Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topical gel formulation of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody VRC01 confers protection against HIV-1 vaginal challenge in a humanized mouse model.
|
The new generation broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 against HIV-1 shows great potential as a topically administered microbicide to prevent sexual transmission. We evaluated its efficacy in a RAG-hu humanized mouse model of vaginal HIV-1 transmission. Mice were challenged vaginally with R5 tropic HIV-1 BaL an hour after intravaginal application of the VRC01 (1 mg/ml concentration) gel. A combination of four first generation bNAbs, namely b12, 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12, was used as a positive efficacy control whereas a non-specific dengue MAb 4G2 was used as negative control. Our results showed that seven out of nine VRC01 antibody administered mice and all of the mice receiving the four bNAb antibody combination were protected against HIV-1 challenge. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the new bNAb VRC01 as a topical microbicide to protect against HIV-1 vaginal transmission and highlight the use of the RAG-hu mouse model for testing HIV prevention strategies.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gels', 'HIV Antibodies', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Vagina']
| 22,832,125
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D12.776.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.440'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The photochemical C2-C6 cyclization of enyne-allenes: interception of the fulvene diradical with a radical clock ring opening.
|
The mechanism of the photochemical C(2)-C(6) cyclization of enyne-allenes has been studied through radical clock, intramolecular kinetic isotope effect, and laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments as well as density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio computations. While the photochemical cyclization of enyne-allenes 1 and 2 furnished ene and Diels-Alder products without any cyclopropyl ring opening, that of 3 carrying the ultrafast diphenylcyclopropylcarbinyl radical clock afforded products derived from cyclopropyl ring opening. Laser flash photolysis (LFP) studies on enyne-allene 3 point to an allene triplet excited state (transient A) as a primarily formed short-lived (tau = 430 ns) intermediate. In addition, we have obtained evidence for the formation of a diphenylmethyl-type diradical (transient C, tau = 1.0 micros) resulting from ring opening of a diphenylcyclopropane ring. C subsequently undergoes a surprisingly slow (tau = 1.0 micros) 1,6-hydrogen shift leading to the stable 1,3-diene 6.
|
['Alkadienes', 'Alkenes', 'Alkynes', 'Cyclization', 'Cyclopentanes', 'Kinetics', 'Lasers', 'Photolysis']
| 19,601,583
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.146'], ['D02.455.326.271'], ['D02.455.326.397'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['G02.740.685']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conductance-voltage relations in large-conductance chloride channels in proliferating L6 myoblasts.
|
Large-conductance chloride channels (maxi-Cl channels) were studied in cultured myoblasts (L6 rat muscle cell line); in excised (inside-out) and in cell attached membrane patches using a conventional patch clamp method. The incidence of maxi-Cl channels was substantially higher in proliferating myoballs, then in quiescent (bottom-attached) myoblasts (90% and 50% percent of examined cells, respectively). The maxi-Cl channels in myoballs were present both in cell attached and excised patches. The channel conductance at symmetric [Cl] = 150 mmol/l was 359 +/- 42 pS (n = 74) in quiescent cells and 439 +/- 10 pS (n = 6) in proliferating myoballs respectively. The conductance of the channel in quiescent cells increased with chloride concentration in symmetric NaCl rich solutions according to Michaelis-Menten curve with the saturation limiting conductance of about 640 pS (gmax) and Km = 112 mmol/l. The shift of the reversal potential upon increasing the pipette concentration of NaCl from 150 to 250 mmol/l was consistent with PNa/PCl = 0.1. Neither the conductance nor the activation of the channel were dependent on the presence of calcium ions. The bell-shaped steady state channel conductance-voltage relationship is asymmetric and can be fitted by two Boltzmann equations with different Vh and k constants; -25.6 mV and -6.8 mV, respectively, for the negative side and +49.6 mV and +13.7 mV for the positive side in quiescent cells. The corresponding values in proliferating myoballs were as follows: -15.5 mV and -2.4 mV, respectively, for the negative side and +31.4 mV and +6.8 mV for the positive side. From the maximum slopes of the Popen versus V curves an estimate was made of the charges for the gates that close at negative (3.5) or positive (1.7) potentials, respectively, in quiescent cells. The corresponding values in myoballs were 10.6 and 3.7, respectively. The probability of one gate to be open was dependent on the state of activation of the opposite gate as determined by prepulses of the opposite polarity. The channel showed multiple (up to six) conductance levels that may develop in a step-like manner. The onset of the full-grown maxi-Cl channel is fairly abrupt; it might, however, be preceded by a small conductance unit activity. It is supposed that the differences between the quiescent myoblasts and proliferating myoballs might reflect increased expression of maxi-Cl channels in myoballs to perform as yet unknown role in the cell cycle and/or proliferation of the myoblasts.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chloride Channels', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electrophysiology', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Kinetics', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Muscles', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Probability', 'Rats', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 7,835,680
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Race Idea in Reproductive Technologies: Beyond Epistemic Scientism and Technological Mastery.
|
This paper explores the limitations of epistemic scientism for understanding the role the concept of race plays in assisted reproductive technology (ART) practices. Two major limitations centre around the desire to use scientific knowledge to bring about social improvement. In the first case, undue focus is placed on debunking the scientific reality of racial categories and characteristics. The alternative to this approach is to focus instead on the way the race idea functions in ART practices. Doing so reveals how the race idea (1) helps to define the reproductive "problems" different groups of women are experiencing and to dictate when and how they should be "helped"; (2) helps to resolve tensions about who should be considered the real parents of children produced by reproductive technologies; and (3) is used to limit ART use where that use threatens to denaturalize the very sociopolitical landscape the race idea has created. In the second case, scientific knowledge regarding reproduction is thought to call for technological control over that reproduction. This leads to an overemphasis on personal responsibility and a depoliticization of racialized social inequalities.
|
['African Americans', 'Child', 'Continental Population Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internationality', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Politics', 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'Social Class', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Sperm Banks', 'Surrogate Mothers', 'United Kingdom', 'United States']
| 26,615,542
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.686.508'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['I01.738'], ['E02.875.800', 'E05.820.800'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N02.278.065.700'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.892', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.892', 'M01.620.892'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The influence of espresso coffee on neurocognitive function in HIV-infected patients.
|
The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of coffee intake on cognitive function in persons living with HIV (PLWH). 130 PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm(3), undetectable viral load, treated with HAART were included. A structured interview was applied and relevant clinical and laboratory data were assessed, including coffee intake. For neuropsychological assessment, the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Battery was chosen. Univariate nonparametric statistics and multivariate regression model were used. A significant association between espresso coffee use and a better cognitive function was verified in five of the eight psychometric measurements. In the multivariate analysis, after variable adjustment, linear regression analysis showed that coffee intake was a positive predictor for attention/working memory, executive functions and Global Deficit Score. Although the mechanisms behind the influence of caffeine on cognitive functioning are controversial, regular espresso coffee intake may have favourable effects on cognitive deterioration caused by HIV.
|
['Adult', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Attention', 'Caffeine', 'Coffee', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Plant Extracts', 'Psychometrics', 'Regression Analysis', 'Viral Load']
| 26,932,511
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F02.463.217'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Symptoms, signs and early course of optic neuritis.
|
The study was an anlysis of the early course of optic neuritis based on the case histories of 185 patients, 57% of whom were females and 43% males. More than half of the patients suffered from multiple sclerosis. In 28% of the patients the etiology remained unknown. The most common initial symptom was acute decrease in visual acuity, but in 25% the onset was subacute or slow. Pain occured in 62% and preceded decrease in visual acuity in 16% of the cases. The initial attack was unilateral in 70% and bilateral in 30% of the patients. On admission, in 64% of the involved eyes, visual acuity was poor and in 73% the defect in the visual field involved the central field. The optic disc was normal in 46%, blurred and /or hyperaemic in 20%, oedematous in 23% and in 11% there was temporal or total pallor already on admission. The last finding was common in patients with bilateral optic neuritis with a slow onset. Six months after admission visual acuity was good or excellent in 56% and the visual field was normal in 45% of the involved eyes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Visual Acuity', 'Visual Fields']
| 1,174,002
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Wives and ex-wives: a new test for homogamy bias in the widowhood effect.
|
Increased mortality following the death of a spouse (the "widowhood effect") may be due to (1) causation, (2) bias from spousal similarity (homogamy), or (3) bias from shared environmental exposures. This article proposes new tests for bias in the widowhood effect by examining husbands, wives, and ex-wives in a longitudinal sample of over 1 million elderly Americans. If the death of an ex-wife has no causal effect on the mortality of her husband, then an observed association between the mortality of an ex-wife and her husband may indicate bias, while the absence of an effect of an ex-wife's death on her husband's mortality would discount the possibility of homogamy bias (and also of one type of shared-exposure bias). Results from three empirical tests provide strong evidence for an effect of a current wife's death on her husband's mortality yet no statistically significant evidence for an effect of an ex-wife's death on her husband's mortality. These results strengthen the causal interpretation of the widowhood effect by suggesting that the widowhood effect is not due to homogamy bias to any substantial degree.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Bias', 'Causality', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Mortality', 'Probability', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'United States', 'Widowhood']
| 19,110,901
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.862', 'I01.240.361.500.862', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.862', 'N01.224.361.500.862', 'N01.824.308.500.862']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Liability claims based on drug use.
|
The incidence of drug-related liability claims is discussed, and data from a number of studies in this area are reviewed. Drug categories that appear to cause the greatest problems are hormones, anticoagulants, adrenal steroids, and antibiotics. Focusing attention on these categories may enable the pharmacist to function as a liability-reducing factor in the institutional setting.
|
['Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Liability', 'Malpractice']
| 6,617,491
|
[['C25.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.443'], ['I01.880.604.583.524', 'N03.706.535.606']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Species identification by experts and non-experts: comparing images from field guides.
|
Accurate species identification is fundamental when recording ecological data. However, the ability to correctly identify organisms visually is rarely questioned. We investigated how experts and non-experts compared in the identification of bumblebees, a group of insects of considerable conservation concern. Experts and non-experts were asked whether two concurrent bumblebee images depicted the same or two different species. Overall accuracy was below 60% and comparable for experts and non-experts. However, experts were more consistent in their answers when the same images were repeated, and more cautious in committing to a definitive answer. Our findings demonstrate the difficulty of correctly identifying bumblebees using images from field guides. Such error rates need to be accounted for when interpreting species data, whether or not they have been collected by experts. We suggest that investigation of how experts and non-experts make observations should be incorporated into study design, and could be used to improve training in species identification.
|
['Animals', 'Bees', 'Professional Competence', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 27,644,140
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['I02.399.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ripple phase in asymmetric unilamellar bilayers with saturated and unsaturated phospholipids.
|
In a solution of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), unilamellar bilayers with saturated phosphatidylcholines in one leaflet and negatively charged, unsaturated phospholipids in the other leaflet were observed in the ripple phase at room temperature using atomic force microscopy (AFM). This is the first observation of the ripple phase in asymmetric bilayers. Sodium and phosphate, components of PBS, were found to be necessary for the formation of the ripple structure in the asymmetric bilayers composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG), demonstrating a dependency for specific ions for this phase. These results indicate that the two leaflets of a bilayer are closely coupled to give rise to such a long range and complicated morphology.
|
['Ions', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Phospholipids']
| 7,547,997
|
[['D01.248.497'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['D10.570.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association of Mild to Moderate Aortic Valve Stenosis Progression With Higher Lipoprotein(a) and Oxidized Phospholipid Levels: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
|
Importance: Several studies have reported an association of levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and the content of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B (OxPL-apoB) and apolipoprotein(a) (OxPL-apo[a]) with faster calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) progression. However, whether this association is threshold or linear remains unclear.Objective: To determine whether the plasma levels of Lp(a), OxPL-apoB, and OxPL-apo(a) have a linear association with a faster rate of CAVS progression.Design, Setting, and Participants: This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial tested the association of baseline plasma levels of Lp(a), OxPL-apoB, and OxPL-apo(a) with the rate of CAVS progression. Participants were included from the ASTRONOMER (Effects of Rosuvastatin on Aortic Stenosis Progression) trial, a multicenter study conducted in 23 Canadian sites designed to test the effect of statin therapy (median follow-up, 3.5 years [interquartile range, 2.9-4.5 years]). Patients with mild to moderate CAVS defined by peak aortic jet velocity ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 m/s were recruited; those with peak aortic jet velocity of less than 2.5 m/s or with an indication for statin therapy were excluded. Data were collected from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2005, and underwent ad hoc analysis from April 1 through September 1, 2018.Interventions: After the randomization process, patients were followed up by means of echocardiography for 3 to 5 years.Main Outcomes and Measures: Progression rate of CAVS as assessed by annualized progression of peak aortic jet velocity.Results: In this cohort of 220 patients (60.0% male; mean [SD] age, 58 [13] years), a linear association was found between plasma levels of Lp(a) (odds ratio [OR] per 10-mg/dL increase, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19; P = .006), OxPL-apoB (OR per 1-nM increase, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = .02), and OxPL-apo(a) (OR per 10-nM increase, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27; P = .002) and faster CAVS progression, which is marked in younger patients (OR for Lp[a] level per 10-mg/dL increase, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.07-1.33; P = .002]; OR for OxPL-apoB level per 1-nM increase, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.17; P = .01]; and OR for OxPL-apo[a] level per 10-nM increase, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.10-1.45; P = .001]) and remained statistically significant after comprehensive multivariable adjustment (â coefficient, ? 0.25; SE, ? 0.004 [P ? .005]; OR, ?1.10 [P ? .007]).Conclusions and Relevance: This study demonstrates that the association of Lp(a) levels and its content in OxPL with faster CAVS progression is linear, reinforcing the concept that Lp(a) levels should be measured in patients with mild to moderate CAVS to enhance management and risk stratification.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00800800.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Disease Progression', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phospholipids', 'Risk Factors', 'Rosuvastatin Calcium', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']
| 30,476,957
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['D23.101'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.350', 'D12.776.521.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D10.570.755'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.065.884.650', 'D02.455.526.510.432.500', 'D02.886.590.700.650', 'D03.383.742.775'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetic study on piroxicam at the steady-state in elderly subjects and younger adults after administration of piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin.
|
The age effect on the kinetics of piroxicam at the steady-state after oral administration of piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin was evaluated. The mean plasma concentration of piroxicam at the steady-state was significantly higher in elderly subjects (9.30 +/- 0.69 micrograms/ml mean +/- s.e.) than in younger adults (6.24 +/- 0.58 micrograms/ml mean +/- s.e.). Even though the distribution volume tended to be lower in elderly subjects (106.37 ml/kg), it did not show substantial differences in the two groups whereas the correlation between clearance and age was significant (p less than 0.05). It is therefore confirmed that piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin has the same pharmacokinetic behaviour at the steady-state in elderly subjects, as the active principle in a non-complexed form.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Cyclodextrins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Piroxicam', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 3,403,105
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.886.665.500', 'D03.383.855.500'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for evolutionary stasis and genetic drift by genetic analysis of two equine influenza H3 viruses isolated in France.
|
The amino acid sequences of the HA(1) portion of the haemagglutinin of two equine A(H3N8) influenza viruses isolated in France in 1993 and 1998 were analysed to determine their evolutionary relationship with 51 other HA(1) amino acid sequences available in databanks. Our data show that the French strain isolated in 1993 belongs to a group of phylogenetically related viruses branched on the main trunk, illustrating the main lineage of evolution of the equine-2 H3 sequences before its split into two distinct lineages in the late 1980s. By contrast, the 1998 French isolate appears to belong to the more recent 'Eurasian' lineage. These data suggest that equine-2 strains antigenically related to old prototype viruses may cocirculate with the more recent 'Eurasian' and 'American' lineages. In conclusion, it may be necessary to include both strains representative of recent equine influenza variants and an older prototype strain in the current equine influenza vaccines.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'France', 'Gene Frequency', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Influenza A virus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Viral']
| 10,799,778
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G05.330'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345.500'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Synthetic aperture-based beam compression for intravascular ultrasound imaging.
|
In this paper, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images acquired with a 64-element array transducer using a multistatic acquisition scheme are presented. The images are reconstructed from a collection of pulse-echo measurements using a synthetic aperture array imaging technique. The main limitations of IVUS imaging are a poor lateral resolution and elevated grating lobes caused by the imaging geometry. We propose a Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT), which uses a limited number of A-scan signals. The focusing process, which is performed in the Fourier domain, requires far less computation time than conventional delay-and-sum methods. Two different reconstruction kernel functions have been derived and are compared for the processing of experimental data.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Humans', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Transducers', 'Ultrasonography']
| 11,367,787
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E07.671'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E07.305.812'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impaired IL-10 transcription and release in animal models of Gaucher disease macrophages.
|
A number of studies have shown altered cytokine levels in serum from Gaucher disease patients, including changes in levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, the source of IL-10, or the mechanisms leading to changes in IL-10 serum levels are not known. We now show that mouse macrophages treated with an active site-directed inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, or macrophages from a mouse model of Gaucher disease, the L444P mouse, release significantly less IL-10 than their untreated counterparts, but that TNFalpha release is unaffected. These changes are due to reduced transcription of IL-10 mRNA in macrophages. The reduction in IL-10 secretion observed in animal models of Gaucher disease macrophages may be of relevance to explain the increase in inflammation that is often observed in Gaucher disease.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gaucher Disease', 'Glucosylceramidase', 'Inositol', 'Interleukin-10', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 19,380,242
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.400', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.400', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.441', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.400', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.400', 'C18.452.584.687.803.441', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.400', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.441', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.400'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.412'], ['D02.033.800.519', 'D09.853.519'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recording of electroencephalograms and electrocardiograms during daytime sleep in trained canines: preparation of the sleeping dogs.
