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Extraocular ectoderm triggers dorsal retinal fate during optic vesicle evagination in zebrafish.
|
Dorsal retinal fate is established early in eye development, via expression of spatially restricted dorsal-specific transcription factors in the optic vesicle; yet the events leading to initiation of dorsal fate are not clear. We hypothesized that induction of dorsal fate would require an extraocular signal arising from a neighboring tissue to pattern the prospective dorsal retina, however no such signal has been identified. We used the zebrafish embryo to determine the source, timing, and identity of the dorsal retina-inducing signal. Extensive cell movements occur during zebrafish optic vesicle morphogenesis, however the location of prospective dorsal cells within the early optic vesicle and their spatial relationship to early dorsal markers is currently unknown. Our mRNA expression and fate mapping analyses demonstrate that the dorsolateral optic vesicle is the earliest region to express dorsal specific markers, and cells from this domain contribute to the dorsal retinal pole at 24 hpf. We show that three bmp genes marking dorsal retina at 25 hpf are also expressed extraocularly before retinal patterning begins. We identified gdf6a as a dorsal initiation signal acting from the extraocular non-neural ectoderm during optic vesicle evagination. We find that bmp2b is involved in dorsal retina initiation, acting upstream of gdf6a. Together, this work has identified the nature and source of extraocular signals required to pattern the dorsal retina.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Cell Differentiation', 'DNA Primers', 'Ectoderm', 'Eye', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genotype', 'Growth Differentiation Factor 6', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Morphogenesis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pyrazoles', 'Pyrimidines', 'Retina', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 22,921,921
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['G04.152'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['A16.504.273'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.644.276.954.300.600', 'D12.776.467.942.300.600', 'D23.529.942.300.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['G07.345.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.742'], ['A09.371.729'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
[MADEsmart: a web-based system for accessing data and healthcare indicators].
|
Methods for accessing information have evolved making thus possible the planning of a new generation of web applications. In the Piemonte region, tools for accessing demographic data and main health and epidemiologic indicators are available since several years. A new application named MADEsmart (from the Italian for "Engine for demographic and epidemiological analysis") provides various functions that allow the user to obtain information useful for creating health reports and health profiles at the subregional level.
|
['Computer Systems', 'Databases, Factual', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Health Services', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Mortality', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care', 'Regional Health Planning', 'Software']
| 19,219,083
|
[['L01.224.230'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['N02.421'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760'], ['N03.349.650'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The economics of clinical genetics services. III. Cognitive genetics services are not self-supporting.
|
We investigated the amount of time required to provide, and the charges and reimbursement for, cognitive genetics services in four clinical settings. In a prenatal diagnostic center, a mean of 3 h/couple was required to provide counseling and follow-up services with a mean charge of $30/h and collection of $27/h. Only 49% of personnel costs were covered by income from patient charges. In a genetics clinic in a private specialty hospital, 5.5 and 2.75 h were required to provide cognitive services to each new and follow-up family, respectively. The mean charge for each new family was $25/h and for follow-up families $13/h. The amount collected was less than 25% of that charged. In a pediatric genetics clinic in a large teaching hospital, new families required a mean of 4 h and were charged $28/h; follow-up families also required a mean of 4 h, and were charged $15/h. Only 55% of the amounts charged were collected. Income from patient charges covered only 69% of personnel costs. In a genetics outreach setting, 5 and 4.5 h were required to serve new and follow-up families, respectively. Charges were $25/h and $12/h, and no monies were collected. In all clinic settings, less than one-half of the total service time was that of a physician, and more than one-half of the service time occurred before and after the clinic visit. In no clinic setting were cognitive genetics services self-supporting. Means to improve the financial base of cognitive genetics services include improving collections, increasing charges, developing fee schedules, providing services more efficiently, and seeking state, federal, and foundation support for services.
|
['Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Fees and Charges', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetics, Medical', 'Maryland', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 2,912,071
|
[['N03.219.151'], ['N03.219.442'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500', 'H02.403.350'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Strontium promotes cell proliferation and suppresses IL-6 expression in human PDL cells.
|
This study was designed to investigate the effect of strontium on human PDL cells in vitro. Strontium is used to treat osteoporosis because of its bone formation promoting effect on osteoblast cells. This investigation presents evidence that strontium promotes PDL cell proliferation. Simultaneously, strontium suppresses the expression of the inflammation-promoting cytokine IL-6. The observed effect of strontium on PDL cells supports its use it in guided dental tissue regeneration.
|
['Adolescent', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Osteoblasts', 'Periodontal Ligament', 'RNA', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Strontium']
| 22,051,238
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['E04.680.300.500', 'E06.645.410', 'E06.721.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.329.629'], ['A14.549.167.646.771'], ['D13.444.735'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D01.268.552.850', 'D01.268.556.825', 'D01.552.539.861', 'D01.552.544.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
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|
Hydraulic water permeability and transepithelial voltage in the isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule following acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.
