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Conserved Glu-47 and Lys-50 residues are critical for UDP-N
|
Nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) regulate the flux of activated sugars from the cytosol into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus where glycosyltransferases use them for the modification of proteins, lipids, and proteoglycans. It has been well-established that NSTs are antiporters that exchange nucleotide sugars with the respective nucleoside monophosphate. Nevertheless, information about the molecular basis of ligand recognition and transport is scarce. Here, using topology predictors, cysteine-scanning mutagenesis, expression of GFP-tagged protein variants, and phenotypic complementation of the yeast strain Kl3, we identified residues involved in the activity of a mouse UDP-GlcNAc transporter, murine solute carrier family 35 member A3 (mSlc35a3). We specifically focused on the putative transmembrane helix 2 (TMH2) and observed that cells expressing E47C or K50C mSlc35a3 variants had lower levels of GlcNAc-containing glycoconjugates than WT cells, indicating impaired UDP-GlcNAc transport activity of these two variants. A conservative substitution analysis revealed that single or double substitutions of Glu-47 and Lys-50 do not restore GlcNAc glycoconjugates. Analysis of mSlc35a3 and its genetic variants reconstituted into proteoliposomes disclosed the following: (i) all variants act as UDP-GlcNAc/UMP antiporters; (ii) conservative substitutions (E47D, E47Q, K50R, or K50H) impair UDP-GlcNAc uptake; and (iii) substitutions of Glu-47 and Lys-50 dramatically alter kinetic parameters, consistent with a critical role of these two residues in mSlc35a3 function. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that an EXXK motif in TMH2 is highly conserved across SLC35 A subfamily members, and a 3D-homology model predicted that Glu-47 and Lys-50 are facing the central cavity of the protein.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Ion Transport', 'Lysine', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sequence Homology', 'Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIc', 'Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine', 'Uridine Monophosphate']
| 31,118,275
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['G03.143.500'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.750.750.750.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.625.750.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.704.500', 'D12.776.157.648.500.750.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.750.750.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.625.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.829.500'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.600.677.120', 'D09.408.620.569.727.120', 'D13.695.740.850.600.677.120', 'D13.695.827.708.727.120', 'D13.695.827.919.600.677.120'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.877', 'D13.695.740.850.877', 'D13.695.827.919.877']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Nanoparticle (star polymer) delivery of nitric oxide effectively negates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation.
|
Biofilms are increasingly recognized as playing a major role in human infectious diseases, as they can form on both living tissues and abiotic surfaces, with serious implications for applications that rely on prolonged exposure to the body such as implantable biomedical devices or catheters. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved therapeutics to effectively eradicate unwanted biofilms. Recently, the biological signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) was identified as a key regulator of dispersal events in biofilms. In this paper, we report a new class of core cross-linked star polymers designed to store and release nitric oxide, in a controlled way, for the dispersion of biofilms. First, core cross-linked star polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) via an arm first approach. Poly(oligoethylene methoxy acrylate) chains were synthesized by RAFT polymerization, and then chain extended in the presence of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone monomer (VDM) with N,N-methylenebis(acrylamide) employed as a cross-linker to yield functional core cross-linked star polymers. Spermine was successfully attached to the star core by reaction with VDM. Finally, the secondary amine groups were reacted with NO gas to yield NO-core cross-linked star polymers. The core cross-linked star polymers were found to release NO in a controlled, slow delivery in bacterial cultures showing great efficacy in preventing both cell attachment and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa over time via a nontoxic mechanism, confining bacterial growth to the suspended liquid.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biofilms', 'Drug Carriers', 'Kinetics', 'Methacrylates', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Nanoparticles', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Polyethylenes', 'Polymerization', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 24,915,286
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550', 'D05.750.716.507', 'D25.720.716.507', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507'], ['G02.750'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Resistance to Melampsora larici-epitea leaf rust in Salix: analyses of quantitative trait loci.
|
Quantitative resistance of Salix to Melampsora larici-epitea leaf rust was studied in 2 Salix mapping populations. One population was a backcross between a S. schwerinii x S. viminalis hybrid and S. viminalis, and the other was an F2 population between S. viminalis and S. dasyclados. A leaf disc bioassay was used to study the components of quantitative resistance (latent period, uredinia number, and uredinia size) to 3 isolates of the leaf rust. The analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed 9 genomic regions in the backcross population and 7 genomic regions in the F2 population that were important for rust resistance, with QTLs explaining 8-26% of the phenotypic variation. An important genomic region was identified for the backcross population in linkage group 2, where QTLs were identified for all resistance components for 2 of the rust isolates. Four of the QTLs had overlapping mapping intervals, demonstrating a common genetic background for latent period, uredinia diameter, and uredinia number. QTLs specific to some rust isolates and to some resistance components were also found, indicating a combination of common and specific mechanisms involved in the various resistance components. Breeding implications in relation to these findings are discussed.
|
['Basidiomycota', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Salix']
| 19,029,679
|
[['B01.300.179'], ['G12.450.564'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.875.833']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Muscle recruitment variations during wrist flexion exercise: MR evaluation.
|
OBJECTIVE: Many exercise protocols used in physiological studies assume homogeneous and diffuse muscle recruitment. To test this assumption during a "standard" wrist flexion protocol, variations in muscle recruitment were assessed using MRI in eight healthy subjects.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Variations were assessed by comparing the right to the left forearms and the effect of slight (15 degrees) pronation or supination at the wrist.RESULTS: Postexercise imaging showed focal regions of increased signal intensity (SI), indicating relatively strong recruitment, most often in entire muscles, although occasionally only in subvolumes of muscles. In 15 of 26 studies, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) showed more SI than flexor carpi ulnaris, while in 11 studies SI in these muscles increased equivalently. Relatively greater FCR recruitment was seen during pronation and/or use of the nondominant side. Palmaris longus, a wrist flexor, did not appear recruited in 4 of 11 forearms in which it was present. A portion of the superficial finger flexor became hyperintense in 89% of studies, while recruitment of the deep finger flexor was seen only in 43%.CONCLUSION: Inter- and intraindividual variations in forearm muscle recruitment should be anticipated in physiological studies of standard wrist flexion exercise protocols.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Physical Exertion', 'Pronation', 'Supination', 'Wrist Joint']
| 8,188,915
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G11.427.410.698.840'], ['G11.427.410.698.920'], ['A02.835.583.405.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of sodium hypochlorite on typical biofilms formed in drinking water distribution systems.
|
Human health and biological safety problems resulting from urban drinking water pipe network biofilms pollution have attracted wide concern. Despite the inclusion of residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems supplies, the bacterium is a recalcitrant human pathogen capable of forming biofilms on pipe walls and causing health risks. Typical drinking water bacterial biofilms and their response to different concentrations of chlorination was monitored. The results showed that the four bacteria all formed single biofilms susceptible to sodium hypochlorite. After 30 min disinfection, biomass and cultivability decreased with increasing concentration of disinfectant but then increased in high disinfectant doses. PMA-qPCR results indicated that it resulted in little cellular damage. Flow cytometry analysis showed that with increasing doses of disinfectant, the numbers of clusters increased and the sizes of clusters decreased. Under high disinfectant treatment, EPS was depleted by disinfectant and about 0.5-1 mg/L of residual chlorine seemed to be appropriate for drinking water treatment. This research provides an insight into the EPS protection to biofilms. Resistance of biofilms against high levels of chlorine has implications for the delivery of drinking water.
|
['Bacteria', 'Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Biofilms', 'Disinfectants', 'Disinfection', 'Drinking Water', 'Flavobacterium', 'Klebsiella', 'Pseudomonas', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Sphingomonas', 'Water Purification', 'Water Supply']
| 28,362,303
|
[['B03'], ['G06.099'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['B03.440.080.190.250', 'B03.440.400.425.310.250'], ['B03.440.450.425.425', 'B03.660.250.150.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D01.210.465.800', 'D01.650.550.400.800', 'D01.857.750'], ['B03.440.400.425.750', 'B03.660.050.800.750'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of ampicillin plus gentamicin vs. penicillin plus gentamicin in empiric treatment of neonates at risk of early onset sepsis.
|
AIM: We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of ampicillin (AMP) vs. penicillin (PEN) both combined with gentamicin in the empirical treatment of neonates at risk of early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS).METHODS: We performed an open label cluster randomized equivalence study in both Estonian neonatal intensive care units, including neonates with suspected EOS, aged less than 72 h. Primary end-point was clinical failure rate, expressed by need for change of antibiotic regimen within 72 h and/or 7-day all cause mortality. Bowel colonization was followed with biweekly perineal swab cultures.RESULTS: Incidence of proven EOS was 4.9%. Among neonates receiving AMP (n = 142) or PEN (n = 141) change of antibiotic regimen within 72 h (10/142 vs. 10/141; OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.40-2.59), 7-day mortality (11/142 vs. 14/141; OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.33-1.75) and over-all treatment failure (20/142 vs. 20/141; OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.52-1.97) occurred at similar rates. The only differences in gut colonization were lower number of patients colonised with enterococci, S. aureus and AMP resistant Acinetobacter spp. in AMP and lower number of those with S. haemolyticus and S. hominis in PEN arm.CONCLUSIONS: AMP and PEN combined with gentamicin have similar effectiveness in the empiric treatment of suspected neonatal EOS.
|
['Age of Onset', 'Ampicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Estonia', 'Female', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Intestines', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Penicillins', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sepsis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,096,030
|
[['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E02.319.310'], ['Z01.542.248.136.360'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['A03.556.124'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Impaired concentration due to frontal lobe damage from two distinct lesion sites.
|
BACKGROUND: Investigations of cognitive deficits after frontal lobe damage have commonly relied on multidimensional tests and relatively coarse specification of lesion anatomy. Some form of impairment in attention is often asserted to cause the revealed deficits.OBJECTIVE: To describe a disorder of attention in patients with frontal damage using a theoretical model of the fundamental cognitive processes that underlie attention.METHODS: The ability to perform a task of concentrated responding was studied in 43 patients with well-defined chronic frontal lesions and 38 control subjects using a continuous reaction time (RT) test. Performance measures were mean RT, RT across blocks of the test, and errors. Lesion measures were coarse localization and a hot-spot analysis to detect finer grained lesion effects.RESULTS: Only patients with lesions in the right superomedial (SM) frontal regions had significantly prolonged RT consistently across the entire test. The critical lesion was in Brodmann's areas 24, 32, 9, and 46 days and in the adjacent corpus callosum. Patients with lesions in left lateral frontal (LL) regions made significantly more errors on the 20% of trials in the first block. The critical lesion was in areas 44, 45, and 47/12.CONCLUSION: Concentrating attention to respond is affected by lesions in two different frontal regions for reasons that reflect impairments in different cognitive processes. Right superomedial lesions cause an insufficient energizing of attention to respond. Left lateral lesions cause defective setting of specific stimulus-response contingencies. Constrained tests of attention can demonstrate impairments in specific cognitive operations following lesions to different regions of the frontal lobes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Attention', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Brain Injuries', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reaction Time']
| 16,116,118
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.612'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Scedosporium prolificans sclerokeratitis.
|
BACKGROUND: The fungus Scedosporium prolificans was first described as a human pathogen in 1984, and has been associated with metastatic endophthalmitis and one previously reported case of sclerokeratitis.METHODS: We report a case of S. prolificans sclerokeratitis in the setting of late scleral necrosis complicating pterygium surgery with adjunctive beta-irradiation.RESULTS: A poor clinical response to topical natamycin and amphotericin B, and systemic itraconazole and ketoconazole was encountered. Enucleation was required, with subsequent microbiological cure. Pathological correlation is described.CONCLUSIONS: S. prolificans infections often respond poorly to medical therapy. Early surgical intervention is indicated in culture-proven scleritis due to Scedosporium prolificans.
|
['Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Eye Infections, Fungal', 'Humans', 'Keratitis', 'Male', 'Mycetoma', 'Necrosis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pterygium', 'Scleritis']
| 7,818,880
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E04.540.429'], ['C01.150.703.320', 'C01.375.450', 'C11.294.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.204.564'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.692.500', 'C01.150.252.819.557', 'C01.150.703.302.500', 'C01.800.200.500', 'C01.800.720.557', 'C17.800.838.208.557', 'C17.800.838.765.557'], ['C23.550.717'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C11.187.781'], ['C11.790.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
MACC1 down-regulation inhibits proliferation and tumourigenicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through Akt/â-catenin signaling pathway.
|
The present study was aimed at investigating the expression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), its relationship with â-catenin, Met expression and the clinicopathological features of NPC, and its roles in carcinogenesis of NPC. Our results showed that MACC1 expression was higher in NPC cells and tissues than that in normal nasopharyngeal cells and chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx tissues, respectively. MACC1 expression was closely related to the clinical stage (p = 0.005) and the N classification (p<0.05) of NPC. Significant correlations between MACC1 expression and Met expression (p = 0.003), MACC1 expression and â-catenin abnormal expression (p = 0.033) were found in NPC tissues. MACC1 knockdown dramatically inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation, but induced apoptosis in NPC cells compared with the control group. Furthermore, MACC1 down-regulation inhibited phosphorylated-Akt (Ser473) and â-catenin expression in NPC cells, but phosphorylated-Erk1/2 expression was not altered. Further study showed that phosphotidylinsitol-3-kinase inhibitor downregulated â-catenin and Met expression in NPC cells. There was a significant relationship between MACC1 expression and phosphorylated-Akt expression (p = 0.03), â-catenin abnormal expression and phosphorylated-Akt expression (p = 0.012) in NPC tissue, respectively. In addition, Epstein Barr virus-encoded oncogene latent membrane protein 1 upregulated MACC1 expression in NPC cells. Our results firstly suggest that MACC1 plays an important role in carcinogenesis of NPC through Akt/â-catenin signaling pathway. Targeting MACC1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for NPC.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Child', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway', 'Young Adult', 'beta Catenin']
| 23,573,286
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.820.925', 'G04.835.925'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Body mass index and health among Union Army veterans: 1891-1905.
|
This paper explores the relationship between BMI and several health conditions among Union Army veterans who had medical examinations between 1891 and 1905. We find that BMI, when used as a proxy of nutrition, helps to explain morbidity and mortality differentials among veterans. There is evidence suggesting that among Union Army veterans extremely low or high BMIs were both associated with poor health, as indicated by a higher level of disability rating, higher risk of developing certain diseases, and higher mortality risk than those associated with having normal weight. Compared to veterans with normal weight, underweight veterans were more likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, but were less likely to be diagnosed with rheumatic and musculo-skeletal conditions at the first examination. High BMI levels are also associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and higher mortality in the 20 years after the first examination. We performed a longitudinal analysis to study the association between earlier BMI as well as weight change and later development of diseases. The results suggest that, as a predictor of diseases, the explanatory power of BMI becomes lower the farther into the future we try to predict. Compared with those who maintained the same weight, veterans who gained weight were associated with a lower risk of being diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases at their second examination.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Health Status', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morbidity', 'Mortality', 'Nutritional Status', 'Veterans']
| 16,046,203
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E01.370.400'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Receptor binding and internalization of a unique biologically active angiotensin II-colloidal gold conjugate: morphological analysis of angiotensin II processing in isolated vascular strips.
|
It is well recognized that following binding of ligand, many receptors undergo a process of agonist-induced receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) or internalization. We recently characterized the intracellular pathway and kinetics of angiotensin II (AII)-RME in cultured explant-derived rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). To definitively study vascular internalization of AII, however, it is critical to examine AII binding and uptake in intact, differentiated VSM. For the present study, we used a unique, biologically active AII-colloidal gold conjugate to qualitatively examine, by transmission electron microscopy, the ultrastructural details of AII binding and internalization in intact VSM. Strips of isolated, cleaned, and denuded rat aortic smooth muscle were incubated with AII-gold probe for 2 h at 4 degrees C to allow binding of the complex without simultaneous internalization. After rinsing to remove unbound AII-gold, the strips were incubated at 37 degrees C (5-90 min) to initiate internalization. These studies show that AII initially binds over the entire surface of medial VSMCs. Following binding, the AII is internalized via small receptosomes which likely represent clathrin-coated vesicles. By 20 min after internalization, gold particles are evident within large lysosome-like vesicles deep within the VSM. There was no evidence of association of gold particles with the Golgi network at any of the time periods examined. Gold particles were occasionally observed in perinuclear regions after 90 min at 37 degrees C, although this did not appear to represent a typical pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Endocytosis', 'Endosomes', 'Gold Colloid', 'Imidazoles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Losartan', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Organelles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Angiotensin', 'Tetrazoles']
| 7,903,871
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['D01.379.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130'], ['D03.383.129.617']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toward establishing an empirical basis for the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder.