|
Although respiration in trained canines is well investigated, the process of preparing dogs has not been described in any great detail. Moreover, their daytime patterns of sleep and wakefulness during 1 or 2 h of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings are not clear. Therefore, we describe the process of selecting and training dogs, in which we recorded EEG and ECG in the laboratory. First, 14 of 1242 dogs dealt with over a 1 year period were chosen. They were trained for 2 h to lie quietly and to sleep in the laboratory; this training procedure was repeated 152 times. Three dogs were then selected and a permanent tracheostomy was performed in one. Finally, EEG and ECG were recorded with the bipolar fine needle electrodes; respiration was recorded simultaneously through a tube inserted to a tracheostomy in one dog. Wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (REMS) were identified according to the EEG pattern and on the basis of the behavioral criteria. Recordings were performed 12 or 13 times in each dog. Complete sleep cycles, including wakefulness, SWS and REMS in this sequence, were observed 3.9-4.1 times. The mean duration of SWS was 2.2-4.4 min and that of REMS was 3.5-4.6 min. The REMS latency was 33.9-41.8 min. Fluctuation of heart rate with respiration, termed respiratory sinus arrhythmia, was noted in the ECG. Heart beat increased with inspiration and decreased with expiration. The present study demonstrates how to select and train sleeping dogs and shows their undisturbed daytime sleep and wakefulness patterns.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Dogs', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrodes', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Male', 'Polysomnography', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values', 'Sleep Stages', 'Sleep, REM', 'Wakefulness']
| 9,316,171
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.978.810'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Central pancreatectomy: a technique for the resection of pancreatic neck lesions.
|
HYPOTHESIS: Central pancreatectomy has been used sparingly because the spectrum of indications is quite narrow. Although historically used for traumatic pancreatic transection and chronic pancreatitis, it currently is reserved for selective management of pancreatic neck lesions that are benign or have low malignant potential. Varying morbidity rates have been published in the literature. Our objectives were to describe the technique and determine the safety and effectiveness of central pancreatectomy in the excision of benign or low-malignant potential lesions of the pancreatic neck.DESIGN: Retrospective clinicopathologic data review.SETTING: The Mayo Clinic surgical index was used to identify procedures matched for central, median, middle, or middle segment pancreatectomy.PATIENTS: Eight patients (4 men, 4 women) underwent central pancreatectomy between 1998 and 2004.INTERVENTION: Patients with pancreatic neck or proximal body masses underwent central pancreatectomy at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were followed up closely for postoperative complications during the initial hospital admission. On follow-up, long-term endocrine and exocrine function were determined based on laboratory values and patient history.RESULTS: Abnormalities included 3 islet cell tumors, 2 serous cystadenomas, a mucinous cystadenoma, a lymphoepithelial cyst, and a recurrent liposarcoma. Mean tumor size was 2.8 cm and mean operative time was 4.8 hours with a mean blood loss of 381 mL. The most common complication was pancreatic leak (5 patients [63%]). Reoperation was necessary in 2 patients (25%), both secondary to hemorrhage. There was no mortality or new-onset diabetes mellitus. One patient transiently required oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation.CONCLUSIONS: Central pancreatectomy may preserve endocrine and exocrine function. While mortality is low, in our experience, central pancreatectomy is associated with a high complication rate. The most common complication is pancreatic leak. Caution is necessary when using central pancreatectomy in the treatment of pancreatic neck lesions. Surgeon experience is of utmost importance in this decision-making process as well as the technical aspects of central pancreatectomy. The precise role of central pancreatectomy in the management of benign or low-malignant potential lesions of the neck of the pancreas remains in evolution.
|
['Adenoma, Islet Cell', 'Cystadenoma, Serous', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liposarcoma', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Veins', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 16,549,696
|
[['C04.557.470.035.100', 'C04.588.274.761.249', 'C04.588.322.475.249', 'C06.301.761.249', 'C06.689.667.249', 'C19.344.421.249'], ['C04.557.470.035.320.240', 'C04.557.470.590.485.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.550.420', 'C04.557.450.795.465'], ['A07.015.908.670.385'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E04.210.752'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Divergent toxicity of parathion in two freshwater invertebrates, orconectes rusticus and viviparus malleatus.
|
The toxicity of parathion and its metabolite paraoxon was examined in the crayfish Orconectes rusticus and the snail Viviparus malleatus and attempts were made to relate this to parathion uptake and metabolism. The crayfish was found to be very susceptible with all animals tested dying at 0.1 ppb of parathion in 48 hours. The snail was resistant to exposure to 1000 ppm. The absence of lethality even to injected (50 mg/kg) parathion and paraoxon suggests an innate lack of susceptibility. Metabolism of the compounds could not be detected in vitro or in vivo in either species.
|
['Animals', 'Astacoidea', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Paraoxon', 'Parathion', 'Snails']
| 512,294
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Breast cancer diagnosis with a microwave thermoacoustic imaging technique-a numerical approach.
|
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MITAI) is an imaging technique with great potential for detecting breast cancer at early stages. Thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) combines the advantages of both microwave and ultrasound imaging techniques. In the current study, a three-dimensional novel numerical simulation of TAI phenomenon as a multi-physics problem is investigated. In the computational domain, a biological breast tissue including three different tissue types along with a tumor is placed in a tank containing castor oil and is irradiated by a 2.45-GHz pulsed microwave source from a rectangular waveguide. The generated heat in the biological tissue due to the electromagnetic wave irradiation and its corresponding pressure gradient in the tissue because of the temperature variations are evaluated. Also, capability of the MITAI process with respect to the tumor location and size is investigated. To identify the required power level needed for producing thermoacoustic signals, different power levels of microwave sources are investigated. The study's results demonstrate a minuscule increase in temperature as a result of the absorption of pulsed microwave energy (for example, a maximum of 0.002472 °C temperature increase in tumor with 1 cm diameter which is located in fatty tissue of breast are obtained due to an excitation pulse of 1000 W, 1 ms). This small temperature variation in the tumor produces several kilopascals of pressure variations with maximum of 0.584016 kPa in tumor. This pressure variation will produce acoustic signals, which can be detected with an array of transducers and be used for image construction. Results demonstrate that the location of tumor in breast plays a vital role on the detecting performance of MITAI. Also, it is shown that very small tumors (with the diameter of 0.5 cm) can also be detected using MITAI technique. These simulations and procedures can be used for determining the amount of produced pressure variation, the acoustic pressure magnitude, and other complicated geometries. Graphical abstract A schematic of the thermoacoustic phenomenon.
|
['Acoustics', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Electromagnetic Phenomena', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammary Glands, Human', 'Microwaves', 'Models, Biological', 'Temperature', 'Thermography']
| 30,919,269
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G01.358.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.236.249', 'A10.336.532'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E01.370.350.800', 'E05.933.500']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fathers' Stress in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
|
BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) tend to focus attention on the mothers and the newborn infants. Thus, fathers may find it difficult to establish an optimal father-child relationship and their stress may increase and persist during hospitalization.PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of a more father-friendly NICU on paternal stress and their participation in childcare.METHODS: A quasiexperimental design was conducted on Danish-speaking fathers of newborn infants 28 or more weeks' gestational age. The Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU) was used to measure paternal perceptions of stressors. Paternal participation in childcare was measured using 7 additional items. The questionnaires were distributed on admission to the NICU, at the 14th day of hospitalization, and at the time of discharge. The primary outcome was the difference in the PSS:NICU overall stress score on admission to the NICU and at the time of discharge in the control group compared with the intervention group.RESULTS: A total of 109 fathers were included. The overall PSS:NICU stress score increased after the intervention. Paternal involvement, staff expectations, and the social expectation to fulfill the traditional role of a breadwinner and additionally of a caregiver may have caused increased stress.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Healthcare professionals must be aware of the father's need to be an equal coparent. Nurses, as key persons, should motivate and expect fathers to be involved, and support them to establish a father-child relationship, although they might become more stressed.IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: More adequate outcome measures are needed to determine the effect of interventions on paternal stress.
|
['Denmark', 'Father-Child Relations', 'Fathers', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Male', 'Program Evaluation', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,746,269
|
[['Z01.542.816.124'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.110'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.100', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.210', 'M01.620.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
|
AIMS: Metformin is first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Target tissue for metformin action is thought to be the liver, where metformin distribution depends on facilitated transport by polyspecific transmembrane organic cation transporters (OCTs). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the western world with strong associations to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, but whether NAFLD affects metformin biodistribution to the liver is not known. In this study, the primary aim was to investigate in vivo hepatic uptake of metformin dynamically in humans with variable degrees of liver affection. As a secondary aim, we wished to correlate hepatic metformin distribution with OCT gene transcription determined in diagnostic liver biopsies.METHODS: Eighteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were investigated using 11C-metformin PET/CT technique. Gene transcripts of OCTs were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: We observed similar hepatic volume of distribution of metformin between patients with simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (Vd 2.38 ± 0.56 vs. 2.10 ± 0.39, P = 0.3). There was no association between hepatic exposure to metformin and the degree of inflammation or fibrosis, and no clear correlation between metformin distribution and OCT gene transcription.CONCLUSION: Metformin is distributed to the liver in patients with NAFLD and the distribution is not impaired by inflammation or fibrosis. The findings imply that metformin action in liver in patients with NAFLD may be preserved.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Metformin', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Organic Cation Transport Proteins', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 30,973,968
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.078.370.141.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel population of cells in the peripheral blood of a cow with a neurofibrosarcoma.
|
An unusual population of leukocytes was observed in the peripheral blood of a cow with a large tumor burden, using flow microfluorimetry. This new population accounted for 50% of the total cells in the peripheral blood of this animal. These cells expressed the p150,95 molecule (bovine CD11c equivalent), identified by the monoclonal antibody C5B6, a molecule found on myeloid cells and activated lymphocytes. The new population did not express the pan T molecules BoCD2 (the bovine T11 equivalent), BoCD5 (the bovine CD5 equivalent) or surface IgM. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells maintained in bulk culture were able to kill autologous tumor cells and BHV-1 infected A549 in an NK-like assay. In vitro cytotoxicity by cells cultured from the peripheral blood of this animal was augmented 2- to 4-fold by the addition of IL-2.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Integrin alphaXbeta2', 'Leukocytes', 'Mesentery', 'Neurofibroma', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms']
| 2,251,765
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['G12.287'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.275', 'D12.776.543.550.200.275', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.100', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.249', 'D23.050.301.350.275'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.451'], ['C04.557.580.600.580', 'C10.551.775.500.750', 'C10.668.829.725.500.600'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of depression, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders during the perinatal period: A systematic review.
|
Women with psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period (i.e., perinatal period) are at increased risk for adverse maternal and child outcomes. Effective treatment of psychiatric disorders during the perinatal period is imperative. This review summarizes the outcomes of 78 studies focused on the treatment of depression, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders during the perinatal period. The majority of studies focused on perinatal depression (n = 73). Of the five studies focused on anxiety or trauma-related disorders, only one was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The most studied treatment was cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 22), followed by interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT; n = 13). Other interventions reviewed include other talk therapies (n = 5), collaborative care models (n = 2), complementary and alternative medicine approaches (n = 18), light therapy (n = 3), brain stimulation (n = 2), and psychopharmacological interventions (n = 13). Eleven studies focused specifically on treatment for low-income and/or minority women. Both CBT and IPT demonstrated a significant benefit over control conditions. However, findings were mixed when these interventions were examined in low-income and/or minority samples. There is some support for complementary and alternative medicine approaches (e.g., exercise). Although scarce, SSRIs demonstrated good efficacy when compared to a placebo. However, SSRIs did not outperform another active treatment condition (e.g., CBT). There is a tremendous need for more studies focused on treatment of perinatal anxiety and trauma-related disorders, as well as psychopharmacological effectiveness studies. Limitations and future directions of perinatal treatment research, particularly among low-income and/or minority populations, are discussed.
|
['Anxiety Disorders', 'Complementary Therapies', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Psychotherapy', 'Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders']
| 29,935,979
|
[['F03.080'], ['E02.190'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['F04.754'], ['F03.950']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. 28. Preparation and biological activity of 3-(substituted)vinyl cephalosporins.
|
3-(Substituted)vinylcephem nuclei have been prepared by the reaction of 3-formylcephem derivatives with stabilized phosphoranes. Appropriate synthetic steps allowed preparation of a series of 3-ethoxycarbonylvinyl- and 3-carboxyvinylcephem derivatives bearing a variety of 7-acylamino functions. The phenoxyacetyl and thiopheneacetyl derivatives of the 3-cyanovinylcephem nucleus were also prepared. Although general gram-positive activity was comparable to cephalothin in many cases, against penicillin G resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the new cephalosporins were of low effectiveness. The 3-(substituted)vinyl cephalosporins had good activity against a number of gram-negative organisms. In some cases, this activity was excellent. The N-acetyl analogs had surprisingly good activity relative to N-acetyl-7-ACA. The phenylmalonoyl side-chain derivatives were shown to have an unusual antibacterial spectrum expansion (relative to previously known cephalosporins) to include activity against Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Cephalosporins', 'Enterobacter', 'Escherichia coli', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Salmonella', 'Sarcina', 'Serratia marcescens', 'Shigella', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Vinyl Compounds']
| 808,607
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['B03.440.450.425.275', 'B03.660.250.150.170'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['B03.353.625.375.750', 'B03.510.400.750'], ['B03.440.450.425.814.664', 'B03.660.250.150.720.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.850', 'B03.660.250.150.730'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.455.326.271.884']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Renal and cardiorespiratory effects of treatment with lactated Ringer's solution or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in cats with experimentally induced urethral obstruction.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the renal and cardiorespiratory effects of IV treatment with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (PSS) in severely decompensated cats with urethral obstruction (UO).ANIMALS: 14 cats (4 cats were used only to establish infusion rates).PROCEDURES: An occluded urethral catheter was used to induce UO in each cat. After development of severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and postrenal azotemia, the obstruction was relieved (0 hours); LRS or PSS (5 cats/group) was administered IV (gradually decreasing rate) beginning 15 minutes before and continuing for 48 hours after UO relief. Ten minutes before urethral catheter placement (baseline), at start of fluid therapy (SFT), and at intervals during fluid administration, various physical and clinicopathologic evaluations were performed.RESULTS: Metabolic acidosis was detected in the PSS-treated group at SFT and 2 hours after relief of UO and in the LRS-treated group only at SFT The PSS-treated group had significantly lower blood pH and bicarbonate concentrations at 8 through 48 hours and lower base excess values at 2 through 48 hours, compared with the LRS-treated group. Hypocalcemia and hypernatremia were detected in the PSS-treated group at 2 and 12 hours, respectively. Absolute serum potassium and chloride concentrations did not differ significantly between groups at any time point.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with LRS or PSS appeared to be safe and effective in cats with experimentally induced UO; however, LRS was more efficient in restoring the acid-base and electrolyte balance in severely decompensated cats with UO.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Diuresis', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Heart Rate', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Orchiectomy', "Ringer's Lactate", 'Serum Albumin', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Urethral Obstruction']
| 20,594,088
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['G08.852.179'], ['E02.319.360'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D26.776.498'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['D26.776.498.500.500'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['C12.777.767.700', 'C13.351.968.767.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tooth preparation.
|
This final article in the series describes the modification of teeth to improve their shape for the support and retention of RPDs.
|
['Denture, Partial, Removable', 'Humans', 'Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic']
| 11,325,154
|
[['E06.780.346.760.943.413', 'E07.695.190.200.220.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E06.931.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of human unfertilized oocytes and pronuclear zygotes--correlation between chromosome/chromatin status and patient-related factors.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the relationship between ploidy and chromatin status of human unfertilized oocytes/zygotes and infertility history, female age, and stimulation regimens.STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred and eighty-nine unfertilized oocytes and 63 zygotes were subjected to cytogenetic analysis: karyotyping for oocytes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for zygotes. Ploidy and chromosome/chromatin status were analyzed according to stimulation regimen, female age, and infertility history. The correlation coefficient was estimated and data were interpreted using a five-grade scale.RESULTS: Aneuploidy in karyotyped oocytes (19.7% hyperhaploidy, 18.8% hypohaploidy, and 6.3% haploid abnormal) was associated with chromosome fragmentation and lesions due to chromosome aging in culture. Premature chromosome condensation and cytoskeletal defects were significantly higher in unexplained infertility (34.7% and 52.9%, respectively; p<0.05). Chromatin quality was most important for successful ploidy analysis of zygotes. FISH analysis of abnormal zygotes elucidated genetic aspects of pronuclear number aberrations and raised questions about the current selection criteria. Abnormalities were found to correlate moderately with stimulation strategy and female age and significantly with infertility history.CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis of human oocytes and zygotes showed that poor chromatin quality and patient-related factors contribute to aneuploidy and pronuclear number aberrations.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aneuploidy', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Chromatin', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Oocytes', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Spectral Karyotyping', 'Zygote']
| 16,650,520
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315.800', 'E05.200.500.385.315.800', 'E05.242.385.315.800', 'E05.393.285.350.125.800', 'E05.393.285.475.800', 'E05.393.661.475.350.125.800'], ['A05.360.490.690.970', 'A11.497.497.950', 'A16.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Morphological, microstereological and immunohistoenzymological studies of the jejuni of infants with recurrent constructive bronchitis and chronic diarrhea due to cow's milk protein allergy].
