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Swiss hypertension treatment programme with verapamil and/or enalapril in diabetic patients.
|
The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of diuretic-free antihypertensive therapy with a calcium antagonist and/or an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in patients with diabetes mellitus. 54 hypertensive [blood pressure (BP) above 140/90mm Hg] patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (n = 7) or 2 (n = 47) and normal serum creatinine levels (mean 82 +/- 6 mumol/L) received either verapamil or enalapril after a 2-week washout and a 4-week placebo phase. If BP remained elevated, both agents were combined. Verapamil or enalapril alone normalised diastolic BP (to less than 90mm Hg) in 36 patients; verapamil decreased BP from 159/98 to 147/87mm Hg (n = 19, p < 0.001) and enalapril decreased BP from 166/99 to 146/88mm Hg (n = 17, p < 0.001). In 18 patients who remained hypertensive after 10 weeks of monotherapy, a combination of both drugs decreased BP from 169/104 to 151/90mm Hg (p < 0.001). Overall, 87% of patients achieved a target BP response at 30 weeks. Urinary albumin as related to creatinine excretion (UAE; micrograms albumin:mg creatinine) was on average not significantly changed after verapamil or enalapril treatment, alone or combined. Nevertheless, in patients with initial microalbuminuria, UAE decreased (p < 0.05) during enalapril treatment. Serum potassium, total lipids, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum C peptide and fructosamine levels were not significantly modified by treatment. Subjective tolerability of the drugs was also generally good. Thus, in hypertensive patients with diabetes, a diuretic-free therapy based on the calcium antagonist verapamil or the ACE inhibitor enalapril, alone or combined, can effectively decrease BP without adversely affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Creatinine', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Enalapril', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Switzerland', 'Verapamil']
| 1,283,588
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['C19.246.099'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Microbial contamination of raw meat and its environment in retail shops in Karachi, Pakistan.
|
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the frequency of contamination in retail meat available in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODOLOGY: Raw meat samples (250) and surface swabs (90) from meat processing equipment and the surrounding environment were analyzed for microbiological contamination.RESULTS: Out of 340 samples, 84% were found to be contaminated with bacterial species, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 550 (66%) of the bacterial isolates were potential pathogens. Of these, 342 and 208 isolates were from meat and environmental samples respectively. Food-borne pathogens isolated from meat samples included Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria, Salmonella Enteritidis and Shigella species whereas environmental samples yielded Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella species. Four strains of Brucella species were also isolated from meat samples. Total aerobic counts ranged between 108 -1010 CFU/g or cm2. Resistance to a wide range of antibiotics was observed. Resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxicillin, novobiocin and cefaclor were from 62 to 75% in general. Thirty-three percent of Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin. No quinolone resistance was observed. Biofilm formation was observed among 88 (16%) pathogenic bacteria including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter species and Staphylococcus aureus.CONCLUSIONS: Food-borne pathogens found in retail shops could be sources for horizontal contamination of meat. Our data confirm the circulation of antibiotic resistant and biofilm forming pathogens in raw meat and its environment in retail shops in Pakistan, which could play a role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance amongst food-borne bacteria.
|
['Bacteria', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'Humans', 'Meat', 'Microbial Viability', 'Pakistan', 'Prevalence']
| 20,601,790
|
[['B03'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['H01.158.273.540.274', 'N06.850.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['G06.580'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Hiatal hernia. Symptoms, diagnosis and therapy].
|
Forty-eight patients with a mean age of 53 years were treated for hiatal hernia at the University of W?rzburg Department of Surgery between 1983 and 1989. The cohort was subdivided according to type of herniation, age and sex, and symptoms. Conservative treatment sufficed in 22%, but the majority (78%) underwent surgery. Nissen's fundoplication predominated (48%); other methods used were gastropexy (17%), antrectomy with Roux's Y-gastrojejunostomy (6%) and Angelchik's prosthesis (6%). Intra- and postoperative complications included 5 splenectomies following iatrogenic trauma to the spleen, 2 cases of subphrenic abscess, and 2 with pleural effusions. The extensive discussion stresses the various operative treatment procedures and their respective advantages and drawbacks.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Female', 'Gastric Fundus', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Hernia, Hiatal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pyloric Antrum']
| 1,927,088
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['A03.556.875.875.419'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['C23.300.707.960.500.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A03.556.875.875.716']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid binding of beta 2-microglobulin to renal brush-border membranes.
|
125I-labelled human beta 2-microglobulin binding to rat renal brush-border membranes was assessed by an in vitro assay under near physiological incubation conditions (i.e. low content of albumin). Binding rate was 55 pmol/min per mg protein in the presence of 200 nM of beta 2-microglobulin and degradation rate was negligible versus binding rate. The binding rate was in reasonable agreement with the in vivo reabsorption rate, supporting the hypothesis of proteins binding to the luminal membrane during the process of reabsorption. Mild solubilizing treatment (Triton 0.1%) of brush border after beta 2-microglobulin binding yielded the labelled molecule associated with a high-molecular-weight component. Aminopeptidase activity and binding ability were to a certain extent co-purified during the course of the brush-border preparation, suggesting that most of the beta 2-microglobulin binding sites were localized in the brush-border membranes.
|
['Aminopeptidases', 'Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Male', 'Microvilli', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']
| 3,318,931
|
[['D08.811.277.656.350.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.100', 'D12.776.377.715.182.100', 'D12.776.395.550.489.100', 'D12.776.543.550.439.100', 'D23.050.301.500.100.175', 'D23.050.705.552.100.175']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Plantar fasciitis treated with local steroid injection: comparison between sonographic and palpation guidance.
|
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of sonographically guided and palpation-guided steroid injection for the treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients with unilateral proximal plantar fasciitis were recruited and randomly divided into a sonographically guided group (n = 12) and palpation-guided group (n = 13). Proximal plantar fascia was assessed with a 5- to 12-MHz linear-array transducer. Pain intensity was quantified using a "tenderness threshold" (TT) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Injection of 7 mg (1 ml) of betamethasone and 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine into the inflamed proximal plantar fascia was performed under the guidance of sonography or palpation. Patients were evaluated clinically and sonographically before injection and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year after injection. VAS- and TT-measured pain intensity, thickness, and echogenicity of the proximal plantar fascia, as well as the recurrence of heel pain, were assessed.RESULTS: Both VAS- and TT-measured levels of pain improved significantly after steroid injection in both groups (p < 0.001). Also, the thickness decreased significantly after injection (p < 0.01 in the palpation-guided group; p < 0.001 in the sonographically guided group). The number of patients with hypoechogenicity at the proximal plantar fascia decreased after steroid injection in both groups (p < 0.01 for both groups). The recurrence rate of plantar fasciitis in patients of the palpation-guided group (6/13) was significantly higher than that of the sonographically guided group (1/12) (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Steroid injection can be an effective way to treat plantar fasciitis, and injection under sonographic guidance is associated with lower recurrence of heel pain.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Dexamethasone', 'Fasciitis, Plantar', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intralesional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Physical Examination', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 16,353,228
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C05.321.600', 'C05.360.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.430'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Conjugated linoleic acid determination in human milk by fast-gas chromatography.
|
An efficient direct method for measuring c9,t11- and t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer content in human and rat milk was developed and validated using an RTX-2330 capillary column (40 m x 0.18 mm x 0.1 microm). In comparison with the commonly used 100 m x 0.25 mm x 0.20 microm columns, this new type of fast column allowed the separation of FAMEs with the same resolution but in much less time. An additional advantage for biological samples was that only a small volume of sample was needed. Two different procedures were tested in order to select the best methylation of CLA isomers, and the alkali plus acid-catalyzed procedure was selected. The precision results showed relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of repeatability and reproducibility ranging between 0.10 and 8.71%. The application of this method to human and rat milk samples showed that it was a rapid, simple and reliable method for the analysis of biological samples.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Humans', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Methylation', 'Milk', 'Milk, Human', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 17,936,116
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A12.200.467', 'A12.790.500', 'G07.203.100.700.500', 'G07.203.300.350.525.500', 'J02.200.700.500', 'J02.500.350.525.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sulfhydryl oxidation of mutants with cysteine in place of acidic residues in the lactose permease.
|
To examine further the role of charge-pair interactions in the structure and function of lactose permease, Asp237 (helix VII), Asp240 (helix VII), Glu126 (cytoplasmic loop IV/V), Glu269 (helix VIII), and Glu325 (helix X) were replaced individually with Cys in a functional mutant devoid of Cys residues. Each mutant was then oxidized with H2O2 in order to generate a sulfinic and/or sulfonic acid at these positions. Due to the isosteric relationship between aspartate and sulfinate, in particular, and the lower pKa of the sulfinic and sulfonic acid side chains, oxidized derivatives of Cys are useful probes for examining the role of carboxylates. Asp237-->Cys or Asp240-->Cys permease is inactive, as shown previously, but H2O2 oxidation restores activity to an extent similar to that observed when a negative charge is reintroduced by other means. Glu126-->Cys, Glu269-->Cys, or Glu325-->Cys permease is inactive, but oxidation does not restore active lactose transport. The data are consistent with previous observations indicating that Asp237 and Asp240 are not critical for active lactose transport, while Glu126, Glu269, and Glu325 are irreplaceable. Although Glu269-->Cys permease does not transport lactose, the oxidized mutant exhibits significant transport of beta,D-galactosylpyranosyl 1-thio-beta,D-galactopyranoside, a property observed with Glu269-->Asp permease. The observation supports the idea that an acidic residue at position 269 is important for substrate recognition. Finally, oxidized Glu325-->Cys permease catalyzes equilibrium exchange with an apparent pKa of about 6.5, more than a pH unit lower than that observed with Glu325-->Asp permease, thereby providing strong confirmatory evidence that a negative charge at position 325 determines the rate of translocation of the ternary complex between the permease, substrate, and H+.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Cysteine', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Sulfinic Acids', 'Sulfonic Acids', 'Symporters']
| 9,609,715
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D01.029.260.877.700', 'D01.875.800.700', 'D02.886.645.585'], ['D01.029.260.877.740', 'D01.875.800.740', 'D02.886.645.600'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography, and multicoil magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative evaluation of prostate cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was designed to compare the potentials of digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using integrated endorectal and pelvic phased-array coils for preoperative estimation of tumor volume and local extent of prostate cancer.METHODS: Evaluation of 20 consecutive patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy included DRE, TRUS with a 7.5-MHz transducer, and MRI on a 1.5-tesla GE Signa system. Step sections (5 mm) of the entire specimen were performed, and tumor volume and percentage of gland involved were calculated.RESULTS: DRE, TRUS, and endorectal and pelvic phased-array MRI showed 50, 75, and 95% of the cancers, respectively. There was a linear correlation on MRI between predicted tumor volume and pathological tumor volume (r = 0.82, p < 0.0001), but not between predicted volume on DRE or TRUS and real volume. The accuracy for detecting extracapsular penetration was 60% for DRE and TRUS and 79% for MRI. The accuracy for detecting seminal vesicle invasion was 60% for DRE, 66 for TRUS, and 89% for MRI. The negative predictive value for extracapsular and seminal vesicle extension was highest for MRI (85 and 93%, respectively). The accuracy for tumor location in the apex of the prostate was 30% for DRE, 47 for TRUS, and 89% for MRI.CONCLUSIONS: MRI with integrated endorectal and pelvic phased-array coils satisfactorily predicted tumor volume and tumor extent preoperatively. Multicoil MRI can assist in decision making as it is valuable in the definition of patients that may benefit from surgery and can be of help for evaluating the risk of a positive margin, especially in the apical resection.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palpation', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography']
| 9,286,643
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ginkgolic acid promotes autophagy-dependent clearance of intracellular alpha-synuclein aggregates.
|
The accumulation of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Lewy bodies) composed of aggregates of the alpha-synuclein (á-syn) protein is the principal pathological characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and may lead to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. To date there is no medication that can promote the efficient clearance of these pathological aggregates. In this study, the effect on á-syn aggregate clearance of ginkgolic acid (GA), a natural compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves that inhibits SUMOylation amongst other pathways, was assessed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and rat primary cortical neurons. Depolarization of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and rat primary cortical neurons with KCl was used to induce á-syn aggregate formation. Cells pre-treated with either GA or the related compound, anacardic acid, revealed a significant decrease in intracytoplasmic aggregates immunopositive for á-syn and SUMO-1. An increased frequency of autophagosomes was also detected with both compounds. GA post-treatment 24 h after depolarization also significantly diminished á-syn aggregate bearing cells, indicating the clearance of pre-formed aggregates. Autophagy inhibitors blocked GA-dependent clearance of á-syn aggregates, but not increased autophagosome frequency. Western analysis revealed that the reduction in á-syn aggregate frequency obtained with GA pre-treatment was accompanied by little change in the abundance of SUMO conjugates. The current findings show that GA can promote autophagy-dependent clearance of á-syn aggregates and may have potential in disease modifying therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Autophagosomes', 'Autophagy', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Protein Aggregates', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Salicylates', 'Sumoylation', 'alpha-Synuclein']
| 31,654,699
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.700.500'], ['G04.011'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D05.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925.500', 'G02.111.691.600.775.500', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831.500', 'G05.308.670.600.831.500'], ['D12.776.631.860.500', 'D12.776.637.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Resection of multiple thymoma: a case report].
|
A 74-year-old male, who had been treated for hypertension at the out-patient clinic, was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on a chest radiograph. After diagnosis of thymoma by needle biopsy surgery was carried out on July 6, 1995, when an extended thymectomy along with removal of the entire tumor was done. During the surgery it was noticed that there was not one, but two independent tumors located in the anterior mediastinum, the upper left portion was growing from the level of the crania to the left brachiocephalic vein, whereas the lower right portion was growing towards the right thoracic cavity in front of the pericardium. Both tumors were encapsulated firmly, and connected to each other by scantly loose connective tissues. There was no continuity or sarring between the two tumors. Histologically both were diagnosed to be lymphocytic thymoma. We believe that this case is a good example of multiple thymomas and provides evidence of the potential multicentricity of thymoma. It is possible that extended thymectomy may be seeded for a complete resection of thymomas.
|
['Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Thymectomy', 'Thymoma', 'Thymus Neoplasms']
| 9,396,265
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.928.770'], ['C04.557.435.850', 'C04.588.894.949.500', 'C15.604.861.800'], ['C04.588.894.949', 'C15.604.861']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mitochondrial function in type I cells isolated from rabbit arterial chemoreceptors.
|
1. In this, and the accompanying paper (Duchen & Biscoe, 1992), we test the hypothesis that the oxygen sensitivity of mitochondrial electron transport forms a basis for transduction in the carotid body, the primary peripheral arterial oxygen sensor. We here describe for isolated type I cells the changes in autofluorescence of mitochondrial NAD(P)H that accompany changes in PO2. 2. NAD(P)H autofluorescence (excitation, 340-360 nm; emission peak, 450 nm) increased with anoxia, reflecting a rise in the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio. Graded increases in autofluorescence were seen in response to graded decreases in PO2, suggesting that mitochondrial function is progressively altered below a PO2 of about 60 mmHg. 3. A mitochondrial origin for the NAD(P)H autofluorescence was suggested by the mutual exclusion of the responses to anoxia and cyanide. 4. Oxidized flavoproteins fluoresce when excited at 450 nm with an emission peak at 550 nm. The small signals obtained under these conditions increased with uncoupler and showed a graded decrease with falling PO2 reflecting a rise in the FADH/FAD ratio. 5. Hypoxia raises [Ca2+]i. The hypoxia-induced changes in mitochondrial function were not secondary to this rise. A brief K(+)-induced depolarization leads to a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. At the same time there is a rapid decrease in NAD(P)H autofluorescence followed by an increase that far outlasts the rise in [Ca2+]i. This delayed increase in autofluorescence was smaller than was the increase with anoxia, even though K(+)-induced depolarization raised [Ca2+]i more than does anoxia. In Ca(2+)-free solutions the depolarization-induced changes were abolished, while those associated with hypoxia were maintained. 6. The changes of autofluorescence with K(+)-induced depolarization appear to reflect (i) oxidation of NAD(P)H by stimulation of respiration following mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and (ii) reduction of NAD(P) by the Ca(2+)-dependent activation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases. This activation could last several minutes following only 100 ms depolarization, while the changes accompanying hypoxia closely followed the time course of the change in PO2. 7. In similarly isolated rat or mouse chromaffin cells and mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons under identical conditions, no measurable change in autofluorescence or in [Ca2+]i was seen until the PO2 fell below about 5 mmHg. 8. Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone (FCCP) increases O2 consumption, oxidizing mitochondrial NADH and hence decreasing autofluorescence, (delta FFCCP). Blockade of electron transport by anoxia or CN- decreases O2 consumption, increasing mitochondrial NADH/NAD and autofluorescence (delta FCN). The fractional change in autofluorescence with FCCP, delta FFCCP/delta FFCCP+FCN), is thus a measure of resting O2 consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Carotid Body', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemoreceptor Cells', 'Cyanides', 'Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide', 'Fluorescence', 'Mitochondria', 'NADP', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Rabbits']
| 1,432,706
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A08.675.650.915.500.600.150', 'A08.800.950.500.600.150', 'A11.671.650.915.500.600.150'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.675.650.915.500', 'A08.800.950.500', 'A11.671.650.915.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650.249', 'D03.633.100.759.646.138.506', 'D03.633.300.507.650.249', 'D08.211.474.650.249', 'D13.695.667.138.506', 'D13.695.827.068.506', 'D23.767.405.650.249'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['G03.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treating the condemned to death.
