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[Interactions between patients and physicians: why should we care about gender issues?].
|
This article presents the major findings of research on medical interactions from a gender perspective. Male and female physicians give the same amount of medical informations to their patients, but male physicians discuss less the psychosocial aspects of the illness. Male physicians ask less medical and psychosocial questions, and patients provide them with less information. Female physicians adopt more partnership-behaviors and display more affiliative nonverbal behaviors. Patients behave less dominantly with male than with female physicians. Finally, male patients are given less signs of empathy and receive less information, whatever the gender of the physician.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Physicians', 'Sex Factors']
| 20,806,560
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Relationships between the presence of anti-Tat antibody, DNA and RNA viral load.
|
The possible relationships between the intensity of humoral response to full length Tat protein, the amount of proviral DNA reservoir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and RNA viral load were analyzed in plasma samples obtained from a group of HIV-1 seropositive subjects, who never received any antiretroviral therapy. All HIV-1 patients showed detectable levels of serum IgG to full-length Tat by immunoenzymatic assay. We found a higher percentage of HIV-1 seropositive subjects with low levels of antibody in the presence of barely detectable proviral DNA copies (< or =10 copies/1.5x10(5) PBMCs) and a high anti-Tat antibody response accompanied by variable (from >10(1) to > or =10(3) copies/1.5x10(5) PBMCs) levels of DNA load (p=0.011). Moreover, an inverse relationship between anti-Tat antibody titers and HIV-1 RNA viral load was demonstrated HIV-1 seropositive patients. In HIV-1-infected patients, a strong humoral immune response against HIV-1 transactivating Tat protein, able to down-modulate viral replication in peripheral blood, does not seem to inhibit the number of proviral DNA molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Even though our data strongly confirm the "positive" role of anti-Tat antibody on viral replication, the persistence of significant amount of DNA viral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, despite high level of anti Tat antibody, suggests a more cautious approach to HIV-1 Tat-containing vaccines, able to stimulate an immune specific response to transactivating Tat protein sufficient in inhibiting circulating virus, but not completely efficient in decreasing proviral DNA integration.
|
['Adult', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Gene Products, tat', 'HIV Antibodies', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'RNA, Viral', 'Viral Load', 'tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 11,497,076
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D12.776.260.755.199', 'D12.776.930.900.199', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.440'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['D12.776.260.755.199.500', 'D12.776.930.900.199.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.773', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750.500', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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| 0
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Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome is an elusive early complication of traumatic shock resuscitation.
|
BACKGROUND: The term secondary abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) has been applied to describe trauma patients who develop ACS but do not have abdominal injuries. The purpose of this study was to describe major trauma victims who developed secondary ACS during standardized shock resuscitation.METHODS: Our prospective database for standardized shock resuscitation was reviewed to obtain before and after abdominal decompression shock related data for secondary ACS patients. Focused chart review was done to confirm time-related outcomes.RESULTS: Over the 30 months period ending May 2001, 11 (9%) of 128 standardized shock resuscitation patients developed secondary ACS. All presented in severe shock (systolic blood pressure 85 +/- 5 mm Hg, base deficit 8.6 +/- 1.6 mEq/L), with severe injuries (injury severity score 28 +/- 3) and required aggressive shock resuscitation (26 +/- 2 units of blood, 38 +/- 3 L crystalloid within 24 hours). All cases of secondary ACS were recognized and decompressed within 24 hours of hospital admission. After decompression, the bladder pressure and the systemic vascular resistance decreased, while the mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and static lung compliance increased. The mortality rate was 54%. Those who died failed to respond to decompression with increased cardiac index and did not maintain decreased bladder pressure.CONCLUSIONS: Secondary ACS is an early but, if appropriately monitored, recognizable complication in patients with major nonabdominal trauma who require aggressive resuscitation.
|
['Abdominal Injuries', 'Adult', 'Compartment Syndromes', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Resuscitation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Shock, Traumatic', 'Thoracic Injuries', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,488,160
|
[['C26.017'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.651.180', 'C14.907.303'], ['E04.188'], ['E02.319.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.365.647'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.550.835.888', 'C26.797'], ['C26.891'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Alterations in 32P-labelled intermediates during flux activation of human platelet glycolysis.
|
Using a newly developed isotopic tracer technique for the measurement of 32P-labelled intermediates in glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism in platelets, we studied the variations in 32P-labelled intermediates during activation of the glycolytic flux by cyanide and platelet-activating agents. The major variations occurred in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2, dihydroxy acetone phosphate, ATP and Pi. There was a quantitative covariance between the increase in lactate production and the rise in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2 induced by different platelet-activating agents. In contrast, cyanide induced weaker activation of the flux and greater accumulation of [32P]Fru-1,6-P2. Variations in 32P-labelled intermediates were apparent 5 s after flux activation, but the major changes in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2 occurred much later and fell in periods in which a constant lactate formation was maintained. The cyanide-induced changes in 32P-labelled intermediates depended on the extracellular level of glucose, showing a predominant ATP----Pi conversion in glucose-depleted medium that shifted to an ATP----Fru-1,6-P2 conversion at excess glucose. At about 50 microM glucose, flux activation occurred without major changes in [32P]Fru-1,6-P2, dihydroxy acetone phosphate and Pi, with only a small fall in [32P]ATP. The data provide evidence for a role of the aldolase reaction in flux control and demonstrate rapid changes in Fru-1,6-P2 and ATP during flux activation with an additional role for Fru-1,6-P2 as an energy buffer during post-activation periods.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Blood Platelets', 'Calcimycin', 'Collagen', 'Cyanides', 'Epinephrine', 'Fructosediphosphates', 'Glycolysis', 'Humans', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Phosphates', 'Thrombin']
| 6,437,451
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['D09.894.417.313.300', 'D09.894.417.592.300'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MAO-B inhibition by a single dose of l-deprenyl or lazabemide does not prevent neuronal damage following focal cerebral ischaemia in rats.
|
The present study investigated the effect of postischaemic infusion of an irreversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, l-deprenyl, an equipotent dose of a reversible MAO-B inhibitor, lazabemide, or 0.9% NaCl on infarct volumes following focal cerebral ischaemia in rats. The drug doses (0.3 mg/kg) were selected to induce selective MAO-B inhibition (45-55%), but not MAO-A inhibition. The infarct volumes in the cortex or in the striatum did not differ between the experimental groups 72 hr after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which suggests that during ischaemia/reperfusion, suppressed oxidative stress by partial MAO-B inhibition or MAO-B independent mechanisms such as induction of trophic factors, does not protect against ischaemia/reperfusion damage.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Male', 'Monoamine Oxidase', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Neurons', 'Picolinic Acids', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Selegiline']
| 11,129,505
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['D08.811.682.664.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D03.066.707', 'D03.383.725.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.092.471.683.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Isolated 'idiopathic' micropenis: hidden genetic defects?
|
Micropenis is defined as a stretched penile length of less than 2-2.5SD for age. Aetiologies include hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, testicular dysgenesis, defects in testosterone synthesis, androgen resistance [5á-reductase (5áR) deficiency or partial androgen insensitivity] and other rare causes like growth hormone GH deficiency. Often, the cause remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether isolated micropenis with normal plasma testosterone could hide a molecular defect in the androgen pathway. Twenty-six boys with isolated micropenis were included in this study. All of them had 46,XY karyotype, normal luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and a normal plasma testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin testing. Androgen receptor (AR), 5áR and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) genes were sequenced. A mutation in the AR gene was found in two patients, and a new mutation in the SF1 gene was found in one patient who was the only one to have a low level of inhibin B (InhB). This is the first report of isolated micropenis as a revealing symptom of AR and SF1 mutations. Anti-Mullerian hormone and InhB should thus be evaluated in patients with isolated micropenis, even when plasma testosterone is in the normal range. Detection of gene mutations is helpful for diagnosis, treatment and genetic counselling for probands.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Genital Diseases, Male', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Penis', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Steroidogenic Factor 1', 'Testosterone']
| 21,535,007
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['C12.294'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.826.925'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 1
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Arginine vasotocin activates phosphoinositide signal transduction system and potentiates N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat pineal gland.
|
The pineal gland is innervated by pinealopetal peptidergic fibers originating in the hypothalamic nuclei which release arginine vasopressin (AVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) from their endings. Since the mechanism of AVT action on the pineal signal transduction and melatonin synthesis has not been determined so far, we examined the effect of AVT on the phosphoinositide signalling system and the N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in the rat pineal gland. The effect of AVP 4-9 fragment and AVP analogue desmopressin was also tested. The phosphoinositide signalling system was studied by measuring 32P labelling of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) which reflects PI cycle activation. AVT (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) induced a significant increase in 32P labelling of PI, PIP and PIP2. The AVT mediated activation of the PI signal cascade was supressed by the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist. The desmopressin and AVP 4-9 fragment were without the effect on PI signalling. To assess the AVT role in the melatonin synthesis we studied the daily pattern of the pineal NAT activity in rats treated by AVT (10 microg/100 g b.w). AVT application in the dark period of the day significantly increased nocturnal NAT activity. It can be summarized that AVT activates PI signalling system and potentiates NAT activity in the rat pineal gland.
|
['Animals', 'Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Deamino Arginine Vasopressin', 'Male', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphatidic Acids', 'Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Pineal Gland', 'Propranolol', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Vasopressin', 'Second Messenger Systems', 'Vasotocin']
| 10,203,240
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.174', 'D27.505.696.560.311'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.138'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100.250', 'D12.644.400.900.100.250', 'D12.644.456.925.100.250', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100.250', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100.250'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D10.570.755.375.760'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['A06.300.635', 'A06.688.733', 'A08.186.211.180.200.680', 'A08.186.211.200.317.200.620', 'A08.713.733'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.910', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.900'], ['G02.111.820.800', 'G04.835.800'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.881', 'D12.644.548.691.692.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association analysis of AKT1 and schizophrenia in a UK case control sample.
|
AKT1 (V-akt murine thyoma viral oncogene homolog 1) is involved in intracellular signalling pathways postulated as of aetiological importance in schizophrenia. Markers in the AKT1 gene have also recently been associated with schizophrenia in two samples of European origin and in Japanese and Iranian samples. Aiming to replicate these findings, we examined ten SNPs spanning AKT1 in a UK case-control sample (schizophrenia cases n=673, controls n=716). These included all SNPs previously reported to be associated in European, Japanese and Iranian samples, alone or in haplotypes, as well as additional markers defined by the Haploview Tagger program (pair-wise tagging, minimum r(2)=0.8, minor allele frequency=0.02). We found no association with single markers (min p=0.17). We found weak evidence for association (p=0.04) with a four marker haplotype reported as significant in the original positive European sample of Emamian et al. [Emamian, E.S., Hall, D., Birnbaum, M.J., Karayiorgou, M., Gogos, J.A., 2004. Convergent evidence for impaired AKT1-GSK3beta signaling in schizophrenia. Nat. Genet. 36, 131-137] and also an overlapping three marker haplotype (p=0.016) that had previously been reported as significant in a Japanese sample. Nominal p-values for these haplotypes did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our study provides at best weak support for the hypothesis that AKT1 is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Examination of our own data and those of other groups leads us to conclude that overall, the evidence for association of AKT1 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia is weakly positive, but not yet convincing.
|
['Adult', 'Alleles', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Schizophrenia', 'United Kingdom']
| 17,383,860
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.330'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['F03.700.750'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Postoperative electromyographic function of tendon transfers in patients with cerebral palsy.
|
Electromyographic studies were performed on 13 patients with cerebral palsy before and after flexor carpi ulnaris transfers. No changes in activity of the extensor digit communis were noted in the transferred muscles. This further validates the rationale of pre-operative planning based on such studies.
|
['Cerebral Palsy', 'Child', 'Electromyography', 'Hand Deformities, Acquired', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Motor Skills', 'Muscles', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Tendon Transfer']
| 2,227,142
|
[['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['C05.390.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['F02.808.260'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.555.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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| 0
|
Recommended antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in 2009 in 11 East European countries: implementation of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility programme in this region is crucial.
|
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is a major problem worldwide. Quality-assured and quality-controlled AMR surveillance data on gonococci globally are crucial for public health purposes. In East European countries, knowledge regarding gonococcal AMR and its prevalence is limited.OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the recommendations for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in 11 East European countries, valuable information for introducing an international gonococcal AMR surveillance programme.METHODS: A questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the types, doses and manufacturers of the antimicrobials recommended for gonorrhoea treatment in all countries.RESULTS: Ceftriaxone (250-1000 mg, intramuscularly (IM)?1) was reported as a first-line antimicrobial in all countries (n=11). Many of the second-line and alternative treatments seemed suboptimal for empirical treatment. Regionally manufactured antimicrobials were predominantly used and easily available, and some may be of suboptimal quality. This generates effective prerequisites for emergence, and rapid spread of gonococcal AMR and gonorrhoea.CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone was first-line antimicrobial in all the 11 East European countries, which is an appropriate choice also in a global perspective. However, the adherence, especially among private physicians, to these public sector recommendations is questionable. Implementation of national and international gonococcal AMR surveillance in this region is crucial; to provide evidence-based data for regular and timely updating of treatment guidelines, to identify emerging resistance, and to assist in the prevention, control and containment of gonococcal AMR and gonorrhoea.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Europe, Eastern', 'Gonorrhea', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Population Surveillance', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 20,460,266
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['Z01.542.248'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis - United States.
|
Tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise healthy adults and children, despite the availability of low-cost, effective antibacterial therapy. Recognition early in the clinical course is critical because this is the period when antibacterial therapy is most effective. Early signs and symptoms of these illnesses are nonspecific or mimic other illnesses, which can make diagnosis challenging. Previously undescribed tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to be recognized, and since 2004, three additional agents have been described as causes of human disease in the United States: Rickettsia parkeri, Ehrlichia muris-like agent, and Rickettsia species 364D. This report updates the 2006 CDC recommendations on the diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases in the United States and includes information on the practical aspects of epidemiology, clinical assessment, treatment, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention of tickborne rickettsial diseases. The CDC Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, in consultation with external clinical and academic specialists and public health professionals, developed this report to assist health care providers and public health professionals to 1) recognize key epidemiologic features and clinical manifestations of tickborne rickettsial diseases, 2) recognize that doxycycline is the treatment of choice for suspected tickborne rickettsial diseases in adults and children, 3) understand that early empiric antibacterial therapy can prevent severe disease and death, 4) request the appropriate confirmatory diagnostic tests and understand their usefulness and limitations, and 5) report probable and confirmed cases of tickborne rickettsial diseases to public health authorities.
|
['Anaplasmosis', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Doxycycline', 'Ehrlichiosis', 'Humans', 'Rickettsia Infections', 'Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever', 'Tick-Borne Diseases', 'United States']
| 27,172,113
|
[['C01.150.252.400.054.500', 'C01.150.252.400.082', 'C01.920.930.163', 'C22.085'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E01.171'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['C01.150.252.400.054.750', 'C01.150.252.400.285', 'C01.920.930.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.789.725', 'C01.920.914.725'], ['C01.150.252.400.789.725.400.500', 'C01.920.930.887.500'], ['C01.920.930'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
In vivo processing of the precursor of the major exoglucanase by KEX2 endoprotease in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretory pathway.
|
We have established the main post-translational modification of the major exoglucanase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the enzyme progresses through the secretory pathway. The protein portion of the enzyme accumulated by sec18 cells was about 2 kDa larger than that of the secreted enzyme. This precursor (form A) was stable when maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum but was processed to the mature form (form B) before the block imposed by the sec7 mutation. Sec7 cells, when incubated at 37 degrees C, accumulated form B first, but upon prolonged incubation, form A was preferentially accumulated. When the supply of newly synthesized exoglucanase was prevented by the addition of cycloheximide, the accumulated A was transformed into B in the presence of altered Sec7p that still prevented secretion. Conversion of A into B was prevented in the double mutant sec7 kex2-1, indicating that Kex2p is central to the in vivo processing. Consistent with this, a KEX2 deletion mutant secreted form A exclusively. Conversion of A into B was also prevented in sec7 cells by the presence of dinitrophenol, a poison that depletes ATP levels, indicating that processing is dependent upon intracellular transport which involves ER --> Golgi and/or, at least, one intra-Golgi step(s). It follows that this transport step(s) is independent of functional Sec7p.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Biological Transport', 'Enzyme Precursors', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase', 'Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Isoenzymes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Proprotein Convertases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Subtilisins', 'Vesicular Transport Proteins', 'beta-Glucosidase']
| 9,244,183
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G03.143'], ['D08.622', 'D12.776.811.243'], ['D12.776.354'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.500'], ['D12.644.360.325.300', 'D12.776.476.325.300'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.277.656.837'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.787', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.787'], ['D12.776.543.990'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of pneumonia in children: comparison of MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T with chest radiographs.
