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SAPPHIRE: scenarios, architecture, and process.
|
General Medical Practice (GMP) information systems within the UK are becoming more sophisticated and more complex and are widely available from numerous suppliers. Although such systems are viewed as being important, they are problematic in terms of interpreting and assessing their usefulness, and their impact upon work and the organisation (G. Walsham, Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations (Wiley, Chichester, 1993)). In particular, it is difficult for any who have an interest in these systems to apply existing technical specifications to a specific situation, and to match individual requirements with the supplier's products. The research project SAPPHIRE seeks to inform the decision making of stakeholders, e.g. GPs, facilitators and suppliers, with respect to procurement, update, design and supply of GMP systems by developing the means of evaluating such systems, and by facilitating an accreditation process through that evaluation. This extended paper introduces the multi-faceted approach, scenarios, architecture and process of SAPPHIRE.
|
['Accreditation', 'Family Practice', 'Humans', 'Information Systems', 'Software', 'Software Design', 'Systems Integration', 'United Kingdom', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 7,956,163
|
[['N03.706.110.070', 'N05.700.200.100'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['L01.224.900'], ['L01.224.900.820'], ['H01.770.787', 'L01.906.787'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and etoposide as immunosuppressive agents before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
|
Etoposide and cytarabine have been shown to exert high antileukemic activity and are currently under study as preparatory agents before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. However, data concerning their engraftment-promoting potency are scarce. Therefore, we tested these agents in LEW rats receiving a myeloablative dose of busulfan followed by transfer of F1 (CAP X LEW) marrow, which is unable to induce a graft-v-host reaction (GVHR). Since busulfan by itself has only minor immunosuppressive potency, graft rejection ensues unless etoposide, cytarabine, or cyclophosphamide provide additional immunosuppression to facilitate durable engraftment. Before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in humans, 120 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, 60 mg/kg of etoposide, or 900 mg/kg of cytarabine are the standard doses given in conjunction with total body irradiation. Seventy-five percent of these doses administered in addition to busulfan resulted in rejection rates of 75% for cytarabine and 58% for etoposide, respectively, whereas no rejections were observed with cyclophosphamide. These data indicate that etoposide and cytarabine are inferior to cyclophosphamide in their rejection-preventing potential. Using either of these agents as substitutes for cyclophosphamide before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may increase the risk of graft rejection in HLA-mismatched bone marrow transplantation and, in case of HLA identity, if T-depleted marrow is administered.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Busulfan', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Cytarabine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Etoposide', 'Graft Survival', 'Immunosuppression', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 3,052,627
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['D02.033.455.125.125', 'D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.100'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effects of the human MDR1 genotype on the expression of duodenal P-glycoprotein and disposition of the probe drug talinolol.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human multidrug-resistance gene in wobble position of exon 26 reportedly predicts expression and function of P-glycoprotein in human enterocytes and lymphocytes. Several other allelic variants of MDR1 have been identified, some of which lead to amino acid exchange with as yet unknown functional relevance.METHODS: In healthy white volunteers, we investigated the influence of the hereditary variants C3435T in exon 26 and G2677T/A (Ala893Ser/Thr) in exon 21 and the influence of 7 frequent or putative functional SNPs on duodenal MDR1 messenger ribonucleic acid (n = 32) and immunoreactive P-glycoprotein (n = 37) expression. Moreover, the disposition of the probe drug talinolol was evaluated in 55 subjects after oral administration (100 mg) and in 23 subjects after intravenous administration(30 mg).RESULTS: Duodenal MDR1 messenger ribonucleic acid and P-glycoprotein, as assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) and immunostaining, were not influenced by any MDR1 polymorphism studied. Talinolol disposition was not affected by the exon 26 mutation C3435T. In carriers of the TT/TA variants of G2677T/A, the area under the serum concentration-time curve values of oral talinolol were slightly but significantly elevated compared with those in carriers of at least 1 wild-type allele (P <.05, Kruskal-Wallis test; P =.014, Mann-Whitney U test). However, multiple comparisons with combinations of putative functional SNPs did not confirm a significant influence of the MDR1 genotype on talinolol disposition.CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any influence of MDR1 genotypes on duodenal expression of P-glycoprotein and disposition of talinolol in humans.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Duodenum', 'Female', 'Genes, MDR', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Propanolamines', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 12,426,521
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.361', 'G05.360.340.024.340.645.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Resting membrane potential as a marker of apoptosis: studies on Xenopus oocytes microinjected with cytochrome c.
|
Observation of the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane is described as a new method for monitoring apoptosis of a single cell. The resting membrane potential (DeltaPsi) of Xenopus oocytes has been recorded in real time following microinjection of cytochrome c. Soon after microinjection, DeltaPsi becomes less negative and attains a new constant value with a half time, t(m), of about 35 (+ /- 5) min at all cytochrome c concentrations greater than 1 microM. The cytosol extract of cytochrome c-injected oocytes shows DEVD proteolytic activity characteristic of aspartate specific proteases, implicating an apoptotic death pathway. In response to the delivery of cytochrome c into the cytosol, caspases are activated within 7 min while the changes in DeltaPsi begin to occur after about 30 min. The method described here will be potentially useful to assess the effectiveness of cell death regulators and modulators of synthetic and biological origin, and the results presented shed light on the currently debated issue of the importance of the redox state of cytochrome c in the initiation of apoptosis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase Inhibitors', 'Caspases', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'Cytochromes c', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Microinjections', 'Oocytes', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Protein Conformation', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 11,313,704
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.325.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A conserved carboxy-terminal domain in the major tegument structural protein VP22 facilitates virion packaging of a chimeric protein during productive herpes simplex virus 1 infection.
|
Recombinant virus HSV-1(RF177) was previously generated to examine tegument protein VP22 function by inserting the GFP gene into the gene encoding VP22. During a detailed analysis of this virus, we discovered that RF177 produces a novel fusion protein between the last 15 amino acids of VP22 and GFP, termed GCT-VP22. Thus, the VP22 carboxy-terminal specific antibody 22-3 and two anti-GFP antibodies reacted with an approximately 28 kDa protein from RF177-infected Vero cells. GCT-VP22 was detected at 1 and 3 hpi. Examination of purified virions indicated that GCT-VP22 was incorporated into RF177 virus particles. These observations imply that at least a portion of the information required for virion targeting is located in this domain of VP22. Indirect immunofluorescence analyses showed that GCT-VP22 also localized to areas of marginalized chromatin during RF177 infection. These results indicate that the last fifteen amino acids of VP22 participate in virion targeting during HSV-1 infection.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Vero Cells', 'Viral Structural Proteins', 'Virus Assembly']
| 19,307,008
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G05.728'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955'], ['D12.776.964.970'], ['G06.920.925.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TrkA amino acids controlling specificity for nerve growth factor.
|
Neurotrophins are important for the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system, mediating their signal into the cell by specific interaction with tyrosine kinase receptors of the Trk family. The extracellular portion of the Trk receptors has been previously proposed to consist of a cysteine-rich motif, a leucine-rich motif, a second cysteine-rich motif followed by two immunoglobulin-like domains. Earlier studies have shown that a major neurotrophin-binding site in the Trk receptors resides in the second immunoglobulin-like domain. Although the individual amino acids in TrkA involved in binding to nerve growth factor (NGF) and those in TrkC involved in binding to neurotrophin-3 have been mapped in this domain, the Trk amino acids that provide specificity remained unclear. In this study, a minimum set of residues in the human TrkC second immunoglobulin-like domain, which does not bind nerve growth factor (NGF), were substituted with those from human TrkA. The resulting Trk variant recruited binding of NGF equivalent to TrkA, maintained neurotrophin-3 binding equivalent to TrkC, and also bound brain-derived neurotrophin, although with lower affinity compared with TrkB. This implies that the amino acids in the second immunoglobulin-like domain that determine Trk specificity are distinct for each Trk.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Binding Sites', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Engineering', 'Receptor, trkA', 'Receptor, trkC', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 10,713,102
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['D12.644.276.860.775', 'D12.776.467.860.775', 'D12.776.631.600.775', 'D23.529.850.775'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.660', 'D12.776.543.750.630.496', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.550'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.800', 'D12.776.543.750.630.499', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Histological reassessment of three kidneys originally described by Richard Bright in 1827-36.
|
Portions of kidney from three patients with renal disease that were originally described by Richard Bright between 1827 and 1836 have been preserved in the Gordon Museum at Guy's Hospital. Histological study has shown that two cases fall into the current diagnostic category of mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis. One of these patients had a five-year clinical history and died with chronic renal failure and uraemia. The other patient died after three to four months with a severe nephrotic syndrome. The third patient was a young woman with chronic "phthisis pulmonalis" and renal amyloidosis.
|
['Adult', 'Edema', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'History, 19th Century', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'London', 'Male', 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'Pathology', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Uremia']
| 4,113,938
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.277'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643'], ['H02.403.650'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['C12.777.419.936', 'C13.351.968.419.936']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Hot-flashes in breast cancer survivors: effectiveness of low-dosage fluoxetine. A pilot study.
|
Breast carcinoma survivors suffering from hot-flashes experience a negative impact on their quality of life. Antidepressants have recently been proven to be effective in these women, significantly reducing the vasomotor symptoms. With this in mind, a single-arm clinical trial low-dose regimen of Fluoxetine (10 mg/day for 4 weeks) was given to twenty symptomatic breast cancer patients. Among the 12 women evaluated at the end of treatment, a statistically significant reduction of the mean number of daily hot-flashes (-36.3%, p = 0.001) and hot-flashes score (-46.2%, p = 0.0006) had been detected as compared to the baseline data. Although the dosage of Fluoxetine used in these trials was lower than earlier published, it should be noted that these positive results were achieved without any relevant side effects.
|
['Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Fluoxetine', 'Hot Flashes', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,270,523
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['C23.888.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fibroblast populated collagen matrix promotes islet survival and reduces the number of islets required for diabetes reversal.
|
Islet transplantation represents a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes. However, due to loss of substantial mass of islets early after transplantation, islets from two or more donors are required to achieve insulin independence. Islet-extracellular matrix disengagement, which occurs during islet isolation process, leads to subsequent islet cell apoptosis and is an important contributing factor to early islet loss. In this study, we developed a fibroblast populated collagen matrix (FPCM) as a novel scaffold to improve islet cell viability and function post-transplantation. FPCM was developed by embedding fibroblasts within type-I collagen and used as scaffold for islet grafts. Viability and insulin secretory function of islets embedded within FPCM was evaluated in vitro and in a syngeneic murine islet transplantation model. Islets embedded within acellular matrix or naked islets were used as control. Islet cell survival and function was markedly improved particularly after embedding within FPCM. The composite scaffold significantly promoted islet isograft survival and reduced the critical islet mass required for diabetes reversal by half (from 200 to 100 islets per recipient). Fibroblast embedded within FPCM produced fibronectin and growth factors and induced islet cell proliferation. No evidence of fibroblast over-growth within composite grafts was noticed. These results confirm that FPCM significantly promotes islet viability and functionality, enhances engraftment of islet grafts and decreases the critical islet mass needed to reverse hyperglycemia. This promising finding offers a new approach to reducing the number of islet donors per recipient and improving islet transplant outcome.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Collagen Type I', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibronectins', 'Graft Survival', 'Insulin', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Culture Techniques', 'Tissue Scaffolds']
| 21,506,112
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['E02.095.147.500.250', 'E04.270.550', 'E04.936.225.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.481.500.617'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Postpartum contraception: effect of lynestrenol during the lactation period (author's transl)].
|
167 women were treated with 0.5 mg lynestrenol/day for a period of 8-32 weeks immediately postpartum. The lactation periods of 67 of the women were observed during the stay in hospital (maximum 7 days) in comparison with a control group (n = 20) of untreated women in the puerperium. There was no quantitative difference in milk production between the lynestrenol-treated women and the control group. In order to exclude a possible thromboembolic effect the lynestrenol the thrombocyte aggregation was determined in all women at 4-weekly intervals as a measure of a thrombotic tendency. During the entire period of the investigation the mean PAT rating remained between I and II. Among the clinical parameters a raised amenorrhea rate of 21% and a larger proportion (39%) of breakthrough bleedings were notable. The responded easily to treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cervix Mucus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lactation', 'Lynestrenol', 'Menstruation Disturbances', 'Milk, Human', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy']
| 408,604
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A12.200.503.339'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.693.494'], ['C23.550.568'], ['A12.200.467', 'A12.790.500', 'G07.203.100.700.500', 'G07.203.300.350.525.500', 'J02.200.700.500', 'J02.500.350.525.500'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The role of dexamethasone on decreasing urinary cytokines in children with acute pyelonephritis.
|
Cytokines play a major role in renal scar formation following febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). We investigated the role of dexamethasone combined with antibiotics in diminishing urinary interleukin-6 (UIL-6) and UIL-8 concentrations during the acute phase of pyelonephritis compared with standard antibiotic therapy. UIL-6 and UIL-8 concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 34 children with pyelonephritis who were treated with ceftriaxone plus dexamethasone (case group) and in 20 patients with the same diagnosis treated with ceftriaxone alone (control group). Urine samples were obtained at the time of presentation prior to drug administration and at follow-up 72 h after initiation of medication. Creatinine concentrations were also determined, and cytokine/creatinine ratios were calculated to standardize samples. Differences between cytokine/creatinine ratios in initial and follow-up urine samples were significant in the case group (P < 0.001) but not for controls. In addition, combined antibiotic and dexamethasone significantly decreased UIL-6 and UIL-8 concentrations compared with antibiotic alone (P < 0.05). We conclude that dexamethasone combined with antibiotics significantly decreases UIL-6 and UIL-8 levels in patients with acute pyelonephritis. This suggests that the clinical use of corticosteroids may prevent scar formation following febrile UTI.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cicatrix', 'Creatinine', 'Cytokines', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Pyelonephritis', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 18,551,321
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A10.165.450.300', 'C23.550.355.274', 'G16.762.891.249'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C12.777.419.570.643.790', 'C12.777.419.570.821.717', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643.790', 'C13.351.968.419.570.821.717'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced in vivo osteogenesis by nanocarrier-fused bone morphogenetic protein-4.
|
PURPOSE: Bone defects and nonunions are major clinical skeletal problems. Growth factors are commonly used to promote bone regeneration; however, the clinical impact is limited because the factors do not last long at a given site. The introduction of tissue engineering aimed to deter the diffusion of these factors is a promising therapeutic strategy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo osteogenic capability of an engineered bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) fusion protein.METHODS: BMP4 was fused with a nanosized carrier, collagen-binding domain (CBD), derived from fibronectin. The stability of the CBD-BMP4 fusion protein was examined in vitro and in vivo. Osteogenic effects of CBD-BMP4 were evaluated by computer tomography after intramedullary injection without a collagen-sponge scaffold. Recombinant BMP-4, CBD, or vehicle were used as controls. Expressions of bone-related genes and growth factors were compared among the groups. Osteogenesis induced by CBD-BMP4, BMP4, and CBD was also assessed in a bone-defect model.RESULTS: In vitro, CBD-BMP4 was retained in a collagen gel for at least 7 days while BMP4 alone was released within 3 hours. In vivo, CBD-BMP4 remained at the given site for at least 2 weeks, both with or without a collagen-sponge scaffold, while BMP4 disappeared from the site within 3 days after injection. CBD-BMP4 induced better bone formation than BMP4 did alone, CBD alone, and vehicle after the intramedullary injection into the mouse femur. Bone-related genes and growth factors were expressed at higher levels in CBD-BMP4-treated mice than in all other groups, including BMP4-treated mice. Finally, CBD-BMP4 potentiated more bone formation than did controls, including BMP4 alone, when applied to cranial bone defects without a collagen scaffold.CONCLUSION: Altogether, nanocarrier-CBD enhanced the retention of BMP4 in the bone, thereby promoting augmented osteogenic responses in the absence of a scaffold. These results suggest that CBD-BMP4 may be clinically useful in facilitating bone formation.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4', 'Collagen', 'Drug Carriers', 'Female', 'Fibronectins', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Nanoparticles', 'Osteogenesis', 'Rabbits', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Skull', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds']
| 23,630,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.400', 'D12.776.467.942.200.400', 'D23.529.942.200.400'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by modified pine bark.
|
To enhance removal efficiency of natural sorbent with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), single-solute and bi-solute sorption of phenanthrene and pyrene onto raw and modified pine bark were investigated. Pine bark was modified using Soxhlet extraction, saponification and acid hydrolysis, yielding six bark fractions with different chemical compositions. Raw pine bark exhibited high affinities with PAHs, and sorption was dominated by partitioning. The relatively nonlinear sorption isotherms of modified bark were attributed to the specific interaction between sorbate and aromatic core of sorbent. Comparison with lipid and suberin, lignin was the most powerful sorption medium, but which was almost completely suppressed by coexisting polysaccharide. After consuming polysaccharide by acid hydrolysis, sorption of pine bark fractions was notably increased (4-17 folds); and sorption of pyrene just decreased 16-34% with phenanthrene as a competitor. These observations suggest that pine bark is of great potential for PAHs removal and can be significantly promoted by acid hydrolysis for environmental application.