|
Ureteral obstruction affects the kidney's ability to conserve water and sodium. Using the isolated perfused tubule technique, we studied cortical collecting tubules (CCT) taken from rabbits subjected to a sham operation or to 4 h of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubules were perfused in the presence of an osmotic gradient directed to promote water movement from lumen to bath, and volume flux (Jv), hydraulic water permeability (Lp), and transepithelial voltage (V1) were determined. In tubules from sham-operated and UUO animals, basal (before exposure to vasopressin) J, and Lp were not different from zero. After addition of 200 microU . ml-1 of arginine vasopressin (aVP) to the bath, Jv and Lp increased to 1.64 +/- 0.23 nl . mm-1 . min-1 and 127.9 +/- 19.8 cm . s-1 . atm-1 x 10(7), respectively, in tubules from sham-operated animals, but not only 0.27 +/- 0.09 nl . mm-1 . min-1 an 18.8 +/- 6.2 cm . s-1 . atm-1 . 10(7) in tubules from UUO animals. Pretreatment with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) or indomethacin in vivo did not prevent the blunted vasopressin response seen in tubules taken from UUO animals. The Jv and Lp responses to the cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogue, 8-Br-cAMP, were also diminished in tubules taken from UUO animals compared with shams. V1, measured during the basal period, was diminished in tubules from UUO kidneys (-5.0 +/- 2.1 mV) compared with shams (-21.9 +/- 4.1 mV), and pretreatment with DOCA did no prevent the effects of UUO on V1. In contrast, tubules taken from animals that received indomethacin prior to UUO developed voltages not different from voltages in tubules taken from sham-operated animals (-17.3 +/- 1.7 mV). We conclude that, although CCT from UUO animals can maintain osmotic gradients, their ability to respond to vasopressin by increasing Lp is impaired by an intrinsic defect located at a step beyond the generation of cAMP, and that prostaglandin inhibition or DOCA pretreatment do not reverse the decreased responsiveness of Lp to aVP. UUO also diminished V1, and this abnormality was prevented by previous treatment with indomethacin, suggesting that prostaglandins may mediate the effect of UUO on V1.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Animals', 'Bucladesine', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Female', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Kidney Tubules, Collecting', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Prostaglandins', 'Rabbits', 'Ureteral Obstruction', 'Vasopressins', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 2,981,250
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.510'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin I on neointima growth and cardiovascular hypertrophy.
|
The in vitro anti-hypertrophic and hyperplastic actions of des-aspartate-angiotensin I (DAA-I) on cultured cardiovascular cells have been demonstrated in earlier experiments. The present study investigated its effects on the development of neointima in balloon catheter-injured carotid artery of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and the development of cardiovascular hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Treatment with i.v. DAA-I for 14 days post-injury dose-dependently attenuated the development of neointima. The maximum effect was obtained at 34 pmol/kg/day. The data support the possibility that endogenous angiotensins could inhibit neointima growth. This opens up avenues for their therapeutic elevation in combating neointima-related restenosis of which current drugs are not fully effective in suppressing. Five-week-old pre-hypertensive SHR, when orally administered with a dose of 769 nmol/kg/day DAA-I for a duration of 47 weeks, showed significant reduction in the development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy compared to the untreated controls. Similar treatment with DAA-I had no effect on the Wistar Kyoto rats. The present findings support the contention that, besides angiotensin II, other endogenous angiotensins are also involved in the regulation and/or pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system.
|
['Angiotensin I', 'Angiotensin III', 'Animals', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hypertension', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Tunica Intima']
| 14,749,042
|
[['D06.472.699.094.075', 'D12.644.400.070.075', 'D12.644.456.073.021', 'D12.644.548.058.075', 'D12.776.631.650.070.075', 'D23.469.050.050.025'], ['D06.472.699.094.080', 'D12.644.400.070.080', 'D12.644.456.073.055', 'D12.644.548.058.080', 'D12.776.631.650.070.080', 'D23.469.050.050.075'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A07.015.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Platelet hyperactivation, apoptosis and hypercoagulability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
|
Changes in systemic redox balance can alter platelet activation and aggregation. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a systematic inflammatory disease associated with mechanical shear stress, increased thrombin, catecholamines, serotonin and hemolysis, which cumulatively can hyperactivate platelets and accelerate their turnover. We tested the hypothesis that platelets from patients with moderately severe PE will show hyperstimulation and a pre-apoptotic phenotype associated with microparticles (MPs) in plasma. Blood for platelet respiration and thromboelastography (TEG) was obtained at diagnosis and 24h later from patients (n=76) with image-proven PE, SBP>90mmHg and right ventricular dysfunction demonstrated by echocardiogram or elevated biomarkers. Controls (n=12) were healthy volunteers. At diagnosis, platelets from PE patients had significantly elevated baseline oxygen consumption compared with controls, explained primarily by accelerated electron transport and oxygen wasting with no measurable extramitochondrial oxygen consumption. On thromboelastography, unstimulated thrombin-independent maximum amplitude was increased with PE, 19±14.1 vs.10.5±7.8mm in controls (p=0.002). Compared with controls, platelets from PE patients showed elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with decreased mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein content and increased cytosolic cytochrome C, coincident with strong annexin V binding, P selectin release from lysed platelets and in plasma MPs compared to controls (p<0.05). These results show evidence of platelet hyperactivation and apoptosis in patients with acute PE, and provide preliminary theoretical basis for further exploration of platelet inhibition in patients with more severe PE.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Platelet Activation', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Thrombophilia']
| 28,528,289
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['C15.378.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Age-related differences in parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.