|
Psychiatrists should refrain from treating mentally ill prisoners on death row in order to restore their "competency to be executed." Such "treatment" renders them double agents, in the service of the state as well as the prisoner. Participation in an act that will bring about a prisoner's death is expressly forbidden by the AMA Code of Ethics. It recalls the behavior of Nazi physicians, who used their professional skills not to heal but to kill.
|
['Capital Punishment', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Humans', 'Mentally Ill Persons', 'National Socialism', 'Psychiatry', 'Trust', 'United States']
| 3,804,727
|
[['I01.880.604.160'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.150.725'], ['I01.696.586'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['F01.829.401.825'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Single arterial trunk arising from the aortic arch. Evidence that the fifth branchial arch can persist as the definitive aortic arch.
|
A seven month old female having a single arterial trunk arising from the aortic arch is presented. The baby also had severe coarctation of the aorta and a patent ductus arteriosus. This anomaly cannot be explained by Edwards' embryonic double aortic arch model. However, it can be explained by persistence of the fifth branchial arch as the definitive aortic arch.
|
['Aorta, Thoracic', 'Branchial Region', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans']
| 1,771,120
|
[['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['A16.142'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Correlates of functional status, self-management, and developmental competence outcomes in adolescents with spina bifida.
|
Adolescents with spina bifida (SB), a congenital spinal cord impairment, are at high risk for negative outcomes. Even those with favorable cognitive status often fail to achieve independence, exhibiting poor functional and psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adaptation outcomes (functional status, self-management, and developmental competence) and SB condition-specific, adolescent protective factors, and family protective factors in a sample of adolescents with SB. Individual, interpersonal, and social developmental competence were explored. Sixty-six adolescent/parent pairs were interviewed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and partial correlations controlling for age. All instruments had acceptable reliabilities. Factors associated with outcomes generally fell into two patterns. SB condition-specific variables and adolescent activities (e.g., decision-making, household responsibilities) were related to functional status, self-management, and social competence. In contrast, adolescent beliefs (hope, attitude, and communication efficacy) were predominantly related to individual, interpersonal, and overall developmental competence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude', 'Child', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Self Care', 'Self Concept', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Adjustment', 'Spinal Dysraphism', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 14,626,030
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['F01.145.813.621'], ['C10.500.680.800', 'C16.131.666.680.800'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Overexpression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) enhances tumour growth and is associated with portal vein invasion, early recurrence and a stage-independent prognostic factor of hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
Tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) overexpresses in various tumours, but its clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Differential display analysis revealed expression of TATI in HCC. By RT-PCR in the linear range, TATI was found to be overexpressed in 176 of 258 unifocal primary HCCs (68%). TATI overexpression correlated with high-stage HCC (stage IIIB to IV) with portal vein (PV) invasion (p=0.00014), early tumour recurrence (ETR; p=0.00002), and a lower 5-year survival (p=0.000001), in both low- and high-stage HCC (p=0.033 and p=0.00036, respectively). Ectopic expression of TATI led to enhanced anchorage-independent tumour cell growth in vitro. To determine its potential as a part of a group of combined diagnostic markers, we analysed 235 HCCs for three genes encoding secretory proteins known to be overexpressed in HCC; these were TATI, AFP and osteopontin; 202 of the tumours (86%) overexpressed one or more of these genes. Further, HCC with a greater number of gene overexpressions produced bigger tumours (p=0.0024), had a higher rate of PV invasion (p= 1x10(-8)), had a higher ETR (p=1x10(-8)), and showed a lower 5-year survival (p=0.000001). We conclude that TATI overexpression contributes to cell growth advantage, enhances the metastatic potential of tumours and leads to advanced HCC with PV invasion. Thus, it is a stage-independent prognostic factor for HCC and a useful predictor for ETR. Moreover, it should be possible to use TATI, AFP and osteopontin as combined markers for molecular staging, the detection of HCC and for the prediction of ETR.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Osteopontin', 'Portal Vein', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 17,267,202
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['D12.644.276.374.625', 'D12.776.395.700.837', 'D12.776.467.374.625', 'D12.776.860.300.762', 'D23.529.374.625'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D12.644.822.750.500', 'D12.776.124.050.850', 'D12.776.645.688.500'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expanding the Coverage of the Metabolome with Nitrogen-Based NMR.
|
Isotopically labeling a metabolite and tracing its metabolic fate has provided invaluable insights about the role of metabolism in human diseases in addition to a variety of other issues. 13C-labeled metabolite tracers or unlabeled 1H-based NMR experiments are currently the most common application of NMR to metabolomics studies. Unfortunately, the coverage of the metabolome has been consequently limited to the most abundant carbon-containing metabolites. To expand the coverage of the metabolome and enhance the impact of metabolomics studies, we present a protocol for 15N-labeled metabolite tracer experiments that may also be combined with routine 13C tracer experiments to simultaneously detect both 15N- and 13C-labeled metabolites in metabolic samples. A database consisting of 2D 1H-15N HSQC natural-abundance spectra of 50 nitrogen-containing metabolites are also presented to facilitate the assignment of 15N-labeled metabolites. The methodology is demonstrated by labeling Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus metabolomes with 15N1-ammonium chloride, 15N4-arginine, and 13C2-acetate. Efficient 15N and 13C metabolite labeling and identification were achieved utilizing standard cell culture and sample preparation protocols.
|
['Acetates', 'Adenine', 'Ammonium Chloride', 'Arginine', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glutamine', 'Humans', 'Metabolome', 'Metabolomics', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nitrogen Isotopes', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Ornithine', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Thiamine']
| 29,505,241
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['D01.210.450.150.050', 'D01.625.062.249'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.500'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.604.500', 'D01.362.625.500', 'D01.496.586'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D12.125.068.665', 'D12.125.095.765'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D02.886.675.900', 'D03.383.129.708.900', 'D03.383.742.795']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The prevalence of intestinal nematodes in cats and dogs from Lancashire, north-west England.
|
OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence of clinically-relevant intestinal nematodes in UK cats and dogs using the sensitive faecal analysis technique FLOTAC.METHODS: Faecal samples were collected from 171 domestic dogs and 131 domestic cats living in urban areas of Lancashire and examined for the ova of intestinal parasites using the FLOTAC technique. All tested individuals were at least 6 months old, had not been treated with anthelmintics since 6 months of age nor in the 3 weeks prior to testing.RESULTS: In total, 5·3% of dogs (9/171) were positive for Toxocara canis; of these, 5/9 had <100 T. canis epg. Two dogs were positive for Uncinaria stenocephala, and 3 were positive for Strongyloides species. Single animals had Ancylostoma species and Spirocerca lupi infection. All egg counts were <100 epg. 26% of cats (34/131) were infected with Toxocara cati; of these, 6/34 had <100 T. cati epg. Two cats were positive for Strongyloides species, four for Ancylostoma species and single case for U. stenocephala, Toxascaris leonina and S. lupi.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The high prevalence and zoonotic potential of Toxocara species in cats and dogs suggests the need for greater awareness of the need for repeated treatment. The discovery of S. lupi warrants further investigation and awareness of the clinical signs that this parasite may cause in cats and dogs.
|
['Animals', 'Anthelmintics', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'England', 'Female', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Male', 'Nematode Infections', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Strongylida', 'Toxocara canis', 'Urban Population']
| 27,071,856
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['C01.610.335.508'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.780.225'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Secondary structure formations of conotoxin genes: a possible role in mediating variability.
|
Small venomous peptides called conotoxins produced by the predatory marine snail (genus Conus) present an interesting case for mutational studies. They have a high degree of amino acid variability among them yet they possess highly conserved structural elements that are defined by cysteine residues forming disulfide bridges along the length of the mature peptide. It has been observed that codons specifying these cysteines are also highly conserved. It is unknown how such codon conservation is maintained within the mature conotoxin gene since this entire region undergoes an accelerated rate of mutation. There is evidence suggesting that nucleic acids wield some influence in mechanisms that dictate the region and frequency where mutations occur in DNA. Nucleic acids exert this effect primarily through secondary structures that bring about local peaks and troughs in the energy relief of these transient formations. Secondary structure predictions of several conotoxin genes were analyzed to see if there was any correspondence between the highly variable regions of the conotoxin. Regions of the DNA encompassing the conserved Cys codons (and several other conserved amino acid codons) have been found to correspond to predicted secondary structures of higher stabilities. In stark contrast the regions of the conotoxin that have a higher degree of variation correlate to regions of lower stability. This striking co-relation allows for a simple model of inaccessibility of a mutator to these highly conserved regions of the conotoxin gene allowing them a relative degree of resistance towards change.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Codon', 'Conotoxins', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Snails']
| 16,949,043
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['D20.888.590.162', 'D23.946.580.590.162', 'D23.946.833.590.162'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a Functional Ruthenium(II) Complex that Can Act as a Photoluminescent and Electrochemiluminescent Dual-signaling Probe for Hypochlorous Acid.
|
A functional ruthenium(II) complex that can act as a probe for response to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in aqueous media with photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual-signals, [Ru(bpy)2(DB-phen)](PF6)2 [bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine; DB-phen: 5-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylamino)-1,10-phenanthroline)], has been designed and synthesized. The complex is highly luminescent both under the light excitation and the electrochemical induction. It can specifically react with HOCl in physiological pH aqueous media to afford its chlorinated derivative, [Ru(bpy)2(DBCA-phen)](PF6)2 [DBCA-phen: 5-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl-chloroamino)- 1,10-phenanthroline], accompanied by remarkable decreases in its PL and ECL intensities. The PL and ECL abatements of [Ru(bpy)2(DB-phen)](PF6)2 show good linear correlation to the concentration of HOCl with detection limits at low micromolar concentration level, and the PL and ECL responses of the complex to HOCl are highly specific without interferences of other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. These features enabled [Ru(bpy)2(DB-phen)](PF6)2 to be used as a probe for the highly selective and sensitive detection of HOCl in aqueous media with PL and ECL dual-modes.
|
["2,2'-Dipyridyl", 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Hypochlorous Acid', 'Light', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Phenanthrolines', 'Ruthenium', 'Water']
| 25,962,768
|
[['D03.383.725.220'], ['E05.301'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D01.029.260.365', 'D01.210.465', 'D01.339.431.311', 'D01.650.550.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.691'], ['D03.633.300.669'], ['D01.268.556.805', 'D01.268.956.812', 'D01.552.544.805'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tamoxifen inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
|
Breast cancer patient survival is increased by tamoxifen, and we therefore need to understand how this drug exerts its effect. We describe a novel action of tamoxifen, the inhibition of LTB4 and 5-HETE production from [14C]-arachidonic acid by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
|
['Arachidonate Lipoxygenases', 'Humans', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Neutrophils', 'Tamoxifen']
| 2,884,303
|
[['D08.811.682.690.416.583.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Liver storage iron in normal population of Cuba.
|
One hundred sixty-one liver specimens from subjects who died acute traumatic deaths were studied. Of these, 127 came from male subjects and 34 from female subjects. The liver storage iron values of subjects in the persent study dying acutely from traumas and the differences found are in agreement with those expected according to the iron physiological needs and the prevalence of anemia reported by this cause in the world. This substantiates that the study of nonheme iron contents in subjects who died acute traumatic deaths is a good method for assessing iron nutritional status in a population. It is interesting to note the significant increase of hepatic storage iron found in men 61 to 70 years old, although it would be important to increase the number of cases to obtain more representative data. Liver storage iron in the Cuban population is not essentially different from that reported in the United States, Sweden, and Australia and the deficiency percentage is one of the lowest in Latin America.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Anemia, Hypochromic', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cuba', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Iron', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Sex Factors']
| 7,355,774
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C15.378.071.196'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.107.084.900.225', 'Z01.639.880.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antigen-presenting cells transfected with Hsp65 messenger RNA fail to treat experimental tuberculosis.
|
In the last several years, the use of dendritic cells has been studied as a therapeutic strategy against tumors. Dendritic cells can be pulsed with peptides or full-length protein, or they can be transfected with DNA or RNA. However, comparative studies suggest that transfecting dendritic cells with messenger RNA (mRNA) is superior to other antigen-loading techniques in generating immunocompetent dendritic cells. In the present study, we evaluated a new therapeutic strategy to fight tuberculosis using dendritic cells and macrophages transfected with Hsp65 mRNA. First, we demonstrated that antigen-presenting cells transfected with Hsp65 mRNA exhibit a higher level of expression of co-stimulatory molecules, suggesting that Hsp65 mRNA has immunostimulatory properties. We also demonstrated that spleen cells obtained from animals immunized with mock and Hsp65 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells were able to generate a mixed Th1/Th2 response with production not only of IFN-ã but also of IL-5 and IL-10. In contrast, cells recovered from mice immunized with Hsp65 mRNA-transfected macrophages were able to produce only IL-5. When mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with antigen-presenting cells transfected with Hsp65 mRNA (therapeutic immunization), we did not detect any decrease in the lung bacterial load or any preservation of the lung parenchyma, indicating the inability of transfected cells to confer curative effects against tuberculosis. In spite of the lack of therapeutic efficacy, this study reports for the first time the use of antigen-presenting cells transfected with mRNA in experimental tuberculosis.
|
['Animals', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Chaperonin 60', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Spleen', 'Transfection', 'Tuberculosis', 'Tuberculosis Vaccines']
| 22,983,180
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.142.500.500', 'D12.776.580.216.210.590.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['D20.215.894.135.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sound imaging of nocturnal animal calls in their natural habitat.
|
We present a novel method for imaging acoustic communication between nocturnal animals. Investigating the spatio-temporal calling behavior of nocturnal animals, e.g., frogs and crickets, has been difficult because of the need to distinguish many animals' calls in noisy environments without being able to see them. Our method visualizes the spatial and temporal dynamics using dozens of sound-to-light conversion devices (called "Firefly") and an off-the-shelf video camera. The Firefly, which consists of a microphone and a light emitting diode, emits light when it captures nearby sound. Deploying dozens of Fireflies in a target area, we record calls of multiple individuals through the video camera. We conduct two experiments, one indoors and the other in the field, using Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica). The indoor experiment demonstrates that our method correctly visualizes Japanese tree frogs' calling behavior. It has confirmed the known behavior; two frogs call synchronously or in anti-phase synchronization. The field experiment (in a rice paddy where Japanese tree frogs live) also visualizes the same calling behavior to confirm anti-phase synchronization in the field. Experimental results confirm that our method can visualize the calling behavior of nocturnal animals in their natural habitat.
|
['Acoustics', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Ethology', 'Ranidae', 'Sound', 'Species Specificity', 'Video Recording', 'Vocalization, Animal']
| 21,584,762
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['F04.096.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708'], ['G01.750.770.776'], ['G16.824'], ['L01.280.960'], ['F01.145.113.055.800']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Disorders of taste.
