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Nicotine patch for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a prospective randomised trial.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been demonstrated that smoking significantly reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, there are approximately 4000 substances in cigarette smoke that can be responsible for this effect. To demonstrate whether nicotine is the substance with antiemetic effects we applied a nicotine patch in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia.METHODS: Seventy-five patients classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists' classification) I/II were divided in three groups: group 1 (n = 25), which comprised non-smokers; group 2 (n = 25), which comprised patients who had given up smoking for the last 5 years and received perioperatively a nicotine patch that contained 16.6mg nicotine/patch; and group 3 (n = 25), which comprised actual smokers. Postoperatively, the incidence of PONV and the need for antiemetic rescue medication were monitored every 6 hours.RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in the incidence of PONV in group 2 (5/25 [20%], p = 0.0001 vs group 1) and group 3 (8/25 [32%], p = 0.002 vs group 1) compared with group 1 (18/25 [76%]). The difference in incidence of PONV between group 2 and group 3 was not significant (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine significantly reduced the incidence of PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Antiemetics', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nicotine', 'Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting', 'Prospective Studies', 'Smoking']
| 17,638,396
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.030', 'D27.505.954.427.095', 'D27.505.954.483.200'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['C23.550.767.859', 'C23.888.821.712.700', 'C23.888.821.937.059'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
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|
Speckle reduction in ultrasound medical images using adaptive filter based on second order statistics.
|
This article discusses an adaptive filtering technique for reducing speckle using second order statistics of the speckle pattern in ultrasound medical images. Several region-based adaptive filter techniques have been developed for speckle noise suppression, but there are no specific criteria for selecting the region growing size in the post processing of the filter. The size appropriate for one local region may not be appropriate for other regions. Selection of the correct region size involves a trade-off between speckle reduction and edge preservation. Generally, a large region size is used to smooth speckle and a small size to preserve the edges into an image. In this paper, a smoothing procedure combines the first order statistics of speckle for the homogeneity test and second order statistics for selection of filters and desired region growth. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is calculated for every region during the region contraction and region growing for second order statistics. Further, these GLCM features determine the appropriate filter for the region smoothing. The performance of this approach is compared with the aggressive region-growing filter (ARGF) using edge preservation and speckle reduction tests. The processed image results show that the proposed method effectively reduces speckle noise and preserves edge details.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Liver', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Spleen', 'Ultrasonography']
| 17,566,930
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['L01.224.308'], ['A03.620'], ['L01.224.800'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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|
Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma.
|
Asthma exacerbation can be a life-threatening condition, and is most often triggered by common respiratory viruses. Poor asthma control and worsening of respiratory function is associated with increased airway inflammation, including eosinophilia. Prevention of asthma exacerbation relies on treatment with corticosteroids, which preferentially inhibit allergic inflammation like eosinophils. Human studies demonstrate that inactivated virus can trigger eosinophil activation in vitro through antigen presentation and memory CD4+ lymphocytes. We hypothesized that animals with immunologic memory to a respiratory virus would also develop airway hyperresponsiveness in response to a UV-inactivated form of the virus if they have pre-existing allergic airway inflammation. Guinea pigs were ovalbumin-sensitized, infected with live parainfluenza virus (PIV), aerosol-challenged with ovalbumin, and then re-inoculated 60 days later with live or UV-inactivated PIV. Some animals were either treated with dexamethasone prior to the second viral exposure. Lymphocytes were isolated from parabronchial lymph nodes to confirm immunologic memory to the virus. Airway reactivity was measured and inflammation was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage and lung histology. The induction of viral immunologic memory was confirmed in infected animals. Allergen sensitized and challenged animals developed airway hyperreactivity with eosinophilic airway inflammation when re-exposed to UV-inactivated PIV, while non-sensitized animals did not. Airway hyperreactivity in the sensitized animals was inhibited by pre-treatment with dexamethasone. We suggest that the response of allergic inflammation to virus antigen is a significant factor causing asthma exacerbation. We propose that this is one mechanism explaining how corticosteroids prevent virus-induced asthma attack.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Asthma', 'Dexamethasone', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Inflammation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human', 'Respiratory Hypersensitivity', 'Respirovirus Infections']
| 28,742,120
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.700.715'], ['C08.674', 'C20.543.480.680'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Should we modify our indications after the EVAR-2 trial conclusions?
|
BACKGROUND: To compare the results of the endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients considered as unfit for surgery in a "high volume" center with the EVAR-2 trial results.METHODS: In our center, between January 2006 and December 2008, 469 endovascular aorta treatments were performed in high-risk patients. All the data were prospectively collected in a database. Among 469 patients, we selected 191 patients considered as unfit for open surgery (group 1) corresponding to the EVAR trial criteria. Variables such as postoperative mortality at 30 days and 1 year, complications rates, as well as early and late redo surgery were evaluated. Long-term pharmacological treatment before surgery was listed. These results were compared with the EVAR trial (group 2). Survival during the follow-up was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: Mortality at 30 days was 1.6% and 9% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.002). Global complication rate was 44% and 43% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.52). Over the follow-up period, the redo surgery rate was 13% and 26% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0102). In our cohort, the survival rate at 2 years was 84% with a residual number of 102 patients. Before surgery, a long-term antiplatelet treatment was prescribed in 89% and 58% of the patients and statins in 74% and 39% of the patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: The EVAR-2 trial conclusions are in opposition to the practice of French vascular surgeons. Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms in high-risk patients is justified. This study confirms the importance of a multidisciplinary treatment for high-risk patients in high-volume centers.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortography', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'France', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Patient Selection', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,724,099
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.070', 'E01.370.370.050.070'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
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|
Competing species in a changing climate: effects of recruitment disturbances on two interacting barnacle species.
|
1. The climate is changing and data-based simulation models can be a valuable tool for predicting population response to such changes and investigate the mechanisms of population change. In this study, a data-based two-species matrix model was constructed to explore the possible effects of elevated sea surface temperature (i.e. climate change) on the interaction between open populations of the south Atlantic barnacle species Chthamalus montagui and the boreal species Semibalanus balanoides in the north-east Atlantic. 2. First, the model was used to perform an elasticity analysis to determine the relative importance of recruitment and survival in the interaction. Further, three scenarios of changes in recruitment, related to climate change, were investigated with model simulations: (i) increased frequencies of low recruitment for S. balanoides; (ii) increased frequencies of high recruitment for C. montagui; (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). 3. Model simulations showed that in present environmental conditions, S. balanoides occupied most of the space and dominated the interaction through high recruitment and survival. These results matched independent field observations, which validated the model for further analyses. 4. The elasticity analyses showed that although free space was available there was competition for space during recruitment intervals. It was also shown that both populations were sensitive to changes in recruitment. 5. Introducing the three scenarios of recruitment disturbances led to large changes in species abundance and free space. The most significant changes were found when scenario (i) and (ii) were combined, producing a shift in species dynamics towards C. montagui dominance. This demonstrates that recruitment can be an important mechanism in the interaction between populations and that the population response to changes in recruitment depends on the added response of interacting species. 6. In a more general context, this model shows that increased sea surface temperature could rapidly lead to increased competition from southern species at higher latitudes. This might accelerate the effects of climate change on the species distribution at these latitudes and eventually lead to changes in community dynamics on temperate and subarctic shores.
|
['Animals', 'Atlantic Ocean', 'Climate', 'Ecology', 'Models, Biological', 'Population Density', 'Population Dynamics', 'Reproduction', 'Species Specificity', 'Thoracica', 'Time Factors']
| 16,689,959
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.756.092'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['E05.599.395'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 1
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The cortisol response in policemen: intraindividual variation, not concentration level, predicts truncal obesity.
|
OBJECTIVES: Chronic stress, characteristic of police work, affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis' control of cortisol production. Capacity to vary cortisol may be the appropriate measurement to interpret associations with chronic diseases, including obesity, best measured by variability within a person, not central tendency.METHODS: On each of 217 policemen, 18 saliva specimens were obtained for cortisol. Statistical models examined the associations of within-subjects (W-S) cortisol standard deviation (SD) and W-S cortisol mean with waist circumference and four body composition indexes: BMI, and three derived from DEXA: fat-mass, and trunk and extremities lean-mass. Explained variance and the functional nature of associations are reported.RESULTS: Associations of anthropometrics with W-S cortisol mean were not statistically significant at P < 0.05; all associations with W-S cortisol SD were significant. The association of trunk lean mass index (LMIt ) with W-S cortisol SD dominated all models. Associations of W-S cortisol SD with other indexes vanished when models contained LMIt ; when any other index was included in models predicting LMIt , associations with W-S cortisol SD remained significant. The functional association between LMIt and W-S cortisol SD is progressively "hockey stick," monotonic increasing, and flattens at joint high values.CONCLUSIONS: Results support inferences that LMIt measures visceral adiposity and W-S cortisol variability appears to be an appropriate construct to measure in association with visceral adiposity. The "hockey stick" character of the association is consistent with other investigations suggesting obesity is associated with less W-S cortisol variation; however, the monotonic increase and flattening of association at increasing W-ScortisolSD values suggests a more complex association, potentially interpretable by allostasis models of causation.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Body Fat Distribution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Police', 'Saliva', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 23,606,277
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062', 'G02.111.130.134', 'G03.180.134', 'G07.100.049.134'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['M01.526.373.750', 'M01.526.760'], ['A12.200.666'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Comparison of the refolding of hen lysozyme from dimethyl sulfoxide and guanidinium chloride.
|
The folding of hen egg white lysozyme is complex, involving parallel pathways and distinct folding domains [Radford, S.E., Dobson, C.M., & Evans, P.A. (1992) Nature 358, 302-307]. In the present work the refolding of this protein from two denatured states that have different conformational properties, one generated by the presence of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and the other by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), has been examined. Refolding was initiated by rapid dilution and followed by hydrogen-exchange pulse labeling, stopped-flow circular dichroism (CD) in the near-ultraviolet region, and stopped-flow fluorescence experiments. When the final refolding conditions were identical (545 mM GdmCl, 8% (v/v) DMSO, and 20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, 20 degrees C), the folding behavior from the different denatured states monitored by near-UV CD and hydrogen-exchange pulse labeling was indistinguishable. These experiments indicate that the folding process of hen lysozyme is not significantly dependent on the nature of the two denatured states. The complexities in the pathway, therefore, appear to arise from properties of the collapsed state which is formed within the first few milliseconds of refolding. The kinetics of folding were found to be dependent on the concentration of DMSO in the final refolding buffer, although the fundamental properties of the pathway, including the existence of parallel events and distinct folding domains, are preserved under all the conditions studied. Inclusion of DMSO in the refolding buffer increases the rate of formation of native-like structure and of the native state itself. This could result from destablization of species formed early in folding, allowing them to rearrange more rapidly to permit productive folding to proceed. The results indicate that examination of a wide range of conditions will contribute substantially to a more complete understanding of protein folding pathways.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Egg White', 'Female', 'Guanidine', 'Guanidines', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Muramidase', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary']
| 7,849,031
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['G07.203.300.470.700', 'J02.500.470.700'], ['D02.078.370.472'], ['D02.078.370'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reparative Effects of Poloxamer P188 in Astrocytes Exposed to Controlled Microcavitation.
|
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a neurological dysfunction that can result from a sudden exposure to shockwave and lead to adverse health consequences. Currently, there are no preventive measures that specifically target bTBI. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain such injuries, including the generation of microcavitation (e.g., microbubbles) in the brain that subsequently collapses with high pressure. This study was designed to explore and elucidate potential therapeutic effects of surfactants (poloxamers P188) to partially repair the damaged brain tissue due to bTBI. A controlled electrical discharge system was designed and validated to generate microbubbles of 20-30 ìm in size. Using this system, we tested the hypothesis that the P188 can partially rescue astrocytes exposed to collapsing microbubbles. The immediate impact of the collapse of microbubbles created a crater-like region in which astrocytes detached from the substrate. Of those cells that survived the initial mechanical assault, the poloxamer P188 demonstrated reparative potential by partially restoring calcium spiking and minimizing the production of reactive oxygen species. The FDA-approved P188 may offer a potential therapeutic treatment for those exposed to a blast and suffered bTBI.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Blast Injuries', 'Brain Injuries, Traumatic', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Poloxamer', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 29,110,266
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['C26.120.126'], ['C10.228.140.199.444', 'C10.900.300.087.235', 'C26.915.300.200.194'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.682', 'D05.750.741.667', 'D25.720.741.667', 'J01.637.051.720.741.667'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
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| 0
|
[Long-term results of talus fractures].
|
In a retrospective study we analysed 29 operative treated fractures of the Talus. The classification of Marti and Weber has been used in this study. The incidence of necrosis was 17% of the group III and IV and that one of arthritis 27%. There was no infection in our series. We doubt that a longterm non weight-bearing with a caliper brace has an effect on the outcome of a necrosis of the Talus. The evidence of the Hawkins' sign on the ap-radiograph at 6-8 weeks is a good and simple parameter of the vitality of the Talus.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Screws', 'Bone Wires', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Talus', 'Wound Healing']
| 1,497,967
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['E07.695.370.468', 'E07.858.442.660.460.468', 'E07.858.690.725.460.468'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.780'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Increased episomal replication accounts for the high rate of adaptive mutation in recD mutants of Escherichia coli.
|
Adaptive mutation has been studied extensively in FC40, a strain of Escherichia coli that cannot metabolize lactose (Lac-) because of a frameshift mutation affecting the lacZ gene on its episome. recD mutants of FC40, in which the exonuclease activity of RecBCD (ExoV) is abolished but its helicase activity is retained, have an increased rate of adaptive mutation. The results presented here show that, in several respects, adaptive mutation to Lac+ involves different mechanisms in recD mutant cells than in wild-type cells. About half of the apparent increase in the adaptive mutation rate of recD mutant cells is due to a RecA-dependent increase in episomal copy number and to growth of the Lac- cells on the lactose plates. The remaining increase appears to be due to continued replication of the episome, with the extra copies being degraded or passed to recD+ recipients. In addition, the increase in adaptive mutation rate in recD mutant cells is (i) dependent on activities of the single-stranded exonucleases, RecJ and ExoI, which are not required for (in fact, slightly inhibit) adaptive mutation in wild-type cells, and (ii) enhanced by RecG, which opposes adaptive mutation in wild-type cells.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Exodeoxyribonuclease V', 'Exodeoxyribonucleases', 'Genotype', 'Lactose', 'Models, Genetic', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Time Factors', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 10,224,241
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.375.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.375', 'D08.811.277.352.365.290'], ['G05.380'], ['D09.698.629.305.340', 'D09.947.750.340'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.728'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Towards an environmentally-friendly laboratory: dimensionality and reactivity in the mechanosynthesis of metal-organic compounds.
|
We present a proof-of-principle study of an environmentally-friendly approach to laboratory research, in which the synthesis and structural characterisation of metal-organic complexes and frameworks are achieved without using bulk solvents; our study addresses the use of heteroditopic ligands for manipulating the dimensionality of metal-organic materials and describes how kinetic obstacles in such mechanosynthesis can be overcome.
|
['Green Chemistry Technology', 'Kinetics', 'Laboratories', 'Ligands', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Research']
| 21,060,924
|
[['J01.897.360'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D02.691'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cranial growth after distraction osteogenesis of the craniosynostosis.
|
The authors describe the continuance of the growth of the distracted cranium after the reshaping of the cranium by distraction osteogenesis (DO) in children with simple symmetric and asymmetric craniosynostosis. From 2000 until 2002, 9 children with simple craniosynostosis underwent cranial reshaping by gradual distraction using an external distraction device. Four patients have symmetric deformities caused by bicoronal and sagittal craniosynostosis, and 5 patients have asymmetric deformities caused by unicoronal and unilambdoidal craniosynostosis. The distraction device was developed and applied by the author. Preoperative simulation surgery was done on the three-dimensional rapid prototyped model and on the three-dimensional computerized tomography scan to determine the favorable osteotomy line. The distraction rate was from 1 to 1.5 mm/d, and the latency period was from 1 to 5 days. The extent of distraction was determined on the basis of the results of simulation surgery and the change of external appearance. Evaluation of the growth of reshaped cranium was processed from the data of the reconstructed three-dimensional computerized tomography scans before operation, immediate end of distraction, and the last follow-up time. The anteroposterior length and bitemporal width were measured in symmetric synostosis cases, and the distance from supratrochlear notch to occiput was measured in asymmetric synostosis cases. The results showed that the immediate morphologic changes of cranium after DO were maintained in both symmetric and asymmetric synostosis up to the last follow-up without evidence of relapse. Cases of asymmetric deformity also showed that the affected side and the unaffected side had grown with the maintenance of the symmetry that was corrected at the immediate end of the distraction. The cranium modified by the DO was well maintained with the children's growth without any signs of recurrent restricted growth of the original disease. The corrected symmetry of asymmetric deformity was well maintained during a long-term follow-up period as well.