|
OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the frequency of occurrence of oppositional defiant behaviors in the general population with a view to establishing empirical frequency cutoffs for the evaluation of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). (2) To examine the effects of changes in the definition of ODD between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV.METHOD: The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a general population study of 9-, 11-, and 13-year-olds. Subjects and their parents were interviewed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment at baseline and again 1 year later.RESULTS: Ninetieth percentile frequency cutoffs for ODD symptoms are given. Although rates of ODD were little different between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV, fewer than half of those who met criteria by one or the other definition met criteria according to both. DSM-IV defined a more disturbed group of children than did DSM-III-R. Requiring only two or three ODD symptoms plus impairment identified children with substantial evidence of disturbance who did not otherwise meet criteria for any diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: The DSM-IV criteria represent an improvement over DSM-III-R. However, a reduction in the number of ODD symptoms required for diagnosis is indicated. Symptom frequency criteria for ODD symptoms are suggested for clinical use.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Prevalence', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors']
| 8,824,064
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F03'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Penta-O-galloyl-â-D-glucose attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via reactive oxygen species reduction in renal epithelial cells and enhances antitumor activity in Caki-2 renal cancer cells.
|
Cisplatin shows limited therapeutic efficacy due to serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. In the present study, we demonstrate that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-â-d-glucose (PGG) has protective effects against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in normal human primary renal epithelial cells (HRCs) while showing synergistic effect against cisplatin-induced cell death in human Caki-2 renal cancer cells. PGG significantly blocked cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity and reduced cisplatin-induced sub-G1 accumulation in HRCs. Consistently, PGG reduced the number of apoptotic cell populations by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Live/Dead assays in cisplatin-treated HRCs. Furthermore, PGG suppressed PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation, cytochrome c release, up-regulation of bax and p53 in cisplatin-treated HRCs. Moreover, PGG attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediated by cisplatin treatment, suggesting that PGG prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation in HRCs. Notably, PGG significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and PARP cleavage in cisplatin-treated Caki-2 renal cancer cells. Combination Index (CI) revealed synergism between PGG and cisplatin in Caki-2 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest the dual effects of PGG as a protective supplement against cisplatin-induced toxicity in normal renal cells and a combination chemotherapeutic drug with cisplatin in renal cancer cells.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cisplatin', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrolyzable Tannins', 'Kidney', 'Protective Agents', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 22,172,427
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.200.299', 'D02.241.511.390.200.299', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.200.299', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.200.299', 'D05.750.078.937.214'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D27.505.696.706', 'D27.720.799'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bacteriophage phi X174 DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli HF4704S (dnaHts) cells.
|
The DNA synthesis of bacteriophage phiX174 in Escherichia coli HF470S, a mutant temperature sensitive in the initiation of DNA replication (dnaHts), has been examined. In HF4704S cells, phiX174 can grow normally at 27 degree C whereas the phage cannot grow after the cessation of DNA synthesis of the host cells at 42 degrees C. Upon infection, phiX174 DNA can be injected into the host cell and the parental replicative form can be formed, but the progency replicative form cannot be synthesized at 43 degrees C in the absence of host DNA synthesis. The progency replicative form cannot be synthesized at 27 degrees C in the presence of 30 mug chloramphenicol/ml in the host cell which has been incubated for 74 min at 43 degrees C followed by transfer to 27 degrees C in the presence of 30 mug chloramphenicol/ml. When 30 mug chloramphenicol/ml is added later than 5 min after the temperature shift-down to 27 degrees C, the progency replicative form synthesis is not inhibited. Thus, the host cell function, for which the gene dnaH is responsible, has been shown to be essential to the progency replicative form production.
|
['Chloramphenicol', 'Coliphages', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA Viruses', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Viral', 'Escherichia coli', 'Mutation', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Virus Replication']
| 1,096,950
|
[['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['B04.123.205'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['B04.280'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Relationship between Nutritional Status, Anemia and Other Vitamin Deficiencies in the Elderly Receiving Home Care.
|
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and other vitamin deficiencies among elderly home care patients and to evaluate the causes of anemia and effect of malnutrition as a contributing factor.METHODS: Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization. Hemogram, serum iron, iron binding capacity, ferritin and transferrin saturation values, serum vitamin B12, folic acid and vitamin D levels were evaluated. It was tried to differentiate as absolute iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, anemia of unknown cause and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. Malnutrition was evaluated by Mini Nutritional Assessment test.RESULTS: Total of 472 patients (mean age 81,4±7,4 years) were included in the study. Anemia was detected in 179 (%37,9) patients, 22,7% of males and 45,5 % of female. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12, folic acid and vitamin D deficiencies were found 43%, 46%, 19% and 91% respectively. 22,8% of all patients were malnourished, 17,5% were under malnutrition risk. In patients with anemia 16,2% chronic disease anemia and 37,4% unknown anemia were detected.CONCLUSIONS: With or without malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and vitamin D deficiency were common in the home care elderly patients.
|
['Aged', 'Anemia', 'Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Folic Acid', 'Folic Acid Deficiency', 'Home Care Services', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malnutrition', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Nutritional Status', 'Prevalence', 'Vitamin B 12', 'Vitamin B 12 Deficiency', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 31,367,734
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C15.378.071'], ['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.308'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.521'], ['E05.318.308.585', 'N05.715.360.300.560', 'N06.850.505.557', 'N06.850.520.308.585'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.923'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cross-sectional and longitudinal study protocols of the 'ADIposity and BOne metabolism: effects of eXercise-induced weight loss in obese adolescents' (ADIBOX) project.
|
INTRODUCTION: A need exists for sustainable and clinically effective weight management interventions, suitable for preventing well-linked chronic disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease and some less investigated secondary conditions such as bone alteration. The ADIposity and BOne metabolism: effects of eXercise-induced weight loss in obese adolescents (ADIBOX) protocol was designed to provide a better understanding of the interaction between adipokines and bone hormones in adolescents with obesity and how a 10-month physical activity programme may affect these interactions.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The ADIBOX protocol combines 2 studies. The first study involves a total of 68 adolescents aged 12-16 years. This cross-sectional study will include both males and females (1:1 ratio), either living with obesity/overweight (n=34; body mass index (BMI) ?97th centile and ?85th centile) or normal weight (n=34; BMI<85th centile). The second study is a longitudinal study that will include 50 obese adolescent girls and track them over a period of 42 weeks. Weight loss programme will consist of a combination of physical activity and a normocaloric diet. Bone and adiposity-related measurements will be performed every 14 weeks. Both studies will assess participants' anthropometric profile, nutrition and physical activity, body composition, bone densitometry and blood markers of bone, growth and adiposity.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The ADIBOX protocol complies with the ethics guidelines for clinical research and has been approved by their respective ethics committee (Australian Catholic University Committee Ethic, Australia and Hospital Sud Est 1 committee, France). Findings from this protocol are expected to clarify the possible interactions between adiposity and bone in childhood obesity and will be disseminated at several research conferences and published articles in peer-reviewed journals.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02626273; Pre-results.
|
['Adiposity', 'Adolescent', 'Australia', 'Body Composition', 'Bone Development', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Growth Plate', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Pediatric Obesity', 'Program Evaluation', 'Weight Loss', 'Weight Reduction Programs']
| 27,797,988
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G05.308.310'], ['A02.835.232.251.352'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C18.654.726.500.720', 'C23.888.144.699.500.750', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.750'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963'], ['I02.233.332.445.650', 'N02.421.726.407.579.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Actigraphic Analysis of Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation.
|
AIM: To analyze the relationship between the severity of pain and sleep disorder using wrist actigraphy in patients with cervical disc herniation (CDH).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with the diagnosis of CDH underwent subjective tests and actigraphic analysis in preoperative period, and at the end of postoperative first week and postoperative first month. The data of the subjective tests and actigraphic analysis were compared.RESULTS: There was a strong and statistically significant negative correlation between the subjective tests of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain 0-1-2 and the objective parameters of Sleep Onset Latency (SOL) 0-1-2 (rs= -0.798, p=0.009 - rs= - 0.832, p=0.006 - rs=- 0.710, p=0.004). There was a positive correlation between the subjective tests of VAS for Pain 0-1-2 and the objective parameters of Sleep Efficiency (SEF) 0-1-2 (rs=0.721, p=0.006 - rs= 0.768, p=0.001 - rs= 0.748, p=0.001).CONCLUSION: Actigraphy may be used for the evaluation of cervical disc surgery, as an alternative and objective test for sleep disorders.
|
['Actigraphy', 'Adult', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep Wake Disorders']
| 27,560,526
|
[['E01.370.520.049', 'E05.003.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hemocompatibility of polyacrylonitrile dialysis membrane immobilized with chitosan and heparin conjugate.
|
Chitosan (CS)/heparin (HEP) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was covalently immobilized onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. The effect of surface modification on the protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, metabolites permeation and anticoagulation activity of the resulting membrane was investigated. Surface characterization such as water contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope were performed. The immobilization of PEC caused the water contact angle to reduce, thereby indicating the increase in the hydrophilicity. Protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and thrombus formation were all reduced by the immobilization of HEP. Anticoagulant activity was evaluated with activated partial thrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen time, and thrombin time (TT). The results revealed that PEC-immobilizing membrane can improve antithrombogenicity of PAN membrane. In addition, the PEC-immobilized membranes can suppress the proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro cytotoxicity test showed leachable substance released was below cytotoxic level. The pure water permeability results show little variation due to PEC-immobilization. Thus PEC-immobilization can endow the PAN membrane hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity while retaining the original permeability.
|
['Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Blood Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chitin', 'Chitosan', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Fibroblasts', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Mice', 'Permeability', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Thrombosis']
| 14,738,859
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.124'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.139', 'D09.698.211'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.723'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Solar urticaria. Study of 20 cases].
|
INTRODUCTION: Solar urticaria is an infrequent disorder, but is probably underdiagnosed. It is characterized by the sudden appearance of weals in areas that are not usually photoexposed after exposure to the sun or to artificial sources of visible or ultraviolet light. Few cases have been published in literature, so the information available about this disorder and its natural evolution is limited.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have compiled data from 20 patients diagnosed with solar urticaria in our department in the last 12 years (1990-2002) in order to try to obtain information about the characteristics of this condition.RESULTS: As the most relevant characteristics of our series, we can mention the fact that 60 % of the patients were women, and the average duration of the condition before consulting a dermatologist was 3 years. In 55 % of the patients, areas that are usually photoexposed, such as the face and hands, were less severely affected (due to acclimatization or hardening). The spectra responsible for the SU were visible light, UVA and UVB, in that order. With regard to treatment, we obtained a partial response with antihistamines and photoprotectors, and good results using progressive desensitization with UVA/sunlight.CONCLUSION: Solar urticaria is probably an underdiagnosed condition in our milieu. There are few series in literature that provide any information about the most significant characteristics of this disorder. We have compiled the most relevant data from our patients and we have compared it with the other published series in an attempt to learn more about this photodermatosis.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sunlight', 'Urticaria']
| 16,476,328
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bioprinting of a functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct.
|
Bioprinting can be defined as additive biofabrication of three-dimensional (3D) tissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids, capable of self-assembly, as building blocks. The thyroid gland, a relatively simple endocrine organ, is suitable for testing the proposed bioprinting technology. Here we report the bioprinting of a functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct from embryonic tissue spheroids as a proof of concept. Based on the self-assembly principle, we generated thyroid tissue starting from thyroid spheroids (TS) and allantoic spheroids (AS) as a source of thyrocytes and endothelial cells (EC), respectively. Inspired by mathematical modeling of spheroid fusion, we used an original 3D bioprinter to print TS in close association with AS within a collagen hydrogel. During the culture, closely placed embryonic tissue spheroids fused into a single integral construct, EC from AS invaded and vascularized TS, and epithelial cells from the TS progressively formed follicles. In this experimental setting, we observed formation of a capillary network around follicular cells, as observed during in utero thyroid development when thyroid epithelium controls the recruitment, invasion and expansion of EC around follicles. To prove that EC from AS are responsible for vascularization of the thyroid gland construct, we depleted endogenous EC from TS before bioprinting. EC from AS completely revascularized depleted thyroid tissue. The cultured bioprinted construct was functional as it could normalize blood thyroxine levels and body temperature after grafting under the kidney capsule of hypothyroid mice. Bioprinting of functional vascularized mouse thyroid gland construct represents a further advance in bioprinting technology, exploring the self-assembling properties of tissue spheroids.
|
['Animals', 'Bioprinting', 'Collagen', 'Computer Simulation', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Mice', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Rats', 'Spheroids, Cellular', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Tissue Scaffolds']
| 28,707,625
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.111', 'J01.293.069.124'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599'], ['G09.330.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A11.251.800'], ['A06.300.900'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gender differences in predictors of initiation, retention, and completion in an HMO-based substance abuse treatment program.
|
We studied gender differences in treatment process indicators among 293 HMO members recommended for substance abuse treatment. Treatment initiation, completion, and time spent in treatment did not differ by gender, but factors predicting these outcomes differed markedly. Initiation was predicted in women by alcohol diagnoses; in men, by being employed or married. Failure to initiate treatment was predicted in women by mental health diagnoses; in men, by less education. Treatment completion was predicted in women by higher income and legal/agency referral; in men, by older age. Failure to complete was predicted in women by more dependence diagnoses and higher Addiction Severity Index Employment scores; in men, by worse psychiatric status, receiving Medicaid, and motivation for entering treatment. More time spent in treatment was predicted, in women, by alcohol or opiate diagnoses and legal/agency referral; in men, by fewer mental health diagnoses, higher education, domestic violence victim status, and prior 12-step attendance. Clinical implications of results are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Retention, Psychology', 'Sex Factors', 'Substance Abuse Treatment Centers', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'United States']
| 12,495,790
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['F02.463.425.540.772'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['N02.278.035.128.800', 'N02.278.808.930'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of depression on the speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences.
|
An experiment is described in which depressed patients were asked to recall pleasant or unpleasant experiences from their past life in response to a standard series of stimulus words. The ratio between the time for recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences was found to fall progressively with increasing severity of depression or of "neuroticism" and to be significantly related to each. Among patients who scored relatively low on depression or neuroticism pleasant memories were recalled more speedily than unpleasant; among those who scored high this relationship was reversed. Possible mechanisms to account for these findings are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Association', 'Depression', 'Emotions', 'Extraversion, Psychological', 'Female', 'Happiness', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Personality Inventory', 'Time Factors']
| 1,161,955
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.069', 'F04.754.720.346'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.752.747.246', 'F02.739.794.253'], ['F01.470.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.080.550', 'F03.650'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Expression of tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
|
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 is a high-molecular-weight sialomucin that is expressed selectively in various adenocarcinomas, including those of the prostate. We utilized the monoclonal antibodies B72.3 and CC49 to examine the expression of TAG-72 in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), localized adenocarcinomas (pathologic stages B and C), as well as matching primary and nodal lesions from patients with stage D adenocarcinomas. Immunoreactivity within PIN lesions was detected within 20 (87%) and 17 (74%) of 23 specimens immunostained with B72.3 and CC49, respectively. Benign epithelium and stromal tissue did not immunostain with either antibody at the concentrations tested. Immunostaining was detected within the malignant cells in 30 (77%) and 35 (90%) of 39 localized adenocarcinomas using B72.3 and CC49, respectively. Immunostaining was localized to the cytoplasm and cellular membranes of the malignant cells and within the lumen of malignant glands. Seven of 17 (41%) primary lesions from patients with stage D adenocarcinomas demonstrated immunoreactivity when stained with B72.3. Immunoreactivity was detected in 8 of 10 (80%) of these tissues immunostained with CC49. Within nodal lesions obtained from these patients, immunostaining was observed in 3 of 17 (18%) and 6 of 10 (60%) of the specimens immunostained with B72.3 and CC49, respectively. We used a semiquantitative technique to compare the extent of immunoreactivity among well-differentiated (Gleason score < 6), moderately differentiated (Gleason 6-7), and poorly differentiated (Gleason score > 7) tumors. We observed an inverse correlation of TAG-72 expression to Gleason scores. Furthermore, TAG-72 expression was reduced in the matching primary and metastatic lesions of stage D adenocarcinomas as compared to localized lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytoplasm', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 7,617,651
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bridging taxonomic and disciplinary divides in infectious disease.
|
Pathogens traverse disciplinary and taxonomic boundaries, yet infectious disease research occurs in many separate disciplines including plant pathology, veterinary and human medicine, and ecological and evolutionary sciences. These disciplines have different traditions, goals, and terminology, creating gaps in communication. Bridging these disciplinary and taxonomic gaps promises novel insights and important synergistic advances in control of infectious disease. An approach integrated across the plant-animal divide would advance our understanding of disease by quantifying critical processes including transmission, community interactions, pathogen evolution, and complexity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. These advances require more substantial investment in basic disease research.
|
['Animals', 'Communicable Disease Control', 'Communicable Diseases', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Disease Vectors', 'Ecosystem', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Interdisciplinary Communication', 'Plants']
| 22,086,388
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.780.200'], ['C01.221', 'C23.550.291.531'], ['N06.850.290'], ['N06.850.335.188', 'N06.850.520.203.375'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205.249', 'L01.143.865.500'], ['B01.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Immunohistochemical localization of neurocalcin in human sensory neurons and mechanoreceptors.