|
Morphological, microstereological and immunohistoenzymatic technique were used to assess jejunal biopsy samples obtained from 17 infants suffering from chronic diarrhoea and bronchitis spastica (the study group), and 5 infants with chronic diarrhoea and weight deficiency (group G). In the first group, histopathological studies revealed a small degree of villous atrophy (II degree) in 12/17 of cases, and in 5/17, a moderate atrophy (III degree). The microstereological technique disclosed infiltration of the submucosa which was significantly more marked in the study group as compared with group G (p < 0.05). Positive immunohistoenzymatic reactions in mononuclear cells of the submucosa infiltration were observed in all cases, but was more distinct in the first group. The results of the study show jejunal biopsy to be helpful in confirming the allergic etiology of the disease in the study group.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchitis', 'Chronic Disease', 'Connective Tissue', 'Diarrhea', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Jejunum', 'Lymphocytes', 'Milk', 'Milk Hypersensitivity', 'Milk Proteins']
| 8,710,421
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.748.099', 'C08.127.446', 'C08.381.495.146', 'C08.730.099'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A10.165'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['C20.543.480.370.500'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The penultimate arginine of the carboxyl terminus determines slow desensitization in a P2X receptor from the cattle tick Boophilus microplus.
|
P2X ion channels have been functionally characterized from a range of eukaryotes. Although these receptors can be broadly classified into fast and slow desensitizing, the molecular mechanisms underlying current desensitization are not fully understood. Here, we describe the characterization of a P2X receptor from the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (BmP2X) displaying extremely slow current kinetics, little desensitization during ATP application, and marked rundown in current amplitude between sequential responses. ATP (EC(50), 67.1 ìM) evoked concentration-dependent currents at BmP2X that were antagonized by suramin (IC(50), 4.8 ìM) and potentiated by the antiparasitic drug amitraz. Ivermectin did not potentiate BmP2X currents, but the mutation M362L conferred ivermectin sensitivity. To investigate the mechanisms underlying slow desensitization we generated intracellular domain chimeras between BmP2X and the rapidly desensitizing P2X receptor from Hypsibius dujardini. Exchange of N or C termini between these fast- and slow-desensitizing receptors altered the rate of current desensitization toward that of the donor channel. Truncation of the BmP2X C terminus identified the penultimate residue (Arg413) as important for slow desensitization. Removal of positive charge at this position in the mutant R413A resulted in significantly faster desensitization, which was further accentuated by the negatively charged substitution R413D. R413A and R413D, however, still displayed current rundown to sequential ATP application. Mutation to a positive charge (R413K) reconstituted the wild-type phenotype. This study identifies a new determinant of P2X desensitization where positive charge at the end of the C terminal regulates current flow and further demonstrates that rundown and desensitization are governed by distinct mechanisms.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Cattle', 'Female', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2X', 'Ticks', 'Time Factors', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 21,212,138
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.750', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.600', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.600', 'D12.776.543.750.695.700.720.250', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse macrophages by bacterial amphiphiles.
|
The relative activities of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from four Gram-positive bacteria were compared to different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations for activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Total eicosanoid was determined in cultures labeled with [3H]-arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were determined by EIA analysis. The relative potencies of the different preparations were: smooth LPS from Salmonella abortus > or = Re-LPS from Salmonella minnesota (R-595) > or = LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes approximately Streptococcus faecalis approximately Staphylococcus aureus > or = monophosphoryl lipid A derived from the Re-LPS >> LTA from Bacillus subtilis. Activation of eicosanoid release was inhibited by staurosporin for all of the amphiphiles tested. Treatment of the macrophage cultures with LTA from S. pyogenes, S. faecalis, and S. aureus, either in the presence or absence of indomethacin, desensitized the cells to eicosanoid release on subsequent challenge with LPS. The desensitized cells remained responsive to the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria has immunostimulatory and endotoxic activities which result, in part, from the release of eicosanoids and other mediators from activated macrophages. The similarities in the patterns of cell activation by LPS and LTA suggest that lipoteichoic acids might contribute to the pathogenicities of Gram-positive bacteria.
|
['Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography', 'Eicosanoids', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Salmonella', 'Sepharose', 'Streptomyces', 'Teichoic Acids', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 7,996,048
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.181'], ['D10.251.355.255', 'D23.469.050.175'], ['B03.510'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['D09.698.813'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768'], ['D09.408.872', 'D09.698.718.825', 'D09.894.847', 'D23.050.161.616.797'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphologic variations and aging in the atrioventricular conduction system of large breed dogs.
|
The microscopic anatomy of the atrioventricular node, bundle of His, both bundle branches and surrounding fibrous cardiac skeleton was studied in 40 large breed dogs of various ages. In the AV conduction system of all dogs over five years of age there was an increase of fibrous connective tissue, an infiltration of adipose tissue, loss of conduction fibers and focal fibrosis extending from the central fibrous body. Fibrosis was seen in the summit of the interventricular septum posterior to the AV node in dogs of all ages. Chondroid metaplasia was consistently observed in the central fibrous body and the root of the aorta in large breed dogs, including ten Doberman Pinschers of all ages. This metaplasia varied from a few chondroblasts and chondrocytes to mature chondrocytes with mineralization. Bone formation was seen in eight dogs. These changes appeared in close approximation to the cardiac conduction system above the bundle of His. No degenerative changes were seen in the AV bundle. Approximately one-half of the large breed dogs five years of age and older had thickened medial and intima proliferation in the small coronary arterioles supplying the AV node. The results of this study suggest that the presence of cartilage and bone in the central fibrous body is a normal occurrence in large breed dogs at all ages.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Atrioventricular Node', 'Dogs', 'Heart', 'Heart Conduction System']
| 426,312
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PapX, a P fimbrial operon-encoded inhibitor of motility in uropathogenic Escherichia coli.
|
Motility and adherence are two integral aspects of bacterial pathogenesis. Adherence, often mediated by fimbriae, permits bacteria to attach to host cells and establish infection, whereas flagellum-driven motility allows bacteria to disseminate to sites more advantageous for colonization. Both fimbriae and flagella have been proven important for virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Reciprocal regulation is one mechanism by which bacteria may reconcile the contradictory actions of adherence and motility. PapX, a P fimbrial gene product of UPEC strain CFT073, is a functional homolog of MrpJ of Proteus mirabilis; ectopic expression of papX in P. mirabilis reduces motility. To define the connection between P fimbria expression and motility in UPEC, the role of papX in the regulation of motility of strain CFT073 was examined. Overexpression of papX decreased motility of CFT073, which correlated with both a significant reduction in flagellin protein synthesized and flagella assembled on the cell surface. Conversely, an increase in motility and flagellin production was seen in an isogenic papX deletion mutant of CFT073. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that repression of motility of CFT073 by PapX appears to occur at the transcriptional level; expression of many motility-associated genes, including flhDC, the master regulator of motility, is decreased when papX is overexpressed. Transcription of motility genes is increased in the papX mutant compared to wild type. Electrophoretic mobility gel shift analysis revealed that PapX binds to the flhD promoter. We conclude that synthesis of P fimbriae regulates flagellum synthesis to repress motility via PapX.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Fimbriae Proteins', 'Fimbriae, Bacterial', 'Flagella', 'Flagellin', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Mice', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Operon', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 18,710,869
|
[['B01.050'], ['G06.099.050'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D12.776.097.120.425', 'D12.776.543.100.300'], ['A11.284.180.285', 'A20.843'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['D12.776.097.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[AIDS, activism, and the regulation of clinical trials in Brazil: Protocol 028].
|
This paper examines the politics and practices of drug evaluation in Brazil. It traces the history of AIDS activists' influence on the organization of modern clinical trials and their scientific rationale. Using the Merck indinavir trial as a case study, the authors discuss how organized civil society has developed strategies to intervene in the course of drug evaluation trials, shaping them according to its own interests. Adopting translation sociology as the theoretical framework, the paper describes and analyzes the strategies used by activists from "Grupo PelaVidda/SP" (an AIDS NGO) to build a consensus concerning indinavir monotherapy's lack of efficacy. The study considers the several regulatory forums involved in dealing with the controversy during the trial period.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Brazil', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Community Participation', 'Conflict of Interest', 'Drug Approval', 'Ethics, Professional', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Indinavir', 'Legislation, Drug']
| 11,514,867
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['K01.752.566.479.095', 'N05.350.225'], ['E05.290.250', 'E05.337.300', 'I01.880.604.605.250.250'], ['K01.752.566.479.171', 'N05.350.340'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.725.385'], ['I01.880.604.605', 'N03.706.615.402']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
In vitro folding and thermodynamic stability of an antibody fragment selected in vivo for high expression levels in Escherichia coli cytoplasm.
|
We recently isolated a mutant of a human anti-beta-galactosidase single chain antibody fragment (scFv) able to fold at high levels in Escherichia coli cytoplasm. When targeted to the periplasm, this mutant and the wild-type scFv are both expressed at comparable levels in a soluble, active and oxidized form. If a reducing agent is added to the growth medium, only the mutant scFv is still able to fold, showing that in vivo aggregation is a direct consequence of the lack of disulphide bond formation and not of the cellular localization. In vitro denaturation/renaturation experiments show that the mutant protein is more stable than the wild-type scFv. Furthermore, refolding kinetics under reducing conditions show that the mutant folds faster than the wild-type protein. Aggregation does not proceed from the native or unfolded conformation of the protein, but from a species only present during the unfolding/refolding transition. In conclusion, the in vivo properties of the mutant scFv can be explained by, first, an increase in the stability of the protein in order to tolerate the removal of the two disulphide bonds and, second, a modification of its folding properties that reduces the kinetic competition between folding and aggregation of a reduced folding intermediate.
|
['Cytoplasm', 'Disulfides', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Fragments', 'Kinetics', 'Mutation', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Periplasm', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Renaturation', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Solubility', 'Thermodynamics', 'Urea']
| 10,525,415
|
[['A11.284.430.214'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['A11.284.295.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['G01.154.651.501.500', 'G02.111.688.501.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.906'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Challenge of pigs with classical swine fever viruses after C-strain vaccination reveals remarkably rapid protection and insights into early immunity.
|
Pre-emptive culling is becoming increasingly questioned as a means of controlling animal diseases, including classical swine fever (CSF). This has prompted discussions on the use of emergency vaccination to control future CSF outbreaks in domestic pigs. Despite a long history of safe use in endemic areas, there is a paucity of data on aspects important to emergency strategies, such as how rapidly CSFV vaccines would protect against transmission, and if this protection is equivalent for all viral genotypes, including highly divergent genotype 3 strains. To evaluate these questions, pigs were vaccinated with the Riemser® C-strain vaccine at 1, 3 and 5 days prior to challenge with genotype 2.1 and 3.3 challenge strains. The vaccine provided equivalent protection against clinical disease caused by for the two challenge strains and, as expected, protection was complete at 5 days post-vaccination. Substantial protection was achieved after 3 days, which was sufficient to prevent transmission of the 3.3 strain to animals in direct contact. Even by one day post-vaccination approximately half the animals were partially protected, and were able to control the infection, indicating that a reduction of the infectious potential is achieved very rapidly after vaccination. There was a close temporal correlation between T cell IFN-ã responses and protection. Interestingly, compared to responses of animals challenged 5 days after vaccination, challenge of animals 3 or 1 days post-vaccination resulted in impaired vaccine-induced T cell responses. This, together with the failure to detect a T cell IFN-ã response in unprotected and unvaccinated animals, indicates that virulent CSFV can inhibit the potent antiviral host defences primed by C-strain in the early period post vaccination.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Classical Swine Fever', 'Classical Swine Fever Virus', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Male', 'Swine', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Time Factors', 'Vaccination']
| 22,235,283
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.200', 'C22.905.170'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.125'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protein-hydrocarbon interactions. Interactions of various proteins with decane in the presence of alcohols.
|
1. Solutions of proteins were subjected to gentle agitation in the presence of small quantities of decane containing different alcohols. 2. Some of the protein was lost from solution and adsorbed on the surface of the emulsion formed; at the same time some decane was bound to the protein remaining in solution. 3. Comparison of these results with those obtained with pure decane suggests that a mixed film of protein+alcohol is formed on the surface of the emulsion. 4. If the concentration of alcohol in decane is increased the amount of protein adsorbed on the emulsion is decreased. This phenomenon was used to compare the effect of different alcohols in disrupting the hydrophobic interactions between proteins and hydrocarbons.
|
['Adsorption', 'Alcohols', 'Alkanes', 'Animals', 'Buffers', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Cattle', 'Emulsions', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Muramidase', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteins', 'Ribonucleases', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Surface Properties', 'Vibration']
| 5,463,329
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D02.033'], ['D02.455.326.146'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['G02.300'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of partial unfolding and aggregation of human stefin B (cystatin B) EPM1 mutants G50E and Q71P on selective cleavages by cathepsins B and S.
|
Human stefins and cystatins are physiologically important cysteine proteinase inhibitors, acting as a first line of defense against undesirable proteolysis. Mutations in the cystatin B gene cause a rare form of epilepsy EPM1. Its two missense mutants, G50E and Q71P, lack the inhibitory activity and are partially unfolded, which leads to changes in their aggregation behavior, both in vitro and in the cell. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used to follow the hydrolysis of human stefin B wild type, G50E and Q71P, by cathepsins B and S in vitro. Cathepsin S was found to degrade both mutants, with Q71P being degraded faster. This correlates with the openness of the protein structure, Q71P having more exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Cathepsin B acted more selectively, degrading G50E into smaller fragments, while still leaving a portion of the full-length protein intact. Q71P was cleaved only at the exposed N-terminal end. The co-localization of stefin B wild type and EPM1 mutants with cathepsins showed that cathepsins accumulate around the aggregates formed by the EPM1 mutants. We hypothesize that the aggregation of both full-length mutants prevents the cathepsin molecule from accessing the substrate protein's core, whereas the cleaved fragments would be expected to aggregate stronger.
|
['Cathepsin B', 'Cathepsins', 'Cystatin B', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Mutant Proteins', 'Protein Stability', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Protein Unfolding', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome']
| 23,362,198
|
[['D08.811.277.656.224.125', 'D08.811.277.656.262.500.133', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.133'], ['D08.811.277.656.224'], ['D12.776.215.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.602'], ['G02.111.700'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['G01.154.651.750', 'G02.111.688.750'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.130.650.900', 'C10.228.140.490.493.063.650.900', 'C10.574.500.875', 'C16.320.400.940']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer (SPANC): design and methods of a three-year prospective cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer is increasing in men who have sex with men (MSM). Screening for the presumed cancer precursor, high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in a manner analogous to cervical cancer screening has been proposed. Uncertainty remains regarding anal HPV natural history and the role of anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) as screening tests. Well-designed cohort studies are required to address these issues.METHODS/DESIGN: The SPANC study is a prospective study of the epidemiology of low-risk and high-risk anal HPV infection and related cytological and histological abnormalities in HIV-negative and HIV-positive homosexual men aged 35 years and over. The study aims to recruit 600 men from community-based settings in Sydney, Australia. There are six study visits over three years. At the first five visits men undergo a digital ano-rectal examination (DARE), an anal "Papanicolaou" (Pap) test for HPV detection, genotyping and anal cytology, followed by HRA and directed biopsy of any visible abnormalities. The men also complete a behavioural questionnaire before each visit. Questions include a detailed history of sexual behaviour, of anal symptoms, possible anal cancer risk factors and validated quality of life and psychosocial questions. Questionnaires are also completed 2 weeks and 3 months following the provision of test results and include questions on participant experience during the procedure and post-procedure symptoms, including pain and bleeding in addition to quality of life/ psychosocial outcomes.DISCUSSION: Recruitment for the study began in September 2010 and will conclude in mid-2015, with follow up continuing to 2018. Thus far, over 350 men have been recruited from a variety of community-based settings and are broadly representative of the target screening population. The SPANC study is one of only a small number of cohort studies globally to perform HPV, cytology and HRA screening on all participants over multiple time points. The study results will contribute to understanding of the natural history of anal HPV and inform the possible development of guidelines for implementing anal cancer screening programs in this population.
|
['Adult', 'Anal Canal', 'Anus Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'New South Wales', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Research Design', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 24,107,134
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790.040', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790.040', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790.040', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790.040', 'C06.405.469.860.101.163', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500.040'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E01.390.500'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Computer analysis of single channel current record by extracellular patch clamp].
|
Neher and Sakmann had provided the presence of the channel protein by the direct measurement of single channel current from excitable membrane in 1976. The advantage of this method "patch clamp" is to isolate a small part of membrane and pick up electrical excitability. In order to record single channel current the seal resistance between patch electrode and cell membrane must be at least more than gigaohm. To improve this recording condition enzyme treated cell or culture cell is necessary since fibroblast which attaches to a target cell disturbs gigaseal formation. In this study we use the computer to improve the single channel current recorded by low seal resistance.
