viability, population doubling time (PDT), and apoptosis of in vitro cultures of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and h adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Both in vitro hBM-MSCs and hASCs were irradiated with 36 protocols using two different laser types (helium‑neon [He-Ne] and diodes), four different laser wavelengths (HeNe laser, 630 nm, 810 nm, 630 + 810 nm); three different energy densities (0.6 J/cm2, 1.2 J/cm2, 2.4 J/cm2); and three different PBM times (1, 2, and 3). One-way ANOVA analysis showed that PBM with the 630 nm red laser significantly stimulated cellular viability of both hBM-MSCs and hASCs. The 630 nm red laser significantly decreased PDT of hBM-MSCs. One-way ANOVA demonstrated that the 630 + 810 laser significantly stimulated cellular viability, and significantly decreased PDT and apoptosis of hBM-MSCs and hASCs. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that PBM with the 630 nm red laser and 630 + 810 nm laser significantly stimulated cellular viability of hASCs compared to the control hASCs, and experimental and control hBM-MSCs. Our study demonstrated that PBM with the combined 630 + 810 nm lasers significantly stimulated cell viability, and significantly decreased PDT and apoptosis of hBM-MSCs and hASCs in vitro. We reported new in vitro evidence where PBM administered at 630 nm (one and two times, 0.6 and 1.2 J/cm2) and 630 + 810 nm (three times, 2.4 J/cm2) significantly increased hASC cell viability compared to its control and the PBM-treated hBM-MSC groups.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Gas', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Stem Cells']
| 31,710,923
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490.367', 'E07.710.520.367'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of ovarian cyst formation in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. hysterectomy.
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on ovarian cyst formation, endometrial thickness and the size of uterus and uterine fibroids by ultrasonography.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial comparing the LNG-IUS and hysterectomy in 236 women (age range 35-49 years) referred for menorrhagia. Transvaginal ultrasound examination was used to study the presence of ovarian cysts, uterine size, endometrial thickness, and the size of the uterus and uterine fibroids during a 12-month follow-up period.RESULTS: At baseline examination, 12 ovarian cysts were detected, eight in the LNG-IUS group and four in the hysterectomy group. During the follow-up period, 14 new cysts had emerged at 6 months and 14 new cysts had emerged at 12 months in the LNG-IUS group, whereas the corresponding figures in the hysterectomy group were three and eight, respectively. All but one of the 14 new cysts (94.1%) detected at 6 months in the LNG-IUS group resolved spontaneously, whereas two out of the eight cysts detected at the baseline examination persisted for 12 months. Three cysts were removed at operation. The relative risk of the occurrence of ovarian cysts was significantly higher in women with LNG-IUS, compared with women who underwent hysterectomy. LNG-IUS did not affect the size of the uterus or uterine fibroids, but it was associated with a decrease in endometrial thickness. The occurrence of cysts did not correlate with age or follicle stimulating hormone levels, but a weak positive correlation between the occurrence of cysts and the presence of irregular bleeding was observed.CONCLUSIONS: LNG-IUS use in the treatment of menorrhagia was associated with the development of ovarian cysts, but these were symptomless and showed a high rate of spontaneous resolution. LNG-IUS did not affect the size of the uterus or the size of uterine fibroids, but decreased the thickness of the endometrium.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Leiomyoma', 'Levonorgestrel', 'Menorrhagia', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Cysts', 'Ovary', 'Progesterone Congeners', 'Prospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography', 'Uterine Neoplasms', 'Uterus', 'Vagina']
| 12,383,322
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.693.762.450'], ['C13.351.500.852.691.449', 'C23.550.414.993.350', 'C23.550.568.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.182.612', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580', 'C19.391.630.580'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D06.472.334.851.687'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression.
|
We describe a set of murine retrovirus-based vectors that include unique cloning sites for insertion of cDNAs such that the cDNA can be driven by either the retroviral long terminal repeat, the immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus, or the simian virus 40 early promoter. The vectors carry the neomycin phosphotransferase gene expressed from an alternate promoter as a selectable marker. These vectors have been constructed to prevent viral protein synthesis from the remaining viral sequences, to yield high-titer virus stocks after introduction into retrovirus packaging cells, and to eliminate homologous overlap with viral DNAs present in retrovirus packaging cells in order to prevent helper virus production. Methods for generating high-titer virus are described.
|
['Animals', 'Biotechnology', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Helper Viruses', 'Retroviridae', 'Transfection', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 2,631,796
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.308.385'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B04.423'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
rhBMP-2 induces transient bone resorption followed by bone formation in a nonhuman primate core-defect model.
|
BACKGROUND: Bone resorption preceding bone formation has been reported following the administration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in metaphyseal bone. This study characterizes treatment with rhBMP-2/ACS in metaphyseal bone with use of a nonhuman primate core-defect model.METHODS: Unilateral proximal femoral core defects were treated with 360 microg of rhBMP-2/ACS or ACS alone or were left untreated in seven, five, and five adult male cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. Distal femoral core defects in seven of the above animals were treated with 360 microg of rhBMP-2/ACS in one limb and ACS alone in the contralateral limb. Retention of rhBMP-2 in the proximal part of the femora was determined with use of tracer amounts of (125)I-rhBMP-2 imaged with a gamma camera. The distal part of the femora was evaluated with in vivo computed tomography. Computed tomography and histological evaluation were performed on harvested segments in all animals at twenty-four weeks. The histological response in the proximal and distal parts of the femora containing core defects treated with 360 microg of rhBMP-2/ACS in one limb and ACS alone in the contralateral limb was evaluated at one, two, and four weeks in three animals per time point.RESULTS: Approximately 39.9%, 24.2%, 3.4%, and 0.5% of the rhBMP-2 was retained in the proximal part of the femora at one, seven, fourteen, and twenty-one days, respectively. The mineral density and trabecular volume fraction of the core defects treated with rhBMP-2/ACS, those treated with ACS alone, and untreated core defects in the proximal part of the femora were 81%, 54%, and 20%, respectively, and 94%, 36%, and 31%, respectively, of the corresponding region in the contralateral limbs at twenty-four weeks. The mineral density and trabecular volume fraction of the region surrounding the core defects treated with rhBMP-2/ACS, those treated with ACS alone, and untreated core defects were 112%, 105%, and 104%, respectively, and 117%, 108%, and 107%, respectively, of the corresponding region in the contralateral limbs. Treatment with rhBMP-2/ACS increased the size of the proximal and distal core defects compared with treatment with ACS alone. Histological evaluation of the rhBMP-2/ACS-treated limbs demonstrated that bone resorption was initiated at one week in association with osteoclasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand-positive stained spindle-shaped cells and peaked at two weeks. Bone formation was observed at two weeks and was ongoing at twenty-four weeks.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of metaphyseal core defects with rhBMP-2/ACS resulted in bone resorption followed by bone formation in nonhuman primates.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'Bone Resorption', 'Femur Neck', 'Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Male', 'Osteogenesis', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 20,124,069
|
[['B01.050'], ['G11.427.100'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['D12.644.276.954.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200', 'D23.529.942.200'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.510'], ['E07.858.740.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient perspective on misdiagnosis and its repercussions.
|
We studied the rate of initial "misdiagnosis', along with factors than might distinguish such patients, in 64 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who completed a survey of 34 questions. Announcement of the survey was made by electronic newsletter and users group bulletin board directed at ALS patients. The questionnaire was distributed to interested ALS patients via electronic mail (e-mail), and 64 ALS patients (81% from the USA) returned their completed questionnaires via reply e-mail or postal mail. Seventeen patients (27% of total group) indicated at least 1 prior misdiagnosis, most commonly spinal stenosis/radiculopathy; 5 listed unnecessary and costly surgical treatments (laminectomy, endarterectomy). Misdiagnosis appeared to be more common in patients above age 60 and may be more common in patients originating in cities versus smaller communities. Mean time from onset of first symptom until definitive diagnosis of ALS was prolonged in patients with initial misdiagnosis (19 months) compared with non-misdiagnosed patients (10 months). Such a previous misdiagnosis may decrease a patient's chance of acceptance into multicenter ALS drug trials.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Community Health Services', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Data Collection', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 8,899,669
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['N02.421.143'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of the uterus and mid-pregnancy conceptus on luteal lifespan of the rat.
|
Hysterectomy on or after Day 10 resulted in a quick return of pseudopregnant rats to oestrus but the interval to oestrus in pregnant rats was significantly longer (P less than 0.01), indicating that the gravid uterine horn interfered with uterine-induced luteolysis by Day 10. When pseudopregnant rats were injected with extracts of conceptuses or pregnant rat serum (PRS), samples collected on Days 10 or 12 of pregnancy delayed the return to oestrus (P less than 0.01 for conceptus extracts, P less than 0.05 for PRS) and serum progesterone concentrations on Day 13 of pseudopregnancy were higher (P less than 0.01) than in controls. Bioassays utilizing mammary development or inhibition of oestrus in virgin cyclic rats as endpoints failed to detect lactogenic activity in Day 10 conceptus extracts or PRS, and radioreceptor assays using bovine prolactin (NIH-B5) as a standard showed that Day 10 extracts had only about 2--3% of the lactogenic activity found in Day 12 extracts. Injections of dilutions of Day 12 extracts with 2 or 4 times the lactogenic activity as Day 10 extracts did not extend pseudopregnancy. These results suggest that by Day 10 the conceptus produces a factor capable of interfering with luteolysis and that this factor is not placental lactogen.
|
['Animals', 'Corpus Luteum', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Hysterectomy', 'Placental Lactogen', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Pseudopregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tissue Extracts', 'Uterus']
| 7,054,498
|
[['B01.050'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278', 'A06.300.312.497.278'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['A16.378'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['D06.472.699.649.692', 'D12.644.548.726.692', 'D12.776.780.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['G08.686.784.769.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D20.777'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High ambient pressure of 41 bar increases the cerebral toxicity of penicillins.
|
Sodium benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, and azlocillin were infused intravenously in awake rats at 1 and 41 bar until they convulsed. The doses necessary to elicit convulsions were significantly lower at 41 than at 1 bar, i.e., with a 24% (P less than 0.0005) lower dose of benzylpenicillin and a 23% lower dose of azlocillin (P less than 0.005). The convulsion threshold of cloxacillin was also lower (13%), but not statistically significant. The results show that high pressure reduces the convulsion threshold for some penicillins. Hippocampal amino acid concentrations were also measured in animals exposed to 1 and 41 bar with and without benzylpenicillin treatment. Infusion of benzylpenicillin at 1 bar led to a decrease of 15% in the glutamate level (P less than 0.05), whereas at 41 bar it decreased the level of glutamate by 17% (P less than 0.05) as well as that of glutamine by 19% (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that treatment with penicillin at high ambient pressure may increase the turnover of transmitter glutamate in the rat hippocampus and thus increase the excitability. These effects should be considered when high doses of penicillins are administered to man at high ambient pressure.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Atmospheric Pressure', 'Azlocillin', 'Brain', 'Cloxacillin', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Penicillin G', 'Penicillins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Seizures']
| 3,363,754
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.750.274', 'N06.230.300.100.185'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.075', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.075', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.075'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.625.150', 'D02.886.108.750.625.150', 'D03.633.100.300.750.625.150'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750', 'D02.886.108.750.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chlamydia pneumoniae in a free-ranging giant barred frog (Mixophyes iteratus) from Australia.
|
The koala biovar of Chlamydia pneumoniae was identified in lung tissue from a sick, free-ranging giant barred frog (Mixophyes iteratus) by using electron microscopy, C. pneumoniae-specific fluorescent-antibody staining, cell culture, and sequencing of the ompA, ompB and 16S rRNA genes. This is the first report of a chlamydial strain infecting both a homeotherm and a poikilotherm and only the fourth host (in addition to humans, koalas, and horses) to be naturally infected with this species of Chlamydia. The frog had severe, chronic, mononuclear pneumonia and nonregenerative anemia and pancytopenia.