|
At least 2 million Americans suffer with chemosensory dysfunction or disorders of taste and smell. In addition to the obvious aesthetic deprivation, loss of taste may affect an individual's health and psychosocial situation. Most taste disorders are associated with antecedent upper respiratory infection, trauma, or allergic rhinitis, or have an idiopathic etiology. They may reflect underlying neoplastic, neurologic, endocrine, infectious, or nutritional disturbances; only 1% of these patients have a functional disorder. Evaluation consists of a history and physical, followed by a screening test battery searching for any of the treatable etiologies. One third of patients will respond to exogenous zinc therapy after a treatment period of 2 to 4 months. The remainder must rely on supportive measures such as additives, flavor enhancers, and rinses.
|
['Humans', 'Taste Disorders', 'Zinc']
| 2,794,747
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.861', 'C23.888.592.763.861'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against anti-metenkephalin antibodies in rabbits.
|
Anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised in rabbits immunized against immunoglobulins purified from anti-metenkephalin antibody. The antibodies competed dose-dependently with metenkephalin in binding to anti-metenkephalin antibody on a solid phase metenkephalin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titers of the antiidiotypic activity appeared characteristically in transient peaks and troughs in alternation with anti-metenkephalin activities and were retained after purification on various affinity columns.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Enkephalin, Methionine', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin Idiotypes', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Opioid']
| 2,828,978
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.381', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.381'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.541.500.745', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.745', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.745', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.745', 'D23.050.550.750', 'G02.111.570.060.425.580', 'G12.500.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Combining ECG Criteria for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Improves Risk Prediction in Patients With Hypertension.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with hypertension with ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but single ECG criteria may underestimate risk. Whether continued presence or new development of ECG LVH by 2 criteria can further concentrate risk during blood pressure lowering is unclear.METHODS AND RESULTS: Incident stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, the composite of these outcomes, and all-cause mortality were examined in relation to the presence of on-treatment ECG LVH by Cornell product and/or Sokolow-Lyon voltage during a mean of 4.8±0.9 years follow-up in 9193 patients with hypertension randomized to losartan- or atenolol-based regimens. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of ECG LVH by each criterion at baseline and yearly during the study. At baseline, LVH by both criteria was present in 960 patients (10.4%). Compared with the absence of ECG LVH by both criteria, persistence or development of ECG LVH by both criteria entered as a time-varying covariate was associated with >3-fold increased risks of events in multivariable Cox analyses adjusting for randomized treatment, baseline risk factors, and on-treatment heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Patients with ECG LVH by either Cornell product or Sokolow-Lyon voltage had 45% to 140% higher risks of all end points.CONCLUSIONS: Persistence or development of ECG LVH by both Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria during antihypertensive therapy is associated with markedly increased risks of cardiovascular end points and all-cause mortality. Further study is indicated to determine whether additional therapy in these patients can reduce their risk.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00338260.
|
['Aged', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Atenolol', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Incidence', 'Losartan', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 29,151,037
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.070', 'D02.033.755.624.698.070', 'D02.092.063.624.698.070'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Value of urine sediment phenotyping in renal allograft recipients.
|
Leukocytes excreted in urine of renal transplant recipients were phenotyped and the results were correlated with their post-transplant course. The majority of excreted cells were monocytes, a phenomenon that bore no relationship to clinical status of the patients. T-lymphocyturia was associated with both acute rejection and urinary tract infection. In contrast, B cells were excreted in low numbers.
|
['Cell Count', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Phenotype', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urine']
| 8,010,879
|
[['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['A12.207.927']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparing predictability between eyes after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis: a theoretical analysis of simultaneous versus sequential procedures.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) between eyes of individuals to determine whether the refractive result of the first eye is useful in improving fellow eye outcomes.DESIGN: Single-center case series.PARTICIPANTS: One surgeon and 196 eyes of 98 patients.INTERVENTION: All patients received sequential bilateral LASIK. The mean time between procedures was 11.6 days. Attempted corrections ranged from 2.30 to 12.00 diopters (D).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictability (achieved minus attempted correction), postoperative manifest refraction, and theoretical postoperative manifest refraction, using a proposed attempted correction on the second eye based on first eye results, were analyzed.RESULTS: At 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, predictability of the first operated eye was correlated with predictability of the fellow eye (1 week: mean 1st = 0.33 D, mean 2nd = 0.33 D, Pearson coefficient = 0.46, P < 0.0005; 1 month: mean 1st = 0.028 D, mean 2nd = -0.020 D, Pearson coefficient = 0.43, P < 0.0005; 3 months: mean 1st = -0.22 D, mean 2nd = -0.12 D, Pearson coefficient = 0.52, P < 0.0005). At the 3-month follow-up of the second eye, comparing the actual distance from emmetropia with that calculated using a theoretical proposed attempted correction based on the first eye refraction, distance from emmetropia was closer in the theoretical correction group. This finding was stronger in patients with preoperative myopia less than 5.5 D (P = 0.03). For this group, 93% of patients in the proposed attempted correction group would fall within 1.0 D of emmetropia compared to 80% found in the actual outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: The refractive predictability between the two eyes of an individual after LASIK is correlated. Theoretically, therefore, one may be able to achieve correction closer to emmetropia in the second eye by applying the refractive predictability results from the first operated eye. In this study, using a theoretical proposed attempted correction in the second eye based on the first eye outcome, we have shown that better outcomes in the second eye are possible, particularly in low myopes. Thus, it may be advantageous to perform bilateral LASIK sequentially rather than simultaneously, using predictability outcomes from the first operated eye in planning fellow eye treatment. Moreover, waiting approximately 1 week was found to be potentially as effective as waiting longer periods of time between treatments. Further studies are necessary to better assess the actual clinical significance of these findings.
|
['Adult', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Transplantation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Myopia', 'Prognosis', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Visual Acuity']
| 10,485,535
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['E02.095.147.725.225', 'E04.540.825.374', 'E04.936.580.225'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['C11.744.636'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
15N-1H scalar coupling perturbation: an additional probe for measuring structural changes due to ligand binding.
|
Chemical shift perturbation mapping of backbone amides is one of the most widely employed techniques in biomolecular NMR, providing residue-by-residue information on interaction interfaces, ligand binding, and chemical modification sites, even for samples where poor solubility, short lifetime, or large size precludes more sophisticated experimental approaches. Significant changes can also occur in the amide one-bond (15)N-(1)H scalar coupling constants for glutamine binding protein (GlnBP) due to ligand binding. Like chemical shift perturbations, large changes (>1 Hz) are seen near the site of glutamine binding, though perturbations also occur distant to the site. The coupling constant perturbations correlate with significant structural changes, especially changes in backbone hydrogen bonding. Thus, amide scalar coupling perturbation can serve as an adjunct to chemical shift perturbation, providing additional information on both short-range and longer-range, allosteric structural changes.
|
['Amides', 'Binding Sites', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nitrogen Isotopes', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Protons']
| 19,580,276
|
[['D02.065'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.604.500', 'D01.362.625.500', 'D01.496.586'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pedigree analysis for quantitative traits: variance components without matrix inversion.
|
Recent developments in the animal breeding literature facilitate estimation of the variance components in quantitative genetic models. However, computation remains intensive, and many of the procedures are restricted to specialized designs and models, unsuited to data arising from studies of natural populations. We develop algorithms that allow maximum likelihood estimation of variance components for data on arbitrary pedigree structures. The proposed methods can be implemented on microcomputers, since no intensive matrix computations or manipulations are involved. Although parts of our procedures have been previously presented, we unify these into an overall scheme whose intuitive justification clarifies the approach. Two examples are analyzed: one of data on a natural population of Salivia lyrata and the other of simulated data on an extended pedigree.
|
['Algorithms', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Biometry', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Female', 'Male', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Statistical', 'Pedigree']
| 2,364,130
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['E05.393.281'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.393.673']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protein cryoprotective activity of a cytosolic small heat shock protein that accumulates constitutively in chestnut stems and is up-regulated by low and high temperatures.
|
Heat shock, and other stresses that cause protein misfolding and aggregation, trigger the accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in virtually all organisms. Among the HSPs of higher plants, those belonging to the small HSP (sHSP) family remain the least characterized in functional terms. We analyzed the occurrence of sHSPs in vegetative organs of Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut), a temperate woody species that exhibits remarkable freezing tolerance. A constitutive sHSP subject to seasonal periodic changes of abundance was immunodetected in stems. This protein was identified by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and internal peptide sequencing as CsHSP17.5, a cytosolic class I sHSP previously described in cotyledons. Expression of the corresponding gene in stems was confirmed through cDNA cloning and reverse transcription-PCR. Stem protein and mRNA profiles indicated that CsHSP17.5 is significantly up-regulated in spring and fall, reaching maximal levels in late summer and, especially, in winter. In addition, cold exposure was found to quickly activate shsp gene expression in both stems and roots of chestnut seedlings kept in growth chambers. Our main finding is that purified CsHSP17.5 is very effective in protecting the cold-labile enzyme lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-induced inactivation (on a molar basis, CsHSP17.5 is about 400 times more effective as cryoprotectant than hen egg-white lysozyme). Consistent with these observations, repeated freezing/thawing did not affect appreciably the chaperone activity of diluted CsHSP17.5 nor its ability to form dodecameric complexes in vitro. Taken together, these results substantiate the hypothesis that sHSPs can play relevant roles in the acquisition of freezing tolerance.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Fagaceae', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Stems', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Temperature']
| 15,064,380
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.750.300'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.024.937'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Four novel cases of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by homozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene.
|
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) caused by homozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK) is rare and only eight homozygous GCK mutations have been reported so far. Heterozygous GCK mutations cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We report four patients with growth retardation from two separate families (with three siblings in one family and one patient in another family) presenting with persistent hyperglycaemia within the first two days of life. We found one homozygous non-sense mutation (Q98X) in GCK in three siblings from one family and a homozygous missense GCK mutation (G261R) in one patient from another family. Both mutations have been identified previously in GCK-MODY in the heterozygous state. However, this is the first study to report the homozygous forms of these mutations in PNDM. We report four novel cases of PNDM caused by homozygous GCK mutations, including a non-sense mutation in exon 3 (Q98X) and a missense mutation in exon 7 (G261R).
|
['Codon, Nonsense', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Glucokinase', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Male', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Pedigree', 'Siblings']
| 21,518,409
|
[['D13.444.735.544.355.250.235', 'G05.360.335.355.250.235', 'G05.365.590.195'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.250'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['E05.393.673'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Changing nursing practice through a nursing journal club.
|
As hospitals seek to promote evidence-based nursing practice and improve the quality of bedside nursing care, formation of a nursing journal club can be one strategy to accomplish both goals.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Quality of Health Care']
| 16,447,830
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lean Mass and Fat Mass as Mediators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women.
|
BACKGROUND: The relationship between physical activity (PA) and bone health is well known, but the role of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in this relationship remains uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of LM and FM on the relationship between PA and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 282 postmenopausal women aged between 50 and 65 year, who were randomly selected from Hongqi community of Harbin City in China. PA was measured using an International PA Questionnaire. Body composition, BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, and total body were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the mediating effect of LM and FM on the relationship between PA and BMD.RESULTS: In partial correlation analysis, PA, LM, and FM were positively related to BMD. Positive correlation was found between PA and LM. There were significant differences in BMD between different categories of PA, but the differences disappeared after adjusting for LM. Mediation analysis showed that LM and FM played a mediating role in the relationship between PA and BMD. LM appeared to mediate the effect of BMD in the spine, hip, and total body by 26.91%, 19.55% and 47.98%, respectively; and FM was 22.23%, 27.97%, and 33.02%, respectively.CONCLUSION: LM and FM affected the relationship between PA and BMD as mediator. Postmenopausal women with high LM and FM had more BMD.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bone Density', 'China', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Postmenopause', 'Thinness']
| 28,437,220
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G11.427.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['C23.888.144.828', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.828', 'G07.100.100.160.120.828']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Testing patients with non-specific symptoms for antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato does not provide useful clinical information about their aetiology.
|
The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato or who report a history of erythema migrans (EM) or tick bite are more likely to have non-specific symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sensory disorder, and headache. The study group comprised 423 subjects with non-specific symptoms tested for antibodies against B. burgdorferi sensu lato between July 2012 and December 2014 because of suspicion of Lyme borreliosis (LB). Of these, 285 were females (67%) and 138 were males (33%); the median age was 53 years (range, 7-89 years). Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LB and patients with a known underlying disease that could influence the development of the symptoms were excluded from the evaluation. Subjects were assigned to the seronegative group or to one of three seropositive groups, and the history of EM and tick bite was also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with single chi-square tests of independence and multiple logistic regression models. No differences in the occurrence of non-specific symptoms were observed between patients grouped according to antibody status. A history of EM showed no significant effect on any of the non-specific symptoms. A history of tick bite was weakly correlated with joint pain and joint swelling (p <0.05). In conclusion, it is highly unlikely that the complaints are related to a previous infection with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. The results show that testing patients with non-specific symptoms for antibodies against B. burgdorferi sensu lato in the everyday clinical setting does not provide any useful information about their aetiology.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', 'Child', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Erythema Chronicum Migrans', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Pain', 'Sensation Disorders', 'Tick Bites', 'Young Adult']
| 26,321,669
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193.150.125', 'B03.851.595.193.150.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C01.150.252.400.536.400', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250.400', 'C01.150.252.819.310', 'C01.800.720.310', 'C01.920.930.513.400', 'C17.800.229.200', 'C17.800.838.765.310'], ['C23.888.369'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651.538', 'C23.888.592.612.547', 'F02.830.816.353', 'G11.561.790.353'], ['C10.597.751', 'C23.888.592.763'], ['C25.723.127.789', 'C26.176.793'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Experiencing Body Worlds: voyeurism, education, or enlightenment?
|
Until the advent of plastinated cadavers, few outside the medical professions have had firsthand experience with human corpses. Such opportunities are now available at the Body Worlds exhibits of Gunther von Hagens. After an overview of these exhibits, we explore visitor responses as revealed in comment books available upon exiting the exhibit. Cultural, philosophical, and religious issues raised in the comments serve as a microcosm of society at large. The conclusion considers the challenge of such exhibits in introducing the public to science education, notes the image of the body as machine-so prevalent in the West-reflected in visitor comments, and finds hope that the exhibits promote, for many visitors, a sense of community among all humankind.
|
['Anatomy, Artistic', 'Humans', 'Medical Illustration', 'United States', 'Voyeurism']
| 17,876,528
|
[['H01.158.100.091', 'K01.093.410.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.385', 'J01.897.280.500.480', 'K01.093.410', 'L01.178.820.090.480'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['F03.657.900']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on alpha-tocopherol content in liver and adipose tissue of rats.
|
Female rats were fed an antioxidant supplemented diet containing butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 0.5% and 1.0%) with or without vitamin E acetate (0.4%) for 4 weeks, after which the contents of BHT and alpha-tocopherol in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue were analysed. The body weight gain was similar in all groups independent of the diet after the first week of treatment. At the end of the experiment the liver weights of the BHT-supplemented rats were increased compared to the liver weights of the control groups, and this difference was unaffected by vitamin E treatment. The liver concentration of alpha-tocopherol was decreased and inversely proportional to the BHT concentration in the diet. This attenuating effect of BHT on the hepatic alpha-tocopherol concentration was present both in animals with and without vitamin E supplementation. In contrast, BHT treatment did not alter the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in abdominal adipose tissue. The results show that BHT has adverse effects in the liver. BHT is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver and may be converted to prooxidative compounds during this process. Adipose tissue lacks the cytochrome P450 system. Therefore, the decreased hepatic concentration of alpha-tocopherol may be a consequence of a BHT-induced, free oxygen radical mediated, depletion of this antioxidant.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Butylated Hydroxytoluene', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Female', 'Frozen Sections', 'Liver', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Vitamin E']
| 8,914,617
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.239.216'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.530.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.530.160.260', 'E05.200.500.620.530.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.530.160.260'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Oropouche virus is detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients.