|
BACKGROUND: Although there has been a study aimed at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of pneumonia in children at a low magnetic field (0.2T), there is no study which assessed the efficacy of MRI, particularly with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T, for evaluating pneumonia in children.PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of chest MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T for evaluating pneumonia in children by comparing MRI findings with those of chest radiographs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an Institutional Review Board-approved, HIPPA-compliant prospective study of 40 consecutive pediatric patients (24 boys, 16 girls; mean age 7.3 years ± 6.6 years) with pneumonia, who underwent PA and lateral chest radiographs followed by MRI within 24 h. All MRI studies were obtained in axial and coronal planes with two different fast imaging sequences: T1-weighted FFE (Fast Field Echo) (TR/TE: 83/4.6) and T2-weigthed B-FFE M2D (Balanced Fast Field Echo Multiple 2D Dimensional) (TR/TE: 3.2/1.6). Two experienced pediatric radiologists reviewed each chest radiograph and MRI for the presence of consolidation, necrosis/abscess, bronchiectasis, and pleural effusion. Chest radiograph and MRI findings were compared with Kappa statistics.RESULTS: All consolidation, lung necrosis/abscess, bronchiectasis, and pleural effusion detected with chest radiographs were also detected with MRI. There was statistically substantial agreement between chest radiographs and MRI in detecting consolidation (k = 0.78) and bronchiectasis (k = 0.72) in children with pneumonia. The agreement between chest radiographs and MRI was moderate for detecting necrosis/abscess (k = 0.49) and fair for detecting pleural effusion (k = 0.30).CONCLUSION: MRI with fast imaging sequences is comparable to chest radiographs for evaluating underlying pulmonary consolidation, bronchiectasis, necrosis/abscess, and pleural effusion often associated with pneumonia in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pneumonia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography, Thoracic']
| 21,816,896
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700.730']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Promoter for Sindbis virus RNA-dependent subgenomic RNA transcription.
|
Sindbis virus is a positive-strand RNA enveloped virus, a member of the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. Two species of mRNA are synthesized in cells infected with Sindbis virus; one, the 49S RNA, is the genomic RNA; the other, the 26S RNA, is a subgenomic RNA that is identical in sequence to the 3' one-third of the genomic RNA. Ou et al. (J.-H. Ou, C. M. Rice, L. Dalgarno, E. G. Strauss, and J. H. Strauss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5235-5239, 1982) identified a highly conserved region 19 nucleotides upstream and 2 nucleotides downstream from the start of the 26S RNA and proposed that in the negative-strand template, these nucleotides compose the promoter for directing the synthesis of the subgenomic RNA. Defective interfering (DI) RNAs of Sindbis virus were used to test this proposal. A 227-nucleotide sequence encompassing 98 nucleotides upstream and 117 nucleotides downstream from the start site of the Sindbis virus subgenomic RNA was inserted into a DI genome. The DI RNA containing the insert was replicated and packaged in the presence of helper virus, and cells infected with these DI particles produced a subgenomic RNA of the size and sequence expected if the promoter was functional. The initiating nucleotide was identical to that used for Sindbis virus subgenomic mRNA synthesis. Deletion analysis showed that the minimal region required to detect transcription of a subgenomic RNA from the negative-strand template of a DI RNA was 18 or 19 nucleotides upstream and 5 nucleotides downstream from the start of the subgenomic RNA.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sindbis Virus', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection']
| 2,319,651
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['B04.820.578.875.054.860'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Fulminant diphtheria myocarditis in an unvaccinated preschool child].
|
We describe a case of a three year old unvaccinated child who developed a fulminant diphtheric myocarditis and nephritis four days after the onset of a tonsillar diphtheria. Despite of the administration of antitoxin on day three and four the child died within 48 hours from the beginning of rhythm disturbances. The cardiac involvement rapidly progressed from bradyarrhythmias with the necessity of a temporary pacemaker to ventricular rhythm disturbances with cardiac failure and final ventricular fibrillation.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Corynebacterium diphtheriae', 'Critical Care', 'Diphtheria', 'Diphtheria Antitoxin', 'Electrocardiography', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocarditis', 'Nephritis', 'Travel']
| 10,592,928
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['B03.510.024.250.150', 'B03.510.460.400.400.200.150'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.246.388'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.438', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601.438', 'D20.215.401.601.388'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['C12.777.419.570', 'C13.351.968.419.570'], ['I03.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Specificity of interaction of INI1/hSNF5 with retroviral integrases and its functional significance.
|
Integrase interactor 1 (INI1)/hSNF5 is a host factor that directly interacts with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase and is incorporated into HIV-1 virions. Here, we show that while INI1/hSNF5 is completely absent from purified microvesicular fractions, it is specifically incorporated into HIV-1 virions with an integrase-to-INI1/hSNF5 stoichiometry of approximately 2:1 (molar ratio). In addition, we show that INI1/hSNF5 is not incorporated into related primate lentiviral and murine retroviral particles despite the abundance of the protein in producer cells. We have found that the specificity in incorporation of INI1/hSNF5 into HIV-1 virions is directly correlated with its ability to exclusively interact with HIV-1 integrase but not with other retroviral integrases. This specificity is also reflected in our finding that the transdominant mutant S6, harboring the minimal integrase interaction domain of INI1/hSNF5, blocks HIV-1 particle production but not that of the other retroviruses in 293T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that INI1/hNSF5 is a host factor restricted for HIV-1 and that S6 acts as a highly specific and potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'HIV Integrase', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Integrases', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Retroviridae', 'SMARCB1 Protein', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Transcription Factors', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques', 'Virion']
| 14,963,118
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D08.811.739.500.667.500', 'D08.811.913.696.445.825.500', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.500', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.500', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.500'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.739.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['D12.776.260.716', 'D12.776.660.235.650', 'D12.776.664.235.900', 'D12.776.930.809'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D12.776.930'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870'], ['A21.249']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of radiotherapy in renal involvement in acute childhood leukemia.
|
Twenty-one children with acute leukemia received irradiation to the renal area for the following reasons: hypertension (2 patients); oliguria (5 patients); mass-related symptoms (5 patients); and as an adjuvant to supportive medical management in preventing renal failure (9 patients). All but 2 patients exhibited bone marrow exacerbation. The results of treatment with radiotherapy are discussed. Total doses in the range of 600-1,200 rads are suggested.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Renal', 'Infant', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Oliguria']
| 1,188,120
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.331', 'C13.351.968.419.331', 'C14.907.489.631'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C12.777.934.600', 'C13.351.968.934.600', 'C23.888.942.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
New findings concerning early bone grafting procedures in patients with cleft lip and palate.
|
The following paper reports on our investigations of long-term results of 177 primary bone grafting procedures carried out in the period from 1959 to 1969. In an assessment of possible influential factors (multivariate statistical analysis), neither age at operation, dental hygiene, cleft form, aplasia or loss of teeth near cleft nor the surgeon was found to influence the success of the primary bone grafting procedure. The only significant correlation we found was that between cleft width and Bergland Index. In small clefts up to 4 mm wide, Bergland Index IV was not recognized. However, no cleft larger than 8 mm developed a Bergland Index I. Our results lead to the conclusion that primary bone grafting in wide clefts should not be performed as a single-stage procedure. We presume that, in wide clefts, a two-stage primary bone grafting procedure would likely have led to better long-term results.
|
['Bone Transplantation', 'Cleft Lip', 'Cleft Palate', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Time Factors']
| 8,530,704
|
[['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['C07.465.409.225', 'C07.465.525.164', 'C07.650.525.164', 'C16.131.850.525.164'], ['C05.500.460.185', 'C05.660.207.540.460.185', 'C07.320.440.185', 'C07.465.525.185', 'C07.650.500.460.185', 'C07.650.525.185', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460.185', 'C16.131.850.500.460.185', 'C16.131.850.525.185'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
KIF14 promotes AKT phosphorylation and contributes to chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer.
|
Despite evidence that kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) can serve as a prognostic biomarker in various solid tumors, how it contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. We observed that experimental decrease in KIF14 expression increases docetaxel chemosensitivity in estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, "triple-negative" breast cancers (TNBC). To investigate the oncogenic role of KIF14, we used noncancerous human mammary epithelial cells and ectopically expressed KIF14 and found increased proliferative capacity, increased anchorage-independent grown in vitro, and increased resistance to docetaxel but not to doxorubicin, carboplatin, or gemcitabine. Seventeen benign breast biopsies of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers showed increased KIF14 mRNA expression by fluorescence in situ hybridization compared to controls with no known mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, suggesting increased KIF14 expression as a biomarker of high-risk breast tissue. Evaluation of 34 cases of locally advanced TNBC showed that KIF14 expression significantly correlates with chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer. KIF14 knockdown also correlates with decreased AKT phosphorylation and activity. Live-cell imaging confirmed an insulin-induced temporal colocalization of KIF14 and AKT at the plasma membrane, suggesting a potential role of KIF14 in promoting activation of AKT. An experimental small-molecule inhibitor of KIF14 was then used to evaluate the potential anticancer benefits of downregulating KIF14 activity. Inhibition of KIF14 shows a chemosensitizing effect and correlates with decreasing activation of AKT. Together, these findings show an early and critical role for KIF14 in the tumorigenic potential of TNBC, and therapeutic targeting of KIF14 is feasible and effective for TNBC.
|
['BRCA1 Protein', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Kinesin', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Oncogene Proteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms']
| 24,784,001
|
[['D12.776.313.125', 'D12.776.624.776.100', 'D12.776.660.100', 'D12.776.744.100', 'D12.776.930.137'], ['D23.101.140'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.500', 'D12.776.220.600.450.450', 'D12.776.631.560.450'], ['E02.186.450'], ['D12.776.624.664'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['C04.588.180.788', 'C17.800.090.500.788']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lymphohistiocytic and granulomatous phlebitis in penile lichen sclerosus.
|
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that may affect the genital and/or extragenital skin of individuals of either sex at all ages. In boys, the prepuce is the most common site of involvement. The diagnostic criteria of LS include the presence of inflammatory infiltrates mainly composed of T lymphocytes. We report on two cases of LS of the prepuce because of the unusual feature of lymphocytic (CD45RO+ and CD20+), histiocytic (CD68+), and granulomatous phlebitis. This lesion was not present in a group of another 18 cases of childhood penile LS. We have not been able to find any references describing and illustrating inflammatory involvement of the dermal vein walls in LS. Unlike the data reported in the literature, the dermal inflammatory infiltrates of these two cases showed a similar proportion of B and T lymphocytes in addition to frequent CD68+ histiocytes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antigens, CD', 'Child', 'DNA, Viral', 'Granuloma', 'Histiocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Penile Diseases', 'Phlebitis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 10,949,456
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['A11.329.372.385', 'A11.627.482.385', 'A11.733.397.385', 'A15.382.670.522.385', 'A15.382.680.397.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C17.800.859.475.605'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C12.294.494'], ['C14.907.617.718', 'C14.907.940.740'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic variation in leaf pigment, optical and photosynthetic function among diverse phenotypes of Metrosideros polymorpha grown in a common garden.
|
Coordinated variation has been reported for leaf structure, composition and function, across and within species, and theoretically should occur across populations of a species that span an extensive environmental range. We focused on Hawaiian keystone tree species Metrosideros polymorpha, specifically, 13-year old trees grown (2-4 m tall) in a common garden (approximately 1 ha field with 2-3 m between trees) from seeds collected from 14 populations along an altitude-soil age gradient. We determined the genetic component of relationships among specific leaf area (SLA), the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins), and photosynthetic light-use efficiency. These traits showed strong ecotypic variation; SLA declined 35% with increasing source elevation, and area-based concentrations of N, Chl a + b and Car increased by 50, 109 and 96%, respectively. Concentrations expressed on a mass basis were not well related to source elevation. Pigment ratios expressed covariation that suggested an increased capacity for light harvesting at higher source elevation; Chl/N and Car/Chl increased with source elevation, whereas Chl a/b declined; Chl a/b was higher for populations on younger soil, suggesting optimization for low N supply. Parallel trends were found for the photosynthetic reactions; light-saturated quantum yield of photosystem II (Phi (PSII)) and electron transport rate (ETR) increased with source elevation. Correlations of the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, pigment ratios, and photosynthetic function across the ecotypes indicated a stoichiometric coordination of the components of the light-harvesting antennae and reaction centers. The constellation of coordinated morphological, biochemical and physiological properties was expressed in the leaf reflectance and transmittance properties in the visible and near-infrared wavelength region (400-950 nm), providing an integrated metric of leaf status among and between plant phenotypes.
|
['Altitude', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Fluorescence', 'Genetic Variation', 'Hawaii', 'Myrtaceae', 'Nitrogen', 'Phenotype', 'Photosynthesis', 'Pigments, Biological', 'Plant Leaves', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 17,124,568
|
[['G16.500.275.058', 'N06.230.058'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G05.365'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.375', 'Z01.639.760.815.482'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.773'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['D23.767'], ['A18.024.812'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Isolation, culture and characterization of epithelial cells derived from rat ventral prostate.
|
Epithelial-cell enriched primary cultures have been established from rat ventral prostate (RVP). Minced ventral prostates were dissociated with 0.5% collagenase in F12K tissue culture medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum. This treatment resulted in the gradual removal of stromal elements from the base of the epithelial cells. After 60 minutes of digestion the aggregates of epithelial cells were washed and plated at high density in F12K plus 10% horse serum. After 48 hours in vitro the unattached cells were removed from the culture dishes, washed, and reinoculated into new culture vessels containing fresh medium. After 96 hours in vitro, the aggregates had attached to the culture vessels and spread out to yield discrete patches of epithelial cells. By 144 hours in vitro the patches of cells had grown and coalesced to form a semi-confluent monolayer of epithelial cells. Ultrastructrual examination of these cultures indicated that adjacent cells were joined by desmosomes and tight junctions and had formed "lumen-like structures" into which projected microvilli. In addition, the cells contained secretory granules and tonofilaments, giving them a morphological appearance similar to prostate epithelial cells in the intact organ. The primary cultures also retained histochemical activities for acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and succinic dehydrogenase that were similar to the intact organ.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Separation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Hydrolases', 'Male', 'Microbial Collagenase', 'Organoids', 'Prostate', 'Rats', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase']
| 6,251,735
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.436'], ['D08.811.277'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.500'], ['A10.802'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Survival of motor neuron protein over-expression prevents calpain-mediated cleavage and activation of procaspase-3 in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells.
|
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor neurons, is the most common genetic cause of infant death. This incurable disease is caused by the absence of a functional SMN1 gene and a reduction in full length survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. In this study, a neuroprotective function of SMN was investigated in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells using an adenoviral vector to over-express SMN protein. The pro-survival capacity of SMN was assessed in an Akt/PI3-kinase inhibition (LY294002) model, as well as an oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) and excitotoxic (glutamate) model. SMN over-expression in SH-SY5Y cells protected against Akt/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibition, but not oxidative stress, nor against excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. Western analysis of cell homogenates from SH-SY5Y cultures over-expressing SMN harvested pre- and post-Akt/PI3-kinase inhibition indicated that SMN protein inhibited caspase-3 activation via blockade of calpain-mediated procaspase-3 cleavage. This study has revealed a novel anti-apoptotic function for the SMN protein in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, the cell death model described herein will allow the assessment of future therapeutic agents or strategies aimed at increasing SMN protein levels.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Calpain', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Humans', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein']
| 21,333,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.120', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.120'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.157.725.875.500', 'D12.776.580.922.500', 'D12.776.664.962.875.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs.
|
1. This report describes two cases of psychotic syndrome from benztropine (Cogentin), which was used to treat haloperidol-induced extrapyramidal side effects. The patients' symptomatology meets DSM III criteria for delirium. Both patients displayed repetitive motor automatisms (stereotypy). 2. Symptomatology appeared one-to-two days after the start of benztropine 2 mg b.i.d. and subsided one-to-several days after benztropine was stopped. Treatment consisted of administration of sedative hypnotic drugs. 3. The literature on anticholinergic-induced psychotic syndromes is surveyed. Particular attention is drawn to the occurrence of stereotypy. 4. It is proposed, on the basis of a review of animal and clinical data, that stereotypies in delirious patients are related to muscarinic blockade in the central nervous system. This model is used to explain repetitive motor automatisms which are seen in Alzheimer's disease. 5. The paper concludes with brief guidelines for the management of anticholinergic delirium.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Benztropine', 'Delirium', 'Diazepam', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced', 'Ethchlorvynol', 'Female', 'Haloperidol', 'Humans', 'Imipramine', 'Phenobarbital', 'Psychoses, Substance-Induced', 'Stereotyped Behavior', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Tropanes']
| 7,202,232
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.145.074.722.270', 'D03.132.889.244', 'D03.605.084.500.722.270', 'D03.605.869.270'], ['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C10.228.662.262.500', 'C10.597.350.275', 'C10.720.312', 'C23.888.592.350.275', 'C25.100.750', 'C25.723.705.200'], ['D02.033.260.335'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.300.240.485'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['C25.723.809', 'C25.775.746', 'F03.700.675.600', 'F03.900.746'], ['F01.145.896'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['D02.145.074.722', 'D03.132.889', 'D03.605.084.500.722', 'D03.605.869']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A case of primary hydatidosis of the thyroid gland.