|
['Cephalometry', 'Child, Preschool', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Cranial Sutures', 'Craniosynostoses', 'External Fixators', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Frontal Bone', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Occipital Bone', 'Osteogenesis, Distraction', 'Parietal Bone', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Skull', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,216,664
|
[['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['L01.224.108.150', 'L01.296.110.150'], ['A02.835.232.781.200'], ['C05.116.099.370.894.232', 'C05.660.207.240', 'C05.660.906.364', 'C16.131.621.207.240', 'C16.131.621.906.364'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A02.835.232.781.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A02.835.232.781.572'], ['E04.555.120.690'], ['A02.835.232.781.651'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Auditory event-related potentials demonstrate early cognitive impairment in children with subclinical hypothyroidism.
|
Background The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive functions of children with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and healthy children with the use of auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) and neuropsychological tests. Methods Twenty children aged between 8 and 17 years, diagnosed with SH, and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. A classical auditory oddball paradigm was applied during the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were evaluated between the 0.5- and 20-Hz frequency intervals. P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 amplitudes and latencies were measured in Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, Pz and Oz electrodes. Additionally, a number of neuropsychological tests evaluating the reaction time and various cognitive functions were carried out. Results In children with SH, P3 amplitudes in FCz, Cz and CPz electrodes were significantly lower than those in controls (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the P1N1 and N1P2 peak-to-peak amplitude values were also found to be smaller for children with SH than controls (p < 0.05). With regard to the neuropsychological tests, no significant difference was observed between the SH and control groups on any of the cognitive test parameters, reaction time or correct response rates. Conclusions In the present study, while children with SH did not differ from controls with respect to their cognitive functions evaluated via neuropsychological tests, cognitive differences were detected via electrophysiological investigations. This result implies that implicit changes in cognition which are not yet overtly reflected on neuropsychological tests may be detected at an early stage in children with SH.
|
['Adolescent', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Reaction Time']
| 31,194,683
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Polymorphonuclear neutral protease activity in multiple sclerosis and other diseases.
|
Polymorphonuclear neutral protease activity (PMN-NPA) was examined in 87 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) (48 active, 39 inactive), 49 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), 24 patients with immune-mediated non-neurological diseases (INND), and 32 normal subjects. PMN-NPA was found to be significantly increased in active MS compared with inactive MS and compared with each of the control groups. No differences were found between the group of normal subjects and the groups of patients with OND, INND, or inactive MS. Levels of PMN-NPA were significantly higher in the OND group than in inactive MS group. The differences for INND versus normal controls, neurological controls, and patients with inactive MS were not significant. No significant differences have been detected between active and inactive INND. These results suggest that PMN-NPA may be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of MS.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Endopeptidases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Neprilysin', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Neutrophils']
| 3,907,490
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.600', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.600', 'D23.050.285.550', 'D23.101.140.500'], ['C10'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Plasma proatrial natriuretic peptide associates with lipid oxidation during exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults.
|
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is known for its natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilatory properties. However, ANP also has metabolic effects stimulating lipolysis and lipid oxidation. Overweight individuals have decreased circulating ANP concentrations. It has been proposed that this potential ANP deficiency could have biological consequences in overweight-related disorders, including decreased lipolysis and lipid oxidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ANP, exercise-induced lipid oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 562 20-28-year-old healthy community-based women and men. We measured fasting plasma concentrations of mid-regional proANP (MR-proANP), a stable marker of ANP secretion, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during sub-maximal exercise, which provides an estimate of lipid oxidation, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2-max) at the end of a maximal exercise test, which is a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. An increase of 10 pmol/L in fasting plasma MR-proANP concentrations was related to an increase in relative VO2-max of 0.78 (95% CI 0.36-1.09) ml O2/min/kg and a decrease in RER of -0.0094 (-0.014 to -0.0045) in age- and sex-adjusted analysis (P < 0.001). Further adjusted for body mass index, a rise of 10 pmol/L in fasting plasma MR-proANP concentrations was associated with a rise in relative VO2-max of 0.60 (0.28-0.92) ml O2/min/kg and a fall in RER of -0.0096 (-0.015 to -0.0048) (P < 0.001). Fasting plasma MR-proANP concentrations associate with lipid oxidation during exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults. The data support the existence of important connections between the endocrine heart, hemodynamics, and metabolism.
|
['Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiorespiratory Fitness', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lipolysis', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Young Adult']
| 31,550,524
|
[['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G11.427.685.500', 'I03.450.642.845.054.300', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800.500', 'N01.400.150', 'N01.400.545.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['G02.111.534', 'G03.458.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.680'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Addressing concerns about cisplatin application during pregnancy.
|
INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer in second trimester of pregnancy is an oncologic challenge. Cisplatin is recommended to prevent cancer progression. This is a series correlating in vivo cisplatin concentration in the fetomaternal compartment and in breast milk with child development.METHODS: Eight consecutive patients with cervical cancer diagnosed during the second trimester underwent conization/biopsy and/or pelvic laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (LAE). Delay of pregnancy in combination with neoadjuvant monochemotherapy was performed. After 2-4 cycles of cisplatin monochemotherapy cesarean section followed by radical hysterectomy was performed above 31 weeks of gestation. Synchronous samples from maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and amniotic fluid were taken and analyzed. A probe of breast milk was taken from three patients. Pediatric aftercare was done every three months postpartum.RESULTS: Laparoscopic LAE was uncomplicated in all patients. In seven out of eight patients lymph nodes were tumor free. Nine healthy babies were delivered. Pediatric follow-up showed normal development. Cisplatin concentrations in the umbilical cord and amniotic fluid were 31-65% and 13-42% of the amount in maternal blood, respectively. In breast milk, cisplatin was detectable in 1-10% of maternal blood concentration.CONCLUSION: Knowledge of significant lower cisplatin concentrations in fetal compartment and normal child growth provides additional security to apply cisplatin in pregnancy. Breastfeeding cannot be recommended.
|
['Adult', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cesarean Section', 'Cisplatin', 'Conization', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Milk, Human', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 21,391,877
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.160', 'E01.370.225.998.054.160', 'E01.370.388.100.160', 'E04.074.160', 'E05.200.500.384.100.160', 'E05.200.998.054.160', 'E05.242.384.100.160'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E04.446'], ['A12.200.467', 'A12.790.500', 'G07.203.100.700.500', 'G07.203.300.350.525.500', 'J02.200.700.500', 'J02.500.350.525.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of self-expanding metal stent and intraluminal radioactive stent for inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: We compared the effectiveness of self-expanding metal stent alone vs. radioactive stent embedded with 125I seeds implantation insertion in patients of inoperable esophageal squamous cell cancer combined with malignant esophageal stenosis.METHODS: We studied two groups of patients with stenosis attribute to inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Group A had placed self-expanding metal stent alone insertion; group B encountered radioactive stent embedded with 125I seeds. Patients were followed up by monthly home visits or telephone interview. Survival time was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Log rank test was used to analyze factors of survival time for all significant differences.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups of all baseline characteristics. There was no statistical difference in complications including massive hematemesis, pain more than 1 month, stent migration, and restenosis. Survival time and causes of death such as tumor metastasis, massive hemorrhage, non-tumor-related factors, and restenosis were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). The medical costs were significantly less in group A than those in group B (P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Radioactive stent embedded with (125)I seeds was not significant in improving survival rate, but showed to increase hospitalization costs compared to self-expandable metal stent alone in treating inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma stricture.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brachytherapy', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Comparative Effectiveness Research', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', 'Esophageal Stenosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palliative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Self Expandable Metallic Stents', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,800,661
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.815.150'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E02.186'], ['H01.770.644.145.360.500', 'N05.425.157'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.330', 'C04.557.470.700.400.565', 'C04.588.274.476.205.500', 'C04.588.443.353.500', 'C06.301.371.205.500', 'C06.405.117.430.500', 'C06.405.249.205.500'], ['C06.405.117.544'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E07.695.750.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Defining Conditions for Optimal Inhibition of Food Intake in Rats by a Grape-Seed Derived Proanthocyanidin Extract.
|
Food intake depends on homeostatic and non-homeostatic factors. In order to use grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) as food intake limiting agents, it is important to define the key characteristics of their bioactivity within this complex function. We treated rats with acute and chronic treatments of GSPE at different doses to identify the importance of eating patterns and GSPE dose and the mechanistic aspects of GSPE. GSPE-induced food intake inhibition must be reproduced under non-stressful conditions and with a stable and synchronized feeding pattern. A minimum dose of around 350 mg GSPE/kg body weight (BW) is needed. GSPE components act by activating the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor because their effect is blocked by Exendin 9-39. GSPE in turn acts on the hypothalamic center of food intake control probably because of increased GLP-1 production in the intestine. To conclude, GSPE inhibits food intake through GLP-1 signaling, but it needs to be dosed under optimal conditions to exert this effect.
|
['Animals', 'Appetite Regulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 1', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor', 'Grape Seed Extract', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Proanthocyanidins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Signal Transduction']
| 27,775,601
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.170', 'G07.203.650.390.070.290', 'G10.261.390.070.290'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.021.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.360.100.500'], ['D20.215.784.500.400', 'D26.667.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.700', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.700', 'D05.750.078.937.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic accuracy of PCR for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus using field data from 125 Scottish sheep flocks.
|
Using a representative sample of Scottish sheep comprising 125 flocks, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) was estimated. By combining and adapting existing methods, the characteristics of the diagnostic test were estimated (in the absence of a gold standard reference) using repeated laboratory replicates. As the results of replicates within the same animal cannot be considered to be independent, the performance of the PCR was calculated at individual replicate level. The median diagnostic specificity of the PCR when applied to individual animals drawn from the Scottish flock was estimated to be 0.997 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.996-0.999), whereas the median sensitivity was 0.107 (95% CI 0.077-0.152). Considering the diagnostic test as three replicates where a positive result on any one or more replicates results in a positive test, the median sensitivity increased to 0.279. Reasons for the low observed sensitivity were explored by comparing the performance of the test as a function of the concentration of target DNA using spiked positive controls with known concentrations of target DNA. The median sensitivity of the test when used with positive samples with a mean concentration of 1.0 target DNA sequence per 25ìL was estimated to be 0.160, which suggests that the PCR had a high true (analytical) sensitivity and that the low observed (diagnostic) sensitivity in individual samples was due to low concentrations of target DNA in the blood of clinically healthy animals.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pulmonary Adenomatosis, Ovine', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Scotland', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sheep']
| 19,931,475
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.613.807.124.400', 'B04.820.650.124.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['C01.925.782.815.725', 'C01.925.928.740', 'C04.557.470.200.025.715', 'C22.836.715'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Osteochondral grafting for treatment of a massive chondral defect in the knee of a young adult with anterior cruciate ligament deficit.
|
We report the case of a 28-year-old woman who underwent osteochondral grafting and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for treatment of a massive cartilage defect in a knee joint with ACL deficit. Arthroscopy showed a full-thickness degenerative cartilage defect measuring 22 x 35 mm in the weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyle, a totally resected lateral meniscus, and a loosened ACL. Therefore we performed osteochondral autograft transplantation and ACL reconstruction. Osteochondral plugs were harvested from a donor site in the patellofemoral joint of the contralateral knee and grafted into the recipient site in a "skipping" manner. Arthroscopic examination 1 year after surgery showed good preservation of the grafts and satisfactory bridging of the gaps between the plugs with fibrocartilage-like tissue. A recent follow-up examination, performed 36 months after surgery, has shown an excellent result, with a Lysholm score of 100, an International Knee Documentation Committee score of 95.4, and full range of knee motion with no symptoms. Plain radiographs at that time showed preservation of the medial joint space on the weighted anteroposterior view. No osteoarthritic changes were evident in the patellofemoral joint.
|
['Adult', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament', 'Arthroscopy', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Injuries', 'Knee Joint']
| 17,868,845
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.513.514.100', 'A02.835.583.512.100', 'A10.165.669.514.100'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558.554'], ['A02.835.583.475']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased protein catabolism after exercise in subjects with IDDM.
|
We examined whether the increased rates of protein catabolism (proteolysis and leucine oxidation) associated with moderate insulinopenia in subjects with IDDM would be accentuated by prior bicycle exercise (53% VO2max for 82 min). Insulin infusions maintained plasma glucose concentrations on one study day in "tight" control (TC: 6 mmol/l) and on a separate day in "loose" control (LC: 12 mmol/l). Elevations in serum ketone body, plasma NEFA, and whole-blood branched-chain amino acid concentrations on the loose control day during the basal period persisted throughout the post-exercise recovery period. Amino acid kinetics were estimated during a primed, constant infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine from plasma dilution of alpha-[1-13C]KIC and expired air 13CO2 enrichments. Loose control was associated with increased rates of whole-body leucine oxidation (LC 25 +/- 7 vs TC 21 +/- 8 mumol.kg-1.h-1) and protein degradation (LC 127 +/- 12 vs TC 118 +/- 18 mumol.kg-1.h-1) (both p < 0.05). During the 2-h post exercise recovery period, there were significant decreases in rates of leucine oxidation (LC 21 +/- 7, TC 16 +/- 7) and protein degradation (LC 112 +/- 13, TC 107 +/- 11), compared to the basal period (both p < 0.05, basal vs recovery). Rates of whole-body protein synthesis were unchanged by prior exercise. In conclusion, moderate insulinopenia is associated with significantly higher rates of protein degradation and leucine oxidation in the basal state. Following exercise, net protein catabolism is diminished due to reduced rates of protein degradation in the presence of maintained rates of protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amino Acids, Branched-Chain', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Proteins', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Humans', 'Ketone Bodies', 'Male', 'Physical Exertion']
| 8,063,035
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.125.070'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D12.776.124'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D10.251.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.522.585'], ['G11.427.683']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An insight into the environmental effects of the pocket of the active site of the enzyme. Ab initio ONIOM-molecular dynamics (MD) study on cytosine deaminase.
|
We applied the ONIOM-molecular dynamics (MD) method to cytosine deaminase to examine the environmental effects of the amino acid residues in the pocket of the active site on the substrate taking account of their thermal motion. The ab initio ONIOM-MD simulations show that the substrate uracil is strongly perturbed by the amino acid residue Ile33, which sandwiches the uracil with His62, through the steric contact due to the thermal motion. As a result, the magnitude of the thermal oscillation of the potential energy and structure of the substrate uracil significantly increases.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cytosine Deaminase', 'Hydrogen', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Methylation', 'Models, Molecular', 'Movement', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Software', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Temperature', 'Uracil']
| 17,663,441
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.625'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D03.383.742.698.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vertically aligned GaAs nanowires on graphite and few-layer graphene: generic model and epitaxial growth.
|
By utilizing the reduced contact area of nanowires, we show that epitaxial growth of a broad range of semiconductors on graphene can in principle be achieved. A generic atomic model is presented which describes the epitaxial growth configurations applicable to all conventional semiconductor materials. The model is experimentally verified by demonstrating the growth of vertically aligned GaAs nanowires on graphite and few-layer graphene by the self-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid technique using molecular beam epitaxy. A two-temperature growth strategy was used to increase the nanowire density. Due to the self-catalyzed growth technique used, the nanowires were found to have a regular hexagonal cross-sectional shape, and are uniform in length and diameter. Electron microscopy studies reveal an epitaxial relationship of the grown nanowires with the underlying graphitic substrates. Two relative orientations of the nanowire side-facets were observed, which is well explained by the proposed atomic model. A prototype of a single GaAs nanowire photodetector demonstrates a high-quality material. With GaAs being a model system, as well as a very useful material for various optoelectronic applications, we anticipate this particular GaAs nanowire/graphene hybrid to be promising for flexible and low-cost solar cells.
|
['Arsenicals', 'Crystallization', 'Gallium', 'Graphite', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanotubes', 'Particle Size', 'Surface Properties']
| 22,889,019
|
[['D01.075', 'D02.129'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.268.556.289', 'D01.552.544.289'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation of the past history of chilblain in cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its similar diseases].