|
['Adsorption', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lignin', 'Phenanthrenes', 'Pinus', 'Plant Bark', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Pyrenes', 'Regression Analysis', 'Solutions', 'Temperature', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 20,578,284
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G02.380'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.515', 'D05.750.078.687', 'D20.538', 'D25.720.099.687', 'J01.637.051.720.099.687'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.723', 'D04.615.723'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.875.777'], ['A18.024.750.200'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799', 'D04.615.799'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation and characterization of Rhodobacter capsulatus mutants affected in cytochrome cbb3 oxidase activity.
|
The facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus contains only one form of cytochrome (cyt) c oxidase, which has recently been identified as a cbb3-type cyt c oxidase. This is unlike other related species, such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Paracoccus denitrificans, which contain an additional mitochondrial-like aa3-type cyt c oxidase. An extensive search for mutants affected in cyt c oxidase activity in R. capsulatus led to the isolation of at least five classes of mutants. Plasmids complementing them to a wild-type phenotype were obtained for all but one of these classes from a chromosomal DNA library. The first class of mutants contained mutations within the structural genes (ccoNOQP) of the cyt cbb3 oxidase. Sequence analysis of these mutants and of the plasmids complementing them revealed that ccoNOQP in R. capsulatus is not flanked by the oxygen response regulator fnr, which is located upstream of these genes in other species. Genetic and biochemical characterizations of mutants belonging to this group indicated that the subunits CcoN, CcoO, and CcoP are required for the presence of an active cyt cbb3 oxidase, and unlike in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, no active CcoN-CcoO subcomplex was found in R. capsulatus. In addition, mutagenesis experiments indicated that the highly conserved open reading frame 277 located adjacent to ccoNOQP is required neither for cyt cbb3 oxidase activity or assembly nor for respiratory or photosynthetic energy transduction in R. capsulatus. The remaining cyt c oxidase-minus mutants mapped outside of ccoNOQP and formed four additional groups. In one of these groups, a fully assembled but inactive cyt cbb3 oxidase was found, while another group had only extremely small amounts of it. The next group was characterized by a pleiotropic effect on all membrane-bound c-type cytochromes, and the remaining mutants not complemented by the plasmids complementing the first four groups formed at least one additional group affecting the biogenesis of the cyt cbb3 oxidase of R. capsulatus.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Genomic Library', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Operon', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating', 'Rhodobacter capsulatus', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity']
| 9,473,054
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D08.811.682.662.582'], ['B03.440.623.225', 'B03.660.050.750.700.225'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gene expression profile of renal proximal tubules regulated by proteinuria.
|
BACKGROUND: Proximal tubules activated by reabsorption of protein are thought to play significant roles in the progression of kidney diseases. Thus, identification of genes related to proteinuria should provide insights into the pathological process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.METHOD: Gene expression profiles were constructed by means of direct sequencing procedures to identify genes induced in the mouse kidney proximal tubules (PT) exposed to proteinuria.RESULTS: By comparing the gene expression of control PT to that of disease model PT, the abundantly expressed genes in control PT were down-regulated presumably because of potentially toxic effects of proteinuria. From the more than 1000 up-regulated genes, an immunity related gene, thymic shared antigen-1 (TSA-1), and a novel gene, GS188, were selected for further characterization. The increased expression of TSA-1, a member of the Ly-6 family, and of GS188 in response to proteinuria was confirmed by Northern analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and laser microdissection along with real-time PCR analysis. Full length cloning of GS188 identified it as a family member of LR8 that was reported to express predominantly in fibroblasts.CONCLUSIONS: The gene expression profiles showed that the expression patterns in PT were changed dramatically by proteinuria. The profiles include novel genes that should be further characterized to aid the understanding of the pathophysiology of progressive kidney diseases.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Ly', 'Avian Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nephritis, Interstitial', 'Proteins', 'Proteinuria', 'RNA, Messenger', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Up-Regulation']
| 11,967,007
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.920', 'D23.101.100.920'], ['D12.776.095'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C12.777.419.570.643', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643'], ['D12.776'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The presence of free G protein beta/gamma subunits in human neutrophils results in suppression of adenylate cyclase activity.
|
We have examined the adenylate cyclase of human neutrophil membranes and compared it to that of human platelet membranes. Stimulated activities were at least 20-fold lower in the neutrophil than in the human platelet. The inhibitory hormone epinephrine was able to attenuate markedly the adenylate cyclase activity of human platelets at micromolar concentrations, whereas little inhibition was observed in the human neutrophil at up to 100 microM concentrations. When we examined the ability of exogenous pure beta/gamma subunits to affect adenylate cyclase activity in both systems, we observed dose-dependent inhibition of stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in the platelet, whereas no inhibition of neutrophil adenylate cyclase could be detected. This difference did not appear to be due to differences in the degree of incorporation of beta/gamma into each membrane. The effects of G protein alpha subunits were also examined. In the platelet, unliganded G protein alpha produced an increase in adenylate cyclase activity of limited extent which saturated at relatively low levels of alpha subunit. In the neutrophil, the effect of unliganded G protein alpha did not appear to saturate and produced much larger relative increases in adenylate cyclase activity. Quantitation of the free beta/gamma activity in neutrophil extracts detected free beta/gamma activity even in the absence of G protein activators. We hypothesize the human neutrophil to be a system in which an excess of free beta/gamma subunits is present and which suppresses neutrophil adenylate cyclase activity. This excess of free beta/gamma minimizes any additional effect of exogenous beta/gamma, but can be reversed by addition of proteins which can bind beta/gamma subunits, e.g. G alpha subunits.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cattle', 'Cell Membrane', 'Epinephrine', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Humans', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Neutrophils', 'Thionucleotides']
| 3,100,516
|
[['D27.505.519.389.108'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeting miRNA for Therapy of Juvenile and Adult Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
|
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a multifactorial disease often diagnosed with high blood glucose levels, is rapidly increasing in the world. Association of DM with multi-organ dysfunction including cardiomyopathy makes it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There are two major types of DM: type 1 DM (T1D) and type 2 DM (T2D). T1D is diagnosed by reduced levels of insulin and high levels of glucose in the blood. It is caused due to pancreatic beta cell destruction/loss, and mostly found in juveniles (juvenile DM). T2D is diagnosed by increased levels of insulin and glucose in the blood. It is caused due to insulin receptor dysfunction, and mostly found in the adults (adult DM). Both T1D and T2D impair cardiac muscle function, which is referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. We and others have reported that miRNAs, a novel class of tiny non-coding regulatory RNAs, are differentially expressed in the diabetic heart and they contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we elaborated the biogenesis of miRNA, how miRNA regulates a gene, cardioprotective roles of different miRNAs including miRNAs present in exosomes, underlying molecular mechanisms by which miRNA ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the role of miRNA as a potential therapeutic target for juvenile and adult diabetic cardiomyopathy.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Cardiomyopathies', 'Exosomes', 'Fibrosis', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Insulin Resistance', 'MicroRNAs', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Oxidative Stress', 'RNA Interference']
| 29,754,174
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C14.280.238.235', 'C19.246.099.625'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['C23.550.355'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E02.319.574'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G05.308.203.374.790']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic defect in biosynthesis of the precursor form of the fourth component of complement.
|
Under cell-free conditions, liver polysomes from guinea pigs genetically deficient in the fourth component of complement (C4) did not synthesize pro-C4 (the precursor of C4), but did synthesize nascent C4 polypeptides which remained polysome bound. The defect was specific for pro-C4 synthesis since the amounts of total protein and albumin synthesis and release from C4-deficient polysomes were similar to that in normal guinea pig liver polysomes.
|
['Animals', 'Cell-Free System', 'Complement C4', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Liver', 'Polyribosomes', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 17,569,484
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811.740'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Potential use of folate-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-appended dendrimer (G3) conjugate with á-cyclodextrin as DNA carriers to tumor cells.
|
We previously reported that polyamidoamine STARBURST dendrimer (generation 3, G3) (dendrimer) conjugate with á-cyclodextrin (á-CyD) having an average degree of substitution of 2.4 of á-CyD (á-CDE) provided remarkable aspects as novel carriers for DNA and small-interfering RNA. To develop novel á-CDE derivatives with tumor cell specificity, we prepared folate-appended á-CDEs (Fol-á-CDEs) and folate-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-appended á-CDEs (Fol-PáCs) with the various degrees of substitution of folate (DSF), and evaluated in vitro and in vivo gene transfer activity, cytotoxicity, cellular association and physicochemical properties. In vitro gene transfer activity of Fol-á-CDEs (G3, DSF 2, 5 or 7) was lower than that of á-CDE (G3) in KB cells, folate receptor (FR)-overexpressing cancer cells. Of the three Fol-PáCs (G3, DSF 2, 5 or 7), Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) had the highest gene transfer activity in KB cells. The activity of Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) was significantly higher than that of á-CDE (G3) in KB cells, but not in A549 cells, FR-negative cells. Negligible cytotoxicity of the plasmid DNA (pDNA) complex with Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) was observed in KB cells or A549 cells up to a charge ratio of 100/1 (carrier/pDNA). The cellular association of the pDNA complex with Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) could be mediated by FR on KB cells, resulting in its efficient cellular uptake. Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) had a higher binding affinity with folate-binding protein than á-CDE (G3), although the physicochemical properties of pDNA complex with Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) were almost comparable to that with á-CDE (G3), although the onset charge ratio and the compaction ability of Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) were slightly different. Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5) tended to show a higher gene transfer activity than á-CDE (G3) 12 h after intratumoral administration in mice. These results suggest that Fol-PáC (G3, DSF 5), not Fol-á-CDEs, could be potentially used as a FR-overexpressing cancer cell-selective DNA carrier.
|
['Animals', 'DNA', 'Dendrimers', 'Folic Acid', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Polyamines', 'Transfection', 'alpha-Cyclodextrins']
| 22,402,627
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D05.750.327', 'E02.319.300.380.200', 'J01.637.512.600.200'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['E05.393.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D02.092.782'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D04.345.103.222', 'D09.301.915.400.375.222', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.222']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Revised estimates of enterococcal chromosomal sizes.
|
We previously reported that the chromosomal sizes of four strains of enterococci ranged from 2,045 to 2,761 kb. Extensive analysis and mapping subsequently confirmed the size of Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1 as 2,825 kb (prior size estimate range, 2,750-2,761 kb) (Murray et al., J. Bacteriol. 175, 5216, 1993). However, using variable conditions of electrophoresis and additional digestions, revised size estimates for the other strains are 2,852-3,093 kb for E. faecalis strain JH2-2 (prior range, 2,008-2,135 kb), 2,910-3,065 kb for E. faecalis strain HH67 (prior range, 2,170-2,288 kb), and 2,334-2,558 for E. faecium strain GE-1 (prior range, 2,045-2,155 kb). The earlier underestimations of the chromosomal sizes were due to the inconsistent presence of a large fragment, likely caused by shearing of the DNA during handling, causing it to be considered a partial digestion product, and failure to resolve multiple fragments of the same approximate size.
|
['Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Enterococcus faecium', 'Molecular Weight', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Species Specificity']
| 7,702,757
|
[['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.300', 'B03.510.550.250.250.300'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improved thin-layer chromatography bioautographic assay for the detection of actylcholinesterase inhibitors in plants.
|
INTRODUCTION: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautographic method is a simple and rapid method to screen acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plant extracts. However, the high consumption of enzyme (6 U/mL) in current methods makes the procedure expensive, which is an obstacle to scientific research centers lacking funding.OBJECTIVE: To develop a new low-cost TLC bioautographic method.METHODOLOGY: A series of compounds, as substrates, were synthesised and their ability to be hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase was evaluated by the HPLC method.RESULTS: 4-Methoxyphenyl acetate (14) was proved to be an appropriate substrate for TLC bioautographic assay. Therefore a new and cheap TLC bioautographic assay was set up. The mechanism of this new method is that the enzyme converts 4-methoxylphenyl acetate into 4-methoxyphenol, which reacts with a solution of potassium ferricyanide ([K₃(FeCN)₆]) and iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O) to make an aquamarine blue coloured background on the TLC plates. Regions of the TLC plate which contain acetylcholinesterase inhibitors show up as light yellow spots against the background. The consumption of enzyme (1 U/mL) in the new method is low and the detection limit of two known acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, huperzine A (0.0001 ìg) and physostigmine (0.001 ìg), for this assay are close to published values.CONCLUSION: A low-cost TLC bioautographic method was developed, which will benefit research groups pursuing natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
|
['Acetylation', 'Alkaloids', 'Anisoles', 'Chlorides', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Chromogenic Compounds', 'Color', 'Enzyme Assays', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Ferricyanides', 'Hydrolysis', 'Limit of Detection', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phellodendron', 'Phenylacetates', 'Physostigmine', 'Plant Bark', 'Plant Extracts', 'Sesquiterpenes', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 21,433,160
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['D03.132'], ['D02.355.601.200', 'D02.355.726.158', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.158'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['D27.720.233.174', 'D27.720.470.410.200'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['E05.196.427'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350', 'D01.490.100.300', 'D01.625.400.100.325'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.717'], ['D02.241.223.601'], ['D02.241.081.251.583.682', 'D03.132.436.545', 'D03.633.100.473.402.545', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.545'], ['A18.024.750.200'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.455.849.765'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult men.
|
Secular trends in the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness to educational and income levels were examined for white and black men aged 18-34 y over the period 1960-80 with data from three successive national surveys: NHES Cycle I, NHANES I, and NHANES II. Statistical models were fitted to assess the variability in mean BMI over time within levels of education or income. There were few secular changes in mean BMI. In both white and black men a secular change from a slight positive association between mean BMI and education to a negative association was characterized chiefly by an increase in mean BMI at the lowest educational level. A slight positive association between income level and mean BMI persisted almost unchanged over this period. Mean BMI was similar for black and white men. These findings are compared and contrasted with those from a similar study for young women.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Educational Status', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Skinfold Thickness', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Statistics as Topic', 'United States']
| 3,414,569
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['N01.824.196'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.803', 'E05.041.124.803', 'G07.100.100.803'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Attention during natural vision warps semantic representation across the human brain.
|
Little is known about how attention changes the cortical representation of sensory information in humans. On the basis of neurophysiological evidence, we hypothesized that attention causes tuning changes to expand the representation of attended stimuli at the cost of unattended stimuli. To investigate this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure how semantic representation changed during visual search for different object categories in natural movies. We found that many voxels across occipito-temporal and fronto-parietal cortex shifted their tuning toward the attended category. These tuning shifts expanded the representation of the attended category and of semantically related, but unattended, categories, and compressed the representation of categories that were semantically dissimilar to the target. Attentional warping of semantic representation occurred even when the attended category was not present in the movie; thus, the effect was not a target-detection artifact. These results suggest that attention dynamically alters visual representation to optimize processing of behaviorally relevant objects during natural vision.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Concept Formation', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Motion Pictures', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Semantics', 'Visual Perception']
| 23,603,707
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598'], ['F04.711.513'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical study of noise-induced deafness. Part 12: Results of tests on cases of tinnitus and evaluation].
|
For 80 cases of noise-induced deafness, various tests on tinnitus were performed to obtain results as follows. 1) When tinnitus was analyzed by the tinnitus questionnaire, many had bilateral tinnitus all the time, while few noted changes in the tone and loudness of sound. 2) As for the tinnitus frequency obtained by the pitch match test, cases with 4 kHz or more were many, accounting for 81 percent. The average tinnitus frequency was 5500 Hz. The rate of agreement with the frequency for the maximum hearing loss was 55 percent. In cases where the tinnitus frequency was not in agreement with the frequency for the maximum hearing loss, the tinnitus frequency was noted in the lower range of tone than the frequency for the maximum hearing loss. 3) The loudness of tinnitus is measured by the loudness balance test was not more than 5 dB in 86 percent of the cases. 4) As for evaluation on the subjective expression, expressions such as "zee", "keen", "meen" were many. On the pitch-match test, most of tinnitus was of the pure tone but there might be some composed of noise judging from onomatopoeic words. As for evaluation, the subjective expression was considered close to the tinnitus frequency when emphasis is placed on 2 points of evaluation. 5) As for results of the masking test, convergence type and distance type according to the Feldmann's classification were found in many cases. 6) When the tinnitogram was classified into 5 types, the high-pitched tone obliquely dip type and the dip type accounted for 80 percent. The masking inability was noted in 9 percent. The agreement between the lowest frequency for masking in the masked cases and the tinnitus frequency in the pitch-match test was found in 82%, if similar cases are included. This shows that the tinnitus frequency can be found from the masking test as well. 7) A look at the masking level at each frequency indicated that the band noise at 125 Hz might be a sound that can be masked regardless of the tinnitus frequency. 8) The rate of RI appearance was low at 36 percent, indicating that the white noise 80 dB failed to mask tinnitus.
|
['Aged', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Hearing Tests', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tinnitus']
| 2,376,790
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['E01.370.382.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Differential acute-phase response of rat kininogen genes involves type I and type II interleukin-6 response elements.