|
A 54-year-old woman presented with an expansive mass in the anterior cervical region (front of the neck) with abscess. Laboratory tests and thyroid profile proved normal. Surgical exploration revealed a hydatid cyst in the left lobe of the thyroid gland with parasitic metastasis of the left lateral cervical lymph node chain. Postoperative examination of the nodule showed it to be a solitary primary thyroid hydatid cyst.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Echinococcosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 10,568,129
|
[['E01.171'], ['C01.610.335.190.396'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C19.874'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
High-throughput transformation method for Yarrowia lipolytica mutant library screening.
|
As a microorganism of major biotechnological importance, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is subjected to intensive genetic engineering and functional genomic analysis. Future advancements in this area, however, require a system that will generate a large collection of mutants for high-throughput screening. Here, we report a rapid and efficient method for high-throughput transformation of Y. lipolytica in 96-well plates. We developed plasmids and strains for the large-scale screening of overexpression mutant strains, using Gateway® vectors that were adapted for specific locus integration in Y. lipolytica. As an example, a collection of mutants that overexpressed the alkaline extracellular protease (AEP) was obtained in a single transformation experiment. The platform strain that we developed to receive the overexpression cassette was designed to constitutively express a fluorescent protein as a convenient growth reporter for screening in non-translucid media. An example of growth comparison in skim milk-based medium between AEP overexpression and deletion mutants is provided.
|
['Gene Library', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Testing', 'Genetics, Microbial', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Molecular Biology', 'Plasmids', 'Transformation, Genetic', 'Yarrowia']
| 26,100,263
|
[['G05.360.325'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['H01.158.273.343.330', 'H01.158.273.540.367'], ['E05.916.680'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.728.865'], ['B01.300.107.795.980', 'B01.300.930.980']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations assessment questionnaire in Korea.
|
Treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to target (T2T) is an international initiative to provide the rheumatology community with clear direction on treatment targets for RA. We performed a nationwide survey in Korea among rheumatologists to measure the levels of agreement with international T2T recommendations and to assess their practical application in Korea. A questionnaire was administered to 111 physicians. Responses were assessed using a 10-point Likert scale for the level of agreement with each of 10 recommendations and a 4-point Likert scale for the degree to which each recommendation was being applied in current daily practice. Respondents were also asked whether these recommendations would result in a change in their practice. This report outlines the consensus reached for T2T in Korea and compares those results with data obtained internationally. Agreement with T2T recommendations was high with average response scores above 8.3. The majority of respondents indicated they applied the recommendations "always" and "very often" in daily practice. More than half of the participants not currently applying these recommendations were willing to change their practice, but the percentage of Korean physicians willing to change was consistently more than the international average. The results of this survey of T2T recommendations in Korean rheumatologists revealed a good correlation with the views of the international rheumatology community. These results could be utilized to define key issues for better disease control in daily practice and used as a reference to improve the treatment environment.
|
['Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Physicians', 'Remission Induction', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Republic of Korea', 'Rheumatology', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,030,629
|
[['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Cancer of the urachus].
|
We report a case of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the urachus. Preoperative diagnosis was established by computerized axial tomography. An en bloc resection was performed, including the urachus with supravesical mass and bladder dome.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Urachus', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 1,484,188
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A16.890'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The in vitro chondrotoxicity of single-dose local anesthetics.
|
BACKGROUND: The administration of amide-type local anesthetics to cartilaginous tissues has revealed potential chondrotoxicity.PURPOSE: This study evaluated whether administration of single doses of 1% lidocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine, and 0.5% ropivacaine resulted in decreased chondrocyte viability or cartilage matrix degradation in vitro.STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study.METHODS: Monolayer human chondrocytes and intact cartilage samples were cultured for 1 week in media. Each drug was delivered in a custom bioreactor over its clinical duration of action. A Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay was used to determine the ratio of dead to live cells for monolayer chondrocyte cultures compared with controls. Damage to the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in en bloc cartilage samples was evaluated by analysis of DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen content.RESULTS: Chondrocytes treated for 3 hours with a single dose of 1% lidocaine exhibited significantly more cell death (7.9%) compared with control media (2.9%; P < .001). No significant difference in cell death was observed in chondrocytes treated for 6 hours with 0.25% bupivacaine (2.7%) versus controls (2.8%; P = .856) or cells treated for 12 hours in 0.5% ropivacaine (2.9%) versus controls (2.4%; P = .084). There was no significant difference in GAG expression (P = .627) or DNA-normalized GAG expression (P = .065) between the intact cartilage treatment groups; however, the DNA-normalized GAG expression was markedly lower in cartilage cultures treated with 1% lidocaine (3.36 ± 1.15) compared with those in control media (7.61 ± 3.83).CONCLUSION: The results of this in vitro study indicate that a single-dose administration of 1% lidocaine resulted in a significant decrease in chondrocyte viability when compared with control cultures.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Single-dose injections of 1% lidocaine may be significantly chondrotoxic, and further investigation regarding in vivo chondrotoxicity appears warranted.
|
['Anesthetics, Local', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chondrocytes', 'Humans']
| 22,287,644
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['A11.329.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of cystic duct patency: comparison of functional MR cholangiography with gadoxetate disodium and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in suspected acute cholecystitis.
|
PURPOSE: This study aims to compare assessment of cystic duct patency between gadoxetate disodium MRI and hepatobiliary scintigraphy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study of patients who underwent gadoxetate disodium MRI within 16 h of scintigraphy.RESULTS: The gallbladder filled on MRI and scintigraphy in 8 patients, none with acute cholecystitis. The mean time to gallbladder filling was 14.6 and 18.9 min for MRI and scintigraphy, respectively. The gallbladder did not fill on both MRI and scintigraphy in 3 patients, all of whom had acute cholecystitis.CONCLUSION: Evaluation of cystic duct patency using gadoxetate disodium MRI is comparable to hepatobiliary scintigraphy.
|
['Adult', 'Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance', 'Cholecystitis, Acute', 'Contrast Media', 'Cystic Duct', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radionuclide Imaging']
| 27,240,319
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.100', 'E01.370.372.207'], ['C06.130.564.263.500'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['A03.159.183.079.450'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Postpartum dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dissecting aneurysms arising from the vertebrobasilar complex are rare and difficult to manage. More of their natural history needs to be known before treatment can be optimized.CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a postpartum dissecting aneurysm of the right vertebrobasilar artery in a 31-year-old woman that was confirmed by angiographic identification of a double lumen. The intracranial segment of the right vertebral artery was thrombosed proximal to the aneurysm. The patient, managed conservatively, recovered well and, when reexamined 2 months later, was found to be neurologically intact. A repeat angiographic study at that time demonstrated that the aneurysm had resolved.CONCLUSIONS: Proximal occlusion may have protected the aneurysm from rupture and further dissection, thereby making surgery unnecessary.
|
['Adult', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Basilar Artery', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Postpartum Period']
| 1,731,411
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['A07.015.114.106'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.702']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The primary structure of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase from Photobacterium leiognathi: evidence for a separate evolution of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase in bacteria.
|
The complete amino-acid sequence of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of the Photobacterium leiognathi was determined. The fragmentation strategy employed included cyanogen bromide cleavage at its methionine residues and the only tryptophan residue. The S-carboxymethylated chain was further cleaved by means of trypsin, in order to obtain overlapping fragments. For sequence determination automated solid or liquid-phase techniques of Edman degradation were used. C-Terminal amino acids of the entire chain were determined after treatment with carboxypeptidase A. Comparison of the primary structure of this bacterial Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase with the established amino-acid sequences of the other eukaryotic Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases revealed clear homologies. Correspondingly, the Cu-Zn-binding amino-acid residues of the active centre were localized: His45, His47, His70, His79, His125 and Asp91. The two cysteine residues in position 52 and 147 were homologous to the cysteine residues, modelling the essential intrachain disulfide bridge of the corresponding bovine enzyme. As only 25-30% of aligned sequence positions were found to be identical, the enzyme of P. leiognathi shows only a remote phylogenetic relationship towards eukaryotic Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases. When compared to the established phylogenetic tree of the cytochrome c family, this indicates a separate evolution of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase in Photobacterium. Therefore, a natural gene transfer from the eukaryotic host (ponyfish) to the prokaryotic photobacterium, which Martin and Fridovich postulated 1981 (J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6080-6089) on the basis of amino-acid compositions, can be excluded.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Biological Evolution', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Photobacterium', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Trypsin']
| 6,884,993
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['B03.440.450.900.604', 'B03.660.250.830.590'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Minimal access aortic root, valve, and complex ascending aortic surgery.
|
We report our entire experience with minimal access aortic root, valve, and complex ascending aortic surgery. A total of 290 consecutive patients underwent aortic root, valve, and ascending aortic surgery between July 1996 and February 2000. Four groups were identified: isolated aortic valve replacement (AV group, n = 227), aortic root replacement (AR group, n = 44), aortic valve replacement with concomitant replacement of the supracoronary ascending aorta (V/A group, n = 9), and isolated ascending aortic replacement (AA group, n = 10). The procedures were performed through a partial upper hemisternotomy (87%) or a right parasternal approach (13%). Overall mortality was 3.1% (n = 7) for the AV group, 2.3% (n = 1) for the AR group, 0% for the V/A group, and 10.0% (n = 1) for the AA group. Complications included reoperation for bleeding in 10 (4.5%), two (4.7%), one (11.1%), and one (11.1%) for the four groups respectively; and sternal wound infection in eight (3.6%) patients of the AV group and one (2.3%) patient of the AR group. Five (2.3%) patients of the AV group suffered stroke. Isolated or more complicated aortic valve, root and ascending aortic surgery is feasible and safe through a minimally invasive approach with acceptable incidence of complications and mortality, without compromising the efficacy of the procedure.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aorta', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Aortic Valve', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,060,583
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['C14.907.109'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.502'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antimicrobial activity, antiaflatoxigenic potential and in situ efficacy of novel formulation comprising of Apium graveolens essential oil and its major component.
|
The present study reports the formulation of Apium graveolens essential oil (AGEO) with its major components linalyl acetate (LA) and geranyl acetate (GA) (1:1:1) as a novel green preservative for protection of postharvest food commodities from fungal infestations, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion, free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. The essential oil based novel formulation displayed considerable inhibitory action against fourteen food borne molds responsible for deterioration of stored food commodities, in addition to the most toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPR14) isolated from fungal and aflatoxin contaminated rice seeds. The observed higher efficacy of designed formulation was due to the synergistic action of essential oil and its major components. Fungal plasma membrane was recorded as the possible target site of antifungal action of the formulation as revealed through reduction in membrane ergosterol content, increased intracellular propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence and enhanced leakage of cellular ions (sodium, potassium, calcium) and 260, 280 nm absorbing materials. Further, inhibition of methylglyoxal (an aflatoxin inducer) confirmed the aflatoxin inhibitory potential of novel formulation based on essential oil and its major components. High antioxidant potential as observed through DPPH and ABTS·+ radical scavenging assay, improved phenolic content, considerable inhibition of lipid peroxidation in stored rice seeds, in situ efficacy on AFB1 inhibition in food system under storage container system, acceptable sensorial characteristics and favorable safety profile during animal trials suggest the recommendation of the designed formulation for large scale application as green preservative by food and agriculture based industries against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of stored commodities.
|
['Aflatoxins', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Apium', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Oils, Volatile']
| 31,519,243
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.094'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D10.627.675']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SnapShot: SMC Protein Complexes Part II.
|
This second of two SnapShots on SMC proteins depicts their roles at different stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The composition and architecture of SMC protein complexes and their regulators appear in SMC Protein Complexes Part I (available at http://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674%2815%2901690-6.pdf). To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'Eukaryotic Cells', 'Humans', 'Multiprotein Complexes']
| 26,871,638
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['A11.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increasing prevalence of diabetes in middle or low income residents in Louisiana from 2000 to 2009.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the trends in the prevalence of diabetes in patients who received medical care from the Louisiana State University Health Care Services Division (LSUHCSD) hospital system between 2000 and 2009.METHODS: The study population included 969,609 unique outpatients and inpatients between 2000 and 2009. The diabetes cases were identified by using ICD-9 code (250*). The annual diabetes prevalence was calculated as the number of unique individuals with an ICD-9 diabetes during the year divided by the number of unique individuals visiting the LSUHCSD hospitals during the year.RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes in LSUHCSC hospital patients aged ? 20 years increased by 36.2% during 2000-2009, from 10.5% to 14.3%. The rise in age-standardized prevalence of diabetes from 2000 to 2009 occurred in men (from 8.9% to 13.3%) and women (from 11.5% to 15.0%), and in white (from 8.9% to 13.1%), African (from 11.7% to 15.8%) and other race Americans (from 8.2% to 10.4%). The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was higher in women than in men (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The annual prevalence of diabetes has dramatically increased from 2000 to 2009 in both men and women and in all races of the population served by the LSUHCSD hospitals.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Income', 'International Classification of Diseases', 'Louisiana', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty', 'Prevalence', 'Sex Distribution', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 21,889,811
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['L01.453.245.945.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Radiation response in 10 high-grade human soft tissue sarcoma xenografts to photons and fast neutrons.
|
From a panel of 48 human soft tissue sarcomas growing as permanent xenografts, 10 tumor lines (five leiomyosarcomas, three malignant fibrous histiocytomas, two neurofibrosarcomas) have been selected to determine the radiation response to photons and fast neutrons. Using the specific growth delay (SGD) as an end-point, considerable variability of inherent radiosensitivity was observed. Isoeffective radiation doses varied by a factor of 27 for photons and of 9.4 for neutrons at a specific growth delay level of 0.5. The heterogeneity of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at this specific growth delay-level differed by a factor of 8. Relative biological effectiveness values for clamped tumors exceeded those of the normal tissues (RBE approximately 3) in 6 out of 10 tumor lines. Assuming a ratio of 0.5 for oxygen enhancement ratio-values of neutrons and photons, a therapeutic gain for neutrons existed in 4 out of 10 tumor lines under oxic conditions. No correlation between volume doubling times and relative biological effectiveness was seen.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Fast Neutrons', 'Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous', 'Humans', 'Leiomyosarcoma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neurofibroma', 'Radiation', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Relative Biological Effectiveness', 'Sarcoma', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 2,170,308
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G01.249.660.250.368'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.425.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.455', 'C04.557.450.795.455'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.557.580.600.580', 'C10.551.775.500.750', 'C10.668.829.725.500.600'], ['G01.750'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['N06.850.810.250.275'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['C04.588.839'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ocular biometry and refractive outcomes using two swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometers with segmental or equivalent refractive indices.
|
This study compared the axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean anterior corneal radius of curvature (Rm), and postoperative refractive outcomes obtained from two different swept-source optical coherence biometers, the ARGOS (Movu, Nagoya, Japan), which uses the segmental refractive index for each segment, and the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), which uses an equivalent refractive index for the entire eye. One hundred and six eyes of 106 patients with cataracts were included. The refractive outcomes using the Barrett Universal II, Haigis, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T formulas were evaluated. The mean AL, CCT, ACD, and Rm differed significantly (P < 0.001) with the IOLMaster 700 (25.22 mm, 559 µm, 3.23 mm, and 7.69 mm) compared with the ARGOS (25.14 mm, 533 µm, 3.33 mm, and 7.66 mm). The mean LTs did not differ significantly. The percentages of eyes within ±0.50 and ±1.00 diopter of the predicted refraction did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The accuracy of the intraocular lens power calculations was clinically acceptable with both biometers, although the ocular biometry using these two biometers exhibited certain differences.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Axial Length, Eye', 'Biometry', 'Cataract', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferometry', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Refractometry', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 31,024,017
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A09.371.199', 'E01.370.600.115.100.660.500'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['C11.510.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.490'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.196.808', 'H01.671.617.755'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic markers associated with antibody response kinetics in adult chickens.