|
The localization of neurocalcin in the developing and adult human peripheral nervous system (dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia (DRG, SG), and enteric nervous system (ENS)) was investigated using immunohistochemistry. A subpopulation of large-sized neurons in DRG of 9 and 12 weeks old embryos showed immunoreactivity (IR), whereas the sympathetic ganglia or enteric neurons did not. In adults, neurocalcin IR was restricted to a subpopulation of large (13%) and intermediate (15%) sized neurons in DRG. The protein was also found in muscular (67%) and cutaneous (12%) nerve fibers, as well as in the axons supplying muscular (muscle spindles, Golgi's tendon organs, and perimysial Pacinian corpuscles) and cutaneous (Meissner's but not Pacinian corpuscles) mechanoreceptors, as well as motor end-plates. Present results demonstrate that neurocalcin in both developing and adult humans can be used as a specific marker for a subpopulation of sensory neurons coupled to proprioception and touch, and for axons of motoneurons forming motor end-plates.
|
['Adult', 'Axons', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Endplate', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurocalcin', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Proprioception', 'Receptors, Calcium-Sensing', 'Retina', 'Rhombencephalon', 'Touch', 'Trigeminal Ganglion']
| 10,674,628
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['A16.254'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.550.550.550.500', 'A08.850.550.550.500', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550.500'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.360.372.500.500', 'D12.776.157.125.412.500.500', 'D12.776.476.387.500.500', 'D12.776.631.645.500'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.115'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.186.211.132.810'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['A08.340.390.850', 'A08.800.350.850', 'A08.800.800.120.760.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular identification of three Ompok species using mitochondrial COI gene.
|
A DNA-based barcode identification system that is applicable to all animal species will provide a simple, universal tool for the identification of fish species. The barcode system is based on sequence diversity in subunit 1 cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene. Identification and characterization of fish species based on morphological characters are sometimes found to be erroneous and environmentally affected. There are no studies on the genus Ompok in India at molecular level and species identification of the Ompok is usually carried out through morphological features. A total of 106 samples from three species Ompok pabda, O. pabo and O. bimaculatus were collected from eight sampling sites of seven Indian rivers. One hundred and six sequences were generated from COI region of three Ompok species and 21 haplotypes were observed. The sequence analysis of COI gene revealed three genetically distinct Ompok species and exhibited identical phylogenetic resolution among them. The partial COI gene sequence can be used as a diagnostic molecular marker for identification and resolution of taxonomic ambiguity of Ompok species.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Catfishes', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'India']
| 22,295,861
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['Z01.252.245.393']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Iron response regulator protein IrrB in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 helps control the iron/oxygen balance, oxidative stress tolerance, and magnetosome formation.
|
Magnetotactic bacteria are capable of forming nanosized, membrane-enclosed magnetosomes under iron-rich and oxygen-limited conditions. The complete genomic sequence of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 has been analyzed and found to contain five fur homologue genes whose protein products are predicted to be involved in iron homeostasis and the response to oxidative stress. Of these, only the MGMSRv2_3149 gene (irrB) was significantly downregulated under high-iron and low-oxygen conditions, during the transition of cell growth from the logarithmic to the stationary phase. The encoded protein, IrrB, containing the conserved HHH motif, was identified as an iron response regulator (Irr) protein belonging to the Fur superfamily. To investigate the function of IrrB, we constructed an irrB deletion mutant (ÄirrB). The levels of cell growth and magnetosome formation were lower in the ÄirrB strain than in the wild type (WT) under both high-iron and low-iron conditions. The ÄirrB strain also showed lower levels of iron uptake and H2O2 tolerance than the WT. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that the irrB mutation reduced the expression of numerous genes involved in iron transport, iron storage, heme biosynthesis, and Fe-S cluster assembly. Transcription studies of the other fur homologue genes in the ÄirrB strain indicated complementary functions of the Fur proteins in MSR-1. IrrB appears to be directly responsible for iron metabolism and homeostasis and to be indirectly involved in magnetosome formation. We propose two IrrB-regulated networks (under high- and low-iron conditions) in MSR-1 cells that control the balance of iron and oxygen metabolism and account for the coexistence of five Fur homologues.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Down-Regulation', 'Ferrosoferric Oxide', 'Iron', 'Iron-Regulatory Proteins', 'Magnetosomes', 'Magnetospirillum', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxygen', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Deletion']
| 26,386,052
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D01.490.100.375', 'D01.490.200.350', 'D01.578.285'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D12.776.494'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.450', 'A20.859'], ['B03.440.400.425.708.500', 'B03.660.050.755.750.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term effectiveness of antimalarial drugs in rheumatic diseases.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effectiveness between chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).METHODS: Medical charts of all patients seen by eight rheumatologists practising in two tertiary care centres and starting antimalarial treatment between January 1985 and December 1993 were reviewed. Patient characteristics, disease, and treatment information were collected. The main outcome measures were the cause of and the time to the discontinuation of antimalarial drugs resulting from all causes, principally toxicity or inefficacy, or both. Bivariate analysis including t tests and chi 2 tests were used to assess differences between means and proportions respectively. Survival curves were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression) was used to adjust for potential confounders.RESULTS: After all medical records were reviewed, 1042 eligible cases were identified. From these, 940 (90%) had usable information and they represent the cohort. Five hundred and fifty eight had rheumatoid arthritis, 178 had systemic lupus erythematosus, 127 had palindromic arthritis, and 77 had other diagnoses. Fifty seven per cent of the patients received CQ and 43% HCQ. The proportion of patients with side effects taking HCQ and CQ was 15% and 28% respectively (p = 0.001). Using Cox regression model to adjust for age at the onset of antimalarial treatment, physician differences, sex, disease type, disease duration before treatment, and rank selection, there were no differences in the hazard ratio (HR) for overall discontinuations between CQ and HCQ. While the HR for discontinuations because of toxicity was lower for HCQ (HR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9), the HR for discontinuations because of inefficacy was significantly higher for HCQ (HR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.9).CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for time and several confounders HCQ was less toxic but less effective than CQ. Only one case of probable/possible retinopathy was found. Therefore, we propose a careful baseline ophthalmological evaluation by an expert and then one or every two years if proper doses are used.
|
['Adult', 'Antimalarials', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Chloroquine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rheumatic Diseases', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,893,568
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180.350'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C05.799', 'C17.300.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Eating behavior influences diet, weight, and central obesity in women after pregnancy.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore whether type of eating behavior is related to diet and overweight in women after childbirth.METHODS: In a prospective mother-infant study, women's (N = 189) eating behavior, dietary intake from food diaries, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured at 6, 12, 24, and 48 mo after giving birth. Three aspects of eating behavior were measured by the validated Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-18: cognitive restraint (CR; restricting of eating without associated hunger or fullness), emotional eating (EE; overeating due to negative feelings), and uncontrolled eating (UE; overeating irrespective of physiologic need).RESULTS: High scores in CR associated with the lowest tertile of fat intake (% of energy [E%], P = 0.045). High UE scores associated with the highest tertiles of intakes of energy (kcal; P < 0.001), fiber (g; P < 0.001) and sucrose (E%; P < 0.001). High EE scores (P = 0.003) linked with overweight (body mass index ? 25 kg/m(2)), whereas UE (P < 0.001) linked with central obesity (WC ? 80 cm).CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that certain types of eating behavior related to both energy-dense diet and weight and central adiposity. We propose that measuring eating behavior by the simple questionnaire could be a helpful tool in dietary counseling that aids in identifying women who are likely at risk for unhealthy dietary patterns and for developing overweight.
|
['Adiposity', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Diet Records', 'Energy Intake', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperphagia', 'Logistic Models', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Waist Circumference', 'Young Adult']
| 23,800,568
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.821.645'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C18.654.726.500.615', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.249', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Serum progesterone at the time of surgery and survival in women with premenopausal operable breast cancer.
|
Serum progesterone and oestradiol levels have been measured in 210 premenopausal women with operable breast cancer on samples taken within 3 days of tumour excision. There was no relation between oestradiol level and time since last menstrual period, nor any effect of oestradiol value on prognosis. However, serum progesterone levels were related to the phase of the cycle as determined by time since last menstrual period. When divided on a basis of levels > 1.5 ng/ml (luteal phase) and < or = 1.5 ng/ml, it was found that there was no difference in survival between the two groups among 117 axillary node negative cases. However, in the 93 patients with positive axillary nodes, higher progesterone levels were associated with significantly better survival. Thus, serum progesterone levels at the time of surgery may affect the prognosis of premenopausal node positive patients with operable breast cancer.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Menstrual Cycle', 'Premenopause', 'Progesterone', 'Prognosis', 'Random Allocation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 8,018,400
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['G08.686.605'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vagal and adrenal influences on gastric secretion in Shay rats.
|
The present experiment was planned to assess the role of vagus and adrenals in gastric secretion in the pylorus ligated rats. Vagotomy significantly reduced the volume of gastric juice but the reduction following adrenalectomy was not significant. Both vagotomy and adrenalectomy significantly reduced the free acid, total acid and pepsin contents of the gastric secretion, the reduction being more pronounced following vagotomy.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Gastric Juice', 'Male', 'Pepsin A', 'Rats', 'Vagotomy', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 326,663
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['E04.270.115'], ['B01.050'], ['A12.200.307'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.700', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Radiation hybrid mapping of the two highly homologous human-variant pMCHL genes by PCR-SSCP.
|
When gene loci are very similar in sequence, as in gene families or multiple pseudogenes, it is difficult to determine the specific location of the individual genes. We show here that applying PCR-SSCP to a radiation hybrid panel allowed mapping and specific sequencing of two genes with only a few sequence differences. Human-variant forms of the promelanin-concentrating hormone (pMCH) gene are found in two locations in the genome, previously localized by FISH to 5p14 and 5q12-q13. Without prior knowledge of sequence variation between the loci, we observed a difference in migration pattern in PCR-SSCP, indicating the presence of at least one point of sequence divergence. PCR-SSCP of 93 samples from a human-hamster radiation hybrid panel revealed the location of the genes to be between markers WI-4804 and AFM225YC5 on chromosome 5p, and between markers WI-3133 and WI-4225 on chromosome 5q. Sequencing of the two 680-bp PCR products from the hybrid panel demonstrated 3 bases of sequence difference between the 5p and 5q locations.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5', 'Cricetinae', 'Humans', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Hypothalamic Hormones', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Protein Precursors', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 9,685,321
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.280.290', 'G05.360.162.520.300.280.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.600'], ['D06.472.699.327', 'D12.644.400.400', 'D12.644.548.365', 'D12.776.631.650.405'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['D12.776.811'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of female genital tuberculosis, its risk factors and associated clinical features among the women of Andaman Islands, India: a community-based study.
|
OBJECTIVE: There is scarcity of information on the prevalence of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) in the community. The present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of FGTB, its risk factors and associated clinical features.STUDY DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional survey.METHODS: This study was carried during October 2011 and May 2014 in the Andaman Islands. A total of 13,300 women aged 20-59 years were primarily screened using a structured questionnaire. About 721 (5.4%) were found initially eligible for screening for genital tuberculosis by clinical examination and specimen collection for laboratory tests but only 460 (63.8%) expressed their willingness. Endometrial specimens were collected from 405 (88%) subjects. The association of the potential risk factors with genital tuberculosis was tested by Chi-squared test. A similar analysis was performed to identify clinical features associated with genital tuberculosis.RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of FGTB was 45.1 cases per 100,000 women (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.6-98.1). Infertility and oligomenorrhoea were identified as clinical features associated with FGTB. Past history of tuberculosis and history of close contact with tuberculosis cases were identified as risk factors.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the prevalence of FGTB among the female population of the Andaman Islands. Though the estimated prevalence was close to the expected prevalence, but as only 63.8% of the eligible women could be adequately screened, a much higher prevalence of FGTB could not be ruled out. Infertility, oligomenorrhoea, past history of tuberculosis and contact with tuberculosis case were identified as factors associated with genital tuberculosis.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Infertility, Female', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligomenorrhea', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Tuberculosis, Female Genital', 'Young Adult']
| 28,404,534
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.568.937'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.944.596', 'C13.351.500.758', 'C13.351.750.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A comparison of a theophylline-ephedrine combination with terbutaline.
|
In a single-blind, crossover study 10 adult asthmatic patients received a theophylline-ephedrine combination tablet (theophylline 90 mg, ephedrine 16 mg and phenobarbital 25 mg in an immediate release layer and theophylline 90 mg and ephedrine 32 mg in a sustained release layer) twice daily or terbutaline 5 mg three times daily for two weeks. There was no significant difference in bronchodilator response to a single dose of the study drugs on either the initial day of treatment or after two weeks of continuous therapy. Mean increases in serum cyclic-AMP levels produced by both drugs were not significantly different. Mean peak plasma theophylline levels were 2.9 +/- 1.3 microgram/ml following the initial dose and 7.3 +/- 3.4 microgram/ml after two weeks of continuous dosing with the combination drug. No adverse effects on blood pressure or pulse rate were observed to either drug. Overall, the incidence and severity of reported side effects (tremor, nausea and nervousness) were less with the theophylline-ephedrine combination.
|
['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Drug Combinations', 'Ephedrine', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Terbutaline', 'Theophylline', 'Tremor']
| 208,429
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D26.310'], ['D02.033.100.624.302', 'D02.033.755.624.302', 'D02.092.063.624.302', 'D02.092.471.683.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['D02.033.100.291.905', 'D02.092.063.291.905'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['C10.597.350.850', 'C23.888.592.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Rare complication of calculosis of the gallbladder: Bouveret's syndrome].
|
The authors report a case, they had the opportunity to observe, of pyloric stenosis, secondary to the migration of two big gall-stones into stomach through a cholecysto-gastric fistula. As the event is extremely rare, they discuss some clinical, diagnostical and therapeutical aspects of same.
|
['Aged', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pyloric Stenosis', 'Syndrome', 'Tachycardia, Paroxysmal']
| 6,545,139
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C06.130.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.748.340.690'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C14.280.067.845.695', 'C14.280.123.875.695', 'C23.550.073.845.695']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Targeted construction of temperature-sensitive mutations in vaccinia virus by replacing clustered charged residues with alanine.
|
The feasibility of using "clustered charge-to-alanine" mutagenesis (replacement by alanine of two or more charged residues clustered in a five- or six-amino acid sequence) to create temperature-sensitive, conditionally lethal mutations in vaccinia virus was examined by creating nine mutations in the vaccinia virus gene G2R. G2R was chosen for this analysis because mutations in this gene confer selectable phenotypes. Specifically, vaccinia viruses that contain a wild-type copy of G2R nare sensitive the effects of the anti-poxvirus drug isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone (IBT), while mutations in G2R that completely abolish the function of the G2R protein product confer dependence upon IBT for growth. A previously isolated mutant carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation that maps to G2R (Cts56) is resistant to IBT at the permissive temperature and dependent upon IBT at the restrictive temperature. Nine clustered charge-to-alanine mutants were examined. Four of the these mutants (AS1, AS4, AS6, and AS9) display some degree of temperature sensitivity in the function of the G2R gene product. AS1 is temperature sensitive for growth in both a plaque assay and in a one-step growth experiment. AS6 and AS9 form small plaques at the nonpermissive temperature and are temperature sensitive for growth in a one-step growth experiment. AS4 manifests its temperature sensitivity as temperature-dependent IBT resistance. Five of the mutations (AS2, AS3, AS5, AS7, and AS8) appeared to confer phenotypes indistinguishable from that of wild-type vaccinia. These results demonstrate that temperature-sensitive conditionally lethal mutants can be created in vaccinia virus by altering the charge characteristics of essential viral proteins.
|
['Alanine', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Genes, Viral', 'Isatin', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Vaccinia virus', 'Viral Plaque Assay', 'Viral Proteins']
| 8,183,946
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['D03.633.100.473.525'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B04.280.650.160.650.900'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Design, synthesis, antibacterial activity, and molecular docking studies of novel hybrid 1,3-thiazine-1,3,5-triazine derivatives as potential bacterial translation inhibitor.
|
Some novel hybrid 1,3-thiazine-1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Compounds 8c and 8f were found active against Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms. Molecular docking studies have been performed on eubacterial ribosomal decoding A site (Escherichia coli 16S rRNA A site) to rationalize the probable mode of action, binding affinity, and orientation of the molecules at the active site of receptor. The structures of all these newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their elemental analyses and spectral data techniques viz. IR, ?H NMR, ?³C NMR, and mass.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Thiazines', 'Triazines']
| 22,702,334
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['C01.150.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D02.886.665', 'D03.383.855'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cost benefit analysis of neurostimulation for chronic pain.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess the healthcare utilization of patients with intractable chronic neuropathic pain treated with spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation and to provide a cost-benefit analysis.METHODS: The case records of 222 consecutive patients who received spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation implants at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were asked to complete a Neurostimulation Outcome Questionnaire designed to gather data on utilization of healthcare resources starting 1 year before surgical implantation. These data were pooled and net differences in events per patient per year, before and after device implantation were calculated and modeled to 2000 cost data obtained from the Medicare Fee Schedule and Healthcare Financing Administration.RESULTS: Neurostimulation Outcome Questionnaires were returned by 128 patients. The mean patient age was 46 +/- 12.5 years (range 21-71 years) and the mean implant duration was 3.1 +/- 2.3 years (range 0.5-8.9 years). The mean per patient total reimbursement of spinal cord stimulation/peripheral nerve stimulation absent pharmacotherapy was $38,187. Patients treated with spinal cord stimulation/peripheral nerve stimulation for pain management achieved reductions in physician office visits, nerve blocks, radiologic imaging, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and surgical procedures, which translated into a net annual savings of approximately $30,221 and a savings of $93,685 over the 3.1-year implant duration. The large reduction in healthcare utilization following spinal cord stimulation/peripheral nerve stimulation implantation resulted in a net per patient per year cost savings of approximately $17,903.DISCUSSION: The reduced demand for healthcare resources by patients receiving neurostimulation suggests that peripheral nerve stimulation and spinal cord stimulation treatment, although associated with relatively high initial costs, demonstrates substantial long-term economic benefits. Thus, neurostimulation should be considered as a viable option for the early treatment of patients with intractable chronic neuropathic pain.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Demography', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,502,691
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhanced chemotherapy of cancer using pH-sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles to antagonize P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance.