|
CONCLUSIONS: The statistically significant correlations between vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) parameters and age may be due to hair cell loss of the otolith organ and/or to degenerative changes of the vestibular neural pathway. These findings indicate that age should be taken into account when interpreting VEMP results. It is also important to determine a standard method for performing VEMP and a universal index for comparison among laboratories.OBJECTIVES: VEMP, which measures the surface electric potential from the cervical muscle evoked by sufficiently loud sounds, is a useful tool to evaluate vestibule-colic reflex function. We have assayed the effect of age on VEMP results.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: After excluding subjects with a previous history of dizziness, middle ear pathology, or other inner ear symptoms, a total of 97 healthy volunteers (194 ears) were included. All VEMP parameters were analyzed to find differences related to side and gender, as well as the relationship between age and each VEMP parameter.RESULTS: Age was correlated with all VEMP parameters. Latency of p13, n23 showed a negative correlation and amplitude of p13-n23 showed a positive correlation with age. Differences between the right and left sides were not significant.
|
['Acoustic Maculae', 'Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Child', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Neurons', 'Neck Muscles', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Vestibular Function Tests', 'Vestibular Nerve', 'Vestibular Nuclei']
| 17,851,962
|
[['A09.246.300.909.625.125'], ['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['A02.633.567.650'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.978.810'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['E01.370.382.900'], ['A08.800.800.120.910.900'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
pH Sensitive graft copolymers for zero order drug release: a mechanistic analysis.
|
Aliphatic polyesters containing pendent unsaturation were synthesized by the polycondensation of a diol, dicarboxylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate. Grafting methacrylic acid (MAA) resulted in graft copolymers containing polyester backbone and MAA grafts. Depending on composition, the polymers swelled extensively and eroded or dissolved at near neutral pH but remained in collapsed state at acidic pH. Three representative drugs differing in solubility, viz., Diltiazem hydrochloride (DH), Indomethacin (IM) and Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) were released at constant rate from tablets made by compressing spray-dried microparticles. The release of DH at constant rate has been attributed to increase in diffusion coefficient of the drug from the swollen layer of matrix. The release of IM and VH at constant rate was governed by erosion and was enhanced in matrices which undergo dissolution. The release rate was enhanced with increasing MAA content and the frequency of grafts along the polyester backbone. Once a day dosage forms for drugs differing in solubility have been developed using a single polymer matrix which is easy to manufacture.
|
['Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Dicarboxylic Acids', 'Diffusion', 'Diltiazem', 'Dosage Forms', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indomethacin', 'Methacrylates', 'Microspheres', 'Particle Size', 'Pharmacokinetics', 'Polyesters', 'Polymers', 'Solubility', 'Tablets', 'Verapamil']
| 22,118,221
|
[['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['D02.241.081.337'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D03.633.100.079.150'], ['D26.255', 'E05.916.250'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['G02.300'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['E07.565'], ['G02.712'], ['G03.787', 'G07.690.725'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G02.805'], ['D26.255.830'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tremor magnitude: a single index to assess writing and drawing in essential tremor.
|
Hand tremor often causes disability in patients with essential tremor (ET). Aim of the study was to investigate whether tremor magnitude, a new single quantitative score obtained from digital tablet recordings of writing and drawing, is able to adequately reflect disability in ET patients. Mean tremor magnitude values showed significant difference between 14 ET patients and 14 healthy age matched controls (p<0.0001). The tremor magnitude values showed significant correlation with standard methods of clinical assessment (p<0.01). We present tremor magnitude as an index that reflects disability resulting from tremor and can help to evaluate ET.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Essential Tremor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Writing']
| 16,793,316
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C10.228.662.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A qualitative study of perceptions of meaningful change in spinal muscular atrophy.
|
BACKGROUND: This qualitative study examined how individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), their caregivers, and clinicians defined meaningful change, primarily in the Type II and non-ambulant type III patient populations, associated with treatment of this condition. In addition, we explored participants' views about two measures of motor function routinely used in clinical trials for these SMA subtypes, namely the expanded version of the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (HFMSE) and the Upper Limb Module (ULM).METHODS: The 123 participants (21 with SMA, 64 parents, and 11 clinicians), recruited through SMA advocacy organizations, participated in one of 16 focus groups or 37 interviews. The sessions were audio-recorded, and verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.RESULTS: For the participants, meaningful change was relative to functional ability, and small changes in motor function could have an important impact on quality of life. Because patients and families feared progressive loss of functional ability, the participants saw maintenance of abilities as a meaningful outcome. They believed that measures of motor function covered important items, but worried that the HFMSE and ULM might not be sensitive enough to capture small changes. In addition, they felt that outcome measures should assess other important features of life with SMA, including the ability to perform daily activities, respiratory function, swallowing, fatigue, and endurance.CONCLUSIONS: Given the heterogeneity of SMA, it is important to expand the assessment of treatment effects to a broader range of outcomes using measures sensitive enough to detect small changes.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Muscular Atrophy, Spinal', 'Parents', 'Patient Reported Outcome Measures', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Life', 'Young Adult']
| 28,376,816
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C10.228.854.468', 'C10.574.562.500', 'C10.668.467.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.308.980.344.500', 'N03.349.380.210.750', 'N04.761.559.590.399.875', 'N05.425.210.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344.500', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399.875', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344.500'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PKIB promotes cell proliferation and the invasion-metastasis cascade through the PI3K/Akt pathway in NSCLC cells.