|
We sent out a questionnaire to 47 patients of SLE and its similar diseases as to their past histories of chilblain. The results of the patients were compared to those of 141 cases of control. Although the percentage of cases who had revealed chilblain frequently (40.0%) and the age of chilblain onset (mean: 10.8 years old) in SLE group were not significantly different from those of control (28.4% and 12.4 years old, respectively), the chilblain which SLE patients developed had some characteristics compared to that of control, (1) higher incidence of chilblain episodes, (2) longer duration until cure, (3) more liability that chilblain leads to erosion or ulceration and (4) frequent occurrence of chilblain in the other seasons than winter. Especially SLE patients with the characteristic of (4) had higher association rates of Raynaud's phenomena, chilblain LE and livedo, suggesting disorder of peripheral circulation. It was also revealed that females are generally more liable to develop chilblain than males (females: 40.0%, males: 13.1%). Those results suggest some important relationship between chilblain and LE lesions. It is supposed that chilblain with the characteristics described above may possibly be transformed into LE lesions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chilblains', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Medical History Taking', 'Middle Aged', 'Seasons', 'Sex Factors']
| 1,920,892
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C26.212.500.217', 'C26.417.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.475', 'C17.800.480'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['E01.370.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Changing pattern of hepatitis C virus spread in rural areas of Egypt.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To identify patterns of HCV spread in the Nile Delta of Egypt.METHODS: Residents in a Nile Delta village were invited to participate in a cohort study of HCV infection. Risk factors for past or current infection were identified at cohort intake using generalized estimated equations models. Attributable fractions were calculated for all independent risk factors.RESULTS: The prevalence of HCV antibodies increased from 2.7% in those <20 years of age to more than 40% in males aged 40-54 years. The peak in HCV prevalence in the 40-54 year age group corresponds to the aging of the cohort of children infected through schistosomiasis intravenous treatments in the 1960s-70s (accounting for 12.4% of all HCV infections observed today among adults). Following this initial founding event, the HCV epidemic has spread in the community through iatrogenic factors, and particularly injections (37.9% of the overall attributable fraction in adults). In children, however, no iatrogenic factors were associated with increased risk of infection, suggesting a change in the pattern of HCV spread.CONCLUSIONS: While HCV infections in adults could be attributed to iatrogenic factors, and particularly injections, infections in children could not be explained by similar routes of transmission.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Egypt', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 16,019,104
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.058.266.317'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Trends of spinal fusion surgery in Australia: 1997 to 2006.
|
BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the trend in spine fusion surgery in Australia over the past 10 years, and to explore the possible influence of health insurance status (private versus public) on the rate of surgery.METHODS: Data pertaining to the rate of lumbar spine fusion from 1997 to 2006 were collected from Inpatient Statistics Collection of NSW Health, Medicare Australia Statistics and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Data on total hip and total knee arthroplasties were collected to provide a comparator.RESULTS: The number of publicly performed spinal fusion procedures increased by 2% from 1997 to 2006. In comparison, privately performed spinal fusion procedures increased by 167% over the same 10-year period. In 2006, spine fusion surgery was 10.8 times more likely to be done in the private sector than in the public sector, compared with corresponding figures of 4.2 times and 3.0 times for knee replacement and hip replacement, respectively. Waiting list data showed no increase in demand for spine fusion surgery in the public sector.CONCLUSION: There is a disproportionately high rate of lumbar spine fusion surgery performed in the private sector, given the rate of private insurance. The rate of increase was found to be higher than that for hip or knee arthroplasty procedures. Possible explanations for this difference include: over-servicing in the private sector, under-servicing in the public sector, differences in medical referral patterns, surgeon and patient preferences and financial incentives.
|
['Australia', 'Humans', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Insurance, Health', 'National Health Programs', 'Private Sector', 'Spinal Fusion']
| 20,078,526
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['N03.349.550'], ['I01.791', 'N04.452.633.390'], ['E04.555.100.700']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Thermodynamics of micelle formation in water, hydrophobic processes and surfactant self-assemblies.
|
The critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) for four cationic surfactants, alkyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromides, was determined as a function of temperature by conductivity measurements. The values of the standard free energy of micellisation DeltaG degrees(mic) at different temperatures were calculated by using a pseudo-phase transition model. Then, from the diagram (-DeltaG degrees(mic)/T)=f(1/T), the thermodynamic functions DeltaH(app) and DeltaS(app) were calculated. From the plots DeltaH(app)=f(T) and DeltaS(app) = f(ln T) the slopes DeltaC(p) = n(w(H))C(p,w) and DeltaC(p)=n(w(S))C(p,w) were calculated, with the numbers n(w(H)) and n(w(S)) negative and equal and therefore defined simply as n(w). The number n(w)<0, indicating condensed water molecules, depends on the reduction of cavity that takes place as a consequence of the coalescence of the cavities previously surrounding the separate aliphatic or aromatic moieties. The analysis, based on a molecular model consisting of three forms of water, namely W(I), W(II), and W(III), respectively, was extended to several other types of surfactants for which c.m.c. data had been published by other authors. The results of this analysis form a coherent scheme consistent with the proposed molecular model. The enthalpy for all the types of surfactant is described by DeltaH(app)= -3.6 + 23.1xi(w)-xi(w)C(p,w)T and the entropy by DeltaS(app)= +10.2+428xi(w)-xi(w)C(p,w) ln T where xi(w)= |n(w)| represents the number of molecules W(III) involved in the reaction. The term Deltah(w)= +23.1 kJ mol(-1) xi(w)(-1) indicates an unfavourable endothermic contribution to enthalpy for reduction of the cavity whereas the term Deltas(w)= +428 J K(-1) mol(-1) xi(w)(-1) represents a positive entropy contribution for reduction of the cavity, what is the driving force of hydrophobic association. The processes of non polar gas dissolution in water and of micelle formation were found to be strictly related: they are, however, exactly the opposite of one another. In micelle formation no intermolecular electronic short bond is formed. We propose, therefore, to substitute the term "hydrophobic bond" with that of "hydrophobic association".
|
['Cations', 'Gases', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Micelles', 'Models, Molecular', 'Solubility', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water']
| 18,688,390
|
[['D01.248.497.300'], ['D01.362'], ['G02.409'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.805'], ['D27.720.877'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Topography of remyelinated chronic spinal cord lesions in herpes simplex virus type 2 infections of mice.
|
Six-week-old outbred mice were infected intracerebrally with a low dose of the MS strain of herpes simplex virus type 2. About 1% of neurologically abnormal survivors developed paralysis or severe leg weakness during the first three weeks of infection. Weakness persisted with little subsequent improvement. Five to 8 months later, 4 such mice were killed, and each spinal cord was examined in Epon sections in a series of transverse sections along their lengths. All cords had 2 or more major white matter lesions which were typically greatly elongated in the rostrocaudal dimension, as seen in multiple sequential sections. While a lesion's appearance frequently suggested some degree of tract association, its size, contour and position frequently varied from level to level in a manner which is not characteristic of tract degeneration. Further, axons were preserved in these lesions, and had been remyelinated. This was accomplished by a combination of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. The only evidence of Wallerian degeneration in these spinal cords was a modest reduction in the cross-sectional area of a white matter column associated with the most severe lesions. These pathological findings are consistent with previous ones in this model. Rostrocaudal elongation of spinal cord lesions may be seen in other animal models of virus-induced demyelination; this and other features reported here have been described in multiple sclerosis.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Hindlimb', 'Mice', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Spinal Cord']
| 6,655,486
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['A13.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.800.800'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Kinetics of formation of the primary compound (compound I) from hydrogen peroxide and turnip peroxidases.
|
A kinetic study of the reaction of two turnip peroxidases (P1 and P7) with hydrogen peroxide to form the primary oxidized compound (compound I) has been carried out over the pH range from 2.4 to 10.8. In the neutral and acidic pH regions, the rates depend linearly on hydrogen peroxide concentration whereas at alkaline pH values the rates display saturation kinetics. A compound is made with the cyanide binding reaction to peroxidases since the two reactions are influenced in the same manner by ionization of groups on the native enzymes. Two different ionization processes of peroxidase P1 with pKa values of 3.9 and 10 are required to explain the rate pH profile for the reaction with H2O2. Protonation of the former group and ionization of the latter causes a decrease in the rate of reaction of the enzyme with H2O2. In the case of peroxidase P7 a minimum model involves three ionizable groups with pKa values of 2.5, 4 and 9. Protonation of the former two groups and ionization of the latter lowers the reaction rate. In the pH-independent region, the rate of formation of compound I was measured as a function of temperature. From the Arhenius plots the activation energy for the reaction was calculated to be 2.9 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol for P1 and 5.4 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol for P7. However, the rates are independent of viscosity in glycerol-water mixtures up to 30% glycerol.
|
['Glycerol', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Peroxidases', 'Plants']
| 28,821
|
[['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['B01.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of anti-MuLV cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the AKR.H-2b and AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mouse strains.
|
Following secondary in vitro sensitization with AKR/Gross virus-induced tumors, AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice develop cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for AKR/Gross viral antigens. It has recently been determined that the responder status of AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b to AKR/Gross virus declines with age. The nonresponsiveness observed in AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b is similar to that observed in AKR.H-2b mice which (regardless of age) does not develop anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL. It was of interest to determine the ability of these congenic mouse strains to respond to other murine leukemia viruses (MuLV). This was accomplished by immunizing AKR.H-2b and young or moderately aged AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b with Friend-Moloney-Rauscher (FMR) virus-induced tumors, and assessing the ability of anti-FMR CTL to develop following secondary in vitro stimulation. It was observed that both AKR.H-2b and AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b developed specific anti-FMR virus CTL. Similarly, following tumor challenge AKR.H-2b mice were unable to prevent the outgrowth of a syngeneic AKR/Gross virus-induced tumor, but were able to reject a syngeneic FMR virus-induced tumor.
|
['AKR murine leukemia virus', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Friend murine leukemia virus', 'Genes, MHC Class II', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Leukemia Virus, Murine', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred AKR', 'Moloney murine leukemia virus', 'Rauscher Virus', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic']
| 2,834,071
|
[['B04.613.807.375.525.050', 'B04.820.650.375.525.050'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.327'], ['G12.287'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.225', 'B04.820.650.375.525.225'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.610.600', 'G05.360.340.024.380.500.600', 'G12.500.500.600'], ['G12.535.425'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['B04.613.807.375.525', 'B04.820.650.375.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.318', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.318'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.596', 'B04.820.650.375.525.596'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.770', 'B04.820.650.375.525.770'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Risk and circumstances in which people are bitten by dogs in Cracow-- observations from the Consulting Clinic of Infectious Diseases].
|
Inquiries about incidence of bites people by dogs have been made in the Consulting Ward for prophylactics of rabies of Chair and Department of Infectious Diseases in Cracow. There are frequent cases of people bitten by dogs, which usually occur in the streets. Victims are usually young. In the most cases there are not connection between victim's behavior and incidence. Dogs however bite without an understandable reasons frequently when they are controlled by their owners. The owners of the dogs often are not aware of their responsibility to prevent their dogs from biting passers-by.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Behavior', 'Bites and Stings', 'Child', 'Dogs', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Poland', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Responsibility']
| 8,754,322
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145'], ['C25.723.127', 'C26.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Long-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Clinical Stage II/III Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study in Japan (LOC-A Study).
|
OBJECTIVE: A large-scale multicenter historical cohort study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in comparison to open gastrectomy (OG) for locally advanced gastric cancer.BACKGROUND: LG is now practiced widely, but its applicability for advanced gastric cancer is still controversial. As oncologic outcomes of randomized trials are still pending, there is an urgent need for information that would be relevant to current practice.METHODS: Through a consensus meeting involving surgeons and biostatisticians, 30 preoperative variables possibly influencing the choice of surgical approach and associated with outcome were identified to enable rigorous estimation of propensity scores. A total of 1948 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for clinical stage II/III gastric adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2014 were identified, and their clinical data were collected from 8 participating hospitals. After propensity score matching, 610 cases (OG = 305, LG = 305) were finally selected for comparison of long-term outcomes.RESULTS: In the propensity-matched OG and LG populations, the mean observation period was 3.5 and 3.4 years, and the 5-year overall survival was 53.0% and 54.2%, respectively. The hazard ratio (LG/OG) for overall survival was 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.29), and noninferiority of LG was demonstrated statistically as the upper 95% confidence limit was less than the prespecified margin (1.33). The recurrence rate was 30.8% and 29.8% for OG and LG, respectively, and the hazard ratio for recurrence was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.31). The patterns of recurrence in the 2 groups were similar.CONCLUSIONS: This observational study strictly adjusted for confounding factors has provided evidence to suggest that LG is oncologically comparable to OG for locally advanced gastric cancer. The validity of this result will be examined in ongoing randomized trials.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,697,447
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cerebral gumma.
|
A patient presented with symptoms from a tumour in the frontal region. Syphilis had been treated 15 years earlier but the serological tests were inconclusive on this admission. The CT-scan showed oedema surrounding a contrast enhancing tumour. Angiography showed displaced but otherwise normal vessels. Histologically the lesion proved to be a gumma.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurosyphilis', 'Radiography']
| 3,268,149
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.223.600', 'C01.150.252.400.794.840.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500.750', 'C01.207.180.600', 'C10.228.228.180.600'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Favorable Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Japanese Patients?- First Report From the Post-Approval K-TAVI Registry.
|
BACKGROUND: Very limited data exist on the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) since Japanese marketing approval of the first TAVI device.Methods and Results:The Kyoto University-related hospital Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (K-TAVI) registry includes prospectively collected data from 6 participating hospitals in Japan. We included 302 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI using the SAPIEN XT balloon-expandable valve via transfemoral (TF; n=203, 67%) or transapical (TA; n=99, 33%) approach between October 2013 and September 2015. Device success rate, based on the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria, was very high in the TF (97.0%) and TA (99.0%) groups. The 30-day mortality rates were 1.5% and 1.0% in the TF and TA groups, respectively. Major complications included stroke (transient or persistent: 2.3%), annulus rupture (1.0%), coronary intervention (1.0%), major vascular complications (1.7%), and permanent pacemaker implantation (5.4%). The procedure times of the post-proctoring period (n=210) were decreased compared with those of the proctoring period (n=89) without affecting the clinical outcomes. The survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 96.9% and 92.5% in the TF group, and 93.9% and 91.8% in the TA group, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The K-TAVI registry data revealed that the early outcomes of TAVI using the SAPIEN XT were favorable in real-world Japanese patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Survival Rate', 'Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement']
| 27,916,776
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E04.100.376.485.500', 'E04.650.410.500', 'E04.928.220.410.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A study on the immunological basis of the dissociation between type I-hypersensitivity skin reactions to Blomia tropicalis antigens and serum anti-B. tropicalis IgE antibodies.
|
BACKGROUND: Two conditions are used as markers of atopy: the presence of circulating anti-allergen IgE antibodies and the presence of positive skin prick test (SPT) reactions to allergenic extracts. The correlation between these conditions is not absolute. This study aimed at investigating immunological parameters that may mediate this lack of correlation. Individuals whose sera contained anti-B. tropicalis extract IgE antibodies (á-BtE IgE) were divided into two groups, according to the presence or absence of skin reactivity to B. tropicalis extract (BtE). The following parameters were investigated: total IgE levels; á-BtE IgE levels; an arbitrary á-BtE IgE/total IgE ratio; the proportion of carbohydrate-reactive á-BtE IgE; the proportion of á-BtE IgE that reacted with Ascaris lumbricoides extract (AlE); the production of IL-10 by BtE- and AlE-stimulated peripheral blood cells (PBMC).RESULTS: Total IgE levels were similar in the two groups, but á-BtE IgE was significantly higher in the SPT-positive group (SPT+). A large overlap of á-BtE IgE levels was found in individuals of both groups, indicating that these levels alone cannot account for the differences in SPT outcome. Individuals of the two groups did not differ, statistically, in the proportion of á-BtE IgE that reacted with carbohydrate and in the production of IL-10 by BtE- and AlE-stimulated PBMC. Both groups had part of á-BtE IgE activity absorbed out by AlE, indicating the existence of cross-reactive IgE antibodies. However, the á-BtE IgE from the SPT-negative individuals (SPT-) was more absorbed with AlE than the á-BtE IgE from the SPT+ individuals. This finding may be ascribed to avidity differences of the á-BtE IgE that is present in the two groups of individuals, and could occur if at least part of the á-BtE IgE from the SPT- individuals were elicited by A. lumbricoides infection.CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that a low ratio of specific IgE to total IgE levels (in a minority of individuals), and differences in á-BtE IgE avidities (which would have high affinities for A. lumbricoides antigens in SPT- than in SPT+ individuals) may play a role in the down-modulation of type-I hypersensitivity reaction against aeroallergens described in helminth-infected individuals.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens', 'Ascaris lumbricoides', 'Blood Cells', 'Carbohydrates', 'Cross Reactions', 'Epitopes', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Interleukin-10', 'Mites', 'Skin', 'Skin Tests']
| 21,631,925
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.108.425'], ['A11.118', 'A15.145.229'], ['D09'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.480'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maytenin Plays a Special Role in the Regulation of the Endophytic Bacillus megaterium in Peritassa campestris Adventitious Roots.
|
Peritassa campestris (Celastraceae) root bark accumulates potent antitumor quinonemethide triterpenes (QMTs). When grown in their natural habitat, plants of the family Celastraceae produce different QMTs such as celastrol (3) and pristimerin (4). However, when they are inserted in in vitro culture systems, they accumulate maytenin (1) as the main compound. Recently, Bacillus megaterium was detected as an endophytic microorganism (EM) living inside P. campestris roots cultured in vitro. We hypothesized that compound (1) controls EM growth more efficiently, and that the presence of EMs in the root culture causes compound (1) to accumulate. For the first time, this work has explored plant-microorganism interaction in a species of the family Celastraceae by co-culture with an EM. Live endophytic bacteria were used, and QMT accumulation in P. campestris adventitious roots was our main focus. The antimicrobial activity of the main QMTs against endophytic B. megaterium was also evaluated. Our results showed that compound (1) and maytenol (5) were more effective than their precursors QMTs (3) and (4) in controlling the EM. Co-culture of B. megaterium with roots significantly reduced bacterial growth whereas root development remained unaffected. Compound (1) production was 24 times higher after 48 hr in the presence of the highest B. megaterium concentration as compared to the control. Therefore, P. campestris adventitious roots affect the development of the endophyte B. megaterium through production of QMTs, which in turn can modulate production of compound (1).