|
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major clinical obstacle in the management of cancer by chemotherapy. Overexpression of ATP-dependent efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (PGP) is a key factor contributing to multidrug resistance of cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to use the endosomal pH-sensitive MSN (mesoporous silica nanoparticles; MSN-Hydrazone-Dox) for controlled release of doxorubicin (Dox) in an attempt to overcome the PGP-mediated MDR. In vitro cell culture studies indicate that uptake of MSN-Hydrazone-Dox by the human uterine sarcoma MES-SA/Dox-resistant tumor (MES-SA/Dx-5) cell occurs through endocytosis, thus bypassing the efflux pump resistance. This improves the efficacy of the drug and leads to significant cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and DNA laddering assays. In vivo studies show that the intratumor injection of MSN-Hydrazone-Dox induces significant apoptosis of MES-SA/Dox-resistant cancer cells. This is validated by active caspase-3 immunohistochemical analysis. However, MSN-Hydrazone, without doxorubicin conjugation, cannot induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, both in vitro and in vivo studies show that MSN could serve as an efficient nanocarrier entering cell avidly via endocytosis, thus bypassing the PGP efflux pump to compromise the PGP-mediated MDR. MSN-Hydrazone-Dox could further respond to endosomal acidic pH to release doxorubicin in a sustained manner. Besides the cell study, this is the first report that successfully shows the therapeutic efficacy of using MSN against MDR cancer in vivo.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Endocytosis', 'Humans', 'Hydrazones', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Nanoparticles', 'Neoplasms', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 21,411,714
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G04.417'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.288'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['C04'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of postnatal overnutrition and pregnancy on non-insulin dependent diabetes induced in Wistar rats by neonatal streptozotocin.
|
Wistar rats with non-insulin dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin (STZ) administration were raised either in large or in small litters. The STZ-treated rats from small litters showed a higher body weight as well as increased blood glucose levels compared with vehicle- and STZ-treated rats reared in large nests at an age of 8 weeks. The higher body weight of these rats was maintained until an age of 15 weeks, whereas the basal blood glucose was normalized. However, both STZ-treated groups exhibited an impaired glucose tolerance. During pregnancy only the glucose tolerance of the STZ-treated animals from large nests was improved although not normalized. The STZ-treated rats from small nests failed to adapt to pregnancy because the blood glucose levels after glucose load were similar to values found in the virgin state. The body weight of pregnant STZ treated rats raised in small litters was significantly lower than in vehicle- or STZ-terated rats from large nests. The number of fetuses per litter was similar in all groups tested. Compared with the vehicle-treated rats from large litters the fetal body weight of STZ-treated rats from small nests was decreased and that of STZ rats raised in large litters was increased. These results suggest that the rats with the more impaired glucose tolerance produce growth-retarded pups and, conversely, rats with rather mild impairment have bigger fetuses than the vehicle-treated ones. In the present study we have examined for the first time the combined effects of postnatal overnutrition and pregnancy on glucose homeostasis of rats treated neonatally with STZ. Our data demonstrate that postnatal overnutrition is an aggravating factor in the development of a diabetic state in these rats, especially at times when the insulin requirement is higher such as puberty and pregnancy.
|
['Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Homeostasis', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Streptozocin']
| 8,867,903
|
[['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G07.410'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.726'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Percutaneous phenol block of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain with computed tomography guidance. A new technique.
|
Twenty-one percutaneous neurolyses of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain were performed in 12 patients with CT guidance by a single injection of 1 to 3 ml of phenol at the level of Th3. Results were assessed after a follow-up period varying from 4 to 33 months. Three patients with hyperhidrosis had immediate and complete disappearance of symptoms, but only one patient remained dry. In 7/14 procedures done for Raynaud's disease symptoms disappeared or diminished. These long term results are competitive with surgery. Three transitory Horner syndromes and one pneumothorax occurred.
|
['Adult', 'Cervical Rib Syndrome', 'Female', 'Ganglia, Sympathetic', 'Humans', 'Hyperhidrosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenol', 'Phenols', 'Punctures', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Raynaud Disease', 'Sympathectomy, Chemical', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,960,340
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.668.829.550.850.200', 'C14.907.863.200', 'C16.131.621.174'], ['A08.340.315.350', 'A08.800.050.300.300', 'A08.800.050.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.946.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.595'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['E02.800', 'E04.665'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['C14.907.617.812'], ['E04.525.210.105.800.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression of STK15 gene and chromosomal instability in laryngeal carcinoma].
|
To assess the relationship between expression of STK15 gene and chromosomal instability in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, RNA was extracted from 50 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and paired normal tissue and Hep-2 cell line. cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription, which was amplified by PCR using beta-actin as contrast. The results of electrophoresis were analysed by software to examine the expression level of STK15 gene in laryngeal carcinoma; karyotype analysis of Hep-2 cell line as an example was performed by routine and high-resolution G-banding techniques. In the 50 cases of laryngeal carcinoma, there were 34 cases whose expression of STK15 gene in tumor was higher than paired normal tissue, occupying 68%. The difference between tumor group and contrast group was prominent by statistic analysis. The expression of STK15 gene in Hep-2 cell line was higher than that of beta-actin; Chromosomal instability in Hep-2 cell line was evident: The chromosomal number range from 43 to 84 and the chromosomal model ranged from 69 to 74. The structural abnormality was represented by 13 marker chromosomes. We discovered the overexpression of STK15 gene in laryngeal carcinoma the first time. It may caused chromosomal instability through abnormal centrosome, therefore having some effect during the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma.
|
['Aurora Kinase A', 'Aurora Kinases', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 12,693,093
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.103.500', 'D12.776.167.049.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.103', 'D12.776.167.049'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D13.444.735.615'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Palatal lift prosthesis for bolus transport in a patient with dysphagia: A clinical report.
|
A palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) is an intraoral device that provides lift for the soft palate. The usual purpose of a PLP is to reduce nasopharyngeal reflux and the hypernasal speech caused by velopharyngeal incompetence. However, for this patient, the main purpose was to relieve a functional blockage at the oropharyngeal isthmus by suspending the soft palate. A PLP with soft and flexible lift was applied in a patient with a traumatic brain injury and dysphagia. The PLP improved oropharyngeal bolus transit time by relieving the blockage at the oropharyngeal isthmus. This type of PLP may help to improve bolus transport for patients with dysphagia.
|
['Adult', 'Deglutition Disorders', 'Food', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Palate, Soft', 'Prostheses and Implants']
| 28,159,343
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.405.117.119', 'C09.775.174'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A14.549.617.780'], ['E07.695']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of endothelial and inducible NOS-isoforms is increased in Alzheimer's disease, in APP23 transgenic mice and after experimental brain lesion in rat: evidence for an induction by amyloid pathology.
|
The nitric oxide-synthesizing enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is present in the mammalian brain in three different isoforms, two constitutive enzymes (i.e., neuronal, nNOS, and endothelial eNOS) and one inducible enzyme (iNOS). All three isoforms are aberrantly expressed in Alzheimer's disease giving rise to elevated levels of nitric oxide apparently involved in the pathogenesis of this disease by various different mechanisms including oxidative stress and activation of intracellular signalling mechanisms. It still is a matter of debate, however, whether the abnormal expression of NOS isoforms has some primary importance in the pathogenetic chain and might thus be a potential therapeutic target or only reflects a secondary effect that occurs at more advanced stages of the disease process. To tackle this question, we analysed the expression of both eNOS and iNOS in patients with sporadic AD, in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the Swedish double mutation under control of the Thy1 promotor (APP23 mice), and after electrolytic cortical lesion in rat, an experimental paradigm associated with elevated expression of APP. In all three conditions, an astrocytosis was induced accompanied by a strong increase of both iNOS and eNOS. Both NOS isoforms were frequently though not always colocalized. Thus, based on the expression pattern of NOS isoforms three types of astrocytes, expressing only one of the two isoforms or both together could be distinguished. In both AD and transgenic mice eNOS-expressing astrocytes exceeded iNOS-expressing astrocytes in number. Astrocytes with elevated levels of iNOS or eNOS were constantly seen in direct association with Abeta-deposits in AD and transgenic mice and were found in the vicinity of the lesion site in the rat cortex. The results of the present study show that expression of both iNOS and eNOS is increased in activated astrocytes under experimental conditions associated with elevated expression of APP (electrolytic brain lesion) or Abeta-deposition (APP23 transgenic mice). Therefore, it is suggested that altered expression of these NOS isoforms being part of AD pathology is secondary to the amyloid pathology and might not be primarily involved in the pathogenetic chain though it might contribute to the maintenance, self-perpetuation and progression of the neurodegenerative process.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor', 'Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain', 'Brain Injuries', 'Cell Count', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gliosis', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Plaque, Amyloid', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Up-Regulation']
| 11,532,247
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.776.049.407.249', 'D12.776.543.039', 'D12.776.645.468.500', 'D12.776.811.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G05.308.320'], ['C23.550.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['C23.300.821'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Central cardiovascular action of neuropeptide Y in conscious rabbits.
|
We determined the central interactions of neuropeptide Y and leptin on cardiovascular and sympathetic responses in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injections of neuropeptide Y (0.1 and 1 nmol/40 microL) elicited dose-related decreases in arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity without a significant change in heart rate. Peak depressor or sympathoinhibitory responses of mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (-13.0+/-1.5 mm Hg and -27.6+/-4.9%) were observed at 25 and 20 minutes after intracerebroventricular injection of 1 nmol of neuropeptide Y, respectively. Pretreatment with intracerebroventricular injection of leptin (3 nmol) prevented the depressor and sympathoinhibitory responses elicited by intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y. Intravenous injection of the same dose of neuropeptide Y (1 nmol) as that used in the intracerebroventricular experiment failed to cause any cardiovascular and renal sympathetic nerve responses. On the other hand, a subdepressor dose of intracerebroventricular infusion of neuropeptide Y (1 nmol/300 microL per hour) significantly attenuated the baroreflex sensitivities assessed by renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate compared with vehicle infusion (G(max); -7.4+/-0.7 versus -13.7+/-0.9%/mm Hg, P:<0.01, and -4.0+/-0.3 versus -6.7+/-0.8 bpm/mm Hg, P:<0.05, respectively). These results suggest that central neuropeptide Y participates in the regulations of the sympathetic nerve activity to kidney and the baroreceptor reflex and that the depressor response induced by intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y is modulated, at least in part, by central leptin in conscious rabbits.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Baroreflex', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Central Nervous System', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Leptin', 'Male', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Pressoreceptors', 'Rabbits', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 11,116,122
|
[['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['G09.330.380.057', 'G11.561.731.063'], ['A07'], ['A08.186'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['D12.644.400.500', 'D12.776.631.650.500'], ['A08.675.650.915.750.750', 'A08.800.050.800.900.700', 'A08.800.950.750.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The inheritance of the traits of resistance to fungal diseases by distant hybrids of wheat with amphiploids].
|
The inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust and septorios of hybrids from crosses of wheat--rye and two wheat--Elymus amphiploids with durum and bread wheat was studied. Spontaneous hybridization was revealed to be a determining factor of the new available trait formation in the wide crosses. Control of the leaf rust and heary leaf traits by the same alien chromosome of Elytricum fertile is confirmed. While in the wheat--Aegilops amphiploid H74/90-258 these traits are not linked and controlled by one and two genes, respectively. The alien resistance is easier introgessed into wheat genome in the cross of 8x-amphiploid with durum wheat, than with bread wheat. Constant homozygous strains with group resistance to the studied diseases have been revealed.
|
['Crosses, Genetic', 'Hybridization, Genetic', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Mycoses', 'Plant Diseases', 'Polyploidy', 'Secale', 'Triticum']
| 10,857,202
|
[['E05.393.281'], ['E05.820.150.390', 'G05.090.390'], ['G12.450.564'], ['C01.150.703'], ['G15.610'], ['C23.550.210.702', 'G05.365.590.175.677', 'G05.700.740'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and properties of beta-alanine synthase from calf liver.
|
beta-Alanine synthase (EC 3.5.1.6) catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to beta-alanine, ammonia and CO2. The enzyme has been purified to apparent homogeneity from calf liver. The molecular size, pH optimum and substrate specificity have been determined. Sequence alignment of beta-alanine synthases with N-carbamyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase from Agrobacter sp. revealed the conservation of a catalytically important triad Glu-Lys-Cys, most likely involved in the breakdown of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine.
|
['Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Liver', 'Rats']
| 15,638,804
|
[['D08.811.277.087'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A general equation for the ratio of the areas below the blood or plasma concentration time-curves following intravenous and oral drug administration and its application to inter-subject variations in drug elimination.
|
1 When a drug is metabolized in the liver the total area under the plasma or blood concentration-time curve following oral drug administration is less than the area obtained after intravenous drug administration. This difference has been termed the 'first-pass effect'. 2 General equations for the areas below the blood or plasma concentration-time curve of a drug following intravenous and oral drug administration are derived. 3 An explicit expression for the ratio of areas below the blood or plasma concentration-time curves following intravenous and oral drug administration is derived. 4 By the application of the derived equations it is shown that the relative contribution of hepatic drug metabolism and urinary excretion to inter-subject variation in drug elimination can be easily ascertained.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Biopharmaceutics', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations']
| 1,234,504
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['H01.158.703.003', 'H02.628.049'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of nasal instillation of a nitric oxide-releasing solution or parenteral administration of tilmicosin on the nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef feedlot cattle at high-risk of developing respiratory tract disease.
|
Nitric oxide has bactericidal and virucidal properties. Nasal instillation of a nitric oxide releasing solution (NORS) on arrival at the feedlot was recently reported as inferior to a parenteral injection of tilmicosin (macrolide antibiotic) for control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle at high-risk of developing BRD. We hypothesized that this inferiority was due to differences between treatments with regards to their effects on the nasopharyngeal microbiota. The objective was to compare nasal instillation of NORS versus parenteral administration of tilmicosin regarding their effects on the nasopharyngeal microbiota of feedlot cattle at high-risk of developing BRD. Culture-independent community profiling (16S rRNA sequencing) and culture-based methods were used to evaluate treatment effects. High-risk Angus-cross heifers (n=20) were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups on arrival at a feedlot and received either NORS or tilmicosin for prevention of BRD. Heifers were sampled using guarded deep nasal swabs immediately prior to treatment (day 0) and on days 1, 5 and 10 after treatment. Based on culture-independent community profiling, there was a distinct shift in composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota during the first 10 d after arrival, with 116 OTUs changing over time, but no difference between treatment groups. However, culture-based methods detected a difference between treatment groups, with more cattle culture-positive for Pasteurellaceae in the NORS group at day 5 post-treatment. This difference in ability to inhibit colonization of the nasopharynx by Pasteurellaceae may be the basis for NORS being inferior to tilmicosin for control of BRD in high-risk cattle.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex', 'Cattle', 'Female', 'Microbiota', 'Nasopharynx', 'Nitric Oxide', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Risk Factors', 'Tylosin']
| 28,231,472
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.748.085', 'C08.730.085', 'C22.196.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.540.505.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Suppressive effects of non-preferable plant alcohol extracts on diamondback moth Plutella xylostella population].
|
In this paper, a life table and an interference index of population control (IIPC) were used to evaluate the effects of spraying the alcohol extracts of non-preferable plants on the dynamics of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella) population. The results showed that the alcohol extracts of Eupatorium odoratum, Lantana camara and Wedelia chinensis were available to protect kidney bean from Plutella xylostella infestation. Their IIPC were 0.110, 0.136 and 0.165, and the efficacies of controlling P. xylostella were 89.0%, 86.4% and 83.5%, respectively, compared with control.