|
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer. Overgrowth of tumor cells usually results from the intensive proliferation of cancer cells, but the mechanisms by which the proliferation of cancer cells are promoted are currently unclear. Thus, it is necessary to determine the vital factors involved in regulating the growth of NSCLC. The MTT assay, BrdU assay, western blots, and migration and invasion assays were used in our study. Here, we found that PKIB (cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor-â), a novel molecular target, was up-regulated in NSCLC tissues compared with the normal tissues adjacent to the tumors. Moreover, overexpression of PKIB promoted cell proliferation and potentiated the invasion and migration in A549 cells, whereas knocking down PKIB gene expression inhibited the proliferation and attenuated the invasive behavior and metastasis in H1299 cells. However, all of these effects of PKIB on cell proliferation and metastasis were reduced by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our results indicate that PKIB promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in NSCLC, implying that this is an important underlying mechanism that affects the progression of NSCLC.
|
['A549 Cells', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction']
| 27,325,557
|
[['A11.251.210.190.080', 'A11.251.860.180.080', 'A11.436.054'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of Lateral Soft Tissue Release on Sesamoid Position in Hallux Valgus Surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: The effect of lateral soft tissue release (LSTR) regarding the position of the sesamoid is not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of LSTR by comparing the radiologic and clinical outcomes of operative treatment for hallux valgus with or without LSTR.METHODS: This study included a consecutive series of chevron osteotomy of 119 feet of 90 patients with symptomatic hallux valgus with incongruent first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Fifty-one feet underwent an operation with the LSTR procedure (LSTR group), and the remaining 68 feet underwent treatment without LSTR (control non-LSTR group). We evaluated the differences regarding the distance of the fibular sesamoid from the second metatarsal bone between these 2 groups to evaluate the effect of LSTR on sesamoid position. The tibial sesamoid position was also investigated to evaluate the degree of reduction of the metatarsal head to the sesamoids. The hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and distal metatarsal articulation angle were analyzed as radiologic outcomes. Additionally, the preoperative and final follow-up American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society hallux MTP-IP scores and complications were evaluated as clinical assessments. The mean follow-up period was 43.3 weeks (range = 12-144).RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the amount and direction of movement of the fibular sesamoid between the LSTR group and non-LSTR group (1.9 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively) (P = .23). The direction was close to the second metatarsal bone in both groups. The complication rate in the LSTR group was 7.8% (n = 4) and 2.9% (n = 2) in the non-LSTR group (P = .40).CONCLUSIONS: Although there were significantly improved clinical and radiologic outcomes after surgery, the LSTR procedure did not result in medial shift or reduction of the sesamoid position.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective case control study.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Hallux Valgus', 'Humans', 'Joint Capsule', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Male', 'Metatarsal Bones', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Osteotomy', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sesamoid Bones', 'Tendons', 'Young Adult']
| 26,208,509
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.330.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.443'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.492'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['E04.555.580'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.232.730'], ['A02.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factors affecting participation in Sure Start programmes: a qualitative investigation of parents' views.
|
The objectives of the present study were to examine the factors that parents identify as promoting or hindering participation in Sure Start programmes, and to identify methods for enhancing parents' engagement with Sure Start. A qualitative, in-depth interview study was conducted with parents registered with two local Sure Start programmes based in the East Midlands, UK, and located in inner city areas with a range of health and social problems associated with social exclusion and disadvantage. Sixty parents, guardians or carers of children living in both Sure Start areas were recruited during autumn of 2004 on the basis of whether they were identified as a 'frequent user' or 'non-frequent user' of Sure Start services. The data were analysed using a thematic approach supported by NVivo computer software, and explanatory themes were subsequently tested for completeness and adequacy. The results of the study indicated that parents who used Sure Start services were positive about the benefits that they obtained for themselves and their children, in particular in overcoming a sense of isolation. Parents who were non-frequent users identified a number of practical reasons that prevented them using Sure Start services, although parents also recognised a loss of confidence and trust in the local communities summarised in the phrase 'keeping myself to myself'. Parents' awareness of the targeted nature of Sure Start can also lead to stigma and reluctance to use services. It is concluded that continued investment of time and effort in maintaining communication networks between Sure Start staff and local parents is vital if parents and children are to make the best use of Sure Start services.
|
['Community Participation', 'Humans', 'Parents', 'Qualitative Research', 'Social Work', 'United Kingdom', 'Urban Population']
| 17,444,983
|
[['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.880.792', 'N02.421.849'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Energy consumption of paraplegic locomotion using reciprocating gait orthosis.
|
The energy cost of walking using a reciprocating gait orthosis (RGOII) with functional electrical stimulation (FES) was assessed in 14 patients with spastic complete paraplegia from six rehabilitation centres. Before and after training asing RGOII with FES, the subjects performed a progressive maximal test on an arm-crank ergometer to obtain their laboratory peak oxygen uptake (LVO2peak), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration changes. At the end of the training session, oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured during a walking test with orthosis at different speeds (6 min steady state at 0.1 m.s-1, followed by 2-min stages at progressively increasing speeds up to exhaustion). Of the subjects 4 repeated this test using orthosis without FES. At a speed of 0.1 m.s-1, VO2 represented 47 (SD 23)% of LVO2peak, mean HR was 137 (SD 21) beats.min-1 and mean blood lactate concentration 2.4. (SD 1.4) mmol.l-1. Maximal speed ranged from 0.23 to 0.5 m.s-1. At maximal speed, VO2 was 91 (SD 18)% of LVO2peak, mean HR reached 96 (SD 7)% and mean blood lactate concentration only 52 (SD 19)% of the maximal values measured during the laboratory test. Walking without electrical stimulation induced an increase in HR but there was no difference in VO2 and blood lactate compared to walking with stimulation. The training period did not result in any improvement in maximal physiological data. We concluded that the free cadence walking speed with orthosis remains much lower than that of able-bodied people or wheelchair users. The metabolic cost at a given speed is much higher even if, using a stimulation device, the cardiovascular stress is reduced.