|
A linkage disequilibrium approach with microsatellites was employed to investigate QTL affecting immune response. Highly inbred males of two MHC-congenic Fayoumi chicken lines were mated with highly inbred G-B1 Leghorn hens. Adult F2 hens (n = 158) were injected twice with SRBC and fixed Brucella abortus (BA). Agglutinating antibody titers were measured. Secondary phase parameters of maximum titers (Ymax) and time (Tmax) needed to achieve Ymax were estimated from postsecondary titers by using a nonlinear regression model. A three-step genotype strategy (DNA pooling, selective genotyping, and whole population genotyping) was used to identify microsatellite markers that are associated with immune response to SRBC and BA. The linkage distances between adjacent markers in the F2 population were estimated by Crimap. The QTL affecting immune response to SRBC and BA were detected based on F statistic by interval mapping. A total of five significant QTL, as determined by a permutation test, were detected at the 5% chromosome-wise level on Chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and Z. Two (Chromosome 3 and 6) of five QTL were significant at the 1% chromosome-wise level. The variance explained by the QTL ranged from 6.46 to 7.50%. The results suggest that regions on Chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and Z contain QTL that affect antibody kinetics in the hen.
|
['Agglutination Tests', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antibody Formation', 'Brucella abortus', 'Brucellosis', 'Chickens', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genotype', 'Kinetics', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 12,762,390
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.050', 'E05.200.812.735.050', 'E05.478.594.760.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['B03.440.400.425.215.500.100', 'B03.660.050.070.100.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.167'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G05.348.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['C22.131.728'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacology of all-trans-retinoic acid in children with acute promyelocytic leukemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Due to severe side effects in virtually all children treated with a standard dose of 45 mg/m(2)/day all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) the AML-BFM study group reduced the dosage to 25 mg/m(2)/day. For the lack of data on the use of ATRA at this dosage in children with APL, the study group further decided to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ATRA in children.PROCEDURE: Twenty-three pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of ATRA were studied in 14 children (aged 0.9-18.4 years) with APL. Eleven plasma samples were collected over a period of 8 hr and analyzed for ATRA and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: Peak plasma concentrations of ATRA were characterized by wide interpatient variability (range: 28.6-513.0 nM). Compared to adults the same metabolic pathways were observed in children. Even though peak plasma concentrations were in the lower range of those considered effective in vitro, ATRA side effects, notably neurotoxicity, still required dose reduction, treatment break, or drug withdrawal in eight patients. In this small number of patients, neurotoxicity could not be related to age or any specific level of ATRA or metabolites in the plasma. Plasma concentrations of vitamin A, however, were significantly higher in those patients, who developed signs of neurotoxicity (P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test).CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low plasma concentrations and the persistence of toxicity in spite of dose reduction intermittent dosing schedules might be considered as an alternative to further dose reduction of ATRA in the treatment of APL especially in children, who might be at risk of ATRA-induced neurotoxicity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Male', 'Neurotoxicity Syndromes', 'Retinoids', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tretinoin']
| 12,652,617
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['C10.720', 'C25.723.705'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700', 'D02.455.849.131.495', 'D23.767.261.700'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evidence of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in prepubescent trained children.
|
Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) is a recognized phenomenon in highly trained adults. Like adult athletes, prepubescent trained children may develop high-level metabolic demand but with a limited lung capacity in comparison with adults. The purpose of this investigation was to search for evidence of EIAH in prepubescent trained children. Twenty-four prepubescent (age: 10.3 +/- 0.2 y) trained children (10.0 +/- 0.7 h of weekly physical activity) performed pulmonary function tests and a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. EIAH was defined as a drop of at least 4% from resting level arterial oxygen saturation (Sao(2)) measured by pulse oximetry. EIAH was observed in seven children. Forced vital capacity (FVC), ventilatory response to exercise (Delta(E)/Deltaco(2)), and breathing reserve at maximal exercise were significantly lower, whereas tidal volume relative to FVC was higher in hypoxemic children than in nonhypoxemic children; weekly physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake were similar. Moreover, positive relationships were found between Sao(2) at maximal exercise and breathing reserve (r = 0.56; p < 0.05) or volume relative to FVC (r = 0.70; p < 0.01). EIAH may occur in prepubescent trained children with a relatively low maximal oxygen uptake (42 mL. min(-1). kg(-1)); however, the mechanisms remain unclear and need to be investigated more accurately.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Puberty', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 14,739,360
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['I02.233.543'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Macrophage adherence prevents apoptosis induced by ricin.
|
Ricin, a lectin with potent protein synthesis inhibitory properties, has been known to cause morphological changes in epithelial cells typical of apoptosis (P. Waring et al., Med. Res. Rev. 11, 1-17 (1991)). In earlier preliminary experiments from this laboratory with murine macrophages and T-blasts (P. Waring, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14,476-14,480 (1990)), it was shown that ricin induces regular DNA fragmentation, a biochemical event also associated with apoptosis. Here we confirm morphologically and by examination of DNA fragmentation that macrophages undergo apoptosis when treated with ricin in a dose-dependent manner. Ricin also inhibits adherence of macrophages to plastic surfaces but does not affect adherence of preadhered macrophages after 7 h of treatment. We also report that adherence significantly diminishes DNA fragmentation induced in macrophages by ricin but has no effect on ricin-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. From these results we may conclude that the property of ricin to induce apoptosis may not be related to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in macrophages. Moreover, the anti-phagocytic activity of ricin may be a direct consequence of its ability to fragment DNA and induce apoptosis and not of its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. We also observed no immediate increase in Ca2+ concentration when macrophages were treated with ricin indicating that ricin-induced apoptosis may not involve the activation of a Ca2+ dependent endonuclease(s).
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Calcium', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Proteins', 'Ricin', 'Time Factors']
| 7,925,496
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D12.776'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.666', 'D12.776.034.756', 'D12.776.503.499.937', 'D12.776.765.678.906.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ametoctradin is a potent Qo site inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiration complex III.
|
Ametoctradin is a new Oomycete-specific fungicide under development by BASF. It is a potent inhibitor of the bc1 complex in mitochondrial respiration. However, its detailed action mechanism remains unknown. In the present work, the binding mode of ametoctradin was first uncovered by integrating molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM/PBSA calculations, which showed that ametoctradin should be a Q(o) site inhibitor of bc1 complex. Subsequently, a series of new 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized to further understand the substituent effects on the 5- and 6-position of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. The calculated binding free energies (ÄG(cal)) of newly synthesized analogues as Qo site inhibitors correlated very well (R(2) = 0.96) with their experimental binding free energies (ÄG(exp)). Two compounds (4a and 4c) with higher inhibitory activity against porcine SQR than ametoctradin were successfully identified. The structural and mechanistic insights obtained from the present study will provide a valuable clue for future designing of a new promising bc1 inhibitor.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Electron Transport Complex III', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Mitochondria', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Oomycetes', 'Pyrimidines', 'Swine', 'Thermodynamics', 'Triazoles']
| 25,784,492
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D05.500.562.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.500', 'D08.811.682.830.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.954', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.303', 'D12.776.543.277.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.468', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.142'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['B01.750.580'], ['D03.383.742'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.906'], ['D03.383.129.799']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Environmental alteration and two distinct mechanisms of E. coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells.
|
We used an in vitro model to investigate Escherichia coli attachment to transitional epithelial cells obtained from bladders of female rats. Adhesive abilities and sensitivity to mannose inhibition differed among the isolates for both epithelial cells and erythrocytes. Adherence of some strains could be modulated by bacterial washes and growth media. Variations in adhesiveness were related to bacterial piliation as determined by transmission electron microscopy. With two strains, mannose inhibition of adherence to epithelial cells was dose-related; however, with a maximal inhibitory dose, adherence was reduced by approximately 80 per cent even when the bacteria-to-epithelial cell ratio was varied. These studies show that adhesiveness and piliation of certain adhesive E. coli strains are either reduced or enhanced by environmental alterations. We conclude that E. coli strains adhere to epithelial cells by at least two distinct mechanisms and that a single isolate may utilize both mechanisms. The more efficient process is pili-mediated and inhibited by mannose whereas undetermined surface components mediate the less efficient but mannose-resistant mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Culture Media', 'Epithelium', 'Escherichia coli', 'Female', 'Fimbriae, Bacterial', 'Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Mannose', 'Rats', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 6,110,645
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A10.272'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A11.284.180.285', 'A20.843'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.370', 'E05.200.812.735.370', 'E05.478.594.760.370'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Computer-based test-bed for clinical assessment of hand/wrist feed-forward neuroprosthetic controllers using artificial neural networks.
|
Neuroprosthestic systems can be used to restore hand grasp and wrist control in individuals with C5/C6 spinal cord injury. A computer-based system was developed for the implementation, tuning and clinical assessment of neuroprosthetic controllers, using off-the-shelf hardware and software. The computer system turned a Pentium III PC running Windows NT into a non-dedicated, real-time system for the control of neuroprostheses. Software execution (written using the high-level programming languages LabVIEW and MATLAB) was divided into two phases: training and real-time control. During the training phase, the computer system collected input/output data by stimulating the muscles and measuring the muscle outputs in real-time, analysed the recorded data, generated a set of training data and trained an artificial neural network (ANN)-based controller. During real-time control, the computer system stimulated the muscles using stimulus pulsewidths predicted by the ANN controller in response to a sampled input from an external command source, to provide independent control of hand grasp and wrist posture. System timing was stable, reliable and capable of providing muscle stimulation at frequencies up to 24Hz. To demonstrate the application of the test-bed, an ANN-based controller was implemented with three inputs and two independent channels of stimulation. The ANN controller's ability to control hand grasp and wrist angle independently was assessed by quantitative comparison of the outputs of the stimulated muscles with a set of desired grasp or wrist postures determined by the command signal. Controller performance results were mixed, but the platform provided the tools to implement and assess future controller designs.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Equipment Design', 'Feedback', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Microcomputers', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Time Factors', 'Wrist']
| 15,587,466
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E05.320'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E07.695'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A01.378.800.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optimization of parameters for anaerobic co-metabolic degradation of TBBPA.
|
The addition of different carbon and nitrogen sources can promote tetrabromobisphenol A degradation to varying degrees under co-metabolism process. A kinetic model was developed to evaluate the degradation efficiency using different carbon and nitrogen sources. Sodium formate was found to be the best carbon source for tetrabromobisphenol A degradation. The degradation rate reached 96.2% with a half-life of 4.1d. Nitrogen supplementation can also accelerate tetrabromobisphenol A degradation. Organic nitrogen is generally better than inorganic nitrogen. A response surface methodology based on the central composite design was applied to determine the optimum conditions. It showed that concentration of sodium formate, yeast extraction, tetrabromobisphenol A, and inoculum size of microorganism were important factors, and the interaction between either of two variables played different roles. Under the optimum conditions (sodium formate 11.5mg/L, yeast extraction 2.5mg/L, TBBPA 1.1mg/L and inoculum size 3.4%), TBBPA degradation rate reached the maximum.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Carbon', 'Kinetics', 'Nitrogen', 'Polybrominated Biphenyls', 'Surface Properties']
| 24,063,822
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.680', 'D02.455.526.368.700'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites, tryptophan and clinical parameters in depression. Part 2. Psychopathological symptoms.
|
The group of 33 severely depressed female patients was divided into 3 equally large subgroups, separately according to their CSF 5-HIAA, HVA, tryptophan and total plasma tryptophan, and the severity of 17 operationally defined psychopathological symptoms was compared between the subgroups containing the highest and lowest biochemical values. Nonparametric statistical testing yielded significant results on several symptoms, when the subgroups were formed from CSF 5-HIAA and HVA. There was only one significant symptom difference between subgroups separated by CSF tryptophan and a few other differences by plasma tryptophan level. The results indicate that lumbar CSF metabolites correlate more with certain individual symptoms than with the global severity of depression.
|
['Anxiety', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Phenylacetates', 'Psychomotor Agitation', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Tryptophan']
| 6,166,645
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['F03.600.300'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['D02.241.223.601'], ['C10.597.350.600', 'C10.597.606.881.700', 'C23.888.592.350.600', 'C23.888.592.604.882.700', 'F01.700.875.700'], ['C10.886.425.800.800', 'F03.870.400.800.800'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of sequential mutation accumulation in pancreas and bile duct brushing cytology.
|
Neoplastic progression is characterized by clonal expansion of tumor cells associated with accumulation of mutational damage. The timing of mutation acquisition could be of value in distinguishing preneoplastic conditions from early and advanced cancer as well as characterizing tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. Using quantitative methods applied to microdissected cell clusters selected according to cytomorphologic features, we sought to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy for determining the time and course of mutation accumulation in pancreatobiliary cytology specimens. In all, 40 pancreatic duct and 21 biliary brushing cytology specimens were retrieved from the cytology database. Xylene-resistant markings were placed on the slide underside and coverslips removed. Clusters of benign, atypical and malignant cells were manually microdissected and DNA extracted. Mutations (allelic imbalance) (loss of heterozygosity) were quantitatively determined for a broad panel of 15 markers (1p, 3p, 5q, 9p, 10q, 17p, 17q, 21q, 22q) as well as point mutation in K-ras-2 using PCR/capillary electrophoresis. Time course was based on earlier mutations having a higher proportion of mutant DNA for a particular marker. The descending frequency of detectable mutational involvement in pancreatic cytology was K-ras-2 point mutation (58%), 3p25-26 and 17q21 (35%), 5q23 (33%), 1p36 (28%), followed by the remaining molecular markers. The descending frequency of mutational content in bile duct cytology was 17p13, 1p36, 3p25-26, and 5q23 followed by remaining molecular markers. K-ras-2 point mutation was not seen in bile duct specimens. While there was overlap in the spectrum of mutational markers in pancreatic duct and biliary brushing cytology, the temporal profile was significantly different (P<0.001). Pancreatic and biliary neoplasia progression involves distinct subset of accumulated defined mutations. Determination of timing of the mutational damage in cytologic material could be incorporated in the work-up and help in making a more definitive diagnosis of malignancy in pancreatobiliary cytology specimens.
|
['Biliary Tract Neoplasms', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3', 'Cytodiagnosis', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Disease Progression', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Microdissection', 'Mutation', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'ras Proteins']
| 16,648,872
|
[['C04.588.274.120', 'C06.130.320', 'C06.301.120'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.250', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.384', 'E05.200.500.384', 'E05.242.384'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.520', 'E01.370.225.750.600.520', 'E01.370.225.998.221.580', 'E04.221.580', 'E05.200.500.620.265', 'E05.200.750.600.520', 'E05.200.998.221.580', 'E05.591.560'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis as a camouflage of prostate invasion secondary to rectum cancer: A case report.
|
INTRODUCTION: Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis is a rare cause of acute scrotum pain characterized by gas formation within the tissue. Diabetes mellitus and recto-seminal fistula secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis are generally accepted as being responsible for this disease. However, prostate invasion secondary to rectal cancer may be considered to be a newly identified pathogenetic mechanism. Herein, we report this rare case and illustrate the pathogenesis.CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old man arrived at our emergency department presenting with sepsis and acute scrotal pain. Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis was diagnosed by scrotal sonography initially; however, advanced rectal cancer with prostate invasion was diagnosed by CT after a recurrent episode. An exploratory laparotomy with abdominoperineal resection and radical prostectomy were performed after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Histopathologic analysis confirmed the previous diagnosis. Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis caused by advanced rectal cancer is very rare, and our case is the first to be reported according to a literature search. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus extended surgery can achieve a good oncological outcome.CONCLUSION: This case indicated that the very rare presentation as emphysematous epididymo-orchitis caused by locally advanced colorectal cancer.
|
['Acute Pain', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Emphysema', 'Epididymitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Orchitis', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Rectum', 'Recurrence', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 27,472,731
|
[['C23.888.592.612.081'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['C23.550.325'], ['C12.294.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C12.294.829.493', 'C19.391.829.493'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
TEOAE amplitude growth, detectability, and response threshold in linear and nonlinear mode and in different time windows.