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bacillus megaterium', 'Celastraceae', 'Endophytes', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Roots', 'Time Factors', 'Triterpenes']
| 31,422,514
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.500', 'B03.353.500.100.218.500', 'B03.510.100.100.218.500', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.500', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.500.750'], ['B05.237'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peptide-biphenyl hybrids as calpain inhibitors.
|
Calpain is a cysteine protease that is activated by Ca2+. The over-activation of calpain, which occurs on increasing Ca2+ concentration, causes a variety of diseases. This paper reports experimental results on the inhibition of calpain I (mu-calpain) by peptide-biphenyl hybrids. We have found that some peptide-biphenyl hybrids, with aromatic amino acids in the peptide chains, inhibit calpain with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Since the peptide-biphenyl hybrids reported in the present paper do not possess a reactive electrophilic functionality, we hypothesize that they interfere with the activation of calpain by Ca2+, and present experimental and computational results on the binding of peptide-biphenyl hybrids to Ca2+.
|
['Biphenyl Compounds', 'Glycoproteins', 'Peptides']
| 17,191,858
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alpha-linolenic acid enhances the phagocytic and secretory functions of alternatively activated macrophages in part via changes to the oxylipin profile.
|
Alternatively activated macrophages are innate immune cells that contribute to resolution of inflammation and maintenance of homeostasis. Modulation of available fatty acid sources is thought to affect cellular physiology through a variety of mechanisms, including through alterations to the profile of oxygenated free fatty acid metabolites, called oxylipins, produced in a cell type specific manner. Here, we investigated how treatment with the plant-sourced omega-3 fatty acid á-linolenic acid (ALA) affects the oxylipin profile and functional capacity of a cell culture model of human alternatively activated (M2a-like) macrophages. In a targeted but unbiased screen, ALA enhanced the production of oxylipins from all polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) precursors, with oxylipins derived from ALA being enhanced the most. Consistently, ALA treatment enhanced the expression of both cytoplasmic and calcium-independent phospholipase A2. At a functional level, ALA treatment increased phagocytic activity and altered production of the chemokine MCP-1 by M2a-like cells in a manner dependent on the time of treatment. ALA treatment during polarization increased MCP-1 secretion, which was sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of 15-LOX-1 by ML351. Thus, ALA modulates the phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages, likely through its own LOX-derived oxylipins and/or through general modulation of oxylipin biosynthesis. These effects likely contribute to the overall anti-inflammatory benefit observed with ALA supplementation.
|
['Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Oxylipins', 'Phagocytosis', 'Phospholipases A2', 'THP-1 Cells', 'alpha-Linolenic Acid']
| 31,811,954
|
[['D08.811.682.690.416.583.500.065', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.500.030'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D10.251.355.645'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['A11.251.210.190.815', 'A11.251.860.180.815'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.100', 'D10.251.355.310.640.400', 'D10.251.355.337.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biomechanical stimulation of osteoblast gene expression requires phosphorylation of the RUNX2 transcription factor.
|
Bone can adapt its structure in response to mechanical stimuli. At the cellular level, this involves changes in chromatin organization, gene expression, and differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report on the involvement of RUNX2, a bone-related transcription factor, in this process. Fluid flow shear stress loading of preosteoblasts stimulated translocation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to the nucleus where it phosphorylated RUNX2 on the chromatin of target genes, and increased histone acetylation and gene expression. MAPK signaling and two RUNX2 phosphoacceptor sites, S301 and S319, were critical for this response. Similarly, in vivo loading of mouse ulnae dramatically increased ERK and RUNX2 phosphorylation as well as expression of osteoblast-related genes. These findings establish ERK/MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of RUNX2 as a critical step in the response of preosteoblasts to dynamic loading and define a novel mechanism to explain how mechanical signals induce gene expression in bone.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chromatin', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Histones', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Models, Biological', 'Osteoblasts', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Rheology', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 22,337,141
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Faculty preparation: is clinical specialization a benefit or a deterrent to quality nursing education?
|
This article presents a point of view regarding the impact of specialty preparation at the master's level on performance as a faculty member in an entry-level program. Essentially, the focus in depth on a particular branch of nursing practice restricts the perception of the individual to the role and demands of the beginning generalist nurse. Continued attention to the development of expertise in the specialty reduces the effectiveness of the faculty member to develop a comprehensive view of the knowledge required by the beginning generalist nurse. Because faculty prepared in this manner also frequently lack formal knowledge regarding teaching and curriculum, they continue to teach in the same manner as they were taught, often with an eye toward teaching the extensive content taught in the specialty program. More broadly based master's degree programs that couple advanced nursing knowledge with nursing education content and skill can foster in new nurse faculty a more comprehensive picture of the learning needs of beginning generalist nurses.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'Faculty, Nursing', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing Education Research', 'Specialties, Nursing', 'Teaching']
| 14,870,906
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['M01.526.485.390', 'M01.526.702.250.473', 'N02.360.390'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['H02.478.676'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of a free-base meso-trithienylcorrole.
|
The unique optical properties of free-base meso-tris(5-methylthien-2-yl)corrole were compared to those of the widely investigated meso-triphenyl-substituted analogue. A combination of spectroscopic and computational experiments was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between structural features of the neutral, mono-anionic and mono-cationic forms of the corroles and their corresponding optical properties. A general bathochromic shift was measured for the thienyl-substituted corrole. The experimental spectra are supported by excited state calculations. A systematic series of ground state minimizations were performed to determine energy minima for the flexible and solvent-sensitive molecules. Trithienylcorrole was found to have a more nonplanar macrocycle in conjunction with a high degree of ð-overlap with the meso-substituents. Both structural features contribute to their bathochromically shifted optical spectra. The configurational character of the thienyl-substituted corrole is shown to have a larger degree of molecular orbital mixing and doubly excited character, which suggest a more complex electronic structure that does not fully adhere to the Gouterman four-orbital model. The reactivity of the thienyl groups, particularly with respect to their ability to be (electro)-polymerized, combined with the tight coupling of the meso-thienyl groups with the corrole chromophore elucidated in this work, recommends the meso-thienylcorroles as building blocks in, for instance, organic semiconductor devices.
|
['Porphyrins', 'Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 24,303,811
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['E05.196.867.519.775'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antitumor effects of interleukin-18 gene-modified hepatocyte cell line on implanted liver carcinoma.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antitumor effects of intrasplenically transplanted interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene-modified hepatocytes on murine implanted liver carcinoma.METHODS: Embryonic murine hepatocyte cell line (BNL-CL2) was transfected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding IL-18 and used as delivery cells for IL-18 gene transfer. Two cell lines, BNL-LacZ and BNL-CL2, were used as controls. One week after intrasplenic injection of C26 cells (colon carcinoma line), tumor-bearing syngeneic mice underwent the intrasplenic transplantation of IL-18 gene-modified hepatocyte cell line and were divided into treatment group (BNL IL-18) and control groups (BNL-LacZ and BNL-CL2). Two weeks later, the serum levels of IL-18, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) in the implanted liver carcinoma-bearing mice were assayed, the cytotoxicity of murine splenic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) was measured, and the morphology of the hepatic tumors was studied to evaluate the antitumor effects of the approach.RESULTS: In the treatment group, the serum levels of IL-18, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and NO increased significantly. The splenic CTL activity increased markedly (P < 0.01), accompanied by a substantial decrease in tumor volume and the percentage of tumor area and prolonged survival of liver carcinomo-being mice.CONCLUSIONS: In vivo IL-18 expression by ex vivo manipulated cells with IL-18 recombinant adenovirus is able to exert potent antitumor effects by inducing a predominantly T-cell-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response. Intrasplenic transplantation of adenovirus-mediated IL-18 gene-modified hepatocytes could be used as a targeting treatment for implanted liver carcinoma.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Hepatocytes', 'Interleukin-18', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Transfection']
| 14,570,604
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.436.348'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.518', 'D12.776.467.374.465.518', 'D23.529.374.465.518'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E05.624'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tumor cell-matrix interaction: pericellular matrix degradation and metastasis.
|
In order to determine key MMPs for invasion and metastasis in various human cancers, we examined the expression of ten MMPs (MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 13 and MT1, 2, 3-MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and 2) in breast carcinomas, thyroid papillary carcinomas, endometrial carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, gastric adenocarcinomas, oral squamous cell carcinomas and gliomas. Of the MMPs examined, the activation of proMMP-2 by MT1-MMP (membrane type 1-MMP) was commonly important for the invasion and metastasis of these cancers except for endometrial carcinomas. The MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were localized to the carcinoma cells and gelatinolytic activity was demonstrated within the carcinoma cell nests by in situ zymography. In endometrial carcinomas, production and activation of proMMP-7 were a key determinant of the lymph node metastasis. The activation of proMMP-2 in gliomas involved MT2-MMP as well as MT1-MMP, and a combination of decreased TIMP-2 production and enhanced MT1-MMP expression was important in the subarachnoidal dissemination of glioblastoma cells. Brevican, a major adult brain proteoglycan, was degraded with MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) by being cleaved at the MMP site (the Ala360-Phe361 bond) with the MMPs and ADAM site (the Glu395-Ser396 bond) with ADAMTS4. Since activated MMP-2 and ADAMTS4 are present in human glioma tissues, they may play a key role in the invasion of glioma cells through the brevican degradation. The data in the present study suggest that the extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases acting probably on the cell membranes of cancer cells are essential to the invasion and metastasis of human cancers.
|
['Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasms', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,217,446
|
[['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.645.875.450'], ['D12.776.645.875.500'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical and morphological features of gold neuropathy.
|
Three cases of gold-related neuropathy are reported. Clinical features include an acute, symmetrically progressive polyneuropathy, focal or generalized myokymia and a tendency for initial neurological deterioration followed by improvement, after cessation of chrysotherapy. The degree of clinical recovery related to maximal disability. Morphological findings on sural nerve biopsies revealed both axonal degeneration and segmental remyelination. Similar peripheral nerve histology was seen in a parallel animal study in which the severity of the neuropathy was dose-related.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Chickens', 'Female', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Sural Nerve']
| 6,251,941
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800'], ['C10.668.829'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence and mortality of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock in intensive care unit patients with candidemia.
|
In this incidence study, of 16 074 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from 1/1/2003 to 7/31/2011, 161 cases of candidemia were identified. The incidence of sepsis (27%), severe sepsis (31%), and septic shock (40%) was remarkably high in these cases of candidemia, as was the all-cause in-hospital mortality for sepsis (30%), severe sepsis (44%), and septic shock (65%).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Candida', 'Candidemia', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'Shock, Septic', 'Time Factors', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 25,811,137
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['C01.150.703.160.175.500', 'C01.150.703.492.500.500', 'C01.757.360.150', 'C23.550.470.790.500.360.150'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The Ded1 DEAD box helicase interacts with Chk1 and Cdc2.
|
Ded1 is a fission yeast DEAD box protein involved in translation. We isolated Ded1 in a screen for multi-copy suppressors of a cold-sensitive, loss-of-function mutant of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2. The checkpoint protein kinase Chk1, required for cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage, was also isolated in this screen. Ded1 interacts with Chk1 in a two-hybrid screen, and this physical interaction can be recapitulated in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The Ded1 polypeptide is modified in response to heat shock and depletion of carbon source. These two stressors appear to cause different modifications. Thus, the Ded1 protein appears to respond to particular types of cellular stress and may influence the activity of Cdc2 as a result.
|
['CDC2 Protein Kinase', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Checkpoint Kinase 1', 'DEAD-box RNA Helicases', 'DNA Damage', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Hot Temperature', 'Immunoblotting', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Protein Kinases', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA Helicases', 'Schizosaccharomyces', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques', 'Up-Regulation']
| 11,711,540
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.250', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.249', 'D12.644.360.250.580.500', 'D12.776.167.200.067.249', 'D12.776.167.200.580.500', 'D12.776.476.250.067.249', 'D12.776.476.250.580.500', 'D12.776.744.360'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.143'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249'], ['G05.200'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720'], ['B01.300.107.797', 'B01.300.930.720'], ['D12.776.354.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Phosphatase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis].
|
As a result of the study of a number of additional characteristics, more than a half of the cultures, formerly identified as phosphatase-negative S. epidermidis according to the scheme of the International Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Staphylococci and Micrococci, have been shown to be more similar to S. Hominis and S. captis on account of their properties. The study of correlation between the main differentiating characteristics of S. epidermidis has shown that it is poorly pronounced. For this reason the decision to classify a phosphatase-negative culture with S. epidermidis should be based on the study of additional characteristics which differentiate this species not only from S. saprophyticus, but also from other phosphatase-negative staphylococci.
|
['Coagulase', 'Genetic Variation', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Species Specificity', 'Staphylococcus']
| 6,270,934
|
[['D08.811.277.656.300.174', 'D12.776.097.181'], ['G05.365'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['G16.824'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wilms' tumor in an adult with multiple osteoblastic metastases.
|
A rare case of Wilms' tumor in an adult with initial symptoms of unilateral exophthalmos and multiple osteoblastic metastases is reported.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Orbital Neoplasms', 'Wilms Tumor']
| 6,324,401
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['C04.588.149.721.656', 'C04.588.364.659', 'C05.116.231.754.659', 'C11.319.457', 'C11.675.659'], ['C04.557.435.595', 'C04.588.945.947.535.585', 'C04.700.900', 'C12.758.820.750.585', 'C12.777.419.473.585', 'C13.351.937.820.535.585', 'C13.351.968.419.473.585', 'C16.320.700.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A formula for the displacement of an arch wire when subjected to a second-order couple.
|
A new formula, expressing the local angular displacement of an orthodontic beam when subjected to a second-order couple applied at midspan, has been developed and analyzed. The computed displacements were compared with the results of ex vivo testing. There was good agreement between the results from the theoretical evaluation and the bench testing. Second-order activation of an orthodontic beam can be described in four sequential phases. The initial displacement is influenced by the second-order clearance between bracket-slot and wire as well as the relationship between the bracket-slot width and interbracket distance. During phase II there is a nonlinear relationship between applied couple and rotational displacement. Within phases three and four displacement is linearly related to the interbracket distance, provided the relationship between the bracket-slot width and interbracket distance remains constant. For a given tooth size, the second-order beam stiffness is exponentially related to bracket width. The experiments also show that even small deflections of thin stainless steel wires can lead to second-order couples of large magnitudes when using a clinically relevant interbracket distance. Consequently, it is important that the orthodontist evaluates his or her choice of bracket width and arch wire stiffness in each clinical case in order to avoid supra-physiologic force levels.