|
['Electric Conductivity', 'Humans', 'Ion Channels', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 2,484,972
|
[['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Beta2-glycoprotein I Expression in Lupus Nephritis Patients with Antiphospholipid-associated Nephropathy.
|
OBJECTIVE: Antiphospholipid-associated nephropathy (aPLN) is a severe condition in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). aPLN should be distinguished from other reasons for renal ischemia. The most important cofactor of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), â2-glycoprotein I (â2GPI), was shown in vitro to bind endothelial cells and to induce a procoagulant phenotype. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether â2GPI expression was involved in patients with LN with aPLN and to determine its specificity.METHODS: We retrospectively investigated â2GPI expression in 231 renal biopsy specimens of patients with LN. Data from biopsy reports and clinical information were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for â2GPI expression was performed.RESULTS: Histological aPLN was detected in 88 patients with LN (38.1%). The LN with aPLN consisted of 43 patients (18.6%). Expression of â2GPI was detected in endothelial cells in 14 (32.6%) in renal arteries or arterioles, 11 (25.6%) in glomerular or peritubular capillaries, and a total of 15 (34.9%) of the 43 patients with LN with aPLN. It was mainly expressed in the endothelial cells in patients with LN with aPLN (p < 0.05). The specificity of â2GPI expression in patients with LN with aPLN was 97.5%.CONCLUSION: Expression of â2GPI may be involved in the formation of aPLN in patients with LN. This expression in endothelial cells in kidney tissue may be considered a useful marker for aPLN.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Antiphospholipid', 'Antiphospholipid Syndrome', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Lupus Nephritis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult', 'beta 2-Glycoprotein I']
| 27,633,824
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210'], ['C20.111.197'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.680', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.680', 'C17.300.480.680', 'C20.111.590.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D12.776.124.117', 'D12.776.395.195']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Label-free nanoUPLC-MSE based quantification of antimicrobial peptides from the leaf apoplast of Nicotiana attenuata.
|
BACKGROUND: Overexpressing novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in plants is a promising approach for crop disease resistance engineering. However, the in planta stability and subcellular localization of each AMP should be validated for the respective plant species, which can be challenging due to the small sizes and extreme pI ranges of AMPs which limits the utility of standard proteomic gel-based methods. Despite recent advances in quantitative shotgun proteomics, its potential for AMP analysis has not been utilized and high throughput methods are still lacking.RESULTS: We created transgenic Nicotiana attenuata plants that independently express 10 different AMPs under a constitutive 35S promoter and compared the extracellular accumulation of each AMP using a universal and versatile protein quantification method. We coupled a rapid apoplastic peptide extraction with label-free protein quantification by nanoUPLC-MSE analysis using Hi3 method and identified/quantified 7 of 10 expressed AMPs in the transgenic plants ranging from 37 to 91 amino acids in length. The quantitative comparison among the transgenic plant lines showed that three particular peptides, belonging to the defensin, knottin and lipid-transfer protein families, attained the highest concentrations of 91 to 254 pmol per g leaf fresh mass, which identified them as best suited for ectopic expression in N. attenuata. The chosen mass spectrometric approach proved to be highly sensitive in the detection of different AMP types and exhibited the high level of analytical reproducibility required for label-free quantitative measurements along with a simple protocol required for the sample preparation.CONCLUSIONS: Heterologous expression of AMPs in plants can result in highly variable and non-predictable peptide amounts and we present a universal quantitative method to confirm peptide stability and extracellular deposition. The method allows for the rapid quantification of apoplastic peptides without cumbersome and time-consuming purification or chromatographic steps and can be easily adapted to other plant species.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Tobacco']
| 25,604,123
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['E05.196'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiplex reverse transcription PCR Luminex assay for detection and quantitation of viral agents of gastroenteritis.
|
BACKGROUND: Several viruses can cause diarrheal disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing diagnostic methods include ELISA and nucleic acid amplification, usually performed individually.OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a multiplexed assay for simultaneous detection of major enteric viral pathogens. (2) Quantitation of viral load by normalizing with an extrinsic control.STUDY DESIGN: A simple protocol combining a one-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with microsphere-based fluorescence detection was developed for norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus. An extrinsic control, bacteriophage MS2, was spiked into each fecal sample before nucleic acid extraction to normalize between samples for the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction and amplification.RESULTS: The fluorescent results were quantitative and nearly as sensitive as the corresponding singleplex real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay on analytic samples. Upon testing 229 fecal samples from inpatients with diarrhea in Tanzania the assay yielded between 88% and 100% sensitivity and specificity for all analytes. The difference in fluorescence intensities of MS2 between samples indicated variable extraction efficiency and was used to better refine the viral load of each specimen.CONCLUSIONS: This one-step nucleic acid-based assay enables rapid, sensitive and specific detection of the major viral causes of gastroenteritis. The quantitation yielded by the assay is informative for clinical research particularly in the context of mixed infections.
|
['Adenoviruses, Human', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Humans', 'Microspheres', 'RNA Viruses', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tanzania', 'Viral Load']
| 21,256,076
|
[['B04.280.030.500.350'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['C06.405.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.565'], ['B04.820'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Segmental innervation of rotated and supernumerary axolotl hindlimbs.
|
The segmental nerve supply to axolotl limbs was misrouted by severing the limbs at the level of the femur, rotating them 180 degrees around their long axis, and then suturing them to the intact proximal stump. Following return of the blood supply to the rotated limb by the cross-anastomosing of blood vessels, a blastema often formed to the side of the rotation site giving rise to a supernumerary limb. The muscles of both rotated and supernumerary limbs were innervated by the segmental nerves. The percentage of cells innervated by segmental nerves 16 and 17 in each muscle was determined with intracellular electrodes at 14 weeks after the operation. Despite histological evidence that nerves had been misrouted in the rotated limb, the percentage innervation of each muscle by nerves 16 and 17 was similar to that in the unoperated contralateral controls. The same results were obtained for the supernumerary limbs. In some muscles a few synaptic sites were found innervated by segmental nerves which did not innervate that muscle in the contralateral controls. These had synaptic potentials with very low quantal contents if immediately adjacent sites were innervated by the segmental nerve, which did innervate that muscle in the contralateral controls. The results suggest that the selective properties of synaptic sites are alone sufficient to determine the entire segmental innervation pattern of the muscles in a limb.
|
['Ambystoma', 'Ambystoma mexicanum', 'Animals', 'Cholinesterases', 'Hindlimb', 'Muscles', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 7,462,973
|
[['B01.050.150.900.090.608.080.068'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608.080.068.525'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170'], ['A13.473'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural investigations of acridine derivatives by CoMFA and CoMSIA reveal novel insight into their structures toward DNA G-quadruplex mediated telomerase inhibition and offer a highly predictive 3D-model for substituted acridines.
|
Stabilization of G-quadruplex structures formed from telomeric DNA, by means of G-quadruplex selective ligands, is a means of inhibiting the telomerase enzyme. This makes G-quadruplex an emerging target for cancer therapy. The objective of the current 3D QSAR study is to uncover structural requirements for acridine derivatives, which would eventually assist and complement the rational drug-design attempts. Various protonation strategies were investigated to check in situ protonation sites present on ligands when they bind to G-quadruplex, and predictive 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models have been developed. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) studies were carried out on substituted acridines as telomerase inhibitors. Molecular models with good predictive power were derived using steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and H-bond donor fields of the compounds. The CoMSIA coefficient contour plots identified several key features explaining the wide range in activities. The present study not only offers a highly significant predictive CoMSIA model for trisubstituted acridine derivatives as telomerase inhibitors but also throws more light on the molecular structure of these compounds at physiological pH.
|
['Acridines', 'DNA', 'G-Quadruplexes', 'Models, Molecular', 'Telomerase']
| 19,413,274
|
[['D03.633.300.046'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.570.820.486.550', 'G05.360.580.550'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flecainide toxicity in a neonate with supraventricular tachycardia.
|
Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, specifically encainide and flecainide, have been used with increasing frequency in children and young adults with both atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. As a result of the recent findings from the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) study, their use in adults as well as children has been questioned. Because of their potential and often dangerous side effects, the child receiving a class IC drug must be monitored very closely. We report a case of flecainide toxicity in a 2 1/2-week-old neonate who was being treated for incessant supraventricular tachycardia.
|
['Electrocardiography', 'Flecainide', 'Heart Block', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Tachycardia, Supraventricular']
| 1,960,074
|
[['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['D03.383.621.270'], ['C14.280.067.558', 'C14.280.123.500', 'C23.550.073.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C14.280.067.845.880', 'C14.280.123.875.880', 'C23.550.073.845.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Instantaneous Heart Rate detection using short-time autocorrelation for wearable healthcare systems.
|
This report describes a robust method of Instantaneous Heart Rate (IHR) detection from noisy electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Generally, the IHR is calculated from the interval of R-waves. Then, the R-waves are extracted from the ECG using a threshold. However, in wearable biosignal monitoring systems, various noises (e.g. muscle artifacts from myoelectric signals, electrode motion artifacts) increase incidences of misdetection and false detection because the power consumption and electrode distance of the wearable sensor are limited to reduce its size and weight. To prevent incorrect detection, we use a short-time autocorrelation technique. The proposed method uses similarity of the waveform of the QRS complex. Therefore, it has no threshold calculation Process and it is robust for noisy environment. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the success rate of IHR detection by up to 37%.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Computer Simulation', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Electrodes', 'Equipment Design', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Models, Statistical', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 23,367,467
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E05.320'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental tooth movement temporally changes neural excitation and topographical map in rat somatosensory cortex.
|
During orthodontic treatment, binding teeth, may change the topographically organized representation of teeth in the cerebral cortex. To test the hypothesis that experimental tooth movement (ETM) changes the somatotopy of an individual tooth arrangement in the somatosensory cortex, we examined the spatiotemporal features of cortical excitatory propagation in response to mechanical stimulation of the maxillary incisor or molar using optical imaging in late adolescent rats without or with ETM. The ETM models consisted of 1d, 3d, and 7d ETM in which a closed-coil spring was ligated between the maxillary first molar and incisors. In controls, incisor and molar mechanical stimulation evoked excitation in the rostral and dorsocaudal regions of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), respectively. In addition, the secondary somatosensory cortex and insular oral region (S2/IOR) were also activated. Incisor stimulation-induced excitatory regions in S1 of 3d and 7d ETM shifted without changing the maximum excitatory area or peak amplitude; the incisor stimulation-responding region moved toward the dorsocaudal region, which responded to molar stimulation in the control. This shift in excitatory region was not observed in 1d ETM. One day after removal of the coil spring that was attached for 6 days, the excitatory region shift in S1 was recovered to the control region. On the other hand, 1d ETM exhibited facilitation of the excitatory area and peak amplitude upon molar stimulation, and the facilitation of excitatory propagation disappeared in 3d and 7d ETM. These results may explain the clinical finding that abnormal sensation temporally occurs during orthodontic treatment.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Incisor', 'Male', 'Molar', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Nociception', 'Optical Imaging', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Tooth Mobility', 'Tooth Movement Techniques']
| 29,928,871
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['G11.561.638'], ['F02.463.593.504.500'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['C07.465.714.898', 'G10.549.840'], ['E06.658.578.836']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Automating the Paris System for urine cytopathology-A hybrid deep-learning and morphometric approach.
|
BACKGROUND: The Paris System for Urine Cytopathology (the Paris System) has succeeded in making the analysis of liquid-based urine preparations more reproducible. Any algorithm seeking to automate this system must accurately estimate the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio and produce a qualitative "atypia score." The authors propose a hybrid deep-learning and morphometric model that reliably automates the Paris System.METHODS: Whole-slide images (WSI) of liquid-based urine cytology specimens were extracted from 51 negative, 60 atypical, 52 suspicious, and 54 positive cases. Morphometric algorithms were applied to decompose images to their component parts; and statistics, including the NC ratio, were tabulated using segmentation algorithms to create organized data structures, dubbed rich information matrices (RIMs). These RIM objects were enhanced using deep-learning algorithms to include qualitative measures. The augmented RIM objects were then used to reconstruct WSIs with filtering criteria and to generate pancellular statistical information.RESULTS: The described system was used to calculate the N:C ratio for all cells, generate object classifications (atypical urothelial cell, squamous cell, crystal, etc), filter the original WSI to remove unwanted objects, rearrange the WSI to an efficient, condensed-grid format, and generate pancellular statistics containing quantitative/qualitative data for every cell in a WSI. In addition to developing novel techniques for managing WSIs, a system capable of automatically tabulating the Paris System criteria also was generated.CONCLUSIONS: A hybrid deep-learning and morphometric algorithm was developed for the analysis of urine cytology specimens that could reliably automate the Paris System and provide many avenues for increasing the efficiency of digital screening for urine WSIs and other cytology preparations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Automation', 'Cytodiagnosis', 'Deep Learning', 'Humans', 'Urinalysis']
| 30,702,803
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['J01.897.104'], ['E01.370.225.500.384', 'E05.200.500.384', 'E05.242.384'], ['G17.035.250.500.250', 'G17.485.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.250', 'L01.224.050.375.605.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.124.810', 'E01.370.390.810', 'E05.200.124.810']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of NF-E2 activity in erythroleukemia cell differentiation.
|
The erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 is an obligate heterodimer composed of two different subunits (p45 and p18), each containing a basic region-leucine zipper DNA binding domain, and it plays a critical role in erythroid differentiation as an enhancer-binding protein for expression of the beta-globin gene. We show here that dimethyl sulfoxide treatment of wild-type murine erythroleukemia cells, but not a mutant clone of dimethyl sulfoxide-resistant cells, increases NF-E2 activity significantly, which involves both up-regulation of DNA binding and transactivation activities. Both activities were reduced markedly by treatment of cells with 2-aminopurine but not by genistein. Activation of the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase signaling cascade increased NF-E2 activity significantly, but this was suppressed when MafK was overexpressed. Domain analysis revealed an activation domain in the NH2-terminal region of p45 and a suppression domain in the basic region-leucine zipper of MafK. These findings indicate that induction of NF-E2 activity is essential for erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, and serine/threonine phosphorylation may be involved in this process. In addition, they also suggest that a MafK homodimer can suppress transcription, not only by competition for the DNA binding site, but also by direct inhibition of transcription. Hence, MafK may function as an active transcription repressor.
|
['5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase', 'Animals', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cell Differentiation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Drug Resistance', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic', 'Globins', 'Heme', 'Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute', 'MafK Transcription Factor', 'Mice', 'Models, Genetic', 'NF-E2 Transcription Factor', 'NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Zinc Fingers', 'ras Proteins']
| 9,478,996
|
[['D08.811.913.050.276'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['G04.152'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['D12.776.260.235', 'D12.776.930.216'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.370.500'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.325', 'C15.378.190.636.276'], ['D12.776.260.108.500.500.750', 'D12.776.260.108.656.750.750', 'D12.776.260.235.750.750.750', 'D12.776.930.127.500.500.750', 'D12.776.930.127.656.750.750', 'D12.776.930.216.750.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['D12.776.260.108.656', 'D12.776.260.235.750', 'D12.776.930.127.656', 'D12.776.930.216.750'], ['D12.776.260.108.656.770', 'D12.776.260.235.750.770', 'D12.776.930.127.656.770', 'D12.776.930.216.750.770'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.500', 'D12.644.360.400.842.500', 'D12.776.476.400.842.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.308.800'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.985'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A pool of reversibly cell-associated cholesteryl esters involved in the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins by Hep G2 hepatoma cells.
|
Selective uptake of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl esters without parallel uptake of HDL apolipoproteins occurs by a non-endocytotic pathway that results in net delivery of cholesteryl esters to cells. With respect to the cellular mechanism of this pathway, previous studies with adrenal cells showed a cholesteryl ester pool that is reversibly associated with cells and which appears to mediate irreversible selective uptake. A cholesteryl ester pool with similar properties was observed in plasma membranes isolated from adrenal cells, suggesting that this is the site of the cellular pool. Human Hep G2 hepatoma cells also selectively take up HDL cholesteryl esters. Therefore we asked if these cells have a reversibly cell-associated cholesteryl ester pool as well that could mediate irreversible selective uptake. To do this, human HDL3 (d = 1.125-1.21 g/ml) was labeled in both its protein and cholesteryl ester moieties. Uptake of HDL3 tracers by Hep G2 cells was then studied. After an uptake incubation in the presence of labeled HDL3, either cellular uptake of tracers was immediately determined or cells were 'chase' incubated in the presence of unlabeled HDL before determination of cellular tracer content. Hep G2 cells selectively took up HDL3 cholesteryl esters under these conditions. However, a fraction of cholesteryl ester tracer selectively taken up was chased from the cells by subsequent incubation in the presence of unlabeled HDL. This reversible pool of cholesteryl ester tracer was distinct from that irreversibly internalized, and in excess of that accounted for by dissociation of labeled HDL3 particles bound to the cell surface. Selective uptake was down-regulated by prior incubation with LDL, and cholesteryl ester tracer in the reversible pool was down-regulated in parallel. Plasma membranes were isolated from Hep G2 cells and incubated with doubly labeled HDL3. HDL3 particles bound to these membranes, as indicated by the apolipoprotein tracer. However, HDL cholesteryl esters associated with plasma membranes in excess on that accounted for by HDL3 particles. This selective association of HDL3 cholesteryl ester tracer with membranes was reversible, and the tracer was chased during incubation in the presence of unlabeled HDL. These results suggest that, as with steroidogenic cells, a reversible pool of cholesteryl esters localized in the plasma membrane is involved in selective uptake of HDL3 cholesteryl esters by hepatic cells at a step prior to irreversible internalization.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Time Factors', 'Tritium', 'Trypsin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,382,960
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Changes in serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody, pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen II after eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori].