|
Transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) have been recorded in 60 ears of 31 adult volunteers with nearly normal hearing at stimulus levels ranging from 83 dB SPL peak equivalent down to the individual response threshold using linear and nonlinear recording mode. The stimulus level dependence of response incidence and amplitude has been analysed for the integral response and in time windows selecting response components of limited latency ranges. At stimulus levels above 70 dB SPL peak equivalent the TEOAE records received in linear mode are contaminated with stimulus artifacts. At moderate stimulus levels the TEOAE amplitude differs only to a small extent between the two recording modes. At low levels the linear mode turns out to be better suited for signal detection due to its inherent lower noise level. The response threshold, defined as the highest stimulus level yielding a reproducibility of at least 60%, is significantly correlated to hearing threshold. The consideration of time windowed responses yields best results with respect to incidence and threshold of responses in the latency range between 5 and 10 ms, but it does not enhance frequency specificity.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Audiometry', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Cochlea', 'Female', 'Hearing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 17,654,082
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['F02.830.816.263', 'G07.888.500', 'G11.561.790.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protectin DX increases alveolar fluid clearance in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening critical syndrome resulting largely from the accumulation of and the inability to clear pulmonary edema. Protectin DX, an endogenously produced lipid mediator, is believed to exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects. Protectin DX (5 µg/kg) was injected i.v. 8 h after LPS (14 mg/kg) administration, and alveolar fluid clearance was measured in live rats (n = 8). In primary rat ATII epithelial cells, protectin DX (3.605 ? 10-3 mg/l) was added to the culture medium with LPS for 6 h. Protectin DX improved alveolar fluid clearance (9.65 ± 1.60 vs. 15.85 ± 1.49, p < 0.0001) and decreased pulmonary edema and lung injury in LPS-induced lung injury in rats. Protectin DX markedly regulated alveolar fluid clearance by upregulating sodium channel and Na, K-ATPase protein expression levels in vivo and in vitro. Protectin DX also increased the activity of Na, K-ATPase and upregulated P-Akt via inhibiting Nedd4-2 in vivo. In addition, protectin DX enhanced the subcellular distribution of sodium channels and Na, K-ATPase, which were specifically localized to the apical and basal membranes of primary rat ATII cells. Furthermore, BOC-2, Rp-cAMP, and LY294002 blocked the increased alveolar fluid clearance in response to protectin DX. Protectin DX stimulates alveolar fluid clearance through a mechanism partly dependent on alveolar epithelial sodium channel and Na, K-ATPase activation via the ALX/PI3K/Nedd4-2 signaling pathway.
|
['Acute Lung Injury', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Protective Agents', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sodium Channels', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase']
| 29,700,291
|
[['C08.381.520.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A04.411'], ['D27.505.696.706', 'D27.720.799'], ['A04.411.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Financial analysis of chronic transfusion for stroke prevention in sickle cell disease.
|
Chronic red blood cell transfusion can prevent many of the manifestations of sickle cell disease. The medical costs of chronic transfusion and management of associated side effects, especially iron overload, are considerable. This study was undertaken to evaluate the financial impact of chronic transfusion for stroke prevention in patients with sickle cell anemia. Outpatient charges pertaining to hospital-based Medicare uniform bill (UB-92) codes, professional fees, and iron chelation were evaluated. Data were collected on 21 patients for a total of 296 patient months (mean, 14; median, 14 months/patient). Charges ranged from $9828 to $50 852 per patient per year. UB-92, chelation, and physician-related charges accounted for 53%, 42%, and 5% of total charges, respectively. Of UB-92 charges, 58% were associated with laboratory fees and 16% were related to the processing and administration of blood. Charges for patients who required chelation therapy ranged from $31 143 to $50 852 per patient per year (mean, $39 779; median, $38 607). Deferoxamine accounted for 71% of chelation-related charges, which ranged from $12 719 to $24 845 per patient per year (mean, $20 514; median, $21 381). The financial impact of chronic transfusion therapy for sickle cell disease is substantial with charges approaching $400 000 per patient decade for patients who require deferoxamine chelation. These data should be considered in reference to cost and efficacy analyses of alternative therapies for sickle cell disease, such as allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Child', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Deferoxamine', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Iron Chelating Agents', 'Iron Overload', 'Stroke', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,001,885
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['D02.092.570.394.265', 'D02.241.511.372.265'], ['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.914.500.410', 'D27.720.832.500.410'], ['C18.452.565.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Raf/MEK/ERK signaling inhibition enhances the ability of dequalinium to induce apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line K562.
|
Delocalized lipophilic cations, such as dequalinium (DQA), selectively accumulate in mitochondria and display anticancer activity in cells from different malignancies. Previous studies in K562 human leukemic cells indicate that DQA causes cell damage as a consequence of an early disturbance in the mitochondrial function, inducing oxidative stress. These cells turned out to be resistant to apoptosis and died by necrosis when treated with high DQA concentrations (20 ìmol/L) for long time periods (48 h). Resistance of K562 cells to DQA-induced apoptosis could be eliminated by inhibition of the kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl protein with imatinib. In this paper, we have studied the effect of DQA on the Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathways in K562 cells. Our data suggest a DQA downregulatory activity on both ERK1/2 and PI3K protein kinase activity supporting an interaction between both proteins. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 with U0126 enhanced the ability of DQA to potentiate imatinib-induced apoptosis, suggesting a role of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase in the K562 cell survival. This study contributes to a better understanding of the action mechanism of DQA on K562 cells and encourages the study of DQA in combination with other agents for improving the efficacy of targeted therapies and overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dequalinium', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'Humans', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Signal Transduction', 'raf Kinases']
| 22,875,343
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.633.100.810.824.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500.500', 'D12.776.602.500.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.171.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D27.505.519.389.736'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842', 'D12.644.360.400.842', 'D12.776.476.400.842', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parathyroid adenoma presenting with spontaneous cervical and anterior mediastinal hemorrhage: A case report.
|
RATIONALE: Spontaneous anterior cervical or mediastinal hemorrhage is a rare presentation of parathyroid adenoma.PATIENT CONCERNS: A 69-year-old woman presented with neck hematoma and dysphagia and was found to have a soft tissue mass adjacent to her thyroid gland as seen on MRI and neck ultrasound.DIAGNOSIS: Laboratory testing demonstrated elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone supporting diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma.INTERVENTIONS: She underwent right inferior parathyroidectomy and en bloc right hemithyroidectomy due to significant fibrosis.OUTCOMES: Pathology confirmed hypercellular parathyroid and normal thyroid tissue. Postoperatively, patient's calcium and parathyroid hormone levels had normalized.LESSONS: In conclusion, imaging may not always be specific in identifying the source of neck hematoma and so laboratory studies should be done to rule out parathyroid adenoma as the underlying etiology.
|
['Adenoma', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Mediastinal Diseases', 'Neck', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'Parathyroidectomy', 'Thyroidectomy']
| 30,702,621
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.846.187'], ['A01.598'], ['C04.588.322.525', 'C04.588.443.680', 'C19.344.525', 'C19.642.713'], ['E04.270.694'], ['E04.270.856']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alteration of cardiac glucose metabolism in association to low birth weight: experimental evidence in lambs with left ventricular hypertrophy.
|
OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine growth restriction that results in low birth weight (LBW) has been linked to the onset of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. An altered transition from a fetal to an adult energy metabolism phenotype, with increased reliance on glucose rather than fatty acids for energy production, could help explain this connection. We have therefore investigated cardiac metabolism in relation to left ventricular hypertrophy in LBW lambs, at 21days after birth.MATERIALS/METHODS: The expression of regulatory molecules involved in cardiac glucose and fatty acid metabolism was measured using real-time PCR and Western blotting. A section of the left ventricle was fixed for Periodic Acid Schiff staining to determine tissue glycogen content.RESULTS: There was increased abundance of insulin signalling pathway proteins (phospho-insulin receptor, insulin receptor and phospho-Akt) and the glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, but no change in GLUT-4 or glycogen content in the heart of LBW compared to ABW lambs. There was, however, increased abundance of cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK-4) in LBW compared to ABW lambs. There were no significant changes in the mRNA expression of components of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor regulatory complex or proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism.CONCLUSION: We concluded that LBW induced left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with increased GLUT-1 and PDK-4, suggesting increased glucose uptake, but decreased efficacy for the conversion of glucose to ATP. A reduced capacity for energy conversion could have significant implications for vulnerability to cardiovascular disease in adults who are born LBW.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Blotting, Western', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Transporter Type 1', 'Glucose Transporter Type 4', 'Glycogen', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Mitochondria', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Protein Kinases', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Sheep']
| 23,928,106
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D10.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.937', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.937', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.937', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.937'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Beers criteria: Not just for geriatrics anymore? Analysis of Beers criteria medications in nongeriatric trauma patients and their association with falls.
|
BACKGROUND: It has been well established that many classes of medications on the Beers list of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) are associated with falls and injuries in the geriatric population, but little work has been performed to understand if similar relationships exist among the nongeriatric adult population.METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 32 months of trauma encounters at our Level I trauma center was performed in nongeriatric adults aged 18 years to 64 years. Encounters were reviewed by mechanism of injury and intake medication reconciliation. The data were then evaluated for associations between PIMs and falls.RESULTS: Of the 7,897 trauma encounters in the study period, 6,493 had completed medication reconciliation, and 4,154 were between the ages of 18 years and 64 years. There was a statistically significant disproportionate number of those who sustained a fall on psychoactive medications and proton pump inhibitors, and the odds of a trauma patient presenting as a fall were also significantly higher on these select classes of PIMs.CONCLUSION: The PIMs associated with falls in the geriatric population are also associated with falls in the nongeriatric population. This study supports the judicious prescribing of these medications, as they may have risks beyond what was originally thought.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic, level IV.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inappropriate Prescribing', 'Male', 'Medication Reconciliation', 'Middle Aged', 'Potentially Inappropriate Medication List', 'Prescription Drugs', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Wounds and Injuries', 'Young Adult']
| 31,259,873
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.490', 'N02.421.450.500.249'], ['E02.319.529.500', 'N02.421.450.500.500', 'N04.452.528.460', 'N04.590.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.700.615', 'N05.700.594'], ['D26.670'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Calcitonin receptor mRNA expression in TT cells: effect of dexamethasone.
|
Among the four isoforms of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) described in humans, two differ by the presence of h-CTR1 or absence of h-CTR2 of 16 amino acids in the first intracellular loop. Both receptors are biologically active. The TT cell line derived from a human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is characterized by the secretion of large amounts of calcitonin. We have recently shown that this cell line expresses h-CTR2. In the present work we have studied the expression of CTR during TT cell proliferation and used dexamethasone to modify calcitonin expression in order to establish if an autocrine regulation involving calcitonin and its receptor was functional in the TT cells. The expression of this receptor and of calcitonin during TT cell proliferation was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dexamethasone, a potent inhibitor of TT cell proliferation, levels (day 6 of culture) specifically increased receptor levels from day 8 onwards. CT peptide and CT mRNA levels decreased or were similar during experimental time. CTR regulation by glucocorticoids is suggested in TT cells. Autocrine regulation of CTR is also suggested by relation between CT mRNA levels and CTR mRNA.
|
['Autocrine Communication', 'Calcitonin', 'Carcinoma, Medullary', 'Cell Division', 'Dexamethasone', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Receptors, Calcitonin', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,705,072
|
[['G04.085.100'], ['D06.472.699.150', 'D06.472.931.052', 'D12.644.400.095', 'D12.644.548.150', 'D12.776.631.650.095'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.240.315', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370.315', 'C04.557.470.615.315', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240.315'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.615'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.200'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Upregulation of EMMPRIN (OX47) in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Contributes to the Development of Mechanical Allodynia after Nerve Injury.
|
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are widely implicated in inflammation and tissue remodeling associated with various neurodegenerative diseases and play an important role in nociception and allodynia. Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) plays a key regulatory role for MMP activities. However, the role of EMMPRIN in the development of neuropathic pain is not clear. Western blotting, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence were performed to determine the changes of messenger RNA and protein of EMMPRIN/OX47 and their cellular localization in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after nerve injury. Paw withdrawal threshold test was examined to evaluate the pain behavior in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. The lentivirus containing OX47 shRNA was injected into the DRG one day before SNL. The expression level of both mRNA and protein of OX47 was markedly upregulated in ipsilateral DRG after SNL. OX47 was mainly expressed in the extracellular matrix of DRG. Administration of shRNA targeted against OX47 in vivo remarkably attenuated mechanical allodynia induced by SNL. In conclusion, peripheral nerve injury induced upregulation of OX47 in the extracellular matrix of DRG. RNA interference against OX47 significantly suppressed the expression of OX47 mRNA and the development of mechanical allodynia. The altered expression of OX47 may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain after nerve injury.
|
['Animals', 'Basigin', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Male', 'Pain Threshold', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Nerves', 'Up-Regulation']
| 26,697,232
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.045', 'D12.776.543.550.187', 'D23.050.285.040'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.800.800.720'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fifty glorious years.
|
Since the second world war, dentistry has undergone momentous changes, not only in clinical and mechanical developments but also in changes in people's perceptions of what care their dentist can offer them. Dental graduates today will be surprised at the great difference between their own education and that of their 1946 counterparts. This is one dentist's record of the last 50 years in dentistry and how certain advancements have affected his working life.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Dental Care', 'England', 'General Practice, Dental', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Schools, Dental', 'Tooth Diseases']
| 9,345,801
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['H02.163.342'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.783.495.481'], ['C07.793']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Immunological and physiological effects of chronic exposure of Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites.
|
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants known to cause adverse health effects to biological systems. Limited data are available on their effects on the immune system of wildlife species. Previously, we found that 4 and 6-week-old white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) born from dams injected with a single dose (300 mg/kg) of Aroclor 1254, had altered immunological, hematological, and biochemical responses. Here, we examined the effect of transplacental, lactational and postnatal exposure to Aroclor 1254, at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites, on various physiological parameters of 22-week-old white-footed mice. Liver weight and liver somatic index of PCB treated animals were significantly higher, the combined weights of the adrenal glands were significantly lower and EROD and BROD enzyme activity was significantly higher compared to control values. The number of thymocytes of the treated mice was significantly lower than that of the controls; however, thymocytes of treated mice had a higher proliferative response to the mitogen Con A. These alterations were correlated with the PCBs body burdens. Some toxic effects of chronic exposure to PCBs, at levels comparable to exposure found in contaminated sites in the USA, are still evident in adult P. leucopus.
|
['Animals', 'Body Burden', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Division', 'Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine)', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Diet', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Immunity', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Mitogens', 'Organ Size', 'Peromyscus', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects']
| 12,007,856
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.799.638.231', 'N06.850.460.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D02.309.750.500.077', 'D02.455.526.439.773.292.077', 'D02.455.526.439.785.292.077'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G12.450'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.500.510'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of methyl methanesulfonate, 2,6-diaminotoluene and 5-fluorouracil: Part of the Japanese center for the validation of alternative methods (JaCVAM) international validation study of the in vivo rat alkaline comet assay.
|
As a part of the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM)-initiative international validation study of the in vivo rat alkaline comet assay (comet assay), we examined methyl methanesulfonate, 2,6-diaminotoluene, and 5-fluorouracil under coded test conditions. Rats were treated orally with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and two additional descending doses of the respective compounds. In the MMS treated groups liver and stomach showed significantly elevated DNA damage at each dose level and a significant dose-response relationship. 2,6-diaminotoluene induced significantly elevated DNA damage in the liver at each dose and a statistically significant dose-response relationship whereas no DNA damage was obtained in the stomach. 5-fluorouracil did not induce DNA damage in either liver or stomach.
|
['Animals', 'Comet Assay', 'DNA Damage', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fluorouracil', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Methyl Methanesulfonate', 'Phenylenediamines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stomach']
| 26,212,301
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.153.150', 'E05.301.300.100.150', 'E05.393.560.150', 'E05.940.560.150'], ['G05.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.500', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.500'], ['D02.092.146.651', 'D02.092.782.258.651'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A03.556.875.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A hypertriglyceridemic state increases high sensitivity C-reactive protein of Japanese men with normal glucose tolerance.