|
['Animals', 'Anura', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S']
| 10,364,623
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['B03.440.190.190.230.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735.686.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced beetle luciferase for high-resolution bioluminescence imaging.
|
We developed an enhanced green-emitting luciferase (ELuc) to be used as a bioluminescence imaging (BLI) probe. ELuc exhibits a light signal in mammalian cells that is over 10-fold stronger than that of the firefly luciferase (FLuc), which is the most widely used luciferase reporter gene. We showed that ELuc produces a strong light signal in primary cells and tissues and that it enables the visualization of gene expression with high temporal resolution at the single-cell level. Moreover, we successfully imaged the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of importin alpha by fusing ELuc at the intracellular level. These results demonstrate that the use of ELuc allows a BLI spatiotemporal resolution far greater than that provided by FLuc.
|
['Animals', 'Coleoptera', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Humans', 'Karyopherins', 'Luciferases', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Molecular Probe Techniques', 'Molecular Probes', 'Protein Transport', 'Proteins']
| 20,368,807
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['E01.370.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.750.500', 'D12.776.660.502'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D12.776.532'], ['E05.601'], ['D27.505.259.750', 'D27.720.470.530'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Reproducibility and accuracy in the morphometric and mechanical quantification of trabecular bone from 3 Tesla magnetic resonance images].
|
OBJECTIVE: We used an animal model to analyze the reproducibility and accuracy of certain biomarkers of bone image quality in comparison to a gold standard of computed microtomography (ìCT).MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and ìCT to study the metaphyses of 5 sheep tibiae. The MR images (3 Teslas) were acquired with a T1-weighted gradient echo sequence and an isotropic spatial resolution of 180ìm. The ìCT images were acquired using a scanner with a spatial resolution of 7.5ìm isotropic voxels. In the preparation of the images, we applied equalization, interpolation, and thresholding algorithms. In the quantitative analysis, we calculated the percentage of bone volume (BV/TV), the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), the trabecular index (Tb.N), the 2D fractal dimension (D(2D)), the 3D fractal dimension (D(3D)), and the elastic module in the three spatial directions (Ex, Ey and Ez).RESULTS: The morphometric and mechanical quantification of trabecular bone by MR was very reproducible, with percentages of variation below 9% for all the parameters. Its accuracy compared to the gold standard (ìCT) was high, with errors less than 15% for BV/TV, D(2D), D(3D), and E(app)x, E(app)y and E(app)z.CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental results in animals confirm that the parameters of BV/TV, D(2D), D(3D), and E(app)x, E(app)y and E(app)z obtained by MR have excellent reproducibility and accuracy and can be used as imaging biomarkers for the quality of trabecular bone.
|
['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sheep']
| 24,094,441
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Predicting severe acute pancreatitis in children based on serum lipase and calcium: A multicentre retrospective cohort study.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify predictors of severe paediatric AP based on laboratory trends and peak/trough values on day 2 (D2) after presentation. The performance of identified predictors was first assessed and then combined with the previously validated sensitive predictor serum lipase ?7 times the upper limit of normal (? ULN) on day 1 (D1).METHODS: A retrospective review of children with AP (January 2000-July 2011) was performed at three tertiary referral hospitals (two in Australia, one in the Netherlands). Trends of candidate predictors were analysed using the percentage change from D1 to D2 or peak/trough values within 48 h after presentation.RESULTS: 175 AP episodes (including 50 severe episodes [29%]) were identified. Serum lipase ?50% decrease on D2 (sensitivity 73%, specificity 54%) and calcium trough ?2.15 mmol/L within 48 h (sensitivity 59%, specificity 81%) were identified as statistically significant predictors for severe AP. By combining the newly identified predictors with the previously validated predictor serum lipase ?7? ULN on D1 (sensitivity 82%, specificity 53%), specificity improved to predict severe AP on D2 with the addition of: (i) serum lipase ?50% decrease (sensitivity 67%, specificity 79%), or (ii) trough calcium ?2.15 mmol/L (sensitivity 46%, specificity 89%).CONCLUSIONS: Serum lipase and calcium, may be helpful in predicting severity of paediatric AP. There may be a clinical role on D1 for using serum lipase ?7? ULN (high sensitivity), and on D2 for combining D1 serum lipase ?7? ULN with calcium trough ?2.15 mmol/L within 48 h (high specificity) to help predict severe paediatric AP.
|
['Adolescent', 'Calcium', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lipase', 'Male', 'Models, Statistical', 'Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,161,174
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['C06.689.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of melatonin and oxytocin in the prevention of critical illness polyneuropathy in rats with experimentally induced sepsis.
|
BACKGROUND: Critical illness polyneuropathy is an acute neuromuscular disorder of critically ill patients and is characterized by limb and respiratory muscle weakness. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of melatonin (MEL) and oxytocin (OT) on the early stage of sepsis by recording compound muscle action potentials and measuring plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-á levels, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), and total antioxidant capacity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure was performed to induce the sepsis model. MEL (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), OT (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/kg), and a combination of MEL (20 mg/kg) and OT (0.8 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally in the first hour of surgery. Electromyography (EMG) studies were achieved 24 h after CLP surgery and then blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements.RESULTS: EMG findings revealed that compound muscle action potential amplitude was significantly decreased and distal latency was prolonged in the CLP group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0005). Moreover, the animals that received CLP surgery showed significantly higher TNF-á and MDA levels and lower total antioxidant capacity values than the sham group. The administration of MEL and OT to rats significantly abolished the EMG alterations and suppressed oxidative stress and TNF-á release in CLP-induced rats.CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory processes and imbalance in oxidative/antioxidative status play important roles in the pathogenesis of critical illness polyneuropathy. We suggest that both oxytocin and melatonin may have beneficial effects against sepsis-induced polyneuropathy in critical illness.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Electromyography', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Melatonin', 'Oxytocin', 'Polyneuropathies', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sepsis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 23,312,812
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['C10.668.829.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contractile actomyosin arcs promote the activation of primary mouse T cells in a ligand-dependent manner.
|
Mechano-transduction is an emerging but still poorly understood component of T cell activation. Here we investigated the ligand-dependent contribution made by contractile actomyosin arcs populating the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC) region of the immunological synapse (IS) to T cell receptor (TCR) microcluster transport and proximal signaling in primary mouse T cells. Using super resolution microscopy, OT1-CD8+ mouse T cells, and two ovalbumin (OVA) peptides with different affinities for the TCR, we show that the generation of organized actomyosin arcs depends on ligand potency and the ability of myosin 2 to contract actin filaments. While weak ligands induce disorganized actomyosin arcs, strong ligands result in organized actomyosin arcs that correlate well with tension-sensitive CasL phosphorylation and the accumulation of ligands at the IS center. Blocking myosin 2 contractility greatly reduces the difference in the extent of Src and LAT phosphorylation observed between the strong and the weak ligand, arguing that myosin 2-dependent force generation within actin arcs contributes to ligand discrimination. Together, our data are consistent with the idea that actomyosin arcs in the pSMAC region of the IS promote a mechano-chemical feedback mechanism that amplifies the accumulation of critical signaling molecules at the IS.
|
['Actomyosin', 'Animals', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Ligands', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Phosphorylation', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 28,817,635
|
[['D12.776.210.500.154'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metabolic syndrome correlates poorly with cognitive performance in stroke-free community-dwelling older adults: a population-based, cross-sectional study in rural Ecuador.
|
BACKGROUND: Studies investigating a possible correlation between metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline have been inconsistent.AIMS: To determine whether metabolic syndrome or each of its components correlate with cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults in rural Ecuador.METHODS: Stroke-free Atahualpa residents aged ?60 years were identified during a door-to-door survey. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Cognition was evaluated by the use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multivariate logistic regression models estimated the association between metabolic syndrome and each of its components with cognitive performance.RESULTS: A total of 212 persons (mean age: 69.2 ± 7.2 years, 64 % women) were enrolled. Of these, 120 (57 %) had metabolic syndrome. Mean scores in the MoCA were 18.2 ± 4.6 for persons with and 19 ± 4.7 for those without metabolic syndrome. In fully adjusted logistic models, MoCA scores were not associated with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.101). After testing individual components of metabolic syndrome with the MoCA score, we found that only hypertriglyceridemia was independently associated with the MoCA score (p = 0.009).CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study showed a poor correlation of metabolic syndrome with cognitive performance after adjusting for relevant confounders. Of the individual components of metabolic syndrome, only hypertriglyceridemia correlated with worse cognitive performance.
|
['Aged', 'Cognition', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Ecuador', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Independent Living', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Rural Population', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Triglycerides']
| 26,142,624
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.107.757.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.050.500', 'N01.224.791.550', 'N06.850.505.400.800.550'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Interactions at the blood/material interface.
|
The complex interactions occurring at the blood/material interface of implanted blood-contacting biomaterials largely determine the clinical efficacy of small diameter vascular grafts. Physical characteristics of the material such as chemical composition, electrical charge, surface texture, elastic modulus, and porosity all affect many responses at the interfaces with blood, surrounding tissues, and adjacent artery. Some responses begin instantaneously (deposition of plasma proteins and platelets) while other reactions are somewhat delayed (deposition of leukocytes and monocytes, and migration of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). Each of these elements may become activated and release bioactive substances which further affect the behavior of the other entities in this complex and dynamic microenvironment. It is precisely these tissue reactions that regulate thrombogenicity and the development of pseudointimal hyperplasia.
|
['Adhesiveness', 'Adsorption', 'Blood Cells', 'Blood Physiological Phenomena', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Growth Substances', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Materials Testing', 'Surface Properties', 'Thrombosis', 'Vascular Patency']
| 2,297,480
|
[['G02.860.139'], ['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['A11.118', 'A15.145.229'], ['G09.188'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E07.695.110'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.860'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mice deficient in surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-D or in TLR2 manifest delayed parturition and decreased expression of inflammatory and contractile genes.
|
Previously we obtained compelling evidence that the fetus provides a critical signal for the initiation of term labor through developmental induction of surfactant protein (SP)-A expression by the fetal lung and secretion into amniotic fluid (AF). We proposed that interactions of AF macrophage (M?) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with SP-A, at term, or bacterial components, at preterm, result in their activation and migration to the pregnant uterus. Herein the timing of labor in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice was compared with mice homozygous null for TLR2, SP-A, SP-D, or doubly deficient in SP-A and SP-D. Interestingly, TLR2(-/-) females manifested a significant (P < 0.001) delay in timing of labor compared with WT as well as reduced expression of the myometrial contraction-associated protein (CAP) gene, connexin-43, and M? marker, F4/80, at 18.5 d postcoitum (dpc). Whereas in first pregnancies, SP-A(-/-), SP-D(-/-), and SP-A/D(-/-) females delivered at term (?19.5 dpc), in second pregnancies, parturition was delayed by approximately 12 h in SP-A(-/-) (P = 0.07) and in SP-A/D(-/-) (P <0.001) females. Myometrium of SP-A/D(-/-) females expressed significantly lower levels of IL-1â, IL-6, and CAP genes, connexin-43, and oxytocin receptor at 18.5 dpc compared with WT. F4/80(+) AF M?s from TLR2(-/-) and SP-A/D(-/-) mice expressed significantly lower levels of both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory activation markers (e.g. IL-1â, IL-6, ARG1, YM1) compared with gestation-matched WT AF M?s. These novel findings suggest that the pulmonary collectins acting via TLR2 serve a modulatory role in the timing of labor; their relative impact may be dependent on parity.
|
['Amniotic Fluid', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myometrium', 'Parturition', 'Pregnancy', 'Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A', 'Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2']
| 23,183,169
|
[['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A02.633.570.500', 'A05.360.319.679.690', 'A10.690.467.500'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.503.280.249.600', 'D12.776.823.100'], ['D12.776.503.280.249.625', 'D12.776.823.249'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estimating quantitative genetic parameters in haplodiploid organisms.