|
Oropouche virus (OROV) is a frequent cause of arboviral febrile disease in the Amazon. The present report describes studies done in two patients, one of them; the first OROV human case acquired outside of the Amazon, which have revealed for the first time the presence of OROV in peripheral blood leukocytes. This novel finding raises important issues regarding pathogenesis of human infections and may offer a new tool, for the rapid diagnosis of this neglected infection. J. Med. Virol. 89:1108-1111, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Bunyaviridae Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthobunyavirus']
| 27,787,907
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.925.782.147'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B04.820.480.750.640']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Peritoneal dialysis in Hungary.
|
In 1991 the technical conditions and the number of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis were surveyed in the Hungarian nephrology and dialysing units. Not only the number of patients with chronic uraemia (undergoing dialysis + transplantation) is lower in this country as compared to the European average (106 and 236 per one million people, respectively), but also their distribution according to the type of treatment is different. For several years patients under intermittent peritoneal dialysis make up more than 10% of the cases and those under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis less than 2% (in Europe: < 2% and 4-43%, respectively). The survey also included the types of solution, disinfection and connecting devices used in peritoneal dialysis, as well as the incidence of peritonitis and the administration of antibiotics. The principles of biocompatibility, the function of interleukin, as well as the effectiveness and the conditions of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are summarized.
|
['Data Collection', 'Dialysis Solutions', 'Disinfectants', 'Humans', 'Hungary', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory', 'Uremia']
| 1,459,835
|
[['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['D26.776.708.322', 'D27.505.954.578.483', 'D27.720.752.483'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.495'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500'], ['C12.777.419.936', 'C13.351.968.419.936']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Effects of roncoleukin on immune parameters and mixed anxiety/depression state induced by chronic social defeat stress in male mice].
|
UNLABELLED: Chronic social defeat stress leads to the development of mixed anxiety-depression state, which accompanied by immune deficiency in male mice. Paper aimed to study effects of ronkoleukin on the parameters of cellular immunity in the thymus and spleen and psychoemotional state in these animals.METHODS: Mixed anxiety/depression state was produced by chronic social defeat stress during 20 days in male mice. Roncoleukin (5000 ME/kg, i/p) and saline were chronically injected to depressive mice during 2 weeks without agonistic interactions. After this period subpopulations of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen were studied in male mice. The animals were also studied in behavioral tests estimating the levels of communicativeness, anxiety and depressiveness.RESULTS: Roncoleukin decreases the number of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen, and increased the number of lymphocytes in blood and thymus index. Medication increased per cent of CD4+8+ lymphocytes in the thymus and per cent of CD8+ and CD3+25- lymphocytes in the spleen. Roncoleukin induced anxiogenic, stimulative and antidepressive effects.CONCLUSION: Roncoleukin has small efficacy for treatment of immune suppression induced by chronic social defeat stress and has anxiogenic, stimulating and weak antidepressive effects.
|
['Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Anxiety', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Depression', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Immunocompromised Host', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Spleen', 'Stress, Psychological', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Thymus Gland']
| 25,470,897
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['G12.470'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Organochlorine and heavy metal residues in black duck eggs from the Atlantic Flyway, 1978.
|
Black duck (Anas rubripes) eggs were collected during 1978 in the Atlantic Flyway. One egg from each of 49 clutches was analyzed for organochlorine compounds and mercury. DDE was detected in 39 eggs, ranging from 0.09 ppm to 3.4 ppm, wet weight. DDE residues were highest in eggs from Delaware, where the mean DDE level was 2.0 ppm. DDT and TDE were present at low levels in only five and four eggs, respectively. PCBs resembling Aroclor 1260 were detected in 24 eggs and ranged from 0.43 ppm to 2.9 ppm. Eggs from Massachusetts and Rhode Island contained an average of greater than 1.0 ppm PCBs, but eggs from Nova Scotia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia contained no detectable PCBs. Dieldrin, oxychlordane, and heptachlor epoxide were present in a few samples at low levels. Mercury was detected in 31 eggs, ranging from 0.07 ppm to 0.34 ppm, wet weight. Twenty eggs analyzed for chromium, copper, and arsenic contained averages of 0.64 ppm, 1.7 ppm, and 0.18 ppm, respectively. No geographic pattern was observed in these metal residue levels. Eggshell thickness (0.347 mm) was identical to the pre-1946 norm.
|
['Animals', 'Arsenic', 'Chromium', 'Copper', 'Ducks', 'Egg Shell', 'Eggs', 'Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated', 'Insecticides', 'Mercury', 'Metals', 'Time Factors', 'United States']
| 7,232,104
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.513.249'], ['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['A13.316'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['D02.455.526.439'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['D01.552'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Metabolic features of continuous cell lines of mosquitoes].
|
The metabolism of a continuous Ae. albopictus cell line (clone C6/36) was studied relative to the consumption of an environmental component by mammalian cells of the continuous lines Vero(B) and BNK-21 under steady-state cultivation conditions. The Ae. albopictus cells were found to utilize the amino acid glycine and on glycolysis they elaborated not more than (10...20)% of acid products (lactic acid) neutralized by sodium biocarbonate, suggesting that there were also other ways of using glucose. These features lead to the conclusion that the mosquito cells form an extracellular matrix. The findings were used to certify the culture of cells, to substantiate the composition of a cultivation medium, and to optimize the latter.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Glycine', 'Glycolysis', 'Lactic Acid']
| 19,566,064
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.125.481'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['D02.241.511.459.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intramuscular innervation of the human soleus muscle: a 3D model.
|
The purpose of this study was to document the neural distribution patterns within the human soleus muscle using 3D computer modelling. Through serial dissection, pinning, and digitization, nerve distribution and muscle volume of a human cadaveric soleus muscle were documented and a detailed 3D computer model of neural distribution within the muscle volume was generated. Branching patterns demonstrated divisions that parallel architectural partitions within the soleus; that is, into anterior, posterior, and marginal soleus. Additionally, branching patterns demonstrated further partitioning of the posterior soleus into five distinct regions and the anterior soleus into two regions. Communication between nerve branches of the five regions of posterior soleus and between the anterior and posterior soleus were recorded. Knowledge of these anatomical partitions and their interaction is important as it will aid in the development of functional muscle models and in the understanding of normal and pathological muscle function.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Tibial Nerve']
| 12,903,058
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Healing current through a goiter. The life, work and after effects of the magic healer Bruno Gr?ning].
|
During the years between 1949 and 1959 the wonder healer Bruno Gr?ning (1906-1959) gripped the public and medical interest in Germany. He explained to be a descent of Jesus Christ, sending "healing waves" to end diseases and made a lot of money. Finally he was found guilty in letting a persuaded fan dying and was convicted. But before the end of the process he died of carcinoma, which had been operated in a regular clinic. Despite this obvious problem that Gr?ning demanded from his admirers refusing medical help but preferred it for his own health today his successors are still promoting his legacy.
|
['Famous Persons', 'Germany', 'Goiter', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Healing', 'National Socialism', 'Quackery', 'Religion and Medicine']
| 18,693,642
|
[['K01.517.211.506', 'M01.228'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['C19.874.283'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.525.500', 'E02.190.901.500'], ['I01.696.586'], ['I01.880.735.728'], ['K01.844.619']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Aureobasidins as new inhibitors of P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant tumor cells.
|
Cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic aureobasidin A (AbA) and its analogs were tested for the inhibitory activity of P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant cancer cells as well as for the antifungal activity. Some analogs with lower antifungal activity than AbA showed higher inhibition of P-glycoproteins indicating difference of the structure-activity relationships between the two activities. Among AbA analogs tested, [D-beta-hydroxy-methylvalyl9]-AbA newly prepared by chemical synthesis, which had much lower antifungal activity than AbA, showed 10-fold higher inhibitory activity of P-glycoprotein than AbA.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Depsipeptides', 'Humans', 'Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Vincristine']
| 9,589,072
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D04.345.566.297', 'D12.644.641.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preparation of in vivo cow control blood samples for cadmium analysis.
|
Quality control is essential for any analysis in the laboratory. The objective of this study was to prepare in vivo cow control blood samples. The experiment was performed by feeding cows with a single dose of cadmium in the form of cadmium chloride, withdrawing the blood at an appropriate time to get the highest level of cadmium and detecting the level of cadmium in the blood. It was found that feeding the cow a single dose of 0.06 mg cadmium per kg body weight resulted in the highest cadmium level of 3.622 microg/l 30-60 minutes after feeding. The samples were homogeneous because feeding the cows with single dose of cadmium let the cadmium be absorbed and distributed naturally. In addition, the samples were stable during transport. Therefore, they may be used as quality control samples to detect cadmium levels without using a lyophilized process. They could be used for proficiency testing and to evaluate whole blood analysis in the laboratory.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cadmium Chloride', 'Cattle', 'Male', 'Quality Control']
| 17,120,977
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.142.175', 'D01.210.450.150.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['J01.897.608']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies on primaquine diphosphate liposomes.
|
In this study, several Primaquine diphosphate (PQ) liposomal formulations containing phospholipid, charge inducer and with or without cholesterol in molar ratios of 7:1:(2) and 10:1:(4) were investigated. Gel state (DPPC:CHEMS:CHOL and PL-100H:CHEMS:CHOL) and liquid-crystalline state (PL-100:CHEMS:CHOL and PL-90G:CHEMS:CHOL) liposomes were prepared. The film method followed by sonication and extrusion through polycarbonate membrane was used. Particle size distribution, percentage of entrapped active substance, content of phospholipid and bilayer type and composition were determined. Lamellarity was determined by 31P-NMR technique. In vitro release of PQ was investigated at 37 degrees C, 35 rpm and in Tris (pH: 7.4) buffer. In vitro release and its fit to kinetic models were investigated. Liposomes were labelled by 99mTc and injected intravenously to Swiss Albino mice.
|
['Animals', 'Antimalarials', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Compounding', 'Isotope Labeling', 'Kinetics', 'Liposomes', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mice', 'Particle Size', 'Primaquine', 'Quality Control', 'Technetium', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 8,544,091
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E05.522'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.712'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.650'], ['J01.897.608'], ['D01.268.271.870', 'D01.268.556.843', 'D01.268.956.875', 'D01.496.749.305.870', 'D01.552.544.843'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does maintaining or changing shift types affect BMI? A longitudinal study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of maintaining or changing shift work status on body mass index (BMI) among female nurses and midwives.METHODS: A longitudinal study. Measurements included day work maintainers, shift work maintainers, day to shift changers and shift to day changers, changes in BMI, and potential confounders selected from baseline survey. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was employed.RESULTS: The shift to day changers had decreased in BMI over the follow-up period (mean, -3.02; SD, 5.45; P < 0.001). In contrast, the shift work maintainers and the day to shift changers had increased in BMI over follow-up period (mean, 0.56; SD, 5.47; P = 0.01 and mean, 0.13; SD, 5.64; P = 0.04, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: The analysis suggests that shift work could increase BMI.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Body Mass Index', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Middle Aged', 'Midwifery', 'Motor Activity', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Nursing', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Smoking', 'Work Schedule Tolerance', 'Young Adult']
| 22,576,459
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['H02.478', 'N04.452.758.377'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I03.946.225.375', 'N04.452.677.650.375'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Research in psychoanalytic therapy 1930-1990].
|
The author provides a survey of three phases of psychoanalytic therapy research, each one is being characterized by its most important representatives and their contributions. The first phase (1930-1970) sought in essence to justify, i.e. to prove, that analytical therapies are useful. The second phase (1960-1980) was dedicated to a deeper understanding of the relationship between the course of therapy and its results. The third phase, finally, can be identified as a thorough and detailed inquiry into the analytical process.
|
['History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Psychoanalysis', 'Psychoanalytic Theory', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Research', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 1,581,701
|
[['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.096.544.779'], ['F02.739.794'], ['F04.754.709'], ['H01.770.644'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of mannans of two relatively avirulent mutant strains of Candida albicans.
|
We previously reported the isolation of two cerulenin-resistant mutant strains of Candida albicans 4918 that differ in adherence properties and are less virulent than the parental strain. In addition, biochemical characterization demonstrated significant differences in both protein and polysaccharide composition of cell wall material between the mutant and wild-type strains. These observations prompted studies concerning the chemical structure of mannans in these strains. After extraction and subsequent purification by ion-exchange chromatography, mannan fractions were subjected to either mild acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, or acetylation followed by acetolysis. Acid- and alkali-modified mannans were studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and released products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography on an Aminex HPX-42A column. The results demonstrated quantitative and qualitative differences between mannooligosaccharides of the wild-type and mutant strains in the identity of released oligosaccharides as well as in linkage of the oligosaccharides to the protein backbone.
|
['Acetylation', 'Candida albicans', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mannans', 'Mannose', 'Mutation', 'Virulence']
| 2,643,567
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D09.698.550'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurobehavioral functioning of persons with Parkinson's disease.
|
This study examines the neurobehavioral functioning of persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) using the Neuropsychology Behavior and Affect Profile (NBAP), a self-report version of the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NRS-Revised), and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX). In the absence of existing data, the psychometric properties of these measures were assessed prior to examining neurobehavioral functioning. Self- and observer report versions of the NBAP, NRS-Revised, and DEX were administered to a group of 30 persons with PD and 30 matched controls. Reliability analyses revealed that, although the total scores from these measures provided internally reliable assessments of neurobehavioral functioning, the sub-scale scores of the NBAP demonstrated lower reliability. In addition, the 3 measures of neurobehavioral functioning showed moderate to high correlations with one another and with measures of disease severity. When the PD and control groups were compared on measures of current neurobehavioral functioning, the PD group was found to exhibit problems on the NRS-Revised. Since the onset of their disease, the PD group showed increasing levels of depression, inappropriate behavior, and a reduced ability to follow the subtleties of communication as measured by the NBAP. There was good agreement between self- and observer-reports of neurobehavioral functioning, suggesting that problems with insight did not affect patients' reports of symptomatology. Overall, the findings indicate the emergence of a number of neurobehavioral problems in the early stages of PD that are likely to adversely affect the social interactions of persons with PD. When combined with the motor and cognitive effects of PD, these problems may lead to social isolation.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Personality', 'Psychometrics', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Social Behavior', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 12,788,680
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['F01.752'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.813'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Phocine distemper in a harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
|
The first case of phocine distemper in a seal from Canadian waters and the first case of clinical phocine distemper in a harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, is reported. A two-month-old female harp seal stranded on Prince Edward Island in May 1991. Significant clinical findings were lethargy and severe conjunctivitis. Pulmonary congestion was the main necropsy finding, and histological lesions included diffuse demyelinating nonsuppurative encephalitis and mild multifocal interstitial pneumonia. Acidophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions were present in cerebral neurons and astrocytes. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed phocine distemper virus (PDV) antigen in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons, bronchiolar gland epithelium and transitional epithelium of the bladder. Infectivity titers of canine distemper virus (CDV) (Onderstpoort strain) and a morbillivirus isolated from a grey seal were significantly reduced by serum from the harp seal.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Inclusion Bodies, Viral', 'Lung', 'Neurons', 'Paramyxoviridae', 'Prince Edward Island', 'Respirovirus Infections', 'Seals, Earless', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 8,445,769
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A11.284.420.390', 'G06.920.400'], ['A04.411'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B04.820.480.937.600'], ['Z01.107.567.176.732', 'Z01.639.820'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.700'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Baculovirus-mediated immediate-early gene expression and nuclear reorganization in human cells.
|
Baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), has the ability to transduce mammalian cell lines without replication. The general objective of this study was to detect the transcription and expression of viral immediate-early genes in human cells and to examine the interactions between viral components and subnuclear structures. Viral capsids were seen in large, discrete foci in nuclei of both dividing and non-dividing human cells. Concurrently, the transcription of viral immediate-early transregulator genes (ie-1, ie-2) and translation of IE-2 protein were detected. Quantitative microscopy imaging and analysis showed that virus transduction altered the size of promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies, which are suggested to be involved in replication and transcription of various viruses. Furthermore, altered distribution of the chromatin marker Draq5 and histone core protein (H2B) in transduced cells indicated that the virus was able to induce remodelling of the host cell chromatin. To conclude, this study shows that the non-replicative insect virus, baculovirus and its proteins can induce multiple changes in the cellular machinery of human cells.