|
The serum concentration of rat T1 kininogen increases 20-30-fold in response to acute inflammation. This increase, induced in the liver, is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. In contrast, synthesis of a homologous K kininogen is not induced. In this study, we further analyzed a 321-base pair interleukin (IL)-6 response element in the T1 kininogen promoter and showed that it consists of at least three functionally distinct sequences (A, B, and C boxes). All three sequences were required for full promoter activity. The B box, a strong C/EBP-binding site, was crucial for T1 kininogen's basal expression, whereas A and C boxes resembled the type II IL-6 response elements and were critical for the cytokine response. C/EBP alpha, -beta, and -delta interacted with the B box sequence; however, upon IL-6 stimulation, C/EBP delta binding activity was dramatically induced and became the predominant factor binding to this site. Consistent with these binding studies were the cotransfection experiments, revealing that C/EBP delta was the most potent transactivator under induced conditions and that its transactivation on the T1 kininogen promoter required an intact B box. These findings substantiated the importance of the B box in eliciting the full acute-phase response. A sequence comparison showed the K kininogen promoter contained identical A and B boxes but differed from the T1 kininogen promoter by two nucleotides at the C box. This divergence reduced the IL-6 response by approximately 4-fold, thus contributing to the differential inflammatory response. Our studies demonstrate that evolutionary divergence of a few nucleotides at a critical sequence in the promoter regions can profoundly alter the expression patterns of downstream genes.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dexamethasone', 'Exons', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Kininogens', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,244,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.812', 'D12.776.660.167.812', 'D12.776.930.127.124.812'], ['D12.776.260.108.124', 'D12.776.660.167', 'D12.776.930.127.124'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.812.654', 'D12.776.124.125.635', 'D12.776.467.812.654', 'D12.776.811.420', 'D23.119.630', 'D23.469.050.375.425', 'D23.529.812.654'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas: defining the role for endoscopic endonasal approaches.
|
OBJECT: Because multiple anatomical compartments are involved, the surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas requires a spectrum of cranial base approaches. The endoscopic endonasal approach to Meckel's cave provides a minimal access corridor for surgery, but few reports have assessed outcomes of the procedure or provided guidelines for case selection.METHODS: A prospectively acquired database of 680 endoscopic endonasal cases was queried for trigeminal schwannoma cases. Clinical charts, radiographic images, and long-term outcomes were reviewed to determine outcome and success in removing tumor from each compartment traversed by the trigeminal nerve.RESULTS: Four patients had undergone endoscopic resection of trigeminal schwannomas via the transpterygoid approach (mean follow-up 37 months). All patients had disease within Meckel's cave, and 1 patient had extension into the posterior fossa. Gross-total resection was achieved in 3 patients whose tumors were purely extracranial. One patient with combined Meckel's cave and posterior fossa tumor had complete resection of the extracranial disease and 52% resection of the posterior fossa disease. One patient with posterior fossa disease experienced a sixth cranial nerve palsy in addition to a corneal keratopathy from worsened trigeminal neuropathy. There were no CSF leaks. Over the course of the study, 1 patient with subtotal resection required subsequent stereotactic radiosurgery for disease progression within the posterior fossa.CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic endonasal approaches appear to be well suited for trigeminal schwannomas restricted to Meckel's cave and/or extracranial segments of the nerve. Lateral transcranial skull base approaches should be considered for patients with posterior fossa disease. Further multiinstitutional studies will be necessary for adequate power to help determine relative indications between endoscopic and transcranial skull base approaches.
|
['Adult', 'Cranial Nerve Neoplasms', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurilemmoma', 'Nose', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Trigeminal Nerve']
| 25,270,136
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.300', 'C04.588.614.596.240', 'C10.292.225', 'C10.551.360', 'C10.551.775.250'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A08.800.800.120.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequences by tumor necrosis factor.
|
The recombinant plasmid pBHIV-1 carrying the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), linked to the reported chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene, was introduced into human and rat fibroblasts. Stable transfectants were obtained which were resistant to genetecin and expressed CAT-activity from the HIV-1 LTR. The response to TNF alpha was studied. It was found that, at the optimum concentration of 100 IU/ml in human and 1000 IU/ml in rat fibroblasts, the expression of CAT was stimulated by 2.1 and 2.5-fold respectively. Our findings suggest that TNF-alpha in physiological concentrations can transcriptionally activate the HIV-1 LTR sequences and this may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gentamicins', 'HIV Long Terminal Repeat', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 1,295,450
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.170'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850.400', 'G05.360.080.708.850.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lingual nerve injury during suspension microlaryngoscopy.
|
Lingual nerve injury is an uncommon complication of laryngoscopy. We report a case of isolated unilateral lingual nerve injury that occurred during suspension microlaryngoscopy. The injury was transient, with complete return of sensation within 3 months after surgery. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the occurrence of lingual nerve injury during laryngoscopy, including direct compression of the nerve caused by the laryngoscope, stretching of the nerve caused by cricoid pressure or instrumentation, and compression of the nerve between the medial and lateral pterygoid caused by manipulation of the mandible. The precise mechanism of injury in this case was not obvious, but stretching of the lingual nerve caused by pressure of the suspended laryngoscope on the tongue or retrolingual region was likely. The transient nature of the injury and the rapid return of the nerve to baseline function in this case are consistent with a neurapraxic injury.
|
['Adult', 'Cysts', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Diseases', 'Laryngoscopes', 'Lingual Nerve Injuries', 'Male', 'Nerve Compression Syndromes', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Risk Factors', 'Tongue', 'Vocal Cords']
| 10,807,339
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.360', 'C09.400'], ['E07.230.220.525', 'E07.858.240.525'], ['C07.465.299.625.500.349.500', 'C10.292.200.875.500', 'C10.292.319.625.700.349.500', 'C10.900.300.218.775.500', 'C26.915.300.400.825.500'], ['C10.668.829.550'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A03.556.500.885', 'A14.549.885'], ['A04.329.364.737']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Disulfide between Cys392 and Cys438 of human serum albumin is redox-active, which is responsible for the thioredoxin-supported lipid peroxidase activity.
|
Human serum albumin (HSA) is an abundant protein found in blood plasma and extracellular fluids. Previously, we found that HSA has a distinct thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent lipid peroxidase activity in the presence of palmitoyl-CoA. In this paper, we identified the redox-active disulfide, which can be specifically reduced by Trx, responsible for the Trx-dependent lipid peroxidase activity. The IIB-III fragment of HSA (Pro299-Leu585) sustained the Trx-dependent lipid peroxidase activity. Chemical modification of the Trx-reduced IIB-III with a thiol-specific modification agent resulted in a complete loss of the peroxidase activity. The analysis of tryptic-peptides derived from the inactivated HSA and IIB-III revealed that Cys392 and Cys438, which exist as an intramolecular disulfide bond in HSA, were preferentially modified in both HSA and IIB-III. Taken together, these results suggested that HSA has a capability to reduce lipid hydroperoxide with the use of Trx as an in vivo electron donor, and that the redox-active disulfide between Cys392 and Cys438 acts as a primary site of the catalysis for the Trx-linked lipid peroxidase activity.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Catalysis', 'Cysteine', 'Disulfides', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peroxidases', 'Serum Albumin', 'Thioredoxins']
| 16,343,416
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D12.776.915']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel bioactive porous bredigite (Ca7MgSi4O16) scaffold with biomimetic apatite layer for bone tissue engineering.
|
The aim of this study was to develop a novel bioactive, degradable and cytocompatible bredigite (Ca(7)MgSi(4)O(16)) scaffold with biomimetic apatite layer for bone tissue engineering. Porous bredigite scaffolds were prepared using polymer sponge method. The bredigite scaffolds with biomimetic apatite layer (BTAP) were obtained by soaking bredigite scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 10 days. The porosity and in vitro degradability of BTAP scaffolds were investigated. In addition, osteoblast-like cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation on BTAP scaffolds were evaluated and compared with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) scaffolds. The results showed that BTAP scaffolds possessed 90% of porosity. The degradation of BTAP scaffolds was comparable to that of beta-TCP scaffolds. Cells on BTAP scaffolds spread well and presented a higher proliferation rate and differentiation level as compared with those on beta-TCP scaffolds. Our results indicated that BTAP scaffolds were degradable and possessed the function to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, and might be used as bone tissue engineering materials.
|
['Absorbable Implants', 'Animals', 'Apatites', 'Asbestos, Amphibole', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Body Fluids', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Osteoblasts', 'Rats', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Tissue Engineering']
| 17,211,720
|
[['E07.695.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025', 'D01.146.360.050', 'D01.578.122', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025'], ['D01.578.725.050.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['J01.637.087'], ['A12.207'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A11.329.629'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expressed Emotion, Family Functioning, and Treatment Outcome for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.
|
The current study examined the relation between parental expressed emotion (EE) and treatment outcome among adolescents participating in a treatment study for adolescent anorexia nervosa, as well as its impact on family functioning. One hundred and twenty-one families were assigned to family-based treatment or adolescent-focused therapy. Paternal criticism predicted lesser improvement in eating disorder psychopathology at end of treatment. There was also a significant interaction between maternal hostility and treatment, indicating that adolescents whose mothers displayed hostility had greater increases in percent of expected body weight in adolescent-focused therapy than family-based treatment. In addition, maternal hostility predicted less improvement in general family functioning and family communication at the end of treatment. Findings suggest that maternal and paternal EE may differentially impact treatment outcome and should be directly attended to in clinical settings. Future research is needed to further explore ways in which parental EE can be effectively modified in treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Child', 'Expressed Emotion', 'Family Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parents', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,201,083
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.400.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.829.197'], ['F04.754.864.581.273'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Current status of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ningbo, China.
|
BACKGROUND: The treatment status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ningbo has not been reported in the past. To evaluate the current status of T2DM in Ningbo and provide evidence to formulate more policies, a multicenter investigation was needed.METHODS: The Ningbo Clinical Research Group of Diabetes constituted nine hospitals. Participants included 3015 patients who visited the nine hospitals from June to December 2016. General characteristics, the medication situation, the laboratory indexes in nearly 3 months consisting of glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the results of ophthalmologic examination were investigated. The evaluation criteria were defined based on 2013 China guideline for T2DM.RESULTS: The 3015 subjects included 1685 men and 1330 women. The average age was 63.3 ± 13.0 years. The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was 58.7% and 56.7%, respectively. In the examinees, nephropathy appeared in 11.6% and retinopathy in 14.5%. More than half (50.9%) of the subjects were overweight. The achievement rate of blood pressure (BP) was 39.6% (<140/80 mm Hg), FBG was 46.0% (4.4-7.0 mmol/L), HbA1c was 41.7% (<7.0%), and LDL-C was 51.7% (<1.8 mmol/L; and if accompanied by CHD, <2.6).CONCLUSION: Ningbo City T2DM status is not optimistic, and there is a big gap with the indicators.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'China', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Overweight', 'Prevalence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,461,061
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
CD52 expression in peripheral T-cell lymphomas determined by combined immunophenotyping using tumor cell specific T-cell receptor antibodies.
|
For peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab) therapy is currently under investigation. Previous studies reported widely divergent CD52 expression within PTCL using conventional immunohistochemistry. To accurately discriminate between the presumed mechanistically relevant CD52 expression in tumor versus bystander cells, we employed immunofluorescence double stains using CD52 in combination with an antibody directed against the rearranged T-cell receptor Vbeta-segment of the neoplastic clone in 6 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL) and 5 PTCL, unspecified (PTCL-NOS) and, in combination with CD30, in 18 anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). Tumor cells in all AITL and PTCL-NOS were CD52 positive, while in 17 of 18 ALCL no specific staining was observed. Conversely, the background T- and B-cell infiltrate showed a consistent positivity for CD52. Our approach helps to precisely define CD52 expression in the tumor cell population of PTCL and might therefore be valuable when evaluating the response to alemtuzumab therapy in prospective clinical trials.
|
['Antibodies', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'CD52 Antigen', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Ki-1 Antigen', 'Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta']
| 19,479,612
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.190', 'D12.776.543.484.500.190', 'D12.776.543.550.418.190', 'D23.050.285.022', 'D23.101.100.943'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.072', 'D23.050.285.025', 'D23.101.140.055'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.399', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.600', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.399'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.825', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.825', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.825'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.825']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Safe high-pressure freezing of infectious micro-organisms.
|
We describe how high-pressure freezing of infectious biological material can safely be accomplished with the help of membrane carriers. The method described is easy to perform; however, careful manipulations are required. Existing safety regulations must still be followed. However, the procedure reduces the risk of dissemination of infectious material.
|
['Containment of Biohazards', 'Cryopreservation', 'Equipment Safety', 'Humans', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']
| 22,364,646
|
[['E05.235', 'N06.850.135.060.075.249'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E05.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in routine clinical use: a nonrandomized comparison.
|
Conflicting patient outcomes have been reported after the use of sirolimus-eluting stents or bare-metal stents. In this nonrandomized study, we examine the outcomes after placement of sirolimus-eluting versus bare-metal stents in an unselected population of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary revascularization.We used THIRD-base, a longitudinal data registry of patients who underwent revascularization at our institution, to compare demographics and outcomes in patients treated with a sirolimus-eluting or bare-metal stent from January 2001 through June 2006. Outcome measures included major acute coronary and cerebral events at 30 days, target-vessel failure at 9 months and at 3 years, and stent thrombosis. Target-vessel failure was defined as the composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction in the treated vessel distribution, and target-vessel revascularization. Logistic regression and Cox proportional regression models were used to determine the predictors of outcome.Of the 6,425 patients analyzed, 2,581 patients (40.2%) received only sirolimus-eluting stents, and 3,844 patients (59.8%) received only bare-metal stents. Early major acute coronary and cerebral events and stent thrombosis at 30 days and 9 months were similar in both groups. Target-vessel failure was less frequent in sirolimus-eluting stent patients than in bare-metal stent patients at 9 months (4.84% vs 11.81%, P < 0.0001) and at 3 years (29% vs 32%, P < 0.0001).Use of sirolimus-eluting stents improved target-vessel failure survival at 9 months and at 3 years. Late adverse events were determined by known risk factors for atherosclerosis, not by stent type.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Metals', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Patient Selection', 'Propensity Score', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sirolimus', 'Stents', 'Texas', 'Thrombosis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,163,124
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['D01.552'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['E07.695.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pharmacophore search for anti-fertility and estrogenic potencies of estrogen analogs.
|
Estrogen mediates its action following binding to the estrogen receptor to form an estrogen-receptor complex. The complex initiates gene transcription and produces estrogen-induced cell and/or tissue responses, i.e., estrogenic actions. High doses of estrogen can be used effectively as a contraceptive but are associated with side effects. Considering the long-term benefit-to-risk ratio of estrogen analogs as oral contraceptives, the present study was performed to deduce the active pharmacophore features required to differentiate the anti-fertility potency from the estrogenic activity of the steroidal motif. Implementing classical quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies, substitution by an electron-donating group at the C17 position and the presence of a hydrogen bond acceptor at C11, along with the orientation and conformational rigidity of the molecule, were found to be critically important features for estrogenic potency, including anti-fertility activity. However, low electron density at C2 and high electronegativity at C16, which may be due to substitution on those and/or neighboring atoms, favor contraceptive potency, whereas high electron density at C5 and substitution by an electron-withdrawing group at C7, which may confer hydrophobicity on the steroidal scaffold and an overall increment of electron affinity of the molecule, are favorable for estrogenicity. Further CATALYST-based 3D space modeling demonstrates that the presence of the aromatic ring (ring A), hydrophobic zone (ring B), and hydrogen bond acceptor at C17 in ring D, along with steric influence due to conformational rigidity of the compound, impart estrogenic contraceptive activity, but the presence of a second acceptor in ring A, and the critical distances between these features, selectively differentiate the anti-fertility potency from the estrogenic activity.
|
['Contraceptive Agents', 'Drug Design', 'Estradiol Congeners', 'Estrogens', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 18,663,492
|
[['D27.505.696.875.360', 'D27.505.954.705.360'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D06.472.334.851.437'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Taste-to-postingestive consequence conditioning: is the rise in sham feeding with repeated experience a learning phenomenon?
|
Although the progressive increase in intake with repeated sham feeding experience is assumed to reflect the extinction of learned satiety, the involvement of associative learning in this phenomenon has never been directly demonstrated. We show that: a) animals attenuate sham feeding on initial exposure only with foods tasting like those they have fed normally before, and b) latent inhibition, which retards the formation of CS-US associations in classical conditioning preparations, prevents the association of a taste with its postingestive consequences. These data suggest both that learning plays a role in the development of sham feeding and that associative linking of a food's taste with its postingestive consequences occurs during ingestion. The present results identify properties of taste-to-postingestive consequence conditioning and indicate how the sham feeding preparation can be used to identify the physiological events mediating this learning.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Taste']
| 2,756,038
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Phenotypic changes of mast cells during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats].
|
Sequential observation was made to detect the phenotypic change of mast cells during the process of dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. The number of mast cells in the liver tissues increased in various extent 4 weeks following the exposure to carcinogen. The increasing tendency was speeded up as time proceeded. At the 16th week, the number of mast cells reached to seven times as that in the normal rats. The mast cells appeared in the early stage of carcinogenesis were connective tissue mast cells (CTMC). From the 16th week on, mucosal mast cell (MMC) could be detected in some animals, but its number was much less than that of CTMC. In the late stages of experiment, the number of mast cells increased markedly, which showed positive reaction by ARMCP I and ARMCP II staining respectively and were to be brown or blue in color by combined Alcian blue. PAS. ABC staining. At the same time, an inter mediate type of mast cell between MMC and CTMC, light brown in color was also observed. Immunocytochemically, these cells presented ARMCP II positive reactivity. In various kinds of liver tumours formed at 26th week, mast cells occurred in a quite varying amount in different animals. No relationship was found between the amount of mast cells and the cell type or differentiation of the tumours, while the phenotypic distribution of mast cells was closely correlated with the histological type. The development and ultrastructural characterization of mast cells in the portal tracts and sinusoids were also investigated.