|
Haplodiploid organisms (diploid females and haploid males) are genetically distinct in that they have asymmetrical genetic segregation, gene dosage compensation in the haploid male, maternal effects, and a general propensity to inbreed. Taking these characteristics into account, we demonstrate how conventional experimental designs and statistics derived to measure quantitative genetic parameters for diploid organisms can be applied to haplodiploid ones. First, the C matrix of the joint-scaling test is modified to test the additive-dominance model and then the calculations for fractions in the C matrices (for males and females) are shown for an infinite number of generations with both random and brother-sister mating. Second, analytical adjustments are outlined for the derivation of covariance between relatives using populations at either Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or those that prefer to inbreed. Finally, four of the conventional designs (sib-analysis, offspring-parental regression, North Carolina III (NC III), and diallel cross) are modified and then compared according to their ability to deal with the experimental conditions encountered in haplodiploid systems. Although all designs can be used with caution, our analysis suggests that the NC III design is the most broadly applicable because it consistently meets the theoretical assumptions. The parameters we derive here for inbred populations are recommended for analysing the typically skewed genotypic distributions found in many natural populations of haplodiploid organisms. The theoretical and applied aspects of our work as well as the difference between our work and that for X-linked genes are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Diploidy', 'Epistaxis', 'Female', 'Gene Dosage', 'Genomic Imprinting', 'Haploidy', 'Inbreeding', 'Male', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Statistical']
| 11,122,415
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.281'], ['G05.700.264'], ['C08.460.261', 'C09.603.261', 'C23.550.414.712', 'C23.888.852.040'], ['G05.380.350'], ['G05.308.203.500'], ['G05.700.456'], ['E05.820.150.520', 'G05.090.403'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Roles of chlorpropamide, alcohol and acetaldehyde in determining the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush.
|
The value and reproducibility of the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush (CPAF) have been questioned, and objective measures of the test are required. Recording of facial skin temperature, measurement of chlorpropamide, ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations have been proposed for this purpose. The present study was designed to evaluate the relative contributions of these variables in determining CPAF. Twenty-one Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (11 CPAF-positive and 10 CPAF-negative according to previous tests with standard amounts of alcohol and chlorpropamide) were investigated in a random fashion with either chlorpropamide or placebo given on three subsequent evenings before a two-step alcohol challenge with increasing body-weight-matched amounts of alcohol. Higher rises in facial skin temperature and heart rate, higher flush-score and higher acetaldehyde levels resulted from chlorpropamide therapy than followed placebo. After smaller alcohol challenges (with chlorpropamide pretreatment) there were positive intercorrelations between flush-score, rise in facial skin temperature, and plasma concentrations of chlorpropamide and blood acetaldehyde. The increased alcohol dose abolished most of these correlations and a minimum temperature rise of 1.8 degrees C appeared in all but two subjects regardless of previous CPAF classification. During the current experimental conditions, the previously-classified CPAF-positive and CPAF-negative patients did not differ with respect to flush-score, rise in skin temperature, heart rate, blood acetaldehyde or ethanol concentrations, whereas they differed with respect to chlorpropamide concentrations. The present results support the view that CPAF is associated with elevated blood acetaldehyde levels due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by chlorpropamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Acetaldehyde', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Chlorpropamide', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Flushing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos']
| 6,706,043
|
[['D02.047.064'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['D02.065.950.828.283', 'D02.886.590.795.283'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.033.375'], ['C23.888.885.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Diterpenoids with inhibitory activity of nitrite production from Croton floribundus.
|
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as Capixingu?, stands out due to its widespread use in traditional medicine to treat wounds, syphilis, hemorrhoids, eye diseases and as a purgative.AIM OF THE STUDY: To characterize clerodanes diterpenes from C. floribundus and to evaluate the effects of the fraction and diterpenes (1-5) on inhibition of nitrite production.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydroethanolic root extract of C. floribundus was fractionated on a solid phase extraction column to obtain the fraction named Fr80%. From this, five compounds were obtained and characterized. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by a combination of electronic and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopies. Additionally, compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitrite production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264 macrophage cell.RESULTS: Five clerodane diterpenoids were characterized, and the absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established as 3R,4R,5R,8R,9R,10S,12S. The IC50 values obtained through inhibition of nitrite production were 28.52 ± 2.21 ìM (1), 40.26 ± 2.79 ìM (2), 25.47 ± 2.16 ìM (3), 35.78 ± 2.93 ìM (4) and 40.58 ± 4.78 ìM (5). In the tested concentrations, the samples presented low toxicity in macrophages.CONCLUSIONS: Four new diterpenes were characterized from C. floribundus, these being croflorins A-D (1-4) and a known halimane (5). These compounds exhibited inhibitory effect on nitrite production.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Croton', 'Diterpenes', 'Diterpenes, Clerodane', 'Euphorbiaceae', 'Macrophages', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Mice', 'Nitrites', 'RAW 264.7 Cells']
| 31,639,485
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.199'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['D02.455.849.291.228'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E02.190.488', 'I01.076.201.450.654'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['A11.251.210.172.875', 'A11.733.397.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chest X-ray evaluation training: impact of normal and abnormal image ratio and instructional sequence.
|
CONTEXT: Medical image perception training generally focuses on abnormalities, whereas normal images are more prevalent in medical practice. Furthermore, instructional sequences that let students practice prior to expert instruction (inductive) may lead to improved performance compared with methods that give students expert instruction before practice (deductive). This study investigates the effects of the proportion of normal images and practice-instruction order on learning to interpret medical images. It is hypothesised that manipulation of the proportion of normal images will lead to a sensitivity-specificity trade-off and that students in practice-first (inductive) conditons need more time per practice case but will correctly identify more test cases.METHODS: Third-year medical students (n = 103) learned radiograph interpretation by practising cases with, respectively, 30% or 70% normal radiographs prior to expert instruction (practice-first order) or after expert instruction (instruction-first order). After training, students performed a test (60% normal) and sensitivity (% of correctly identified abnormal radiographs), specificity (% of correctly identified normal radiographs), diagnostic performance (% of correct diagnoses) and case duration were measured.RESULTS: The conditions with 30% of normal images scored higher on sensitivity but the conditions with 70% of normal images scored higher on specificity, indicating a sensitivity and specificity trade-off. Those who participated in inductive conditions took less time per practice case but more per test case. They had similar test sensitivity, but scored lower on test specificity.CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of normal images impacted the sensitivity-specificity trade-off. This trade-off should be an important consideration for the alignment of training with future practice. Furthermore, the deductive conditions unexpectedly scored higher on specificity when participants took less time per case. An inductive approach did not lead to higher diagnostic performance, possibly because participants might already have relevant prior knowledge. Deductive approaches are therefore advised for the training of advanced learners.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Radiology', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Students, Medical', 'Teaching', 'Young Adult']
| 30,474,292
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['H02.403.740'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['I02.903'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Substrate and inhibitor binding sites in Corynebacterium glutamicum diaminopimelate dehydrogenase.
|
The three-dimensional structures of Corynebacterium glutamicum diaminopimelate dehydrogenase as a binary complex with the substrate meso-diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) and a ternary complex with NADP+ and an isoxazoline inhibitor [Abbot, S.D., Lane-Bell, P., Kanwar, P.S.S., and Vederas, J. C. (1994) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6513-6520] have been solved and refined against X-ray diffraction data to 2.2 A. Diaminopimelate dehydrogenase is a homodimer of approximately 35,000 molecular weight subunits and is the only dehydrogenase present in the bacterial diaminopimelate/lysine biosynthetic pathway. Inhibitors of the enzymes of L-lysine biosynthesis have been proposed as potential antibiotics or herbicides, since mammals lack this metabolic pathway. Diaminopimelate dehydrogenase catalyzes the unique, reversible, pyridine dinucleotide-dependent oxidative deamination of the D-amino acid stereocenter of meso-diaminopimelate to generate L-2-amino-6-oxopimelate. The enzyme is absolutely specific for the meso stereoisomer of DAP and must distinguish between two opposite chiral amino acid centers on the same symmetric substrate. The determination of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme--meso-diaminopimelate complex allows a description of the molecular basis of this stereospecific discrimination. The substrate is bound in an elongated cavity, in which the distribution of residues that act as hydrogen bond donors or acceptors defines a single orientation in which the substrate may bind in order to position the D-amino acid center of meso-DAP near the oxidized nucleotide. The previously described isoxazoline inhibitor binds at the same site as DAP but has its L-amino acid center positioned where the D-amino acid center of meso-DAP would normally be located, thereby generating a nonproductive inhibitor complex. The relative positions of the N-terminal dinucleotide and C-terminal substrate-binding domains in the diaminopimelate dehydrogenase--NADP+, diaminopimelate dehydrogenase--DAP, and diaminopimelate dehydrogenase--NADP(+)--inhibitor complexes confirm our previous observations that the enzyme undergoes significant conformational changes upon binding of both dinucleotide and substrate.
|
['Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Binding Sites', 'Corynebacterium', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Diaminopimelic Acid', 'Electrochemistry', 'Models, Molecular', 'NADP', 'Protein Conformation', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 9,521,647
|
[['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B03.510.024.250', 'B03.510.460.400.400.200'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D02.241.081.337.699.250', 'D12.125.095.390'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of microbial carbon sources and cycling during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon impacted soil using natural abundance (14)C analysis of PLFA.
|
In a petroleum impacted land-farm soil in Sarnia, Ontario, compound-specific natural abundance radiocarbon analysis identified biodegradation by the soil microbial community as a major pathway for hydrocarbon removal in a novel remediation system. During remediation of contaminated soils by a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced phytoremediation system (PEPS), the measured Delta(14)C of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers ranged from -793 per thousand to -897 per thousand, directly demonstrating microbial uptake and utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons (Delta(14)C(PHC) = -1000 per thousand). Isotopic mass balance indicated that more than 80% of microbial PLFA carbon was derived from petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and a maximum of 20% was obtained from metabolism of more modern carbon sources. These PLFA from the contaminated soils were the most (14)C-depleted biomarkers ever measured for an in situ environmental system, and this study demonstrated that the microbial community in this soil was subsisting primarily on petroleum hydrocarbons. In contrast, the microbial community in a nearby uncontaminated control soil maintained a more modern Delta(14)C signature than total organic carbon (Delta(14)C(PLFA) = +36 per thousand to -147 per thousand, Delta(14)C(TOC) = -148 per thousand), indicating preferential consumption of the most modern plant-derived fraction of soil organic carbon. Measurements of delta(13)C and Delta(14)C of soil CO(2) additionally demonstrated that mineralization of PHC contributed to soil CO(2) at the contaminated site. The CO(2) in the uncontaminated control soil exhibited substantially more modern Delta(14)C values, and lower soil CO(2) concentrations than the contaminated soils, suggesting increased rates of soil respiration in the contaminated soils. In combination, these results demonstrated that biodegradation in the soil microbial community was a primary pathway of petroleum hydrocarbon removal in the PEPS system. This study highlights the power of natural abundance radiocarbon for determining microbial carbon sources and identifying biodegradation pathways in complex remediation systems.
|
['Bacteria', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Carbon', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gases', 'Hydrocarbons', 'Petroleum', 'Phospholipids', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 20,196,610
|
[['B03'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D10.251'], ['D01.362'], ['D02.455'], ['D20.345.630', 'N06.230.132.258.630'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Nine days post-thawing red cell conservation in a synthetic medium. Biochemical studies.