|
['Animals', 'Anthraquinones', 'Capsid', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Immediate-Early', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Nucleopolyhedroviruses', 'Viral Proteins']
| 18,042,259
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159', 'D02.806.100', 'D04.615.117.159'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.400.095', 'G05.213.095', 'G05.308.095'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.345', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.345', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.345'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['B04.280.065.500', 'B04.525.100.500'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuroprotective Effect of Lutein on NMDA-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury in Rat Retina.
|
Lutein injection is a possible therapeutic approach for retinal diseases, but the molecular mechanism of its neuroprotective effect remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate its protective effects in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal damage in vivo. Retinal damage was induced by intravitreal NMDA injection in rats. Each animal was given five daily intraperitoneal injections of Lutein or vehicle along with intravitreal NMDA injections. Electroretinograms were recorded. The number of viable RGCs was quantified using the retinal whole-mount method by immunofluorescence. Proteins were measured by Western blot assays. Lutein reduced the retinal damage and improved the response to light, as shown by an animal behavior assay (the black-and-white box method) in rats. Furthermore, Lutein treatment prevented the NMDA-induced reduction in phNR wave amplitude. Lutein increased RGC number after NMDA-induced retina damage. Most importantly, Bax, cytochrome c, p-p38 MAPK, and p-c-Jun were all upregulated in rats injected with NMDA, but these expression patterns were reversed by continuous Lutein uptake. Bcl-2, p-GSK-3â, and p-Akt in the Lutein-treated eyes were increased compared with the NMDA group. Lutein has neuroprotective effects against retinal damage, its protective effects may be partly mediated by its anti-excitability neurotoxicity, through MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling, suggesting a potential approach for suppressing retinal neural damage.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Blotting, Western', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Count', 'Cytochromes c', 'Electroretinography', 'Female', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Lutein', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 26,119,305
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['F01.145.113'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['D05.500.117.875.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625.500', 'D12.644.360.300.500.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875.500', 'D12.776.476.300.500.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.868.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.887.500', 'D02.455.849.131.868.500', 'D23.767.261.887.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['E05.723.729'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Renal response to atrial natriuretic factor in conscious dogs with caval constriction.
|
Constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava to decrease venous return and atrial filling markedly elevates plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and produces chronic sodium retention and ascites in the dog. Infusion of a synthetic atrial natriuretic factor into conscious dogs with caval constriction and ascites at doses of 175 and 350 ng X kg-1 X min-1 for 30 min each produced striking increases (P less than 0.05) in creatinine clearance, diuresis, and kaliuresis but failed to increase urinary sodium excretion. Infusions of atrial natriuretic factor at these doses into conscious normal dogs, however, produced a striking increase in sodium excretion from 41 +/- 14 and 55 +/- 19 mu eq/min to 150 +/- 58 and 181 +/- 49 mu eq/min (P less than 0.05 for both values). Creatinine clearance and urine flow also increased in these normal dogs, but potassium excretion remained unchanged during the infusion periods. Atrial natriuretic factor produced parallel suppression (P less than 0.05) of the elevated levels of PRA and PAC in the caval dogs but failed to significantly decrease either PRA or PAC in the normal animals. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and PAH clearance were unchanged in both groups of dogs during infusion of atrial natriuretic factor. These results suggest that the pattern of renal electrolyte excretion elicited in response to the acute infusion of atrial natriuretic factor is dependent, at least partially, on the preexisting status of the renal tubules to facilitate sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. The results also are consistent with the concept that atrial natriuretic factor might function to tonically inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
|
['Aldosterone', 'Animals', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Consciousness', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Creatine', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Kidney', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Potassium', 'Renin', 'Sodium', 'Vena Cava, Inferior', 'p-Aminohippuric Acid']
| 3,157,329
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.238'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['C23.300.287'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['A07.015.908.949.648'], ['D02.065.277.431.192.100', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.650', 'D02.241.223.100.100.100.100', 'D02.241.755.360.192.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.067.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European.
|
BACKGROUND: The origin and prevalence of the prehispanic settlers of the Canary Islands has attracted great multidisciplinary interest. However, direct ancient DNA genetic studies on indigenous and historical 17th-18th century remains, using mitochondrial DNA as a female marker, have only recently been possible. In the present work, the analysis of Y-chromosome polymorphisms in the same samples, has shed light on the way the European colonization affected male and female Canary Island indigenous genetic pools, from the conquest to present-day times.RESULTS: Autochthonous (E-M81) and prominent (E-M78 and J-M267) Berber Y-chromosome lineages were detected in the indigenous remains, confirming a North West African origin for their ancestors which confirms previous mitochondrial DNA results. However, in contrast with their female lineages, which have survived in the present-day population since the conquest with only a moderate decline, the male indigenous lineages have dropped constantly being substituted by European lineages. Male and female sub-Saharan African genetic inputs were also detected in the Canary population, but their frequencies were higher during the 17th-18th centuries than today.CONCLUSION: The European colonization of the Canary Islands introduced a strong sex-biased change in the indigenous population in such a way that indigenous female lineages survived in the extant population in a significantly higher proportion than their male counterparts.
|
['African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Chromosomes, Human, Y', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'Gene Pool', 'Genetics, Population', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Spain']
| 19,650,893
|
[['M01.686.508.100'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.757', 'A11.284.187.865.983.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.757', 'G05.360.162.865.983.500'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.342'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
A decision analysis of mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing in pregnant women.
|
BACKGROUND: The benefit of antiretroviral therapy in reducing maternal-fetal transmission of HIV during pregnancy has caused a public policy debate about the relative benefits of mandatory HIV screening and voluntary HIV screening in pregnant women.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits and risks of mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing of pregnant women to help guide research and policy.DESIGN: A decision analysis that incorporated the following variables: acceptance and benefit of prenatal care, acceptance and benefit of zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected women, prevalence of HIV infection, and mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing.MEASUREMENTS: The threshold deterrence rate (defined as the percentage of women who, if deterred from seeking prenatal care because of a mandatory HIV testing policy, would offset the benefit of zidovudine in reducing vertical HIV transmission) and the difference between a policy of mandatory testing and a policy of voluntary testing in the absolute number of HIV-infected infants or dead infants.RESULTS: Voluntary HIV testing was preferred over a broad range of values in the model. At baseline, the threshold deterrence rate was 0.4%. At a deterrence rate of 0.5%, the number of infants (n = 167) spared HIV infection annually in the United States under a mandatory HIV testing policy would be lower than the number of perinatal deaths (n = 189) caused by lack of prenatal care.CONCLUSIONS: The most important variables in the model were voluntary HIV testing, the deterrence rate associated with mandatory testing compared with voluntary testing, and the prevalence of HIV infection in women of child-bearing age. At high levels of acceptance of voluntary HIV testing, the benefits of a policy of mandatory testing are minimal and may create the potential harms of avoiding prenatal care to avoid mandatory testing.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'Decision Trees', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Mandatory Testing', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Pregnant Women', 'Prenatal Care', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'United States', 'Voluntary Programs', 'Zidovudine']
| 9,556,471
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['G17.162.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['I01.880.604.622.500', 'N03.706.657.500', 'N06.850.780.200.550', 'N06.850.780.500.412'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['M01.975.807'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N04.452.977'], ['D03.383.742.680.705.950', 'D13.570.230.500.950', 'D13.570.230.855.950', 'D13.570.685.705.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nested allosteric interaction in tarantula hemocyanin revealed through the binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide.
|
We have examined the competitive binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide to the multisubunit hemocyanin of the tarantula Eurypelma californicum. Employment of high-precision thin-layer methods has enabled detailed characterization of the pure oxygen and pure carbon monoxide binding curves, as well as binding curves performed under mixed-gas conditions. The pure oxygen binding curve and the displacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide at full ligand saturation are highly cooperative, but in the absence of oxygen, carbon monoxide binds noncooperatively. The results were analyzed globally within the framework of a nested allosteric model [Robert, C.H., Decker, H., Richey, B., Gill, S.J., & Wyman, J. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 1891-1895] which takes into account the hierarchy of subunit structure present in the macromolecule. The use of two ligands enables one to recognize two distinct levels of allosteric interaction functioning in the protein assembly. The binding characteristics of the allosteric states demonstrated for Eurypelma follow a similar pattern as those found earlier for Homarus americanus.
|
['Allosteric Site', 'Animals', 'Arthropods', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Hemocyanins', 'Models, Chemical', 'Oxygen']
| 3,196,690
|
[['G02.111.570.120.147'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['D12.776.093.375', 'D12.776.556.462', 'D23.767.482'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison between human and automated electrocardiographic waveform measurements for calculating the Anderson-Wilkins acuteness score in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
|
The Anderson-Wilkins (AW) electrocardiographic (ECG) acuteness score complements time from pain onset in prognostic stratification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, for the AW acuteness score to be of practical use in the acute situation, it must be an integral component of a commercial automated ECG analysis program. The objective of this study was to determine the concordance between human and computer measurements and calculation of the AW acuteness score. The mean difference in AW acuteness score was 0.11 +/- 0.66 for anterior and -0.07 +/- 1.24 for inferior AMI. Ninety-nine percent of the differences were found to be 1.0 or less for the anterior AMI group, and 91.7% were 1.0 or less in the inferior AMI group. The differences were primarily caused by minor disagreements in measurements. In conclusion, the AW acuteness score established using manual ECG waveform measurements can be implemented into commercial automated ECG analysis programs to achieve practical use in clinical decision support for patients with AMI.
|
['Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 15,892,017
|
[['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New ways for the standardization of autoantibody assays: chimeric monoclonal antibodies.
|
Recombinant production of human autoantigens and new assay methodologies have created new opportunities for the detection of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease situations. However, the standardization of test results remains unsatisfactory which can be traced to supply and batch variation problems of the patient sera used as standard materials. Human monoclonal autoantibodies can be used as novel standards, but are difficult to generate and produce routinely. We present a strategy based on atransgenic mouse strain producing chimeric human IgG1 antibodies after immunization. Together with traditional mouse hybridoma technology this approach allows creation of large panels of chimeric monoclonal autoantibodies for standardization purposes.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Autoantibodies', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Reference Standards']
| 11,712,698
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.978.808']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lung and dermal vascular injury produced by preformed immune complexes.
|
Tissue injury was studied in rat lung and in the dermal vasculature after the injection of preformed, heterologous immune complexes. In lung, these complexes induced an acute, hemorrhagic alveolitis with large numbers of neutrophils. There were marked increases in permeability and extensive intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Similar changes of lesser magnitude developed at sites of dermal injection of immune complexes. The lung and skin reactions were complement- and neutrophil-dependent. The tissue damage in lung, as measured by permeability changes and development of hemorrhage, appeared to intensify during the first 24 hours and then began to wane. By the second and third day after the acute insult, permeability changes and hemorrhage had returned toward control values. Inflammatory, tissue-damaging reactions did not develop in lung or dermis if heat-aggregated bovine serum albumin was injected in place of immune complexes. This model permits the direct study of lung and vascular injury induced by preformed immune complexes.
|
['Animals', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Lung', 'Lymphocyte Depletion', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Rats', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Skin', 'Time Factors']
| 629,488
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['A04.411'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.521', 'E05.478.610.570'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Independent predictors of survival in patients with incurable malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a multicenter prospective observational study.
|
OBJECTIVE: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is one of the late complications of a variety of malignancies. Palliation of symptoms of obstruction rather than cure is the primary aim of treatment in affected patients. Thus far prognostic information on life expectancy is lacking in these patients although it can be of importance when deciding upon their optimal treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether baseline data in patients with incurable GOO can independently predict survival.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 105 consecutive patients with symptomatic GOO treated with duodenal stent placement were enrolled in this multicenter prospective observational study. Patients were followed until death or till 1 November 2008. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for both univariate and multivariate analyses of survival.RESULTS: Baseline data of 101 patients were completed. At the time of analysis, 95% of patients had died; median overall survival was 82 days (75% alive at 36 days, 25% alive at 156 days). The final prediction model revealed the dichotomized WHO performance status (HR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.68-4.12, p < 0.001), prescription of morphines stronger than tramadol (HR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.38-4.25, p = 0.002) and pain score of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, p = 0.035) as independent significant prognostic factors for short survival.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates clear predictors of poor outcome for patients presenting with symptomatic malignant GOO. The model may enhance the selection of optimal treatment for individual patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Female', 'Gastric Outlet Obstruction', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasms', 'Netherlands', 'Pain Measurement', 'Palliative Care', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,459,356
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C06.405.748.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A facile synthesis of pyridazinone derivatives under ultrasonic irradiation.
|
A new, efficient and general method for preparation of N-substituted-pyridazinones using ultrasound irradiation is reported. Under ultrasound the reaction time decreases substantially, the yields are high and the reaction conditions are mild. It was noticed that substituents at the 3-(6)-position of pyridazone heterocycle have a substantial influence on the reactivity, while the effect of the substituents at the 1-(2)-position seems to be of minor importance. A comparative study of the reactions performed under ultrasound conditions versus at room temperature has been done.
|
['Molecular Structure', 'Pyridazines', 'Temperature', 'Ultrasonics']
| 19,121,972
|
[['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.710'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro insertion and assembly of outer membrane protein PhoE of Escherichia coli K-12 into the outer membrane. Role of Triton X-100.
|
The assembly of the in vitro synthesized outer membrane protein PhoE into purified outer membranes was investigated. The assembly appeared to be strongly stimulated by the presence of low amounts of Triton X-100 (optimal 0.08%, w/v). The role of Triton X-100 in the in vitro system was further examined. Pretreating outer membranes with Triton X-100 did not make the membranes competent for correct assembly, indicating that the detergent did not act on the membrane but at the protein level. PhoE became assembly-incompetent with a half-life of approximately 12 min and 90 s at 37 degrees C in the absence and presence, respectively, of 0.08% Triton X-100. Apparently, Triton X-100 induces an assembly-competent state in the PhoE protein with a very short half-life. Furthermore, the efficiency of correct assembly of PhoE was greatly reduced when outer membranes of deep rough lipopolysaccharide mutants were used, indicating an important role of lipopolysaccharides in the assembly of the porin.
|
['Cell Membrane', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mutation', 'Octoxynol', 'Porins']
| 8,662,743
|
[['A11.284.149'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.660', 'D05.750.741.610', 'D25.720.741.610', 'J01.637.051.720.741.610'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interferon-gamma enhances susceptibility of cervical cancer cells to lysis by tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells.
|
Recently we have demonstrated that tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated by cervical carcinoma cells expressing the costimulatory molecule CD80, which may be used as a therapeutic vaccine for patients with cervical cancer. For activated CTLs to be effective, appropriate amounts of MHC class I expression are required on target tumor cells. In this study, we found that some cervical carcinoma cells expressed only low levels of MHC class I and adhesion molecules such as CD54. We further demonstrated that tumor cells (CaSki and SiHa) expressing low levels of MHC class I were more resistant to lysis by specific CTLs than tumor cells (HeLa) expressing high levels of MHC class I. Treatment of CaSki or SiHa cells with interferon-gamma resulted in an increased expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, and CD54. Expression of CD58 and CD80 was not up-regulated or induced. Treatment of the tumor cells with interferon-gamma significantly enhanced the lysis of the tumor cells by specific CTLs which had been activated by the respective CD80-expressing tumor cells. The enhancement of cytolysis could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies to MHC class I and CD54, but not by that to MHC class II. Furthermore, we found that interferon-gamma induced apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells but not in tumor-specific CTLs.
|
['B7-1 Antigen', 'CD58 Antigens', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Major Histocompatibility Complex', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Up-Regulation', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 9,159,336
|
[['D12.776.467.150.100', 'D12.776.543.095.100', 'D23.050.301.285.100', 'D23.529.168.100'], ['D12.776.395.550.034', 'D12.776.543.550.158'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.610', 'G05.360.340.024.380.500', 'G12.500.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human plasma dynamically quenches the fluorescein at the initial point of oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay.