|
['Animals', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Phenotype', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene']
| 1,477,939
|
[['B01.050'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['G05.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.092.146.325']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk, severity and predictors of physical and psychological morbidity after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and severity of the arm complaints among breast cancer patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and to study the effects of this treatment-related morbidity on daily life and well-being. 400 women, who underwent ALND as part of breast cancer surgery, filled out a treatment-specific quality of life questionnaire. The mean time since ALND was 4.7 years (range 0.3-28 years). More than 20% of patients reported pain, numbness, or loss of strength and 9% reported severe oedema. None of the complaints appeared to diminish over time. Irradiation of the axilla and supraclavicular irradiation were associated with a 3.57-fold higher risk of oedema (odds ratio (OR) 3.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-7.69) causing many patients to give up leisure activities or sport. Women who underwent irradiation of the breast or chest wall more often reported to have a sensitive scar than women who did not receive radiotherapy. Women <45 years of age had an approximately 6 times higher risk of numbness of the arm (OR 6.49; 95% CI 2.58-16.38) compared with those > or = 65 years of age; they also encountered more problems doing their household chores. The results of the present study support the introduction of less invasive techniques for the staging of the axilla, sentinel node biopsy being the most promising.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anxiety', 'Arm', 'Axilla', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymphedema', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Diseases', 'Pain', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 11,334,724
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.470.132'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['A01.378.800.090'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.446'], ['C15.604.496'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Axotomy increases the excitability of dorsal root ganglion cells with unmyelinated axons.
|
Axotomy increases the excitability of dorsal root ganglion cells with unmyelinated axons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2790-2794, 1997. To better understand the neuronal mechanism of neuropathic pain, the effect of axotomy on the excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells with unmyelinated axons (C cells) was investigated. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on intact DRG cells with intact axons or with axons transected 7-12 days earlier. C cells were identified by 1) soma size, 2) action potential morphology, 3) conduction velocity, and 4) in some cases, injection of Fast Blue into the injured nerve fibers. Axotomy reduced (more negative) action potential threshold but did not significantly change resting membrane potential, action potential duration, or maximal depolarization rate. Axotomy significantly increased the peak sodium current measured under voltage-clamp conditions. In Fast Blue-labeled (injured) cells, the tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive current was enhanced while the TTX-resistant current was reduced. These results suggest that axotomy increased the excitability of C cells, possibly because of a preferential increase in expression of TTX-sensitive sodium currents.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Axons', 'Axotomy', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neural Conduction', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reaction Time', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Sodium Channels', 'Tetrodotoxin']
| 9,356,426
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875'], ['D03.633.100.786.910', 'D23.946.580.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of UV-induced squamous cell carcinomas is suppressed in the absence of SPARC.
|
SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is a multifunctional glycoprotein belonging to a group of matrix-associated factors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix interactions but have no structural roles. In the present study we investigated the contribution of SPARC to factors that influence the development of skin tumors in response to UV irradiation. A hairless SPARC-null mouse was developed and compared to control SKH1 hairless mice in terms of skin tumor induction and extracellular matrix changes occurring in response to UV-irradiation. Following 23 weeks of exposure to UVB totaling 14.5 J per cm(2), tumor development in the wild-type mice was severe, with an average of over 20 tumors per mouse, many of which were squamous cell carcinomas. Conversely, the SPARC-null mice were strikingly tumor-resistant, developing no squamous cell carcinomas and averaging less than one small papilloma per mouse. SPARC was undetectable immunohistochemically in skin from the non-irradiated control group yet was present in relatively high quantities in the basal and superficial areas of the tumor mass. The SPARC-null mice also exhibited a limited contact hypersensitivity response and were refractory to UV induced immune suppression. In conclusion, SPARC appears to have a crucial role in mediating tumor formation in response to UV irradiation.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Female', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Hairless', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Osteonectin', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 15,304,102
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C17.800.174.255', 'C17.800.815.255'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['C23.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.230'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['C04.682', 'C26.733.476', 'G01.750.748.500.476'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D12.776.157.125.715', 'D12.776.395.600'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sequence-independent amplification and cloning of large dsRNA virus genome segments by poly(dA)-oligonucleotide ligation.
|
A strategy was developed for sequence-independent synthesis and amplification of full-length cDNA of 3-4 kb genes of dsRNA viruses. The method of single primer amplification (Lambden et al., 1992) was adapted by the inclusion of a 3' poly(A) tail to an oligonucleotide ligated to dsRNA genome segments as a template for oligo(dT)-primed cDNA synthesis. Full-length copies of the largest genome segments, 1 (4 kb) and 2 (3 kb), of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) have been cloned, terminally sequenced and expressed in vitro.
|
['African Horse Sickness Virus', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Gene Amplification', 'Genome, Viral', 'Horses', 'RNA Viruses']
| 9,694,332
|
[['B04.820.223.719.550.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['B04.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Postoperative pain management in pediatric patients undergoing minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum: the role of intercostal block.
|
PURPOSE: There are no published data regarding value of intercostal block following pectus excavatum repair. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intercostal block in children following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE).METHODS: Forty-five patients given patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine postoperatively were studied. Twenty-six patients were given bilateral intercostal blocks after induction of anesthesia (PCA-IB group), and nineteen patients were retrospective controls without regional blockade (PCA group). All patients were followed up 24 h postoperatively.RESULTS: A loading dose of morphine (0,1±0,49 mg/kg) before starting PCA was used in seventeen patients in PCA group vs. no patient in PCA-IB group. Cumulative used morphine doses were lower up to 12 h after surgery in PCA-IB group (0,29±0,08 ìg/kg) than in the PCA group (0,46±0,18 ìg/kg), p<0,01. There were no differences in pain scores, oxygen saturation values, sedation scores, and the incidence of pulmonary adverse events between the two groups. There was a tendency towards less morphine-related adverse effects in PCA-IB group compared to PCA group (p<0,05). No complications related to the intercostal blocks were observed.CONCLUSION: Bilateral intercostal blocks following MIRPE are safe and easy to perform and can diminish postoperative opioid requirement. Double-blind randomized study is required to confirm the potential to diminish opioid related side effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analgesia, Patient-Controlled', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Bupivacaine', 'Child', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Funnel Chest', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Morphine', 'Nerve Block', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Postoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sympathomimetics', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,314,181
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E03.091.120'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['D02.065.199.239', 'D02.092.146.113.239'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C05.116.099.386', 'C05.660.386', 'C16.131.621.386'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E04.502'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.870'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contractile properties of the cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: the crucial role played by RhoA in the regulation of contractility.
|
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a remarkable degree of plasticity and in response to vascular injury, they can change to a dedifferentiated state that can be typically seen in cell cultures. Recently, Y27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor, has been reported to preferentially correct hypertension in a hypertensive rat model. We thus tested the hypothesis that the contraction of the cultured VSMCs might be more dependent on the function of RhoA than the VSMCs in fresh tissue. For this purpose, a tissue-like ring preparation was made using the cultured porcine coronary artery SMCs (CASMCs) and collagen gel (reconstituted ring: R-ring). The R-ring developed an isometric tension on stimulation by high external K+ or various receptor agonists. The phorbol ester (a protein kinase C (PKC) activator)-induced contraction of the intact R-ring was greatly inhibited, while the GTPgammaS (an activator of RhoA)-induced and Ca2+-independent contraction of permeabilized R-ring was greatly enhanced, in comparison to the fresh coronary artery ring. An immunoblot analysis showed the expression levels of RhoA and myosin phosphatase subunits (MYPT1 and PP1cdelta) to be up-regulated, while the levels of CPI-17 (PKC-potentiated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitory protein), h1-calponin and PKC isoforms were downregulated in cultured CASMCs. The knock down of RhoA by RNA interference decreased the contractility of the cultured CASMCs. It is concluded that the contractility of the cultured VSMCs thus appears to be much more dependent on the function of RhoA than VSMCs in fresh tissue. The expression level of RhoA thus plays a crucial role in regulating the contractility of cultured VSMCs.
|
['Amides', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cells, Cultured', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Myosin Light Chains', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Pyridines', 'RNA Interference', 'Swine', 'Vasoconstriction', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']
| 15,774,857
|
[['D02.065'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['D05.750.078.730.475.200', 'D12.776.157.125.475', 'D12.776.210.500.600.200', 'D12.776.220.525.475.200'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D03.383.725'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.200', 'D12.644.360.525.700.200', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.200', 'D12.776.476.525.700.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbamazepine but not valproate induces CYP2A6 activity in smokers with mental illness.
|
BACKGROUND: Antiepileptic drugs (AED) are being increasingly used in the management of serious mental illness, but their effects on nicotine metabolism have not been studied.METHODS: This study investigated the effects of three AEDs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and valproic acid) on nicotine and nicotine metabolite levels in 149 smokers with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder who participated in an afternoon blood draw for nicotine, cotinine, and 3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC). The ratio of 3HC to cotinine was calculated as a marker of CYP2A6 metabolic activity. Among the participants, 8 smokers were taking carbamazepine, 6 were taking oxcarbazepine, and 40 were taking valproic acid.RESULTS: The 3HC/cotinine ratio was significantly higher in individuals taking carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine (combined, n = 14) versus those not taking either (mean 0.993 versus 0.503; P < 0.001). The cotinine/cigarette per day ratio was significantly lower in individuals taking carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. The 3HC/cotinine ratios were also significantly higher in the subgroup of individuals taking carbamazepine (n = 8) versus those not taking it. There were no significant differences in nicotine or cotinine levels or 3HC/cotinine ratios in individuals taking valproic acid versus those not taking it. We conducted backward stepwise linear regression models to identify predictors of the log transformed 3HC/cotinine ratios. Taking carbamazepine and number of cigarettes smoked per day were significant determinants of log 3HC/cotinine.CONCLUSIONS: Carbamazepine likely induces hepatic metabolism via CYP2A6 and is associated with increased 3HC/cotinine ratios.IMPACT: Increased nicotine metabolism in individuals using AED has implications for increased smoking behavior and exposure to more tobacco toxins, which warrants further study.
|
['Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Carbamazepine', 'Cotinine', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nicotine', 'Oxcarbazepine', 'Schizophrenia', 'Smoking', 'Valproic Acid', 'Young Adult']
| 20,719,908
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['F03.084.500'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['D03.383.773.812.180'], ['D08.244.453.491.250', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.250', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.250'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['D03.633.300.240.127.500'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F01.145.805'], ['D02.241.081.944.509.900', 'D10.251.400.895.593.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of ischemia on peripheral nerve evoked potential. Experimental and clinical study].
|
The association between impaired circulation and peripheral nerve disorders has been recognized for many years. Although many experimental and clinical studies have been carried out on the "ischemic neuropathy", the routine examination to certify it may have not yet been established. Peripheral nerve evoked potential measurement has been used to evaluate the function of the peripheral nerve directly. Some electrophysiological findings concerning nerve ischemia were reported. Most authors reported decreased amplitude, slowed conduction rate, and increased refractory period. But a transient increase in amplitude during ischemia is a characteristic phenomenon in the peripheral nerve as well as in spinal cord evoked potential, as reported by the author previously. Since the purpose ot this study was whether this phenomenon could be a indicator of some kind of pathological condition of the peripheral nerve, experimental and clinical studies were designed to obtain the conditions required for the observation of this phenomenon and to establish a practical method for the differentiation of ischemic neuropathy from other ones. Twenty cats were used in the experimental study. The blood supply to the nerve was controlled by tightening a noose around the base of the ascending aorta. In the clinical studies, sixteen healthy subjects 11 diabetics, 3 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans, and 3 patients with malignant RA were examined. Since a transient reduction in threshold was observed during ischemia simultaneously with a transient augmentation in amplitude, the latter was assumed to be due to the former. In the animal experiment, the amplitude did not increase further even during complete obstruction of the ascending aorta following a 10-minute partial obstruction of the blood supply. In the clinical studies, the augmentation of amplitude during ischemia was statistically higher in healthy persons than in the patients mentioned above. The requisites for observing the transient augmentation in amplitude were: (1) complete ischemia of the peripheral nerve; optimally ten minutes of ischemia, (2) submaximal stimulation; optimally the strength of stimulation with which the amplitude of the evoked potential became 1/3 of the maximum and (3) maintenance of the blood supply to the peripheral nerve before ischemia. The nerve should not be ischemic before complete ischemia or application of the tourniquet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Cats', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Male', 'Median Nerve', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Nerves']
| 6,470,540
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A08.800.800.720.050.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of dietary intervention and lipid-lowering treatment on brachial vasoreactivity in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypercholesterolemia.
|
BACKGROUND: The "Mediterranean" diet and statin treatment have both independently been shown to improve survival and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), but no studies have evaluated the effect of this combination on endothelial function. We therefore sought to evaluate the effect of the combination dietary intervention and lipid-lowering treatment on brachial vasoreactivity.METHODS: A total of 131 consecutive patients with documented IHD and a serum cholesterol level > or =5 mmol/L (193 mg/dL) were randomized to receive Mediterranean dietary advice (n = 68) or no specific dietary advice (n = 63). Endothelial function was assessed at baseline and after 12 months with noninvasive ultrasound scanning vessel-wall tracking of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD). All patients started statin treatment with Fluvastatin (40 mg once daily) at baseline.RESULTS: A total of 115 patients completed the study. At baseline, FMD was 4.30% +/- 4.89% in the control group versus 4.32% +/- 6.15% in the intervention group (P = not significant). After 12 months of follow-up, FMD was significantly higher in the intervention group (control group 5.72% +/- 4.87% vs intervention group 8.62% +/- 6.60%, P <.01). This was accompanied by a larger intake of fatty fish and a significant decrease in triglyceride levels. In multivariate analysis, randomization status was a significant predictor of FMD after adjustment for classic cardiovascular risk factors and vessel size (P =.02; beta = -2.66 [-4.91; -0.41]).CONCLUSION: Dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and statin treatment improve FMD in the brachial artery in patients with IHD and hypercholesterolemia to a greater degree than statin treatment alone.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brachial Artery', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diet, Mediterranean', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Female', 'Fluvastatin', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Indoles', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Ultrasonography']
| 12,766,751
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.114.139'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.642.249.270', 'G07.203.650.240.270'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['D03.633.100.473.305', 'D10.251.450.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Brain death with calcium oxalate deposition in the kidney: clue to the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning.
|
A young man presented to the emergency department with mental status changes, severe metabolic acidosis, and oliguria. Acute ethylene glycol intoxication was diagnosed. The patient suffered clinical brain death three days after admission despite intensive care and continuous hemodiafiltration. The patient died one month after admission. Autopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis of the kidneys with significant calcium oxalate depositions. The brain was markedly softening and with chronic meningoencephalitis and dural sinus thrombosis. We considered that the amount and the persistence of the calcium oxalate deposition in the kidney may afford a best clue to the postmortem diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning even in the chronic stage.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Death', 'Calcium Oxalate', 'Ethylene Glycol', 'Forensic Pathology', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Cortex Necrosis', 'Male', 'Meningoencephalitis', 'Poisoning', 'Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial']
| 17,697,792
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.151', 'C10.597.606.358.800.200.100', 'C23.550.260.159'], ['D02.241.081.337.593.750.500'], ['D02.033.455.250.268'], ['H02.403.330.300', 'H02.403.650.249', 'I01.198.780.937.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.393', 'C13.351.968.419.393'], ['C01.207.245.550', 'C01.207.570', 'C10.228.140.430.550', 'C10.228.228.245.550', 'C10.228.228.570', 'C10.228.614.500'], ['C25.723'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425.500', 'C14.907.253.566.350.500', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Systemic Venous Rerouting Through the Coronary Sinus for ccTGA With Bilateral SVCs.
|
The double-switch operation for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, in which the morphologic left ventricle is restored to the systemic circulation, is an effective surgical option. This case report describes an atrial switch technique without using supplemental material during the double-switch operation for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with persistent left superior vena cava, with the systemic venous blood flow rerouted through the enlarged coronary sinus.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Arterial Switch Operation', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Coronary Sinus', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Heart Septal Defects, Atrial', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Rare Diseases', 'Risk Assessment', 'Transposition of Great Vessels', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures', 'Vena Cava, Superior']
| 29,054,237
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['E04.100.376.031', 'E04.928.220.055'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.335', 'E01.370.350.567.250', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.568', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.499'], ['A07.015.908.194.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['C14.240.400.560.375', 'C14.280.400.560.375', 'C16.131.240.400.560.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C14.240.400.915', 'C14.280.400.915', 'C16.131.240.400.915'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E04.100.814'], ['A07.015.908.949.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitative determination of Plasmodium parasitemia by flow cytometry and microscopy.