|
The expiration of thawed red cells (RBC) currently is 24 hours. This leads to problems in current transfusion practice, and often wastes rare and costly products. To remedy this situation, we developed a synthetic medium containing 0.085 g per l adenine, 5 g per l glucose, 48.0 g per l sucrose, 0.75 g per l NaH2PO4.H2O, 4 g per l Na2HPO4.2H2O, and 2.5 g per l NaCl, with a pH of 7.40, and an osmolarity of 320 mOsm. After 15 days post-thawing storage at 4 degrees C in our medium, the viability and function of RBC were maintained. We propose the storage of thawed RBC at 4 degrees C in our medium for up to 9 days: sterility was maintained, pH was 6.80, and 2,3-diphosphate glycerate was 50 percent, and adenosine triphosphate 100 percent of the original values. Free hemoglobin was 122 mg per unit, adenylate energy charge was 0.90, and RBC labeled 7 days after thawing showed 89 percent survival 24 hours after transfusion and a one-half disappearance of 22 days.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Blood Preservation', 'Blood Substitutes', 'Drug Storage', 'Erythrocyte Aging', 'Freezing', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Time Factors']
| 3,765,038
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['E02.792.833.230', 'E05.760.833.230'], ['D27.505.954.502.140', 'J01.637.087.249'], ['E05.916.350'], ['G04.043.260', 'G09.188.230'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiparametric discrimination of serous ovarian tumors by analytical morphometry.
|
In order to enhance the discrimination power in the field of serous ovarian tumors, we applied the software system SAM (Shape Analytical Morphometry) to the analytic studies of biological forms. Besides the usual dimensional evaluations (perimeter, area, maximum diameter and shape index), this procedure permits the description of the nuclear form using analytical parameters: 1) extraction of nucleus fundamental curve; that is a functional curve giving the "smoothing" of the original contour by two parametric equations (separately for x and y values as independent variables); 2) evaluation of nuclei contour irregularities by Fourier analysis; 3) evaluation of shape asymmetry by SAE (Shape Asymmetry Evaluator); that is the ratio between the length of a segment of a parabola interpolating the original curve points, and a straight line joining its extremities for a 180 degrees barycentric rotation according 10 degrees steps. All parameters resulted to be independent and were submitted to multivariate discriminant analysis. We studied 180 nuclei from 18 cases of serous ovarian tumors, (6 benign, 6 borderline and 6 malignant tumors). With respect to the dimensional parameters, the application of analytical morphometry permitted us to reduce the minimum percentage error in the discrimination of the different classes. In fact, in the distinctions of benign and malignant nuclei, the minimum percentage error was 13.30%, against the 18.3% error when using dimensional morphometry. Furthermore, in the comparison of malignant and borderline nuclei there was a reduction of error from 23.3% to 22.5%, and in the comparison of benign and borderline nuclei, the error was reduced from 37.5% to 30%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Ovarian Neoplasms']
| 1,511,716
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Thyroid gland disorders in primary Sj?gren's syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of thyroid disorders in primary Sj?gen's syndrome.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 121 consecutive patients meeting Vitali's criteria for primary Sj?gren's syndrome and 74 with rheumatoid arthritis underwent thyroid hormone assays, tests for antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies, tests for antinuclear antibodies and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens. Antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies were also assayed in 404 controls.RESULTS: frequencies were calculated separately in males and females, and data in females were subjected to statistical analysis. As compared with controls, Sj?gren's syndrome patients were more likely to have antimicrosomal antibodies (9% versus 17.6%, P < 0.05) and both Sj?gren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis patients were more likely to have antithyroglobulin antibodies (1% versus 13.4% and 10.9%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Hypothyroidism was more common among Sj?gren's syndrome patients (13.4%) than rheumatoid arthritis patients (3.1%) (P < 0.05). Sj?gren's syndrome patients with thyroid disorders were less likely to have antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors or a Chisholm's stage 3 or 4 lip biopsy.CONCLUSIONS: our data confirm that thyroid disorders are more common in primary Sj?gren's syndrome than in rheumatoid arthritis and controls. Production of autoantibodies and severe histologic lesions were less common in Sj?gren's syndrome patients with than without thyroid disorders.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Autoantibodies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'HLA-DR3 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Reference Values', 'Sex Distribution', "Sjogren's Syndrome", 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroid Function Tests']
| 9,010,968
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.400.030', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.400.030', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.400.030', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.389.875', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.389.030', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.389.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['C05.550.114.154.774', 'C05.799.114.774', 'C07.465.815.929.669', 'C11.496.260.719', 'C17.300.775.099.774', 'C20.111.199.774'], ['C19.874'], ['E01.370.374.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble proteins from developing peanut seed.
|
The 85% methanol-soluble proteins are known to specifically contribute to the production of flavor of roasted peanut. To determine the nature of the 85% methanol-soluble proteins, they were isolated from the peanut seed, and the 85% methanol-soluble (MS) and 85% methanol-insoluble (MIS) fractions were characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that the 85% MS fraction contained lower amounts (9-10%) of protein than the MIS fraction (15-33%). Protein content of the MIS fraction increased more significantly during seed maturation than it did in the MS fraction. Unlike the protein, free amino acids and soluble sugars levels of the MS fraction decreased significantly during seed maturation. The 85% MS fraction contained predominantly low molecular weight (<20 kDa) proteins/polypeptides, whereas the MIS fraction contained a mixture of polypeptides with molecular weight between 14 kDa and 90 kDa. SDS-PAGE showed no major changes in the polypeptide composition of the MS fraction during seed maturation. Capillary electrophoretic analysis revealed major qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein and polypeptide composition of the MS and MIS fractions during seed maturation. Fatty acid analysis of these fractions indicated that the MS fraction is lipoprotein in nature and rich in oleic and linoleic acids.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Arachis', 'Carbohydrates', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Fatty Acids', 'Methanol', 'Plant Proteins', 'Seeds', 'Solubility']
| 11,087,512
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.077'], ['D09'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D10.251'], ['D02.033.623'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spectrum and prognostic relevance of driver gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia.
|
The clinical and prognostic relevance of many recently identified driver gene mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly defined. We sequenced the coding regions or hotspot areas of 68 recurrently mutated genes in a cohort of 664 patients aged 18 to 86 years treated on 2 phase 3 trials of the German AML Cooperative Group (AMLCG). The median number of 4 mutations per patient varied according to cytogenetic subgroup, age, and history of previous hematologic disorder or antineoplastic therapy. We found patterns of significantly comutated driver genes suggesting functional synergism. Conversely, we identified 8 virtually nonoverlapping patient subgroups, jointly comprising 78% of AML patients, that are defined by mutually exclusive genetic alterations. These subgroups, likely representing distinct underlying pathways of leukemogenesis, show widely divergent outcomes. Furthermore, we provide detailed information on associations between gene mutations, clinical patient characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes in this large cohort of uniformly treated AML patients. In multivariate analyses including a comprehensive set of molecular and clinical variables, we identified DNMT3A and RUNX1 mutations as important predictors of shorter overall survival (OS) in AML patients <60 years, and particularly in those with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. NPM1 mutations in the absence of FLT3-ITD, mutated TP53, and biallelic CEBPA mutations were identified as important molecular prognosticators of OS irrespective of patient age. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the spectrum, clinical associations, and prognostic relevance of recurrent driver gene mutations in a large cohort representing a broad spectrum and age range of intensively treated AML patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Mutation', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 27,288,520
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Impact of PrLZ overexpression on invasion of prostate cancer LNCaP cells in vitro].
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate leucine zipper (PrLZ), a novel gene, is highly associated with the malignant progression of prostate cancer. We previously found that PrLZ overexpression can enhance the survival of prostate cancer LNCaP cells in vitro. This study was to investigate the impact of PrLZ on the invasion of LNCaP cells and its possible mechanism.METHODS: PrLZ was transfected into LNCaP cells. LNCaP/PrLZ cells with high expression of PrLZ were screened with G418. The migration and invasion of LNCaP and LNCaP/PrLZ cells were detected by Transwell assay. The level and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was determined by Western blot and Zymography, respectively.RESULTS: Migration cell count of LNCaP and LNCaP/PrLZ cells were 64.8+/-8.7 and 69.3+/-7.6, respectively (P>0.05), whereas invasive cell count of LNCaP and LNCaP/PrLZ cells were 70.7+/-2.8 and 190.5+/-9.3, respectively (P<0.001). Both the expression and activity of MMP-2 in LNCaP/PrLZ cells were enhanced.CONCLUSION: PrLZ may be involved in the invasion of prostate cancer.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Transfection']
| 19,624,875
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
astray, a zebrafish roundabout homolog required for retinal axon guidance.
|
As growing retinotectal axons navigate from the eye to the tectum, they sense guidance molecules distributed along the optic pathway. Mutations in the zebrafish astray gene severely disrupt retinal axon guidance, causing anterior-posterior pathfinding defects, excessive midline crossing, and defasciculation of the retinal projection. Eye transplantation experiments show that astray function is required in the eye. We identify astray as zebrafish robo2, a member of the Roundabout family of axon guidance receptors. Retinal ganglion cells express robo2 as they extend axons. Thus, robo2 is required for multiple axon guidance decisions during establishment of the vertebrate visual projection.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Axons', 'Body Patterning', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Eye', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phenotype', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Retina', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Superior Colliculi', 'Visual Pathways', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 11,313,496
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G07.345.500.100'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.281'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.800.816'], ['A08.612.220.860'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in native-born and immigrant Israelis.
|
A survey of HBsAg among Jerusalem blood donors revealed a prevalence of 0.89% and a predominance of subtype ay (85%) compared with ad (15%). A simultaneous survey of patients with HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis revealed a similar predominance of ay (85%) compared with ad (15%). The uniform distribution of the dominant ay subtype among both carriers and patients, representing a diversity of ethnic and national origins, supports the premise that ad and ay subtypes are preferentially correlated with regional epidermiologic, rather than host or disease-related factors.
|
['Blood Donors', 'Carrier State', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis, Viral, Human', 'Humans', 'Israel']
| 1,007,166
|
[['M01.898.313'], ['N06.850.520.169'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['C01.925.440', 'C06.552.380.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cholesterol granuloma of a Haller cell associated with unilateral exophthalmos and diplopia.
|
Cholesterol granuloma is rare in the paranasal sinuses. We present what is to our knowledge the first case of cholesterol granuloma of a Haller cell associated with unilateral exophthalmos and diplopia in a 55-year-old man.
|
['Cholesterol', 'Diplopia', 'Exophthalmos', 'Granuloma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maxillary Sinus', 'Middle Aged']
| 26,719,083
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C10.597.751.941.339', 'C11.966.339', 'C23.888.592.763.941.339'], ['C11.675.349'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.531.621.578'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Helping older widows rebuild their lives.
|
Hospice support groups can help older widows rebuild their lives after losing their husbands. To establish new-normal patterns for their lives, grieving widows need to address these questions: (a) What parts do you want your family and friends to play in your new-normal life?; (b) How do you want to spend your time, now that spending time with your husband is no longer possible?; and (c) How can your inner resources help you develop a frame of mind where you find peace and joy?