|
OBJECTIVE: Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay measures the quenching of fluorescent probe by peroxyl radicals. Antioxidants present in biological systems block the quenching of fluorescence probe. We experienced the dynamic quenching of fluorescein, the fluorescence probe used in ORAC assay by the human plasma while plasma ORAC assay was optimized. Therefore, for the first time, we report the quenching of fluorescein by human plasma at the initial point of ORAC assay.RESULTS: Aqueous whole and non-protein fractions of plasma were used in the analysis. Since the both fractions showed a similar pattern of quenching at the initial stage, quenched percentage of fluorescein was calculated and added to each sample in subsequent analysis. Addition of extra 20% fluorescein allowed plasma samples to quench the required amount of fluorescein and follow the normal decay curves afterwards. Further, change of fluorescein quenching (ÄF/F0) disclosed a dose dependent linear relationship with plasma (R2 = 0.8). It can be speculated that dynamic quenching exhibited by human plasma biomolecule/s at the initial stage would be of non-protein aqueous phase molecule/s. We suggest initiating further studies to detect, identify and quantify the fluorescein quenching biomolecules present in human plasma for further improvements in plasma ORAC assay.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Fluorescein', 'Fluorescence', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity', 'Peroxides', 'Plasma']
| 31,843,018
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.390', 'D03.633.300.953.275.390', 'D04.711.347.390'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.657'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural and functional diversity of novel coronin 1C (CRN2) isoforms in muscle.
|
Coronin 1C (synonyms: coronin-3, CRN2), a WD40 repeat-containing protein involved in cellular actin dynamics, is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of two novel coronin 1C isoforms, referred to as CRN2i2 and CRN2i3, which also associate with F-actin. Analyses of the coronin 1C gene disclosed a single promoter containing binding sites for myogenic regulatory factors and an alternative first exon 1b present in intron 1, which give rise to the novel isoforms. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate MyoD binding to a region of the CRN2 gene, which contains a highly conserved E-box element in exon 1a. Gel-filtration assays suggest that the largest isoform 3 exists as a monomer, in contrast to isoform 1 and isoform 2 appearing as trimers. CRN2i3, which can be induced by MyoD, is exclusively expressed in well-differentiated myoblasts as well as in mature skeletal muscle tissue. In human skeletal muscle, CRN2i3 is a novel component of postsynaptic neuromuscular junctions and thin filaments of myofibrils. Together, our findings postulate a role for CRN2 isoforms in the structural and functional organization of F-actin in highly ordered protein complexes.
|
['Actins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation', 'Computational Biology', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myofibrils', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 19,651,142
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.170', 'E05.478.605.160'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A10.690.552.875', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.620', 'A11.620.249.850', 'A11.620.500.500'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.694'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Photographic capture-recapture sampling for assessing populations of the Indian gliding lizard Draco dussumieri.
|
The usage of invasive tagging methods to assess lizard populations has often been criticised, due to the potential negative effects of marking, which possibly cause increased mortality or altered behaviour. The development of safe, less invasive techniques is essential for improved ecological study and conservation of lizard populations. In this study, we describe a photographic capture-recapture (CR) technique for estimating Draco dussumieri (Agamidae) populations. We used photographs of the ventral surface of the patagium to identify individuals. To establish that the naturally occurring blotches remained constant through time, we compared capture and recapture photographs of 45 pen-marked individuals after a 30 day interval. No changes in blotches were observed and individual lizards could be identified with 100% accuracy. The population density of D. dussumieri in a two hectare areca-nut plantation was estimated using the CR technique with ten sampling occasions over a ten day period. The resulting recapture histories for 24 individuals were analysed using population models in the program CAPTURE. All models indicated that nearly all individuals were captured. The estimated probability for capturing D. dussumieri on at least one occasion was 0.92 and the estimated population density was 13±1.65 lizards/ha. Our results demonstrate the potential for applying CR to population studies in gliding lizards (Draco spp.) and other species with distinctive markings.
|
['Animals', 'Data Collection', 'India', 'Lizards', 'Photography', 'Population Density']
| 23,418,477
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.393'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Naphthalene-induced cataract model in rats: A comparative study between slit and retroillumination images, biochemical changes and naphthalene dose and duration.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare different methods of photographic evaluation of cataract formation in rats in response to different regimes of naphthalene treatment. Furthermore, we intended to study the relationship between cataract extension and biochemical parameters.METHODS: Brown Norway rats were treated with 0.10-1.5 g naphthalene/kg body weight, twice a week for ten weeks to induce cataract or placebo. Slit illumination and retroillumination (SI and RI) photographs were produced by an EAS-1000 instrument to document cataract formation as light-scattering intensity. The degree of the cataractous changes was quantified in SI photographs by the peak height and the integrated peak area, and in RI photographs by threshold setting. Finally, the lens concentration of Na(+) and K( +) and the protein composition were analyzed and correlated to the photographic analysis.RESULTS: The degree of the cataractous changes was most linearly related to dose and duration when the integrated peak area was estimated. However, protein fractions were non-linearly related to the cataractous changes estimated. Alterations in concentration of Na(+) and K(+) were small or insignificant, which indicate that naphthalene-induced cataract is not caused by osmotic changes. The lowest possible naphthalene dose to induce cataractous changes was between 0.10 and 0.50 g/kg twice a week for ten weeks.CONCLUSIONS: 0.50 and 1.0 g naphthalene/kg twice a week appeared to be optimal, because the rats in these groups were healthy and the cataractous changes were consistent between animals. Thus, the combination of the animal model with the cataract quantification system has the potential to be useful and reliable in studies of cataract-preventive compounds.
|
['Animals', 'Cataract', 'Cations', 'Crystallins', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Naphthalenes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Time Factors']
| 10,520,218
|
[['B01.050'], ['C11.510.245'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['D12.776.306.366'], ['E01.370.350'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.110', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.110'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multi-exposure and clustering of adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic differences and psychotropic medication in young adults.
|
PURPOSE: Stressful childhood experiences have negative long-term health consequences. The present study examines the association between adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic position, and risk of psychotropic medication in young adulthood.METHODS: This register-based cohort study comprises the birth cohorts between 1985 and 1988 in Sweden. We followed 362 663 individuals for use of psychotropic medication from January 2006 until December 2008. Adverse childhood experiences were severe criminality among parents, parental alcohol or drug abuse, social assistance recipiency, parental separation or single household, child welfare intervention before the age of 12, mentally ill or suicidal parents, familial death, and number of changes in place of residency. Estimates of risk of psychotropic medication were calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Adverse childhood experiences were associated with increased risks of psychotropic medication. The OR for more than three adverse childhood experiences and risk of psychotropic medication was for women 2.4 (95% CI 2.3-2.5) and for men 3.1 (95% CI 2.9-3.2). The risk of psychotropic medication increased with a higher rate of adverse childhood experiences, a relationship similar in all socioeconomic groups.CONCLUSIONS: Accumulation of adverse childhood experiences increases the risk of psychotropic medication in young adults. Parental educational level is of less importance when adjusting for adverse childhood experiences. The higher risk for future mental health problems among children from lower socioeconomic groups, compared to peers from more advantaged backgrounds, seems to be linked to a higher rate of exposure to adverse childhood experiences.
|
['Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Sweden', 'Young Adult']
| 23,341,951
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Titanium Mesh Nasal Repair without Nasal Lining.
|
The objective of this study was to describe outcomes for patients who underwent titanium mesh reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects without internal lining repair. This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients with through-and-through nasal defects were identified at a single academic institution between 2008 and 2016. Nasal reconstruction was performed with either titanium mesh and external skin reconstruction without repair of the intranasal lining or traditional three-layer closure. Five patients underwent titanium mesh reconstruction and 11 underwent traditional three-layer repair. Median follow-up was 11 months (range, 2-66 months). The only significant difference between groups was older age in patients undergoing titanium reconstruction (mean, 81 vs. 63 years; difference of 18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4-32 years). Defect extent including overall size and structures removed was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Paramedian forehead flap was the most common external reconstruction in both groups (100% for titanium mesh and 73% for three-layer closure). Time under anesthesia was significantly shorter for titanium mesh reconstruction (median, 119 vs. 314 minutes; difference of 195; 95% CI, 45-237). Estimated blood loss and length of hospital stay were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Complication rates were substantial although not significantly different, 40 and 36% in titanium and three-layer reconstruction, respectively (p > 0.05). All patients with complications after titanium reconstruction had prior or postoperative radiotherapy. Titanium mesh reconstruction of through-and-through nasal defects can successfully be performed without reconstruction of the intranasal lining, significantly decreasing operative times. This reconstructive technique may not be suitable for patients who undergo radiotherapy.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Nose', 'Nose Deformities, Acquired', 'Nose Neoplasms', 'Operative Time', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiotherapy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rhinoplasty', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Titanium']
| 28,226,380
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['C08.460.619', 'C09.603.619'], ['C04.588.149.721.600', 'C04.588.443.665.650', 'C05.116.231.754.600', 'C08.460.669', 'C08.785.600', 'C09.603.669', 'C09.647.685'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.815'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.218.755', 'E04.580.392.500', 'E04.680.650'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E07.858.708'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A concept for all the family. Family centred care: a concept analysis.
|
Family centred care is now perceived as fundamental to meeting hospitalised children's physical and emotional needs. It is important, however, that nurses fully understand the concept or it may be implemented more with the intention of meeting ward goals than family needs.
|
['Family', 'Humans', 'Models, Nursing', 'Nursing Theory', 'Patient Participation', 'Pediatric Nursing']
| 8,367,510
|
[['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.645'], ['H02.478.408'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['H02.478.676.631', 'N02.421.533.691']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interferon-gamma production and HLA-DR expression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
|
Other investigators have reported deficient production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and reduced expression of class II major histocompatibility (HLA-DR) antigens on monocytes from patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Our previous investigation did not demonstrate deficient IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes from patients with RP. We have extended our previous study by determining the frequency of HLA-DR-positive monocytes in the peripheral blood of well-defined groups of RP patients and by including a larger sample size of patients and subdividing the autosomal dominant and recessive subpopulations. Our present results confirm and extend our previous finding that lymphocytes from patients with RP are not deficient in the production of IFN-gamma as assessed with a commercially available radioimmunoassay test kit. In addition, using two-color immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, we also demonstrated normal expression of HLA-DR antigens on monocytes from these patients. In both this and our previous study, using techniques employed in our laboratory, we have been unable to detect significant cell-mediated immune abnormalities in a large and well-characterized group of RP patients.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Genes, Recessive', 'HLA-D Antigens', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Retinitis Pigmentosa', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 3,123,268
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['C11.270.684', 'C11.768.585.658.500', 'C16.320.290.684'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Innovative encapsulated oxygen-releasing beads for bioremediation of BTEX at high concentration in groundwater.
|
Both a low concentration of dissolved oxygen and the toxicity of a high concentration of BTEX inhibit the bioremediation of BTEX in groundwater. A novel method of preparing encapsulated oxygen-releasing beads (encap-ORBs) for the biodegradation of BTEX in groundwater was developed. Experimental results show that the integrality and oxygen-releasing capacity of encap-ORBs exceeded those of ORBs. The use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with high M.W. to prepare encap-ORBs improved their integrality. The encap-ORBs effectively released oxygen for 128 days. High concentration of BTEX (480 mg L-1) inhibited the biodegradation by the free cells. Immobilization of degraders in the encap-ORB alleviated the inhibition. Scanning electron microscope analysis reveals that the BTEX degraders grew on the surface of encap-ORB after bioremediation. The above results indicate that the encap-ORBs were effective in the bioremediation of BTEX at high concentration in groundwater.
|
['Benzene Derivatives', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Groundwater', 'Oxygen', 'Polyvinyl Alcohol', 'Toluene', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Xylenes']
| 28,846,890
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G01.311.355'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D02.033.750', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533.532', 'D05.750.716.721.616', 'D25.720.716.721.616', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.616'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.948']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Infectious complications after multivisceral transplantation in adults.
|
UNLABELLED: It is thought that multivisceral transplantation requires high levels of immunosuppression and therefore, patients run an increased risk of infection. We retrospectively reviewed our center's experience with clinically relevant infectious complications.PATIENTS: Between 2000 and 2005, 10 adult patients underwent multivisceral transplantation. Two immunosuppression protocols were used: between 2000 and 2003, a high immunosupression protocol (six patients; daclizumab induction, tacrolimus trough levels >20 ng/mL and steroids) and an immunomodulatory, low imunosuppression scheme from 2003 onward (four patients; ATG induction, tacrolimus levels 5 to 10 ng/mL, no steroids). Standard antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of vancomycin, meropenem, and amphotericin B. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis was used in all but first two cases. Donor and recipient CMV status were D+/R+ (n = 7), D+/R- (n = 2), D-/R+ (n = 1).RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 627 days (range, 19 to 2207 days). A total of 47 infectious episodes were recorded in all patients (range 1 to 14 per patient). The etiology was bacterial in 32 (69%), viral in 8 (17%), and fungal in 7 (14%) cases. The most frequent were catheter related (n = 13) followed by respiratory (n = 7), intraabdominal (n = 6), and wound infections (n = 5). Symptomatic viral infection of the graft (CMV gastritis or enteritis, adenoviral enteritis) was also encountered. Epstein-Barr virus was transiently detected in the serum of nine patients, one of whom later developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Three deaths all among patients receiving high immunosuppression were owing to infectious complications: pulmonary PTLD at 4 months posttransplantation, ruptured mycotic aneurysm after 8 weeks, and sepsis after 3 weeks.CONCLUSIONS: Infections accounted for a high morbidity after multivisceral transplantation, representing the leading cause of mortality. Exhaustive monitoring, early antimicrobial intervention, and lower immunosuppression may improve the outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppression', 'Infections', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycoses', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Viscera']
| 17,098,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['C01'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.703'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A01.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Suppression of an exocellular proteinase synthesis in Bacillus megaterium by increased temperature.
|
During cultivation of Bacillus megaterium at 42 degrees C the amount of the exocellular protease produced by growing cells sharply decreases as compared with temperatures of 28 and 35 degrees C. Within the above range the growth rate and incorporation of amino acids increase with increasing temperature. The culture adapted to 42 degrees C does not produce more proteinase at this temperature than the non-adapted culture. The high temperature does not induce accumulation of the enzyme in the cells. Total protein excretion was slightly lower at 42 degrees C than at 28 and 35 degrees C.
|
['Bacillus megaterium', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Endopeptidases', 'Hot Temperature']
| 6,406,305
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.500', 'B03.353.500.100.218.500', 'B03.510.100.100.218.500', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.500', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.500'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glucose enhancement of 24-h memory retrieval in healthy elderly humans.
|
When administered soon before or after training, glucose facilitates memory in rodents and in several populations of humans, including healthy elderly people. Thus, glucose appears to enhance memory formation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By assessing the effects of glucose at the time of memory tests, the present experiment examined the role of glucose on memory retrieval in healthy elderly people. On four sessions separated by a week, glucose or saccharin were administered immediately before hearing a narrative prose passage, as in previous experiments, or immediately before being tested for recall of the passage (24 h after training). Subjects recalled significantly more information after glucose ingestion than after saccharin ingestion whether the glucose was given before acquisition or memory tests. In addition, recall was significantly better in the preacquisition glucose condition relative to recall in the retrieval glucose condition. These findings provide evidence that glucose enhances both memory storage and retrieval.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Glucose', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,659,988
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
n of 1 trial for an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency carrier.
|
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is an X-linked disorder of the urea cycle. It is often fatal in affected males. Treatment for affected individuals includes dietary protein restriction, activation of alternative pathways of nitrogen excretion and L-arginine supplementation. Depending on the amount of X chromosome inactivation skewing, females show variable clinical manifestations, and sometimes the need for treatment, including medications, is unclear. We conducted an n of 1 randomized controlled trial on an obligate OTC carrier. The treating physician and patient were blinded to treatment. Either placebo capsules or L-arginine capsules were given for weekly periods. Weekly efficacy indicators included plasma arginine and glutamine levels and a quality of life/mood assessment questionnaire scale. Clear evidence of benefit with L-arginine compared to placebo was shown. This is the first time an n of 1 randomized controlled trial has been reported for an X-linked metabolic condition. Despite some logistic hurdles, we have demonstrated that this method was an effective tool for determining the value of treatment. We propose that other rare metabolic conditions may be amenable to such trials, if the benefit of treatment is in doubt.