|
Both fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia have been identified as risk markers for cardiovascular disease. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), known to independently predict future cardiovascular disease, has also been reported to be a direct participant in the progression of atherosclerosis. We evaluated whether or not fasting and/or postprandial hypertriglyceridemia influence hs-CRP of men with normal glucose tolerance. According to the triglyceride (TG) level, measured before and 1 and 2 h after a meal tolerance test, subjects were classified into a normotriglyceridemic (NTG) group (n = 86), a postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG) group (n = 50), or a fasting hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) group (n = 53). Hs-CRP and HOMA-R were significantly higher in the FHTG group than in the other groups (P < 0.01). The PHTG group had higher hs-CRP than the NTG group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in age, BMI, LDL cholesterol, or carotid intima-media thickness were found in comparison of the three groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the area under the TG curve (AUC-TG), HbA1c, and BMI were independently correlated with hs-CRP (P < 0.001, P = 0.016, P = 0.032, respectively). Our data suggests that a hypertriglyceridemic state is associated with hs-CRP irrespective of BMI, LDL-C, and HDL-C, indicating that hs-CRP might represent chronic inflammation induced by hypertriglyceridemia in Japanese men with normal glucose tolerance.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Mass Index', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Carotid Intima-Media Thickness', 'Cholesterol', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Fasting', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypertriglyceridemia', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postprandial Period', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 21,948,178
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['E01.370.350.850.150', 'E01.370.370.180', 'G09.330.210'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.851'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G10.261.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells do not contribute significantly to new vessels during incisional wound healing.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to the neovascularisation of cutaneous incisional wounds.METHODS: Lethally irradiated C57Bl/6 mice were transplanted with BM mononuclear cells from Tie2/lacZ mice, which constitutively overexpressed beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in endothelial cells (ECs). Chimeras were wounded and the number of X-gal-stained (beta-gal(+)) BM-derived EPCs were calculated in histological wound sections.RESULTS: EPCs were measured in skin sections from unwounded BM transplant (BMT) mice, or at day 1 and 3 postwounding, at the level of 0.1 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM) per skin/wound section. In day-5 to day-14 wounds, the number of EPCs increased gradually (1.3 +/- 0.5 at day 5 and 4.8 +/- 0.9 at day 10), peaking at day 14, when there was a significant increase in the number of EPCs per wound section (6.5 +/- 1.7) when compared to unwounded skin. Between days 14 and 18 postwounding, there was a rapid fall-off in the number of beta-gal(+) EPCs (0.8 +/- 0.5 at day 18) and numbers returned to baseline by day 21 (0.1 +/- 0.1). No evidence of vascular structures derived from BM-derived EPCs ("in situ" vasculogenesis) was observed and it was calculated that these cells contributed only 4.4% +/- 1.5% to total wound ECs at their peak.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the revascularization of dermal incisional wounds primarily occurs through angiogenesis because the low frequency and temporal expression of EPCs suggests that they do not make a significant contribution to the neovascularization process.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Galactosides', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Indoles', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Skin', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Whole-Body Irradiation', 'Wound Healing', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 17,309,830
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D09.408.320'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980'], ['G16.762.891'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infliximab as a rescue therapy for hospitalized patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to systemic corticosteroids.
|
BACKGROUND: Infliximab therapy is effective for the induction and maintenance of clinical remission in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. However, it has not been studied extensively in hospitalized patients who require colectomy as a rescue therapy for severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous corticosteroids.AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of infliximab in hospitalized patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous corticoids as a rescue therapy before colectomy.METHODS: 10 severe ulcerative colitis patients refractory to intravenous hydrocortisone administered for at least 7 days and candidate for colectomy were selected to receive a single infusion of infliximab (5 mg/kg).RESULTS: 8 patients failed to respond to infliximab and required colectomy during the hospitalization period. The median time to operation after infliximab infusion was 21 days. Of 8 patients, 6 had a partial clinical response manifested by a decreasing number of bowel movements and rectal bleeding during 7-14 days after the infliximab infusion, and the remaining 2 patients showed a lack of response to infliximab infusion.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a single infliximab infusion seems to be ineffective as a rescue therapy of colectomy in hospitalized patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to systemic corticosteroids.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Colectomy', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Drug Resistance', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Infliximab', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Pilot Projects', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,005,257
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E04.210.219'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.608', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.537', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.642'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['M01.643.470'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E02.895'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Desalting, concentration, and buffer exchange by dialysis and ultrafiltration.
|
This unit includes a variety of dialysis and ultrafiltration techniques that can be used for desalting, concentration, or buffer exchange. Standard dialysis by diffusion across cellulose tubing is described as a technique for desalting or buffer exchange. Ultrafiltration under pressure can be used either for concentrating protein or, where the sample volume is replenished with a desired buffer, for desalting/buffer exchange (i.e., diafiltration). A variation is ultrafiltration by tangential flow, which serves the same purposes as ultrafiltration under pressure but is better suited to handling large volumes of solution. Yet another variation is an ultrafiltration technique employing centrifugal microconcentrators, which allows concentration of very small volumes of solution.
|
['Buffers', 'Dialysis', 'Salts', 'Ultrafiltration']
| 18,429,288
|
[['D27.720.470.280'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D01.786'], ['E04.292.975', 'E05.196.454.807', 'G01.280.807', 'G02.263.807']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RNA-like conformational properties of a synthetic DNA poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU).
|
Differences in the circular dichroism of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU) and in its temperature induced changes are reported. A comparison to the data obtained with DNA and RNA indicates that an absence of thymine methyl groups in the polynucleotide results in promoting its RNA-like conformational properties. However, poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU) is not an A-DNA type of double helix.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Circular Dichroism', 'DNA', 'Deoxyribonucleotides', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Poly A-U', 'Polydeoxyribonucleotides', 'RNA']
| 2,415,126
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.695.201'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.695.578.550.500.510', 'D13.695.578.550.750.510'], ['D13.695.578.500'], ['D13.444.735']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium. A case report.
|
Curettage of a sixty-four-year-old white woman with post-menopausal metrorrhagia revealed pyometra and squamous papilloma, thought to be arising from the cervix. Presence of parakeratotic squamous epithelial cells in endometrial curettage, three years after the first clinical presentation, aroused suspicion of verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium. Uterus revealed a warty tumour with a histological picture characteristic of verrucous carcinoma. Radical surgical excision was followed by a disease-free observation period of 2 1/2 years.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 3,214,582
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Polymorphisms of methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study.
|
Previous studies have suggested that low folate intake is associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is one of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and is thought to influence DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. MTHFR is highly polymorphic, and the variant genotypes result in decreased MTHFR enzyme activity and lower plasma folate level. Therefore, we hypothesized that these variant genotypes may play a role in the etiology of lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between two common MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and risk of lung cancer in a non-population-based case-control study of 550 histologically confirmed lung cancer cases and 554 healthy controls. The subjects were non-Hispanic whites, and the controls were frequency-matched to the cases by age (+ or -5 years), sex, and smoking status (ever or never). Folate intake and alcohol consumption were estimated from a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. The cases consumed significantly less folate (162 microg/day/1000 kcal) than the controls did (172 microg/day/1000 kcal; P = 0.033). However, we found no evidence for an association between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and risk of lung cancer in either all of the subjects or the low folate intake subgroup; nor did we find evidence for an interaction between these two MTHFR polymorphisms and dietary folate intake or alcohol use. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MTHFR C677T were 1.1 (0.8-1.4) for 677CT versus 677CC wild type and 1.1 (0.7-1.7) for 677TT versus 677CC, and for MTHFR A1298C, they were 1.0 (0.8-1.3) for 1298AC versus 1298AA wild type and 1.1 (0.7-1.8) for 1298CC versus 1298AA. These results suggest that the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms by themselves do not play an important role in the etiology of lung cancer.
|
['Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,319,182
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D08.811.682.662.290', 'D12.776.331.775'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D08.811.682.662'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Drug-eluting beads versus conventional chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Solid demonstrations of superior efficacy of drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization with respect to conventional chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma patients are lacking. The aim of the study was to compare these two techniques in two large cohorts of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients.METHODS: A single center series of 249 early/intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent "on demand" chemoembolization in the period 2007-2011 was analyzed. Overall survival, time to progression, tumor response rate, and safety were compared between 104 patients who underwent conventional chemoembolization and 145 who underwent drug-eluting beads chemoembolization. Time-to-event data were analyzed using the Cox univariate and multivariate regression.RESULTS: The two cohorts resulted balanced for liver function and tumor stages. Objective response rate was 85.3% after conventional and 74.8% after drug-eluting beads chemoembolization (P = 0.039), and median time to progression was 17 (95% confidence interval: 14-21) versus 11 months (9-12), respectively (P < 0.001). Treatment regimen was the sole independent predictor of progression at multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 2.01; 1.45-2.80; P < 0.001). Median survival was 39 (32-47) and 32 (24-39) months in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio = 1.33; 0.94-1.87; P = 0.10), but conventional chemoembolization was significantly associated with a survival advantage in patients with bilobar neoplasia, portal hypertension and alpha fetoprotein above normal limits. No significant differences in severe adverse events were found.CONCLUSION: In a large series of Western hepatocellular carcinoma patients, drug-eluting beads chemoembolization with 100-300 µm particles did not seem to improve survival in comparison with conventional chemoembolization, which in turn provided better tumor responses and time to progression.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Chemoembolization, Therapeutic', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Particle Size', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Regression Analysis', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 26,331,807
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E02.520.360.150', 'E02.926.500.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of different breathing maneuvers on internal and external organ motion: use of fiducial markers in dynamic MRI.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate, with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and a fiducial marker, the influence of different breathing maneuvers on internal organ and external chest wall motion.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Lung and chest wall motion of 16 healthy subjects (13 male, 3 female) were examined with real-time trueFISP (true fast imaging with steady-state precession) dMRI and a small inductively coupled marker coil on either the abdomen or thorax. Three different breathing maneuvers were performed (predominantly "abdominal breathing," "thoracic breathing," and unspecific "normal breathing"). The craniocaudal (CC), anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) lung distances were correlated (linear regression coefficient) with marker coil position during forced and quiet breathing.RESULTS: Differences of the CC distance between maximum forced inspiration and expiration were significant between abdominal and thoracic breathing (p < 0.05). The correlation between CC distance and coil position was best for forced abdominal breathing and a marker coil in the abdominal position (r = 0.89 +/- 0.04); for AP and ML distance, forced thoracic breathing and a coil in the thoracic position was best (r = 0.84 +/- 0.03 and 0.82 +/- 0.03, respectively). In quiet breathing, a lower correlation was found.CONCLUSION: A fiducial marker coil external to the thorax in combination with dMRI is a new technique to yield quantitative information on the correlation of internal organ and external chest wall motion. Correlations are highly dependent on the breathing maneuver.
|
['Abdomen', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Lung', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Respiration', 'Thoracic Wall']
| 15,850,927
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A04.411'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G09.772.705'], ['A01.923.761.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical significance of microsatellite instability for stage II or III colorectal cancer following adjuvant therapy with doxifluridine.
|
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a molecular marker that can provide valuable prognostic information for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the predictive role of the MSI status remains less clear than its role in prognostication due to mixed results from previous studies. Therefore, this study investigated the usefulness of the MSI status as a predictive factor for stage II or III CRC patients who received adjuvant doxifluridine therapy. Among 3030 patients with CRC who underwent surgical resection between 1997 and 2006, 564 patients were diagnosed with stage II or III, and adjuvant doxifluridine therapy was administered to 394 patients (70.0%). The MSI status was assessed using the markers BAT25 and BAT26, and samples with instability at both markers were scored as exhibiting high-frequency MSI (MSI-H). Among the 564 patients, 290 patients (51.4%) had stage II, and MSI-H was found in 41 patients (7.3%). With a median follow-up duration of 35.1 months (range, 0.5-135.2), the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and relapse-free survival (RFS) rate were 87.5 and 76.2%, respectively. MSI-H showed a favorable survival trend for OS (P = 0.098) and significant survival benefit for RFS (P = 0.037) in all patients. In a univariate analysis, the doxifluridine-treated patients with MSI-H showed improved RFS compared to those with low or stable MSI (MSI-L/S) (P = 0.036), while the MSI status was not significantly associated with OS (P = 0.107). In a multivariate analysis, MSI-H was not significantly associated with RFS (Hazard ratio = 2.467, P = 0.125). In conclusion, this study confirmed the positive prognostic role of MSI-H. However, MSI-H patients with stage II or III CRC did not seem to benefit from doxifluridine adjuvant therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Floxuridine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Instability', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Young Adult']
| 20,953,739
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.350', 'D13.570.230.430.432', 'D13.570.685.852.300.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.362.590', 'G05.365.590.335.590', 'G05.370.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Journal searching in non-MEDLINE resources on Internet Web sites.
|
Internet access to the medical journal literature is absorbing the attention of all relevant parties, i.e., publishers, journal vendors, librarians, commercial providers, government agencies, and end users. Journal content on the Web sites spans the range from advertising and ordering information for the print version, to table of contents and abstracts, to downloadable full text and graphics of articles. The searching parameters for systems other than MEDLINE also differ extensively with a wide variety of features and resulting retrieval. This discussion reviews a selection of providers of medical information (particularly the journal literature) on the Internet, making a comparison of what is available on Web sites and how it can be searched.
|
['Computer Communication Networks', 'Computer Graphics', 'Databases, Bibliographic', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Online Systems', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'United States']
| 10,173,597
|
[['L01.224.230.110'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.300', 'L01.470.750.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.742'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Potentiometric response of a neutral-carrier-based membrane to aqueous mercury in Cl(-)-rich media.
|
The unique potentiometric response of mercury sensors was investigated in aqueous Cl(-)-rich media, which are often encountered in natural, especially biological samples. The conventional neutral-carrier-based Hg(II)-ISEs are not practically useful because the Cl(-) concentrations in natural aqueous samples are normally too high for mercury to be present in the form of Hg(2+). Negative potentiometric slopes, which are the opposite behavior of the previously reported Hg(II)-ISEs, were experimentally confirmed and quantitatively reasoned based on the aqueous solution equilibrium of Hg(2+).
|
['Calixarenes', 'Chlorides', 'Electrodes', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Mercury', 'Polymers', 'Potentiometry', 'Water']
| 19,359,801
|
[['D04.345.025'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['E07.305.250'], ['G02.300'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.196.922.750', 'E05.301.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fabrication of large-area patterned nanostructures for optical applications by nanoskiving.
|
Cost-effective and convenient methods for fabrication of patterned metallic nanostructures over the large (mm2) areas required for applications in photonics are much needed. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of arrays of closed and open, loop-shaped nanostructures by a technique (nanoskiving) that combines thin-film deposition by metal evaporation with thin-film sectioning. These arrays of metallic structures serve as frequency-selective surfaces at mid-infrared wavelengths. Experiments with structures prepared using this technique demonstrate that a closed-looped structure has a single dominant resonance regardless of the polarization of the incident light, while open structures have resonances that are anisotropic with respect to the polarization of the electric field. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations reproduce the scattering spectra of these frequency-selective surfaces, provide an explanation of the wavelength of the experimentally observed resonances, and rationalize their polarization dependence based on the patterns of current induced in the nanostructures.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Crystallization', 'Gold', 'Light', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanostructures', 'Nanotechnology', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Particle Size', 'Refractometry', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Surface Properties']
| 17,665,964
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.196.808', 'H01.671.617.755'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the posterior hypothalamus of hypertensive and normotensive rats.
|
The density of [3H]quinuclidin-3-yl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding sites in the posterior hypothalamus was determined in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats at the ages of 1, 3, 11 and 50 weeks. In SHR, even at the early age of 1 week which is prehypertensive, the values obtained were 1.5 times greater than those of age-matched WKY rats. The values of the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) did not differ between SHR and WKY rats of the same age. In the pons medulla, however, the density of [3H]QNB binding sites was not different between the two strains of rats of matching age. Isolation-induced hypertension in adult Wistar rats and an increase in the density of [3H]QNB binding sites in the posterior hypothalamus were observed to arise concomitantly. A hypothesis is offered whereby a relative increase in ACh receptor sites in the posterior hypothalamus is a primary cause of hypertension in the models considered.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Hypertension', 'Hypothalamus', 'Hypothalamus, Posterior', 'Kinetics', 'Quinuclidinyl Benzilate', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Receptors, Muscarinic']
| 7,160,435
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.362', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.362'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.241.223.601.238.306.740', 'D02.241.511.085.740', 'D03.605.687.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Viability of Listeria monocytogenes on Boneless, Water-Added Hams, Commercially Prepared with and without Food-Grade Chemicals, during Extended Storage at 4 and/or -2.2°C.