|
To investigate the changes in serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody (HP Ab), pepsinogen I (PG I), pepsinogen II (PG II), and pepsinogen I/II ratio (PG I/II) after eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (HP), we studied 78 patients with HP-positive peptic diseases. They received combination therapy (proton pump inhibitor + amoxicillin: n = 17, proton pump inhibitor + amoxicillin + clarithromycin: n = 61). In the 68 patients in whom HP was eradicated, HP Ab, PG I, and PG II decreased and PG I/II increased significantly after eradication. Especially, the decrease in PG II and the increase in PG I/II were rapid and remarkable, found 2 months after the beginning of eradication therapy, and then continued. On the other hand, in the patients in whom HP was not eradicated, HP Ab and PG I/II did not change significantly, while PG I and PG II temporarily increased at the end of administration of proton pump inhibitor. In conclusion, it seems that the measurement of PG II and PG I/II is useful for the early detection of HP eradication.
|
['Amoxicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Clarithromycin', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Penicillins', 'Pepsinogens', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Proton Pump Inhibitors']
| 9,396,326
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['D08.622.509', 'D12.776.811.243.509'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['D27.505.519.389.848']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Venous thrombosis and tissue plasminogen activator release deficiency: a family study.
|
Thrombotic events are often due to fibrinolytic defects such as impaired tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) synthesis and/or release or increased plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) levels. In this report we describe four members of a family with a history of recurrent venous thrombosis, who demonstrated defective tPA release after dynamic tests. Two symptomatic patients and one asymptomatic individual showed absent or abnormally low tPA antigen (tPA:Ag) and activity (PA) increases after DDAVP infusion and/or 20 min of venous occlusion. In these patients PAI values were slightly higher than controls. A satisfactory tPA:Ag release was found in the fourth asymptomatic patient. All other coagulation tests were within the normal ranges. This familial defect of the fibrinolytic system seems to be inherited as an autosomal trait.
|
['Adult', 'Constriction', 'Deamino Arginine Vasopressin', 'Female', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Plasminogen', 'Thrombophlebitis', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Veins']
| 1,909,902
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.225'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100.250', 'D12.644.400.900.100.250', 'D12.644.456.925.100.250', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100.250', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100.250'], ['G09.188.390.150.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.673'], ['D08.622.610', 'D12.776.124.790.223.580', 'D12.776.377.715.182.580', 'D12.776.811.243.610'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The osteoplastic effectiveness of the implants made of mesh titanium nickelide constructs.
|
The purpose of the work was to study the features of reparative osteogenesis for filling the defect of tubular bone under implantation of mesh titanium nickelide constructs. Tibial fenestrated defect was modeled experimentally in 30 Wistar pubertal rats, followed by implant intramedullary insertion. The techniques of radiography, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray electron probe microanalysis were used. The mesh implant of titanium nickelide has been established to possess biocompatibility, osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the zone of osteogenesis and angiogenesis is created around it, bone cover is formed. Osteointegration of the implant occurs early, by 7 days after surgery, and by 30 days after surgery organotypical re-modelling of the regenerated bone takes place, as well as the defect is filled with lamellar bone tissue by the type of bone wound primary adhesion. By 30 days after surgery mineral content of the regenerated bone tissue approximates to the composition of intact cortex mineral phase.
|
['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Bone Remodeling', 'Bone Substitutes', 'Bone and Bones', 'Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Female', 'Haversian System', 'Implants, Experimental', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nickel', 'Osseointegration', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tibia', 'Titanium']
| 24,579,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['G11.427.213', 'G16.762.150'], ['D25.130.325', 'J01.637.051.130.325'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['A10.165.265.521.500'], ['E07.695.340'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence and risk factors concerning postpartum depression among women within early postnatal periods in Turkey.
|
PURPOSE: Postpartum depression (PPD) stands out as an important health issue that affects not only the mother but her partner and the entire family. A few studies from Turkey have found the high prevalence for PPD. In the current study we aimed: (1) to report the prevalence of postpartum depression among Turkish women in Manisa province; (2) description of the association of PPD with risk factors.METHODS: To achieve the goals of the current study, we employed the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). The perceived social support (PSS) scale was used to assess social support in the postnatal period. Socio-demographic and obstetric variables were collected through a socio-demographic and obstetric questionnaire.RESULTS: The mean EPDS scores of the study participants were 8.53 ± 4.93. The EPDS-based prevalence of PPD (a score of ?13) was 28.3%. We found a significant negative correlation between EPDS scores and perceived social support from the family (PSS-Fa) and from friends (PSS-Fr) scores. The present study also revealed a significant association between postpartum depressive symptomatology and unintended pregnancy, insufficient social support, and previous history of depression.CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study revealed high EPDS-based PPD prevalence in a sample of Turkish women and described a number of risk factors associated with PPD. The high prevalence found in this study indicated a need for developing new interventions for early detection and treatment of PPD. A significant number of Turkish immigrants live in western countries. We believe the findings of the current study may be helpful for physicians in locations where a large number of Turkish immigrants live.
|
['Adult', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Depression, Postpartum', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevalence', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Support', 'Turkey', 'Young Adult']
| 20,191,280
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252'], ['C13.703.844.253', 'F03.600.300.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The role of antiviral therapy in immunocompromised patients with herpes simplex virus meningitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are important causes of acute neurologic illness. Although the role of acyclovir in treating HSV encephalitis is clear, the role of antiviral therapy in HSV meningitis remains controversial.METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the charts of all patients with cerebrospinal fluid specimens positive for HSV-1 or HSV-2 by polymerase chain reaction between July 2000 and November 2012. Patients' charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical outcomes.RESULTS: Forty-two patient-episodes were clinically classified as meningitis. In 6 episodes (14.3%), patients with meningitis received no antivirals, whereas the remaining episodes were treated with an oral antiviral (n = 11 [26.2%]), combination intravenous and oral therapy (n = 22 [52.4%]), or intravenous acyclovir alone (n = 3 [7.1%]). Six patients had recurrent episodes of meningitis and all recovered without any neurologic sequelae. Neurologic outcomes were significantly improved with antiviral therapy in immunocompromised patients with herpes meningitis (P < .05), but not in the 27 patient-episodes among immunocompetent patients (P = 1.0), as no neurologic sequelae were noted in this group.CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with HSV meningitis rapidly improve, but immunocompromised hosts have more neurologic sequelae and may benefit from antiviral therapy. Our data suggest symptomatic treatment alone for immunocompetent patients with HSV meningitis, avoiding the cost and side effects of prolonged intravenous acyclovir therapy; in contrast, immunocompromised patients had improved outcomes and would therefore benefit from antiviral therapy.
|
['Acyclovir', 'Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex', 'Female', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Herpesvirus 2, Human', 'Humans', 'Immunocompromised Host', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 25,273,082
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.250'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['C01.207.245.340.350', 'C01.207.399.750.350', 'C01.925.182.525.350', 'C01.925.256.466.262', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.350', 'C10.228.228.245.340.350', 'C10.228.228.399.750.350'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Traumatic myelopathy in a seventeen-year-old child with cervical spinal stenosis (without fracture or dislocation) and a C2-C3 Klippel-Feil fusion. A case report.
|
A 17-year-old white male patient sustained a cervical hyperextension injury while body surfing. Plain cervical radiographs, tomography, and CAT scan showed neither fracture nor subluxation, but congenital narrowing of the spinal canal and fusion of C2-C3 (Klippel-Feil). Clinically, he had a central cord syndrome, characterized by a motor dominant myelopathy. The conservative management of this patient with a central cord injury in the presence of spinal stenosis and a Klippel-Feil syndrome resulted in almost full recovery although he was quadriplegic initially. This constellation of findings rarely has been reported in adolescence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Klippel-Feil Syndrome', 'Male', 'Quadriplegia', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Spinal Stenosis']
| 6,474,247
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['C05.116.099.370.535', 'C05.660.551', 'C16.131.621.551'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['C05.116.900.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased Desmin expression in the developing diaphragm of the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model.
|
PURPOSE: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is presumed to originate from defects in the primordial diaphragmatic mesenchyme, mainly comprising of muscle connective tissue (MCT). Thus, normal diaphragmatic morphogenesis depends on the structural integrity of the underlying MCT. Developmental mutations that inhibit normal formation of diaphragmatic MCT have been shown to result in CDH. Desmin (DES) is a major filament protein in the MCT, which is essential for the tensile strength of the developing diaphragm muscle. DES -/- knockout mice exhibit significant reductions in stiffness and elasticity of the developing diaphragmatic muscle tissue. Furthermore, sequence changes in the DES gene have recently been identified in human cases of CDH, suggesting that alterations in DES expression may lead to diaphragmatic defects. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that diaphragmatic DES expression is decreased in fetal rats with nitrofen-induced CDH.METHODS: Time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were harvested on selected time-points D13, D15 and D18, and dissected diaphragms (n = 72) were divided into control and nitrofen-exposed specimens (n = 12 per time-point and experimental group, respectively). Laser-capture microdissection was used to obtain diaphragmatic tissue elements. Diaphragmatic gene expression of DES was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence double staining for DES was combined with the mesenchymal marker GATA4 to evaluate protein expression and localization in developing fetal diaphragms.RESULTS: Relative mRNA expression levels of DES were significantly decreased in pleuroperitoneal folds on D13 (1.49 ± 1.79 vs. 3.47 ± 2.32; p < 0.05), developing diaphragms on D15 (1.49 ± 1.41 vs. 3.94 ± 3.06; p < 0.05) and fully muscularized diaphragms on D18 (2.45 ± 1.47 vs. 5.12 ± 3.37; p < 0.05) of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated markedly diminished immunofluorescence of DES mainly in diaphragmatic MCT, which was associated with a reduction of proliferating mesenchymal cells in nitrofen-exposed fetuses on D13, D15 and D18 compared to controls.CONCLUSION: Decreased expression of DES in the fetal diaphragm may disturb the basic integrity of myofibrils and the cytoskeletal network during myogenesis, causing malformed MCT and leading to diaphragmatic defects in the nitrofen-induced CDH model.
|
['Animals', 'Desmin', 'Diaphragm', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fetal Development', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital', 'Phenyl Ethers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 27,651,373
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.593.200', 'D12.776.220.475.200'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.345.500.325.235', 'G08.686.784.170.157'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['C16.131.433', 'C23.300.707.960.500.116'], ['D02.355.726', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A reduction of unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by a therapy combining valsartan with aliskiren.
|
The protective effect of combination therapy with valsartan and aliskiren against renal fibrosis remains to be defined. This study was undertaken to examine the protective effects of the combination of valsartan and aliskiren against renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Combination therapy with valsartan (15 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) and aliskiren (10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), valsartan monotherapy (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), and aliskiren monotherapy (20 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) all significantly ameliorated the increase in blood urea nitrogen and the degree of hydronephrosis determined by the increase in weight and length of the obstructed kidney. The dose titration study and blood pressure measurement confirmed that the combination therapy provided a greater benefit independent of the vasodilatory effect. There were no significant changes in serum levels of creatinine, sodium, and potassium in UUO rats and any treatment groups. Combination therapy also attenuated UUO-related increases in the scores of tubular dilatation, interstitial volume, interstitial collagen deposition, á-smooth muscle actin, the activation of ERK 1/2, the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, the mRNA expression of snail-1, and transforming growth factor-â1 to a greater extent compared with aliskiren or valsartan used alone. The mRNA expression of renin and the (pro)renin receptor significantly increased after UUO. Combination therapy and monotherapy of valsartan and aliskiren had a comparable enhancing effect on the mRNA expression of renin, whereas all these treatments did not affect the expression of the (pro)renin receptor. In conclusion, a direct renin inhibitor in conjunction with an angiotensin II receptor blocker exerts increased renal protection against renal fibrosis and inflammation during obstruction over either agent alone.
|
['Actins', 'Amides', 'Anatomy, Cross-Sectional', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blotting, Western', 'Collagen', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Fibrosis', 'Fumarates', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Male', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Snail Family Transcription Factors', 'Tetrazoles', 'Transcription Factors', 'Ureteral Obstruction', 'Valine', 'Valsartan']
| 20,685,818
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D02.065'], ['H01.158.100.185'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D02.241.081.337.302'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['G12.632'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.930.815'], ['D03.383.129.617'], ['D12.776.930'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930'], ['D03.383.129.617.850', 'D12.125.070.950.550', 'D12.125.142.930.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aetiologies and outcomes of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage presenting as acute respiratory failure of uncertain cause.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Connective tissue diseases are the most common disorders causing diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) confirmed by open lung biopsy. However, it is not known whether these diseases are also the most common causes of DAH in patients presenting with the features of ARDS/acute lung injury (ALI). This study evaluated the frequency of concomitant disease in patients with ARDS/ALI and DAH.METHODS: The sampling frame comprised all patients in a tertiary referral hospital diagnosed with ARDS/ALI and who underwent BAL between January 2000 and July 2006. The medical records of those patients who had BAL fluid findings compatible with DAH were reviewed.RESULTS: Of the 97 patients diagnosed with ARDS/ALI and who underwent BAL, 27 had BAL fluid findings compatible with DAH. Sixteen of the 27 patients did not have connective tissue diseases (59%); of these 12 patients had concomitant haematological malignancies or solid tumours. Of the seven patients who presented with DAH and no known underlying disease, only two were subsequently diagnosed with a connective tissue disorder. The in-hospital mortality rate was 55% and 63% for patients with DAH with and without connective tissue diseases, respectively (P = 0.710).CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with DAH presenting with the features of ARDS/ALI did not have underlying connective tissue diseases. Concomitant malignancies were found frequently in these patients. The outcome did not differ between patients with DAH with or without connective tissue diseases.
|
['Acute Lung Injury', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Korea', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 19,210,654
|
[['C08.381.520.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C17.300'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['C08.381'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spinal cord compression by a rheumatoid nodule.
|
A case, believed to be unique, is reported of spinal cord compression due to an extradural rheumatoid nodule.
|
['Humans', 'Male', 'Rheumatic Nodule', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Compression']
| 1,206,413
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.114.843.566', 'C05.799.825.566'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sequestration of dopamine D2 receptors depends on coexpression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 or 5.
|
We examined the agonist-dependent sequestration/internalization of dopamine D2 receptor (the long form D2L and short form D2S), which were transiently expressed in COS-7 and HEK 293 cells with or without G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK2 or GRK5). Sequestration was assessed quantitatively by loss of [3H] sulpiride-binding activity from the cell surface and by transfer of [3H] spiperone-binding activity from the membrane fraction to the light vesicle fraction in sucrose-density gradients. In COS-7 cells expressing D2 receptors alone, virtually no sequestration was observed with or without dopamine (< 4%). When GRK2 was coexpressed, 50% of D2S receptors and 36% of D2L receptors were sequestered by treatment with 10(-4) M dopamine for 2 h, whereas no sequestration was observed in cells expressing the dominant negative form of GRK2 (DN-GRK2). When GRK5 was coexpressed, 36% of D2S receptors were sequestered following the same treatment. The agonist-dependent and GRK2-dependent sequestration of D2S receptors was reduced markedly in the presence of hypertonic medium containing 0.45 M sucrose, suggesting that the sequestration follows the clathrin pathway. Internalization of D2S receptors was also assessed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Translocation of D2 receptors from the cell membrane to intracellular vesicles was observed following the treatment with dopamine from HEK 293 cells only when GRK2 was coexpressed. D2S receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells were shown to be phosphorylated by GRK2 in an agonist-dependent manner. These results indicate that the sequestration of D2 receptors occurs only through a GRK-mediated pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'COS Cells', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Dopamine', 'G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2', 'G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Spiperone', 'Sulpiride', 'beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases']
| 10,091,590
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049.200', 'D12.644.360.293.249.200', 'D12.776.476.293.249.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.775', 'D12.644.360.293.875', 'D12.776.476.293.875'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['D02.455.426.779.800', 'D02.522.352.800', 'D04.711.800'], ['D02.065.277.866', 'D02.241.223.100.100.866', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.866'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049', 'D12.644.360.293.249', 'D12.776.476.293.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Routine screening for fetal limb abnormalities in the first trimester.