|
['Animals', 'Chromolaena', 'Insect Control', 'Insecticides', 'Lantana', 'Moths', 'Plant Extracts', 'Population Control', 'Wedelia']
| 15,852,929
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.203'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.990.411'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['I01.240.600.650', 'N01.224.625.650', 'N06.850.505.400.700.650'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.989']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Making a difference: the construction of ethnicity in HIV and STI epidemiological research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
|
Biomedical and public health researchers and practitioners routinely record and comment on ethnicity: however, the use of this category is often vague and without explicit statement on what ethnicity is or how it correlates to health disparities. Presented here is an inquiry into the case of ethnicity in HIV/STI research in the Netherlands. This paper considers the construction and operationalization of the concept ethnicity in HIV/STI epidemiological research in the Netherlands. The concept ethnicity is followed as it is defined, measured, categorized, communicated and constructed in the annual national HIV/STI surveillance report of the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and as this construction co-evolves in society through the Dutch media, politics and prevention practice. The epidemiological work of the RIVM on HIV/STI in The Netherlands has resulted in the materialization of a distinct ethnic construction, the high risk sexual ethnic other, presumed, not only to be at heightened risk for HIV, but also to spread HIV in the Netherlands through promiscuity and absent safe sex practices. This construct is shown to be perpetually self-validating as it informs methodological choices, such that, behavioural studies almost always establish ethnic behavioural differences. The construct and related ethnic rhetoric also allow for the extrapolation of "findings" within a specific ethnic group regarding a specific STI to all groups considered ethnic minorities and so a categorical ethnic minority problem group is constructed within Dutch society. This imagery is disseminated through newspaper articles and dialogue in the Dutch House of Representative and HIV/STI prevention practice, through which the construct is reaffirmed and ascribed scientific and social validity. Knowledge of ethnic minorities' high-risk status and their sexual practices that lead to this become common, and so the construct is further operationalized in government budget planning and subsequent research programmes.
|
['Biomedical Research', 'Epidemiologic Studies', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Public Health Administration', 'Research Design', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases']
| 21,601,970
|
[['H01.770.644.145'], ['E05.318.372.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['N04.452.794'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[A case of internal ophthalmomyiasis in Kenya (author's transl)].
|
An unusual case of ophthalmomyiasis is reported, in which two living fly larvae were observed inside the patient's eye. One larva was removed from the anterior chamber by paracentesis; the other was destroyed on the retina by photocoagulation. The mode of infestation, clinical picture and treatment are discussed in brief.
|
['Adult', 'Anterior Chamber', 'Eye Diseases', 'Humans', 'Kenya', 'Male', 'Myiasis', 'Retina']
| 7,339,161
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A09.371.060.067'], ['C11'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['C01.610.858.211.503'], ['A09.371.729']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Investigation by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the molybdenum centre of respiratory nitrate reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans.
|
The molybdenum centre of respiratory nitrate reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans has been investigated by e.p.r. spectroscopy of Mo(V). In common with the centres of the analogous enzymes from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it undergoes a pH- and anion-dependent transition between two different e.p.r. signal-giving species. Comparison of the relevant e.p.r. parameters extracted with the help of computer simulations reveals ligation of the metal in the active centres of the three enzymes to be identical.
|
['Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molybdenum', 'Nitrate Reductase', 'Nitrate Reductases', 'Paracoccus denitrificans']
| 2,844,161
|
[['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D01.268.556.555', 'D01.268.956.500', 'D01.552.544.555'], ['D08.811.682.655.500.124'], ['D08.811.682.655.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.600.380', 'B03.660.050.750.600.125']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Head and Body Orientation Estimation Using Convolutional Random Projection Forests.
|
In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the head pose and body orientation of a person from a low-resolution image. Under this setting, it is difficult to reliably extract facial features or detect body parts. We propose a convolutional random projection forest (CRPforest) algorithm for these tasks. A convolutional random projection network (CRPnet) is used at each node of the forest. It maps an input image to a high-dimensional feature space using a rich filter bank. The filter bank is designed to generate sparse responses so that they can be efficiently computed by compressive sensing. A sparse random projection matrix can capture most essential information contained in the filter bank without using all the filters in it. Therefore, the CRPnet is fast, e.g., it requires to process an image of pixels, due to the small number of convolutions (e.g., 0.01 percent of a layer of a neural network) at the expense of less than 2 percent accuracy. The overall forest estimates head and body pose well on benchmark datasets, e.g., over 98 percent on the HIIT dataset, while requiring without using a GPU. Extensive experiments on challenging datasets show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods in low-resolution images with noise, occlusion, and motion blur.
|
['Algorithms', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Posture', 'Torso']
| 29,990,037
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['G11.427.695'], ['A01.923']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A history of treatments for myasthenia gravis.
|
Much of the improvement in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) over the past 125 years can be attributed to the effectiveness of general medical measures such as advances in respiratory care and the discovery of antibiotics. Although MG became the model of an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease in the 1970s (the most documented antigen being the muscle acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction), the pathogenesis of MG has not been the rationale for most treatments found to be useful for this disease. The serendipitous benefit of anticholinesterases for MG in the 1930s subsequently focused attention on the neuromuscular junction. The beginnings of the controversy over thymectomy for MG in the 1940s and 1950s preceded the discovery in 1960 of the function of the thymus. Before the autoimmune pathogenesis of MG was known, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and steroids for MG were tried for reasons that turned out to be incorrect. Further immunosuppressive treatments for MG were largely empirical, following their use in organ transplantation and other autoimmune diseases. More specific treatments, based on our knowledge of pathogenesis, are still experimental but hopefully will be the history of the future.
|
['Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Neurology', 'Thymectomy']
| 15,229,787
|
[['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['H02.403.600'], ['E04.928.770']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study of the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine in healthy infants.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and viral shedding profiles of a recombinant, live, attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) vaccine, rHPIV3cp45, in healthy HPIV3-seronegative infants 6 to <12 months of age.METHODS: In this double-blind, multicenter study, subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive a 10(5)TCID(50) dose of rHPIV3cp45 (n=20) or placebo (n=10) at enrollment and at 2 and 4 months after the first dose. Blood for evaluation of antibody to HPIV3 was collected at baseline and approximately 1 month after each dose. Solicited adverse events (SEs) and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected on days 0-28 after each dose. Nasal wash samples for vaccine virus shedding were collected 3 times after each dose (7-10, 12-18, and 28-34 days post dose) and at unscheduled illness visits. Subjects were followed for 180 days after the last dose.RESULTS: Vaccine virus was shed by 85% of vaccine recipients after dose 1, by 1 subject after dose 2, and was not shed by any subject after dose 3. The highest titer of shed virus was detected on day 7 after dose 1. The attenuation phenotype and the genotype of the vaccine virus were stable in shed virus. Seroresponse (? 4-fold rise in HPIV3 antibody from baseline) occurred in 61% of subjects after dose 1 and in 77% after dose 3. Either seroresponse or shedding occurred in 95% of vaccine subjects. Adverse events were similar in vaccine and placebo recipients.CONCLUSION: The safety, shedding, and immunogenicity profiles of rHPIV3cp45 in HPIV3-seronegative infants 6 to <12 months of age support further development of this vaccine.
|
['Antibodies, Viral', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Parainfluenza Vaccines', 'Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human', 'Phenotype', 'Placebos', 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'Virus Shedding']
| 21,782,874
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.535.425'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D20.215.894.899.500'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.700.735'], ['G05.695'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['D20.215.894.811'], ['G07.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Determination of 7-aminoflunitrazepam, the major metabolite of flunitrazepam in urine by high performance thin-layer chromatography].
|
A rapid and highly sensitive method, based on high performance thin-layer chromatography, is described for the qualitative and semiquantitative determination of 7-aminoflunitrazepam, the main metabolite of flunitrazepam in human urine. 7-Aminoflunitrazepam in specimen was extracted by solid phase extraction using GDX-403 porous polymer bead as sorbent and ethyl ether as eluant. Fluorescamine was used as a reagent to produce fluorescent product on the plate. The limit of detection was 5 micrograms/L and the limit of quantitation was 15 micrograms/L for 7-aminoflunitrazepam in urine. The method can be successfully used for measuring 7-aminoflunitrazepam in urine samples of the subjects excreted over a 48 h period after receiving 1 mg flunitrazepam orally. The method is applicable to drug examination for the cases of drug-facilitated robbery and rape.
|
['Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Flunitrazepam', 'Fluorescamine', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents']
| 12,541,981
|
[['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.320'], ['D02.455.426.779.345', 'D03.633.100.127.218', 'D04.711.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Novel adipokinetic hormones in the kissing bugs Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans, Dipetalogaster maxima and Panstrongylus megistus.
|
Peptides of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH)/red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) family were isolated and sequenced from the retrocerebral corpora cardiaca of four kissing bugs which are all vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi responsible for Chagas' disease. The sequence of three novel AKHs were deduced from the multiple MS(N) electrospray mass data: the octapeptide pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Thr-Asp-Trp amide (denoted Rhopr-AKH) in Rhodnius prolixus and Panstrongylus megistus, the nonapeptide pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly amide (denoted Triin-AKH) in Triatoma infestans and the decapeptide pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Asp-Gly-Trp-Gly-Asn amide (denoted Dipma-AKH) in Dipetalogaster maxima. The sequences were confirmed by identical behavior of natural and synthetic forms in reversed-phase HPLC and by CID-MS mass spectra. Conspecific injections of a dose of 10 pmol of the respective synthetic peptides resulted in a small but significant increase of the lipid concentration in the hemolymph. These experiments suggest that AKHs in kissing bugs act to regulate lipid metabolism, possibly during dispersal flights which is one of the mechanisms whereby the insects reach new outbreak areas.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Grasshoppers', 'Hemolymph', 'Insect Hormones', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Oligopeptides', 'Panstrongylus', 'Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid', 'Rhodnius', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Triatoma']
| 23,137,850
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.369'], ['A13.453'], ['D06.472.445.573'], ['G03.458'], ['D12.644.456'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.420.700.850.600'], ['D03.383.773.812.718', 'D12.125.067.625.850', 'D12.125.072.401.761'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.420.700.850.700'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.420.700.850.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of light and reductones on differentiation of Pleurotus ostreatus.
|
Vegetative mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus were differentiated into primordia and subsequently into fruit bodies in synthetic sucrose-asparagine medium when exposed to light at low temperature. During photo-morphogenesis, L-ascorbic acid-like substances called reductones were produced. L-ascorbic acid, D-erythroascorbic acid, 5-O-(á-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid, 5-O-(á-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid, 5-methyl-5-O-(á-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid and 5-methyl-5-O-(á-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid were accumulated initially in the illuminated mycelia before the initiation of fruiting. The content of glycosides of erythroascorbic acid and their methylated compounds increased again in the primordia and the fruit bodies. Exogenous L-ascorbic acid induced the formation of primordia from the mycelia in the dark in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this suggests that these reductones might play a role in mediating the light stimulus in photomorphogenesis.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Culture Media', 'Light', 'Pleurotus', 'Temperature']
| 21,369,982
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['B01.300.179.100.650'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Food intake, dietary supplements and survival time of scorbutic guinea pigs.
|
Manual presentation of a liquid scorbutogenic diet permitted a more complete characterisation of the terminal stages of scurvy in guinea pigs. A bioflavonoid preparation from orange peel, previously shown both to increase the tissue concentrations of ascorbic acid and to stimulate the growth of hypovitaminotic C guinea pigs, had no influence on the survival time of scorbutic guinea pigs. Tetrahydrofolic acid, reported to possess 40% of the activity of ascorbic acid in the protocollagen proline-hydroxylase system, also failed significantly to prolong the survival period. This latter finding could indicate that ascorbic acid has essential biochemical functions in addition to its involvement in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine.
|
['Animals', 'Diet', 'Flavonoids', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Male', 'Scurvy', 'Tetrahydrofolates']
| 958,649
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['C14.907.454.800', 'C15.378.463.515.800', 'C18.654.521.500.133.115.661'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800', 'D08.211.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in monitoring the effect of a vascular targeting agent on rhabdomyosarcoma in rats.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for monitoring tumor response in rats after administration of combretastatin A4 phosphate.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study protocol was approved by local ethical committee for animal care and use. Rhabdomyosarcomas implanted subcutaneously in both flanks of 17 rats were evaluated with 1.5-T MR unit by using four-channel wrist coil. Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences, T1-weighted spin-echo sequences before and after gadodiamide administration, and transverse echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR examinations were performed before, 1 and 6 hours, and 2 and 9 days after intraperitoneal injection of vascular targeting agent (combretastatin A4 phosphate, 25 mg/kg). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was automatically calculated from diffusion-weighted MR imaging findings. These findings were compared with histopathologic results at each time point. For statistical analysis, paired Student t tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing were used.RESULTS: T1-weighted images before combretastatin administration showed enhancement of solid tumor tissue but not of central necrosis. At 1 and 6 hours after combretastatin injection, enhancement of solid tissue disappeared almost completely, with exception of small peripheral rim. At 2 and 9 days after combretastatin injection, enhancement progressively reappeared in tumor periphery. ADC, however, showed decrease early after combretastatin injection ([1.26 +/- 0.16]x 10(-3) mm2/sec before, [1.18 +/- 0.17]x 10(-3) mm2/sec 1 hour after [P=.0005] and [1.08 +/- 0.14]x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec 6 hours after [P=.0007] combretastatin A4 phosphate injection), histologically corresponding to vessel congestion and vascular shutdown in periphery but no necrosis. An increase of ADC ([1.79 +/- 0.13]x 10(-3) mm2/sec) (P <.0001) 2 days after combretastatin A4 phosphate injection was paralleled by progressive histologic necrosis. A significant (P <.0001) decrease in ADC 9 days after treatment ([1.41 +/- 0.15]x 10(-3) mm2/sec) corresponded to tumor regrowth.CONCLUSION: In addition to basic relaxation-weighted MR imaging and postgadolinium T1-weighted MR imaging to enable prompt detection of vascular shutdown, diffusion-weighted MR imaging was used to discriminate between nonperfused but viable and necrotic tumor tissues for early monitoring of therapeutic effects of vascular targeting agent.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Bibenzyls', 'Contrast Media', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Stilbenes']
| 15,734,932
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.308'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C04.557.450.590.550.660', 'C04.557.450.795.550.660'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The importance of transdisciplinary collaborations for understanding and resolving health disparities.
|
Group disparities in health have been documented for several decades. Despite recent efforts to eliminate them, group differences persist and challenge the ability of scientists to address them using traditional research paradigms. Because the determinants of disparities occur at multiple levels, from the molecular to the societal, and interact with one another in ways not yet fully understood, they represent a challenge to researchers attempting to capture their complexity. After reviewing existing models of disciplinary collaboration, we outline the challenges of a transdisciplinary approach and its ability to afford the holistic view of disparities needed to develop effective interventions.
|
['Community-Institutional Relations', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Group Processes', 'Health Services Research', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Interdisciplinary Communication', 'Interinstitutional Relations', 'Interprofessional Relations']
| 20,446,184
|
[['N04.452.822.210'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F01.829.316'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205.249', 'L01.143.865.500'], ['N04.452.822.400'], ['F01.829.401.205']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Discovery of potent 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-based c-Met kinase inhibitors via mechanism-directed structural optimization.
|
Starting from our previously identified novel c-Met kinase inhibitors bearing 1H-imidazo[4,5-h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(3H)-one scaffold, a global structural exploration was conducted to furnish an optimal binding motif for further development, directed by the enzyme inhibitory mechanism. First round SAR study picked two imidazonaphthyridinone frameworks with 1,8- and 3,5-disubstitution pattern as class I and class II c-Met kinase inhibitors, respectively. Further structural optimization on type II inhibitors by truncation of the imidazonaphthyridinone core and incorporation of an N-phenyl cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide pharmacophore led to the discovery of novel imidazopyridine-based c-Met kinase inhibitors, displaying nanomolar enzyme inhibitory activity and improved Met kinase selectivity. More significantly, the new chemotype c-Met kinase inhibitors effectively inhibited Met phosphorylation and its downstream signaling as well as the proliferation of Met-dependent EBC-1 human lung cancer cells at submicromolar concentrations.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met', 'Pyridines', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 25,529,740
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.075', 'D12.776.543.750.630.186', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.186'], ['D03.383.725'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endoscopic versus transaxillary thoracic sympathectomy for primary axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis and/or facial blushing: 5-year-experience.
|
Thoracic sympathectomy is effective in the permanent cure of primary axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis and facial blushing, which can be so troublesome for patients that their social and professional relations can be affected. Between October 1988 and April 1994, a total of 50 thoracic sympathectomies (10 surgical and 40 endoscopic) were performed on 5 and 23 patients, respectively. The operations were performed unilaterally, followed by the contralateral intervention after a period of 6-8 weeks. The thoracic ganglia T2-T5 were resected for hyperhidrosis. If the patient suffered from blushing, the lower 1/3 of the stellate ganglion was also resected. Postoperatively, all the operated limbs were warm and dry. In the group of patients who were operated bilaterally, only one had persistent facial blushing. The efficacy for blushing in this series was therefore 93.3%. The late relapse rate of sympathetic activity was 14.3%. Compensatory sweating was seen in 67%, gustatory sweating in 37.5% and phantom sweating in 29% of the patients. None of them considered these side effects to be troublesome. Although there is no difference between transaxillary thoracic sympathectomy and the endoscopic intervention in terms of efficacy, the latter is associated with less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and a rapid recovery. The thoracic sympathectomy is the treatment of choice for primary hyperhidrosis and excessive facial blushing.
|
['Adult', 'Blushing', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperhidrosis', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sympathectomy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,664,016
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.209.530.136', 'F02.830.158'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.946.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.525.210.105.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Evaluation of diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding].