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Family', 'Female', 'Friends', 'Grief', 'Hospice Care', 'Humans', 'Self-Help Groups', 'Widowhood']
| 21,895,432
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['M01.252'], ['F01.470.142.110'], ['E02.760.905.400', 'N02.421.585.905.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.540.782'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.862', 'I01.240.361.500.862', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.862', 'N01.224.361.500.862', 'N01.824.308.500.862']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
When the nurse encounters crying.
|
1. Crying has therapeutic value. For the patient and family, crying can facilitate working through grief, promote emotional healing, and release emotions that might otherwise lead to crippling emotional or physical illness. 2. Crying may be precipitated by a variety of emotions and may be related to a variety of situations. When patients cry, the behavior may express sadness and grief, release emotion, manipulate others, be a means to cope with unresolved stress, reduce distance, and may represent emotional lability related to organic brain impairment. 3. When the patient is crying, the nurse's action should be based on an assessment of the crying and the nursing strategies appropriate for the patient's unique situation. Generally, crying should be accepted nonjudgmentally and emotional support should be provided.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Crying', 'Culture', 'Emotions', 'Empathy', 'Humans', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nursing Care']
| 1,561,707
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.145.209.530.258', 'F01.525.200.310.300'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['E02.760.611', 'N02.421.533']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bottom-up and top-down herbivore regulation mediated by glucosinolates in Brassica oleracea var. acephala.
|
Quantitative differences in plant defence metabolites, such as glucosinolates, may directly affect herbivore preference and performance, and indirectly affect natural enemy pressure. By assessing insect abundance and leaf damage rate, we studied the responses of insect herbivores to six genotypes of Brassica oleracea var. acephala, selected from the same cultivar for having high or low foliar content of sinigrin, glucoiberin and glucobrassicin. We also investigated whether the natural parasitism rate was affected by glucosinolates. Finally, we assessed the relative importance of plant chemistry (bottom-up control) and natural enemy performance (top-down control) in shaping insect abundance, the ratio of generalist/specialist herbivores and levels of leaf damage. We found that high sinigrin content decreased the abundance of the generalist Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and the specialist Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), but increased the load of the specialist Eurydema ornatum (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Plants with high sinigrin content suffered less leaf injury. The specialist Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) increased in plants with low glucobrassicin content, whereas the specialists Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera, Pieridae), Aleyrodes brassicae (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) and Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) were not affected by the plant genotype. Parasitism rates of M. brassicae larvae and E. ornatum eggs were affected by plant genotype. The ratio of generalist/specialist herbivores was positively correlated with parasitism rate. Although both top-down and bottom-up forces were seen to be contributing, the key factor in shaping both herbivore performance and parasitism rate was the glucosinolate concentration, which highlights the impact of bottom-up forces on the trophic cascades in crop habitats.
|
['Animals', 'Aphids', 'Brassica', 'Genotype', 'Glucosinolates', 'Herbivory', 'Indoles', 'Insecta', 'Larva', 'Lepidoptera', 'Plant Leaves', 'Wasps']
| 24,352,843
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.165'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['G05.380'], ['D02.886.740.703.350', 'D09.408.348.820.350', 'D09.408.903.703.350'], ['F01.145.113.547.600', 'F01.145.407.758', 'G07.203.650.353.758'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Side chain conformational averaging in human dihydrofolate reductase.
|
The three-dimensional structures of the dihydrofolate reductase enzymes from Escherichia coli (ecDHFR or ecE) and Homo sapiens (hDHFR or hE) are very similar, despite a rather low level of sequence identity. Whereas the active site loops of ecDHFR undergo major conformational rearrangements during progression through the reaction cycle, hDHFR remains fixed in a closed loop conformation in all of its catalytic intermediates. To elucidate the structural and dynamic differences between the human and E. coli enzymes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of side chain flexibility and dynamics in complexes of hDHFR that represent intermediates in the major catalytic cycle. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation dispersion experiments show that, in marked contrast to the functionally important motions that feature prominently in the catalytic intermediates of ecDHFR, millisecond time scale fluctuations cannot be detected for hDHFR side chains. Ligand flux in hDHFR is thought to be mediated by conformational changes between a hinge-open state when the substrate/product-binding pocket is vacant and a hinge-closed state when this pocket is occupied. Comparison of X-ray structures of hinge-open and hinge-closed states shows that helix áF changes position by sliding between the two states. Analysis of ÷1 rotamer populations derived from measurements of (3)JCãCO and (3)JCãN couplings indicates that many of the side chains that contact helix áF exhibit rotamer averaging that may facilitate the conformational change. The ÷1 rotamer adopted by the Phe31 side chain depends upon whether the active site contains the substrate or product. In the holoenzyme (the binary complex of hDHFR with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a combination of hinge opening and a change in the Phe31 ÷1 rotamer opens the active site to facilitate entry of the substrate. Overall, the data suggest that, unlike ecDHFR, hDHFR requires minimal backbone conformational rearrangement as it proceeds through its enzymatic cycle, but that ligand flux is brokered by more subtle conformational changes that depend on the side chain motions of critical residues.
|
['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase']
| 24,498,949
|
[['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.682.662.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and carotid atherosclerosis.
|
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the small dense LDL (SdLDL) phenotype are both predictors for ischemic heart disease. We examined whether cholesterol of SdLDL (SdLDL-C) is more closely associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT), a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, than LDL-C and other lipid parameters. The subjects were 326 consecutive participants including those with dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and smokers. SdLDL-C was quantified by a newly developed precipitation method, and CA-IMT by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. In univariate analysis, CA-IMT was most strongly correlated with SdLDL-C (Spearman's r=0.441, P<0.001), followed by apolipoprotein (apo) B, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), and plasma triglycerides (TG). HDL-C and apo A-I correlated inversely with CA-IMT. Non-lipid variables that were associated with CA-IMT were age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Even after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, eGFR and CRP, the positive association of CA-IMT with SdLDL-C remained significant, and again stronger than the associations with others lipid parameters. Further analyses revealed that the level of SdLDL-C was elevated in subgroups of the subjects including men, older subjects, smokers, those with higher CRP levels, those with diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive patients. These results indicate that SdLDL-C was the best marker of carotid atherosclerosis among the lipid parameters tested, and suggest that quantitative measurement of SdLDL-C gives useful information in the risk assessment for atherosclerotic disease.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Particle Size', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media', 'Ultrasonography']
| 18,492,490
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A07.015.700'], ['A07.015.733'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Loss of zolpidem efficacy in the hippocampus of mice with the GABAA receptor gamma2 F77I point mutation.
|
Zolpidem is a hypnotic benzodiazepine site agonist with some gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor subtype selectivity. Here, we have tested the effects of zolpidem on the hippocampus of gamma2 subunit (gamma2F77I) point mutant mice. Analysis of forebrain GABA(A) receptor expression with immunocytochemistry, quantitative [(3)H]muscimol and [(35)S] t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) autoradiography, membrane binding with [(3)H]flunitrazepam and [(3)H]muscimol, and comparison of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) parameters did not reveal any differences between homozygous gamma2I77/I77 and gamma2F77/F77 mice. However, quantitative immunoblot analysis of gamma2I77/I77 hippocampi showed some increased levels of gamma2, alpha1, alpha4 and delta subunits, suggesting that differences between strains may exist in unassembled subunit levels, but not in assembled receptors. Zolpidem (1 microm) enhanced the decay of mIPSCs in CA1 pyramidal cells of control (C57BL/6J, gamma2F77/F77) mice by approximately 60%, and peak amplitude by approximately 20% at 33-34 degrees C in vitro. The actions of zolpidem (100 nm or 1 microm) were substantially reduced in gamma2I77/I77 mice, although residual effects included a 9% increase in decay and 5% decrease in peak amplitude. Similar results were observed in CA1 stratum oriens/alveus interneurons. At network level, the effect of zolpidem (10 microm) on carbachol-induced oscillations in the CA3 area of gamma2I77/I77 mice was significantly different compared with controls. Thus, the gamma2F77I point mutation virtually abolished the actions of zolpidem on GABA(A) receptors in the hippocampus. However, some residual effects of zolpidem may involve receptors that do not contain the gamma2 subunit.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Carbachol', 'Cholinergic Agonists', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'GABA Agonists', 'Hippocampus', 'Interneurons', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Point Mutation', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Pyridines', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Zolpidem']
| 15,978,011
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.140', 'D27.505.696.577.120.140'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.200', 'D27.505.696.577.240.200'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['D03.383.725'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['D03.383.725.971']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of TRPV1 on diabetes-induced alterations in thermal pain sensitivity.
|
A common complication associated with diabetes is painful or painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The mechanisms and determinants responsible for these peripheral neuropathies are poorly understood. Using both streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and transgene-mediated murine models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we demonstrate that Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression varies with the neuropathic phenotype. We have found that both STZ- and transgene-mediated T1D are associated with two distinct phases of thermal pain sensitivity that parallel changes in TRPV1 as determined by paw withdrawal latency (PWL). An early phase of hyperalgesia and a late phase of hypoalgesia are evident. TRPV1-mediated whole cell currents are larger and smaller in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons collected from hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mice. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) binding, a measure of TRPV1 expression is increased and decreased in DRG and paw skin of hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mice, respectively. Immunohistochemical labeling of spinal cord lamina I and II, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and paw skin from hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mice reveal increased and decreased TRPV1 expression, respectively. A role for TRPV1 in thermal DPN is further suggested by the failure of STZ treatment to influence thermal nociception in TRPV1 deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that altered TRPV1 expression and function contribute to diabetes-induced changes in thermal perception.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diterpenes', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Hot Temperature', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neurons', 'Pain', 'Streptozocin', 'TRPV Cation Channels', 'Tritium']
| 18,312,687
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.901.888'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Adiponectin, leptin and thyroid hormones in patients with chronic renal failure and on renal replacement therapy: are they related?
|
BACKGROUND: Renal function affects thyroid function and adipocytokines in many ways. We aimed to assess the adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin in relation to thyroid function in patients with chronic renal failure treated conservatively, in haemodialysed patients and in kidney allograft recipients.METHODS: The study was performed on 33 patients with chronic renal failure, 64 haemodialysed patients, 54 kidney allograft recipients and 38 healthy volunteers. Thyroid volume was estimated sonographically, thyroid hormones were determined by Micropartide Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA), and serum adiponectin and leptin were assessed by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 and free T3 were within the normal range. Adiponectin correlated significantly with free T3, haematocrit, haemoglobin, platelet count, body mass index (BMI) and urea in kidney allograft recipients. In haemodialysed patients, adiponectin correlated with free T4 and TSH, whereas leptin correlated with free T3. Multiple regression analysis showed that adiponectin was independently related only to the serum concentration of free T3 and urea in kidney transplant recipients and to free T4 and adequacy of dialysis in haemodialysed patients. In univariate analysis in patients with chronic renal failure, adiponectin correlated with free T3 and platelet count, and in healthy volunteers adiponectin correlated only with free T3 and triglycerides, and leptin correlated with BMI.CONCLUSIONS: We described novel relationships between adiponectin and thyroid hormones in patients with kidney diseases. However, possible pre-existing thyroid dysfunction prior to transplantation (during dialysis therapy) and immunosuppression after transplantation make all these findings relatively complex. Therefore, the relationships between adiponectin and the thyroid axis in patients with chronic renal failure, in haemodialysed subjects or in kidney transplant recipients merit additional studies.
|
['Adiponectin', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Leptin', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Reference Values', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Renal Replacement Therapy', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Thyroid Hormones']
| 16,141,459
|
[['D06.472.699.042.249', 'D12.644.276.024.249', 'D12.644.548.011.249', 'D12.776.467.024.249', 'D23.529.024.249'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E02.870'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['D06.472.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cystic resolution: a performance metric for ultrasound imaging systems.
|
This paper describes a metric that can be used to characterize the resolution of arbitrary broadband coherent imaging systems. The metric is particularly suited to medical ultrasound because it characterizes scanner performance using the contrast obtained by imaging anechoic cysts of various sizes that are embedded in a speckle-generating background, accounting for the effect of electronic noise. We present the theoretical derivation of the metric and provide simulation examples that demonstrate its utility. We use the metric to compare a low-cost, handheld, C-scan system under development in our laboratory to conventional ultrasound scanners. We also present the results of simulations that were designed to evaluate and optimize various parameters in our system, including the f/# and apodization windows. We investigate the impact of electronic noise on our system and quantify the tradeoffs associated with quantization in the analog to digital converter. Results indicate that an f/1 receive aperture combined with 10-bit precision and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB per channel would result in adequate image quality.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Quality Control', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography']
| 17,441,587
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cancer in the offspring of parents with lung cancer.