|
['Algorithms', 'Elasticity', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Orthodontic Brackets', 'Orthodontic Wires', 'Pliability', 'Rotation', 'Stainless Steel', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties']
| 9,637,566
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['E06.658.453.255.500'], ['E06.658.453.684'], ['G01.374.705'], ['G01.482.703'], ['D01.490.800.900', 'D01.552.033.847.681', 'D25.058.807.681', 'J01.637.051.058.807.681'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Section thickness and mitotic counts in ovarian mucinous carcinoma. Methodological study with scanning confocal microscopy.
|
To study the effect of section thickness on mitotic counts, paraffin sections of 28 cases of mucinous ovarian carcinomas were analyzed. Mitotic counts, estimated with the number of mitoses per mm2 of neoplastic epithelium (M/Vv index) and per mm3 from optical sections and through the whole section thickness were done. Section thickness was measured with scanning confocal microscopy from each specimen of 3 series of sections with different nominal thicknesses (5, 8, and 10 microns). Section thickness varied considerably within each series of sections. The sections of the 5-microns group tended to be thicker and the sections of the 10-microns group thinner than expected on the basis of their nominal values. As expected, mitotic counts through the section gave higher M/Vv index values than counts done using optical sections. M/Vv values obtained using optical sections increased with increasing nominal section thickness. The study suggests that, when the section thickness cannot be measured, it is advisable to do mitosis counting by using optical sections in lightly stained tissue sections in the thickness range of 8-15 microns.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Female', 'Histological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mitotic Index', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Paraffin Embedding']
| 8,798,286
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.075', 'C04.557.470.590.075'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440.610', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440.610', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440.610', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440.610']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibitory Effect of Spice Powders on the Development of Heated and Irradiated Bacillus subtilis Spores as Evaluated by Calorimetry.
|
Inhibitory effects of the powders of paprika, red pepper, black pepper, sage, oregano and thyme in a solid medium after heat treatment and gamma-irradiation on the development from spore of Bacillus subtilis were examined using calorimetry. Based on the f(t) curve (Antoce et al., 1996) from the thermogram obtained, two parameters, the growth rate constant and the growth retardation time, were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effects of paprika and red pepper powders were enhanced by the spore pretreatment with heat, but not significantly with irradiation. The inhibitory enhancement by preheating depended upon the kind of spices used. Sage, oregano and thyme powders per se inhibited the development from spores completely even at a low concentration of 0.04 g/ml. Inhibitory effects of paprika and red pepper powders were obviously observed with heat treatment but not with irradiation. With black pepper powder, by contrast, substantial enhancement was neither observed with heat treatment nor gamma-irradiation. The results suggested that the addition of those spice powders might be useful in the thermal inactivation process of solid foods contaminated with Bacillus subtilis spores.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Calorimetry', 'Capsicum', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gamma Rays', 'Hot Temperature', 'Microbial Viability', 'Origanum', 'Piper nigrum', 'Plant Preparations', 'Powders', 'Salvia officinalis', 'Spices', 'Spores, Bacterial', 'Thymus Plant']
| 30,249,961
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['E05.196.131'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.145'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G06.580'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.702'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.812.666.500'], ['D20.215.784'], ['D26.255.779'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.922.770'], ['G07.203.300.250.725', 'J02.500.250.725'], ['A11.870.700', 'B05.775.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.974']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Study of triacylglycerol polymorphs by nuclear magnetic resonance: effects of temperature and chain length on relaxation parameters.
|
It is very important to monitor the characteristics of triacylglycerol crystal network in fats, as these crystals have an impact on many food properties such as texture, sensory taste, and extended shelf life. Although time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) is now the reference technique to determine the solid fat index in food, the entire possibilities of this technique are not used. Some NMR studies have been performed to determine its power for the discrimination of polymorphism. In this study, extended investigations proved that TD-NMR could evaluate triacylglycerol (TA) polymorphism, independently from temperature and chain length. Study of the dipolar interactions through second moment M(2), which is characteristic of proton mobility in solid-state samples, provided a new understanding of the structural organization of crystal molecules. Proton spin-lattice relaxation, which has been proved to be a true probe of polymorphism, has provided information on crystal networks. Combination of the two techniques revealed two very interesting kinds of results, i.e. the presence of a minimum spin-lattice relaxation time T(1) for tristearin alpha, which is a characteristic of a dynamic molecular process, and differences in behavior between long and short chain lengths, both at a molecular and a crystal level.
|
['Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phase Transition', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spin Labels', 'Temperature', 'Triglycerides']
| 18,357,571
|
[['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.494'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D02.389.678'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pulmonary hemodynamics in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Results in 220 consecutive patients.
|
We have investigated pulmonary hemodynamics in a large series of consecutive, unselected patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of pulmonary artery hypertension (PH) in OSAS and to analyze, as far as possible, its mechanisms. Two hundred twenty patients were included on the basis of a polysomnographic diagnosis of OSAS (apnea+hypopnea index > 20). PH, defined by a resting mean pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAP) of at least 20 mm Hg, was observed in 37 of 220 patients (17%). Patients with PH differed from the others with regard to pulmonary volumes (vital capacity [VC], FEV1) and the FEV1/VC ratio that were significantly lower (p < 0.001); PaO2 (64.4 +/- 9.3 vs 74.7 +/- 10.1 mm Hg; p < 0.001); PaCO2 (43.8 +/- 5.4 vs 37.6 +/- 3.9 mm Hg; p < 0.001), apnea+hypopnea index (100 +/- 33 vs 74 +/- 32; p < 0.001), and mean nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (88 +/- 6% vs 94 +/- 2%; p < 0.001). Patients with PH were also more overweight (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that 50% of the variance of PAP could be predicted by an equation including PaCO2 (accounting for 32% of the variance), FEV1 (12%), airway resistance (4%), and mean nocturnal SaO2 (2%). In conclusion, PH is observed, in agreement with previous studies, in less than 20% of OSAS patients. PH is strongly linked to the presence of an obstructive (rather than restrictive) ventilatory pattern, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia, and is generally accounted for by an associated obstructive airways disease. In this regard, the severity of OSAS plays only a minor role.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes']
| 8,620,709
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spectroscopic determination of aboveground biomass in grasslands using spectral transformations, Support Vector Machine and Partial Least Squares Regression.
|
Aboveground biomass (AGB) is one of the strategic biophysical variables of interest in vegetation studies. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for estimating the AGB of grasslands from field spectrometer data and to find out which data pre-processing approach was the most suitable. The most accurate model to predict the total AGB involved PLSR and the Maximum Band Depth index derived from the continuum removed reflectance in the absorption features between 916-1,120 nm and 1,079-1,297 nm (R2 = 0.939, RMSE = 7.120 g/m2). Regarding the green fraction of the AGB, the Area Over the Minimum index derived from the continuum removed spectra provided the most accurate model overall (R2 = 0.939, RMSE = 3.172 g/m2). Identifying the appropriate absorption features was proved to be crucial to improve the performance of PLSR to estimate the total and green aboveground biomass, by using the indices derived from those spectral regions. Ordinary Least Square Regression could be used as a surrogate for the PLSR approach with the Area Over the Minimum index as the independent variable, although the resulting model would not be as accurate.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biomass', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Poaceae', 'Regression Analysis', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Support Vector Machine']
| 23,925,082
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.196.867'], ['G17.035.250.500.500.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.500.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Targeting of the BclA and BclB proteins to the Bacillus anthracis spore surface.
|
The exosporium is the outermost layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore. The predominant protein on the exosporium surface is BclA, a collagen-like glycoprotein. BclA is incorporated on the spore surface late in the B. anthracis sporulation pathway. A second collagen-like protein, BclB, has been shown to be surface-exposed on B. anthracis spores. We have identified sequences near the N-terminus of the BclA and BclB glycoproteins responsible for the incorporation of these proteins into the exosporium layer of the spore and used these targeting domains to incorporate reporter fluorescent proteins onto the spore surface. The BclA and BclB proteins are expressed in the mother cell cytoplasm and become spore-associated in a two-step process involving first association of the protein with the spore surface followed by attachment of the protein in a process that involves a proteolytic cleavage event. Protein domains associated with each of these events have been identified. This novel targeting system can be exploited to incorporate foreign proteins into the exosporium of inactivated, spores resulting in the surface display of recombinant immunogens for use as a potential vaccine delivery system.
|
['Bacillus anthracis', 'Cytoplasm', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Protein Sorting Signals', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Transport', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Spores, Bacterial']
| 18,761,690
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.151', 'B03.353.500.100.218.151', 'B03.510.100.100.218.151', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.151', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.151'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.644.770', 'G02.111.570.060.670'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.870.700', 'B05.775.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neural responses to food stimuli among individuals with eating and weight disorders: a systematic review of event-related potentials.
|
A systematic review was conducted to investigate event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to food and non-food stimuli among individuals with eating and weight disorders. Limiting the search to studies that have analysed ERPs relating to motivated attention and inhibitory control, 19 research papers were extracted from a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science (2000-2018). An enhanced attentional bias towards food over non-food images (as indexed by P3(00) and LPP amplitudes) was evident for all populations. Individuals with binge eating disorder showed an enhanced attentional response to food cues compared to healthy controls. Inhibitory control-related ERP components (N2(00) and P3a) increased during food-specific no-go trials, but did not differentiate overweight from 'healthy' weight groups. The N2 amplitude to food pictures were positively correlated with caloric intake and food craving among individuals with obesity and binge eating disorder, respectively, while P3(00) was sensitive to hunger levels among overweight and obese females. The heterogeneity of stimuli/paradigms adopted, component timescales extracted, ERPs analysed, and data presented has challenged this review's ability to produce a robust synthesis of results. Some recommendations for future research are discussed.
|
['Attentional Bias', 'Craving', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Feeding and Eating Disorders', 'Food', 'Humans', 'Hunger', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Overweight']
| 31,246,114
|
[['F02.830.104.214.500'], ['F01.658.293.195'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F03.400'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.293.391', 'G07.203.650.390', 'G10.261.390'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Familial preductal aortic coarctation. Report on a sibling observation].
|
The cases of two siblings, who died of preductal coarctation of the aorta, are reported. The rare familiar congenital cardiopathies are of special importance for the etiological questions and for judgement of the prognosis of inheritance.
|
['Aortic Coarctation', 'Autopsy', 'Ductus Arteriosus', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male']
| 1,258,512
|
[['C14.240.400.090', 'C14.280.400.090', 'C16.131.240.400.090'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['A07.541.278.395', 'A16.378.303.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inline fluid dynamics in piggyback and manifold drug delivery systems.
|
Inline mixing characteristics of primary and secondary i.v. solutions were evaluated for the piggyback and manifold systems. Dextrose (5%) and sodium chloride (0.9%) were used as markers for the primary and secondary solutions, respectively. With a 120-mL/hr flow rate, samples (up to 180) were collected over 36 minutes to quantify the change in concentration of each marker when the primary solution was changed to the secondary solution (phase 1) and when the secondary solution was changed to the primary solution (phase 2). The relative concentration data for each marker were fitted to a Weibull mathematical model to describe the disappearance and appearance of the two solutions over time. These data were then used to calculate the volume of secondary solution that was mixed with the primary solution in phases 1 and 2. With the piggyback system, the total mixing volume was 13.5 mL, with 11.1 mL contributed by the secondary solution (phase 1). In phase 2, the total mixing volume decreased to 6.6 mL, with 2.0 mL contributed by the secondary solution. The mixing volumes for the manifold system were markedly reduced; 5.8 mL of the secondary solution became mixed with 1.9 mL of the primary solution. The total mixing volume during phase 1 was reduced from 13.5 to 5.6 mL. The mixing volumes for the primary, secondary, and total solutions in phase 2 were comparable to those with the piggyback system. The use of manual clamps or automated line closures as part of a manifold system can substantially reduce the mixing of solutions inline, compared with a piggyback system.
|
['Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Glucose', 'Infusion Pumps', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Solutions', 'Time Factors']
| 2,712,034
|
[['E02.319.310'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E07.505', 'E07.858.082.505'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E05.599'], ['D26'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Meta-analysis of multiple outcomes: a multilevel approach.
|
In meta-analysis, dependent effect sizes are very common. An example is where in one or more studies the effect of an intervention is evaluated on multiple outcome variables for the same sample of participants. In this paper, we evaluate a three-level meta-analytic model to account for this kind of dependence, extending the simulation results of Van den Noortgate, L?pez-L?pez, Mar?n-Mart?nez, and S?nchez-Meca Behavior Research Methods, 45, 576-594 (2013) by allowing for a variation in the number of effect sizes per study, in the between-study variance, in the correlations between pairs of outcomes, and in the sample size of the studies. At the same time, we explore the performance of the approach if the outcomes used in a study can be regarded as a random sample from a population of outcomes. We conclude that although this approach is relatively simple and does not require prior estimates of the sampling covariances between effect sizes, it gives appropriate mean effect size estimates, standard error estimates, and confidence interval coverage proportions in a variety of realistic situations.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Meta-Analysis as Topic', 'Reference Standards', 'Sample Size', 'Sampling Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,361,866
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.500', 'E05.581.500.501', 'N05.715.360.325.515', 'N06.850.520.445.500'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Relationship of deoxynucleotide changes to inhibition of DNA synthesis induced by the antiretroviral agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and release of its monophosphate by human lymphoid cells (CCRF-CEM).
|
The metabolism and cytostatic effects of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), one of the most effective agents being used in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, were investigated in the CCRF-CEM line of human T lymphoid cells. The concentration of drug required to inhibit cell growth by 50% (CD50) was significantly lower when the cells were exposed to AZT for 24 hr (CD50 = 50 microM), as compared with 48 or 96 hr (CD50 = 225 and greater than 300 microM, respectively). AZT at 25 microM blocked the progression of cells in S phase for about 12 hr, but this effect was reversed by 24 hr, despite the continued presence of drug in the medium. At this drug concentration, the level of dTTP decreased to about 75% of the control level by 4 hr but rebounded to 30% above normal by 8 hr of drug exposure. dGTP and dATP pool sizes were unchanged, whereas the dCTP pool increased 5-fold. The time course of these biochemical changes indicated that the onset of S phase arrest was not directly related to the decrease in deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools. CCRF-CEM cells incubated with 25 microM AZT accumulated about 0.9 mM 5'-monophosphate (AZTMP) after 4 hr whereas levels of the 5'-di- and 5'-triphosphates (AZTDP and AZTTP) plateaued at about 2 and 5 microM, respectively. After this period, there was a rapid decrease in AZTMP accumulation, to one third its initial level by 24 hr, whereas AZTDP and AZTTP pools decreased to only about 70%. The loss in AZT nucleotide formation with time of drug exposure was associated with a concomitant accumulation of AZTMP in the medium. Cellular excretion of AZTMP was not associated with any detectable cell lysis or leakage of other cellular metabolites. The ability of CCRF-CEM cells to excrete AZTMP may be an important factor limiting the biochemical and biological effects of the drug.
|
['Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'DNA Replication', 'Deoxyribonucleotides', 'Dideoxynucleotides', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Kinetics', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymine Nucleotides', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Zidovudine']
| 2,338,944
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.695.201'], ['D13.695.225'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D03.383.742.686.706', 'D13.695.201.789', 'D13.695.740.706'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D03.383.742.680.705.950', 'D13.570.230.500.950', 'D13.570.230.855.950', 'D13.570.685.705.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
US childhood asthma prevalence estimates: the Impact of the 1997 National Health Interview Survey redesign.