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The major indication of small bowel capsule endoscopy is the diagnostics of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. The present retrospective study was aimed to analyze the diagnostic yield, positive and negative predictive values and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 36 month period at two workplaces 66 capsule endoscopy studies were performed in 62 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who had undergone non-diagnostic upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Capsule video recordings were evaluated by two investigators at both workplaces. Capsule endoscopy findings were divided into 3 groups according to the bleeding source: definitive bleeding source (48 patients), uncertain bleeding potential (5 patients), and negative finding (8 patient). Patients after capsule endoscopy were followed-up until a mean of 20 (1-41) months.RESULTS: A definitive small bowel bleeding source was detected in 78.7% of the cases studied by capsule endoscopy. Definitive bleeding sources included angiodysplasia (28 cases), small bowel Crohn's disease (5 cases), small bowel tumor (5 cases), small bowel stenosis (2 cases), NSAID therapy related ulcer (1 case), non-specific inflammation (1 case) and helminthiasis (1 case) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of capsule endoscopy studies were 95.8% and 84.6% respectively. In cases with definitive bleeding sources 72% of patients received therapy in accordance with capsule endoscopy findings (surgery in 18 patients, medical treatment modification in 16 patients, chemoembolisation in 1 patient). During the follow-up period 17.7% of the patients had rebleeding.CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy is a useful and effective diagnostic method in cases with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Effective therapy may be introduced in accordance with the majority of positive capsule endoscopy results.
|
['Angiodysplasia', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Crohn Disease', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Helminthiasis', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Intestinal Diseases', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Videotape Recording']
| 17,066,599
|
[['C14.907.075'], ['C23.300.287'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['E01.171'], ['E07.230.220.260', 'E07.858.240.260'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['C01.610.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C06.405.469'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Solution stability of the monoclonal antibody-vinca alkaloid conjugate, KS1/4-DAVLB.
|
A 3-month solution stability study at 5 degrees C of the monoclonal antibody-vinca alkaloid conjugate KS1/4-DAVLB indicated that phosphate-buffered saline solutions at pH 4.5-5.5 had little tendency to lose vinca by hydrolysis, improved vinca stability, showed acceptable physical stability, and formed minimal amounts of soluble aggregates compared to solutions at pH 6.5-7.4. Hydrolysis and aggregation with concomitant loss of stability were accelerated at 30 degrees C throughout the pH range investigated. As determined by ELISA, the binding properties of KS1/4-DAVLB to tumor antigens were not affected by pH or temperature. A formulation suitable for initial clinical trials in cancer patients is described.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Stability', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Proteins', 'Solutions', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Vinca Alkaloids']
| 1,796,044
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776'], ['D26.776'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D03.132.436.681.827', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Internet use among adolescent and young adults (AYA) with cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: The Internet serves as an important resource for adult cancer patients, but little is known about Internet use among adolescent and young adults (AYA) with cancer. The aims of this study were to describe (1) cancer-specific websites which AYA with cancer visit and (2) Internet features desired by AYA on cancer-specific websites and how many current AYA cancer websites contain these features.PROCEDURE: Individual phone interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 16 AYA with cancer from across North America in June 2005. Content analysis of these interviews were coded and validated for desired website features. Current AYA cancer websites were identified on the Internet and the features on these sites were compared to the features desired by our sample.RESULTS: Favorite websites visited by AYA with cancer (cancer-related and unrelated) were identified along with current Internet use. Twenty-one distinct cancer website features desired by AYA with cancer were described. Twenty-seven unique AYA cancer websites were found on the Internet during May-June 2006. Each site contained 7.7 (SD = 2.7) of the 21 features identified by participants as desirable, but the highest ranked features did not occur in the majority of these websites.CONCLUSIONS: AYA with cancer indicate that they prefer to visit cancer websites that contain cancer-related information, provide the ability to chat with AYA with cancer, and offer some type of game. Although many websites exist for AYA with cancer, few individual sites contain the web features identified as most desired by AYA with cancer.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Information Services', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'North America', 'Patient Education as Topic']
| 18,506,753
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['C04'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The specificity of perceptual learning in speech processing.
|
We conducted four experiments to investigate the specificity of perceptual adjustments made to unusual speech sounds. Dutch listeners heard a female talker produce an ambiguous fricative [?] (between [f] and [s]) in [f]- or [s]-biased lexical contexts. Listeners with [f]-biased exposure (e.g., [witlo?]; from witlof, "chicory"; witlos is meaningless) subsequently categorized more sounds on an [epsilonf]-[epsilons] continuum as [f] than did listeners with [s]-biased exposure. This occurred when the continuum was based on the exposure talker's speech (Experiment 1), and when the same test fricatives appeared after vowels spoken by novel female and male talkers (Experiments 1 and 2). When the continuum was made entirely from a novel talker's speech, there was no exposure effect (Experiment 3) unless fricatives from that talker had been spliced into the exposure talker's speech during exposure (Experiment 4). We conclude that perceptual learning about idiosyncratic speech is applied at a segmental level and is, under these exposure conditions, talker specific.
|
['Cognition', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Phonetics', 'Psycholinguistics', 'Speech Discrimination Tests', 'Speech Perception', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Visual Perception']
| 15,971,687
|
[['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['F02.694', 'F04.096.586', 'L01.559.598.628'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.060.750'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evidence for contribution by increased cytoplasmic Na+ to the insulinotropic action of PACAP38 in HIT-T15 cells.
|
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is localized to pancreatic nerve terminals and stimulates insulin secretion. The insulinotropic effect of PACAP38 in insulin-producing HIT-T15 cells is accompanied by increases in cellular cAMP and cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt). As also intracellular Na+ is important for insulin secretion after glucose and other cAMP forming peptides, we examined the Na+ dependence of the insulinotropic effect of PACAP38 in HIT-T15 cells. We found that PACAP38 (100 nM)-induced insulin secretion was diminished by approximately 50% by removal of extracellular Na+ (replaced by equimolar N-methyl-D-glucamine). In contrast, removal of Na+ did not diminish the formation of cellular cAMP (measured by radioimmunoassay) or the increase in [Ca2+]cyt (measured in FURA-2AM-loaded cell suspensions) induced by PACAP38. Furthermore, PACAP-38 increased the cytoplasmic Na+ ([Na+]cyt) in single HIT-T15 cells as measured by the fluorophore sodium-binding benzofran isophthalate. This increase was reduced by removal of extracellular Na+ and by inhibition of protein kinase A by H-89. We conclude that the insulinotropic action of PACAP38 is Na+-dependent. We propose that PACAP38 opens plasma membrane Na+ channels by an action partially mediated by cAMP and protein kinase A, and the subsequent raise in [Na+]cyt elicits insulin secretion by an as yet unsolved mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cricetinae', 'Cytoplasm', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Insulin', 'Neuropeptides', 'Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sodium']
| 9,829,998
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['G02.300'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['D12.644.276.860.887', 'D12.644.400.625', 'D12.776.467.860.887', 'D12.776.631.600.887', 'D12.776.631.650.625', 'D23.529.850.887'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dentin evaluation after Nd:YAG laser irradiation using short and long pulses.
|
OBJECTIVE: Several reports have demonstrated the advantages of using the Nd:YAG laser to reduce dentin permeability by melting the dentin surface. A comparative study using different pulse durations can be useful to obtain further information about the laser-hard tissue interaction.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study pursues the evaluation of the morphological and chemical changes in human dentin surface resulting from Nd:YAG laser (lambda = 1064 nm) irradiation, with a total energy of 0.9 J distributed in 1, 2, 3, and 6 pulses with different pulse durations to promote surface melting and dentinal tubule occlusion. After irradiation, the samples were submitted to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis for morphological study and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis for evaluation of the concentration of calcium and phosphorous in the melted layer.RESULTS: SEM analysis of the irradiated dentin surface showed surface structural changes due to laser irradiation, where the morphological changes are dependent on the laser pulse duration. EDS analysis showed an increase of calcium and phosphorous concentrations after Nd:YAG laser exposure, but no correlation with the number of pulses or pulse duration was found.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that longer interaction times resulted in more evident effects with more melted substrate than shorter pulses, and in both cases the resultant melted layer contains a greater concentration of inorganic substances than non-irradiated dentin.
|
['Calcium', 'Dentin', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lasers', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Phosphorus', 'Radiation Dosage']
| 15,117,486
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Simian virus 40 agnoprotein facilitates perinuclear-nuclear localization of VP1, the major capsid protein.
|
The agnoprotein of simian virus 40 (SV40) is a 61-amino-acid protein encoded in the leader of some late mRNAs. In indirect immunofluorescence studies with antisera against SV40 capsid proteins, we show that mutants which make no agnoprotein display abnormal perinuclear-nuclear localization of VP1, the major capsid protein, but not VP2 or VP3, the minor capsid proteins. In wild-type (WT) SV40-infected CV-1P cells, VP1 was found predominantly in the cytoplasm until 36 h postinfection (p.i.), approximately the time that high levels of agnoprotein became detectable under our infection conditions. Thereafter, VP1 localized rapidly to the perinuclear region and to the nucleus. In contrast, in agnoprotein-minus mutant-infected CV-1P cells, perinuclear-nuclear accumulation of VP1 occurred much less efficiently; a significantly greater fraction of cells with predominantly cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed up to 48 h p.i. At 48 and 60 h p.i., more cells with largely perinuclear and little nuclear staining were seen than in WT-infected controls. In similar analyses with stably transfected cell lines constitutively expressing the agnoprotein, VP1 localized to the nucleus before 30 h p.i., regardless of the infecting virus. Delayed nuclear entry of VP1 in a mutant which makes no agnoprotein was also overcome in a revertant which has a second site point mutation in VP1. This suggests that an alteration of VP1 can partially overcome the defect of the agnogene mutation by enhancement of the rate of its own nuclear localization. Taken together, these results indicate that at least one function of the agnoprotein is to enhance the efficiency of perinuclear-nuclear localization of VP1.
|
['Capsid', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Morphogenesis', 'Mutation', 'Simian virus 40', 'Time Factors', 'Viral Proteins', 'Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 3,023,658
|
[['A21.249.500.250'], ['G04.128'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G07.345.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.964'], ['D12.776.964.925'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of complication rates of porous anophthalmic orbital implants.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Porous anophthalmic orbital implants are used widely. This study evaluates risk factors for porous anophthalmic orbital implant complications and compares complication rates of hydroxyapatite, porous polyethylene, and polyglactin mesh-wrapped aluminum oxide implants.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 105 patients (110 eyes) who received porous anophthalmic orbital implants for any indication were reviewed retrospectively. Complications were recorded and correlated with potential risk factors, including implant material. All patient records were de-identified to protect privacy.RESULTS: Porous polyethylene and aluminum oxide implants were associated with higher exposure rates (porous polyethylene: odds ratio 6.1 [1.29, 29.1]; aluminum oxide: odds ratio 6.0 [1.58, 23.1]; P = .004) and higher overall complication rates compared to hydroxyapatite implants.CONCLUSION: Implant material may be a risk factor for several anophthalmic clinical outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aluminum Oxide', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Durapatite', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orbital Implants', 'Polyethylenes', 'Polyglactin 910', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Young Adult']
| 21,899,247
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D01.056.050', 'D01.650.550.050'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['E04.540.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.695.540'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550', 'D05.750.716.507', 'D25.720.716.507', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507'], ['D05.750.728.772', 'D25.720.728.772', 'J01.637.051.720.728.772'], ['C23.550.767'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for the quantitative evaluation of the anterior segment following Boston keratoprosthesis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the anterior segment using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) following Boston keratoprosthesis type 1.METHODS: A retrospective study consisted of AS-OCT imaging at a single time point postoperatively in 52 eyes. Main outcomes measures include anatomical and functional anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle (ACA) and peripheral and proximal synechiae.RESULTS: The mean time point of imaging was 19.3 months postoperatively. Average anatomical and functional ACD was 2.0 and 0.21 mm respectively, and mean ACA ranged from 2.5° to 6.14° in representative meridians. An average of 8.7 clock hours of angle closure was observed in the 25 eyes in which all meridians were imaged. The majority of eyes showed peripheral (86.5%) and proximal (67.3%) synechiae.CONCLUSIONS: AS-OCT is a useful tool for quantitative evaluation of anterior segment and angle after keratoprosthesis, which is otherwise poorly visible. The majority of eyes showed shallow ACD, extensive angle closure and synechiae formation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Corneal Transplantation', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Prosthesis', 'Young Adult']
| 23,940,621
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C11.204'], ['E02.095.147.725.225', 'E04.540.825.374', 'E04.936.580.225'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E07.695.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Terminal decline in cognitive function.
|
BACKGROUND: Impending death is thought to be associated with age-related cognitive decline, but this association has not been well studied.METHODS: Participants were 763 older Roman Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers without dementia at baseline. They completed an average of 5.6 annual evaluations (range 2 to 9), with >95% follow-up participation in survivors. Each evaluation included administration of 19 cognitive function tests from which previously established measures of global cognition (mean = 0.108, SD = 0.502) and specific cognitive functions were derived. In a series of change point random effects models, the average point before death when rate of cognitive decline changed was identified, and rates of cognitive decline before and after the optimal change point were estimated, controlling for the effects of age, sex, and education.RESULTS: There were 122 deaths during the observation period. Those who died had lower global cognitive function at baseline than survivors (by 0.103 unit; p = 0.03), and beginning about 43 months before death, their annual rate of global cognitive decline sharply accelerated from an annual loss of 0.026 to 0.173 unit, a more than sixfold increase. Results were comparable in analyses that controlled for baseline health and disability. Terminal cognitive decline was evident in nearly all of those who died, but at highly variable rates. Remarkably little cognitive decline was evident in survivors. Decline in episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability also greatly increased about 3 to 6 years prior to death.CONCLUSION: On average, cognitive decline sharply accelerates in the last years of life.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Survival Analysis']
| 12,796,531
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Social adjustment in in-patients with affective disorders: predictive factors.
|
We assessed social adjustment in 145 depressed in-patients using the self-reporting Social Adjustment Scale (42-item version) to evaluate the contribution of demographic and clinical variables and examine social functioning at different levels of depression. Our results indicate that the presence of a psychopathology in association with interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and perceived social support aspects -- and not the severity of current depressive symptoms -- were the most important factors affecting social adjustment. As expected, social disturbances are more pronounced in severe depressives who experience difficulties in all areas: by contrast, patients with low depressive symptom levels do not appear to be maladjusted, by comparison with a community sample.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Educational Status', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Social Adjustment']
| 12,113,919
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F03.084.500'], ['F03.600.300'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.813.621']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The relationship of astrocyte-like cells to the vessels that contribute to the blood-ocular barriers.
|
Brain capillaries form a selective interface, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), between the neural parenchyma and the blood. The factors which regulate this interface are poorly understood. Both the iris and retina possess vascular beds that express some BBB characteristics; therefore, they provide attractive models to further our understanding of how blood-tissue interfaces are regulated. We have determined whether three BBB markers: the transferrin receptor, P-glycoprotein, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), can be localized in the capillaries of the rat retina and iris. We have also compared, in retina and iris, the relationship which GFAP-positive cells have with the blood vessels to the expression of the three BBB markers by the vessels. Immunocytochemistry revealed that capillaries throughout the retina express P-glycoprotein and the transferrin receptor. Retinal vessels do not show detectable gamma-GTP activity. GFAP-positive cells ensheath capillaries in the nerve fibre layer of the retina. Of the three BBB characteristics we examined, iridial vessels expressed only one of them: P-glycoprotein. In the iris, GFAP-positive cells do not ensheath capillaries. From our results we conclude that all BBB characteristics do not have to be expressed and regulated in capillaries as a unit. Our results, in combination with those of earlier studies, suggest that the expression of some BBB features does not require intimate contact between capillaries and astrocytes or astrocyte-like cells. Barrier maintenance appears to be a complex process which involves the integration of several factors.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Blood-Retinal Barrier', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Iris', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Neuroglia', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Transferrin', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Retinal Vessels', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 7,906,600
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['D12.776.124'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['A07.040', 'A09.371.729.055'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A09.371.060.450', 'A09.371.894.513'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.905.500', 'D12.776.543.750.800'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A07.015.611'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Apomixis technology and the paradox of sex.
|
Most plant species produce genetically variable seeds by the fusion of meiotically reduced egg cells and pollen grains. However, a small proportion of seed plants produces clonal, asexual seeds by the process of apomixis. The fixation of heterosis by apomixis is of great interest for plant breeding. The prospect of changing sexual crop species into apomictic crop species by genetic engineering--apomixis technology--has recently caused a boom in apomixis research. According to evolutionary biological theories, a dominant apomixis gene will rapidly become fixed in an outcrossing sexual population. Therefore, in theory, apomixis transgenes could have unconditional advantages that could result in the uncontrollable spread of the transgenes. By contrast, 'classic' transgenes might only have conditional advantages. Paradoxically, sexual reproduction and not apomixis is common in nature. However, this is no guarantee that apomixis transgenes will be ecologically safe because there could be essential differences between natural and transgenic apomicts.
|
['Plant Physiological Phenomena', 'Plants', 'Seeds', 'Transgenes']
| 10,664,618
|
[['G15'], ['B01.650'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Single-center experience with a dual microcatheter technique for the endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms.