|
Despite several studies on the role of passive smoking in the development of childhood cancer, particularly leukaemia, lymphomas and brain cancer, no definitive answer has yet been provided. The aim of the cohort study reported here was to analyse the incidence of cancer in the offspring of young lung cancer patients on the basis of the assumption that all of the offspring were exposed passively to smoke. The files of the Danish Cancer Registry provided 3348 cases of lung cancer patients born after 1935, and their offspring (n = 6417) were identified through the Danish Population Register. The files of the offspring were then linked with the files of the Danish Cancer Registry and the numbers of cancers observed in the offspring were compared with those expected from national age-specific and calendar-time-specific rates. A total of 135,333 person-years was the basis for analysis. Twenty-six cancers were observed, with 30.3 expected, yielding a standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 0.9 (90% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-1.2). There was no excess of brain tumours, leukaemias or lymphomas. Stratification for sex of the lung cancer patients revealed a non-significantly increased risk for both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (three cases; SIR = 3.4; 90% CI: 0.9-8.7) and Hodgkin's disease (three cases; SIR = 2.6; 90% CI: 0.7-6.6) in the offspring of female lung cancer patients. These results suggest that there is little evidence of an excess cancer risk in childhood, whether due to passive smoking or to as yet unidentified genetic factors, among the offspring of people who develop lung cancer. However, the results are limited by the fact that exposure was only assessed indirectly, with no measurement of actual cigarette consumption made.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child of Impaired Parents', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Risk Factors', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution']
| 9,616,284
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.106'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D20.633.937.680', 'N06.850.460.100.555']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
GAMETOPHYTE DEFECTIVE 1, a putative subunit of RNases P/MRP, is essential for female gametogenesis and male competence in Arabidopsis.
|
RNA biogenesis, including biosynthesis and maturation of rRNA, tRNA and mRNA, is a fundamental process that is critical for cell growth, division and differentiation. Previous studies showed that mutations in components involved in RNA biogenesis resulted in abnormalities in gametophyte and leaf development in Arabidopsis. In eukaryotes, RNases P/MRP (RNase mitochondrial RNA processing) are important ribonucleases that are responsible for processing of tRNA, and transcription of small non-coding RNAs. Here we report that Gametophyte Defective 1 (GAF1), a gene encoding a predicted protein subunit of RNases P/MRP, AtRPP30, plays a role in female gametophyte development and male competence. Embryo sacs were arrested at stages ranging from FG1 to FG7 in gaf1 mutant, suggesting that the progression of the gametophytic division during female gametogenesis was impaired in gaf1 mutant. In contrast, pollen development was not affected in gaf1. However, the fitness of the mutant pollen tube was weaker than that of the wild-type, leading to reduced transmission through the male gametes. GAF1 is featured as a typical RPP30 domain protein and interacts physically with AtPOP5, a homologue of RNases P/MRP subunit POP5 of yeast. Together, our data suggest that components of the RNases P/MRP family, such as RPP30, play important roles in gametophyte development and function in plants.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Autoantigens', 'Endoribonucleases', 'Gametogenesis, Plant', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Pollen', 'Protein Subunits', 'RNA', 'RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional', 'RNA, Mitochondrial', 'Ribonuclease P', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 22,509,260
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D23.050.422'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350'], ['G04.152.650.240', 'G08.686.784.310.249', 'G15.300'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G02.111.760', 'G03.839', 'G05.308.700'], ['D13.444.735.580'], ['D08.811.277.352.700.350.711', 'D08.811.797.500', 'D12.776.157.725.500.625', 'D12.776.664.962.500.625'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Variations among rheumatologists in prescribing and monitoring of disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs.
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One hundred consultant rheumatologists were sent a questionnaire on their prescribing pattern, and dose and monitoring schedules of four disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs (DMARDs). Seventy-five completed questionnaires were received. Sulphasalazine was the most popular first choice DMARD. There was general agreement on dose schedules which were similar to those recommended in the data sheets although for each drug a minority used different dose schedules. There was, however, marked variation among respondents in what was accepted as an adequate trial of therapy, in monitoring schedules and in the interpretation of results of toxicity monitoring. In many cases these practices differed significantly from the data sheet recommendations. These differences in stated practice could have financial and medicolegal as well as clinical implications.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Utilization', 'Gold Sodium Thiomalate', 'Humans', 'Penicillamine', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Rheumatology', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom']
| 1,352,723
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['D02.241.081.337.463.703.451', 'D02.691.675.500', 'D02.886.489.891.451'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.030.786', 'D12.125.166.786'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['D02.065.884.730', 'D02.886.590.700.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Induction of c-fos by prostaglandin F2 alpha in human ciliary smooth muscle cells.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the induction of the proto-oncogene c-fos in cultured human ciliary muscle cells by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) by 17-phenyltrinor-PGF 2 alpha.METHOD: Human ciliary muscle cells were grown to confluency in monolayer cell culture, placed in medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum for 5 days, treated by addition of PGF2 alpha or the trinor derivative, fixed, and then immunocytochemically stained using an antibody to c-Fos, the protein product of the translation of c-fos.RESULTS: After treatment with either agonist, the mean induction score (proportion of brightly immunostained nuclei) increased to a maximal level during the first hour and returned to basal levels 4 to 8 hours after treatment. Increasing the agonist concentration increased the maximal level, but had no effect on the time course of the response. The dose responses after 1 hour of treatment with PGF2 alpha or 17-phenyltrinor-PGF2 alpha increased similarly between 1.6 x 10(-9) M and 2 x 10(-7) M. When treated with 1 x 10(-6) M of either agonist, however, the induction was half that obtained at 2 x 10(-7) M.CONCLUSION: Exposure of ciliary smooth muscle cells to either PGF2 alpha or 17-phenyltrinor-PGF2 alpha induces an immediate early gene expression response that is similar to c-Fos induction in other cell systems. These results establish the basis for future investigations evaluating the potential role of c-fos induction in mediating the effects of PGF2 alpha on uveoscleral outflow.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Ciliary Body', 'Dinoprost', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos']
| 8,300,352
|
[['A11.251'], ['A09.371.060.160', 'A09.371.894.280'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dominant-negative subunits reveal potassium channel families that contribute to M-like potassium currents.
|
M-currents are K+ currents generated by members of the KCNQ family of K+ channels (Wang et al., 1998). However, in some cells, M-like currents may be contaminated by members of other K+ channel gene families, such as the erg family (Meves et al., 1999; Selyanko et al., 1999). In the present experiments, we have used the acute expression of pore-defective mutants of KCNQ3 (DN-KCNQ3) and Merg1a (DN-Merg1a) as dominant negatives to separate the contributions of these two families to M-like currents in NG108-15 neuroblastoma hybrid cells and rat sympathetic neurons. Two kinetically and pharmacologically separable components of M-like current could be recorded from NG108-15 cells that were individually suppressed by DN-Merg1a and DN-KCNQ3, respectively. In contrast, only DN-KCNQ3, and not DN-Merg1a, reduced currents recorded from sympathetic neurons. Pharmacological tests suggested that the residual current in DN-KCNQ3-treated sympathetic neurons was carried by residual KCNQ channels. Ineffectiveness of DN-Merg1a in sympathetic neurons was not caused by lack of expression, as judged by confocal microscopy of Flag-tagged DN-Merg1a. These results accord with previous inferences regarding the roles of erg and KCNQ channels in generating M-like currents. This experimental approach should therefore be useful in delineating the contributions of members of these two gene families to K+ currents in other cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'ERG1 Potassium Channel', 'Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Hybrid Cells', 'KCNQ3 Potassium Channel', 'Mice', 'Multigene Family', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Potassium', 'Potassium Channels', 'Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated', 'Protein Subunits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Superior Cervical Ganglion', 'Transfection']
| 11,880,533
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['A11.251.600'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.124.249.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.124.249.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.124.249.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900'], ['D12.776.813'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.340.315.350.850', 'A08.800.050.300.300.850', 'A08.800.050.800.300.850'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Irreversible inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: isolation and structural characterization of the biologically active solvolysis products of bipinnatin-A and bipinnatin-C.
|
The lophotoxins irreversibly inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by covalent modification of Tyr190 in the alpha-subunits of the receptor. Previous studies have shown that the naturally occurring lophotoxin analogs bipinnatin-A, -B, and -C are actually inactive protoxins and that their ability to irreversibly inhibit nicotinic receptors is enhanced by preincubation in buffer. However, the ability of lophotoxin to irreversibly inhibit nicotinic receptors does not appear to be enhanced by preincubation in buffer. These observations led to the current effort to isolate and determine the structures of biologically active bipinnatins. Disappearance of the lophotoxins from solution followed a simple first-order exponential decay function. Lophotoxin, however, was approximately 40-fold more stable then bipinnatin-A, -B, or -C. Solvolysis of the bipinnatins, but not of lophotoxin, resulted in production of an equimolar amount of acetic acid at a rate similar to the rate of solvolysis, suggesting that the initial event in solvolysis of these toxins involves hydrolysis of an acetate ester. Proton NMR and fast-atom bombardment mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the structures of the active solvolysis products of bipinnatin-A and -C. Their structures and the relative pH insensitivity of the solvolysis reaction suggest that biological activation of the bipinnatins may proceed through an SN1 type of substitution reaction involving elimination of acetate followed by reaction of a carbocation intermediate with solvent.
|
['Cell Line', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hydrolysis', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nicotinic Antagonists', 'Sesquiterpenes', 'Solvents', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment']
| 7,783,154
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200.700', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200.700'], ['D02.455.849.765'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.566.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and activity in Turkish patients with essential hypertension.
|
Studies in various ethnic groups have shown contradictory evidence on the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/ deletion (I/D) polymorphism with essential hypertension. We conducted a case-control study in Samsun, Turkey, to examine the association between ACE genotype, ACE serum activity, and blood pressure. Serum ACE activity was measured and ACE I/D polymorphism performed in 165 hypertensive and 143 normotensive subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR primers were flanking the polymorphic region in intron 16 of the ACE gene. The distribution of the DD, ID, and II ACE genotypes was 65, 77, and 23 in hypertensive patients and 42, 82, and 19 in normotensive subjects (P > .05). The estimated frequency of the insertion allele was 0.37 in hypertensive and 0.42 in normotensive subjects. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis, based on positive family history and severity of hypertension, suggested that significant associations existed between more homogeneous groups of hypertensives and normotensives (P < .05). ACE genotype influenced ACE activity and the highest level was in DD genotype, being the lowest in II genotype. ACE serum levels were significantly higher in hypertensives as compared with normotensives (P < .01). A modest correlation was observed between blood pressure and ACE among hypertensive persons (r = 0.25, P < .05) and this did persist in multivariate analysis (P < .05 for systolic blood pressure and P < .005 for diastolic blood pressure). These data suggest that ACE DD genotype may have predisposing effects on severe hypertensives and cases with positive family history, and that ACE may be one of the independent factors on hypertension.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 10,560,791
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
In-vitro activity of meropenem, a new carbapenem, against imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas maltophilia.
|
The activity of meropenem, a new carbapenem, as well as imipenem, ceftazidime, aztreonam, tobramycin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin against 18 strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia and 23 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to imipenem was tested. All strains of X. maltophilia were resistant to both penems. Ceftazidime, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin were the most active antimicrobial agents against this specie. 17% of imipenem-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were sensitive to meropenem. Ciprofloxacin, amikacin and aztreonam were the most effective agents against these strains.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Imipenem', 'Meropenem', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Thienamycins', 'Xanthomonas']
| 1,919,651
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.500', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.750', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.750'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300'], ['B03.440.400.425.967.930', 'B03.660.250.915.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Role of Wheat and Egg Constituents in the Formation of a Covalent and Non-covalent Protein Network in Fresh and Cooked Egg Noodles.
|
Noodles of constant protein content and flour-to-egg protein ratio were made with whole egg, egg white, or egg yolk. The optimal cooking time, water absorption, and cooking loss of salted whole egg noodles was respectively lower and higher than of egg white and egg yolk noodles. However, cooked whole egg noodles showed the best Kieffer-rig extensibility. Differences in noodle properties were linked to protein network formation. Disulfide bonds in whole egg noodles developed faster and to a larger extent during cooking than in egg yolk noodles but slower and to a lower extent than in egg white noodles. The balance between the rate of protein cross-linking and starch swelling determines cooked noodle properties. Ionic and hydrophobic protein interactions increase the optimum cooking time and total work in Kieffer-rig extensibility testing of fresh noodles. Hydrogen bonds and covalent cross-links are probably the main determinants of the extensibility of cooked noodles.