|
The traditional light microscopy has limitations for precise growth assays of malaria parasites in culture or for assessment of new compounds for antimalarial activity; the speed and high reproducibility of flow cytometry can overcome these limitations. A flow cytometric method using PicoGreen, a DNA-binding fluorochrome, was developed with optimal precision suitable for performing growth assays of low-parasitemia field isolates. In addition, intra- and inter-person reproducibility of the flow cytometric and the microscopic method were compared in order to quantitatively demonstrate the improved precision. RNase treatment contributed to the precision of the flow cytometric measurements by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratios. Coefficients of variation of the method were smaller than 10% for 0.1% or higher parasitemia samples. The intra- and inter-person coefficients of variation of the flow cytometric method were three to six times smaller than those of the microscopic method. The flow cytometric method developed in this study yielded substantially more precise results than the microscopic method, allowing determination of parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficients of variation smaller than 10%. Thus, the PicoGreen method could be a reliable high sensitivity assay for analysis of low parasitemia samples and might be applied to a high throughput system testing antimalarial drug activity.
|
['Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Microscopy', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Parasitemia', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ribonucleases', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio']
| 23,091,308
|
[['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['D02'], ['C01.610.695', 'C23.550.470.790.500.580'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
CANDI: an R package and Shiny app for annotating radiographs and evaluating computer-aided diagnosis.
|
MOTIVATION: Radiologists have used algorithms for Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for decades. These algorithms use machine learning with engineered features, and there have been mixed findings on whether they improve radiologists' interpretations. Deep learning offers superior performance but requires more training data and has not been evaluated in joint algorithm-radiologist decision systems.RESULTS: We developed the Computer-Aided Note and Diagnosis Interface (CANDI) for collaboratively annotating radiographs and evaluating how algorithms alter human interpretation. The annotation app collects classification, segmentation, and image captioning training data, and the evaluation app randomizes the availability of CAD tools to facilitate clinical trials on radiologist enhancement.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Demonstrations and source code are hosted at (https://candi.nextgenhealthcare.org), and (https://github.com/mbadge/candi), respectively, under GPL-3 license.SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
|
['Algorithms', 'Deep Learning', 'Humans', 'Machine Learning', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Software']
| 30,304,439
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250.500.250', 'G17.485.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.250', 'L01.224.050.375.605.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lipin-2 reduces proinflammatory signaling induced by saturated fatty acids in macrophages.
|
Lipin-2 is a member of the lipin family of enzymes, which are key effectors in the biosynthesis of lipids. Mutations in the human lipin-2 gene are associated with inflammatory-based disorders; however, the role of lipin-2 in cells of the immune system remains obscure. In this study, we have investigated the role of lipin-2 in the proinflammatory action of saturated fatty acids in murine and human macrophages. Depletion of lipin-2 promotes the increased expression of the proinflammatory genes Il6, Ccl2, and Tnfá, which depends on the overstimulation of the JNK1/c-Jun pathway by saturated fatty acids. In contrast, overexpression of lipin-2 reduces the release of proinflammatory factors. Metabolically, the absence of lipin-2 reduces the cellular content of triacylglycerol in saturated fatty acid-overloaded macrophages. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a protective role for lipin-2 in proinflammatory signaling mediated by saturated fatty acids that occurs concomitant with an enhanced cellular capacity for triacylglycerol synthesis. The data provide new insights into the role of lipin-2 in human and murine macrophage biology and may open new avenues for controlling the fatty acid-related low grade inflammation that constitutes the sine qua non of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cytokines', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fatty Acids', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Monocytes', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phosphatidate Phosphatase', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Triglycerides', 'Up-Regulation']
| 22,334,674
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D10.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.620'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['D10.351.801'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Catechin metabolism: glutathione conjugate formation catalyzed by tyrosinase, peroxidase, and cytochrome p450.
|
The metabolic pathways of dietary flavonoids are still largely unknown. In the present work, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectroscopy studies were used to show that the naturally occurring flavonoid catechin underwent enzymatic oxidation by tyrosinase in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to form mono-, bi-, and tri-glutathione conjugates of catechin and mono- and bi-glutathione conjugates of a catechin dimer. A hydroxylated catechin adduct was also detected. Using UV spectroscopy, it was shown that the catechol B-ring of catechin was oxidized by tyrosinase to form an o-quinone which could be reduced back to catechin with potassium borohydride or reacted with GSH to form glutathione conjugates. The catechin-glutathione conjugates formed had much lower distribution coefficient values than catechin itself. When peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide were used instead of tyrosinase, only mono-glutathione conjugates were formed but not bi-glutathione conjugates or hydroxylated adducts. (1)H NMR evidence showed that three different mono-glutathione conjugates on ring B of catechin were formed by peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Rat liver microsomes and NADPH or cumene hydroperoxide also catalyzed catechin-glutathione conjugate formation which was prevented by benzylimidazole, a P450 2E1 inhibitor. Catechin cytotoxicity toward isolated hepatocytes was also markedly enhanced by hydrogen peroxide or cumene hydroperoxide and was prevented by benzylimidazole, suggesting that catechin could be metabolically activated by P450 peroxidase activity to form cytotoxic quinoid species.
|
['Animals', 'Catalysis', 'Catechin', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Glutathione', 'Hepatocytes', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Models, Molecular', 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peroxidase', 'Polymers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 11,453,730
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.130'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A11.436.348'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An interesting case of bilateral bifid insertion of superior rectus muscle as an intra-operative finding in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism.
|
We report a case of bilateral bifid insertion of superior rectus muscles, in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism as an incidental intraoperative finding during eye muscle surgery. The muscle was successfully operated on and the patient did well postoperatively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this anomaly.
|
['Albinism, Oculocutaneous', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidental Findings', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Oculomotor Muscles']
| 23,975,092
|
[['C11.270.040.545', 'C16.320.290.040.100', 'C16.320.565.100.102.100', 'C16.320.850.080.100', 'C17.800.621.440.102.100', 'C17.800.827.080.100', 'C18.452.648.100.102.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.410'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374'], ['A02.633.567.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Preoperative radiographic assessment of hepatic steatosis with histologic correlation.
|
BACKGROUND: The adverse impact of hepatic steatosis on perioperative outcomes after liver resection is gaining recognition. But the accuracy of preoperative radiologic assessment of fatty liver disease remains unclear. The objective of this study was to correlate preoperative radiologic estimation with postoperative histologic measurement of steatosis.STUDY DESIGN: Patients who underwent partial hepatectomy between 1997 and 2001, with complete preoperative radiographic imaging and postoperative pathologic assessment of steatosis, were retrospectively analyzed. The presence of steatosis was assessed radiographically using noncontrast-enhanced CT (NCCT), contrast-enhanced CT (CCT), or MRI, using standard quantitative radiologic criteria. Repeat histologic analysis was used to quantify the extent of hepatic steatosis.RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one patients were studied. The overall sensitivity and specificity for all imaging modalities in detecting pathologically confirmed hepatic steatosis were 56% and 82%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for NCCT, CCT, and MRI using standard quantitative criteria were 33% and 100%, 50% and 83%, and 88%, and 63%, respectively. Increasing body mass indices adversely affected the accuracy of NCCT (p=0.002). Preoperative chemotherapy did not notably affect radiologic accuracy.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a fatty-appearing liver on NCCT scans indicates clinically significant steatosis, but steatosis cannot be excluded based on a normal NCCT scan, particularly in obese patients. Conversely, normal MRI helps to exclude hepatic steatosis, but abnormal MRI is not a reliable indicator of fatty change. CCT is not an effective means of identifying steatosis. We conclude that, when used alone, conventional cross-sectional imaging does not consistently permit accurate identification of hepatic steatosis.
|
['Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Contrast Media', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,308,219
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C06.552.241'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Morningness/eveningness and the need for sleep.
|
The purpose of this study was to determine, in a large sample of adults of all ages (17-80 years), the effect of morningness/eveningness on sleep/wake schedules, sleep needs, sleep hygiene and subjective daytime somnolence. A total of 617 subjects (219 subjects per chronotype group) matched for age, sex and employment status, completed an abridged morningness/eveningness questionnaire, a questionnaire on sleep habits and the quality of sleep, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Eveningness was associated with a greater need for sleep, less time in bed during the week compared to ideal sleep needs, more time in bed at the weekend, a later bedtime and waking-up time especially at the weekend, more irregular sleep/wake habits and greater caffeine consumption. These subjects built up a sleep debt during the week and extended their duration of sleep at the weekend. They did not, however, rate themselves more sleepy than other types, despite the fact that our results showed a clear link between subjectively evaluated daytime somnolence and sleep debt. Why they were less affected by sleep deprivation is not clear. This raises the question of individual susceptibility to the modification of sleep parameters.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Automobile Driving', 'Chronobiology Phenomena', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Disorders of Excessive Somnolence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Wakefulness']
| 10,646,169
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['I03.125'], ['G07.180'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['C10.886.425.800.200', 'F03.870.400.800.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Changes in brain metabolites related to stress resilience: Metabolomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of depression.
|
The ability to cope successfully with stress is known as 'resilience', and those with resilience are not prone to developing depression. One preclinical animal model for depression is the chronic mild stress (CMS) model. There are CMS-resilient (do not manifest anhedonia) and CMS-susceptible (manifest anhedonia) rats. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the profiles of hippocampal metabolites between susceptible and resilient rats, and to identify a biomarker that can distinguish the two. We divided stress-loaded rats into susceptible and resilient types based on their sucrose preference values. We then conducted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) quantification and metabolomic analysis in the hippocampus. Compared to the controls, no significant differences were observed in the hippocampal BDNF levels of susceptible and resilient rats. However, the control rats were clearly distinguishable from the susceptible rats in terms of their brain metabolite profiles; the control rats were difficult to distinguish from the resilient rats. CMS model rats showed an increase in the levels of N-acetylaspartate and glutamate, and a decrease in the levels of aspartate and ã-aminobutyric acid in the hippocampus. Of the 12 metabolites measured in the present study, N-acetylaspartate was the only one that could differentiate the three types (control, susceptible, and resilient) of rats. Thus, brain metabolomic analyses can not only distinguish CMS model rats from control rats, but also indicate stress susceptibility. The variation in the levels of N-acetylaspartate in the hippocampus of control, resilient, and susceptible rats demonstrated that it could be a biomarker for stress susceptibility.
|
['Anhedonia', 'Animals', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Dietary Sucrose', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Food Preferences', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Metabolomics', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Resilience, Psychological', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 30,447,240
|
[['C10.597.606.057', 'C23.888.592.604.039', 'F01.700.039'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['F03.600.300'], ['D09.301.831.250', 'D09.698.629.305.770.200', 'D09.947.500.250', 'D09.947.750.770.200', 'D27.720.372.300.353.609.750.250', 'G07.203.300.362.831.250', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700.750.250', 'J02.500.362.831.250', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700.750.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['F02.940'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perirenal hemorrhage as first presentation of Wilms tumor.
|
Wilms tumor typically presents as an abdominal mass, though occasionally patients present with other manifestations. We report a case of a child presenting with a perirenal hemorrhage and an initially occult Wilms tumor, found only on subsequent renal arteriography. Symptoms in this patient were caused by the presence of perirenal and subcapsular hemorrhage rather than the tumor itself. Despite an unusual presentation, we need to consider underlying neoplasia in children with renal hemorrhage and the absence of a history of trauma. Follow-up studies might help clarify initial negative imaging results.
|
['Angiography', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography', 'Wilms Tumor']
| 16,770,676
|
[['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C04.557.435.595', 'C04.588.945.947.535.585', 'C04.700.900', 'C12.758.820.750.585', 'C12.777.419.473.585', 'C13.351.937.820.535.585', 'C13.351.968.419.473.585', 'C16.320.700.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Study on reduction of acrylamide in fried bread sticks by addition of antioxidant of bamboo leaves and extract of green tea.
|
This paper investigated the efficiency of antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) and extract of green tea (EGT) on the reduction of acrylamide in fried bread sticks and summarized the optimal levels of two additives. Seven experimental groups including a control group were organized for both of additives. Fried bread sticks were made via traditional processing technology. The flour was mixed with different levels (0.002-4.9 g/kg flour) of AOB and EGT, respectively. The acrylamide level in fried bread sticks was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The sensory evaluation was performed in double blind manner. Results showed that nearly 82.9% and 72.5% of acrylamide were reduced when the AOB and EGT addition levels were 1 and 0.1 g/kg, respectively. The elevated inhibitory effects of AOB and EGT on the acrylamide formation were achieved with an increase of additive levels unless the spiking levels of AOB and EGT were greater than 1 and 0.1 g/kg, respectively. Sensory evaluation results showed that the flavor and texture of fried bread sticks processed by AOB and EGT had no significant difference compared to normal food matrixes (p>0.05) when both AOB and EGT addition levels were no more than 1 g/kg. The present study indicated that both AOB and EGT could significantly reduce the acrylamide content generated in fried bread sticks and keep original flavor and crispness of fried bread sticks. This study could be regarded as an important contribution on the reduction of acrylamide by natural antioxidants.
|
['Acrylamide', 'Antioxidants', 'Bread', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Food Additives', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Handling', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Sasa', 'Taste', 'Tea']
| 17,392,091
|
[['D02.065.122.015', 'D02.241.081.069.094.015'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G07.203.300.100', 'J02.500.100'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.720.372.300', 'G07.203.300.514.500', 'J02.500.514.500'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.844'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of intra-arterial and local administration of MCNU on cerebral malignant gliomas].
|
Twenty-six patients with cerebral malignant glioma (7 cases of astrocytoma Grade 3, and 19 of astrocytoma Grade 4) were treated by intra-arterial and local administration of MCNU. Nineteen patients were treated in combination with local radiation in a dose of 60 Gy. Intra-arterial administration of MCNU was performed by puncture of the ipsilateral common carotid artery and injection of 25mg of MCNU in 20 ml of physiological saline. Local administration of MCNU was performed by puncture of the Ommaya reservoir placed within the cavity after tumor resection. Objective tumor regression was observed on computerized tomography (CT) scans after intra-arterial and/or local administration of MCNU combined with radiotherapy in three of seven patients who had evaluable enhanced lesions on CT after surgery. It was also observed after chemotherapy alone in one of three patients with evaluable lesions. The response rate was 42.9% among patients treated with MCNU in combination with radiotherapy, and 33.3% in patients treated with MCNU alone. In two patients, local administration of MCNU induced brain edema, which was transient and caused no neurological sequelae. One patient suffered mild thrombocytopenia after seven intra-arterial doses of MCNU, however, no myelosuppression requiring administration of gamma-GCSF or blood transfusions was observed. These findings suggest that intra-arterial and local administration of MCNU can be expected to serve as effective and non-myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with cerebral malignant gliomas.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Brain Edema', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Infusion Pumps, Implantable', 'Injections, Intra-Arterial', 'Injections, Intralesional', 'Liver', 'Nitrosourea Compounds']
| 7,755,390
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.505.254', 'E07.858.082.505.254'], ['E02.319.267.530.370'], ['E02.319.267.530.430'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.065.950.594', 'D02.654.692']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury via Inhibiting the Inflammatory Secretion of Neutrophils in Rats.
|
BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are special types of stem cells and are a potential novel therapeutic approach in acute lung injury (ALI). Transplantation of EPCs can ameliorate the inflammatory state by reducing adhesion and exudation of inflammatory cells. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of EPCs on inflammatory response modulation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EPCs on the modulation of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS: EPCs were cocultured with neutrophils after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro or transplanted into ALI rats, and neutrophil inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-á, interleukin-1â, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinases-9 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an myeloperoxidase detection kits, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS: The results showed that EPCs significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory mediators when cocultured with neutrophils in vitro or in vivo.CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that EPCs contributed to lung injury in ALI rats by downregulating neutrophil inflammatory mediators.
|
['Acute Lung Injury', 'Animals', 'Endothelial Progenitor Cells', 'Inflammation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Neutrophils', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 30,611,320
|
[['C08.381.520.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148.174', 'A11.436.275.182'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[2 cases of anaphylaxis from droperidol].
|
Following two cases of anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia, immunoallergological investigations showed up the responsibility of droperidol, which probably acted by way of an anaphylactic mechanism. In both cases, there were no cardiovascular signs, the main clinical symptom being bronchospasm. The exceptional nature of allergic accidents due to neuroleptic drugs, as opposed to extrapyramidal phenomena, must be underlined. However, these reactions should cast doubts on the safety and usefulness of neuroleptanalgesia.
|
['Adult', 'Anaphylaxis', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Basophils', 'Bronchial Spasm', 'Droperidol', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 6,517,399
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C20.543.480.099'], ['E03.155.197'], ['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['C08.127.321'], ['D02.522.352.343', 'D03.633.100.103.393'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ovarian function during hormonal replacement therapy in perimenopausal women.
|
To determine the need for contraception during Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) in perimenopausal women, ultrasound monitoring of ovarian function was performed on 10 perimenopausal women in the second month of treatment. All patients were not at risk of unwanted pregnancy during the study period and had last regular menses at least three months before starting HRT. All of them received transdermal implants of 50 mg of estrogen, twice per week, and 10 mg of oral dydrogesterone on the fourth week. Ultrasound performed at treatment days 7, 14 and 21 of the second month revealed follicular development and rupture in 5 out of the 10 patients. Contraceptive implications are discussed.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Drug Implants', 'Dydrogesterone', 'Estrogen Replacement Therapy', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Menopause', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovary', 'Ovulation', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrasonography']
| 8,342,457
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D26.255.210.315'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.296'], ['E02.319.452.150'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784.690'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of dietborne copper and silver on reproduction by Ceriodaphnia dubia.