|
OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine the accuracy of first-trimester ultrasonography in detecting fetal limb abnormalities.METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all women undergoing fetal nuchal translucency (NT) assessment and detailed fetal anatomic survey in the first trimester at a single tertiary-care referral center in China. Fetal anatomy scans were repeated in the second trimester. Detection of fetal limb abnormalities was compared between first and second trimester anatomy scans and confirmed at delivery or at autopsy.RESULTS: Analyzed were 9438 fetuses from 9197 women (241 twin pairs). The incidence of fetal limb abnormalities was 0.38% (36/9438). Of these, 28 (77.8%) were diagnosed prenatally: 23 (63.9%) on first trimester scan and 5 (13.9%) on second trimester scan. Limb reduction defects (usually transverse limb deficiencies) were the most common limb defects identified in the first trimester (n = 12), followed by clubfoot (n = 4), skeletal dysplasia (n = 3), sirenomelia (n = 1), limb dysplasia (n = 1), malposition (n = 1), and syndactyly (n = 1). Nine fetuses with isolated limb abnormalities had normal NT, while 74.1% (20/27) of limb abnormalities that were associated with other abnormalities had increased NT.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the majority of limb abnormalities detected prenatally [23/28 (82%)] can be identified in the first trimester, especially major limb defects; however, our numbers are small and still need larger cases for further investigation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Diseases, Developmental', 'China', 'Clubfoot', 'Ectromelia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Limb Deformities, Congenital', 'Middle Aged', 'Nuchal Translucency Measurement', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Syndactyly', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal', 'Young Adult']
| 26,573,084
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.116.099'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C05.330.488.655.063', 'C05.330.495.681.063', 'C05.660.585.512.380.813.063', 'C16.131.621.585.512.500.681.063'], ['C05.660.585.350', 'C16.131.621.585.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.660.585', 'C16.131.621.585'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.850.865.500', 'E01.370.378.630.865.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C05.116.099.370.894.819', 'C05.660.585.800', 'C05.660.906.819', 'C16.131.621.585.800', 'C16.131.621.906.819'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Microfilariae in fine needle aspirates from epididymal lesions.
|
Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti were observed in fine needle aspiration smears from three epididymal nodules, and degenerating microfilariae suggestive of Brugia malayi were found in the smears from a fourth case. The smears in all four cases showed a polymorphonuclear inflammatory cell component as well as epithelioid cell granulomata. While blood eosinophilia was present in all four cases, eosinophilia was present in the aspiration smears in only one case. Microfilariae could be demonstrated in the peripheral blood in only one case.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Elephantiasis, Filarial', 'Epididymis', 'Humans', 'Larva', 'Lymphedema', 'Male', 'Testicular Diseases']
| 3,468,719
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.350', 'C01.920.750', 'C15.604.496.490'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['C15.604.496'], ['C12.294.829', 'C19.391.829']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical outcomes of children treated with intravenous prochlorperazine for migraine in a pediatric emergency department.
|
BACKGROUND: Prochlorperazine is the only treatment that has been studied so far in a randomized controlled trial and found to reduce pain at 1 h in children with migraine who presented to an emergency department (ED).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the rate of treatment failure associated with prochlorperazine used in children with severe migraine in a pediatric ED.METHODS: This study was a retrospective chart review of patients < 18 years of age who visited the ED of a tertiary care pediatric hospital between November 2005 and June 2007. All patients diagnosed with migraine by the emergency physicians were included in the study. Charts were evaluated by a data abstractor blinded to the study hypothesis using a standardized datasheet. Inter-rater agreement was measured. Prochlorperazine treatment failure was defined as either administration of further rescue therapy, a hospitalization, or a return visit to the ED within 48 h for symptom recurrence or side effects from the medication.RESULTS: Prochlorperazine was administered in 92 episodes of migraine, including 43 confirmed by a pediatric neurologist; all received diphenhydramine to prevent akathisia. A total of 13 (14%) of these patients had a treatment failure: 8 patients received one or more further rescue therapies after the administration of prochlorperazine; 5 patients were hospitalized, including 3 who had received further rescue therapy; and 3 patients returned to the ED within 48 h due to symptom recurrence.CONCLUSION: There was a treatment failure rate of 14% with the use of prochlorperazine in association with diphenhydramine for severe migraine in children seen in a pediatric ED.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Dopamine Antagonists', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Pain Measurement', 'Prochlorperazine', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Failure']
| 19,150,192
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.092.471.320', 'D02.455.426.559.389.115.250'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175'], ['E02.319.310'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['D02.886.369.639', 'D03.633.300.783.639'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrasound cystourethrography by perineal scanning for the assessment of female stress urinary incontinence.
|
Perineal scanning using linear array ultrasound was used as an alternative to radiologic cystourethrography in the investigation of female urinary incontinence. The technique provides similar information to that obtained by fluoroscopy without exposing the patient and the physician to radiation. The bladder neck and urethra as well as the urodynamic catheter are readily visualized. Familiarity with the unusual configuration of the sonogram needs to be attained.
|
['Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress', 'Urodynamics', 'Urography']
| 3,526,217
|
[['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500'], ['G08.852.898'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid identification of mtDNA somatic mutations in gastric cancer tissues based on the mtDNA phylogeny.
|
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) somatic mutations have been identified in nearly all kinds of cancer during the past decade. Normally one need to determine the complete mtDNA sequences from both cancerous and normal tissues of the same patient to score the somatic mutation in cancer. In this study, we intended to explore a strategy to quickly identify somatic mutations in the entire mtDNA genome based on its phylogeny. The principal assumption for this strategy is that somatic mutations, as recently accumulated in cancerous tissue, have younger age and will be located in the terminal branches of mtDNA phylogenetic tree. In contrast, the haplogroup-specific variants, which appear as germline variants and have ancient age, will be located in the basal or intermediate-node branches of the tree, depending on their relative age. When the complete mtDNA sequence of the cancerous tissue is determined and is classified relative to the available mtDNA phylogeny, we only need to screen the variants that are located in the terminal branch in the paracancerous tissue or other normal tissue from the same patient to identify somatic mutations in cancer. We validated this strategy by using paired gastric cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue or blood from 10 Chinese patients (including one with gastric stromal tumor). A total of seven somatic mutations were identified in the cancerous tissues from four patients. Our result suggests that employing mtDNA phylogenetic knowledge facilitates rapid identification of mitochondrial genome somatic mutations in cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Phylogeny', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 21,419,139
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['E05.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Role of two essential domains of Escherichia coli FtsA in localization and progression of the division ring.
|
The FtsA protein is a member of the actin superfamily that localizes to the bacterial septal ring during cell division. Deletions of domain 1C or the S12 and S13 beta-strands in domain 2B of the Escherichia coli FtsA, previously postulated to be involved in dimerization, result in partially active proteins that do not allow the normal progression of septation. The truncated FtsA protein lacking domain 1C (FtsADelta1C) localizes in correctly placed division rings, together with FtsZ and ZipA, but does not interact with other FtsA molecules in the yeast two-hybrid assay, and fails to recruit FtsQ and FtsN into the division ring. The rings containing FtsADelta1C are therefore incomplete and do not support division. The production of high levels of FtsADelta1C causes filamentation, an effect that has been reported to result as well from the imbalance between FtsA+ and FtsZ+ molecules. These data indicate that the domain 1C of FtsA participates in the interaction of the protein with other FtsA molecules and with the other proteins that are incorporated at later stages of ring assembly, and is not involved in the interaction with FtsZ and the localization of FtsA to the septal ring. The deletion of the S12-S13 strands of domain 2B generates a protein (FtsADeltaS12-13) that retains the ability to interact with FtsA+. When the mutated protein is expressed at wild-type levels, it localizes into division rings and recruits FtsQ and FtsN, but it fails to sustain septation at normal levels resulting in filamentation. A fivefold overexpression of FtsADeltaS12-13 produces short cells that have normal division rings, but also cells with polar localization of the mutated protein, and cells with rings at abnormal positions that result in the production of a fraction (15%) of small nucleoid-free cells. The S12-S13 strands of domain 2B are not essential for septation, but affect the localization of the division ring.
|
['Cell Division', 'Cell Shape', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques']
| 15,387,815
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.320'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Historical review of pandemic influenza A in Taiwan, 2009.
|
Influenza is an important disease in children. In April 2009, human infections caused by a novel swine H1N1 virus were reported in Mexico, followed by a pandemic. As of 14 March 2010, more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 16,813 deaths. This influenza pandemic is unique in many respects. Large outbreaks occurred outside the usual season for influenza infection. The virus also caused severe illnesses and deaths in younger people, with many deaths caused by severe pneumonia. A comprehensive approach to pandemic control has been launched, including infection control interventions, antiviral drugs and vaccines. Vaccination is the most efficient way to control morbidity and mortality resulting from influenza infections in humans. For the first time, an influenza vaccine against a pandemic strain became available before the winter. However, the initially smooth influenza vaccination program was disturbed by the fear of possible adverse events following immunization. In Taiwan, mistrust of the influenza vaccination has also caused significant social impacts towards the end of 2009. Lessons learned from this pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 might help health authorities and physicians shape their preparedness for the next pandemic.
|
['Disease Outbreaks', 'History, 15th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Influenza, Human', 'Taiwan', 'Vaccination']
| 20,417,458
|
[['N06.850.290'], ['K01.400.475.500'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Association of PSCA rs2294008 gene variants with poor prognosis and increased susceptibility to gastric cancer and decreased risk of duodenal ulcer disease.
|
Two recent genome-wide association studies in Asians have reported the association between the PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) rs2294008C>T gene polymorphism and two Helicobacter pylori infection-related diseases such as gastric cancer (GC) and duodenal ulcer (DU). Since rs2294008 allele frequencies differ notably among ethnicities, we aimed to assess the role of rs2294008 on the susceptibility to GC and DU in a Caucasian population in Spain. Moreover, the relevance of rs2294008 on GC prognosis was evaluated. Genomic DNA from 603 Spanish patients with primary GC, 139 with DU and 675 healthy controls was typed for the PSCA rs2294008C>T polymorphism by PCR-TaqMan assays. H. pylori infection [odds ratio (OR): 8.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.45-15.33] and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR: 6.54; 95% CI: 3.19-12.43) were identified as independent risk factors for DU whereas the rs2294008T allele was associated with reduced risk of developing the disease (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.82). Infection with CagA strains (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.63-2.34), smoking (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.54-2.61), family history of GC (OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.01-3.83), and the rs2294008T allele (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.07-1.99) were associated with increased risk of GC. Interestingly, the association with the rs2294008T allele was restricted to noncardia GC (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12-1.82), particularly of the diffuse histotype (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.16-1.92). Finally, Cox regression analysis identified the rs2294008T variant as a prognosis factor associated with worse overall survival in patients with diffuse-type GC (hazard ratio: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.12-3.06). From these results we conclude that the PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility to GC and DU, as well as in the prognosis of the diffuse-type of GC in Caucasians.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prognosis', 'Risk', 'Risk Factors', 'Spain', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 25,721,731
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A simple duplex-PCR protocol for routine diagnosis and follow up of canine leishmaniasis.
|
The introduction of PCR has efficiently improved diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis. In order to provide a robust, efficient and reliable diagnostic method, a duplex PCR assay targeting the Leishmania infantum kDNA minicircle and the canine GAPDH gene as inner control was designed. Sensitivity of the assay reached 0.15 parasites/ml blood. Development, testing and application of this system on a group of 10 dogs during therapy administration (60 days) are also described. Six dogs (out of eight that have been showing a positive PCR result on peripheral blood during the study) were tested negative at day 62, indicating a reduction of parasitaemia at the end of the treatment period. All the animals had a positive PCR on lymph node aspirate both at the beginning and at the end of treatment. These findings seem to suggest that, in order to test therapy efficacy, PCR on whole blood could be a useful assay in dogs that have a positive PCR at the beginning of the treatment, while PCR positivity on lymph nodes lasts longer than the observation period during therapy administration. The presence of the GAPDH inner control band efficiently contributed to prevent false negatives, by highlighting samples affected by haemoglobin inhibition or inappropriate DNA isolation.
|
['Allopurinol', 'Animals', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'DNA, Kinetoplast', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Leishmania infantum', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphadenitis', 'Male', 'Meglumine', 'Meglumine Antimoniate', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Parasitemia', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,412,042
|
[['D03.633.100.759.160'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['D13.444.308.283.225.200', 'D13.444.308.442.200'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.325'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.510', 'C01.920.813.510'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C15.604.315'], ['D02.033.800.813.550', 'D09.067.342.600', 'D09.853.813.550'], ['D02.033.800.813.550.800', 'D09.067.342.600.800', 'D09.853.813.550.800'], ['D02.691'], ['C01.610.695', 'C23.550.470.790.500.580'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Model-based derivation, analysis and control of unstable microaerobic steady-states--considering Rhodospirillum rubrum as an example.
|
Microaerobic (oxygen-limited) conditions are critical for inducing many important microbial processes in industrial or environmental applications. At very low oxygen concentrations, however, the process performance often suffers from technical limitations. Available dissolved oxygen measurement techniques are not sensitive enough and thus control techniques, that can reliable handle these conditions, are lacking. Recently, we proposed a microaerobic process control strategy, which overcomes these restrictions and allows to assess different degrees of oxygen limitation in bioreactor batch cultivations. Here, we focus on the design of a control strategy for the automation of oxygen-limited continuous cultures using the microaerobic formation of photosynthetic membranes (PM) in Rhodospirillum rubrum as model phenomenon. We draw upon R. rubrum since the considered phenomenon depends on the optimal availability of mixed-carbon sources, hence on boundary conditions which make the process performance challenging. Empirically assessing these specific microaerobic conditions is scarcely practicable as such a process reacts highly sensitive to changes in the substrate composition and the oxygen availability in the culture broth. Therefore, we propose a model-based process control strategy which allows to stabilize steady-states of cultures grown under these conditions. As designing the appropriate strategy requires a detailed knowledge of the system behavior, we begin by deriving and validating an unstructured process model. This model is used to optimize the experimental conditions, and identify properties of the system which are critical for process performance. The derived model facilitates the good process performance via the proposed optimal control strategy. In summary the presented model-based control strategy allows to access and maintain microaerobic steady-states of interest and to precisely and efficiently transfer the culture from one stable microaerobic steady-state into another. Therefore, the presented approach is a valuable tool to study regulatory mechanisms of microaerobic phenomena in response to oxygen limitation alone. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 734-747. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Aerobiosis', 'Bioreactors', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Models, Biological', 'Oxygen', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Rhodospirillum rubrum', 'Systems Biology']
| 24,285,380
|
[['G02.111.017', 'G03.049'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['B03.440.400.425.708.733.650', 'B03.660.050.755.750.733.650'], ['H01.158.273.180.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bim deficiency leads to exacerbation and prolongation of joint inflammation in experimental arthritis.
|
OBJECTIVE: : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hyperplasia of the synovial lining, inflammation, and destruction of cartilage and bone. Since there are only a few detectable cells undergoing apoptosis in the joint, it is possible that a defect in apoptosis may contribute to synovial hyperplasia. This study sought to identify and characterize the direct role of apoptotic regulators in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis.METHODS: Using a serum transfer model, experimental arthritis was induced in mice lacking the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family genes Bak (Bak-/-), Bax (Bax-/-), or Bim (Bim-/-), as compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Physical examination for edema of the ankles and histopathologic analysis of ankle sections were used to determine the severity of arthritis. The serum and ankles were examined for production of chemokines and cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent or Luminex-based assays.RESULTS: Bim-/- mice displayed increased severity and prolongation of arthritis. In contrast, Bak-/- and Bax-/- mice showed no difference in the severity of arthritis as compared with WT mice. In addition, Bim-/- mice had elevated levels of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, decreased joint and serum production of antiinflammatory cytokines, fewer TUNEL-positive cells, and reduced levels of active caspase 3 as compared with WT mice.CONCLUSION: These studies are the first to demonstrate a role for the proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bim in the effector phase of RA. The findings indicate that Bim potentially functions to repress the effector phase of arthritis by regulating the milieu of the joint and serum, and by inducing apoptosis.
|
['Animals', 'Ankle Joint', 'Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Bcl-2-Like Protein 11', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein', 'bcl-X Protein']
| 17,009,248
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D12.644.360.075.323', 'D12.776.476.075.323', 'D12.776.543.116', 'D12.776.624.664.700.025'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.984', 'D12.776.476.075.718.968', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169.500'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.750', 'D12.776.476.075.718.425'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.937', 'D12.776.476.075.718.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebrospinal fluid high mobility group box 1 is associated with neuronal death in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
|
We aim to determine the cerebrospinal fluid levels of high mobility group box 1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients and to investigate the involvement of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and high mobility group box 1 in the pathogenesis of post-subarachnoid hemorrhage neuronal death. The study included 40 patients (mean age, 59 ± 19 years) with Fisher's grade ? III aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected on the seventh day post-hemorrhage. Receptor for advanced glycation end products expression was examined in rat brain tissue following subarachnoid hemorrhage and in cultured neurons exposed to post-subarachnoid hemorrhage cerebrospinal fluid. Therapeutic effects of the recombinant soluble form of RAGE on subarachnoid hemorrhage models were also investigated. The results indicated that a higher level of cerebrospinal fluid high mobility group box 1 was independently associated with unfavorable outcome at three months post-subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.005-1.121). Expression of RAGE increased in post-subarachnoid hemorrhage rat brain cells and in cultured neuron with stimulation of post-subarachnoid hemorrhage cerebrospinal fluid. Administration of recombinant soluble form of RAGE significantly reduced the number of positive TUNEL staining cells in subarachnoid hemorrhage rat and improved cell viability in post-subarachnoid hemorrhage cerebrospinal fluid-treated cultured neurons. Thus, the level of cerebrospinal fluid high mobility group box 1 can be a prognostic indicator for patients with Fisher's grade ? III aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and that treatment with soluble form of RAGE is a novel approach for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Death', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurons', 'Prognosis', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']
| 26,823,474
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.643.500'], ['D12.776.260.356.300', 'D12.776.660.235.400.600.300', 'D12.776.664.235.400.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E01.789'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.615'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment-related reductions in PTSD and changes in physical health symptoms in women.