|
The 1997 redesign of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) affected US childhood asthma prevalence estimates. The 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate for children 0-17 years was 5.4%. Pre-redesign NHIS childhood asthma period prevalence estimates peaked in 1995 at 7.5%. It is unclear whether the difference reflects the change in survey methodology or changing asthma prevalence. To examine the impact of the NHIS redesign on childhood asthma prevalence estimates, the authors analyzed the 1988 NHIS that contained two sets of asthma questions: the core survey used until 1996 and the Child Health Supplement (CHS) with questions more similar to those in the redesigned 1997 NHIS. The authors measured the difference between 1988 core and CHS childhood asthma prevalence estimates to calculate an inflation factor for 1997-2000 NHIS estimates. The 1988 CHS questions produced asthma prevalence estimates 19-34% lower than the 1988 core question, depending on the methodology used to assess the difference. Inflating the 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate by these differences yielded modified 1997 estimates ranging from 6.5% (95% confidence interval: 5.6%, 7.5%) to 7.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.4%, 8.2%). The change in the 1997 NHIS asthma questions likely explains much of the difference in asthma prevalence estimates between 1995 and 1997.
|
['Adolescent', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'United States']
| 12,851,220
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Epigenomic Reprogramming of Adult Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells.
|
It has been believed that mammalian adult cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are terminally-differentiated and are unable to proliferate. Recently, using a bi-transgenic ACM fate mapping mouse model and an in vitro culture system, we demonstrated that adult mouse cardiomyocytes were able to dedifferentiate into cardiac progenitor-like cells (CPCs). However, little is known about the molecular basis of their intrinsic cellular plasticity. Here we integrate single-cell transcriptome and whole-genome DNA methylation analyses to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and cell cycle reentry of mouse ACMs. Compared to parental cardiomyocytes, dedifferentiated mouse cardiomyocyte-derived CPCs (mCPCs) display epigenomic reprogramming with many differentially-methylated regions, both hypermethylated and hypomethylated, across the entire genome. Correlated well with the methylome, our transcriptomic data showed that the genes encoding cardiac structure and function proteins are remarkably down-regulated in mCPCs, while those for cell cycle, proliferation, and stemness are significantly up-regulated. In addition, implantation of mCPCs into infarcted mouse myocardium improves cardiac function with augmented left ventricular ejection fraction. Our study demonstrates that the cellular plasticity of mammalian cardiomyocytes is the result of a well-orchestrated epigenomic reprogramming and a subsequent global transcriptomic alteration.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Dedifferentiation', 'Cellular Reprogramming', 'Cellular Reprogramming Techniques', 'Cluster Analysis', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Epigenomics', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Myoblasts, Cardiac', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Single-Cell Analysis', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Transcriptome']
| 26,657,817
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.148'], ['G04.152.262', 'G05.135'], ['E05.200.500.380', 'E05.242.378', 'E05.393.085'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.203'], ['H01.158.273.180.350.074', 'H01.158.273.343.350.042'], ['E05.393.332'], ['A11.872.040.500', 'A11.872.700.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A07.541.704.500', 'A10.690.552.750.500', 'A11.872.620.470'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.242.900'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Web-based decision support for clinical trial eligibility determination in an international clinical trials network.
|
Matching individuals to multisite cooperative clinical trials can be a complex and nonintuitive decision process that expends considerable time and may be prone to errors. We developed and tested a web-based decision support tool to aid investigators in matching patients to open clinical trials for children with rhabdomyosarcoma in the context of an international cooperative cancer clinical trials network. A decision tree for trial eligibility based on eight clinical variables representing major disease characteristics was translated into a web-based format. In a blinded fashion, we assessed the accuracy of the tool in assigning 100 randomly selected cases to the proper clinical trial. The web-based tool assigned patients to the proper clinical trial in all 100 randomly selected cases. The time needed to enter data and receive results using this tool is about 1 minute per patient entered. It is feasible to develop a web-based tool to help investigators in matching patients to clinical trials. When such decisions are complex and nonintuitive, such tools have the potential to improve the accuracy of clinical trial assignment and save time.
|
['Child', 'Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Patient Selection', 'Program Development', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']
| 14,662,275
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['N04.452.760'], ['C04.557.450.590.550.660', 'C04.557.450.795.550.660']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Poor antenatal care in 20 French districts: risk factors and pregnancy outcome.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Poor attendance to antenatal visits was studied to identify risk factors and to analyse the association with adverse pregnancy outcome.DESIGN: All poor attenders and a sample of good attenders were compared within three groups of women: women < 20 years, French women > or = 20 years, and foreigners > or = 20 years.SETTING: 20 French districts including 85,000 births from January to June 1993.SUBJECTS: 848 poor attenders and 759 good attenders. Poor attenders made fewer than four antenatal visits or began care during or after the sixth month. Good attenders made at least four visits and began care before the sixth month.MAIN RESULTS: 1.1% of the women were poor attenders. Risk factors for poor attendance were single status and lack of health insurance in the group under 20; young age, high parity, and single status in the French group aged over 20; and single status and lack of health insurance in the foreign group aged over 20. For poor attenders, the odds ratios for preterm delivery were 5.8 (95% CI: 3.2, 10.5) among French women and 3.3 (95% CI: 1.5, 7.4) among foreign women with health insurance. Poor attendance was not associated with poor pregnancy outcome in the group under 20, and among foreign women over 20 without health insurance, but both groups had high rates of preterm delivery and low birth weight.CONCLUSION: Lack of health insurance is an important barrier to health care during pregnancy. Poor antenatal care is an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome among women who have easy access to health care services.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Appointments and Schedules', 'Female', 'France', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prenatal Care', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Risk Factors']
| 9,876,361
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N04.452.095'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Detection of type III collagen fragments in specimens of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
|
The purpose of this study was to analyze the collagens in aortic aneurysm walls and to investigate the mechanism of the formation of calcified abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Collagens were extracted from human aneurysmal aortic walls obtained during surgery, and from human nonaneurysmal aortic walls obtained at autopsy, using pepsin-acetic acid digestion. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting were performed. Type III collagen was found to be reduced in the arteriosclerotic aneurysmal aortic walls. The alpha1 chain of type II collagen/alpha1 chain of type I collagen ratio was 0.35+/-0.11 in the aortic aneurysms and 0.68+/-0.11 in the nonaneurysmal aortic walls (P=0.0111). All the calcified aneurysms were associated with type III collagen fragments having molecular mass of approximately 70 kDa and 30 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thus, we concluded that AAAs with calcification may be caused by an abnormal degradation of type III collagen.
|
['Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Calcinosis', 'Collagen', 'Electrophoresis', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Peptide Fragments']
| 9,590,702
|
[['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C14.907.109'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.644.541']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical characteristics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) associated gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding.METHODS: Patients who were hospitalized in our ward because of gastroduodenal bleeding from Jan, 1997 to Dec, 2001 were divided into two groups according to consumption of NSAIDs or not in the week previous to the onset of bleeding.RESULTS: 446 patients were investigated with 86 in NSAIDs group and 360 in non-NSAIDs group. There was no significant difference in sex, way of bleeding, history of peptic ulcer, bleeding site in stomach or duodenum, presence of erosion and the need of endoscopic injection therapy or not between the two groups. However, the patients in NSAIDs group were older than those in non-NSAIDs group. Hemoglobin level was lower in NSAIDs group (P = 0.004). There was more gastric ulcer and complex ulcer in the NSAIDs group than in non-NSAIDs group (P < 0.001). NSAIDs users had more ulcers (P < 0.001). Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was present in 72.5% of the non-NSAIDs group and 53.4% of the NSAIDs group (P = 0.001). In an another study, we found that age of the patients or Hp state didn't affect the clinical characteristics of NSAIDs ulcer bleeding.CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics of NSAIDs associated gastroduodenal bleeding should be better understood so as to decrease the occurrence of NSAIDs ulcer and its complication.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Female', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage', 'Sex Factors', 'Stomach Ulcer']
| 12,887,811
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.227.700', 'C23.550.414.788.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Artifacts detection-based adaptive filtering to noise reduction of strain imaging.
|
Strain imaging in medical ultrasound is the imaging modality of elastic properties of biological tissue. In general, strain image will suffer from artifacts noise, which degrades lesion detectability and increases the likelihood of misdiagnosis. How to both suppress artifacts effectively and preserve the structure is vital for diagnosis and also for image post-processing. The bilateral filtering can reduce artifact noise and, at the same time, maintain the tissue structure. However, the balance between noise suppression and edge preservation often makes the threshold selection difficult. This paper is to solve the problem of difficult threshold selection in bilateral filtering. The probability distribution function of amplitude modulation noise in this paper is derived from the statistics of uncompressed speckle. The statistical model of artifact formation is useful for designing an adaptive fast bilateral filter for artifact reduction in ultrasound strain imaging. Both simulation and phantom testing show that the proposed method can improve the quality of ultrasonic strain imaging. Furthermore, the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio was increased by 129.91% and 52.36% for simulated and phantom strain images. The elastographic contrast-to-noise ratio was increased by 521.42% and 218.07% for simulated and phantom strain images, respectively. As indicated by the profiles, the proposed method produces a better result for the purpose of visualization.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Ultrasonography']
| 31,238,255
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E07.671'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Membrane segment organization in the stator complex of the flagellar motor: implications for proton flow and proton-induced conformational change.
|
MotA and MotB are membrane proteins that form the stator of the bacterial flagellar motor. Each motor contains several MotA 4MotB 2 complexes, which function independently to conduct protons across the membrane and couple proton flow to rotation. The mechanism of rotation is not understood in detail but is thought to involve conformational changes in the stator complexes driven by proton association/dissociation at a critical Asp residue of MotB (Asp 32 in the protein of Escherichia coli). MotA has four membrane segments and MotB has one. Previous studies using targeted disulfide cross-linking showed that the membrane segments of the two MotB subunits are together at the center of the complex, surrounded by the TM3 and TM4 segments of the four MotA subunits. Here, the cross-linking studies are extended to TM1 and TM2 of MotA, using Cys residues introduced in several positions in the segments. The observed patterns of disulfide cross-linking indicate that the TM2 segment is positioned between segments TM3 and TM4 of the same subunit, where it could contribute to the proton-channel-forming part of the structure. TM1 is at the interface between TM4 of its own subunit and the TM3 segment of another subunit, where it could stabilize the complex. A structural model based on the cross-linking results shows unobstructed pathways reaching from the periplasm to the Asp 32 residues near the inner ends of the MotB segments. The model indicates a close proximity for certain conserved, functionally important residues. The results are used to develop an explicit model for the proton-induced conformational change in the stator.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cellular Structures', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Flagella', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Membranes', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Motor Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protons', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 18,834,143
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['A11.284'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['D12.776.543'], ['A10.615'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D05.500.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of Kalirin by Cdk5.
|
Kalirin, one of the few Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that contains spectrin-like repeats, plays a critical role in axon extension and maintenance of dendritic spines. PC12 cells were used to determine whether Cdk5, a critical participant in both processes, regulates the action of Kalirin. Expression of Kalirin-7 in nondifferentiated PC12 cells caused GEF-activity-dependent extension of broad cytoplasmic protrusions; coexpression of dominant-negative Cdk5 largely eliminated this response. The spectrin-like repeat region of Kalirin plays an essential role in this response, which is not mimicked by the GEF domain alone. Thr1590, which follows the first GEF domain of Kalirin, is the only Cdk5 phosphorylation site in Kalirin-7. Although mutant Kalirin-7 with Ala1590 retains GEF activity, it is unable to cause extension of protrusions. Kalirin-7 with an Asp1590 mutation has slightly increased GEF activity and dominant-negative Cdk5 fails to block its ability to cause extension of protrusions. Phosphorylation of Thr1590 causes a slight increase in GEF activity and Kalirin-7 solubility. Dendritic spines formed by cortical neurons in response to the expression of Kalirin-7 with Ala1590 differ in shape from those formed in response to wild-type Kalirin-7 or Kalirin-7 containing Asp1590. The presence of Thr1590 in each major Kalirin isoform would allow Cdk5 to regulate Kalirin function throughout development.
|
['Animals', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5', 'Dendritic Spines', 'Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Models, Biological', 'PC12 Cells', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Phosphatase 1', 'Rats', 'Threonine']
| 18,628,310
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.875', 'D12.776.167.200.067.875', 'D12.776.476.250.067.875'], ['A08.675.256.200', 'A11.284.180.225.169', 'A11.671.240.169'], ['D12.644.360.325.300', 'D12.776.476.325.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.125.142.815', 'D12.125.154.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TNF-alpha induced p21(WAF1) but not Bax in colon cancer cells WiDr with mutated p53: important role of protein stabilization.
|
The p21(WAF1)induces cell cycle arrest at G(1)and its expression is regulated by the functional p53. TNF-alpha induced expression of p21(WAF1)at protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion with an association with G(1)-arrest in human colon cancer cells WiDr that carry mutated p53 at codon 273 (His(273)). However, TNF-alpha did not affect the levels of the Bax protein, which also has p53-binding sites on its promoter and causes apoptosis. Further experiments suggested that cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, increased the levels of p21(WAF1)mRNA and the induction of p21(WAF1)mRNA by TNF-alpha did not require new protein synthesis. Co-transfection of the p53 His(273)expression construct with a luciferase gene controlled by the p21(WAF1)promoter showed that the p53 His(273)was inactive, although TNF-alpha increased the transcriptional rate of p21(WAF1)in these cells. Further study found that TNF-alpha markedly stabilized the p21(WAF1)protein. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha induces expression of p21(WAF1)through a distinct pathway from Bax and that protein stabilization is an important mechanism in the expression of p21(WAF1)independent of p53.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Binding Sites', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclins', 'Cycloheximide', 'DNA', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Flow Cytometry', 'G1 Phase', 'Genes, p53', 'Histidine', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Up-Regulation', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 11,097,743
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G04.144.500.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D27.505.519.389.760'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional analysis of the factor IX epidermal growth factor-like domain mutation Ile66Thr associated with mild hemophilia B.
|
The present study focused on the functional role of the mutation Ile66Thr located in the N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain of coagulation factor IX (FIX). This mutation causes mild hemophilia B with approximately 25% FIX coagulant activity and FIX antigen levels of around 90% of normal. In the 3-dimensional structure of porcine FIXa and in the subsequent 3-dimensional model of human FIXa that we have previously developed, residue 66 is exposed to the solvent and can be replaced by many amino acids, including Thr, without affecting the major folding/stability of the molecule. This is consistent with the basically normal antigen levels observed. We found that the FIX Ile66Thr mutant was activated to a normal extent by FVIIa/TF and FXIa. However, the ability of FIX Ile66Thr to activate FX was impaired in both the presence and absence of FVIIIa, indicating that Ile66 is not directly involved in the binding of FIX to FVIIIa.
|
['Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Factor IX', 'Factor VIIIa', 'Factor X', 'Hemophilia B', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Protein Binding']
| 17,230,038
|
[['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.622.355', 'D12.776.124.125.375', 'D12.776.811.243.355', 'D23.119.375'], ['D12.776.124.125.350.300', 'D23.119.350.300'], ['D08.622.471', 'D12.776.124.125.400', 'D12.776.811.243.471', 'D23.119.400'], ['C15.378.100.100.510', 'C15.378.100.141.510', 'C15.378.463.510', 'C16.320.099.510', 'C16.320.322.235'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The critical-reflexive teaching-learning process].
|
This study aimed at showing how the learning process is being built in the FAMEMA nursing course and identifying the different aspects of this process perceived by students based on the logics of the political-pedagogical project. The subjects of the research were fourth-grade students in the course. Research techniques used were focus groups and a semi-structured interview. Empirical material was organized according to the collective subject discourse technique, followed by the application of content analysis in the thematic modality. In the analysis of empiric material, it was highlighted that learning occurs in a process with successive approaches, throughout life, being graduation the beginning of a process. They experienced things in which they shared knowledge, conflicts, group work and teamwork.
|
['Education, Nursing', 'Problem Solving']
| 15,782,709
|
[['I02.358.462'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Should lymph nodes from colorectal cancer resection specimens be processed in their entirety?
|
AIMS: To quantify the benefit of processing each lymph node in its entirety in colorectal cancer specimens.METHODS: 391 consecutive cases were examined retrospectively to assess how often cases were upstaged to node positive disease by examining each node in its entirety.RESULTS: 7 out of 391 patients were upstaged by this method. However, of those patients, approximately three could have been detected by chance. Therefore, approximately 1% of cases were correctly upstaged. However, six of these seven patients also had at least one additional adverse prognostic factor, and would otherwise have been considered high risk Dukes' B cases.CONCLUSIONS: Processing all slices of each lymph node significantly increases laboratory workload and is of minimal clinical benefit.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Specimen Handling']
| 22,011,451
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.446'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Social support and psychological adjustment among Latinas with arthritis: a test of a theoretical model.