|
OBJECT: The endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms can be technically challenging due to distal coil migration or impingement of the parent vessel. In this paper, the authors illustrate an alternative method for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms using a dual microcatheter technique.METHODS: The authors' first 100 consecutive patients who underwent coil embolization of a wide-necked aneurysm using a dual microcatheter technique are reported. With this technique, 2 microcatheters are used to introduce coils into the aneurysm. The coils are deployed either sequentially or concurrently to form a stable construct and prevent coil herniation or migration. Angiographic and clinical outcomes are reported.RESULTS: The technical success rate of the dual microcatheter technique is 91% with a morbidity and mortality of 1% and 2%, respectively. Clinical outcomes are excellent with 93% of patients demonstrating a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2 at long-term follow-up regardless of their score at presentation. Retreatment rates are 18%.CONCLUSIONS: The dual microcatheter technique may be a safe and efficacious first line of treatment for widenecked aneurysms.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheterization', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Safety', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,148,003
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Immunolocalization of VEGF, VEGF receptors, EGF-R and Ki-67 in leiomyoma, cellular leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.
|
Angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), are involved in increased progression in many carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiogenesis and immunolocalization of VEGF, its receptors, EGF-R and Ki 67 in leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas using an indirect immunohistochemical method. Samples from patients with leiomyoma, cellular leiomyoma and cellular leiomyosarcoma (n=20 per group) were fixed in 10% formalin and processed using routine paraffin protocols. Following initial histological analysis, samples were immunostained with primary antibodies for VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, EGF-R and Ki-67 using an indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Immunostaining intensities were evaluated as mild, moderate or strong and a semi-quantitative method (H-Score) was used to compare the samples. While mild/moderate EGF-R immunostaining and moderate immunostaining for VEGF and its receptors were observed in samples of leiomyomas, much less immunoreactivity was observed in cellular leiomyomas. All immunoreactivities and immune-stained cells increased in leiomyosarcomas. When scores of intensity and percentage of positive staining cells were compared, all immunoreactivities were shown to be significantly increased in leiomyosarcomas compared to leiomyomas. These results suggest that in leiomyosarcoma, angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, its receptors and EGF-R, may be involved in tumor angiogenesis. Active tumor cells can trigger angiogenesis, interaction with surrounding tissue and in the tissue itself initiating angiogenic activity. Angiogenic growth factors play an important role and induce malignant transformation through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Anti-angiogenic agents may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of leiomyosarcoma.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Leiomyoma', 'Leiomyosarcoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 20,106,509
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.625.500', 'D23.050.290.500', 'D23.101.140.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['C04.557.450.590.455', 'C04.557.450.795.455'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Levels of p-tyramine in rat brain after chronic administration of MAO-inhibiting antidepressants.
|
Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected acutely or chronically with tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or phenelzine (15 mg/kg i.p.) and extracts of their brains were analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography for concentrations of p-tyramine. Concentrations of p-tyramine were significantly higher than control levels at all time intervals with both drugs, but these increases showed different patterns with each drug. With tranylcypromine treatment, para-tyramine levels peaked at day 2; with phenelzine treatment they increased steadily over the time course, surpassing levels obtained in tranylcypromine experiments by day 8.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Male', 'Phenelzine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tranylcypromine', 'Tyramine']
| 6,686,709
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.442.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.092.831.845'], ['D02.092.211.215.811']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of experimental periodontitis with chlorhexidine as adjuvant to scaling and root planing.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether subgingival irrigation with 0.12 % or 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) immediately after scaling and root planing (SRP) enhances periodontal tissue repair compared to irrigation with saline solution (control).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontitis was ligature-induced in rat molars for 7 days. Animals were distributed into three groups: 1) SRP group, SRP and irrigation with 0.9 % saline (n = 30); 2) SRP + 0.12 % CHX group, SRP and irrigation with 0.12 % CHX (n = 30); 3) SRP + 0.2 % CHX group, SRP and irrigation with 0.2 % CHX (n = 30). Animals were killed at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Furcation region was histometrically analyzed to determine the bone area. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP).RESULTS: Both chlorhexidine groups presented less inflammation and improved tissue repair along the entire experiment when compared with the SRP group. In the histometric analysis at 7, 15 and 30 days, SRP group (4.58 ± 2.51 mm2, 4.21 ± 1.25 mm2, 3.49 ± 1.48 mm2), showed statistically less bone area than groups SRP + 0.12 % CHX (1.86 ± 1.11 mm2; 0.79 ± 0.27 mm2; 0.34 ± 0.14 mm2) and SRP + 0.2 % CHX (1.14 ± 0.51 mm2; 0.98 ± 0.40 mm2; 0.41 ± 0.21 mm2). Both chlorhexidine concentrations modulated the expression of TRAP, RANKL and OPG.CONCLUSIONS: Subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine contributed for a quicker shift from a proinflammatory destructive profile to healing of periodontal tissues.
|
['Animals', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dental Scaling', 'Disinfectants', 'Periodontitis', 'Rats', 'Root Planing']
| 31,759,184
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['E02.186'], ['E06.721.189.350', 'E06.761.227.350'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E06.721.189.350.650', 'E06.721.874.650', 'E06.761.227.350.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aggregated IgG inhibits the differentiation of human fibrocytes.
|
Fibrocytes are fibroblast-like cells, which appear to participate in wound healing and are present in pathological lesions associated with asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and scleroderma. Fibrocytes differentiate from CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes, and the presence of serum delays this process dramatically. We previously purified the factor in serum, which inhibits fibrocyte differentiation, and identified it as serum amyloid P (SAP). As SAP binds to Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG; Fc gammaRs), Fc gammaR activation may be an inhibitory signal for fibrocyte differentiation. Fc gammaR are activated by aggregated IgG, and we find aggregated but not monomeric, human IgG inhibits human fibrocyte differentiation. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to Fc gammaRI (CD64) or Fc gammaRII (CD32) also inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Aggregated IgG lacking Fc domains or aggregated IgA, IgE, or IgM do not inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Incubation of monocytes with SAP or aggregated IgG inhibited fibrocyte differentiation. Using inhibitors of protein kinase enzymes, we show that Syk- and Src-related tyrosine kinases participate in the inhibition of fibrocyte differentiation. These observations suggest that fibrocyte differentiation can occur in situations where SAP and aggregated IgG levels are low, such as the resolution phase of inflammation.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biopolymers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Monocytes', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Serum Amyloid P-Component', 'Syk Kinase', 'src-Family Kinases']
| 16,543,402
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D05.750.078', 'D25.720.099', 'J01.637.051.720.099'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.644.541.500.697', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['D12.776.049.407.875', 'D12.776.124.050.730', 'D12.776.395.690'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.650', 'D12.644.360.900', 'D12.776.476.913'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence of chromosomal alterations in pure usual ductal hyperplasia as a breast carcinoma precursor.
|
Previous studies have shown the chromosomal alterations in usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the breast with bilateral ductal hyperplasia or adjacent to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, the role of UDH as a putative precursor of breast IDC is not clear and has not been fully addressed. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of UDH in breast carcinoma pathogenesis. To investigate chromosomal imbalances and commonality, samples of pure unilateral UDH (n=20) were obtained by laser capture microdissection and analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization. Other ductal lesions, including ADH (n=2), high-grade DCIS (n=3), and grade III IDC (n=5), were assessed at the same time for comparison. The mean values of alteration were 1.95 (39/20) in UDH, 9.5 (19/2) in ADH, 11.0 (33/3) in DCIS and 18.2 (89/5) in IDC, respectively. Some common predisposition regions for the deletions were at chromosomes 1p36-pter, 13q11-14, and 16q11-23, while the high frequency amplification regions were 1q31-qter, 3p21-pter, 6p21-pter, 11q11-14, 12q11-qter, 13q21-qter, 16p12-pter, 17q12-22, and 20q. The genetic abnormalities in the spectrum of breast ductal hyperplasia revealed that the deletion of DNA copy in UDH was the lowest, and gradually increased in the lineages of ADH, DCIS and IDC. Results showed that a significant portion of UDH shares common genetic alterations with ADH, DCIS and IDC, indicating UDH as a precursor of invasive breast ductal carcinoma.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Precancerous Conditions']
| 18,497,952
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.834']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Surgical treatment of lung cancer with chest wall invasion].
|
From January 1986 to May 1998, 45 lung cancer patients with chest wall invasion (P3) underwent resection (40 male, 5 female), (median age 63.2 yrs (30-79)). Histological types were squamous cell carcinoma in 20, adenocarcinoma in 14, large cell carcinoma in 7, adenosquamous cell carcinoma in 2, and unknown in 2. Operative methods of lung resection were total pneumonectomy in 2, bilobectomy in 3, lobectomy in 38, and partial lung resection in 2. Resection was regarded as complete in 35 and incomplete in 10 patients. Thirty one patients had negative lymph nodes (N0), 9 had peribronchial or hilar lymph node metastases (N1), and 5 had mediastinal lymph node metastases (N2). The extent of tumor invasion to chest wall was P3a (invasion within parietal pleura) in 11, P3b-c (invasion to intercostal muscle) in 16, P3d (invasion to rib) in 18, patients. 5-year survival rate was totally 19.7%. Cisplatin based chemotherapy and concurrent thoracic radiation following surgery (CCRT) was performed in latest nine P3d cases. Partial response was observed in 5 of 9 cases (response rate 56%) and viable tumor cell in the primary site was not seen histologically in 5 of 9 cases. Three year survival rate was 46.9% for CCRT(+) 11.1% for CCRT(-). Acturial 5-year survival rate in P3a-d was 19.76%. P3d cases had poor survival, but CCRT improved prognosis of P3d cases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Survival Rate', 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'Thoracic Surgical Procedures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,789,425
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.894'], ['E04.928'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of the prognostic value of regadenoson and adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging.
|
BACKGROUND: Regadenoson is now widely used in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). However, the prognostic value of abnormal stress perfusion findings with regadenoson vs adenosine are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of regadenoson SPECT and to compare it to that of adenosine SPECT.METHODS AND RESULTS: 3698 consecutive patients undergoing either adenosine or regadenoson SPECT were assessed at 1 year for the endpoints of cardiovascular death and a composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or MI. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression modeling with the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimators method adjusting to propensity for agent was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Patients undergoing adenosine SPECT MPI had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking history, diabetes, hypertension, and prior myocardial infarction (P < .05, all). At 1 year of follow-up, there were 154 cardiovascular deaths and 204 with the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or MI. Using IPW adjustment to propensity for agent in a model with stress agent, summed stress score (SSS) remained a significant predictor of the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or MI (HR 1.36 CI 1.28-1.46; P < .0001) as well as cardiovascular death (HR 1.38 CI 1.28-1.49; P < .0001). The interaction of SSS with agent was not significant. Similar findings were seen with summed difference score (SDS).CONCLUSIONS: SSS derived from either adenosine or regadenoson SPECT MPI is a significant predictor of events and provides incremental prognostic information beyond basic clinical variables. We have shown for the first time that use of regadenoson vs adenosine as stress agent does not modify the prognostic significance of SSS. Similar findings were seen with SDS.
|
['Adenosine', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Perfusion Imaging', 'North Carolina', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Purines', 'Pyrazoles', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Analysis', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 25,987,234
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.130.875', 'E01.370.350.710.600.500', 'E01.370.370.380.500', 'E01.370.384.730.354.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Analysis of human tumor associated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen.
|
The Thomsen-Friedenrich (TF) antigen is a precursor structure of MN blood group antigens and is also expressed by about 90% of human carcinomas. The immunodominant group of TF antigen [beta-galactosyl(1-3)-alpha-N-acetylglactosamine] is present in cryptic form in normal RBC and is revealed by neuraminidase treatment. A murine monoclonal antibody (Mab 49H.8) developed against neuraminidase treated human RBC was reactive against a variety of human tumors. We have characterized the human tumor associated TF antigen detected by this antibody from a human transitional bladder carcinoma cell line (647V), a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (LS174T), and a pleural effusion fluid of a breast adenocarcinoma patient (PE 89). A heterologous sandwich radioimmunoassay for TF antigen was developed using Mab 49H.8 as the catcher and 125I-peanut agglutinin as the probe. Detergent extracts of 647V and LS174T cells, media conditioned by culturing these cells, and PE 89 were shown to contain the antigen by this assay. The specificity of the antigen capture by Mab 49H.8 in this assay was demonstrated by its selective inhibition by nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, phenyl-beta-D-galactoside, and a TF hapten. Preliminary studies on TF antigen in serum samples using this assay showed that about 53.7% of the carcinoma samples contained an antigen concentration greater than 200 units/ml whereas for 90.9% of the normal samples the antigen concentration was below 200 units/ml. These studies demonstrated that the TF antigen is shed by the tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. The TF antigen was sensitive to treatment with alkali (0.1 M NaOH for 5 h at 37 degrees C) and periodate (10 mM sodium periodate for 1 h at room temperature), was resistant to acidic pH (50 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.5, for 5 h at 37 degrees C), and could be extracted with perchloric acid (0.6 M for 1 h at 4 degrees C). The antigen was shown to be a high molecular weight glycoprotein (Mr greater than 1,000,000) by gel filtration chromatography. The density of the antigen was estimated to be about 1.35 g/ml by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The antigen could be isolated from conditioned media by a combination of affinity chromatography and gel filtration with an overall purification of about 61,432-fold and a final recovery of 53.2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Disaccharides', 'Haptens', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,196,117
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.285.050', 'D23.050.550.325', 'D23.101.140.075'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750'], ['D23.050.550.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychological needs underlying the creative process.
|
The 25-year follow-up study of the motivation underlying creativity of 10 highly creative women indicated that they create primarily to satisfy inner psychological needs for self-understanding, control, and mastery.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Art', 'Creativity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Motivation', 'Writing']
| 1,529,073
|
[['F01.058'], ['K01.093'], ['F01.752.264', 'F02.463.785.302'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of physical training on the myocardium of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
|
Effects of endurance swimming training on myocardial contractility and left ventricular myosin isoenzymes were examined in diabetic rats. A diabetic condition was induced in 15-week-old male Wistar rats, by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Swimming training was carried out for five to six weeks (90 min/day, 6 days/week). In order to estimate myocardial contractility, the isometric developed tension of the isolated left ventricular papillary muscle was measured. Myosin isoenzymes were obtained by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. Fasting blood glucose of the trained group was significantly lower than that of the sedentary group (sedentary vs. trained = 409.6 +/- 25.9 vs. 266.3 +/- 20.5 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in isometric developed tension (T) between the two groups, and the dT/dtmax of the trained group showed a tendency to increase (sedentary vs. trained, T: 2.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.8 g/mm2, dT/dtmax: 23.1 +/- 3.6 vs. 26.2 +/- 3.5 g/mm2.s, p less than 0.1). Myocardial mechanical responses to isoproterenol and dibutyryl cAMP were increased in the trained group. Left ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern was shifted towards VM-1 by endurance swimming (sedentary vs. trained, VM-1: 5.6 +/- 4.5 vs. 19.6 +/- 8.8%, p less than 0.001, VM-3: 75.1 +/- 10.0 vs. 54.9 +/- 14.7%, p less than 0.001). These results indicate that endurance swimming can improve disordered glucose metabolism and also influence myocardial contractility, myocardial catecholamine responsiveness, and energetics in myocardial contraction.
|
['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myosins', 'Physical Exertion', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Streptozocin', 'Swimming']
| 2,976,593
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['G11.427.683'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels modulate human placental trophoblast syncytialization.
|
Regulation of human placental syncytiotrophoblast renewal by cytotrophoblast migration, aggregation/fusion and differentiation is essential for successful pregnancy. In several tissues, these events are regulated by intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa), in part through their ability to regulate cell volume. We used cytotrophoblasts in primary culture to test the hypotheses that IKCa participate in the formation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast and in syncytiotrophoblast volume homeostasis. Cytotrophoblasts were isolated from normal term placentas and cultured for 66 h. This preparation recreates syncytiotrophoblast formation in vivo, as mononucleate cells (15 h) fuse into multinucleate syncytia (66 h) concomitant with elevated secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cells were treated with the IKCa inhibitor TRAM-34 (10 µM) or activator DCEBIO (100 µM). Culture medium was collected to measure hCG secretion and cells fixed for immunofluorescence with anti-IKCa and anti-desmoplakin antibodies to assess IKCa expression and multinucleation respectively. K+ channel activity was assessed by measuring 86Rb efflux at 66 h. IKCa immunostaining was evident in nucleus, cytoplasm and surface of mono- and multinucleate cells. DCEBIO increased 86Rb efflux 8.3-fold above control and this was inhibited by TRAM-34 (85%; p<0.0001). Cytotrophoblast multinucleation increased 12-fold (p<0.05) and hCG secretion 20-fold (p<0.05), between 15 and 66 h. Compared to controls, DCEBIO reduced multinucleation by 42% (p<0.05) and hCG secretion by 80% (p<0.05). TRAM-34 alone did not affect cytotrophoblast multinucleation or hCG secretion. Hyposmotic solution increased 86Rb efflux 3.8-fold (p<0.0001). This effect was dependent on extracellular Ca2+, inhibited by TRAM-34 and 100 nM charybdotoxin (85% (p<0.0001) and 43% respectively) but unaffected by 100 nM apamin. In conclusion, IKCa are expressed in cytotrophoblasts and their activation inhibits the formation of multinucleated cells in vitro. IKCa are stimulated by syncytiotrophoblast swelling implicating a role in syncytiotrophoblast volume homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of IKCa in pathophysiological conditions could compromise syncytiotrophoblast turnover and volume homeostasis in pregnancy disease.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Fusion', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Placenta', 'Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated', 'Pregnancy', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rubidium Radioisotopes', 'Trophoblasts']
| 24,595,308
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['G03.143'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A16.710'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.150'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D01.496.749.740'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
"He's probably overdosed on something!".