|
['Affect', 'Arginine', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Genetic Diseases, X-Linked', 'Glutamine', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase', 'Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease', 'Quality of Life', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'X Chromosome Inactivation']
| 18,343,177
|
[['F01.470.047'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['C16.320.322'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.913.555.275.600'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.937.750', 'C16.320.322.828', 'C16.320.565.100.940.750', 'C16.320.565.189.937.750', 'C18.452.132.100.937.500', 'C18.452.648.100.940.500', 'C18.452.648.189.937.500'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G05.308.203.249.970']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Individual differences in the cortisol and salivary á-amylase awakening responses in early childhood: relations to age, sex, and sleep.
|
Recent studies have examined post-waking changes in cortisol as a marker of HPA functioning, but questions remain about the stability of this response, as well as its relation to sleep and other ANS markers. The purposes of this study were to a) examine the presence and developmental changes in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and salivary á-amylase awakening (sAA-AR) in a toddler sample and b) determine whether and how sleep relates to these responses in this age group. We measured cortisol and sAA upon awakening (and 30 min post-waking) and sleep characteristics using actigraphy (e.g., total sleep time, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings) in toddlers (N = 47; 36% female, ages 12-24 months). Forty-six percent of toddlers demonstrated a CAR and 52% demonstrated a sAA-AR. Strength of either response did not change linearly with age. Additionally, likelihood of demonstrating the CAR and sAA-AR was unrelated to age, sex, awakening time, time between samples, and time since feeding. Higher waking cortisol levels were associated with a shorter total sleep time and an earlier awakening. No associations were observed between sleep characteristics and the sAA-AR, ps > .05. Our findings suggest that these awakening responses function independently of sleep in toddlers. Additionally, the lack of change in percentage of children showing a CAR or sAA-AR across these ages suggests that these responses are stable and not emerging reliably across the second year of life.
|
['Age Factors', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Individuality', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Saliva', 'Salivary alpha-Amylases', 'Sex Factors', 'Sleep', 'Wakefulness']
| 24,604,597
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['F01.752.488'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D08.811.277.450.066.050.500', 'D12.644.848.875', 'D12.776.850.887'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sequence analysis of ADARB1 gene in patients with familial bipolar disorder.
|
BACKGROUND: The ADARB1 gene is located in 21q22.3 region, previously linked to familial bipolar disorder, and its product has a documented action in the editing of the pre-mRNA of glutamate receptor B subunit. Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission could play an important role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Glutamate excitatory neurotransmission regulation is a possible mechanism of the initial effect of anticonvulsants in regulating mood.METHODS: To investigate the hypothesis of an involvement of ADARB1 gene in the BD, the ADARB1 cDNA has been cloned and sequenced in seven selected bipolar I disorder patients with evidence of familiarity of mood disorders. A detailed investigation of the gene nucleotide sequence in the open reading frame has been performed.RESULTS: No alteration in the sequence of the ADARB1 gene cDNA was found in any patient, except a common neutral polymorphism in three out of seven patients.CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in ADARB1 gene are not commonly associated with bipolar I disorder, therefore other genes in the 21q22 region could be associated with bipolar illness in some families, likely in the context of a multifactorial transmission model.
|
['Adenosine Deaminase', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'RNA Precursors', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Receptors, Glutamate', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 15,183,604
|
[['D08.811.277.151.486.075'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['F03.084.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.510', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.510'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D13.400.730', 'D13.444.735.640'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.450'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Associations between ethnicity, body composition, and bone mineral density in a Southeast Asian population.
|
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chinese men in Singapore have a higher incidence of hip fractures than Malay and Indian men. We investigated whether there were corresponding ethnic differences in peak bone mineral density (BMD) in young men and whether differences in body composition influenced peak BMD.DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of healthy volunteers in a tertiary medical center.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 100 Chinese, 82 Malay, and 80 Indian men aged 21 to 40 years, with body mass index between 18 and 30 kg/m(2) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to assess BMD, lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Multiple linear regression models, with adjustment for age and height (as a proxy for skeletal size), were used.RESULTS: Malay and Indian men had significantly higher BMD than Chinese men at the lumbar spine (Malay: B, 0.06 ± 0.02, P = .001; Indian: B, 0.03 ± 0.02, P = .049), femoral neck (Malay: B 0.04 ± 0.02, P = .034; Indian: B, 0.04 ± 0.02, P = .041), hip (Malay: B, 0.05 ± 0.02, P = .016; Indian: B, 0.06 ± 0.02, P = .001), and ultradistal radius (Malay: B, 0.03 ± 0.01, P < .001; Indian: B, 0.02 ± 0.01, P = .029), and this difference was retained after adjustment for LM and FM, except in Malay men at the femoral neck and in Indian men at the ultradistal radius. LM was an important independent determinant of BMD at all sites, whereas FM, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue were not significantly associated with BMD at any site.CONCLUSIONS: Lower peak BMD in Chinese men may partly explain the higher fracture incidence in this ethnic group. Further studies are needed to elucidate the reasons for these ethnic differences in bone accumulation.
|
['Abdominal Fat', 'Adult', 'Asia, Southeastern', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bone Density', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Femur Neck', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'India', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 24,037,892
|
[['A10.165.114.830.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.145'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.510'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Renal failure in acute pancreatitis. Timing of dialysis and surgery.
|
UNLABELLED: Despite the progress in intensive care treatment the ongoing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with severe pancreatitis (SP) and renal failure (RF) is associated with high mortality. The aim of this lecture is to outline the knowledge drawn from literature and personal experience and to re-evaluate the management strategy of SP patients whose clinical course is complicated with impairment of the renal function.INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOME: Impaired renal function can be observed in 14-43% of patients with SP mostly in combination with other organ system failure. SIRS is the main culprit in the pathologic process. Extent of necrosis does not correlate with derangement of the renal function, however, infection is a serious risk factor. Mortality reaches 71-84% in patients with SP and RF, which requires dialysis. Risk factors highly associated with RF and detrimental outcomes in SP patients are advancing age, prior chronic disease, cardiovascular and pulmonary failure, mechanical ventilation, hypotension, oliguria, coma, and jaundice. SP is associated with increased bowel permeability, impaired visceral perfusion, retroperitoneal oedema and increased intraabdominal pressure, which can directly affect the renal function as consequence of the acute abdominal compartment syndrome (AACS).TREATMENT: Early aggressive resuscitation including isovolemic hemodilution with dextran 60, venovenouse hemofiltration, early enteral nutrition and antibiotic prophylaxis are of extreme importance. Surgery is indicated in SP with evidence of the RF when clinical course deteriorates despite intensive care, especially if infection is present and/or AACS develops.CONCLUSION: RF in the patients with SP reflects the severity of SIRS. Improvement of the visceral perfusion is the goal of resuscitation. Surgery is indicated in case of failed conservative treatment and may be successfully combined with hemodialysis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Acute Kidney Injury', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Pancreatitis', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,202,287
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['E04.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.689.750'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Applications of analytical ultracentrifugation to protein size-and-shape distribution and structure-and-function analyses.
|
The rebirth of modern analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) began in 1990s. Since then many advanced AUC detectors have been developed that provide a vast range of versatile choices when characterizing the physical and chemical features of macromolecules. In addition, there have been remarkable advances in software that allow the analysis of AUC data using more sophisticated models, including quaternary structures, conformational changes, and biomolecular interactions. Here we report the application of AUC to protein size-and-shape distribution analysis and structure-and-function analysis in the presence of ligands or lipids. Using band-sedimentation velocity, quaternary structural changes and an enzyme's catalytic activity can be observed simultaneously. This provides direct insights into the correlation between quaternary structure and catalytic activity of the enzyme. On the other hand, also in this study, we have applied size-and-shape distribution analysis to a lipid-binding protein in either an aqueous or lipid environment. The sedimentation velocity data for the protein with or without lipid were evaluated using the c(s,f(r)) two-dimensional distribution model, which provides a precise and quantitative means of analyzing the protein's conformational changes.
|
['Apolipoprotein E3', 'Coronavirus 3C Proteases', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lipids', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Ultracentrifugation']
| 21,087,667
|
[['D10.532.091.500.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.108.500', 'D08.811.277.656.979.250.500', 'D12.776.964.900.500.500.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D10'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
11p14.1 microdeletions associated with ADHD, autism, developmental delay, and obesity.
|
Genomic copy number imbalances are being increasingly identified as an important cause of intellectual disability and behavioral abnormalities. The typical deletion in WAGR syndrome encompasses the PAX6 and WT1 genes, but larger deletions have been associated with neurobehavioral abnormalities and obesity. We identified four patients with overlapping interstitial deletions on 11p14.1 and extending telomeric to the WAGR critical domain. The minimal overlapping critical chromosomal region was 2.3 Mb at 11p14.1. The deletions encompass the BDNF and LIN7C genes that are implicated in the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and synaptic transmission. All patients with this deletion exhibit variable degrees of developmental delay, behavioral problems, and obesity. Our data show that ADHD, autism, developmental delay, and obesity are highly associated with deletion involving 11p14.1 and provide additional support for a significant role of BDNF in obesity and neurobehavioral problems.
|
['Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Obesity', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Phenotype']
| 21,567,907
|
[['F03.625.094.150'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.355', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.355'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.588.570'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.695']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
General practitioners' attitudes and decision making regarding admission for older adults with infection: a UK qualitative interview study.
|
BACKGROUND: The world has an ageing population. Infection is common in older adults; serious infection has a high mortality rate and is associated with unplanned admissions. In the UK, general practitioners (GPs) must identify which older patients require admission to hospital and provide appropriate care and support for those staying at home.OBJECTIVES: To explore attitudes of UK GPs towards referring older patients with suspected infection to hospital, how they weigh up the decision to admit against the alternatives and how alternatives to admission could be made more effective.Methods. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. GPs were purposively sampled from across the UK to achieve maximum variation in terms of GP role, experience and practice population. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed using a modified framework approach.RESULTS: GPs' key influences on decision making were grouped into patient, GP and system factors. Patient factors included clinical factors, social factors and shared decision making. GP factors included gut instinct, risk management and acknowledging an associated personal emotional burden. System factors involved weighing up the pressure on secondary care beds against increasing GP workload. GPs described that finding an alternative to admission could be more time consuming, complex to arrange or were restricted by lack of capacity.CONCLUSION: GPs need to be empowered to make safe decisions about place of care for older adults with suspected infection. This may mean developing strategies to support decision making as well as improving the ease of access to, and capacity of, any alternatives to admission.
|
['Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Decision Making, Shared', 'Female', 'General Practitioners', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Primary Health Care', 'Qualitative Research', 'Social Support', 'United Kingdom']
| 30,219,922
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F02.463.785.810.250', 'I03.743.500'], ['M01.526.485.810.485', 'N02.360.810.485'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Measures of cutaneous human papillomavirus infection in normal tissues as biomarkers of HPV in corresponding nonmelanoma skin cancers.
|
Cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) may be associated with the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as suggested by reports of HPV DNA in NMSC tumors. HPV has also been investigated as an NMSC risk factor in epidemiologic studies, although findings vary across studies that used different biomarkers of HPV infection in normal tissues. To identify appropriate biomarkers for use in future epidemiologic studies, we conducted a sampling validation study. NMSC tumor tissue was obtained from 20 patients with pathology-confirmed basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, in addition to several normal tissues, including eyebrow hairs, normal skin swabs obtained using multiple techniques, normal skin punch and shave biopsies, and serum for antibody measurement. Presence of cutaneous HPV DNA in tissues was measured with multiplex PCR using HPV type-specific primers and array primer extension (APEX) for HPV typing. Antibody detection was based on glutathione-S-transferase capture ELISA in combination with fluorescent bead technology. Using HPV DNA in tumor tissues as a gold standard, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each measure of HPV infection in normal tissues. beta-Papillomavirus DNA was observed in tumor tissues in 60% of patients. The normal skin punch biopsy demonstrated optimal sensitivity (75%) and specificity (75%). Biomarkers obtained using less-invasive techniques demonstrated poor specificity when considered individually, although specificity improved when biomarkers were combined. Based on the current case series, the combinations of antibodies+eyebrow hairs or antibodies+eyebrow hairs+Dacron swabs are the optimal, minimally invasive markers of cutaneous HPV infection for use in epidemiologic studies.
|
['Betapapillomavirus', 'Biomarkers', 'Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin Diseases, Viral', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 18,729,188
|
[['B04.280.210.655.100', 'B04.613.204.655.100'], ['D23.101'], ['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.925.825', 'C17.800.838.790'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Total obliteration of the mastoid, middle ear, and external auditory canal. A review of 27 cases.
|
In the past 22 years, 27 patients had undergone total obliteration of the mastoid, middle ear, and external auditory canal. Most of the patients had severely diseased ears, many with multiple previous operations. When performed for chronic otorrhea, the operation resulted in a dry ear in all but two cases, though healing was prolonged in some. Secondary revisions for hearing were unsuccessful. We review the indications for this procedure and the experience of others who had used similar techniques. Though seldom indicated, the mastoid obliteration operation results in a dry ear in almost all patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Ear Canal', 'Ear Diseases', 'Ear, Middle', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mastoid', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 7,242,201
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A09.246.272.396'], ['C09.218'], ['A09.246.397'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.885.444'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Influence of celecoxib on invasiveness of human high-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) on invasive ability of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) line CNE-2Z.METHODS: The proliferation of NPC cells was examined by MTT assay. The invasive and migrating ability of NPC cells was detected with transwell chamber. E-cadherin protein expression was detected by immunocytochemistry and the expressions of Cox-2 and E-cadherin mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: MTT showed that celecoxib inhibited CNE-2Z proliferation in dose-dependent manner, the survival rate of cells treated with 25, 50, 100 µmol/L celecoxib (x(-) ± s) for 24 h was (94.75 ± 1.34)%, (91.77 ± 2.70)%, (64.54 ± 1.20)%, respectively, and the survival rate of cells treated for 48 h was (88.41 ± 1.28)%, (78.84 ± 1.56)%, (52.46 ± 2.25)%, respectively, the concentration of 50% inhibition concentration of a substance (IC50) was 100 µmol/L, the difference was statistically significant between different concentration groups in the same time-point (respectively, F were 462.204 and 1328.306, P < 0.01). Treated with different concentrations of celecoxib (0, 25, 50 µmol/L) for 24, the cell numbers (x(-) ± s) through PVPF by tumor invasion assay were (263.7 ± 13.5), (185.3 ± 8.7) and (144.0 ± 8.2), the difference was statistically significant between the experimental and control group (F = 102.089, P < 0.01). Immunocytochemistry showed that celecoxib significantly induced the increase of E-cadherin protein expression, also with a dose-dependence in 0 µmol/L, 25 µmol/L, 50 µmol/L group was (21.7 ± 2.6), (28.7 ± 2.4), (40.3 ± 1.3), and 50 µmol/L group increased significantly (F = 78.637, P < 0.01). RT-PCR showed that celecoxib reduced the expression of Cox-2 mRNA expression in 25, 50 µmol/L group decreased significantly compared with the control group (respectively, t were 23.950 and 36.651, P < 0.01), but it enhanced the expression of E-cadherin mRNA expression in 25, 50 µmol/L group was significantly higher (respectively, t were 35.829 and 81.497, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Celecoxib can inhibits the invasive ability of NPC cell line CNE-2Z, which possibly relates with the upregulated expression of E-cadherin.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cadherins', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Celecoxib', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Pyrazoles', 'Sulfonamides']
| 21,215,211
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['D02.065.884.247', 'D02.886.590.700.247', 'D03.383.129.539.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration: a potential target for microbicides to prevent cell-free or cell-associated HIV-1 infection.