|
Recent studies have indicated the potential for dietborne metals as an important exposure pathway for metal toxicity in freshwater organisms. We conducted a study in which freshwater cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia) were fed green algae (either Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata or Chlorella vulgaris) that were grown in Ag- or Cu-contaminated media. In one series of toxicity tests patterned after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's three-brood C. dubia chronic toxicity test, we exposed C. dubia to waterborne Ag or Cu while feeding them normal amounts of uncontaminated yeast-Cerophyll-trout chow (YCT) slurry and either algae grown in standard media or algae grown in standard media supplemented with Ag or Cu (added as AgNO3 or CuSO4 x 5H2O). These parallel tests demonstrated that dietborne metal did not contribute to survival or reproduction effects beyond the effects caused by waterborne metal alone. We also conducted dietborne-only toxicity tests patterned after two other recently published experimental designs in which (1) C. dubia were fed only metal-contaminated algae for 4 h, transferred to fresh water, and fed uncontaminated algae and YCT slurry for the duration of the three-brood test or (2) C. dubia were fed standard amounts of metal-contaminated algae and uncontaminated YCT slurry for the entire three-brood test. In contrast to previous studies, we did not find consistent dietborne metal toxicity or standard concentration-response relationships in those two experiments. Instead, among-experiment variation in intracellular partitioning of metals in the algae fed to the C. dubia, among-laboratory differences in experimental procedures, selective feeding by C. dubia to avoid metal-contaminated algae, an interaction between reproductive status of the C. dubia and dietborne metal concentration, or a combination of these might help explain the apparently inconsistent results.
|
['Animals', 'Copper', 'Crustacea', 'Diet', 'Eukaryota', 'Reproduction', 'Silver']
| 18,710,300
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['B01.050.500.131.365'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01'], ['G08.686.784'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Synthesis cloning and expressions in E coli of human insulin A and B chain genes].
|
Human insulin A and B chain genes were designed and synthesized by using a rapid and simple method. The synthesized A and B chain genes were cloned separately. The expression (plasmids) pWR 590-HIA and pWR 590-HIB were constructed, and the two plasmids can direct the synthesis of the approximately 590 amino acid-long truncated beta-galactosidases fused to human insulin A or B chains. The fused A or B chain proteins were isolated from the fermented cells and cleaved with BrCN. The resulting mixtures were sulfonated and the sulfonated A and B chains were purified. Human insulin was obtained by using an A and B chain combination method.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Synthetic', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 1,476,017
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.465'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in sex steroids, gonadotropins, prolactin, and inhibin in pregnant and nonpregnant Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus).
|
We examined changes in the concentrations of serum progesterone (P4), estradiol-17beta (E2), FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL), and inhibin to determine their interaction and their effect on the reproductive endocrine controls of pregnant and nonpregnant female Japanese black bears. Fourteen female bears were used in this study over a 2-yr period. In the first year, six of the bears were divided into two groups; a pseudopregnant group and a nonpregnant group. In the second year, the remaining eight bears were also divided into two groups; a pregnant group and a nonpregnant group. Pregnant and pseudopregnant bears had similar P4 trends with both groups exhibiting a significant increase in December, which is the suspected time of implantation in pregnant bears. These trends correlated with an increase in PRL levels, whereas low levels of LH were maintained throughout the year. Nonpregnant bears maintained low concentrations of P4, and compared with pregnant and pseudopregnant bears, they also exhibited a delayed elevation in PRL. Luteinizing hormone activity varied among individual animals, but regardless of reproductive status, fluctuation patterns of E2, FSH, and inhibin did not differ among bears. Our results suggest that PRL may play a luteotropic role in both pregnant and pseudopregnant bears, and is possibly responsible for inducing reactivation of the dormant corpus luteum that precedes implantation in the Japanese black bear.
|
['Animals', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Gonadotropins, Pituitary', 'Inhibins', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Prolactin', 'Pseudopregnancy', 'Seasons', 'Ursidae']
| 11,566,720
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['D06.472.699.322.576', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343'], ['D06.472.334.968', 'D06.472.699.337', 'D12.644.548.387', 'D12.776.395.439'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['G08.686.784.769.887'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.761']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Determination of three-dimensional low-resolution viral structure from solution x-ray scattering data.
|
The capsid is modeled as a region of constant electron density located between inner and outer envelopes that exhibit icosahedral symmetry. For computational purposes the envelopes are represented as truncated sums of weighted icosahedral harmonics. Methods are described for estimating the weights from x-ray solution scattering patterns based on nonlinear least squares, and two examples of the procedure, for viruses with known atomic-resolution structures, are given.
|
['Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Bromovirus', 'Capsid', 'Comovirus', 'Electrons', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Structure', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Viruses', 'X-Rays']
| 8,527,677
|
[['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['B04.715.081.080', 'B04.715.464.080', 'B04.820.578.282.080'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['B04.715.464.150', 'B04.715.700.150', 'B04.820.578.813.150'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['B04'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytotoxicity of millimolar concentrations of ethanol on HepG2 human tumor cell line compared to normal rat hepatocytes in vitro.
|
PURPOSE: The antiproliferative effect of high concentrations of ethanol (80-100 mmol) on liver carcinoma is well known. However, the high concentrations of ethanol affect both tumor cells and normal hepatocytes. The present study was designed to determine the effect of low ethanol concentrations (0-10 mmol) on cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) in a human tumor cell line HepG2 and in normal rat hepatocytes.METHODS: Primary cultures of normal rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells cultures were used. Cells were incubated with increasing ethanol concentrations or without ethanol (control group) for 24 h and analyzed immediately (group I) or after an additional incubation time of 48 h without additional ethanol application (group II). Cell proliferation was determined by assessing 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Apoptosis was assessed by means of DNA fragmentation and cysteine aspartate-specific protease (caspase-3) activity. Necrosis was analyzed by quantification of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into culture medium.RESULTS: Twenty-four h exposure to 1 mmol ethanol inhibited cell proliferation in HepG2 cells by 75% (P < 0.05), while it remained unaltered in rat hepatocytes. The effect of ethanol persisted for another 48 h where cell proliferation was 5% of control in HepG2 cells and 70% of control in rat hepatocytes (P < 0.005). After 24 h incubation with 1 mmol ethanol 28% of HepG2 cells and 12% of rat hepatocytes showed DNA fragmentation as sign of apoptosis (P < 0.001). In group II 39% of HepG2 cells and 26% of rat hepatocytes were apoptotic (P < 0.001). Caspase-3 activation progressively increased after ethanol treatment in HepG2 cells and rat hepatocytes. The first significant difference was observed after 4 h (activity in HepG2 was 68% higher than in rat hepatocytes) and was maximum after 10 to 12 h where the activity in HepG2 was 180% of the activity in rat hepatocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase release into culture medium as an indicator of necrosis in HepG2 cells, increased from 0.5% in group I to 12% in group II, and from 0.1% to 8% in rat hepatocytes (P < 0.005). Increasing ethanol concentration to 10 mmol increased necrosis to 75% in HepG2 cells, and to 45% in rat hepatocytes (P < 0.05) whereas the effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis were not significantly different.CONCLUSIONS: Small ethanol concentrations (equivalent to 1 mmol) inhibit cell proliferation and increase apoptosis more strongly in HepG2 cells than in normal rat hepatocytes. These findings suggest the use of 1 mmol ethanol as a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma because this mainly affects tumor cells but not surrounding normal tissue.
|
['Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Ethanol', 'Fomepizole', 'Humans', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,003,562
|
[['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.200.230'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D03.383.129.539.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C23.550.717'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optical coherence tomography imaging in complicated acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty and AngioJet.
|
We describe the case of a 47-year-old man presenting with inferior acute myocardial infarction complicated by complete atrioventricular block and cardiogenic shock, who underwent primary angioplasty and rheolytic thrombectomy with AngioJet and subsequent evaluation by optical coherence tomography. Optical coherence tomography is a rather novel technique in the management of coronary disease, and as far as we know, this is the first report about optical coherence tomography imaging after AngioJet thrombectomy. Moreover, we provide a brief discussion on advantages and disadvantages of this imaging modality on the basis of current practice.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Atrioventricular Block', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Shock, Cardiogenic', 'Thrombectomy', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,412,119
|
[['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['C14.280.067.558.230', 'C14.280.123.500.230', 'C23.550.073.425.062'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['C14.280.647.500.750', 'C14.907.585.500.750', 'C23.550.513.355.750.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750.750', 'C23.550.835.550'], ['E04.100.814.842'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Electrophoretic mobilities of PEGylated gold NPs.
|
Electromigration of nanoparticles (NPs) is relevant to many technological and biological applications. We correlate the experimentally observed electromigration of Au NPs with a closed-form theoretical model that furnishes key NP characteristics, including the previously unknown values of Au NP core æ-potential, PEG-corona permeability, and particle-hydrogel friction coefficient. More generally, the theory furnishes new understanding of NP electromigration in complex environments, establishing a robust and predictive model to guide the design and characterization of functionalized NPs.
|
['Electrophoresis', 'Gold', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Particle Size', 'Polyethylene Glycols']
| 20,958,038
|
[['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E05.599'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improving the titer of recombinant adenovirus by suppressing problematic transgene transcription during packaging.
|
A new strategy to package "problematic" transgenes in adenovirus was developed that was based on modifications of the tetracycline-inducible system. This strategy used two components: the adenoviral genome containing the transgene under control of a hybrid TRE promoter/SV40 enhancer and a trans-encoded tTS suppressor Using luciferase reporters, expression of tTS in 293A cells reduced transcription from the promoter/enhancer 25-fold. Procaspase 8 adenovirus was then tested, since it is known to package poorly with standard adenoviral systems. Expression of tTS in 293A cells increased the titer of procaspase 8 adenovirus by 22-fold in initial viral packaging (using transiently transfected tTS) and 9-fold in subsequent viral reamplification (using 293A cells stably expressing tTS). The Tac antigen gene (i.e., CD25), which packages in adenovirus without difficulty, was also tested as a control. In contrast to that observed with procaspase 8, tTS expression did not alter the titer obtained when packaging the CD25 gene, thus excluding nonspecific effects of tTS expression on adenoviral titer Since tTS was provided in trans and did not package in the resulting adenoviruses, strong transcription of the transgenes occurred in transducted cells without the need of additional reagents.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Genetic Vectors', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Luciferases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Transgenes', 'Virus Assembly']
| 18,254,384
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825'], ['G06.920.925.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of folate oversupplementation on folate uptake by human intestinal and renal epithelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Folic acid [corrected] plays an essential role in cellular metabolism. Its deficiency can lead to neural tube defects. However, optimization of body folate homeostasis can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects and may decrease the risk of Alzheimer and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Hence, food fortification and intake of supplemental folate are widespread.OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of long-term folate oversupplementation on the physiologic markers of intestinal and renal folate uptake processes.DESIGN: Human-derived intestinal Caco-2 and renal HK-2 epithelial cells were maintained (5 generations) in a growth medium oversupplemented (100 micromol folic acid/L) or maintained under sufficient conditions (0.25 and 9 micromol folic acid/L).RESULTS: Carrier-mediated uptake of (3)H-folic acid (2 micromol/L) at buffer pH 5.5 (but not buffer pH 7.4) by Caco-2 and HK-2 cells maintained under the folate-oversupplemented condition was significantly (P<0.01) and specifically lower than in cells maintained under the folate-sufficient condition. This reduction in folic acid uptake was associated with a significant decrease in the protein and mRNA levels of the human reduced-folate carrier (hRFC) and a decrease in the activity of the hRFC promoter. It was also associated with a decrease in mRNA levels of the proton-coupled folate transporter/heme carrier protein 1 (PCFT/HCP1) and folate receptor (FR).CONCLUSIONS: Long-term oversupplementation with folate leads to a specific and significant down-regulation in intestinal and renal folate uptake, which is associated with a decrease in message levels of hRFC, PCFT/HCP1, and FR. This regulation appears to be mediated via a transcriptional mechanism, at least for the hRFC system.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Down-Regulation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Kidney', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Reduced Folate Carrier Protein', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tritium']
| 17,616,776
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A11.436'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.299.500', 'D12.776.395.550.448.370', 'D12.776.543.484.500.370', 'D12.776.543.550.418.370', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.224.500', 'D12.776.543.750.301'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.299.625', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.217', 'D12.776.157.530.937.618', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.224.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.217', 'D12.776.543.585.937.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.299.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.359', 'D12.776.157.530.937.622', 'D12.776.543.550.190.608', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.224.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.359', 'D12.776.543.585.937.743', 'D23.050.301.500.600.813', 'D23.050.705.552.600.663'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A photographic microfluorimetric method for determining the DNA content in individual human chromosomes].
|
A method for determination of DNA contents in individual human chromosomes has been elaborated based of the two step analysis: 1) identification of chromosomes by Q-banding; 2) photographic microfluorimetry of chromosomes after the Feulgen staining (a fluorescent variant using a Schiff-type reagent of Auramine-SO2). The DNA content in 24 human chromosomes was calculated in absolute values (fg). The data obtained are compared with the evidence published elsewhere and provided by different cytophotometric methods.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Coloring Agents', 'Cytophotometry', 'DNA', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Metaphase', 'Photography', 'Rosaniline Dyes', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 2,483,280
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['D27.720.233'], ['E01.370.225.500.386', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240', 'E05.200.500.386', 'E05.242.386'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['D02.092.146.755'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Sildenafil use and relevant risk factors among middle-aged or elderly male clients of female commercial sex workers in the central areas of Guangxi, China].
|
OBJECTIVE: To understand the illegal sidenafil use among middle-aged and elderly male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in central region of Guangxi as well as on related risk factors. Initial evaluation regarding the effect of illegal sidenafil use on HIV infection among the middle-aged and elderly men was also conducted.METHODS: A survey was conducted among the over 50-year-olds male clients of low-grade prostitutions in central areas of Guangxi. Information on demographics, related behavior, and illegal sidenafil use was collected. 5 ml blood sample were taken to test antibodies of HIV and syphilis. PASW Statistics 18.0 was used for data analysis.RESULTS: 2 056 questionnaires were completed. 23.1% of the participants said they had ever used illegal sidenafil. The risk of sildenafil use was low among the male clients who were not over 60 years old (OR = 0.586, 95% CI:0.459-0.749). The risks of sildenafil use among the male clients with frequencies(in the past 30 days) of having commercial sex behavior were:only once (OR = 0.184, 95%CI:0.090- 0.378), twice (OR = 0.187, 95%CI:0.089-0.378) or three times (OR = 0.181, 95%CI: 0.085-0.384) lower than those with more than five times. Being single (OR = 0.608, 95% CI: 0.396-0.933), married/cohabiting (OR = 0.533, 95% CI:0.391-0.727), having unstable partners (OR = 0.558, 95%CI:0.393-0.792) seemed to be protective on those who used sildenafil, among the study population. Factors as 'never use the condom (OR = 1.642, 95%CI:1.125-2.397) or 'seldom use as condom (OR = 1.840, 95%CI:1.278-2.648) when having commercial sex, were under high risk among the sildenafil users. Forty-seven subjects were HIV positive, with the prevalence as 2.29% in this study population. Male clients of the FSWs who used sidenafil were under 60 years of age and with higher risk of HIV infection.CONCLUSION: people who were ?60 years old, divorced/widowed/ separated, with frequencies (in the past 30 days) of having commercial sex more than 5 times, never or occasionally using a condom when having commercial sex etc., appeared at high risk. Middle-aged and elderly male clients who used sildenafil or sildenafil-like drugs were under high risk of contracting HIV infection.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'China', 'Condoms', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Piperazines', 'Prescription Drug Misuse', 'Prevalence', 'Purines', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Work', 'Sex Workers', 'Sexual Partners', 'Sildenafil Citrate', 'Sulfonamides', 'Syphilis']
| 25,598,251
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.606'], ['E02.319.306.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802.790', 'I01.880.735.679'], ['M01.776'], ['M01.778'], ['D02.065.884.675', 'D02.886.590.700.675', 'D03.383.606.854', 'D03.633.100.759.824'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.840.500', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500', 'C01.150.252.734.859', 'C01.221.812.281.859', 'C01.778.281.859', 'C12.294.668.281.859', 'C13.351.500.711.281.859']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Interpretation of French Society of ENT guidelines on the roles of the various treatment options in childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].
|
The French Society of ENT and Head Neck Surgery?SFORL?present the guidelines on the roles of the various treatment options in childhood obstructive sleep apnea in May 2018?this paper is the interpretation of the guidelines.
|
['Child', 'France', 'Humans', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Societies, Medical']
| 32,086,910
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['N03.540.828.589']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The protein-specific phosphatase 1 antagonizes the beta-adrenergic increase of the cardiac Ca current.