|
['Albumins', 'Animals', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Chickens', 'Cooking', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Egg White', 'Egg Yolk', 'Eggs', 'Flour', 'Food Analysis', 'Globulins', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Weight', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Starch', 'Triticum']
| 27,875,617
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['G07.203.300.470.700', 'J02.500.470.700'], ['A16.690.325', 'G07.203.300.470.800', 'J02.500.470.800'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['D12.776.377'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.409'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.494'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biosorption of lead(II) from aqueous solution by lactic acid bacteria.
|
The biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus brevis, was studied. The effects of initial pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, bacterial concentration, rotation speed and temperature of biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The optimal condition for Pb2+ ions adsorption was observed at pH 6, with the rotational speed of 120 rpm.min-1, bacterial concentration of 3 g.L-1, temperature of 40 °C and contact time of 12 h. The correlation regression coefficients showed that the biosorption process can be well fitted with the Redlich-Peterson, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 53.632 mg.g-1. Binding energy value was 0.264 kJ/mol, which indicated that the adsorption process seemed to involve chemisorption and physisorption. Kinetics of adsorption was found to fit well with the pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic equations. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the feasibility, spontaneity and endothermic nature of adsorption.
|
['Adsorption', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Lactobacillales', 'Lead', 'Solutions', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 30,975,929
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B03.353.750', 'B03.510.550'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.906'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Discovery of Biomarker Panels for Neural Dysfunction in Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism.
|
Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism frequently show neuropsychiatric symptoms despite accurate metabolic control. This study aimed to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of neural dysfunction. Here we analyzed the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 10 genes required for correct brain functioning in plasma and blood of patients with Urea Cycle Disorders (UCD), Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) and controls. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of potential biomarkers. CACNA2D2 (á2ä2 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) and MECP2 (methyl-CpG binding protein 2) mRNA and protein showed an excellent neural function biomarker signature (AUC ? 0,925) for recognition of MSUD. THBS3 (thrombospondin 3) mRNA and AABA gave a very good biomarker signature (AUC 0,911) for executive-attention deficits. THBS3, LIN28A mRNA, and alanine showed a perfect biomarker signature (AUC 1) for behavioral and mood disorders. Finally, a panel of BDNF protein and at least two large neural AAs showed a perfect biomarker signature (AUC 1) for recognition of psychomotor delay, pointing to excessive protein restriction as central causative of psychomotor delay. To conclude, our study has identified promising biomarker panels for neural function evaluation, providing a base for future studies with larger samples.
|
['Adolescent', 'Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Synapses']
| 31,235,756
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C16.320.565.100', 'C18.452.648.100'], ['D23.101'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of persimmon leaf extract: Optimization and bioavailability studies.
|
In current study, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf extract (PLE) was developed and characterized to compare its in vitro dissolution and relative bioavailability with commercially available tablets (Naoxinqing tablets). Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed by phase diagram by micro plate dilution (PDMPD) method, of which the evaluation method was improved to use Multiskan Ascent for identifying turbidity. The formulation of PLE-loaded SNEDDS was optimized by an extreme vertices experimental design. The optimized nanoemulsion formulation, loading with 44.48 mg/g PLE total flavonoids, consisted of Cremophor EL, Transcutol P, Labrafil M 1944 CS (56:34:10, w/w), and it remained stable after storing at 40°C, 25°C, 4°C for at least 6 months. When diluted with water, the SNEDDS droplet size was 34.85 nm and the zeta potential was -6.18 mV. Compared with the commercial tablets, the AUC of both quercetin and kaempferol, which are representative active flavonoids of PLE, was increased by 1.5-fold and 1.6-fold respectively following oral administration of PLE-loaded SNEDDS in fasting beagle dogs. These results indicate that SNEDDS is a promising drug delivery system for increasing the oral bioavailability of PLE.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Diospyros', 'Dogs', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Stability', 'Drug Storage', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Emulsions', 'Hydrolysis', 'Kaempferols', 'Nanoparticles', 'Nanotechnology', 'Particle Size', 'Plant Leaves', 'Quercetin', 'Solubility', 'Tablets', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical', 'Temperature']
| 21,884,770
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.916.350'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['G02.380'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.388', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.388'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G02.712'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['G02.805'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of atropine on vascular adrenergic neuroeffector transmission.
|
Atropine, homatropine, scopolamine, procaine, lidocaine and phentolamine inhibited the contractile response of rabbit isolated pulmonary artery elicited by electrical-field stimulation. Methylatropine had no effect. The inhibition induced by atropine (2 x 10(-6)-2 x 10(-4) M) had a rapid onset of action and then remained almost constant. The inhibition was slowly reversible. The potency of atropine as an inhibitor of responses to field stimulation was very much less than the potency of phentolamine. The inhibition was not antagonized by cocaine or (+)-amphetamine. Atropine (3 x 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-4) M) enhanced the electrical-field-stimulation-induced outflow of tritium from the pulmonary artery preloaded with 3H-(-)-noradrenaline. In contrast, atropine in a concentration-dependent manner either had no effect or slightly decreased the tyramine-induced outflow of tritium. Atropine reduced the contractile response of the pulmonary artery evoked by tyramine. Atropine (10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4) M) and phentolamine inhibited the arterial contractions elicited by exogenous (-)-noradrenaline in an apparently competitive manner. The contractions of rabbit isolated aorta elicited by (-)-noradrenaline, serotonin and histamine were inhibited by atropine (10(-5) and 10(-4) M). Atropine was very much less potent in antagonizing noradrenaline, histamine and serotonin than in antagonizing acetylcholine. tthe inhibotory potency of atropine, procaine and lidocaine on the accumulation of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline by rabbit aorta in vitro was much less than that of cocaine. The relationship between the aortic concentration of 3H-atropine and in vitro accumulation was almost linear. The accumulation was slightly higher at 37 degrees C than at 1 degree C. The results suggest that atropine blocks alpha-adrenoceptors, both presynaptically at the adrenergic neurone terminals and postsynaptically at the smooth muscle. In addition, atropine may possibly act in a nonspecific manner at postsynaptic sites.
|
['Amphetamine', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Atropine', 'Cocaine', 'Drug Antagonism', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Norepinephrine', 'Phentolamine', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Adrenergic', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Scopolamine', 'Tropanes', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 199,296
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.110'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['G07.690.773.968.310'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D03.383.129.308.754'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['D02.145.074.722.822.775', 'D03.132.760.180.848', 'D03.132.889.601.775', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822.775', 'D03.605.869.822.775'], ['D02.145.074.722', 'D03.132.889', 'D03.605.084.500.722', 'D03.605.869'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Studies on the efficient dual performance of Mn1-x
|
The present work describes the successful synthesize of spinel magnetic ferrite Mn1-xNixFe2O4 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) nanoparticles via a simple microwave combustion method which was then evaluated for its photocatalytic activity in the degradation of indigo carmine (IC) synthetic dye, a major water pollutant. Our results reveal that the synthesized of Ni2+ doped MnFe2O4 nanoparticles possess well-crystalline pure cubic spinel phase, exhibit excellent optical and magnetic properties. Further, the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanoparticles at different concentration ratios of Ni2+ ions was monitored by photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine synthetic dye under UV (ë=365nm) light irradiation. In order to get maximum photocatalytic degradation (PCD) efficiency, we have optimized various parameters, which include catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and Ni2+ dopant content. It was found that the reaction was facilitated with optimum catalyst dose of 50mg/100mL, high dye concentrations of 150mg/L and acidic pH and among all the synthesized samples, Mn0·5Ni0.5Fe2O4 exhibit superior performance of photocatalytic activity on the degradation of indigo carmine synthetic dye. These results highlighted the potential use of effective, low-cost and easily available photocatalysts for the promotion of wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. In addition, the antibacterial activity of spinel magnetic Mn1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles against two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) was also examined. Our antibacterial activity results are comparable with the results obtained using the antibiotic, streptomycin.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Luminescence', 'Magnetics', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Photolysis', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 27,776,260
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665', 'G01.590.540.665', 'G01.750.250.650.665', 'G01.750.770.578.665'], ['H01.671.493'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G02.740.685'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Relationship of polymedication in controlling blood pressure: compliance, persistence, costs and incidence of new cardiovascular events].
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of polypharmacy on blood pressure (BP) control, compliance, persistence, the cost and incidence of cardiovascular events (CVD) in patients with moderate/severe hypertension.PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational multicenter retrospective study. We evaluated patients > 30 years who started a third antihypertensive treatment during 2004-2006. Depending on the number of chronic medications, we established 3 groups: regular consumption of 3-6 drugs, including between 7-10 and ? 11. Top-measures: sociodemographic, comorbidity, BP, compliance and persistence. For each group we determined the incidence of new CVD totals and total costs.RESULTS: We evaluated 1,906 patients, 765 between 3-6 drugs, 624 between 7-10 and 517 in ? 11 (P<.001). Overage age: 69.4 years and 55.5% women. The group of 3-6 drugs showed better BP control (51.8 vs. 47.0 and 41.1%, P<.001), compliance (71.4 vs. 69.9 and 67.1%, P=.017), persistence (50.1 vs. 45.5 and 46.2%, P=.044) and lower incidence of CVD (12.2 vs. 19.7 and 30.2%, P<.001), respectively. The average/unit total costs was 3,369.1 vs. 4,362.1 and € 4,902.3 (P<.001). The presence of CVD was associated with therapy noncompliance (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.1 to 3.6) and controlled by the lower BP control (OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.1-2.0) (P < .05). The use of antihypertensive fixed dose has greater compliance (72.8 vs. 68.2%), persistence (64.4 vs. 39.3%) and degree of BP control (52.6 vs. 43, 8%) (p<.001).CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy is associated with lower compliance and persistence to antihypertensive treatment, cardiovascular disease and increased health care costs.
|
['Absenteeism', 'Aged', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Comorbidity', 'Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Drug Resistance', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Resources', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Economic', 'Office Visits', 'Patient Compliance', 'Polypharmacy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Spain', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,766,057
|
[['F02.784.692.107'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E01.370.395'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E02.319.310'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['N04.452.758.635'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E02.319.698'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Non-conventional antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with clinical obstetrical APS: Prevalence and treatment efficacy in pregnancies.
|
OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of non-conventional APL in patients with obstetrical APS without conventional APL and the impact of treatment on pregnancy outcome.METHODS: Patients with clinical obstetrical criteria were tested for anti-phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE) IgG/M, anti-prothrombin/phosphatidylserine (anti-PS/PT) IgG/M, and anti-annexin V IgG. Pregnancy losses rates were compared between APS, non-conventional APS, and non-APL and in untreated pregnancies to treated ones for each group.RESULTS: Using the cutoffs (ROC), 65/96 (68%) patients have been considered as non-conventional APS and compared to 83 APS and 31 patients without APL. The obstetrical history in non-conventional APS did not differ in comparison to confirmed APS. The frequencies of anti-annexin V IgG antibodies tended to be more frequent in non-conventional APS (88% versus 73%; p = 0.06), and those of anti-PE IgG and M were similar. The anti-PS/PT IgG and M antibodies were more frequent in confirmed APS than in non-conventional APS (63% and 37% versus 4% and 5%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Overall, 261 pregnancies in patients with non-conventional APS were compared with 81 pregnancies of confirmed APS and 132 pregnancies from non-APL group. Out of 474, 136 (29%) patients have been treated during pregnancies, and treatment significantly increased the rate of live birth (26% in untreated versus 72% in treated pregnancies, p < 0.0001). In univariate analyses, treatment effect on pregnancy losses was similar in patients with APS and non-conventional APS, with odds ratio at 3.3 (95% CI: 1.8-6.1) and 6.9 (95% CI: 3.9-12.3) (p = 0.49) and significantly more important for the 2 APS groups pooled versus non-APL group [OR at 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.5) for non-APL group versus 5.3 (95% CI: 3.5-8.1) for APS groups, p = 0.0025].CONCLUSION: In this study, 68% of patients with clinical criteria for obstetrical APS seronegative for conventional APL have non-conventional APL. These patients have a significant decrement of pregnancy losses if they receive treatment for APS during their pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Antiphospholipid', 'Anticoagulants', 'Antiphospholipid Syndrome', 'Aspirin', 'Female', 'Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prevalence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,432,776
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C20.111.197'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D09.698.373.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Heat damage of cytoskeleton in erythrocytes increases membrane roughness and cell rigidity.
|
The intensity of erythrocyte membrane fluctuations was studied by laser interference microscopy (LIM), which provide information about mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study erythrocyte surface relief; it is related to the cytoskeleton structure of erythrocyte membrane. Intact human erythrocytes and erythrocytes with a destroyed cytoskeleton were used. According to the obtained results, cytoskeleton damage induced by heating up to 50 °? results in a reduced intensity of cell membrane fluctuations compared to non-treated cells (20.6 ± 10.2 vs. 30.5 ± 5.5 nm, correspondingly), while the roughness of the membrane increases (4.5 ± 1.5 vs. 3.4 ± 0.5 nm, correspondingly).