|
Conceptually, blocking human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration is the last possibility for preventing irreversible cellular infection. Using cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells, which represent primary targets in sexual transmission, we demonstrated that blocking integration with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs), particularly L-870812, could consistently block cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 infection. In a pretreatment setting in which the compound was present before and during infection and was afterwards gradually diluted during the culture period, the naphthyridine carboxamide L-870812 blocked infection with the cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 Ba-L strain at concentrations of, respectively, 1,000 and 10,000 nM. The potency of L-870812 was similar to that of the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor R-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine (PMPA) but one or two orders of magnitude lower than those of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors UC781 and TMC120. In contrast, the diketo acid RDS derivative InSTIs showed clear-cut but weaker antiviral activity than L-870812. Moreover, L-870812 completely blocked subtype C and CRFO2_AG primary isolates, which are prevalent in the African heterosexual epidemic. Furthermore, the addition of micromolar concentrations of L-870812 even 24 h after infection could still block both cell-free and cell-associated Ba-L, opening the prospect of postexposure prophylaxis. Finally, an evaluation of the combined activity of L-870812 with either T20, zidovudine, PMPA, UC781, or TMC120 against replication-deficient HIV-1 Ba-L (env) pseudovirus suggested synergistic activity for all combinations. Importantly, compounds selected for the study by using the coculture model were devoid of acute or delayed cytotoxic effects at HIV-blocking concentrations. Therefore, these findings provide evidence supporting consideration of HIV-1 integration as a target for microbicide development.
|
['Anilides', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Furans', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Integrase Inhibitors', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Naphthyridines', 'Pyrimidines', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Thioamides', 'Virus Integration']
| 18,474,579
|
[['D02.065.199', 'D02.092.146.113'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D03.383.312'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D27.505.519.389.375.400', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.314'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.612'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['D02.065.900', 'D02.886.685'], ['G05.935', 'G06.920.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Folate and Homocysteine.
|
BACKGROUND: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and age-related degenerative diseases. The relation of peripheral blood LTL to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of folate and homocysteine (Hcy) in this relation remain unclear.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risks of MCI/AD, and to explore whether folate and Hcy may play a role in this association.METHODS: This case-control study included 129 MCI subjects, 131 AD patients and 134 healthy controls. LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Serum folate levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders.RESULTS: The mean LTL was 1.56 ± 0.25 in controls, 1.44 ± 0.23 in MCI, and 1.28 ± 0.28 in AD patients (p< 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, subjects in the longest LTL tertile had lower OR for MCI (OR 0.246; 95% CI 0.101-0.597) and AD (OR 0.123; 95% CI 0.044-0.345) in comparison to subjects in the shortest tertile. Shorter LTL was dose-dependently related to the ORs of MCI and AD. Further, serum folate concentration was positively associated with LTL (p < 0.01), while serum Hcy level was negatively associated with LTL (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, LTL-MCI/AD association varied by serum folate and Hcy level.CONCLUSIONS: Shorter LTL is associated with the risks of MCI/AD. Folate and Hcy might play an important role in this association.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Correlation of Data', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Telomere Shortening']
| 31,437,841
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['H01.548.832.500'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.225.940', 'G04.043.630', 'G05.226.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gastrointestinal transit in thyroid disease.
|
Diarrhea and malabsorption are common manifestations of hyperthyroidism, whereas constipation or obstipation frequently occur in hypothyroidism. Abnormalities of gastrointestinal motility have been proposed as the primary cause of these complaints, but documentation has been conflicting and largely limited to observations of the transit time of a barium meal. We studied gastrointestinal transit time in fasting patients with thyroid dysfunction using the pulmonary excretion of H2 after the ingestion of a nonabsorbable carbohydrate, lactulose, as an indicator of the rate of transit to the colon. Mean transit time of 10 hyperthyroid patients (29 +/- 4.0 min) was significantly less than that of 42 healthy controls (72 +/- 3.7 min, p less than 0.001), and of 6 hyperthyroid patients when they became hypothyroid after treatment (80 +/- 11.0 min, p less than 0.05). Transit time decreased significantly when hypothyroid patients were given thyroid replacement (p less than 0.01). These findings support the hypothesis that abnormal gut motility may be the primary cause of the diarrhea and malabsorption of hyperthyroidism, and the constipation and obstipation commonly seen in hypothyroidism.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Constipation', 'Female', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Malabsorption Syndromes', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Time Factors']
| 6,706,068
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['G10.261.360.400'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.637', 'C18.452.603'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C19.874'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Middle cerebral artery median peak systolic velocity validation: effect of measurement technique.
|
We sought to validate center-specific published medians and estimate the effects of sonologist and Doppler measurement techniques on middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) values. We studied 154 gravidas with normal singletons who underwent MCA PSV measurement at 18 to 35 weeks' gestation by one of three experienced sonologists. Pregnancies complicated by a known fetal anomaly (structural or aneuploidy), amniotic fluid volume disturbance, intrauterine growth restriction, multiple gestation, or isoimmunization were excluded. MCA PSV was measured using both manual caliper and auto-trace techniques. Regression models of log-transformed PSV values and gestational age were developed. Although auto-trace medians were significantly lower than those obtained with manual calipers ( P < 0.0001), they more closely approximated published medians used in clinical practice. Minimal intersonologist differences (maximum mean difference <3 cm/s) were statistically significant ( P < 0.01). Compared with manual caliper, auto-trace measurement yielded significantly lower medians. However, center-specific medians obtained by our sonologists using auto-trace more closely approximated published standards. Estimated interobserver variability suggested that different sonologists may utilize the same median values. We suggest that centers that utilize Doppler velocimetry for the prediction of fetal anemia examine their measurement protocol and consider formal confirmation of their own center-specific median values.
|
['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Observer Variation', 'Pregnancy', 'Reference Standards', 'Rheology', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 20,225,170
|
[['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.228.550'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synergistic effects of ethanol and UV radiation to reduce levels of selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
|
The purpose of this study was to determine whether combined treatments would produce synergistic disinfection effects on food products during food processing compared with single treatments. We investigated the bactericidal effects of a commercial chemical disinfectant (ethanol) and of UV radiation on Bacillus cereus F4810/72, Cronobacter sakazakii KCTC 2949, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35556, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium NO/NA in vitro. Various concentrations of ethanol (10, 30, 40, and 50%) were tested with various exposure doses of UV radiation (6, 96, 216, 360, and 504 mWs/cm(2)) with a UV lamp. The combined ethanol-UV treatments resulted in greater reductions in bacterial counts than did either treatment alone. The synergistic effect values for B. cereus, C. sakazakii, S. aureus, S. enterica Typhimurium NO/NA, and E. coli were 0.40 to 1.52, 0.52 to 1.74, 0.20 to 2.32, 0.07 to 1.14, and 0.02 to 1.75 log CFU/ml, respectively. The results of this study suggest that a significant synergistic benefit results from combining ethanol and UV treatments against foodborne pathogens in vitro.
|
['Bacteria', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Consumer Product Safety', 'Disinfection', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Ethanol', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Irradiation', 'Food Microbiology', 'Humans', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 20,202,345
|
[['B03'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['N06.850.210'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['D02.033.375'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.850.700.700.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of a duplex-derived velocity risk prediction model of disease progression in patients with moderate asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: Previously, we described risk factors for disease progression in moderate asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ASCAS). The aim of the current study was to develop a risk prediction model for disease progression in this group.METHODS: All patients presenting between January 2005 and May 2012 with moderate (50%-69%) ASCAS, as determined by carotid artery duplex imaging, were included. Cox proportional hazard regression models accounting for measured duplex peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity, and the internal carotid artery (ICA)/common carotid artery (CCA) ratio, with and without previously identified risk factors for progression (age, smoking, dual antiplatelet therapy), were used to develop receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting disease progression.RESULTS: The study analyzed 282 patients (52% male), aged 71 ± 9 years, with 2.6 ± 0.1 years follow-up and 25% disease progression at a mean time of 2.02 ± 0.18 years. Initial peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and the ICA/CCA ratio were all significant independent predictors of progression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggested that a prediction model based on ICA/CCA ratio alone had optimal prediction efficacy (hazard ratio, 2.01; Harrell's C, 0.74; P < .001). Patients with ICA/CCA >2.5, 3.3, and 3.8 were found to have >10%, >20%, and >30% risk of disease progression over 2 years, respectively. Model sensitivity and specificity for predicting 10% risk of disease progression at 2 years was 80.7% and 64.0%, respectively (positive predictive value, 22.9%; negative predictive value, 96.1%).CONCLUSIONS: We propose a clinical prediction model for moderate ASCAS disease progression that can be used to risk-stratify patients with >10% risk of progression at 2 years using ICA/CCA ratios. Implementation of this model may be useful for identifying high-risk patients who would benefit from routine carotid disease surveillance follow-up.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Area Under Curve', 'Asymptomatic Diseases', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'ROC Curve', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex']
| 25,238,724
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['C23.550.291.187'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A07.015.114.186.200'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.360', 'C14.907.137.230', 'C14.907.253.123.360'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of hydroxyurea on rabbit subconjunctival fibroblast culture and use of hydroxyurea in rabbits after glaucoma filtration surgery.
|
In an in vitro study, rabbit subconjunctival fibroblasts were cultured and the effects of an antineoplastic drug, hydroxyurea (HU), on fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast attachment was investigated. The effects of HU were compared with those of mitomycin C (MMC). Different concentrations of HU and MMC were added to culture medium. The HU doses which led to 50% of inhibition (ID(50)) and the dose which led to about 90% of inhibition (subtoxic high dose, STHD) were determined to be 8 and 1,000 microg/ml, respectively. ID(50) of MMC and its STHD which led to about 100% inhibition were found to be 0.01 and 1 microg/ml, respectively. Reversibility studies revealed that inhibition disappeared depending on the dose and incubation period of both HU and MMC. In an in vivo study, glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) was performed in rabbits which were treated with HU (treatment group) and distilled water (control group). Tissue samples were taken from the subconjunctival area treated at 1 h, 1 day, 5 days and 30 days postoperatively. The biopsy specimens were then placed in tissue culture media. Fibroblast outgrowth rates detected in the HU group were found to be significantly lower than those in the control group in the specimens taken at the end of the first hour. The difference was significant on culture days 9-15 in the biopsy specimens taken on day 1 while it was not significant in those taken on days 5 and 30.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Conjunctiva', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fibroblasts', 'Filtering Surgery', 'Glaucoma', 'Hydroxyurea', 'Mitomycin', 'Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Postoperative Care', 'Rabbits']
| 10,516,520
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251'], ['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E04.540.450'], ['C11.525.381'], ['D02.065.950.395'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.675'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Towards functional glycomics by localization of binding sites for tissue lectins: lectin histochemical reactivity for galectins during diethylstilbestrol-induced kidney tumorigenesis in male Syrian hamster.
|
Endogenous lectins act as effectors of cellular activities such as growth regulation, migration, and adhesion. Following their immunohistochemical localization in our previous study (Saussez et al. in Histochem Cell Biol 123:29-41, 2005) we purified several galectins and used them as tools for monitoring accessible binding sites. Herein, we report the use of galectin histochemistry for the analysis of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced renal tumors in male Syrian hamster kidney (SHKT). Sections of normal kidney and DES-treated kidney were analyzed with biotinylated galectins-1, -3 (full-length and truncated), and -7. Accessible binding sites were detected, localization was predominantly extracellular and confined to medium-sized and large tumors. Monitoring the SHKT-derived HKT-1097 line, processed in vitro or as xenograft material, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for galectins-1, -3, and -3tr could be observed. Adaptation of SHKT cells to long-term growth in culture is thus associated with emergence of this signal. Our data set illustrates the feasibility to complement immunohistochemical data by application of the tissue lectins as probes, and to detect regulation of galectin reactivity with differential characteristics within tumor progression in vivo and unique features of the tumor cell line in vitro and in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Biotin', 'Carcinogens', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cricetinae', 'Diethylstilbestrol', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Galectin 1', 'Galectin 3', 'Galectins', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Lectins', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 16,435,123
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.725.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D12.776.503.307.100'], ['D12.776.503.307.300'], ['D12.776.503.307'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D12.776.503'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Combined use of metformin and Diane35 in polycystic ovary syndrome].
|
UNLABELLED: The aim of our study was to compare the effect of Metformin applied independently to the effect of Metformin used in combination with Diane35, the latter given only during the first two months of the treatment.METHODS: In this prospective, open clinical study, 30 women with PCOS were included, divided in two groups 15 women each. Group 1 received 850 mg Metformin twice a day and group 2 in which Diane35 was added to the same treatment only during the first two months of the investigation. In addition the following tests have been made--immune reactive insulin, total testosterone, SHBG, free androgen index, anthropometric and some biochemical indices.RESULTS: Much better decreasing of the level of testosterone and free androgen index in group 2, without worsening of the anthropometric and biochemical indices.CONCLUSION: The combination of Metformin with the intermittent application of Diane35 is an appropriate alternative for the pathogenic influence and clinical improvement of the symptoms of androgen excess in cases with PCOS.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Cyproterone Acetate', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Ethinyl Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Metformin', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,341,255
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.219.150', 'D04.210.500.883.419.150'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D26.310'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.568.291', 'D06.472.334.851.437.968.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.078.370.141.450'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Massive lymphocyte apoptosis in the thymus of functionally deficient TrkB mice.
|
The occurrence of TrkB in the murine thymus (15-day and 3-month old) was investigated by Northern blot, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the thymus of 15-day-old mice carrying a non-functional mutation on trkB was analyzed. Both trkB mRNA and 145 kDa TrkB protein were detected. In addition, isolated lymphocytes and stromal cells also expressed this protein. The thymus of homozygous functionally TrkB-deficient animals showed structural and ultrastructural changes consistent with massive death of cortical lymphocytes, confirmed with TUNEL. Present results suggest a role for TrkB in maintaining the survival or preventing massive death of lymphocytes in the mammalian thymus.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mutation', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, trkB', 'Stromal Cells', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland']
| 12,161,017
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.700', 'D12.776.543.750.630.498', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.600'], ['A11.329.830'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Brain Activation in Response to Personalized Behavioral and Physiological Feedback From Self-Monitoring Technology: Pilot Study.
|
BACKGROUND: The recent surge in commercially available wearable technology has allowed real-time self-monitoring of behavior (eg, physical activity) and physiology (eg, glucose levels). However, there is limited neuroimaging work (ie, functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]) to identify how people's brains respond to receiving this personalized health feedback and how this impacts subsequent behavior.OBJECTIVE: Identify regions of the brain activated and examine associations between activation and behavior.METHODS: This was a pilot study to assess physical activity, sedentary time, and glucose levels over 14 days in 33 adults (aged 30 to 60 years). Extracted accelerometry, inclinometry, and interstitial glucose data informed the construction of personalized feedback messages (eg, average number of steps per day). These messages were subsequently presented visually to participants during fMRI. Participant physical activity levels and sedentary time were assessed again for 8 days following exposure to this personalized feedback.RESULTS: Independent tests identified significant activations within the prefrontal cortex in response to glucose feedback compared with behavioral feedback (P<.001). Reductions in mean sedentary time (589.0 vs 560.0 minutes per day, P=.014) were observed. Activation in the subgyral area had a moderate correlation with minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (r=0.392, P=.043).CONCLUSION: Presenting personalized glucose feedback resulted in significantly more brain activation when compared with behavior. Participants reduced time spent sedentary at follow-up. Research on deploying behavioral and physiological feedback warrants further investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Exercise', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects']
| 29,117,928
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G07.410.732'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Estimating foodborne gastroenteritis, Australia.
|
We estimated for Australia the number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths due to foodborne gastroenteritis in a typical year, circa 2000. The total amount of infectious gastroenteritis was measured by using a national telephone survey. The foodborne proportion was estimated from Australian data on each of 16 pathogens. To account for uncertainty, we used simulation techniques to calculate 95% credibility intervals (CrI). The estimate of incidence of gastroenteritis in Australia is 17.2 million (95% confidence interval 14.5-19.9 million) cases per year. We estimate that 32% (95% CrI 24%-40%) are foodborne, which equals 0.3 (95% CrI 0.2-0.4) episodes per person, or 5.4 million (95% CrI 4.0-6.9 million) cases annually in Australia. Norovirus, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. cause the most illnesses. In addition, foodborne gastroenteritis causes approximately 15,000 (95% CrI 11,000-18,000) hospitalizations and 80 (95% CrI 40-120) deaths annually. This study highlights global public health concerns about foodborne diseases and the need for standardized methods, including assessment of uncertainty, for international comparison.
|
['Australia', 'Computer Simulation', 'DNA Virus Infections', 'Foodborne Diseases', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Protozoan Infections', 'Public Health', 'RNA Virus Infections']
| 16,102,316
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C01.925.256'], ['C25.723.415'], ['C06.405.205'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C01.610.752'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['C01.925.782']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
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