|
['Adult', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Gait', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Locomotion', 'Orthotic Devices', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Paraplegia']
| 8,781,872
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G03.295'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['E07.858.442.743'], ['G03.680'], ['C10.597.622.669', 'C23.888.592.636.637']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A game of two? Gene expression analysis of brain (cyp19a1b) and gonadal (cyp19a1a) aromatase in females of a Neotropical cichlid fish through the parental care period and removal of the offspring.
|
For many species parental behavior is essential for the survival of the offspring. While the ultimate causes of teleost parental behavior have been widely studied, comparatively little is known about its proximate causes. The aim of this study was to analyze the yet unexplored, potential dual role of brain and gonadal aromatases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens in the brains and gonads of teleosts, respectively, on the different stages of the maternal care period of the biparental cichlid Cichlasoma dimerus, locally known as chanchita. By immunohistochemistry we analyzed the neural distribution of brain aromatase and observed it exclusively within the forebrain, including areas involved in the regulation of parental behavior. We next analyzed the gene expression of brain aromatase in the brain, and gonadal aromatase in the ovary, of female chanchitas through the parental care period. To further characterize the physiological environment associated to maternal care, we also evaluated sex steroid levels (17â-estradiol, testosterone and 11-ketotestoterone) and ovarian follicle percentage. The onset of parental behavior specifically downregulated sex steroids synthesis and the rate of ovarian maturation, as denoted by a more than 10-fold decrease in steroid levels and delayed detection of mature follicles in females with offspring, compared to females which eggs were removed. Gene expression levels of both aromatases were independent of maternal care at the evaluated time points, even though they varied during the parental care period.
|
['Animals', 'Aromatase', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Cichlids', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Fluorescence', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Male', 'Ovary', 'Reproduction', 'Testosterone', 'Tropical Climate']
| 28,797,804
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.489.500', 'D08.244.453.915.099', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.447.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.099', 'D12.776.422.220.453.489.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.099'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.200'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['G16.500.275.071.600', 'N06.230.300.100.250.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enantioselective degradation of metalaxyl in grape, tomato, and rice plants.
|
Enantioselective biodegradation of chiral pesticide metalaxyl in grape, tomato, and rice plants under field conditions were studied. Metalaxyl enantiomers were completely separated with a resolution (Rs) of 5.01 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on a cellulose tris (3-chloro-4-methyl phenyl carbamate) chiral column (Lux Cellulose-2). Metalaxyl enantiomers from matrixes were extracted by acetonitrile and purged using Cleanert Alumina-A solid phase extraction (SPE). The linearity, recovery, precision, sensitivity, and matrix effect of the method were assessed. The result showed that significant stereoselectivity occurred in grape, tomato, and rice plants. In grape, (+)-S-metalaxyl with a half-life of 5.5 d degraded faster than (-)-R-metalaxyl with that of 6.9 d, and the enantiomer fraction (EF) value reached 0.37 at 21 d. The same enantioselectivity was observed in tomato, and the half-life was 2.2 d for the S-enantiomer and 3.0 d for the R-enantiomer. The EF values decreased from 0.49 of 0 d to 0.26 of 14 d. On the other hand, a preferential degradation of the R-form was found in rice plants, with an EF value of 0.70 at 14 d, and the corresponding half-life was 2.3 d for the R-form and 2.8 d for the S-form.
|
['Acetonitriles', 'Alanine', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Half-Life', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Oryza', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Solid Phase Extraction', 'Vitis']
| 25,311,959
|
[['D02.626.080'], ['D12.125.042'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.155.800'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The function and operation of a parent support association.
|
The use of a parent support organisation and its responsibilities and limitations are described. The difference between a parent support organisation and an association of limb deficient children is discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Group Processes', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Limb Deformities, Congenital', 'Parents', 'Self-Help Groups']
| 1,923,722
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.829.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C05.660.585', 'C16.131.621.585'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['N03.540.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MR imaging of intraventricular cysticercosis.
|
Intraventricular cysticercosis cysts can migrate through the ventricular system and produce hydrocephalus. MR is more sensitive than CT in the detection of these cysts.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Diseases', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Cysticercosis', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male']
| 1,636,544
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['C01.610.335.190.902.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A longitudinal study of time trends in the eruption of permanent teeth in Danish children.
|
The purpose was: (1) to estimate mean eruption times of permanent teeth in Danish schoolchildren for the birth cohorts from 1969 to 1982; and (2) to determine any time trends in eruption. For teeth with a low proportion of aplasia, the distribution of the eruption time was close to normal. For teeth with a higher proportion of aplasia there was a slight deviation from the normal distribution in the right-hand part of the distribution. For erupted teeth, the time to eruption was, however, again very close to the normal distribution. A small, but statistically significant, increase in mean eruption times was found for both sexes and almost all teeth. Averaged over all teeth the increase was 1.5 days per year (95% CI: 0.9--2.2) for boys and 2.6 days per year (95% CI: 2.2--2.9) for girls.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Denmark', 'Dentition, Permanent', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Linear Models', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Tooth Eruption']
| 11,286,807
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['A14.549.167.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G10.549.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Determination of butyl- and phenyltin compounds in human urine by HS-SPME after derivatization with tetraethylborate and subsequent determination by capillary GC with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometric detection.