|
BACKGROUND: Among people coping with chronic illness, tangible social support sometimes has unintended negative consequences on the recipient's psychological health. Identity processes may help explain these effects. Individuals derive self-worth and a sense of competence by enacting social roles that are central to the self-concept.PURPOSE: This study tested a model drawing from some of these theoretical propositions. The central hypothesis was that tangible support in fulfilling a highly valued role undermines self-esteem and a sense of self-efficacy, which, in turn, affect psychological adjustment.METHODS: Structured interviews were conducted with 98 Latina women with arthritis who rated the homemaker identity as being of central importance to the self-concept.RESULTS: A path analysis indicated that, contrary to predictions, tangible housework support was related to less psychological distress. Emotional support predicted greater psychological well-being. These relationships were not mediated by self-esteem or self-efficacy. Qualitative data revealed that half of the sample expressed either ambivalent or negative feelings about receiving housework support.CONCLUSIONS: Results may reflect social and cultural norms concerning the types of support that are helpful and appropriate from specific support providers. Future research should consider the cultural meaning and normative context of the support transaction. This study contributes to scarce literatures on the mechanisms that mediate the relationship between social support and adjustment, as well as illness and psychosocial adaptation among Latina women with chronic illness.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Housekeeping', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Psychological', 'New York City', 'Regression Analysis', 'Role', 'Self Concept', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Support']
| 15,184,092
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['N02.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.695'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F01.829.316.616'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Assessment of the effect of cigarette smoking on regional brain volumes and lesion load in patients with clinically isolated syndrome.
|
PURPOSE: Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis, disease progression and clinical disability. We detected the effects of smoking on regional brain volumes and lesion load in patients with clinically isolated syndrome using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smoker patients (n = 16), smoker healthy controls (n = 13), non-smoker patients (n = 17) and non-smoker healthy controls (n = 14) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and neocortical volumes were measured. Lesion load was calculated in terms of number and volume of white matter hyperintensities.RESULTS: Smoking was associated with increased gray matter volumes in several regions of the brain. A tendency towards greater lesion load in smoker patients was found. Smoking duration was significantly negatively correlated with intracranial volume and left hemisphere cortical gray matter volume. There was no relationship between regional brain volumes and clinical disability scores, lesion load duration of the disease and degree of smoking exposure.CONCLUSIONS: Clinically isolated syndrome related regional brain atrophy might vary in extent and severity with smoking. Despite increased lesion load, less cortical and deep gray matter damage with a possible neuroprotective effect occurs in smoking.
|
['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Female', 'Gray Matter', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Smoking', 'White Matter', 'Young Adult']
| 26,268,999
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C10.314'], ['A08.186.211.168', 'A08.186.854.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F01.145.805'], ['A08.186.211.204', 'A08.186.854.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Setup accuracy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using virtual isocenter in image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT)].
|
We use Novalis Body system for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in lung and liver tumors. Novalis system is dedicated to SBRT with image-guided patient setup system ExacTrac. The spinal bone is the main landmark in patient setup during SBRT using ExacTrac kV X-ray system. When the target tumor is located laterally distant from the spinal bone at the midline, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the setup, especially if there are rotational gaps (yaw, pitch and roll) in the setup. For this, we resolve the problem by using a virtual isocenter (VIC) different from isocenter (IC) .We evaluated the setup accuracy in a rand phantom by using VIC and checked the setup errors using rand phantom and patient cases by our original method during the setup for IC. The accuracy of setup using VIC was less than 1.0 mm. Our original method was useful for checking patient setup when VIC used.
|
['Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Radiosurgery', 'Radiotherapy, Image-Guided']
| 23,089,838
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E07.671'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E02.815.768']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Menefee model for patient-focused interdisciplinary team collaboration.
|
The conversion to electronic plans of care in a community hospital setting offered an opportunity to design an interdisciplinary, collaborative model for patient-focused care. The performance improvement initiative began with the development of evidence-based interdisciplinary plans of care and concluded with a consistent and effective process for patient engagement and daily interdisciplinary team rounding. Benefits include reduced readmission rates, higher patient satisfaction, and improved interdisciplinary team collaboration. This project demonstrates how an interdisciplinary model that includes patient-centered, nurse-led care plan rounding was created, implemented, and measured.
|
['Cooperative Behavior', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Hospitals, Community', 'Humans', 'Interdisciplinary Communication', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Models, Nursing', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Patient Care Team', 'Program Evaluation']
| 25,340,925
|
[['F01.145.813.115'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['N02.278.421.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205.249', 'L01.143.865.500'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['E05.599.645'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['N04.590.715'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
On the evolution of the terminal redundancies of Klebsiella phage No. 11 and of coliphages T3 and T7.
|
The phylogenetic relationship between Klebsiella phage No. 11 and the classical coliphages T7 and T3, postulated in a previous study, was investigated at the nucleotide level by sequencing the termini of phage No. 11 DNA. This DNA was found to have a terminal redundancy of 181 base pairs. Comparison of the terminal sequences of T7, T3 and No. 11 DNA suggests that the terminal redundancies of the three phages contain different expansions and variations of the short 'founder sequence' 5' TTAACCTTGGG 3' of a common ancestor.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Base Sequence', 'Coliphages', 'DNA, Viral', 'Klebsiella']
| 3,968,536
|
[['B04.123'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B04.123.205'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B03.440.450.425.425', 'B03.660.250.150.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Heartbeat Wales--a community programme.
|
Heartbeat Wales is a broadly based initiative designed to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease. After three years there are encouraging signs that the people of the Principality are adopting a healthier lifestyle.
|
['Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Wales']
| 2,587,503
|
[['C14'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.363.914']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Use of sexed sorted semen for fixed-time artificial insemination or fixed-time embryo transfer of in vitro-produced embryos in cattle.
|
Artificial insemination and in vitro embryo production are powerful tools for disseminating superior genetic qualities and improving the reproductive performance of dairy and beef cattle. In conjunction with these biotechnologies, sexed-sorted semen has been used to obtain offspring of a predetermined sex. This study compared the pregnancy rates obtained using in vitro fertilization/timed embryo transfer (IVF/TET) and timed artificial insemination (TAI), both performed using sexed-sorted (Y-chromosome-bearing) semen obtained from the same bull. For the in vitro embryo production, the ovaries of 250 Nelore cows with known histories were collected in the slaughterhouse and used for IVF. After evaluation of the recipients (IVF/TET group; n = 974), the resultant embryos were transferred to the females with corpus luteum (n = 822). The pregnancy-related data for this group were compared with those for the TAI group (n = 974). Ultrasonography was performed at 60 days to determine the pregnancy status and confirm the sex of the fetus. A total of 2008 oocytes produced 1050 embryos, with 52% of them reaching the blastocyst stage. The pregnancy rate and the accuracy in determining the fetal sex were 35.4% (345/974) and 95.07% (328/345), respectively, for the IVF/TET group and 30% (293/974; P < 0.05) and 94.88% (278/293), respectively, for the TAI group. In the present study, we concluded that male calves could be better obtained using IVF/TET rather than TAI; therefore, this strategy can be considered to increase the pregnancy rate of beef cattle.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques', 'Insemination, Artificial', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Sex Preselection']
| 27,068,357
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['E02.875.800.906', 'E05.820.800.906'], ['E02.875.800.937', 'E05.820.800.937', 'G08.686.784.363.492'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.393.420.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethnic differences in the sudden infant death syndrome: what we can learn from immigrants to the UK.
|
AIMS: To compare the effect of potential maternal and birth factors on rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) within and between infants born to mothers of different ethnic groups.METHODS: Routinely collected obstetric, child health data relating to 39,101 residents of three East London Districts born in 1989-1990 were obtained. These were matched with 312 death registration records to validate death and add registered cause of death. Mortality rates were calculated in the usual way, and using life-table methods.RESULTS: These related to six ethnic groups, the largest of which were Anglo-European and Bangladeshi. Low birth-weight was the only factor associated with a greater risk of SIDS in all ethnic groups. Maternal smoking was uncommon amongst all Asian groups and African mothers, and rates of SIDS were uniformly low amongst non-smokers in all ethnic groups except Pakistanis. Adjustment for maternal age, parity, gestational age and birthweight would widen the differences between risk of SIDS observed between Anglo-Europeans and Bangladeshi infants.CONCLUSIONS: The study has demonstrated that local data is more timely and of greater detail than that available nationally. Of the risk factors considered, smoking reported during pregnancy is the most commonly encountered and is particularly associated with deaths attributed to SIDS.
|
['Africa', 'Asia', 'Bangladesh', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Sudden Infant Death', 'United Kingdom', 'West Indies']
| 7,821,257
|
[['Z01.058'], ['Z01.252'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['C23.550.260.322.625', 'C23.550.260.657.500'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['Z01.107.084.900', 'Z01.639.880']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Probing essential water in yeast pyrophosphatase by directed mutagenesis and fluoride inhibition measurements.
|
The pattern of yeast pyrophosphatase (Y-PPase) inhibition by fluoride suggests that it replaces active site Mg(2+)-bound nucleophilic water, for which two different locations were proposed previously. To localize the bound fluoride, we investigate here the effects of mutating Tyr(93) and five dicarboxylic amino acid residues forming two metal binding sites in Y-PPase on its inhibition by fluoride and its five catalytic functions (steady-state PP(i) hydrolysis and synthesis, formation of enzyme-bound PP(i) at equilibrium, phosphate-water oxygen exchange, and Mg(2+) binding). D117E substitution had the largest effect on fluoride binding and made the P-O bond cleavage step rate-limiting in the catalytic cycle, consistent with the mechanism in which the nucleophile is coordinated by two metal ions and Asp(117). The effects of the mutations on PP(i) hydrolysis (as characterized by the catalytic constant and the net rate constant for P-O bond cleavage) were in general larger than on PP(i) synthesis (as characterized by the net rate constant for PP(i) release from active site). The effects of fluoride on the Y-PPase variants confirmed that PPase catalysis involves two enzyme.PP(i) intermediates, which bind fluoride with greatly different rates (Baykov, A. A., Fabrichniy, I. P., Pohjanjoki, P., Zyryanov, A. B., and Lahti, R. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 11939-11947). A mechanism for the structural changes underlying the interconversion of the enzyme.PP(i) intermediates is proposed.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Binding Sites', 'Diphosphates', 'Fluorides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Inorganic Pyrophosphatase', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Pyrophosphatases', 'Water', 'Yeasts']
| 11,031,269
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.775.150', 'D01.248.497.158.730.650.200', 'D01.695.625.675.650.775.150'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D08.811.277.040.600.399', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.487', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.487'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.277.040.600'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['B01.300.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The low rate of HIV infection in Japanese homosexual and bisexual men: an analysis of HIV seroprevalence and behavioural risk factors.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in homosexual and bisexual men in Nagoya City, Japan.DESIGN: A prospective study ongoing since April 1986.METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty-eight serum samples were collected from 531 participants in August 1990 in an anonymous, confidential testing programme. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and all participants anonymized by a code number. Interviews were conducted and HIV-antibody test results given by telephone, except for the positive test results, which were given in person and counselling offered.RESULTS: Two out of the 531 participants (0.38%) were found to be seropositive for HIV-1, although the seroprevalences of sexually transmitted diseases, including hepatitis B, syphilis, chlamydia infection and amoebiasis, were remarkably high. A small number of participants had had sexual contact with individuals from countries where HIV infection rates are high. No patient had had a recent episode of intravenous drug use. Numbers of male sexual partners were decreasing and unsafe sexual practices, such as anal intercourse without condom use, were also decreasing.CONCLUSIONS: The apparent low-risk behaviour of the men studied here (low levels of sexual contact with foreigners, absence of intravenous drug use, decreasing numbers of sexual partners and unsafe sexual practices) may explain the low prevalence of HIV infection.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bisexuality', 'HIV Seroprevalence', 'Homosexuality', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Risk-Taking', 'Telephone']
| 1,616,657
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.802.975.200', 'G08.686.867.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.950.375', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950.375', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950.375'], ['F01.145.802.975.500', 'G08.686.867.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.722'], ['L01.178.847.698']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Epidural spinal cord compression in a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
|
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) can present with vascular malformations throughout the body, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Spinal cord compression from these lesions is rare, particularly in the pediatric population. The authors report a case of BRBNS involving an 18-year-old female patient who presented with back pain and an epidural thoracic mass with cord compression. She underwent an uncomplicated thoracic laminectomy and decompression, with removal of what appeared to be a venous malformation. Postoperatively her pain improved, and imaging revealed resolution of cord compression. Pathological analysis highlighted dilated venous channels with myxoid degeneration in the wall with clot, characteristic of BRBNS. The early age of presentation and location are unique based on the literature search of BRBNS. The present report highlights the multiplicity of venous malformations in BRBNS, and the management of this case.
|
['Adolescent', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Laminectomy', 'Nevus, Blue', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Spinal Cord Compression', 'Thoracic Vertebrae', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,238,626
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E04.188'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['C04.557.665.560.615.550'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678'], ['A02.835.232.834.892'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Modafinil for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis.
|
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and a debilitating neuro-behavior disorder in the pediatric population. Although numerous effective psychostimulants are available, more than 30% of patients still do not show adequate treatment response rendering diverse pharmacological options. We aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of modafinil in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD by conducting a meta-analysis. An extensive search of databases and clinical trial registries resulted in five published short-term randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Primary efficacy measures were mean change in ADHD Rating Scale-IV Home (ADHD-RS-IV Home) and School Version (ADHD-RS-IV School) from baseline to study end point. The results showed that modafinil more significantly improved ADHD-RS-IV Home (SMD, -0.77 [95%CI, -1.11 to -0.44]) and School (SMD, -0.71 [95%CI, -0.96 to -0.47]) than placebo. Dropout rate due to adverse event did not significantly differ between two groups. In terms of commonly observed side effects, modafinil showed significantly higher incidence of decreased appetite (RR = 5.02, 95% CIs, 2.55 to 9.89, P < 0.00001) and insomnia (RR = 6.16, 95% CIs, 3.40 to 11.17, P < 0.00001). Modafinil did not cause a clinically significant increase of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Although we found that modafinil may be another treatment option in children and adolescents with ADHD, the results should be interpreted and translated into clinical practice with caution, as the meta-analysis was based on a limited number of clinical trials.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Modafinil', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 27,810,669
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115.550'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pluripotency: capacity for in vitro differentiation of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
|
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, the pluripotent cells of early embryos have been successfully cultured as undifferentiated cells. The cells are characterized by two unique properties, unlimited self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into all cells of the body. Because of the high in vitro differentiation potential, ES cells have been used as model system in cell and developmental biology. Here we present methods that use mouse embryonic stem cells for the in vitro differentiation and characterization of neuronal, cardiac, pancreatic and hepatic cells, derivatives of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, respectively. In the future, differentiated cells may be also generated from human ES cells by cultivation of early embryos or from reprogrammed cells derived by nuclear transfer. Such cells could represent potential sources for tissue repair of serious human diseases.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Culture Media', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Neurons', 'Pancreas', 'Stem Cells']
| 16,761,727
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A16.254'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A03.734'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Behaviour of surface acoustic wave interdigitated array electrode sensor in non-aqueous solution and determination of blood plasma recalcification time.
|
A novel SAW-IDA sensor system was constructed for the first time by connecting the IDA electrodes in series with a SAW resonator. The frequency characteristics of the SAW-IDA sensor in non-aqueous solution were investigated. The effects of the parallel capacitance and cell constant were studied, and were calculated with the circuit network theory. These calculations provide guiding rules for design of the SAW-IDA sensor system. The SAW-IDA sensor was applied to determination of recalcification time and activated partial thromboplastin time of blood plasma. The sensor offers a new and effective way of studying clinical and laboratory haemostasis.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Electrodes', 'Humans', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Solutions', 'Surface Properties']
| 8,729,241
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['E07.305.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['D26.776'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Continuous measurement of left ventricular volume using a single dimensional transducer: a comparison of two techniques in open chested dogs.
|
A comparison has been made of the continuous measurement of left ventricular volume in open chested dogs by two simple dimensional transducer systems: a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge measuring epicardial arc length at the ventricular equator and a pair of electromagnetically coupled coils placed on opposite sides of the left ventricle to measure its diameter. The single dimensional measurements were converted to volume measurements after death by filling an intraventricular ballon with known volumes of liquid. The strain gauge proved clearly superior to the coupled coils because it was not possible in practice to position the coils precisely facing each other and they did not remain tangential to the epicardial surface throughout the cardiac cycle. A single epicardial strain gauge can provide sufficiently accurate measurements of left ventricular volume to warrant its use in physiological studies of cardiac function. Although considerable attention to detail is required this technique has the advantages of being inexpensive and producing a continuous record which is easily interpreted.