|
A 16 year old boy presented with extreme violent behaviour requiring physical restraint. Acute drug intoxication was mooted as a probable cause of his condition. The case illustrates that the causes of altered consciousness and aggressive behaviour are many and varied and that life-threatening conditions need to be considered and excluded in cases of this nature.
|
['Adolescent', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drug Overdose', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meningitis, Meningococcal', 'Violence']
| 8,338,456
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.171'], ['C25.775.383', 'E02.319.306.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.625.549.449', 'C01.207.180.500.750', 'C10.228.228.180.500.750', 'C10.228.614.280.505'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[123I]beta-CIT SPECT in multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration.
|
Differentiation between Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders with parkinsonian features, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), is difficult on clinical grounds. We studied the pattern of dopaminergic degeneration in 18 patients with probable MSA, 8 patients with PSP, 4 patients with CBD, 48 patients with PD and a similar degree of disability, and 14 control subjects performing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 20 hours after injection of [123I]beta-CIT. Overall striatal binding was significantly reduced in MSA (-51% of normal mean), PSP (-60%), CBD (-35%), and PD (-58%), without overlap with control values. Asymmetry of striatal beta-CIT binding was significantly increased in patients with CBD and PD, as compared with control subjects. Although asymmetry seemed to be less pronounced in MSA and PSP than in PD, this was not statistically significant. Putamen-caudate nucleus ratios in patients with PD, MSA, and PSP, but not with CBD, were significantly reduced, as compared with control subjects. In conclusion, [123I]beta-CIT SPECT reliably enables the visualization of the presynaptic dopaminergic lesion in patients with MSA, PSP, and CBD. In most patients, however, it does not seem to be possible to differentiate these disorders from PD with this method.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cocaine', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple System Atrophy', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 11,104,200
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.177.575.550', 'C10.228.140.079.612', 'C10.228.662.550', 'C10.574.928.625'], ['C10.574'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['C10.228.140.079.882', 'C10.228.662.700', 'C10.292.562.750.500', 'C10.574.945.500', 'C10.597.622.447.690', 'C11.590.472.500', 'C23.888.592.636.447.690'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Soluble adhesion molecules in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine serum levels of soluble (s) adhesion molecules in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and to determine whether differences exist in these levels among the 3 subtypes of JRA, and whether levels of these molecules correlate with other measures of disease activity.METHODS: Serum levels of soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-3, vascular (V) CAM-1, L-selectin, and E-selectin were determined by sandwich ELISA in 16 patients with JRA (6 systemic, 6 polyarticular, 4 pauciarticular). Differences in levels among JRA subtypes were determined by ANOVA, and correlations between levels and the following clinical variables were assessed by linear regression analysis: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total white blood cell count (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), and total swollen joint count (JC).RESULTS: sE-selectin levels were significantly higher in patients with systemic disease compared to other subtypes (p<0.04). Furthermore, there was a trend toward higher levels of sICAM-1 in systemic disease, which did not reach statistical significance. Significant correlations were found between sE-selectin and ESR (r = 0.68, p<0.006), WBC (r = 0.70, p<0.003), and PLT (r = 0.54, p<0.05) and between sL-selectin and WBC (r = 0.55, p<0.03).CONCLUSION: Because of the small number of patients studied, and the lack of age matched control data, our results must be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, levels of sE-selectin, and possibly ICAM-1 appear to be relatively elevated in systemic JRA, and may indicate cytokine induction and endothelial cell activation in that subtype. Several molecules, especially sE-selectin, correlate with hematologic variables in JRA. These results suggest that serum levels of these molecules may provide a useful additional marker for disease activity in certain patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'E-Selectin', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'L-Selectin', 'Male', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prognosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Solubility']
| 10,493,690
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.300', 'D12.776.503.843.300', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.300', 'D23.050.301.350.700.300'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.395.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.503.843.510', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.903', 'D23.050.301.350.625.903', 'D23.050.301.350.700.510'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detecting active methanogenic populations on rice roots using stable isotope probing.
|
Methane is formed on rice roots mainly by CO2 reduction. The present study aimed to identify the active methanogenic populations responsible for this process. Soil-free rice roots were incubated anaerobically under an atmosphere of H2/(13CO2) or N2/(13CO2) with phosphate or carbonate (marble) as buffer medium. Nucleic acids were extracted and fractionated by caesium trifluoroacetate equilibrium density gradient centrifugation after 16-day incubation. Community analyses were performed for gradient fractions using terminal restriction fragment polymorphism analysis (T-RFLP) and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. In addition, rRNA was extracted and analysed at different time points to trace the community change during the 16-day incubation. The Methanosarcinaceae and the yet-uncultured archaeal lineage Rice Cluster-I (RC-I) were predominant in the root incubations when carbonate buffer and N2 headspace were used. The analysis of [13C]DNA showed that the relative 16S rRNA gene abundance of RC-I increased whereas that of the Methanosarcinaceae decreased with increasing DNA buoyant density, indicating that members of RC-I were more active than the Methanosarcinaceae. However, an unexpected finding was that RC-I was suppressed in the presence of high H2 concentrations (80%, v/v), which during the early incubation period caused a lower CH4 production compared with that with N2 in the headspace. Eventually, however, CH4 production increased, probably because of the activity of Methanosarcinaceae, which became prevalent. Phosphate buffer appeared to inhibit the activity of the Methanosarcinaceae, resulting in lower CH4 production as compared with carbonate buffer. Under these conditions, Methanobacteriaceae were the prevalent methanogens. Our study suggests that the active methanogenic populations on rice roots change in correspondence to the presence of H2 (80%, v/v) and the type of buffer used in the system.
|
['Carbon Isotopes', 'Euryarchaeota', 'Methane', 'Oryza', 'Plant Roots', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 15,683,393
|
[['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['B02.200'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['A18.400'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mediation of the discriminative stimulus properties of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) by the putative 5-HT1A receptor.
|
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate the putative 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) from saline in a 2-lever operant drug discrimination paradigm. The 8-OH-DPAT cue was found to be highly selective; neither the 5-HT receptor agonists, quipazine, LSD, MK 212 and RU 24969, the 5-HT releasing agent, p-chloroamphetamine, nor the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, were able to substitute for 8-OH-DPAT in tests of generalization. In contrast, both buspirone and TVX Q 7821, which like 8-OH-DPAT have high affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT1A recognition site, generalized to the 8-OH-DPAT cue in a dose-dependent manner. The discriminative stimulus properties of 8-OH-DPAT were not antagonized by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, or the selective beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, betaxolol and ICI 118.551, indicating that neither 5-HT2 receptors, nor beta-adrenoceptors play a significant role in the behaviour. However, the 8-OH-DPAT cue was antagonized stereoselectively by pindolol and alprenolol, which have relatively high affinity and stereoselectivity for 5-HT1, but not 5-HT2, recognition sites. Similarly, the capacity of TVX Q 7821 to generalize to the 8-OH-DPAT cue could be blocked by pindolol. In view of the fact that 8-OH-DPAT has negligible affinity for the 5-HT1B site, the above results are consistent with its discriminative stimulus properties being mediated by the putative 5-HT1A receptor. Moreover, agonist activity at central 5-HT1A receptors may be an important mechanism contributing to the anxiolytic properties of buspirone and TVX Q 7821.
|
['8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin', 'Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Alprenolol', 'Animals', 'Buspirone', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Generalization, Psychological', 'Male', 'Naphthalenes', 'Pindolol', 'Pyrimidines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Tetrahydronaphthalenes']
| 2,881,789
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.400', 'D04.615.638.960.400'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.055', 'D02.033.755.624.698.055', 'D02.092.063.624.698.055'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.779.120', 'D03.383.606.210', 'D03.383.742.120', 'D04.711.120'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['F02.463.425.357'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.699', 'D02.033.755.624.698.699', 'D02.092.063.624.698.699'], ['D03.383.742'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960', 'D04.615.638.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection suppresses allergic airways disease by inducing regulatory T-cells.
|
An inverse association exists between some bacterial infections and the prevalence of asthma. We investigated whether Streptococcus pneumoniae infection protects against asthma using mouse models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease (AAD). Mice were intratracheally infected or treated with killed S. pneumoniae before, during or after OVA sensitisation and subsequent challenge. The effects of S. pneumoniae on AAD were assessed. Infection or treatment with killed S. pneumoniae suppressed hallmark features of AAD, including antigen-specific T-helper cell (Th) type 2 cytokine and antibody responses, peripheral and pulmonary eosinophil accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The effect of infection on the development of specific features of AAD depended on the timing of infection relative to allergic sensitisation and challenge. Infection induced significant increases in regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers in lymph nodes, which correlated with the degree of suppression of AAD. Tregs reduced T-cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine release. The suppressive effects of infection were reversed by anti-CD25 treatment. Respiratory infection or treatment with S. pneumoniae attenuates allergic immune responses and suppresses AAD. These effects may be mediated by S. pneumoniae-induced Tregs. This identifies the potential for the development of therapeutic agents for asthma from S. pneumoniae.
|
['Animals', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immune System', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Respiratory Hypersensitivity', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 20,525,707
|
[['B01.050'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['C08.127.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['A15.382'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320.500'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C08.674', 'C20.543.480.680'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differences in teenage pregnancy rates among five developed countries: the roles of sexual activity and contraceptive use.
|
CONTEXT: Adolescent pregnancy, birth, abortion and sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates are much higher in the United States than in most other developed countries.METHODS: Government statistics or nationally representative survey data were supplemented with data collected by private organizations or for regional or local populations to conduct studies of adolescent births, abortions, sexual activity and contraceptive use in Canada, the United States, Sweden, France and Great Britain.RESULTS: Adolescent childbearing is more common in the United States (22% of women reported having had a child before age 20) than in Great Britain (15%), Canada (11%), France (6%) and Sweden (4%); differences are even greater for births to younger teenagers. A lower proportion of teenage pregnancies are resolved through abortion in the United States than in the other countries; however, because of their high pregnancy rate, U.S. teenagers have the highest abortion rate. The age of sexual debut varies little across countries, yet American teenagers are the most likely to have multiple partners. A greater proportion of U.S. women reported no contraceptive use at either first or recent intercourse (25% and 20%, respectively) than reported nonuse in France (11% and 12%, respectively), Great Britain (21% and 4%, respectively) and Sweden (22% and 7%, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Data on contraceptive use are more important than data on sexual activity in explaining variation in levels of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing among the five developed countries; however, the higher level of multiple sexual partnership among American teenagers may help explain their higher STD rates.
|
['Abortion, Induced', 'Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Adult', 'Birth Rate', 'Canada', 'Coitus', 'Contraception Behavior', 'Developed Countries', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Maternal Age', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Adolescence', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sweden', 'United Kingdom', 'United States']
| 11,804,433
|
[['E04.520.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308.985.775.500', 'N01.224.935.849.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775.500'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['F01.145.802.188', 'G08.686.784.041'], ['F01.145.688.500', 'G08.686.784.891.500'], ['I01.615.500.250'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.494'], ['F01.145.802'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Development, growth, and biomass simulations of two common wetland tree species in Texas.
|
Monitoring the health and condition of wetlands using biological assessments can serve as an effective tool for environmental managers to better evaluate and monitor the status and trends of their wetland ecosystems. Woody species can be used as conspicuous biological assessment tools due to their direct response to environmental change, such as hydrologic alteration. The purpose of this study is to use field-measured morphological measurement indices to develop and optimize tree growth parameters and growth curves using multi-model combination approach to improve tree biomass estimations. Field morphological investigations were conducted for two common wetland tree species in Texas. A range of morphological characteristics including leaf area index, height, and biomass was measured for black willow (Salix nigra Marsh) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) sampled from 15 sites in a wetland near Cameron, Texas. The measured morphological parameters were used to optimize tree growth and development with the ALMANAC model. The developed tree growth parameters and growth curves were subsequently used in the APEX model to simulate tree biomass at the catchment scale. Both models accurately simulated biomass of trees growing in the wetland. This accurate biomass prediction will be useful to advance science to better monitor and assess wetland health on a large scale (e.g. national or global).
|
['Biomass', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Hydrology', 'Salix', 'Texas', 'Trees', 'Wetlands']
| 30,112,684
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['H01.158.273.248.875', 'H01.277.249.875', 'J01.293.622'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.875.833'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750'], ['B01.650.915'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
MPPa-PDT suppresses breast tumor migration/invasion by inhibiting Akt-NF-êB-dependent MMP-9 expression via ROS.
|
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women, with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor metastasis is implicated in most breast cancer deaths; thus, inhibiting metastasis may provide a therapeutic direction for breast cancer. In the present study, pyropheophorbide-á methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) was used to inhibit metastasis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.METHODS: Uptake of MPPa was detected by fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). ROS generation was detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The migration of cells was assessed by wound healing assay, and invasion ability was assessed by Matrigel invasion assay. Levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by PCR. Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-NF-êB p65 (Ser536) and NF-êB p65 were measured by western blotting. The F-actin cytoskeleton was observed by immunofluorescence. Lung tissue was visualized by hematoxylin and eosin staining.RESULTS: Following MPPa-PDT, migration and invasion were decreased in the MCF-7 cells. MPPa-PDT downregulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, which are responsible for the initiation of metastasis. MPPa-PDT reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-êB. MPPa-PDT also reduced the expression of F-actin in cytoskeleton in MCF-7 cells. These effects were blocked by the reactive oxygen species scavenger NAC or the Akt activator SC79, while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or the Akt inhibitor triciribine enhanced these effects. Moreover, MPPa-PDT inhibited tumor metastasis and destroyed F-actin in vivo.CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPPa-PDT inhibits the metastasis of MCF-7 cells both in vitro and in vivo and may be involved in the Akt/NF-êB-dependent MMP-9 signaling pathway. Thus, MPPa-PDT may be a promising treatment to inhibit metastasis.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Survival', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factor RelA', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 31,783,821
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.346'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Medium's conductivity and stage of growth as crucial parameters for efficient hydrocarbon extraction by electric field from colonial micro-algae.
|
The green algae Botryococcus braunii produces a high amount of extracellular hydrocarbon, making it a promising algae in the field of bio-fuels production. As it mainly produces squalene like hydrocarbons, cosmetic industries are also interested in its milking. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) are an innovative method allowing oil extraction from micro-algae. In common algae accumulating hydrocarbon inside cytoplasm (Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis sp., etc), electric fields can destroy cell membranes, allowing the release of hydrocarbon. However, for B.braunii, hydrocarbons adhere to the cell wall outside of cells as a matrix. In a previous article we reported that electric fields can unstick cells from a matrix, allowing hydrocarbon harvesting. In this work, we deeper investigated this phenomenon of cell hatching by following 2 parameters: the conductivity of the medium and the cultivation duration of the culture. Cell hatching is accurately evaluated by both microscopic and macroscopic observations. For high conductivity and a short time of cultivation, almost no effect is observed even after up to 1000 PEF pulses are submitted to the cells. While lower conductivity and a longer cultivation period allow strong cell hatching after 200 PEF pulses are applied to the cells. We identify 2 new crucial parameters, able to turn the method from inefficient to very efficient. It might help companies to save energy and money in case of mass production.
|
['Biofuels', 'Cell Wall', 'Chlorophyta', 'Culture Media', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Hydrocarbons', 'Squalene']
| 29,729,644
|
[['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['A11.284.183'], ['B01.650.940.150'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['D02.455'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.806', 'D02.455.849.919.681']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of antigen-specific versus by-stander IgE production after antigen sensitization.
|
IgE is critical in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. In this report, we investigated the differential regulation of antigen-specific and by-stander IgE. Ovalbumin (OVA) immunization did not increase IgE producing cells in the spleen, but significantly enhanced the intracellular IgE content of all IgE+ cells. In contrast, OVA induced a significant increase of IgE+ cells in the draining lymph nodes (LN). Furthermore, OVA-specific IgE was detected only in the ex vivo cultures of the draining LN but not the spleen cells, while total IgE was increased in both cultures. These results indicated that antigen-specific IgE was mainly produced in the draining LN, while the spleen was a major source for by-stander IgE. Anti-IL-4, but not anti-IL-13, antibody blocked the expansion of IgE producing cells in the draining LN as well as systemic OVA-specific and total IgE levels, indicating IL-4 was important in both antigen-specific IgE generation and total IgE upregulation.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Alum Compounds', 'Animals', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Interleukin-13', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Ovalbumin', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms', 'Spleen', 'Up-Regulation']
| 15,474,525
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['D01.056.025', 'D01.875.800.800.850.025'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['C20.543'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.513', 'D12.776.467.374.465.513', 'D23.529.374.465.513'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['G06.320.676'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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