|
A headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method was developed and optimized for gas chromatographic separation and determination of commonly found organotin compounds in human urine after potential exposure. Butyl- and phenyltin compounds were in situ derivatized to ethylated derivatives by sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt(4)) directly in the urine matrix. The relevant parameters affecting the yield of the SPME procedure were examined using tetrabutyltin as internal standard. The method was optimized for direct use in the analysis of undiluted human urine samples and mono-, di- and tri-substituted butyl- and phenyltin compounds could be determined after a 15-min headspace extraction time at room temperature. The selectivity of the microwave-induced plasma atomic emission detector (MIP-AED) as an element specific detector in combination with the relatively selective sample preparation technique of HS-SPME allowed the interference-free detection of the organotin compounds in all cases. A quadrupole mass spectrometer was used in parallel experiments as a detector for the confirmation of the identity molecular structure of the eluted compounds. The performance characteristics of the developed method are given for the determination of mixtures of these compounds. Finally the proposed method was applied to the analysis of several human urine samples.
|
['Chromatography, Gas', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Organotin Compounds', 'Solid Phase Extraction']
| 19,203,626
|
[['E05.196.181.349'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.691.850'], ['E05.196.155.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies.
|
Autoantibodies, which are antibodies against self-antigens, are present in many disease states and can serve as markers for disease activity. The levels of autoantibodies to specific antigens are typically detected with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. However, screening for multiple autoantibodies with ELISA can be time-consuming and requires a large quantity of patient sample. The antigen microarray technique is an alternative method that can be used to screen for autoantibodies in a multiplex fashion. In this technique, antigens are arrayed onto specially coated microscope slides with a robotic microarrayer. The slides are probed with patient serum samples and subsequently fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies are added to detect binding of serum autoantibodies to the antigens. The autoantibody reactivities are revealed and quantified by scanning the slides with a scanner that can detect fluorescent signals. Here we describe methods to generate custom antigen microarrays. Our current arrays are printed with 9 solid pins and can include up to 162 antigens spotted in duplicate. The arrays can be easily customized by changing the antigens in the source plate that is used by the microarrayer. We have developed a two-color secondary antibody detection scheme that can distinguish IgG and IgM reactivities on the same slide surface. The detection system has been optimized to study binding of human and murine autoantibodies.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens', 'Autoantibodies', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Mice', 'Protein Array Analysis']
| 27,685,156
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.588.570.700', 'E05.601.680']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endothelial serotonin uptake and mediation of prostanoid secretion and stress fiber formation.
|
The kinetics of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] ) uptake by intimal and microvessel endothelial cells (ECs), in culture and in suspension, were investigated. The data suggest that although the amine is cleared rapidly by all types of ECs, the mode of uptake varies according to endothelial source. Confluent cultured aortic ECs clear exogenous 5-HT by a nonsaturable mechanism. Cardiac microvessel ECs also clear 5-HT by nonmediated diffusion, unlike pulmonary and adipose microvascular ECs, where a carrier-mediated mechanism exists. The action of 5-HT on prostanoid secretion and prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 [PGI2] ) on 5-HT uptake by primary cultures of confluent aortic ECs was assayed. In vitro 5-HT concentrations from 10(-3) to 10(-12) M have no effect on PGI2 and thromboxane (TxA2) synthesis by cultured primary aortic ECs. Exogenous PGI2, however, inhibits 5-HT uptake by cultured primary aortic ECs. Last, 5-HT stimulates stress fibers as much as 80%, and increases surface area by 40% in cultured ECs. The agonistic action of 5-HT appears to be receptor mediated in that it can be blocked by pretreating the ECs with ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor blocker. Prostanoids also mediate stress fiber numbers, and substances known to increase permeability such as TxA2 also cause a disassembly of stress fibers. We hypothesize that 5-HT and PGI2, by some mechanism yet to be explained, directly and/or indirectly help to maintain endothelial structural integrity by promoting stress fiber formation.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Capillaries', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium', 'Epoprostenol', 'Kinetics', 'Rats', 'Serotonin', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Thromboxanes']
| 3,891,416
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.800', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.800'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity in soluble thyrotropin receptor complex.
|
cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity was present in a soluble TSH receptor fraction. The Km of this enzyme was 2.2 X 10(-6) M for casein substrate in the absence or presence of 10(-5) M cAMP. A [3H]cAMP-binding protein was also found in this fraction. The Ka for [3H]cAMP-binding was 0.11 X 10(6) M-1, with a total binding capacity of 3 nmol/mg protein. After fractionation using a continuous sucrose density gradient, one of the several [125I]iodobovine TSH-binding peaks corresponded to a [3H]cAMP-binding peak. After fractionation on a sucrose density gradient containing 0.4 M NaCl at pH 6.5, a major peak of protein kinase activity was shown. This protein kinase activity was stimulated by adding 10(-5) M cAMP. A peak of [3H]cAMP-binding activity corresponded to the same peak. Protein kinase activity in the receptor fraction was stimulated by adding 6 mg/ml bovine TSH. The soluble TSH receptor fraction also has an adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by TSH. These results suggest that some TSH receptors released from thyroid plasma membranes have associated adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. The receptor, cyclase, and kinase activities may exist in a functional primary receptor unit which is spontaneously released from plasma membranes.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Kinetics', 'Protein Kinases', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Cyclic AMP', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyrotropin']
| 221,190
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[High altitude acute pulmonary edema (author's transl)].