|
['Animals', 'Cardiac Volume', 'Dogs', 'Electromagnetic Phenomena', 'Mercury', 'Transducers', 'Ventricular Function']
| 1,175,179
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.330.380.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G01.358.500'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['E07.305.812'], ['G09.330.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phase I study of twelve-day prolonged infusion of high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin as first-line chemotherapy in adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
|
PURPOSE: To determine whether a prolonged 12-day continuous infusion allows the administration of high-dose ifosfamide (IFO) with an acceptable toxicity profile when combined with full-dose doxorubicin (Adriamycin; ADM) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Escalating doses of continuous infusion IFO (8-15 g/m2) given on days 1 to 12 in combination with ADM 75 mg/m2 given on day 8 and prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support were administered every 4 weeks to 35 chemona?ve patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas.RESULTS: The maximum tolerated dose was IFO 15 g/m2. Hematological toxicity was the main dose-limiting toxicity and was dose dependent. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia was cumulative. Grade 4 (WHO) neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were recorded in 48% and 14% of courses, respectively. Eight patients experienced febrile neutropenia. A partial response was observed in 16 out of 30 assessable patients [53%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 25-63]; median time to progression was 25 weeks (range 4-91).CONCLUSIONS: This study proved that a prolonged 12-day continuous infusion allows an increase in the total IFO dose that can be safely combined with ADM. A multicentric phase II study by the Italian Sarcoma Group to assess its antitumor activity is currently ongoing in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Disease Progression', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ifosfamide', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Sarcoma', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,863,099
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243.250', 'D02.705.672.500.243.250', 'D03.383.533.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Micromultiplane transesophageal echocardiographic probe for intraoperative study of congenital heart disease repair in neonates, infants, children, and adults.
|
This study reports the development of a micromultiplane 8.2-mm transesophageal echocardiographic probe. The probe is applicable to newborn infants and can deliver diagnostic images in adults.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Equipment Design', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intraoperative Period']
| 10,073,843
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['E05.320'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates DNA methyltransferase 3A/3B and enhances SOCS-1CpG island methylation.
|
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) on the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)3A/3B and suppressors of cytokine signaling‑1 (SOCS‑1), as well as promoter CpG island methylation of the SOCS‑1 gene. Stable hepatocyte cell lines expressing the HBx gene (pcDNA‑X/QSG7701) or an empty gene (pcDNA3.0/QSG7701) were established. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of DNMT3A/3B and SOCS‑1. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of DNMT3A/3B. Methylation‑specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect the methylation status of the SOCS‑1 gene promoter. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT3A/3B were significantly higher in the pcDNA‑X/QSG7701‑transfected cells, compared with those in the pcDNA3.0/QSG7701 or non‑transfected QSG7701 cells (P<0.05), whereas the relative mRNA expression of SOCS‑1 was significantly lower in the pcDNA‑X/QSG7701 cells compared with the pcDNA3.0/QSG7701 and non‑transfected QSG7701 cells (F=19.6; P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of SOCS‑1 was significantly lower in the pcDNA‑X/QSG7701 cells, compared with the pcDNA3.0/QSG7701 or non‑transfected QSG7701 cells (F=19.4; P<0.05). The results of the MSP analysis showed that SOCS‑1 promoter region methylation was present only in the pcDNA‑X/QSG7701 cells. The HBV‑X gene upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT3A/3B, downregulated the expression of SOCS‑1 and increased SOCS‑1 gene promoter CpG island methylation. This may provide a potential explanation of the mechanism underlying HBx-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases', 'DNA Methylation', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein', 'Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transfection', 'Up-Regulation', 'Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins']
| 26,573,490
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100.500'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.644.360.024.374.500', 'D12.776.157.057.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.437.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.374', 'D12.776.157.057.249', 'D12.776.476.024.437'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.776.964.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
BP‑1‑102 exerts an antitumor effect on the AGS human gastric cancer cell line through modulating the STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways.
|
BP‑1‑102, a novel inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), exhibits significant antitumor effects in several malignancies in vitro and in vivo. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect and potential molecular mechanisms of BP‑102 in human GC cell lines were investigated. The results showed that BP‑1‑02 dose‑dependently inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells, whereas it had little effect on HGC‑27 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that BP‑1‑102 induced apoptosis, but had minimal effect on cell cycle distribution. In addition, cells treated with BP‑1‑102 demonstrated markedly suppressed migration and invasion capacities. Western blot analysis revealed that BP‑1‑102 inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its target genes, including c‑Myc, cyclin D1 and survivin, in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that BP‑1‑102 induced the phosphorylation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibited the activation of extracellular signal‑related kinases. Taken together, these results demonstrated that BP‑1‑102 may be a potent antitumor agent that acts through modulating the STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways in GC cells.
|
['Aminosalicylic Acids', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Sulfonamides']
| 30,720,080
|
[['D02.241.223.100.300.595.100', 'D02.241.511.390.595.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of prematurely condensed chromosomes from testicular cells of the mouse.
|
Mitotic CHO cells and mouse testicular cells were fused with polyethylene glycol. Several types of prematurely condensed chromosomes were observed. From chromosome morphology it was possible to determine that most of the PCC represented mouse cells. Labeling of either the CHO cells in vitro or the testicular cells in vivo with 3H-TdR prior to fusion also demonstrated that the PCC were derived from the mouse cells. In some PCC, 20 chromosomes could be counted, the haploid number for mouse. It is assumed that these PCC were induced in mouse spermatid nuclei.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosomes', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Female', 'Haplorhini', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mitosis', 'Ovary', 'Testis', 'Thymidine', 'Tritium']
| 117,994
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on rat brain radial glia and neuroblast migration.
|
Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) induces morphologic and functional alterations in the developing central nervous system. The orderly migration of neuroblasts is a key process in the development of a layered structure such as the cerebral cortex (CC). From initial stages of corticogenesis, the transcription factor Pax6 is intensely expressed in neuroepithelial and radial glia cells (RGCs) and is involved in continual regulation of cell surface properties responsible for both cellular identity and radial migration. In the present work, one month before mating, during pregnancy and lactation, a group of female Wistar rats were fed a liquid diet with 5.9% (w/w) ethanol (EtOH), rendering moderate blood EtOH concentrations. Maternal gestational weight progression and fetal CC thickness were measured. CC from E12-P3 rats were examined for expression of vimentin, nestin, S-100b, Pax6 and doublecortin using immunohistochemical assays. RGCs expressing vimentin, nestin, S-100b and Pax6 had abnormal morphologies. The migration distance through the CC and the number of doublecortin-ir neuroblasts in germinative zones were decreased. We found significant morphologic defects on RGCs, a marked delay in neuronal migration, decreased numbers of neuroblasts, and decreased numbers of Pax6-ir cells in the CC as a consequence of exposure to ethanol during development. These observations suggest a sequence of toxic events that contribute to cortical dysplasia in offspring exposed to EtOH during gestation.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Movement', 'Ethanol', 'Eye Proteins', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intermediate Filament Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nestin', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'Neuropeptides', 'PAX6 Transcription Factor', 'Paired Box Transcription Factors', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Vimentin']
| 21,414,313
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D12.776.306'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593', 'D12.776.220.475'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D05.750.078.593.540', 'D12.776.220.475.540', 'D12.776.631.607'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['D12.776.260.645.813', 'D12.776.930.700.813'], ['D12.776.260.645', 'D12.776.930.700'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancing excitatory activity of somatosensory cortex alleviates neuropathic pain through regulating homeostatic plasticity.
|
Central sensitization and network hyperexcitability of the nociceptive system is a basic mechanism of neuropathic pain. We hypothesize that development of cortical hyperexcitability underlying neuropathic pain may involve homeostatic plasticity in response to lesion-induced somatosensory deprivation and activity loss, and can be controlled by enhancing cortical activity. In a mouse model of neuropathic pain, in vivo two-photon imaging and patch clamp recording showed initial loss and subsequent recovery and enhancement of spontaneous firings of somatosensory cortical pyramidal neurons. Unilateral optogenetic stimulation of cortical pyramidal neurons both prevented and reduced pain-like behavior as detected by bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity of hindlimbs, but corpus callosotomy eliminated the analgesic effect that was ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to optogenetic stimulation, suggesting involvement of inter-hemispheric excitatory drive in this effect. Enhancing activity by focally blocking cortical GABAergic inhibition had a similar relieving effect on the pain-like behavior. Patch clamp recordings from layer V pyramidal neurons showed that optogenetic stimulation normalized cortical hyperexcitability through changing neuronal membrane properties and reducing frequency of excitatory postsynaptic events. We conclude that development of neuropathic pain involves abnormal homeostatic activity regulation of somatosensory cortex, and that enhancing cortical excitatory activity may be a novel strategy for preventing and controlling neuropathic pain.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Channelrhodopsins', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Homeostasis', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Ischemia', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neuralgia', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Optogenetics', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Spinal Cord', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Tibial Nerve']
| 28,986,567
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.163', 'D12.776.543.550.450.163', 'D12.776.543.585.400.163', 'D12.776.765.593.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['G07.410'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['G04.580.887.374', 'G07.265.675.887.374', 'G07.265.755.500', 'G07.265.880.750.400', 'G11.561.570.918.374', 'G11.561.616.500', 'G11.561.830.750.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['G11.561.638'], ['E05.393.667'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['A08.186.854'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mid-term results of revision total hip arthroplasty with an uncemented modular femoral component.
|
INTRODUCTION: During revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), the surgeon commonly faces deficient proximal femoral bone. In this situation, distal fixation of the prosthesis is required. The aim of the current retrospective study is to assess the clinical and radiographic mid-term outcome of revision total hip arthroplasty using a modular uncemented, tapered, grit-blasted, distal straight stem system.METHODS: This retrospective study included 70 femoral revisions that were performed in 67 patients using the device of interest. All patients were operated on via an extended trochanteric osteotomy. 60 revisions were performed as 1-stage (12 infected) and 10 as 2-stage (all infected) revisions. At 3 months postoperatively and at final follow-up, patients were assessed radiographically for the presence of osteolysis and for distal integration.RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 4.3 (2.0-7.6) years. 4 patients had a removal of at least 1 prosthetic component. Stem survival for any reason was 92% after 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-100%). With aseptic loosening of the stem as the endpoint of interest, survival after 5 years was 96% (95% CI, 88%-100%). A postoperative subsidence rate of 14.7% was found. No perioperative femoral fractures were found in the current patient series.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed excellent mid-term survival and good clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients who had undergone revision THA with a modular uncemented, tapered, straight design.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Periprosthetic Fractures', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,027,190
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.404.550'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evolutionarily conserved multisubunit RBL2/p130 and E2F4 protein complex represses human cell cycle-dependent genes in quiescence.
|
The mammalian Retinoblastoma (RB) family including pRB, p107, and p130 represses E2F target genes through mechanisms that are not fully understood. In D. melanogaster, RB-dependent repression is mediated in part by the multisubunit protein complex Drosophila RBF, E2F, and Myb (dREAM) that contains homologs of the C. elegans synthetic multivulva class B (synMuvB) gene products. Using an integrated approach combining proteomics, genomics, and bioinformatic analyses, we identified a p130 complex termed DP, RB-like, E2F, and MuvB (DREAM) that contains mammalian homologs of synMuvB proteins LIN-9, LIN-37, LIN-52, LIN-54, and LIN-53/RBBP4. DREAM bound to more than 800 human promoters in G0 and was required for repression of E2F target genes. In S phase, MuvB proteins dissociated from p130 and formed a distinct submodule that bound MYB. This work reveals an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit protein complex that contains p130 and E2F4, but not pRB, and mediates the repression of cell cycle-dependent genes in quiescence.
|
['Animals', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Crk-Associated Substrate Protein', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'E2F4 Transcription Factor', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasms', 'Protein Subunits', 'Proteome', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Retinoblastoma Protein', 'Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130', 'Suppression, Genetic']
| 17,531,812
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.043'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D12.644.360.024.282', 'D12.776.157.057.016', 'D12.776.476.024.316', 'D12.776.744.425'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['D12.776.930.211.812'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360.372.500.374', 'D12.776.157.125.412.500.374', 'D12.776.476.387.500.374', 'D12.776.631.645.374'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D12.776.817'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.260.704', 'D12.776.624.776.745', 'D12.776.660.807', 'D12.776.744.770'], ['D12.776.624.776.735', 'D12.776.660.794', 'D12.776.744.755'], ['G05.365.590.835', 'G05.558.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The plasma membrane of yeast protoplasts exposed to hypotonicity becomes porous but does not disintegrate in the presence of protons or polyvalent cations.
|
Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae swelled, lysed and disintegrated when exposed to hypotonic solutions at neutral pH. At pH 4.5 or lower the hypotonically treated protoplasts did not disintegrate and they retained their intracellular proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides. However, they became leaky for K+ and Ca2+, indicating that pores had been created in the surface membrane, relaxing the osmotic stress. Upon readjustment of pH to neutral, the hypotonically treated protoplasts released the intracellular content and disintegrated. Also, at low pH, protoplasts did not swell in isotonic ammonium acetate and were refractory to the permeabilizing effect of nystatin and to lysis with low concentrations of detergents. Protoplasts were similarly protected against lysis and disintegration by hypotonic treatment or by detergents, even at neutral pH, if the incubation media contained polyvalent cations, especially Zn2+, La3+, spermine, and Ca2+ chelated with EDTA. The protoplasts exposed to hypotonic stress at low pH did not respire and could not regenerate into viable cells. Effects of H+ and polyvalent cations on intramembrane forces acting between molecules of membrane phospholipids are considered along with possible changes in interactions between membrane proteins.
|
['Cell Membrane', 'Freeze Etching', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hypotonic Solutions', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Protoplasts', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 3,555,618
|
[['A11.284.149'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.620.260.400', 'E01.370.225.750.600.620.260.400', 'E05.200.500.620.620.260.400', 'E05.200.750.600.620.260.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D26.776.399'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.789'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Delaying virus maturation for a higher yield of cell associated virus antigens.
|
Negligible amounts of virus were released when infected cells were maintained in low ionic strength medium. The cells accumulated a high titre of virus and its specific antigenic proteins, detected by complement-fixation test. The procedure has potential for production of virus subunit vaccines.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Cell Line', 'Complement Fixation Tests', 'Culture Media', 'Dengue Virus', 'Encephalitis Virus, Japanese', 'Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis', 'Epitopes', 'Flavivirus', 'West Nile virus']
| 2,481,802
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.150', 'E05.200.812.735.150', 'E05.478.594.760.150'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['B04.820.230.475.227', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.227'], ['B04.820.230.475.330', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.330'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B04.820.578.344.350'], ['B04.820.230.475.950', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pramipexole inhibits MPTP toxicity in mice by dopamine D3 receptor dependent and independent mechanisms.
|
The role of dopamine D3 receptors was investigated in mediating the neuroprotective effect of the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist (S)-2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-propylamine-benzothiazole (pramipexole) in vivo. Pramipexole retained the ability to inhibit 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopamine depletion in mice in which the dopamine D3 receptor had been deleted. However, the neuroprotective efficacy was reduced in the dopamine D3 receptor-deleted mice compared to that in littermates expressing the wildtype receptor. Furthermore, the dopamine D3 receptor selective antagonist 2-(3-[4-(2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylthio)-4-pyrimidinol (A-437203) partially inhibited the neuroprotective effect of pramipexole in dopamine D3 receptor expressing mice but not in receptor-deleted mice. These results indicate that pramipexole protects dopamine neurons from MPTP-induced toxicity by mechanisms that are both dependent and independent of an interaction with dopamine D3 receptors.
|
['Animals', 'Benzothiazoles', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'MPTP Poisoning', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Piperazines', 'Pramipexole', 'Pyrimidines', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Receptors, Dopamine D3', 'Thiazoles']
| 12,954,356
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.129.708.089', 'D03.633.100.185'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175.500', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.800.300', 'C10.228.662.600.700.250', 'C10.720.606', 'C25.723.705.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D03.383.129.708.089.514', 'D03.633.100.185.514'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500.249', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500.249'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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