|
This study examined the relationship between change in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over the course of PTSD treatment and the association with changes in general physical health symptoms. Both positive health habits (e.g., exercise) and negative (e.g., smoking), were examined to determine if they accounted for the association between changes in PTSD severity over time and changes in physical health. Participants were 150 women seeking treatment for PTSD. Latent growth curve modeling indicated a substantial relationship (R (2) = 34%) between changes in PTSD and changes in physical health that occurred during and shortly following treatment for PTSD. However, there was no evidence to suggest that changes in health behaviors accounted for this relationship. Thus, PTSD treatment can have beneficial effects on self-reported physical health symptoms, even without direct treatment focus on health per se, and is not accounted for by shifts in health behavior.
|
['Adult', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Female', 'Habits', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,471,544
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F01.145.466'], ['F01.145.488'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Acoustic characteristics of vowels by normal Malaysian Malay young adults.
|
The acoustic characteristics of sustained vowel have been widely investigated across various languages and ethnic groups. These acoustic measures, including fundamental frequency (F(0)), jitter (Jitt), relative average perturbation (RAP), five-point period perturbation quotient (PPQ5), shimmer (Shim), and 11-point amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ11) are not well established for Malaysian Malay young adults. This article studies the acoustic measures of Malaysian Malay adults using acoustical analysis. The study analyzed six sustained Malay vowels of 60 normal native Malaysian Malay adults with a mean of 21.19 years. The F(0) values of Malaysian Malay males and females were reported as 134.85±18.54 and 238.27±24.06Hz, respectively. Malaysian Malay females had significantly higher F(0) than that of males for all the vowels. However, no significant differences were observed between the genders for the perturbation measures in all the vowels, except RAP in /e/. No significant F(0) differences between the vowels were observed. Significant differences between the vowels were reported for all perturbation measures in Malaysian Malay males. As for Malaysian Malay females, significant differences between the vowels were reported for Shim and APQ11. Multiethnic comparisons indicate that F(0) varies between Malaysian Malay and other ethnic groups. However, the perturbation measures cannot be directly compared, where the measures vary significantly across different speech analysis softwares.
|
['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Phonetics', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Speech Acoustics', 'Young Adult']
| 21,429,707
|
[['M01.686.508.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['G08.686.815'], ['G11.561.812.650', 'G11.561.820'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Novel polystyrene microspheres functionalized by imidazolium and the electrocatalytic activity towards H₂O₂ of its Prussian blue composite.
|
Copolymerization of styrene (St) and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide (VEIB), novel poly(St-co-VEIB) microspheres were generated. Owing to the presence of imidazolium groups, such microspheres having an average diameter of 125 nm, behave electropositively when dispersed in aqueous solution. Furthermore, due to the presence of imidazolium groups, having a capacity of ion-exchange and weak reducibility on the surface of the PS microspheres, [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ was absorbed on the surface of poly(St-co-VEIB) microspheres, and simultaneously, Fe³⁺ was reduced to Fe²⁺. Thus, in situ growth of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles could occur on the surface of poly(St-co-VEIB) microspheres without the addition of any other reducing agent. This methodology, utilizing the ion-exchange and weak reducibility properties of the imidazolium groups on the surface of micro-/nanostructures is a novel general method for assembling hierarchical nanostructured materials. Finally, the electrochemical property of the strawberry-like PS/PB composite microspheres was also investigated by applying a glassy carbon electrode. A good repeatability of the cyclic voltammetry responses, having a good linearity and sensitivity, for the electrocatalytic reduction of H₂O₂ was obtained.
|
['Catalysis', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Ferrocyanides', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Imidazoles', 'Imidazolines', 'Materials Testing', 'Microspheres', 'Polystyrenes']
| 23,619,536
|
[['G02.130'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.370', 'D01.490.200.250', 'D01.625.400.100.350'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D03.383.129.308.436'], ['E05.570'], ['E07.565'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800.830', 'D05.750.716.579', 'D25.720.716.579', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fusion of an oligopeptide to the N terminus of an alkaline á-amylase from Alkalimonas amylolytica simultaneously improves the enzyme's catalytic efficiency, thermal stability, and resistance to oxidation.
|
In this study, we constructed and expressed six fusion proteins composed of oligopeptides attached to the N terminus of the alkaline á-amylase (AmyK) from Alkalimonas amylolytica. The oligopeptides had various effects on the functional and structural characteristics of AmyK. AmyK-p1, the fusion protein containing peptide 1 (AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK), exhibited improved specific activity, catalytic efficiency, alkaline stability, thermal stability, and oxidative stability compared with AmyK. Compared with AmyK, the specific activity and catalytic constant (kcat) of AmyK-p1 were increased by 4.1-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively. The following properties were also improved in AmyK-p1 compared with AmyK: kcat/Km increased from 1.8 liter/(g·min) to 9.7 liter/(g·min), stable pH range was extended from 7.0 to 11.0 to 7.0 to 12.0, optimal temperature increased from 50°C to 55°C, and the half-life at 60°C increased by ?2-fold. Moreover, AmyK-p1 showed improved resistance to oxidation and retained 54% of its activity after incubation with H2O2, compared with 20% activity retained by AmyK. Finally, AmyK-p1 was more compatible than AmyK with the commercial solid detergents tested. The mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by comparing the three-dimensional (3-D) structural models of AmyK and AmyK-p1. The significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency and stability of AmyK-p1 suggests its potential as a detergent ingredient. In addition, the oligopeptide fusion strategy described here may be useful for improving the catalytic efficiency and stability of other industrial enzymes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biocatalysis', 'Detergents', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Gammaproteobacteria', 'Gene Expression', 'Half-Life', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Structural', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligopeptides', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Engineering', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'alpha-Amylases']
| 23,455,344
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['B03.660.250'], ['G05.297'], ['G01.910.405'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D08.811.277.450.066.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Characteristic of ocular safety profile of triamcinolone made in China].
|
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the safety profile of triamcinolone acetonide made in China (Transton) and triamcinolone acetonide acetate (Tongyong) for their ocular application.METHODS: Experimental study. In vitro cell viability assay was performed on 3 types of human ocular cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the simulated vitreal concentrations (from a 1:15 dilution as if injected into 1.5 ml of rabbit vitreous to 1:50 dilution as if injected into 5 ml of human vitreous) of Transton and Tongyong using MTT method.In vivo 28 guinea pigs, randomly divided into four groups, were used for evaluating either intravitreal 6 µl of the two types of triamcinolone suspension or 18 µl of their supernatant. Following the injections, the eyes were monitored by biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, electroretinography, and histology. The Dunnett's test was used to analyze in vitro cell viability. Paired sample t-test and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were respectively used to compare electroretinography data and intraocular pressure between experimental eyes and the control eyes.RESULTS: The undiluted supernatant of Transton and Tongyong was toxic to human scleral fibroblasts when compared with their control groups (MTT values = 0.046 ± 0.036 and 0.044 ± 0.05 versus 0.367 ± 0.106 and 0.413 ± 0.128) (P < 0.01) or with the BSS group (0.368 ± 0.106 and 0.441 ± 0.137) (P < 0.01). 1:15 or greater dilution of supernatant of Transton and Tongyong did not show cytotoxicity on cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells or M?ller cell (P > 0.05), but 1:15 dilution of Tongyong supernatant showed cytotoxicity on the M?ller cells (MTT value = 0.366 ± 0.062 versus 0.417 ± 0.042 for BSS) (P = 0.03). In vivo, neither intravitreal 6 µl (0.25 mg, equivalent to 4 mg in 0.1 ml for human eyes) of the suspension nor 18 µl (equivalent resultant preservative concentration to intravitreal 4 mg in 0.1 ml for rabbit eyes) of the supernatant of Transton and Tongyong showed ocular toxicity.CONCLUSION: The equivalent dose (6 µl) to 4 mg in 0.1 ml intravitreal suspension for human eye or equivalent resultant preservative concentration to 0.1 ml intravitreal suspension for rabbit eye is found safe in guinea pig eyes.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Survival', 'China', 'Electroretinography', 'Fibroblasts', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Ophthalmoscopy', 'Rabbits', 'Random Allocation', 'Retina', 'Retinal Pigment Epithelium', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Triamcinolone Acetonide', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Vitreous Body']
| 25,312,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.346'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['E01.370.380.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A09.371.670.500', 'A09.371.729.887'], ['E01.370.380.750'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.915.715', 'D04.210.500.908.891.927'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Intermediate frequency magnetic field and chick embryotoxicity.
|
Intermediate frequency magnetic fields (MFs) have widely been used in industrial machines and home appliances, such as induction heating cookers, although toxicity studies to evaluate the potential health risks of such fields are insufficient. In induction heating cookers, the MF source (i.e. hobs), is located near the abdominal position of a person cooking. Hence, developmental effects on the fetus may be a concern in case the person is a pregnant woman. Fertile White Leghorn eggs (60/group) were either exposed to 20 kHz, 1.1 mT(rms) or 60 kHz, 0.11 mT(rms) sinusoidal MFs for 19 days during embryogenesis. The same number of eggs served as a control group. In addition, a sham-sham experiment was conducted to validate the equality between exposure and control facilities. After exposure, embryos were examined for mortality rate and stage. Live embryos were evaluated for developmental stage and gross and skeletal anomalies. Length of upper beak and leg digits was also measured. Examinations were conducted in a blinded fashion to ensure quality assurance; experiments were triplicated for each frequency to confirm the outcome reproducibility. Mortality rate and stage, incidence of malformed embryos, and developmental variables in live embryos were found to be similar between the MF-exposed and corresponding control group. Incidence of gross anomalies such as mandibular edema and skeletal anomalies such as coccyx defects were low across the experiments, and no significant group differences were noted. In conclusion, exposure to 20 kHz or 60 kHz MF did not produce any significant teratogenic developmental effects in chick embryos.
|
['Animals', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chickens', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Embryonic Development', 'Fetal Death', 'Magnetic Fields', 'Time Factors']
| 23,998,264
|
[['B01.050'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C16.131'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['G01.358.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preload dependence of Doppler-derived indexes of left ventricular diastolic function in humans.
|
To determine the effect of filling pressure on the pattern of left ventricular filling in humans, the mitral flow velocity profile was measured by pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography during right and left heart catheterization in 11 patients before and during nitroglycerin infusion. Nitroglycerin reduced mean arterial pressure from 90 +/- 9 to 80 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 9 +/- 4 to 4 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Cardiac output fell from 6.6 +/- 1.5 to 5.5 +/- 1.4 liters/min (p less than 0.001) and heart rate increased from 60 +/- 13 to 65 +/- 14 beats/min (p less than 0.002). The time constant of isovolumic relaxation (TI.) decreased from 51 +/- 9 to 46 +/- 8 ms (p less than 0.01), indicating faster left ventricular relaxation. Nitroglycerin altered the Doppler characteristics of the early filling (E) wave but not those of the atrial contraction (A) wave. Peak velocity of the E wave decreased from 56 +/- 14 to 44 +/- 9 cm/s (p less than 0.001), peak velocity of the A wave did not change and the ratio of peak velocities of the E and A waves decreased from 0.97 +/- 0.33 to 0.77 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.02). The deceleration of the E wave decreased from 289 +/- 138 to 186 +/- 71 cm/s2 (p less than 0.02). The ratio of velocity-time integral of the A wave to total velocity-time integral (that is, contribution of atrial contraction to total filling) increased from 0.31 +/- 0.09 to 0.36 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Diastole', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Pressure', 'Rheology']
| 2,958,532
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['D02.640.636'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Seven new species of the genus <i>Xestoleberis</i> (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago.
|
The genus Xestoleberis has a global distribution, and although they are predominant in shallow marine environments adapted to both sediment and algal habitats, only two species of this genus, Xestoleberis curta (Brady, 1866) and Xestoleberis variegata Brady, 1880, have previously been reported from the Fiji archipelago. Herein we report seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis from intertidal environments of fringing reef flats of the Fiji Islands: Xestoleberis becca n. sp., Xestoleberis concava n. sp., Xestoleberis gracilariaii n. sp., Xestoleberis marcula n. sp., Xestoleberis natuvuensis n. sp., Xestoleberis penna n. sp. and Xestoleberis petrosa n. sp. With the exception of X. becca n. sp., Xestoleberis species show restricted distribution within Fijian waters. The possible causes for their distribution patterns are suggested to be physical barriers imposed by the fast flowing Bligh Water currents, and islands separated by deep ocean waters.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'Crustacea', 'Ecosystem', 'Female', 'Fiji', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning']
| 28,006,811
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.365'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['Z01.639.760.590.373'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
FYVE-DSP1, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase containing an FYVE domain.
|
Dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DSPs) dephosphorylate proteins at Ser/Thr and Tyr. FYVE domain is a double zinc finger motif which specifically binds phosphatidylinositol(3)-phosphate. Here, we report a novel dual specificity phosphatase that contains a FYVE domain at the C-terminus. We designate the protein FYVE-DSP1. Molecular cloning yielded three isoforms of the enzyme presumably derived from alternate RNA splicing. Sequence alignment revealed that the catalytic phosphatase domain of FYVE-DSP1 closely resembled that of myotubularin, while its FYVE domain has all the conserved amino acid residues found in other proteins of the same family. Recombinant FYVE-DSP1 is partitioned in both cytosolic and membrane fractions. It dephosphorylates proteins phosphorylated on Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues and low molecular weight phosphatase substrate para-nitrophenylphosphate. It shows typical characteristics of other DSPs and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). These include inhibition by sodium vanadate and pervanadate, pH dependency, and inactivation by mutation of the key cysteinyl residue at the phosphatase signature motif. Finally, PCR analyses demonstrated that FYVE-DSP1 is widely distributed in human tissues but different spliced forms expressed differently.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 10,733,931
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G04.128'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300', 'D12.644.360.585', 'D12.776.476.564'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cognitive and serotonergic vulnerability to depression: convergent findings.
|
Cognitive reactivity (CR) is a psychological vulnerability marker of depression, whereas response to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a serotonergic challenge procedure) is a biological vulnerability marker. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these markers. Thirty-nine remitted depressed patients participated in 2 ATD sessions in a double-blind crossover design. CR, assessed prior to the ATD sessions, predicted depressive response to high-dose ATD. CR also diminished the effects of 2 known predictors of ATD response: gender and residual symptoms. Neuroticism and behavioral inhibition were unrelated to ATD response. CR is associated with an increased sensitivity to reductions of serotonin concentrations. These findings present a small step toward unifying cognitive and neurobiological theories of depression.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Depression', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality Disorders', 'Serotonin', 'Tryptophan']
| 17,324,019
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.675'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gas-phase peptide fragmentation: how understanding the fundamentals provides a springboard to developing new chemistry and novel proteomic tools.
|
This tutorial provides an overview of the evolution of some of the key concepts in the gas-phase fragmentation of different classes of peptide ions under various conditions [e.g. collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD)], and then demonstrates how these concepts can be used to develop new methods. For example, an understanding of the role of the mobile proton and neighboring group interactions in the fragmentation reactions of protonated peptides has led to the design of the 'SELECT' method. For ETD, a model based on the Landau-Zener theory reveals the role of both thermodynamic and geometric effects in the electron transfer from polyatomic reagent anions to multiply protonated peptides, and this predictive model has facilitated the design of a new strategy to form ETD reagent anions from precursors generated via ESI. Finally, two promising, emerging areas of gas-phase ion chemistry of peptides are also described: (1) the design of new gas-phase radical chemistry to probe peptide structure, and (2) selective cleavage of disulfide bonds of peptides in the gas phase via various physicochemical approaches.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Cations', 'Disulfides', 'Electrons', 'Free Radicals', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Metals', 'Peptides', 'Phenylalanine', 'Proteomics']
| 18,819,114
|
[['D12.125'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D01.552'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) against influenza virus targeting hemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2).
|
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are widespread in birds and domestic poultry, occasionally causing severe epidemics in humans and posing health threats. Hence, the need to develop a strategy for prophylaxis or therapy, such as a broadly neutralizing antibody against IAV, is urgent. In this study, single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display technology was used to select scFv fragments recognizing influenza envelope proteins. The Tomlinson I and J scFv phage display libraries were screened against the recombinant HA2 protein (rHA2) for three rounds. Only the third-round elution sample of the Tomlinson J library showed high binding affinity to rHA2, from which three clones (3JA18, 3JA62, and 3JA78) were chosen for preparative-scale production as soluble antibody by E. coli. The clone 3JA18 was selected for further tests due to its broad affinity for influenza H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1. Simulations of the scFv 3JA18-HA trimer complex revealed that the complementarity-determining region of the variable heavy chain (VH-CDR2) bound the stem region of HA. Neutralization assays using a peptide derived from VH-CDR2 also supported the simulation model. Both the selected antibody and its derived peptide were shown to suppress infection with H5N1 and H1N1 viruses, but not H3N2 viruses. The results also suggested that the scFvs selected from rHA2 could have neutralizing activity by interfering with the function of the HA stem region during virus entry into target cells.