|
In isolated ventricular cells from the adult guinea pig heart the slow Ca current was recorded during beta-adrenergic stimulation and during cell dialysis with a protein-specific phosphatase-1 (PPase-1). The increase in the amplitude of ICa during bath application of isoprenaline (5 X 10(-8) M) could be completely reversed by dialysing the cell with 2 microM PPase-1. Lower enzyme concentrations produced smaller effects. The control amplitude of ICa was only little affected by dialysis with PPase-1. The result suggests that PPase-1 is a likely candidate for the downregulation of Ca channels, that Ca channels can open in the dephosphorylated state.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ion Channels', 'Isoproterenol', 'Myocardium', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Ribosomal Proteins']
| 2,430,258
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.776.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Salmonella typhimurium mutants defective in the formate dehydrogenase linked to nitrate reductase.
|
Six fdn mutants of Salmonella typhimurium defective in the formation of nitrate reductase-linked formate dehydrogenase (FDHN) but capable of producing both the hydrogenase-linked formate dehydrogenase (FDHH) and nitrate reductase were characterized. Results of phage P22 transduction experiments indicated that there may be three fdn genes located on the metE-metB chromosomal segment and distinct from all previously identified fdh and chl loci. All six FDHH+ FDHN- mutants were found to make FDHN enzyme protein which was indistinguishable from that of the wild type in electrophoretic studies. However, the results of the spectral studies indicated that all six mutants were defective in the anaerobic cytochrome b559 associated with FDHN. All contained the cytochrome b559 associated with nitrate reductase in amounts equal to or greater than the wild type. The results of the transduction experiments also indicated that the metE- metB segment of the Salmonella chromosome resembles that of Escherichia coli more than was originally thought.
|
['Aldehyde Oxidoreductases', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Cytochrome b Group', 'Cytochromes', 'Formate Dehydrogenases', 'Mutation', 'Nitrate Reductases', 'Photosystem II Protein Complex', 'Salmonella typhimurium']
| 7,035,433
|
[['D08.811.682.657.163'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['D08.244.187', 'D12.776.422.220.187'], ['D08.244', 'D12.776.422.220'], ['D08.811.682.657.180'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.682.655.500'], ['D05.500.562.488.750', 'D08.811.600.710.750', 'D12.776.543.930.500.750', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750.750'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lung cancer risk and vitamin A consumption in New Mexico.
|
The association between dietary intake of vitamin A and lung cancer risk was examined in a population-based, case-control study of 447 patients and 759 control subjects in New Mexico. A food frequency interview was used to measure usual consumption of total vitamin A retinol, preformed vitamin A, and carotene. With all respondents combined, the odds ratios for lung cancer increased as intakes of total vitamin A and carotene declined but did not vary with intake of preformed vitamin A. When the subjects were stratified by ethnic group, Hispanic or non-Hispanic (Anglo) white, significant effects of vitamin A consumption were limited to the Anglos. In the Anglos, the protective effects of total vitamin A and carotene consumption were present in males and females, but varied strongly with cigarette smoking habits. In Anglo smokers, significant increases in the odds ratios with declining intake were observed in former but not in current smokers. Among the former smokers, significant effects of total vitamin A and carotene consumption were present only in those who had stopped smoking for 6 to 15 yr. Limitation of the protective effect of vitamin A and carotene consumption to past smokers has important implications for the design of clinical trials and for cancer control strategies.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Carotenoids', 'Diet', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'New Mexico', 'Risk', 'Smoking', 'Vitamin A']
| 3,970,450
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.560'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F01.145.805'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A model for computer simulation of P-glycoprotein and transmembrane delta pH-mediated anthracycline transport in multidrug-resistant tumor cells.
|
Anthracycline resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells is due in part to a reduced cellular drug accumulation. Using a simple kinetic model and numerical computer simulations, we have analyzed mathematically the following possible mechanisms controlling fluxes of the membrane permeable anthracyclines in MDR cells: (1) active outward transport via a specific drug transporter (P-glycoprotein), (2) exocytotic drug export via the endosomal vesicle system, and (3) pH-gradients across the plasma membrane. Model calculations were based on morphometric and kinetic data previously presented in the literature for daunorubicin transport in wild-type Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EHR2) and the corresponding daunorubicin (DNR)-resistant cell line EHR2/DNR+. The results confirm the possible importance of the cell-surface pH in controlling DNR accumulation in the cells. With P-glycoprotein as the main efflux pump, a catalytic constant of the protein greater than 40 mol DNR transported/mol protein per min is predicted by the model calculations. Changes in the drug binding affinity of P-glycoprotein (Km = 10(-9)-10(-6) M) is of little importance in influencing its effectiveness to reduce DNR accumulation, which could explain the broad substrate specificity of the MDR efflux pump system. The conditions to evaluate unidirectional fluxes of DNR across the plasma membrane in cells with active P-glycoprotein are defined. An efflux mechanism which relies solely on pH-dependent drug trapping in a pH 5 endosomal compartment by a simple diffusion process followed by exocytosis, appears inadequate to account for the high rate of DNR efflux in EHR2/DNR+ cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Biological Transport', 'Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Computer Simulation', 'Daunorubicin', 'Drug Resistance', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematics', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Neoplasm Proteins']
| 2,242,381
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['G03.143'], ['C04.557.470.200.200', 'C04.619.169'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['H01.548'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D12.776.624']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY IN EARLY IB1 STAGE CERVICAL CANCER].
|
The cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Worldwide 500,000 women a year become ill from cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to establish the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with IB1 cervical cancer in terms of disease free survival. Between 2002-2012, 132 patients diagnosed as IB1 stage according to FIGO criteria were enrolled in the study. Depending on the administered therapy the patients were divided into two groups--Group 1-93 patients were treated surgically and with adjuvant radiotherapy and Group 2--39 patients were treated surgically without adjuvant radiotherapy Surgery was radical hysterectomy class III and pelvic or paraaortic lymph node dissection(in cases of bulky paraaortic nodes), and adjuvant RT-telegamma therapy(TGT) in dose 52 Gy. The frequency of recurrence in a Group I (surgery and TGT) is 9.7%. Tree and five years disease free survival (DFS) is 88%. The frequency of recurrence in a Group 2 (surgery without TGT) is 25.6%. Tree and five years DFS respectively are 70% and 65%. In an analysis of oncological results establish that adjuvant TGT after surgery significantly increases DFS. On the other hand the addition of adjuvant TGT increases the patients morbidity Therefore should determine which are the risk factors for the occurrence of relapses and select group of patients who would benefit from adjuvant TGT and the risk of complications in them would be justified.
|
['Cervix Uteri', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 26,817,258
|
[['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['E04.446'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Osteocalcin gene Hind III polymorphism is not correlated with calcium oxalate stone disease.
|
The formation of urinary stones is presumed to be associated with polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene. The most frequently seen polymorphism is the Hind III type located at the promoter region. This polymorphism has been used as a genetic marker in the search for a correlation between urolithiasis and normal subjects. In our study, a normal control group of 105 healthy people and 102 patients with calcium oxalate stones were examined. The polymorphism was seen following polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. The results revealed no significant differences between normal individuals and stone patients (P = 0.978), and distribution of the TT homozygote in the control group (42.9%) was similar to that in the patient group (42.2%). Further categorization of the stone patients into normocalciuric and hypercalciuric groups also revealed no statistical differences from controls. We conclude that Hind III polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene is not a suitable genetic marker of urinary stone disease. Further searches for other polymorphisms on this gene correlated with stone disease are suggested.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Calcium Oxalate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteocalcin', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)', 'Urinary Calculi']
| 11,396,736
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.241.081.337.593.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.157.125.700'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.700'], ['C12.777.967.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500', 'C23.300.175.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tubulitis in primary vascular and glomerular renal disease.
|
A semiquantitative light microscopic study of 274 renal biopsy and 12 nephrectomy specimens was carried out to assess the frequency and severity of tubulitis (mononuclear leukocytes in the renal tubular wall) in all common glomerular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, renal amyloidosis and renal artery stenosis. The extent of interstitial inflammatory infiltrates and severity of interstitial fibrosis were also graded. Tubulitis was 1) frequent in crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) with pauci-immune, linear and granular immune deposits, renal artery stenosis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus GN of WHO type IV, and IgA GN; 2) rare in minimal change and idiopathic membranous nephropathy; 3) usually severe in crescentic GN and renal artery stenosis; and 4) predominantly located in atrophic tubules in renal artery stenosis, diabetic nephropathy and IgA GN. The most important parameter for the grading of tubulitis was interstitial infiltration. However, no correlation was found between the grades of tubulitis, interstitial infiltrates and interstitial fibrosis in crescentic and lupus GN. It is suggested that renal ischemic injury, by eliciting expression of proinflammatory cytokines and neo-antigens in the tubulointerstitial space, might play a role in the development of tubulitis in vascular and glomerular renal diseases.
|
['Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Fibrosis', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Humans', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Nephritis, Interstitial', 'Renal Artery Obstruction']
| 8,927,573
|
[['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['C23.550.355'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['C12.777.419.570.643', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643'], ['C12.777.419.775', 'C13.351.968.419.775', 'C14.907.137.727']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of cilnidipine on lipids, lipoproteins and fibrinolytic system in hypertensive patients.
|
Sixteen Japanese patients of both sexes aged 46-78 years with essential hypertension were studied at the cardiac clinic of the Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. Serum lipids, lipoproteins, plasma fibrinolytic parameters, renin and noradrenaline were determined before and after 3 months of cilnidipine treatment. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were reduced while renin and noradrenaline levels remained unchanged after cilnidipine treatment. Total cholesterol and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and t-PA-PAI-1 complex were reduced. Changes in the other lipids, lipoproteins and fibrinolytic parameters were not significant after cilnidipine treatment. A negative correlation was found between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and t-PA antigen levels after cilnidipine treatment. In conclusion, cilnidipine was effective for the treatment of hypertension and did not cause reflex tachycardia in Japanese patients. Cilnidipine treatment produced a beneficial lipid profile (decrease in total cholesterol), but did not show a consistent effect on fibrinolytic parameters in hypertensive patients. The metabolic interaction between beneficial lipid changes and fibrinolysis will be of value to better our understanding of the antiatherogenic effects of cilnidipine treatment in hypertensive patients.
|
['Aged', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Dihydropyridines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator']
| 11,109,511
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D03.383.725.203'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.861.695.500', 'D12.776.124.125.640', 'D12.776.872.695.500', 'D23.119.832.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The HLA-DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0602) heterodimer may confer susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the absence of the HLA-DR(alpha 1*01, beta 1*1501) heterodimer.
|
The frequencies of DR2, DQ6-related DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 haplotypes were compared in 181 multiple sclerosis patients and 294 controls in Norway. All individuals carried either DR2 or DQ6, i.e., the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0602) heterodimer. The DR(alpha 1*01, beta 1*1501) and the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0602) heterodimers were carried by 171 of the patients (94%) and 289 (98%) of the controls. Seven of the patients and one of the controls carried the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0603) heterodimer together with the DR(alpha 1*01, beta 1*1501) heterodimer. Two patients carried the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0602) heterodimer in the absence of the DR( alpha 1*01, beta 1*1501) heterodimer. The DR(alpha 1*01, beta 1*1501) heterodimer was not observed in the absence of the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0602) heterodimer or the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0603) heterodimer, neither in the patients nor in the controls. Our findings indicate that the genes encoding the DQ(alpha 1*0102, beta 1*0602) heterodimer may confer susceptibility to developing multiple sclerosis in the absence of the DRB1*1501 allele.
|
['Alleles', 'Dimerization', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Genotype', 'HLA-DQ Antigens', 'HLA-DQ alpha-Chains', 'HLA-DQ beta-Chains', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'HLA-DRB1 Chains', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Protein Conformation']
| 9,243,750
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430.500', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430.750', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430.750', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430.750', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430.750', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430.750', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430.750'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.200.010', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.333.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.333.500'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regression of castrate-recurrent prostate cancer by a small-molecule inhibitor of the amino-terminus domain of the androgen receptor.
|
Castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) is suspected to depend on androgen receptor (AR). The AF-1 region in the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of AR contains most, if not all, of the transcriptional activity. Here we identify EPI-001, a small molecule that blocked transactivation of the NTD and was specific for inhibition of AR without attenuating transcriptional activities of related steroid receptors. EPI-001 interacted with the AF-1 region, inhibited protein-protein interactions with AR, and reduced AR interaction with androgen-response elements on target genes. Importantly, EPI-001 blocked androgen-induced proliferation and caused cytoreduction of CRPC in xenografts dependent on AR for growth and survival without causing toxicity.
|
['Androgen Receptor Antagonists', 'Androgens', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Apoptosis', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'CREB-Binding Protein', 'Castration', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chlorohydrins', 'DNA', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prostate', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Receptors, Steroid', 'Response Elements', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 20,541,699
|
[['D06.347.065.249', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065.249'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.415.500.575.249', 'D12.776.930.680.300'], ['E04.270.282', 'E04.950.165'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.033.260'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500'], ['G02.111.694'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D12.776.826.750', 'D12.776.930.778'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased Beclin-1 expression is correlated with the growth of the primary tumor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.
|
Beclin-1 is a Bcl-2-interacting protein, and it may delay cell cycle progression and induce autophagy. The function and expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung remain largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Tissue samples from 262 cases were used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were conducted using a tissue microarray. In squamous cell carcinoma, Beclin-1 expression was strongly positive in 48 (28.6%) of 168 samples, it was moderately positive in 42 (25.0%) of 168 samples, and it was negative or weakly positive in 78 (46.4%) of 168 samples. In adenocarcinoma, Beclin-1 expression was strongly positive in 26 (27.7%) of 94 samples, it was moderately positive in 27 (28.7%) of 94 samples, and it was negative or weakly positive in 41 (43.6%) of 94 samples. Beclin-1 expression was inversely correlated with the tumor size and the primary tumor stage (pT) in both types of tumor. Especially, the TNM stage of adenocarcinoma was inversely correlated with Beclin-1 expression. Our results suggest that a progressively reduced Beclin-1 expression is correlated with the primary tumor growth of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Beclin-1', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Republic of Korea', 'Survival Rate', 'Tissue Array Analysis']
| 21,777,947
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['D12.644.360.075.335', 'D12.776.094.500', 'D12.776.476.075.335'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E05.588.570.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Delayed-onset pachyonychia congenita associated with a novel mutation in the central 2B domain of keratin 16.
|
A young girl with clinical features of pachyonychia congenita type 1 was unusual in that the typical skin and nail changes were not noted until the age of 6 years. Direct sequencing of the KRT16A gene, encoding keratin K16, revealed a novel mutation K354N in the central 2B domain of the K16 polypeptide. The mutation created a new BsmI restriction site and therefore, the mutation was confirmed in the patient and excluded from both parents and 50 normal, unrelated individuals by BsmI digestion of KRT16A polymerase chain reaction products. This is the first time a mutation has been described in this location in a keratin other than K14, where similar mutations cause the milder Weber-Cockayne and/or K?bner types of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
|
['Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratins', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Nails, Malformed']
| 11,359,398
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C23.300.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Recovery of a medieval Brucella melitensis genome using shotgun metagenomics.
|
Shotgun metagenomics provides a powerful assumption-free approach to the recovery of pathogen genomes from contemporary and historical material. We sequenced the metagenome of a calcified nodule from the skeleton of a 14th-century middle-aged male excavated from the medieval Sardinian settlement of Geridu. We obtained 6.5-fold coverage of a Brucella melitensis genome. Sequence reads from this genome showed signatures typical of ancient or aged DNA. Despite the relatively low coverage, we were able to use information from single-nucleotide polymorphisms to place the medieval pathogen genome within a clade of B. melitensis strains that included the well-studied Ether strain and two other recent Italian isolates. We confirmed this placement using information from deletions and IS711 insertions. We conclude that metagenomics stands ready to document past and present infections, shedding light on the emergence, evolution, and spread of microbial pathogens. Importance: Infectious diseases have shaped human populations and societies throughout history. The recovery of pathogen DNA sequences from human remains provides an opportunity to identify and characterize the causes of individual and epidemic infections. By sequencing DNA extracted from medieval human remains through shotgun metagenomics, without target-specific capture or amplification, we have obtained a draft genome sequence of an ~700-year-old Brucella melitensis strain. Using a variety of bioinformatic approaches, we have shown that this historical strain is most closely related to recent strains isolated from Italy, confirming the continuity of this zoonotic infection, and even a specific lineage, in the Mediterranean region over the centuries.
|
['Brucella melitensis', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Metagenomics']
| 25,028,426
|
[['B03.440.400.425.215.500.500', 'B03.660.050.070.100.500'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Medical technology at the end of life. What would physicians and nurses want for themselves?