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Erythrocytes', 'Hot Temperature', 'Mechanical Phenomena']
| 31,758,351
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G01.374']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Our experience in the surgical management of bull horn vascular injuries].
|
Vascular trauma caused by bull horn injuries can be regarded as a subgroup of vascular traumatology, due to its particular etiology, mechanism of action, associated injuries and surgical management. In this paper, the authors report their experience in the management of 56 such injuries, for the last 20 years, analysing the annual frequency (more common in summer time), the nature of the injury, the most commonly affected vessels and the surgical reconstruction or revascularization methods employed. The quality of results are discussed according some variable, such as is the case of the precocity of the repair, the degree of contamination, the occurence of post operative infections and the nature of the reconstructive or revascularization method employed. Finnaly, a comparison with similar reports already published in the literature is made.
|
['Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Blood Vessels', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 19,305,882
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['A07.015'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
How do people with chronic kidney disease value cancer-related quality of life?
|
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the utility-based quality of life (QOL) of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to estimate the QOL associated with two hypothetical colorectal cancer health states.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in people with CKD (stages 3-5, transplant recipients and those on dialysis) from three centres in Sydney, Australia. We measured participants' own QOL and that of two hypothetical colorectal cancer health states using a rating scale, and a utility-based QOL measure, the time trade-off, with extremes of 0 (death) and 1 (full health).RESULTS: Recipients of kidney transplants (n=79) had the highest mean QOL weights of 0.79 (standard deviation (SD)=0.34) compared with participants with CKD 3-5 (n=53) with mean QOL weights of 0.70 (SD=0.39), and those on dialysis (n=89), who had the lowest mean QOL weights of 0.62 (SD=0.41) (P=0.02). Having early and advanced stage colorectal cancers were valued at mean QOL weights of 0.44 (SD=0.41) and 0.12 (SD=0.25) among people with moderate stage CKD; 0.45 (SD=0.39) and 0.11 (SD=0.24) among dialysis patients; 0.62 (SD=0.36) and 0.18 (SD=0.29) among kidney transplant recipients.CONCLUSIONS: People with CKD have poor QOL. Having coexistent illnesses such as cancer further reduces the overall well-being of individuals with kidney disease. In addition to the development of effective screening and treatment programs to improve cancer outcomes in people with CKD, our study also highlights the need for effective interventions to improve the QOL in people with CKD, particularly those with major comorbidities like cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Australia', 'Chronic Disease', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Value of Life']
| 22,017,753
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.730', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.730', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.730'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['K01.752.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Alcohol and statistics of causes of death in middle-aged men in Oslo. A forensic study].
|
The study comprised male citizens of Oslo, aged 30-64 years, who died outside hospital and were autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Rikshopsitalet, from 1984 to 1988. Of the 636 cases, 195 (30.7%) were classified as alcoholics and 441 as non-alcoholics. The cause of death remained unknown after autopsy and toxicological analyses in 17.4% of the alcoholics and in 5.4% of the non-alcoholics. Suicide by other methods than medicamental poisoning was 6-7 times more frequent among non-alcoholics than among alcoholics, while death from poisoning was definitely more common among alcoholics. The frequency of lethal accidents other than intoxications was similar in both cases. Coronary heart disease was the cause of 72.7% of the natural deaths among the non-alcoholics. Among the alcoholics, however, infections (24.3%) and alcohol-related disorders (15.9%) caused nearly as many deaths as coronary heart disease (25.3%). There was a high rate of blood-alcohol concentration (greater than or equal to 0.5%) in men who died from accidents, suicides and homicides, irrespective of whether they were alcoholics or not. The findings give evidence that alcohol has a strong impact on the mortality statistics for Norwegian middle-aged men.
|
['Accidents', 'Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Cause of Death', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Suicide']
| 2,339,381
|
[['N06.850.135'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Zebrafish trilobite identifies new roles for Strabismus in gastrulation and neuronal movements.
|
Embryonic morphogenesis is driven by a suite of cell behaviours, including coordinated shape changes, cellular rearrangements and individual cell migrations, whose molecular determinants are largely unknown. In the zebrafish, Dani rerio, trilobite mutant embryos have defects in gastrulation movements and posterior migration of hindbrain neurons. Here, we have used positional cloning to demonstrate that trilobite mutations disrupt the transmembrane protein Strabismus (Stbm)/Van Gogh (Vang), previously associated with planar cell polarity (PCP) in Drosophila melanogaster, and PCP and canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signalling in vertebrates. Our genetic and molecular analyses argue that during gastrulation, trilobite interacts with the PCP pathway without affecting canonical Wnt signalling. Furthermore, trilobite may regulate neuronal migration independently of PCP molecules. We show that trilobite mediates polarization of distinct movement behaviours. During gastrulation convergence and extension movements, trilobite regulates mediolateral cell polarity underlying effective intercalation and directed dorsal migration at increasing velocities. In the hindbrain, trilobite controls effective migration of branchiomotor neurons towards posterior rhombomeres. Mosaic analyses show trilobite functions cell-autonomously and non-autonomously in gastrulae and the hindbrain. We propose Trilobite/Stbm mediates cellular interactions that confer directionality on distinct movements during vertebrate embryogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Gastrula', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Neurons', 'Signal Transduction', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 12,105,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A16.441'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Algae as an electron donor promoting sulfate reduction for the bioremediation of acid rock drainage.
|
This study assessed bioremediation of acid rock drainage in simulated permeable reactive barriers (PRB) using algae, Chlorella sorokiniana, as the sole electron donor for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Lipid extracted algae (LEA), the residues of biodiesel production, were compared with whole cell algae (WCA) as an electron donor to promote sulfate-reducing activity. Inoculated columns containing anaerobic granular sludge were fed a synthetic medium containing H2SO4 and Cu(2+). Sulfate, sulfide, Cu(2+) and pH were monitored throughout the experiment of 123d. Cu recovered in the column packing at the end of the experiment was evaluated using sequential extraction. Both WCA and LEA promoted 80% of sulfate removal (12.7mg SO4(2-) d(-1)) enabling near complete Cu removal (>99.5%) and alkalinity generation raising the effluent pH to 6.5. No noteworthy sulfate reduction, alkalinity formation and Cu(2+) removal were observed in the endogenous control. In algae amended-columns, Cu(2+) was precipitated with biogenic H2S produced by sulfate reduction. Formation of CuS was evidenced by sequential extraction and X-ray diffraction. LEA and WCA provided similar levels of electron donor based on the COD balance. The results demonstrate an innovative passive remediation system using residual algae biomass from the biodiesel industry.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis', 'Bioreactors', 'Chlorella', 'Copper', 'Electrons', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Sulfates', 'Sulfides', 'Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Purification']
| 27,318,730
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.500', 'N06.850.780.375.349'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['B01.650.940.150.469'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['B03.900'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Relative and absolute changes of activated platelets, microparticles and platelet aggregates after activation in vitro.
|
Standard flow cytometers provide relative numbers of activated platelets, microparticles, and platelet aggregates. With fluorescent beads it is now possible to determine absolute numbers. Whole blood and platelet-rich plasma were incubated with agonists (ADP, collagen, thrombin). CD62p expression, microparticle and platelet aggregate formation were measured. Flow-Count Fluorospheres((R)) were added to calculate absolute concentrations. After activation there was an increase in the percentage of CD62p-positive platelets. However, the total number of platelets decreased and therefore the absolute number of CD62p-positive platelets did not increase but decreased. The number of CD62p-positive platelets decreased not as much as the number of CD62p-negative platelets, which explains why the relative percentage of CD62p-positive platelets increased. A similar increase in percent and decrease in absolute counts was found for microparticles. Platelet aggregates increased both in relative and absolute numbers. These results suggest that the detection of activated platelets by flow cytometry has to be complemented by the determination of the absolute concentrations to avoid misinterpretation.
|
['Blood Platelets', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hemostatics', 'Humans', 'P-Selectin', 'Platelet Activation', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Thrombin']
| 10,461,010
|
[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D27.505.954.502.270.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.395.550.625.905', 'D12.776.503.843.775', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.543.550.625.905', 'D23.050.301.350.700.775'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of striatal ÄFosB in l-Dopa-induced dyskinesias of parkinsonian nonhuman primates.
|
Long-term dopamine (DA) replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements known as l-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). The transcription factor ÄFosB that is highly up-regulated in the striatum following chronic l-Dopa exposure may participate in the mechanisms of altered neuronal responses to DA generating LID. To identify intrinsic effects of elevated ÄFosB on l-Dopa responses, we induced transgenic ÄFosB overexpression in the striatum of parkinsonian nonhuman primates kept na?ve of l-Dopa treatment. Elevated ÄFosB levels led to consistent appearance of LID since the initial acute l-Dopa tests. In line with this motor response, striatal projection neurons (SPNs) responded to DA with changes in firing frequency that reversed at the peak of the motor response, and these unstable SPN activity changes in response to DA are typically associated with the emergence of LID. Transgenic ÄFosB overexpression also induced up-regulation of other molecular markers of LID. These results support an autonomous role of striatal ÄFosB in the adaptive mechanisms altering motor responses to chronic DA replacement in PD.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Levodopa', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Male', 'Neostriatum', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Up-Regulation']
| 31,455,727
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.228.662.262.500', 'C10.597.350.275', 'C10.720.312', 'C23.888.592.350.275', 'C25.100.750', 'C25.723.705.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.092.311.200.480', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.480', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.500', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nursing home food services linked with risk of malnutrition.
|
PURPOSE: Links between food service characteristics and residents' risk of malnutrition were examined.METHODS: Cognitively intact residents meeting inclusion criteria and living in one of 38 participating nursing homes were randomly sampled. The final sample consisted of 132 residents, who were screened for risk of malnutrition and completed a face-to-face interview questionnaire about dining experiences. Additional data came from participants' medical charts, and each institution's food service manager completed a written questionnaire. Frequencies and logistic regressions were used to describe the sample and to examine relationships between risk of malnutrition and food service characteristics.RESULTS: Overall, 37.4% of participants were at risk of malnutrition. Food service factors, including food packages, lids, and dishes that were difficult to manipulate (b=0.285, p=0.009), bulk food-delivery systems (b=1.329, p=0.036), overall food satisfaction (b=0.253, p=0.044), menu cycle length (b=-2.162, p=0.003), and porcelain dishes (b=-0.345, p=0.052), all were significantly associated with risk of malnutrition.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings clearly show a need for nursing homes to modify certain aspects of food service that may increase the risk of malnutrition among cognitively intact residents.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Food Service, Hospital', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malnutrition', 'Menu Planning', 'Nursing Homes', 'Nutritional Status', 'Risk Assessment']
| 17,346,371
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['J01.576.423.500.300', 'N02.278.216.500.968.374', 'N02.421.242.472', 'N04.452.442.452.422.374'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.521'], ['J01.576.423.500.500', 'N02.421.242.472.310'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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