|
Viability of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored during refrigerated (4°C) and/or frozen (i.e., deep chilling at -2.2°C) storage on casing-cooked hams that were commercially prepared with and without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate (1.6%), buffered vinegar (2.2%), buffered vinegar and potassium lactate (1.7%), or a blend of potassium lactate, potassium acetate, and sodium diacetate (1.7%). A portion of these hams were subsequently surface treated with lauric arginate ester (LAE; 44 ppm). In phase I, hams (ca. 3.5 kg each) were sliced (ca. 0.7 cm thick, ca. 100 g), inoculated (ca. 4.0 log CFU per slice), surface treated with LAE, and stored at either 4°C for 120 days or at -2.2°C for 90 days and then at 4°C for an additional 120 days. In phase I, without antimicrobials, the population of L. monocytogenes increased by ca. 5.9 log CFU per slice within 120 days at 4°C; however, pathogen levels increased only slightly (ca. 0.45 log CFU per slice) for hams formulated with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and decreased by ca. 1.2 log CFU per slice when formulated with the other antimicrobials. For slices held at -2.2°C and then stored at 4°C, but not treated with LAE, L. monocytogenes increased by ca. 4.5 log CFU per slice for controls, whereas when formulated with antimicrobials, pathogen levels decreased by ca. 1.4 to 1.8 log CFU per slice. For product treated with LAE, L. monocytogenes increased by ca. 4.0 log CFU per slice for controls, whereas when formulated with antimicrobials, pathogen levels decreased by ca. 0.9 to 1.9 log CFU per slice. In phase II, whole hams (ca. 1.0 kg each) containing antimicrobials were inoculated (6.8 log CFU per ham) and then stored at -2.2°C for 6 months. Pathogen levels decreased by ca. 2.0 to 3.5 log CFU per ham (without LAE treatment) and by ca. 4.2 to 5.2 log CFU per ham (with application of LAE via Sprayed Lethality in Container) when product was held at -2.2°C. In general, deep chilling hams was listericidal, and inclusion of antimicrobials in the formulation suppressed outgrowth of L. monocytogenes during extended cold storage.
|
['Acetates', 'Animals', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Food Handling', 'Food Preservation', 'Food Preservatives', 'Food Storage', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Meat Products', 'Microbial Viability', 'Swine']
| 27,052,866
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['D27.720.372.300.385', 'G07.203.300.514.500.700', 'J02.500.514.500.700'], ['J01.576.423.200.387'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['G07.203.300.600.500', 'J02.500.600.500'], ['G06.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: a comparison with classical renal cell carcinoma.
|
We investigated the expression of various cell markers in renal cell carcinoma, concentrating particularly on the sarcomatoid variety, using lectin and immunohistochemical techniques. The sarcomatoid variant showed stronger staining in a higher proportion of cases for vimentin and reduced positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, in comparison with classical renal cell carcinoma. All sarcomatoid tumours reacted with at least one cytokeratin, enabling them to be distinguished from true renal sarcomas; this is of diagnostic value when a panel of markers is used. Overall a similar pattern of markers is seen in sarcomatoid and classical renal cell carcinoma using lectin and immunohistochemistry, suggesting that the sarcomatoid variant arises as a metaplastic change rather than having a different histogenesis.
|
['Carcinoma', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Lectins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Sarcoma']
| 2,606,455
|
[['C04.557.470.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D12.776.503'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['C04.557.450.795']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of kinetics of X-ray-induced cell killing in normal, ataxia telangiectasia and hereditary retinoblastoma fibroblasts.
|
Survival, cumulative labeling indices and chromosomal aberrations were studied in normal, ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and hereditary retinoblastoma fibroblasts after X-irradiation during density-inhibition of growth and immediate release by subculture to low density. The D0 of the survival curves were: normal strains, 150-160 rad; Retinoblastoma strains AG 1880, 95 rad; AG 1978, 40-50 rad (sensitive fraction); AT5BI, 45 rad. Mainly chromosome-type Aberrations were induced in normal and retinoblastoma cells. The frequency of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations was much higher in AT5BI cells, and 33-45% were of the chromatid type. Normal and retinoblastoma cells showed a measureable X-ray induced G1 delay before entering S. In addition, a fraction of the cells showed an apparently irreversible G1 block; these cells did not initiate DNA synthesis up to 120 h post-irradiation and subculture. The G1 block was much more marked in retinoblastoma cells; after 400 rad about 70% of retinoblastoma cells did not enter S as compared with only 20% of normal cells. Neither a G1 delay nor a G1 block was observed in AT cells irradiated with up to 400 rad despite their hypersensitivity to cell killing by X-rays and evidence of severe chromosome damage. These results suggest different mechanisms for the X-ray hypersensitivity of AT and retinoblastoma cells.
|
['Ataxia Telangiectasia', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Eye Neoplasms', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Retinoblastoma', 'X-Rays']
| 6,843,573
|
[['C10.228.140.252.190.530.060', 'C10.562.100', 'C10.597.350.090.500.530.060', 'C14.907.823.213', 'C16.320.080', 'C16.320.798.250', 'C18.452.284.060', 'C20.673.795.250'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C04.588.364', 'C11.319'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.725', 'C04.557.470.670.725', 'C04.557.580.625.600.725', 'C04.588.364.818.760', 'C11.270.862', 'C11.319.475.760', 'C11.768.717.760'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Examining efficacy of "TAT-less" delivery of a peptide against the L-type calcium channel in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
|
Increased calcium influx through the L-type Ca(2+) channel or overexpression of the alpha subunit of the channel induces cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy results from increased oxidative stress and alterations in cell calcium levels following ischemia-reperfusion injury and is an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. We find that decreasing the movement of the auxiliary beta subunit with a peptide derived against the alpha-interacting domain (AID) of the channel attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury. We compared the efficacy of delivering the AID peptide using a trans-activator of transcription (TAT) sequence with that of the peptide complexed to multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. The AID-tethered nanoparticles perfused through the myocardium more diffusely and associated with cardiac myocytes more rapidly than the TAT-labeled peptide but had similar effects on intracellular calcium levels. The AID-complexed nanoparticles resulted in a similar reduction in release of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after ischemia-reperfusion to the TAT-labeled peptide. Since nanoparticle delivery also holds the potential for dual drug delivery, we conclude that AID-complexed nanoparticles may provide an effective platform for peptide delivery in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Magnetite Nanoparticles', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Nanotechnology', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 23,432,114
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.400', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.400'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['J01.637.512.600.500.144.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modulation of beta-catenin by cyclin-dependent kinase 6 in Wnt-stimulated cells.
|
Beta-catenin is implicated in quite different cellular processes, which require a fine-tuned regulation of its function. Here we demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), in association with cyclin D1 (CCND1), directly binds to beta-catenin. We showed that CCND1-CDK6 phosphorylates beta-catenin on serine 45 (S45). This phosphorylation creates a priming site for glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and is both necessary and sufficient to initiate the beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation cascade. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation assays using Wnt3a-conditioned medium reveals that while Wnt stimulation leads to the dissociation of beta-catenin from axin and casein kinase Ialpha (CKIalpha), Wnt treatment promotes an increase in CCND1 level and the association of beta-catenin with CCND1-CDK6. Furthermore, Wnt3a-stimulated cytosolic beta-catenin levels were higher in CDK6 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (CDK6-/- MEFs) compared to wild-type MEFs. Thus, the CCND1-CDK6 complex is like to negatively regulate Wnt signaling by mediating beta-catenin phosphorylation and its subsequent degradation in Wnt-stimulated cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclin D1', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Kinases', 'Serine', 'TCF Transcription Factors', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Wnt Proteins', 'beta Catenin']
| 17,208,333
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.100', 'D12.776.167.218.150.100', 'D12.776.476.262.150.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.937', 'D12.644.360.250.515', 'D12.776.167.200.515', 'D12.776.476.250.515'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['D12.776.260.730', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800', 'D12.776.930.875'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in man--III: Plasma protein binding.
|
Plasma protein binding of ibuprofen was measured by equilibrium dialysis on 406 plasma samples collected from 15 normal volunteers following doses of 400, 800, and 1200 mg of ibuprofen as tablets (N = 102, 100, 104, respectively) and 420 mg as an aqueous solution (N = 100). Individual subject bound concentration at dialysis equilibrium (Cbd) vs. free concentration at dialysis equilibrium (Cfd) were well fitted via computer to the Scatchard equation with one class of binding sites. The binding capacity averaged 1231 microM (range 848-1658 microM), and the association constant averaged 1.76 X 10(5) M-1 (range 1.15 X 10(5) to 2.73 X 10(5) M-1). Distributional analysis was performed on the free fraction (fd) and bound/free ratios (Cbd/Cfd = 1/fd-1) at dialysis equilibrium for each treatment. Using pooled data of all four treatments, distributional analysis was also performed on the free fractions (f) and bound/free ratios (Cb/Cf = 1/f-1) corresponding to the plasma drug concentrations in blood as it was withdrawn from the subjects. The bound/free ratios were normally distributed, whereas the distributions of the free fractions were skewed towards higher values.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Proteins', 'Humans', 'Ibuprofen', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Protein Binding']
| 6,668,554
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The neuro-endocrinal system status in patients with severe inflammatory colonic diseases].
|
There were examined 27 patients with inflammatory diseases of colon. In cases of the nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of colon the thyroid gland insufficiency occurs in variant of the thriiodinethyronine low contents syndrome, causing the necessity of the substitution therapy conduction in postoperative period.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Thyroid Hormones']
| 11,247,446
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['C19.874.482'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D06.472.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A generic strategy for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene tagging.
|
Genome engineering has been greatly enhanced by the availability of Cas9 endonuclease that can be targeted to almost any genomic locus using so called guide RNAs (gRNAs). However, the introduction of foreign DNA sequences to tag an endogenous gene is still cumbersome as it requires the synthesis or cloning of homology templates. Here we present a strategy that enables the tagging of endogenous loci using one generic donor plasmid. It contains the tag of interest flanked by two gRNA recognition sites that allow excision of the tag from the plasmid. Co-transfection of cells with Cas9, a gRNA specifying the genomic locus of interest, the donor plasmid and a cassette-specific gRNA triggers the insertion of the tag by a homology-independent mechanism. The strategy is efficient and delivers clones that display a predictable integration pattern. As showcases we generated NanoLuc luciferase- and TurboGFP-tagged reporter cell lines.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'CRISPR-Associated Protein 9', 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'Cell Line', 'DNA', 'Deoxyribonuclease I', 'Endonucleases', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Genome, Human', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Guide', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 26,674,669
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.325.150', 'D12.776.097.219', 'D12.776.212.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.394'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.250'], ['D08.811.277.352.355'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['E05.393.420'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735.790.552.625'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DEVOTE 3: temporal relationships between severe hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.
|
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The double-blind Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events (DEVOTE) assessed the cardiovascular safety of insulin degludec. The incidence and rates of adjudicated severe hypoglycaemia, and all-cause mortality were also determined. This paper reports a secondary analysis investigating associations of severe hypoglycaemia with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.METHODS: In DEVOTE, patients with type 2 diabetes were randomised to receive either insulin degludec or insulin glargine U100 (100 units/ml) once daily (between dinner and bedtime) in an event-driven, double-blind, treat-to-target cardiovascular outcomes trial. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of an adjudicated major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke). Adjudicated severe hypoglycaemia was the pre-specified secondary outcome. In the present analysis, the associations of severe hypoglycaemia with both MACE and all-cause mortality was evaluated in the pooled trial population using time-to-event analyses, with severe hypoglycaemia as a time-dependent variable and randomised treatment as a fixed factor. An investigation with interaction terms indicated that the effect of severe hypoglycaemia on the risk of MACE and all-cause mortality were the same for both treatment arms, and so the temporal association for severe hypoglycaemia with subsequent MACE and all-cause mortality is reported for the pooled population.RESULTS: There was a non-significant difference in the risk of MACE for individuals who had vs those who had not experienced severe hypoglycaemia during the trial (HR 1.38, 95% CI 0.96, 1.96; p = 0.080) and therefore there was no temporal relationship between severe hypoglycaemia and MACE. There was a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality for patients who had vs those who had not experienced severe hypoglycaemia during the trial (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.79, 3.50; p < 0.001). There was a higher risk of all-cause mortality 15, 30, 60, 90, 180 and 365 days after experiencing severe hypoglycaemia compared with not experiencing severe hypoglycaemia in the same time interval. The association between severe hypoglycaemia and all-cause mortality was maintained after adjustment for the following baseline characteristics: age, sex, HbA1c, BMI, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, hepatic impairment, renal status and cardiovascular risk group.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The results from these analyses demonstrate an association between severe hypoglycaemia and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, they indicate that patients who experienced severe hypoglycaemia were particularly at greater risk of death in the short term after the hypoglycaemic episode. These findings indicate that severe hypoglycaemia is associated with higher subsequent mortality; however, they cannot answer the question as to whether severe hypoglycaemia serves as a risk marker for adverse outcomes or whether there is a direct causal effect.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01959529.
|
['Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin Glargine', 'Insulin, Long-Acting', 'Male']
| 28,913,543
|
[['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.100', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.100'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The routine assessment of severity amongst people with mental illness.
|
BACKGROUND: Specialist mental health services are required to prioritise their work. To help this process numerous definitions of severe mental illness have been suggested. Such definitions vary, and are not necessarily valid or reliable. This investigation examined whether there was agreement over who constituted the most severely ill patients, amongst the case load of a community mental health team (CMHT).METHOD: Suggested guidelines for the prioritisation of patients were adapted after consultation and pilot reliability studies, and were then used by CMHT staff to rate their case loads (n=299). Test re-test, and inter-rater reliability studies were then conducted. A random sub-sample (n=120) was selected for further analysis to measure concurrent validity with respect to assessment of need, functioning and quality of life; and criterion validity.RESULTS: There was consistency in individual key worker decisions over time, and key worker ratings were valid in terms of disability, need and quality of life. Patients with a psychotic diagnosis were more likely to be rated as a high priority than those with a non-psychotic diagnosis. Agreement amongst different staff (inter-rater reliability) was poor, especially when ratings from CMHT staff were compared to external ratings.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the difficulties inherent in trying to agree on who constitute the severely mentally ill, and warn against the indiscriminate use of guidelines to determine access to services.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Female', 'Humans', 'London', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', 'Observer Variation', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sampling Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 11,518,034
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Articular hypermotility syndrome (AHS): clinical characteristics and specific features of AHS-related rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis].
|
Articular and extraarticular manifestations of AHS were studied in 114 AHS patients. Locomotor complaints were getting more frequent and serious with progression of AHS. Rheumatoid arthritis arising in the presence of hypermotility was characterized by minor symptoms and destructive changes and was not very active. Functional performance of the joints was not much affected. Osteoarthrosis in AHS presence ran with more pronounced symptoms, with early emergence of degenerative changes in the joints, primarily, of the lower limbs.
|
['Adult', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Male', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Syndrome']
| 9,503,528
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Modes and models of GABA(A) receptor gating.
|
Upon activation by agonist, the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR) 'gates', allowing chloride ions to permeate membranes and produce fast inhibition of neurons. There is no consensus kinetic model for the GABAR gating mechanism. We expressed human alpha(1)beta(1)gamma(2S) GABARs in HEK 293 cells and recorded single channel currents in the cell-attached configuration using various GABA concentrations (50-5000 microm). Closed and open events occurred individually and in clusters that had at least three different modes that were distinguishable by open probability (P(O)): High (P(O)= 0.73), Mid (P(O)= 0.50), and Low (P(O)= 0.21). We used a critical time to isolate shorter bursts of openings and to thus eliminate long-lived, desensitized events. Bursts from all three modes contained three closed and three open components. We employed maximum likelihood fitting, autocorrelation analysis and macroscopic current simulation to distinguish kinetic schemes. The 'core' gating scheme for most models contained two closed states that preceded an open state (C(1) C(2) O(1)). The two best-fitting models had a third closed state connected to C(1) and a second open state (O(2)) connected to C(2). The third open state, whose occupancy varied greatly between modes, could be connected either to O(2) or C(2). We estimated rate constants for two identical, independent GABA binding steps by globally fitting data across GABA concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 microm. For the most highly ranked model the binding rate constants were: k(+)= 3 microm(-1) s(-1) and k(-)= 272 s(-1) (K(D)= 91 microm).
|
['Action Potentials', 'Cell Line', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Kidney', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 16,455,693
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Haptoglobin administration into the subarachnoid space prevents hemoglobin-induced cerebral vasospasm.
|
Delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) is a major driver of adverse outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), defining an unmet need for therapeutic development. Cell-free hemoglobin that is released from erythrocytes into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is suggested to cause vasoconstriction and neuronal toxicity, and correlates with the occurrence of DIND. Cell-free hemoglobin in the CSF of patients with aSAH disrupted dilatory NO signaling ex vivo in cerebral arteries, which shifted vascular tone balance from dilation to constriction. We found that selective removal of hemoglobin from patient CSF with a haptoglobin-affinity column or its sequestration in a soluble hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex was sufficient to restore physiological vascular responses. In a sheep model, administration of haptoglobin into the CSF inhibited hemoglobin-induced cerebral vasospasm and preserved vascular NO signaling. We identified 2 pathways of hemoglobin delocalization from CSF into the brain parenchyma and into the NO-sensitive compartment of small cerebral arteries. Both pathways were critical for hemoglobin toxicity and were interrupted by the large hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex that inhibited spatial requirements for hemoglobin reactions with NO in tissues. Collectively, our data show that compartmentalization of hemoglobin by haptoglobin provides a novel framework for innovation aimed at reducing hemoglobin-driven neurological damage after subarachnoid bleeding.