|
HAAPE has been recognised only recently but is of real interest as much from the clinical as well as the dogmatic stand-point owing to the complexity of its physiopathological findings. It is encountered at altitudes higher than 4,000 meters either during a first contact or in natives returning from low altitude zones. There is an individual or even racial susceptibility.
|
['Altitude', 'Altitude Sickness', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Pulmonary Edema']
| 9,854
|
[['G16.500.275.058', 'N06.230.058'], ['C08.618.020'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['C08.381.742']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bronchial challenge testing in occupational epidemiology: is the diluent step really necessary?
|
BACKGROUND: There is no unanimous agreement on the use of a diluent step to preface methacholine challenge testing. The "pros" for this step are that it allows a better training of the patient; the "cons" are that it requires additional time and effort.OBJECTIVE: We examined if there were any systematic effects when either the baseline or postdiluent (saline) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was used to define the reactivity status.METHODS: All methacholine challenge tests performed during a 1-year period by a group of occupationally exposed workers (n = 183) were examined.RESULTS: The mean percentage change in FEV1 from baseline to postsaline was -1.44 (+/- 3.47)% and the mean absolute change was -0.043 (+/- 0.11) L (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The maximum decrease and increase in FEV1 from baseline were -12.7% and +10.9%, respectively. Three subjects had a fall in FEV1 after saline of 10% or more and were not given methacholine. From the remaining 180 subjects, 172 were equally classified as reactors (n = 67) or nonreactors (n = 105), both by baseline FEV1 and postsaline FEV1. Eight subjects were classified as reactors by baseline FEV1 but as nonreactors by saline FEV1. In these subjects, the average FEV1 dropped 4.9% from baseline to saline and 17.3% from saline to end-test; thus, the total FEV1 drop (22.5%) exceeded the 20% required for the test to be positive. Among reactors, no relationship was found between the response to saline and the subsequent response to methacholine (r = 0.13).CONCLUSIONS: Our data did not provide evidence to support the compulsory use of a diluent step when measuring bronchial responsiveness in populations. In general, the diluent step added time and expense to the test and, on occasion, forced a greater absolute drop in FEV1 than is needed to demonstrate bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
|
['Adult', 'Bronchi', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Occupational Exposure']
| 12,141,715
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A04.411.125'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ceftazidime versus aminoglycoside and (ureido)penicillin combination in the empirical treatment of serious infection.
|
Urgent treatment of serious infections with broad spectrum antibiotics usually starts before bacteriological evidence of the infective organism(s) becomes available. In this study 471 patients with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis were treated empirically with ceftazidime (CAZ) monotherapy (249 patients), or with an aminoglycoside+(ureido)penicillin combination (AG+PEN) (222 patients) to establish clinical outcome and bacteriological response. Up to 72 h post-treatment 94.5% of patients in the CAZ group and 93.8% in the AG+PEN group were treated successfully (treatment difference 0.7%, P < 0.01, 95% confidence interval -3.8%, 5.2%); 2-4 weeks after treatment neither regimen proved clinically superior. The differences in bacteriological response up to 72 h, and at 2-4 weeks after treatment, were 5.6% and 12.4% in favour of CAZ, however, these were not statistically significant. Overall, 56 patients reported 72 adverse events in the CAZ group, compared with 33 patients reporting 41 adverse events in the AG+PEN group. Deaths, 40 on CAZ and 21 on AG+PEN, were mainly related to their underlying condition. The two regimens were shown to be clinically equivalent in seriously ill patients treated empirically.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aminoglycosides', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Ceftazidime', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Penicillins', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 1,433,118
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.408.051'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.210.150', 'D02.886.665.074.210.150', 'D03.633.100.300.249.210.150'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A multistaged automatic restoration of noisy microscopy cell images.
|
Automated cell segmentation for microscopy cell images has recently become an initial step for further image analysis in cell biology. However, microscopy cell images are easily degraded by noise during the readout procedure via optical-electronic imaging systems. Such noise degradations result in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and poor image quality for cell identification. In order to improve SNR for subsequent segmentation and image-based quantitative analysis, the commonly used state-of-art restoration techniques are applied but few of them are suitable for corrupted microscopy cell images. In this paper, we propose a multistaged method based on a novel integration of trend surface analysis, quantile-quantile plot, bootstrapping, and the Gaussian spatial kernel for the restoration of noisy microscopy cell images. We show this multistaged approach achieves higher performance compared with other state-of-art restoration techniques in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and structure similarity in synthetic noise experiments. This paper also reports an experiment on real noisy microscopy data which demonstrated the advantages of the proposed restoration method for improving segmentation performance.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Cell Tracking', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Yeasts']
| 25,291,801
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.373', 'E01.370.350.557.500', 'E05.200.500.373', 'E05.242.373'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['B01.300.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Estimates of cancer burden in Lazio.