|
BACKGROUND: Advance directives assume that patients are able to decide what interventions they would wish in the event of catastrophic illness. This study examines the preferences of nurses and physicians, who have extensive exposure to sick patients, for care at the end of life.METHODS: Nursing and medical staff of a community teaching hospital were asked to complete the medical directive, detailing which of 12 interventions they would wish for themselves in each of four scenarios. Two additional scenarios were added to ascertain preferences for care in the event of severe illness in a previously healthy 85-year-old subject and in a chronically ill 75-year-old subject.RESULTS: Refusal rate among the 127 nurses and 115 physicians who completed the questionnaire, averaged over the four scenarios, was 78%. Nurses and physicians refused 31% of proposed therapies in the case of acute illness in a previously healthy 85-year-old subject and 57% of interventions in the case of major illness in a 75-year-old subject with multiple debilitating chronic illnesses. Nurses reported significantly higher refusal rates than physicians for the scenarios involving possible reversible coma, the healthy 85-year-old subject, and the chronically ill 75-year-old subject. Factors predicting refusal patterns were age and being a nurse.CONCLUSION: We conclude that physicians and nurses, who have extensive exposure to hospitals and sick patients, are unlikely to wish aggressive treatment if they become terminally ill, demented, or are in a persistent vegetative state. Many would also decline aggressive care on the basis of age alone, especially in the presence of functional impairment. These findings call into question the utility of detailed advance directives and suggest a need to focus on the goals of treatment for all elderly patients.
|
['Adult', 'Advance Directives', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Double Effect Principle', 'Ethics', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Community', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Nurses', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Physicians', 'Treatment Refusal', 'Withholding Treatment']
| 8,239,847
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.880.604.583.020', 'N03.706.535.020', 'N04.590.233.624.124.050'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['K01.752.566.479.101', 'N05.350.238'], ['K01.752.566.479', 'N05.350'], ['N02.278.421.306'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['F01.100.150.750.750', 'F01.145.488.887.750', 'I01.880.604.473.650.968', 'N03.706.437.650.875', 'N05.300.150.800.750'], ['E02.760.952', 'N02.421.585.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Role of Surgical Resection for Stage IV Gastric Cancer With Synchronous Hepatic Metastasis.
|
BACKGROUND: With improved responses to chemotherapy and targeted treatments, the role of surgery in metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) to the liver needs to be revisited. We sought to examine whether surgical resection is associated with improvement of long-term survival.METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for MGC to the liver (2010-2014). Survival analysis was performed to compare the effect of gastrectomy and perioperative chemotherapy (G-CT) to palliative chemotherapy (PCT) alone.RESULTS: We identified 3175 patients with MGC to the liver. Most patients (94%, n = 2979) were treated with PCT, whereas 6% (n = 196 patients) underwent G-CT. Overall survival improved in patients treated with G-CT compared to PCT alone (16 versus 9.7 mo, P < 0.001). In patients undergoing G-CT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with increased overall survival compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (18.9 versus 14.8 mo, P = 0.011). Hazards of death significantly decreased with gastrectomy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.63, P < 0.001). Negative prognostic factors included advanced age (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.14, P < 0.001), treatment at nonacademic institution (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.33, P < 0.001), and poorly differentiated grade (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17-2.03, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: G-CT is associated with improved survival in patients with gastric cancer and synchronous liver metastasis. Further experience with well-designed prospective trials may be warranted to confirm these findings.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Palliative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,463,751
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Halothane-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle: a possible contribution of increased cyclic GMP formation.
|
Halothane (0.75 to 2.25%) dose-dependently relaxed the vascular smooth muscle of endothelium-denuded rat aortae previously contracted with KCl, and the relaxing effect was not significantly affected by indomethacin nor dexamethasone, but partly inhibited by methylene blue. The cyclic GMP levels were increased by treatment with halothane (2.25%). It was suggested that halothane-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle is partly mediated by cyclic GMP formation.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Dexamethasone', 'Halothane', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Indomethacin', 'Male', 'Methylene Blue', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 1,645,814
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular expression of camelid single-domain antibodies specific for influenza virus nucleoprotein uncovers distinct features of its nuclear localization.
|
UNLABELLED: Perturbation of protein-protein interactions relies mostly on genetic approaches or on chemical inhibition. Small RNA viruses, such as influenza A virus, do not easily lend themselves to the former approach, while chemical inhibition requires that the target protein be druggable. A lack of tools thus constrains the functional analysis of influenza virus-encoded proteins. We generated a panel of camelid-derived single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) against influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), a viral protein essential for nuclear trafficking and packaging of the influenza virus genome. We show that these VHHs can target NP in living cells and perturb NP's function during infection. Cytosolic expression of NP-specific VHHs (áNP-VHHs) disrupts virus replication at an early stage of the life cycle. Based on their specificity, these VHHs fall into two distinct groups. Both prevent nuclear import of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex without disrupting nuclear import of NP alone. Different stages of the virus life cycle thus rely on distinct nuclear localization motifs of NP. Their molecular characterization may afford new means of intervention in the virus life cycle.IMPORTANCE: Many proteins encoded by RNA viruses are refractory to manipulation due to their essential role in replication. Thus, studying their function and determining how to disrupt said function through pharmaceutical intervention are difficult. We present a novel method based on single-domain-antibody technology that permits specific targeting and disruption of an essential influenza virus protein in the absence of genetic manipulation of influenza virus itself. Characterization of such interactions may help identify new targets for pharmaceutical intervention. This approach can be extended to study proteins encoded by other viral pathogens.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Dogs', 'Gene Expression', 'Influenza A virus', 'Molecular Biology', 'Nucleocapsid Proteins', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Single-Domain Antibodies', 'Viral Core Proteins', 'Virology', 'Virus Replication']
| 25,540,369
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G05.297'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['D12.776.964.970.600'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.900', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.900', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.900', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.897'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.850'], ['H01.158.273.540.859'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On the possible role of biliverdin stimulation of cyclic AMP levels as a trigger for liver regeneration in the rat.
|
Contrary to a recent report by Okazaki et al. (Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun., 1978, 81, 512-520) we show that high concentrations of biliverdin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) slightly reduce the mitotic rate in rat liver. Adenylate cyclase and both the "high Km" and "low Km" phosphodiesterase of rat liver plasma membranes are inhibited by high concentrations of biliverdin. Biliverdin has no effect on cyclic AMP production in isolated hepatocytes. An intracellular binding protein (glutathione-S-transferase B) is shown to bind biliverdin providing a mechanism for maintaining a low free intracellular concentration of the tetrapyrrole analogous to that of albumin in plasma. In conclusion, these results are not consistent with a role for biliverdin in stimulating liver regeneration in the rat via a mechanism involving elevated cyclic AMP levels.
|
["3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases", 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Bilirubin', 'Biliverdine', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Male', 'Mitotic Index', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 6,329,226
|
[['D08.811.277.352.640.150', 'D12.644.360.008', 'D12.776.476.008'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184.200', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184.200', 'D04.345.783.249.184.200', 'D23.767.193.184.200'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['G10.261.475', 'G16.762.468'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-Speed 3D Printing of High-Performance Thermosetting Polymers via Two-Stage Curing.
|
Design and direct fabrication of high-performance thermosets and composites via 3D printing are highly desirable in engineering applications. Most 3D printed thermosetting polymers to date suffer from poor mechanical properties and low printing speed. Here, a novel ink for high-speed 3D printing of high-performance epoxy thermosets via a two-stage curing approach is presented. The ink containing photocurable resin and thermally curable epoxy resin is used for the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. After printing, the part is thermally cured at elevated temperature to yield an interpenetrating polymer network epoxy composite, whose mechanical properties are comparable to engineering epoxy. The printing speed is accelerated by the continuous liquid interface production assisted DLP 3D printing method, achieving a printing speed as high as 216 mm h-1 . It is also demonstrated that 3D printing structural electronics can be achieved by combining the 3D printed epoxy composites with infilled silver ink in the hollow channels. The new 3D printing method via two-stage curing combines the attributes of outstanding printing speed, high resolution, low volume shrinkage, and excellent mechanical properties, and provides a new avenue to fabricate 3D thermosetting composites with excellent mechanical properties and high efficiency toward high-performance and functional applications.
|
['Epoxy Compounds', 'Printing, Three-Dimensional', 'Silver']
| 29,383,797
|
[['D02.355.291.411'], ['J01.897.564', 'L01.224.108.150.500', 'L01.296.110.150.500'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ancestral Genomes: a resource for reconstructed ancestral genes and genomes across the tree of life.
|
A growing number of whole genome sequencing projects, in combination with development of phylogenetic methods for reconstructing gene evolution, have provided us with a window into genomes that existed millions, and even billions, of years ago. Ancestral Genomes (http://ancestralgenomes.org) is a resource for comprehensive reconstructions of these 'fossil genomes'. Comprehensive sets of protein-coding genes have been reconstructed for 78 genomes of now-extinct species that were the common ancestors of extant species from across the tree of life. The reconstructed genes are based on the extensive library of over 15 000 gene family trees from the PANTHER database, and are updated on a yearly basis. For each ancestral gene, we assign a stable identifier, and provide additional information designed to facilitate analysis: an inferred name, a reconstructed protein sequence, a set of inferred Gene Ontology (GO) annotations, and a 'proxy gene' for each ancestral gene, defined as the least-diverged descendant of the ancestral gene in a given extant genome. On the Ancestral Genomes website, users can browse the Ancestral Genomes by selecting nodes in a species tree, and can compare an extant genome with any of its reconstructed ancestors to understand how the genome evolved.
|
['Animals', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Eukaryota', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Extinction, Biological', 'Genes', 'Genes, Archaeal', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genes, Protozoan', 'Genome', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Phylogeny', 'Software']
| 30,371,900
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['B01'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G16.510'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.124', 'G05.360.340.358.024.124', 'G05.360.340.358.050.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.396', 'G05.360.340.397.500'], ['G05.360.340'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi.
|
BACKGROUND: While great strides have been achieved in fighting malaria through the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) strategy, the recent world malaria report shows an increase in malaria-related deaths compared to previous years. Malaria control tools are efficacious and effective in preventing the disease; however, the human behaviour aspect of the intervention strategies is weak due to heavy reliance on positive human health behaviour. The challenge lies in adoption of control interventions by the target population which, to an extent, may include access to prevention and treatment tools. We present a qualitative assessment of the use of the Health Animator (HA) model for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) to improve adoption and use of malaria control by promoting positive health behaviours.RESULTS: We conducted 3 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 23 individual in-depth interviews (IDIs) with HAs. Each FGD consisted of 8 participants. Data was analysed using QSR International NVivo 10 software. There are four main themes emerging regarding HA experiences. The perceptions include; collaborative work experience, personal motivation and growth, community participation with health animation and challenges with implementation. Results suggest that HAs were pleased with the training as they gained new information regarding malaria, which affected their use of malaria control interventions within their families. Knowledge was well assimilated from the trainings and influenced personal growth in becoming a community leader. Support from the leadership within the village and the health system was important in legitimising the main messages. The community responded positively to the workshops valued the information imparted. The voluntary nature of the work in a poverty-stricken community affected sustainability.CONCLUSIONS: There is need to empower communities with strategies within their reach. Functioning traditional social support structures are a crucial element in sustainability. Voluntarism is also key for sustainability, especially for rural and remote communities with limited sources of income.
|
['Disease Management', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Malawi', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Public Health', 'Qualitative Research', 'Rural Population']
| 32,197,660
|
[['N04.590.607'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['Z01.058.290.175.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N01.600.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A comparative study of mechanical and homograft prostheses in the pulmonary position.
|
BACKGROUND: Homografts (HGs) are considered the gold standard for pulmonary valve replacement. However, to avoid further operations, the use of mechanical valves (MVs) might be considered, especially in patients who had had multiple prior operations or require an additional MV in another position.METHODS: Data of 19 patients with MVs were compared with 19 patients with HGs, matched for age, sex, and follow-up time. Development of gradient and regurgitation were analyzed using hierarchical multilevel modeling. Mean follow-up time was 5.8 +/- 2.6 years.RESULTS: The initial pressure gradient was significantly lower in HGs compared with MVs (11.7 mm Hg vs 19.2 mm Hg, p = 0.006), but the annual increase was significantly higher in HGs compared with MVs (4.0 mm Hg/year vs 1.1 mm Hg/year, p = 0.008). The initial regurgitation grade was significantly higher in HGs compared with MVs (0.81 vs 0.37, p < 0.001), and the annual increase was also significantly higher in HGs compared with MVs (0.09 grade/year vs -0.01 grade/year, p < 0.001). Reintervention was required in 3 HGs (stenosis), and in 2 MVs (thrombosis after irregular anticoagulation, dysfunction due to ingrowth of tissue). Freedom from reintervention was not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.32).CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic performances of MVs are superior to HGs because gradient and regurgitation develop significantly slower. However, this does not lead to lower reintervention rates. Because reoperations of MVs can be prevented by appropriate surgical technique and strict anticoagulation, MVs should be considered for the pulmonary position, especially in patients who require anticoagulation treatment for additional MVs or rhythm disturbances.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Pulmonary Valve', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Young Adult']
| 19,853,107
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C14.280.484'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['A07.541.510.738'], ['E04.936.864'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The role of adrenergic, purinergic and opiate receptors in the control of prostacyclin-induced contraction in the guinea-pig ileum.
|
The interactions between prostacyclin (PGI2) and adrenergic, opiate, purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists were studied in isolated segments of guinea-pig ileum by recording the changes in isometric tension. The contractile response of these preparations to PGI2 was rapid and qualitatively similar to the effect of acetylcholine. Noradrenaline (30-300 nM) reduced the effect of PGI2 (20 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory action of noradrenaline on PGI2-induced contractions was prevented by the alpha-blocker phentolamine and unaffected by the beta-blocker D(--)INPEA. Morphine (10,50 nM) antagonized the response of the ileum to PGI2 and naloxone prevented this inhibition. Also N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) (10,50 nM) inhibited the effect of PGI2, which was restored when theophylline was added before PIA. The present results indicate that presynaptic alpha-adrenergic, opiate and purinergic receptor stimulation operates a negative control on the effect of PGI2 in guinea-pig ileum.
|
['Animals', 'Epoprostenol', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Ileum', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Morphine', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Norepinephrine', 'Phentolamine', 'Phenylisopropyladenosine', 'Receptors, Adrenergic', 'Receptors, Neurotransmitter', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Receptors, Purinergic', 'Theophylline']
| 6,093,721
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D03.383.129.308.754'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.630', 'D13.570.583.138.630', 'D13.570.800.096.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.720'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Lhx9: a novel LIM-homeodomain gene expressed in the developing forebrain.
|
A novel LIM-homeodomain gene, Lhx9, was isolated by degenerate RT-PCR followed by mouse embryonic library screening. Lhx9 cDNA encodes a protein that is most closely related to Drosophila apterous and rodent Lhx2 proteins. The Lhx9 spatiotemporal pattern of expression during embryogenesis was similar but distinct from Lhx2. Highest expression levels were found in the diencephalon, telencephalic vesicles, and dorsal mesencephalon. Domains of expression respected the proposed neuromeric boundaries (). Lhx9 was also expressed in the spinal cord, forelimb and hindlimb mesenchyme, and urogenital system. Although Lhx9 expression was sustained in diencephalon and mesencephalon from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to postnatal stages, it was transient in the future cerebral cortex, where it was turned off between E14.5 and E16.5. Lhx9 expression was highest if not exclusively located (depending on the region of interest) in the intermediate and mantle zones, as opposed to the mitotic ventricular zone. Lhx9 protein was tested for interaction with the recently discovered cofactors of LIM-homeodomain proteins and was found to interact strongly both with CLIM1 and CLIM2. The expression pattern and structural characteristics of Lhx9 suggest that it encodes a transcription factor that might be involved in the control of cell differentiation of several neural cell types. Furthermore, Lhx9 protein could act in a combinatorial manner with other LIM-homeodomain factors expressed in overlapping pattern.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Chick Embryo', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'LIM-Homeodomain Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Organ Specificity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prosencephalon', 'Rats', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription Factors']
| 9,880,598
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.776.260.529', 'D12.776.512.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G07.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Medical complications associated with carotid endarterectomy. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid endarterectomy (CE) has been shown to be beneficial in patients with symptomatic high-grade (70% to 99%) internal carotid artery stenosis. To achieve this benefit, complications must be kept to a minimum. Complications not associated with the procedure itself, but related to medical conditions, have received little attention.METHODS: Medical complications that occurred within 30 days after CE were recorded in 1415 patients with symptomatic stenosis (30% to 99%) of the internal carotid artery. They were compared with 1433 patients who received medical care alone. All patients were in the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET).RESULTS: One hundred fifteen patients (8.1%) had 142 medical complications: 14 (1%) myocardial infarctions, 101 (7.1%) other cardiovascular disorders, 11 (0.8%) respiratory complications, 6 (0.4%) transient confusions, and 10 (0.7%) other complications. Of the 142 complications, 69.7% were of short duration, and only 26.8% prolonged hospitalization. Five patients died: 3 from myocardial infarction and 2 suddenly. Medically treated patients experienced similar complications with one third the frequency. Endarterectomy was approximately 1.5 times more likely to trigger medical complications in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, angina, or hypertension (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative medical complications were observed in slightly fewer than 1 of every 10 patients who underwent CE. The majority of these complications completely resolved. Most complications were cardiovascular and occurred in patients with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors. In this selected population, the occurrence of perioperative myocardial infarction was uncommon.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Confusion', 'Endarterectomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Regression Analysis', 'Respiration Disorders', 'Risk Factors']
| 10,471,420
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.360', 'C14.907.137.230', 'C14.907.253.123.360'], ['C10.597.606.337', 'C23.888.592.604.339', 'F01.700.250'], ['E04.100.814.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['C08.618'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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