|
['Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Single-Chain Antibodies']
| 26,446,888
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G12.100'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541.500.697', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.300'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.500'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.785', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.795']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 conjugated linoleic acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by FADS3-catalyzed Ä13-desaturation of vaccenic acid.
|
The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans-11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary á-linolenic acid. However, in rodents, the fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Ä13-desaturation of vaccenic acid, producing a Ä11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans-11,cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Ä13-desaturation of vaccenic acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with á-linolenic acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the Ä11,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (rumenic acid) isomers when incubated with vaccenic acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with rumenic acid, trans-11,cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Ä13-desaturation of vaccenic acid in mammary tissue.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fatty Acid Desaturases', 'Female', 'Goats', 'Isomerism', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Milk', 'Oleic Acids', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase', 'alpha-Linolenic Acid']
| 27,865,506
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['A11.436'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.392.625'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.100', 'D10.251.355.310.640.400', 'D10.251.355.337.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Primary cutaneous mucormycosis with a Mucor species: is iron overload a factor?
|
A severely debilitated patient showed primary cutaneous mucormycosis with a Mucor species at a tape erosion site. The pathogenic nature and epidemiologic features of this unusual fungal infection are reviewed to emphasize its recognition in the differential diagnosis of ischemic lesions in immunocompromised patients. Iron overload may be a risk factor for mucormycosis.
|
['Dermatomycoses', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucormycosis', 'Risk Factors']
| 7,805,414
|
[['C01.150.703.302', 'C01.800.200', 'C17.800.838.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.703.980.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Limits of selection against cheaters: birds prioritise visual fruit advertisement over taste.
|
The concept of biological markets aims to explain how organisms interact with each other. Market theory predicts that organisms choose the most rewarding partner in mutualisms. However, partner choice may also be influenced by advertisement which may not be reliable. In seed dispersal mutualism, we analysed whether seed dispersers prioritise taste cues over visual advertisement to select the most rewarding fruits and whether they select against partners with unreliable advertisement. We conducted experiments on black elder (Sambucus nigra), a species of which the colours of the peduncles match the sugar content of their fruits. We created infructescences the colours of which matched or mismatched the sugar content of their fruits. There was no selection against cheaters in the field or by captive blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) as seed dispersers. Blackcaps were constrained to select against unreliable advertisement because they swallowed fruits entirely and thus did not obtain an immediate feedback by taste. Instead, blackcaps selected fruits according to the colour variation of red peduncles. Overall, we suggest that the concept of constraints should be incorporated into biological markets. We further contend that biological markets can be more complex than currently acknowledged because a moderate degree of reliability occurred in black elder even in the absence of selection against cheaters.
|
['Animals', 'Choice Behavior', 'Color', 'Cues', 'Diet', 'Fruit', 'Linear Models', 'Passeriformes', 'Sambucus', 'Seed Dispersal', 'Taste']
| 24,390,478
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.328.500.500'], ['G01.154.767', 'G15.620.500', 'G15.808'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Testing hypotheses regarding the causes of comorbidity: examining the underlying deficits of comorbid disorders.
|
The authors examined the validity of a method commonly used to test alternative hypotheses regarding the causes of comorbidity: the examination of underlying deficits of comorbid disorders. The authors simulated data in which the true causes of comorbidity were known, then compared the patterns of underlying deficits of the comorbid disorders found in the simulated data with the predicted results. The method of examining the underlying deficits of comorbid disorders could distinguish between several comorbidity models, including those that could not be distinguished well using other methods. The ability to distinguish the correct model decreased as the sample size and the correlation between the underlying deficits and the symptom scores decreased, suggesting that the issue of power should be considered carefully.
|
['Adult', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Causality', 'Child', 'Comorbidity', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dyslexia', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Models, Statistical', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 16,117,572
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.300', 'C10.597.606.150.550.200', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.300', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550.200', 'F03.625.562.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Syntaxin-3 and syntaxin-1A inhibit L-type calcium channel activity, insulin biosynthesis and exocytosis in beta-cell lines.
|
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Syntaxin-1A (Syn-1A) is known to play a negative regulatory role in insulin secretion but the precise mechanisms for its action are not clear. Syn-2, -3 and -4 are also present in islet beta cells but their functions are not known. Here, we investigated the role of these syntaxins in the insulin secretory process.METHODS: We examined the following effects of Syn-1, -2, -3 and -4 expression in insulinoma beta-cell lines. Endogenous insulin secretion was measured by batch radioimmunoassay (RIA) and single cell patch clamp capacitance measurements. The L-type Ca(2+) channel activity was studied by patch clamp electrophysiology. Insulin gene transcription was examined by Northern blotting and measurement of insulin gene promoter activity by the co-expression of cyan fluorescent protein-labelled rat insulin promoter.RESULTS: Syn-1A or -3, but not Syn-2 or -4 overexpression, inhibited K(+)-induced insulin release as determined by RIA (49.7 +/- 5.5 % and 49.1 +/- 6.2 %, respectively) and electrophysiologic membrane capacitance measurements (68.0 +/- 21.0 % and 58.0 +/- 13.2 %, respectively). Overexpressed Syn-1A and -3, but not Syn-2, inhibited Ca(2+) channel current amplitude by 39.5 +/- 11.6 % and 52.7 +/- 6.0 %, respectively. Of note, overexpression of Syn-1A and -3 also reduced single cell (by confocal microscopy) and total cellular endogenous insulin content (by RIA) by 24.8 +/- 4.2 % and 31.8 +/- 3.9 %, respectively. This correlated to a reduction in endogenous insulin mRNA by 24.5 +/- 4.2 % and 25.7 +/- 4.2 %, respectively. This inhibition of insulin biosynthesis is mainly at the level of insulin gene transcription as demonstrated by an inhibition of insulin gene promoter activity (53.3 +/- 9.15 % and 39.0 +/- 6.8 %, respectively).CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results demonstrate that Syn-1A and -3 possess strong inhibitory actions on both insulin exocytosis and insulin biosynthesis whereas Syn-2 and -4 do not inhibit the insulin secretory process.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Primers', 'Exocytosis', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Qa-SNARE Proteins', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Syntaxin 1', 'Transfection']
| 11,935,155
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.400', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.400'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G04.468'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.543.512.249.500.500', 'D12.776.543.990.775.500.500'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.543.512.249.500.500.700', 'D12.776.543.990.775.500.500.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physicochemical investigations of biogenic chitosan-silver nanocomposite as antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
|
Chitosan (CS), a seaweed polysaccharide is a natural macromolecule which is widely being used in medical applications because of its distinctive antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Silver, a noble metal, is also receiving wide attention for its potential usage in antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. In this study, an effective way of reduction of silver using chitosan at varying reaction temperatures and an optimised concentration of silver were performed. The optical, structural, spectral, morphological and elemental studies of the biosynthesized chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. The synthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibit particle size around 20nm and were further exploited for potent biological applications in nanomedicine due to their nanometric sizes and biocompatibility of chitosan. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CS-Ag nanocomposites exhibits zone of inhibition ranged between 09.666±0.577 and 19.000±1.000 (mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were from 8 to 128ìgmL-1 and 16 to 256ìgmL-1 respectively, with the highest antimicrobial activity shown against Gram-negative Salmonella sp. The synergistic effect of chitosan and silver as a composite in nanometric size revealed significant IC50 value of 29.35ìgmL-1 and a maximum of 95.56% inhibition at 100ìgmL-1 against A549 lung cancer cell line, resulting in potent anticancer effect.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chitosan', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Nanocomposites', 'Neoplasms', 'Silver']
| 27,381,584
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B03'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['C04'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CD103-positive CSC exosome promotes EMT of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: role of remote MiR-19b-3p.
|
BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is characterized by a highly metastatic potential. The stromal communication between stem cells and cancer cells critically influences metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.METHODS: The effect of exosomes isolated from cancer stem cells (CSCs) of CCRCC patients on the progress of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis of CCRCC cells were examined.RESULTS: CSCs exosomes promoted proliferation of CCRCC cells and accelerated the progress of EMT. Bioactive miR-19b-3p transmitted to cancer cells by CSC exosomes induced EMT via repressing the expression of PTEN. CSCs exosomes derived from CCRCC patients with lung metastasis produced the strongest promoting effect on EMT. Notably, CD103+ CSC exosomes were enriched in tumor cells and in lung as well, highlighting the organotropism conferred by CD103. In addition, CD103+ exosomes were increased in blood samples from CCRCC patients with lung metastasis.CONCLUSIONS: CSC exosomes transported miR-19b-3p into CCRCC cells and initiated EMT promoting metastasis. CD103+ acted to guide CSC exosomes to target cancer cells and organs, conferring the higher metastatic capacity of CCRCC to lungs, suggesting CD103+ exosomes as a potential metastatic diagnostic biomarker. ?.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Biological Transport', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Exosomes', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha Chains', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mice, Nude', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stromal Cells', 'Tumor Microenvironment', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 30,975,145
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['G03.143'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.356.500'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A11.872.650'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.850', 'D12.776.476.590', 'D12.776.624.776.695'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.329.830'], ['G04.366.500'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Electron microscopic study of the vacuolar system of the granular cells of the frog bladder under the effect of the antidiuretic hormone].
|
The ultrastructure of the vacuolar system of the frog urinary bladder epithelium has been studied under the influence of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It has been shown that large vacuoles of irregular form appear during the water stimulation. In some cases, the vacuole reservoirs are continuous with the electron dense canaliculi localized predominantly in the apical part of the cell cytoplasm. Vacuole membranes, microtubules and microfilaments are tightly connected. These cytoskeleton elements are supposed to be involved in the change of the vacuole form. During the incubation of the bladder in hypotonic solutions without ADH and osmotic gradient, swelling of all cell types was observed accompanied with the appearance of small vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Thus, it has been supposed that the formation of large vacuoles in the granular cells may be associated with the increased water transport across the cell stimulated by ADH.
|
['Animals', 'Epithelium', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Organoids', 'Rana temporaria', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Vacuoles', 'Vasopressins']
| 6,979,120
|
[['B01.050'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A10.802'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.420'], ['A05.810.890'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A pleiotropic mutation affecting purine metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
|
A pleiotropic mutation (cpm) which is localized in the vicinity of the spoOA gene is described in Bacillus subtilis. The mutation inhibits spore formation, rendering bacteria auxotrophic for adenine and tyrosine, enhances sensitivity to antibiotics, decreases cell motility, inhibits the ability to grow on pentoses and to maintain bacteriophage multiplication, induces severalfold the activities of alkaline proteinase and alpha-amylase. At the same time, the cpm mutant starts to excrete inosine into the growth medium. This excretion most probably is explained by a 50-fold increase in the activity of inosine monophosphate: 5'-nucleotidase and a 10-fold decrease in the activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The inosine production and Ade- phenotype of the cpm mutant is not accompanied by the change in the activity of succinyl adenosine monophosphate synthetase. The nature of the mutation is discussed.
|
["5'-Nucleotidase", 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Inosine', 'Mutation', 'Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase', 'Purines', 'Spores, Bacterial']
| 2,126,515
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.600.600'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616', 'D13.570.583.616', 'D13.570.800.573'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.800'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['A11.870.700', 'B05.775.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of nitrendipine (NIT) on maternal and fetal blood pressure, uterine blood flow, and blood gas status in pregnant sheep.
|
Ewes of between 126-134 days of gestation (term 147 days) were anesthetized and underwent vascular cannula placement in the maternal and fetal jugular vein and carotid artery. A flow probe was placed around the uterine artery supplying the pregnant horn. A median of 7 days after surgery, the effect of nitrendipine (NIT) (2-8 micrograms/kg/min in stepwise increments of 30 min each followed by a 2-h recovery period) on maternal and fetal systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), the uterine blood flow (UBF), and blood gas tensions was determined (n = 5 experiments). Control experiments (n = 4) in which vehicle only was infused were also performed. The infusion of NIT was associated with a small fall in maternal systolic BP and a progressive fall in maternal diastolic BP (p less than 0.01, less than 0.001; two-way ANOVA); UBF did not change. Fetal systolic BP actually rose during the NIT infusion (p less than 0.02) but there was no difference in fetal diastolic BP. Both maternal and fetal HR rose in the NIT group. Fetal pH remained very stable throughout as did PaCO2. Fetal PaO2 fell somewhat during the recovery stages in both NIT and control groups. There is considerable interest in the possible use of calcium channel blockers in treating pregnancy-induced hypertension. These preliminary experiments provide no evidence in conflict with such a use.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Heart Rate', 'Nitrendipine', 'Pregnancy', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sheep', 'Uterus']
| 2,468,895
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A16.378'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D03.383.725.203.590'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Design and one-pot and microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-amino/5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing a benzimidazole moiety as antioxidants.
|
In this study, two new series of 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles carrying a benzimidazole moiety were synthesized. The antioxidant properties of these compounds were investigated in vitro by the determination of the microsomal NADPH-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation levels (LP), the microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity (EROD), and DPPH radical scavenger effects. Among the tested compounds, 2-[(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-yl)methyl]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (9) was found to be the most active compound in all three in vitro systems.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Drug Design', 'Free Radicals', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Microwaves', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oxadiazoles', 'Picrates', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 22,467,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.462.580'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nitric oxide synthase localization in cultured cerebrovascular endothelium during mitosis.
|
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is present in cultured endothelial cells of cerebrovascular origin in a unique membrane-bound subcellular distribution. The enzyme can be detected by its ability to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium to an insoluble dense blue formazan precipitate. In resting cells, enzyme is located adjacent to the nuclear membrane in a single focus with very faint staining in the cytoplasm. During the various stages of cell division, however, NOS becomes redistributed in a pattern which appears similar to that of the Golgi complex. Enzyme is found concentrated near the spindle during early prophase and metaphase. During anaphase and telophase, NOS appears to also spread into the cytoplasm for redistribution into the daughter cells.
|
['Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytoplasm', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Microtubules', 'Mitosis', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Spindle Apparatus', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 7,511,538
|
[['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fibronectin assembly during early embryo development: A versatile communication system between cells and tissues.
|
BACKGROUND: Fibronectin extracellular matrix is essential for embryogenesis. Its assembly is a cell-mediated process where secreted fibronectin dimers bind to integrin receptors on receiving cells, which actively assemble fibronectin into a fibrillar matrix. During development, paracrine communication between tissues is crucial for coordinating morphogenesis, typically being mediated by growth factors and their receptors. Recent reports of situations where fibronectin is produced by one tissue and assembled by another, with implications on tissue morphogenesis, suggest that fibronectin assembly may also be a paracrine communication event in certain contexts.RESULTS: Here we addressed which tissues express fibronectin (Fn1) while also localizing assembled fibronectin matrix and determining the mRNA expression and/or protein distribution pattern of integrins á5 and áV, á chains of the major fibronectin assembly receptors, during early chick and mouse development. We found evidence supporting a paracrine system in fibronectin matrix assembly in several tissues, including immature mesenchymal tissues, components of central and peripheral nervous system and developing muscle.CONCLUSIONS: Thus, similarly to growth factor signaling, fibronectin matrix assembly during early development can be both autocrine and paracrine. We therefore propose that it be considered a cell-cell communication event at the same level and significance as growth factor signaling during embryogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Autocrine Communication', 'Avian Proteins', 'Chick Embryo', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibronectins', 'Mice', 'Paracrine Communication']
| 26,845,241
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.085.100'], ['D12.776.095'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G04.085.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex-related severity of inflammation in parenchymal brain cysticercosis.
|
To determine sex-related differences in the severity of host inflammatory reaction to cysticercosis, we studied computed tomographic findings in 100 patients with parenchymal neurocysticercosis and cerebrospinal fluid results in 239 patients with subarachnoid neurocysticercosis. Computed tomographic and cerebrospinal fluid data in male subjects were compared with those obtained in female subjects. We found that when cysticerci are found in brain parenchyma, women develop a greater degree of inflammation; such differences disappear when cysticerci are found in the subarachnoid space. Our results point out the possibility of a factor located within brain parenchyma that accounts for the observed sex-related differences in the severity of immune response to the parasite; this factor could also play a role in the pathogenesis of other immunologically mediated diseases of the brain that may occur more frequently in women. To our knowledge, this study is the first in demonstrating that sex is a risk factor for the severity of inflammatory response within brain parenchyma to a parasitic disease.
|
['Cysticercosis', 'Encephalitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Risk', 'Sex Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 3,341,855
|
[['C01.610.335.190.902.185'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mapping of a novel gene for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to chromosome 11.
|
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a cardiac disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. FHC has been shown to be genetically heterogeneous with less than 50% of published pedigrees being associated with mutations in the beta myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) gene on chromosome 14q11-q12. A second locus has recently been reported on chromosome 1. We examined the segregation of microsatellite markers in a French pedigree for which the disease is not linked to beta-MHC gene. We found significant linkage of the disease locus to several (CA)n repeats located on chromosome 11 (lod scores between +3.3 and +4.98). The data suggest the localization of the novel FHC gene in a region spanning 17 centiMorgans.
|
['Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11', 'DNA, Satellite', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Pedigree', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid']
| 8,358,441
|
[['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.355', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.355'], ['D13.444.308.480', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.340.024.220.150', 'G05.360.340.024.850.150'], ['G05.348'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.