|
['Animals', 'Basilar Artery', 'Brain', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Haptoglobins', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Proteomics', 'Sheep', 'Signal Transduction', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage', 'Subarachnoid Space', 'Swine', 'Vasospasm, Intracranial']
| 31,454,333
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.106'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.124.050.300', 'D12.776.124.790.106.394', 'D12.776.377.715.085.394', 'D12.776.395.560.373'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850'], ['A08.186.566.166.686'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C10.228.140.300.900', 'C14.907.253.951']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Authentication of the 31 species of Toxic and Potent Chinese Materia Medica (T/PCMM) by microscopic technique, part 2: Three species of seed T/PCMM.
|
Toxic and Potent Chinese Materia Medica (T/PCMM) are being used more and more in the treatment of various diseases. In view of their toxic side effects and to ensure their safe use, accurate and reliable authentication is indispensable. However, identifying characteristics of T/PCMM are seldom reported, even though modern microscopy can provide ample, unique identifying characteristics from cells found in transverse sections and powders. In particular, no systematic authentication studies on seed T/PCMM have been conducted. In the course of our study on 31 T/PCMM originating from plants, animals, minerals, and secreta, an accurate and convenient method, based on microscopic techniques, has been developed and reported for the authentication of animal T/PCMM. The present study deals with detailed investigations on three species of seed T/PCMM, namely Semen Hyoscyami (Hyoscyamus niger L.), Semen Euphorbiae (Euphorbia lathyris L.), and Semen Strychni (Strychnos nux-vomica L.). The macroscopic characters are here described in detail, and the microscopic characters were conclusively determined by common and polarized light microscopy. Results showed that these three T/PCMM can be easily identified by the present method even when powdered and combined. Thus, the microscopic method is applicable for authentication of the earlier three T/PCMM, and the morphological and microscopic characteristics described here are proposed as parameters to establish the authenticity of these three T/PCMM.
|
['Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Euphorbia', 'Hyoscyamus', 'Materia Medica', 'Microscopy, Polarization', 'Seeds', 'Strychnos nux-vomica']
| 18,219,667
|
[['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.333'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.274'], ['D26.526'], ['E01.370.350.515.624', 'E05.595.624'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.456.875.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pd(II) catalyzed ortho C-H iodination of phenylcarbamates at room temperature using cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents.
|
A novel approach to access ortho iodinated phenols using cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents through palladium(II) catalyzed C-H activation has been developed through weak coordination. The reaction showed excellent regioselectivity, reactivity and good functional group tolerance. A unique mechanism was proposed.
|
['Halogenation', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Iodine', 'Isomerism', 'Palladium', 'Phenylcarbamates', 'Temperature']
| 26,001,095
|
[['G02.111.323', 'G03.360'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['D02.241.081.251.583'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Echocardiography overestimates LV mass in the elderly as compared to cardiac CT.
|
PURPOSE: Echocardiographic studies have shown an increase in LV mass with advanced age. However, autopsy and MRI studies demonstrate that with aging, LV mass is unchanged or slightly decreased, with a decrease in LV volume and an increase in wall thickness consistent with concentric remodeling. LV structural remodeling with aging may lead to an overestimation of LV mass in older adults when using standard echocardiography measurements and calculations. This study compared CT and echocardiographic LV mass calculation in younger and older patients and parameters associated with age-related LV remodeling.METHODS: Same subject modality comparison of echocardiographic and cardiac CT LV measurement with derivation of LV mass was performed retrospectively. Echocardiographic measurements were performed by a single observer in accordance with European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACI)/American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines. CT measurements were performed in end-diastole on multiplanar reformatted image planes corresponding to those typically used in echocardiography. Calculated CT measurements were based on automatic segmentation of heart chambers via edge-tracing algorithms.RESULTS: 129 patients were identified. In patients age 65 and older, LV mass was significantly higher when calculated using echocardiographic measurements compared to CT. Patients 65 years of age and older were found to have increased average wall thickness measurements with echocardiography but not with CT. The discrepancy between calculated echo and CT LV mass was reduced when using the mid-septal instead of proximal wall width for the EACI convention.CONCLUSION: In the elderly, increased echo-derived LV mass may reflect remodeling rather than a true increase in LV mass.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 31,648,248
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Continuous inhalation of carbon monoxide attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension development presumably through activation of BKCa channels.
|
OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that inhalation of a low concentration of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) attenuates the development of hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension by activation of large-conductance voltage and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)).METHODS: The BK(Ca) activity was measured using whole-cell and inside-out patch clamp recordings in Wistar rat pulmonary artery (PA) myocytes. Pulmonary artery pressures were measured in vivo and membrane potentials were recorded in vitro in pressurized resistance arteries.RESULTS: Chronic CO inhalation slightly increases single-channel conductance of BK(Ca) channels and induces a large increase in the sensitivity of BK(Ca) channels to Ca(2+) of PA myocytes from normoxic and chronic hypoxic rats. Consequently, BK(Ca) currents are increased and play a more prominent role in controlling resting membrane potential of PA myocytes. Chronic CO inhalation also reduces hemodynamic changes induced by chronic hypoxia and attenuates hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension.CONCLUSION: Chronic inhalation of CO attenuates hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension development presumably through activation of BK(Ca) channels. These results highlight the potential use of CO as a novel avenue for research on the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAHT) in a similar manner to another gasotransmitter, nitric oxide.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Cell Polarity', 'Chronic Disease', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Muscle Cells', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Peptides', 'Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 15,664,403
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['G04.250'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G09.330.380'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A11.620'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of adenosine A(3) receptors supports hematopoiesis-stimulating effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in sublethally irradiated mice.
|
PURPOSE: Research areas of 'post-exposure treatment' and 'cytokines and growth factors' have top priority among studies aimed at radiological nuclear threat countermeasures. The experiments were aimed at testing the ability of N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA), an adenosine A(3) receptor agonist, to modulate hematopoiesis in sublethally irradiated mice, when administered alone or in a combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a two-day post-irradiation treatment regimen.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A complete analysis of hematopoiesis including determination of numbers of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cells, as well as of numbers of peripheral blood cells, was performed. The outcomes of the treatment were assessed at days 3 to 22 after irradiation.RESULTS: IB-MECA alone has been found to induce a significant elevation of numbers of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) and peripheral blood neutrophils. IB-MECA given concomitantly with G-CSF increased significantly bone marrow GM-CFC and erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E) in comparison with the controls and with animals administered each of the drugs alone.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the ability of IB-MECA to stimulate hematopoiesis and to support the hematopoiesis-stimulating effects of G-CSF in sublethally irradiated mice.
|
['Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Erythroid Precursor Cells', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Receptor, Adenosine A3', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 20,586,541
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148.378.590.837.250', 'A11.443.240.497', 'A11.872.378.590.817.250', 'A15.378.316.378.590.837.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700.300'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The transfer of movement sequences: effects of decreased and increased load.
|
A number of recent experiments have demonstrated that a movement structure develops during the course of learning a movement sequence that provides the basis for transfer. After learning a movement sequence participants have been shown to be able to effectively produce the sequence when movement demands require that the sequence be rescaled in amplitude or produced with an unpractised set of effectors. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether participants, after learning a complex 16-element movement sequence with a 0.567-kg load, could also effectively produce the sequence when the load was decreased (0.0 kg) or increased (1.134 kg). The results indicated that participants were able to effectively compensate for decreased and increased load with virtually no changes in performance characteristics (displacement, velocity, acceleration, and pattern of element durations) while electromyographic (EMG) signals demonstrated that smaller (reduced load) or larger forces (increased load) were spontaneously generated to compensate for the change in load. The muscle activation patterns of the biceps and triceps as well as the level of coactivation appeared to be generally upscaled to generate and dissipate the changes in force requirement needed to compensate for the increased load.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Motor Skills', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Practice, Psychological', 'Retention, Psychology', 'Serial Learning', 'Students', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Transfer, Psychology', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 17,514,593
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.808.260'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.494'], ['F02.463.425.674'], ['F02.463.425.540.772'], ['F02.463.425.952.747'], ['M01.848'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.425.910'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transition metal cations extraction by ester and ketone derivatives of chromogenic azocalix[4]arenes.
|
The molecule of azocalix[n]arene is a macrocyclic used effectively in the complexation of the heavy metal pollutants (like silver and mercury). In this work, our main aim is to prepare new chromogenic azocalix[n]arene molecules to elaborate an extractant with high extractant selectivity for metal ions able to detect this type of pollutant. The solvent extraction properties of four acetyls, four methyl ketones and four benzoyls derivatives from azocalix[4]arenes which were prepared by linking 4-ethyl, 4-n-butyl, 4-acetamid anilin and 2-aminothiazol to calix[4]arene through a diazo-coupling reaction, the alkaline earth (Sr2+) and the transition (Ag+, Hg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+) metal cations have been determined by extraction studies with metal picrates. Both ketones are better extractants than esters, and show a strong preference for Ag+, while Cu2+ and Cr3+ are the most extracted cation with the esters. Both acetyl and benzoyl esters are good carriers for Ag+ and Hg2+.
|
['Azo Compounds', 'Calixarenes', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Esters', 'Ketones', 'Ligands', 'Metals', 'Phenols', 'Picrates']
| 18,023,970
|
[['D02.172'], ['D04.345.025'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D02.241.400'], ['D02.522'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D01.552'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recursive Mahalanobis separability measure for gene subset selection.
|
Mahalanobis class separability measure provides an effective evaluation of the discriminative power of a feature subset, and is widely used in feature selection. However, this measure is computationally intensive or even prohibitive when it is applied to gene expression data. In this study, a recursive approach to Mahalanobis measure evaluation is proposed, with the goal of reducing computational overhead. Instead of evaluating Mahalanobis measure directly in high-dimensional space, the recursive approach evaluates the measure through successive evaluations in 2D space. Because of its recursive nature, this approach is extremely efficient when it is combined with a forward search procedure. In addition, it is noted that gene subsets selected by Mahalanobis measure tend to overfit training data and generalize unsatisfactorily on unseen test data, due to small sample size in gene expression problems. To alleviate the overfitting problem, a regularized recursive Mahalanobis measure is proposed in this study, and guidelines on determination of regularization parameters are provided. Experimental studies on five gene expression problems show that the regularized recursive Mahalanobis measure substantially outperforms the nonregularized Mahalanobis measures and the benchmark recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm in all five problems.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computational Biology', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Data Mining', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Regression Analysis']
| 20,479,500
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Study of growth hormone in spontaneous dwarf rat].
|
In 1977, in the Research Laboratories, Morishita Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., we were fortunate to discover that small mutant rats named Spontaneous Dwarf Rat (gene symbol dr), inherited an autosomal recessive. In previous papers, we reported that these rats might be characterized by a defect of growth hormone (GH). In this paper, we carried out the studies of the secretory cells and GH deficiency in the pituitary glands of +/dr and dr/dr rats using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. ACTH, PRL and GH secretory cells in the pituitary gland respectively identified with antiserum to porcine ACTH, rat PRL and ovine GH by indirect method of immunohistochemistry. In the pituitary of dr/dr rats, ACTH and PRL secretory cells were confirmed, but none of the cells were stained with ovine GH antiserum. Using electron microscopy, GH secretory cells could not be identified precisely although the other cells were identified in the pituitary gland of dr/dr rats. With the analysis of pituitary homogenate by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, PRL band appeared in dr/dr rats but GH did not. These results obviously indicated that the inhibition of body weight in dr/dr rats was caused by the absence of GH in the anterior pituitary. Therefore, the Spontaneous Dwarf Rat may be a useful animal model for human dwarfism caused by isolated GH deficiency.
|
['Animals', 'Dwarfism', 'Growth Hormone', 'Pituitary Gland, Anterior', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 6,510,538
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.116.099.343', 'C16.320.240', 'C19.297'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['A06.300.747.500', 'A06.688.357.750.500', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.500', 'A08.713.357.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conformational dynamics of a biologically active three-fragment complex of horse cytochrome c.
|
The conformational dynamics of a biologically active noncovalent complex containing three fragments, ferroheme fragment (1-25)H and apofragments (28-38) and [3H](56-104) [or [3H](39-104)], of horse cytochrome c has been studied with respect to kinetics and thermodynamics of dissociation. The rate of unfolding of the two-fragment complex ferro(1-25)H . (56-104) was also estimated. The results indicate that the ferrous three-fragment complex exhibits a higher frequency of dissociation-association with fragment (28-38) and a lower frequency of overall unfolding-folding at pH 7.0. In the presence of an excess of free (28-38) and below 30 degrees C, unfolding of the ferrous three-fragment complex appears to occur by activation to the transitional state without a large change in conformation, followed by virtually simultaneous dissociation of all three of the fragments [without going through the complex (1-25)H . (56-104), which is a major intermediate for folding]. Above 30 degrees C unfolding via the complex (1-25)H . (56-104) becomes detectable because the equilibrium between the two- and the three-fragment complex is highly temperature dependent. Thus, the relative probabilities of these two different ways of transition for unfolding are modulated by temperature. The observations suggest that the mode of activation of protein and hence the pathway for unfolding may vary depending on temperature. It is also suggested that the interatomic interactions binding the three fragments together in the ordered complex are linked to strengthen each other in the ground state.
|
['Animals', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'Horses', 'Kinetics', 'Motion', 'Protein Conformation', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics']
| 6,281,788
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.482'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic.
|
INTRODUCTION: Trichomonas vaginalis is considered the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection, and its occurrence exceeds that of gonococcal and chlamydia infections. This parasite has been identified as responsible for the increased risk of transmission of HIV and has also been associated with prostate and cervical cancer. Many carriers of T. vaginalis are asymptomatic and, when experiencing a health problem, they most often have nonspecific symptoms. The aim of this research was to estimate the presence of T. vaginalis and the associated factors in women of childbearing age at a primary health care clinic in the Federal District of Brazil.METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling of an outpatient population of women of childbearing age (excluding minors and pregnant women). The women answered a questionnaire and were examined. After vaginal pH measurement and whiff testing, a vaginal secretion sample was obtained for inoculation in TYM, a specific T. vaginalis culture medium.RESULTS: The presence of T. vaginalis was identified in 16% of the sample. Fewer lifetime sexual partners and consistent condom use were identified as factors of protection against the infection. Complaints of dyspareunia were proportionally higher among women with positive cultures for T. vaginalis.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was high in the sample studied. The infection was positively associated with the number of lifetime sexual partners, and consistent condom use was a protective factor. Vaginal complaints were more common among women with T. vaginalis, but only dyspareunia had significant association.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brazil', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Trichomonas Infections', 'Trichomonas vaginalis', 'Vagina', 'Young Adult']
| 28,368,862
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C01.610.752.890'], ['B01.630.800.808.717'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evidence for telomerase activation in VSMCs exposed to hyperglycemic and hyperhomocysteinemic conditions.
|
PURPOSE: While diabetes and homocysteinemia have been demonstrated to be independent risk factors for progression of vascular disease, the activation of telomerase has not been linked to the potent effects of high levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and glucose on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We examined the proliferative response of VSMCs, resulting from hyperglycemia and hyperhomocysteinemia and their effects on telomerase activity.METHODS: Primary cultures of VSMC from human aorta and arteries were used in this experiment from 3rd -5th passages. Hcy or/and glucose were added to the cell culture media in doses equivalent to plasma levels of Hcy in patients with moderate, high homocysteinemia, or physiologically high concentrations of glucose as seen in diabetics. The modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol was used for telomerase activity assay. Cytotoxicity, viability, proliferation, protein phosphorylation, were determined in cultures treated and not treated with Hcy and glucose.RESULTS: The mitogenic effect of Hcy and glucose on VSMC, independently and together, was observed at 48 hours after treatment. The viable cell numbers were significantly increased at doses comparable to plasma levels of Hcy in hyperhomocysteinemia, as compared to untreated cultures (p < 0.01). Cells exposed to high levels of glucose also exhibited an increased proliferation response (p = 0.01). Telomerase activity was detected in all sets of VSMC cultures exposed to high levels of glucose or/and Hcy (p < 0.01). However, a significant difference was not observed in telomerase activity, when high Hcy or high glucose was used alone or in concert. Significant dual phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was observed in treated cultures but it did not correlate with the telomerase activity detected.CONCLUSION: These data establish a link with telomerase activation and the mitogenic effect of hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperglycemia.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Glucose', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Phosphorylation', 'Signal Transduction', 'Telomerase', 'Time Factors', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 19,398,425
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['C16.320.565.100.480', 'C18.452.603.378', 'C18.452.648.100.480', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.418'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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