|
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Since 1983 a population-based cancer registry has been operating in Lazio which provides incidence and survival data and covers the entire Latina province, amounting to 10% of the regional population. The aim of this paper is to provide estimates of the incidence, mortality and prevalence for seven major cancers in the Lazio region for the period 1970-2015.METHODS: The estimates were obtained by applying the MIAMOD method, a statistical back-calculation approach to derive incidence and prevalence figures starting from mortality and relative survival data. Survival was modeled on the basis of published data from the Italian cancer registries.RESULTS: In 2012 the most frequent cancer sites were breast, colon-rectum and prostate with 5,529, 5,315 and 4,759 new diagnosed cases, respectively. The cancers with increasing incidence trends were breast cancer, lung cancer and skin melanoma in women, and prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma in men. The incidence rates of uterine cervix and stomach cancer decreased. The male lung cancer rates increased, reaching a peak in the late 1980s, and then decreased. Prevalence increased for all the considered cancers except cervix cancer. In 2012 breast, colorectal and prostate cancer had the highest prevalence, with 68,239, 36,617 and 33,934 prevalent cases, respectively. In the final period of the study the mortality declined for all cancers except female lung cancer. In 2012, the highest mortality rates were estimated for lung cancer in both men and women, with 89 and 40 deaths per 100,000, respectively.CONCLUSION: These estimates give a useful description of the present and future cancer patterns in the Lazio region. Incidence, mortality and prevalence projections provide new information for health resource planning. Furthermore, they point to the need to reinforce the organized screening programs, especially for breast and colorectal cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Cost of Illness', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Italy', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Prevalence', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Registries', 'Sex Distribution', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 24,158,065
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Mathematical model of light diffraction on red blood cells].
|
Mathematical model diffraction of laser radiation on red blood smear for population erythrocytes with their normal distribution according to sizes is presented. It was shown during normal distribution of erythrocytes according to sizes that the first maximal pattern diffraction case does not correspond to the medium diameters, as it is given in literature. It was established that the depth of the first maximum is changed depending on the dispersion value according to sizes.
|
['Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 3,191,174
|
[['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Methodological issues related to longitudinal epidemiological assessment of developmental trajectories in children.
|
This supplement presents some of the methodological issues that arose during the early phases of protocol development for the National Children's Study (NCS), a probability sample of 100,000 children that will be followed prospectively from pregnancy through 21 years of age, and to share some of the challenges and solutions that were discussed. These papers on motor, social/emotional, psychiatric and neurocognitive/behavioural development do not define the protocol of the NCS, but reflect methodology related to the design of research and assessment of developmental trajectories in children that may be useful to other epidemiologists planning similar longitudinal studies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Development', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Parents']
| 19,098,135
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.525.049', 'G07.345.374.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F03.625.421'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Human heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein as a point-of-care test in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
|
BACKGROUND: At very early stages of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), highly sensitive biomarkers are still lacking.AIM: To evaluate the utility of human heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) for early diagnosis of AMI.DESIGN: Prospective diagnostic study.METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain or dyspnoea within 24 h of symptom onset were included. At presentation, the h-FABP test result was compared to the standard diagnostic work-up, including repeated ECG and troponin T measurements. Sensitivity analysis was performed for inconclusive tests.RESULTS: We enrolled 280 patients presenting to hospital with a median symptom onset of 3 h (IQR 2-6 h): 109 (39%) had AMI. At presentation, h-FABP had a sensitivity of 69% (95%CI 59-77) and specificity of 74% (95%CI 66-80); 45 tests were false-positive and 34 were false-negative. Omitting inconclusive tests increased sensitivity and specificity only slightly. AMI was identified significantly earlier by h-FABP than by troponin T (24 vs. 8 patients, p=0.005).DISCUSSION: Although h-FABP can help to detect myocardial damage at an early stage in patients with chest pain or dyspnoea, it appears unsuitable as a stand-alone test for ruling out AMI.
|
['Early Diagnosis', 'Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Predictive Value of Tests']
| 17,347,171
|
[['E01.390'], ['D12.776.157.170.125'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Digital anaesthesia: one injection or two?
|
BACKGROUND: Digital nerve blocks (DNB) are performed frequently in the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this study was to establish whether single injection subcutaneous digital nerve block (SDNB) is as effective as the traditional (two injection) digital nerve block (TDNB) for digital anaesthesia.METHOD: Single blinded, prospective, randomised-controlled multicentre trial within Hampshire EDs. Patients > or = 16 years attending the ED with fingertip injuries/infections (distal to the distal-interphalangeal joint) requiring a DNB were randomised to SDNB/TDNB groups. Outcome measures were: primary - successful anaesthesia; secondary - patient distress, clinician satisfaction (CS), complications.RESULTS: 76 patients were randomised. (37 received SDNB). At 5 min, more patients in the SDNB group (28/37, 76%) were adequately anaesthetised than in the TDNB group, (22/34, 65%). At 10 min, 33/37 (89%) of the SDNB group compared to 28/34 (82%) of the TDNB group were adequately anaesthetised. The mean (SD) of self-reported distress scores for the SDNB group were lower than those reported for the TDNB group, whereas the mean (SD) of CS scores for SDNB were higher than those reported for TDNB. Neither group reported complications from anaesthesia.CONCLUSIONS: SDNB is as effective as TDNB. Outcome measures favoured SDNB, but only CS scores achieved statistical significance. Trial recruitment is much slower than anticipated. However, clinical practice has demonstrated that SDNB works and practice is already changing within the Hampshire region, with some departments adopting SDNB as standard practice. Therefore, the results are being presented now to allow clinicians to make an informed choice. Our results may also contribute to future metanalyses.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'England', 'Finger Injuries', 'Fingers', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Nerve Block', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 20,360,491
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['C26.448.429'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ag/g-C3N4 catalyst with superior catalytic performance for the degradation of dyes: a borohydride-generated superoxide radical approach.
|
A straightforward approach is developed for fabrication of a visible-light-driven Ag/g-C3N4 catalyst. Morphological observation shows that the g-C3N4 sheets are decorated with highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles having an average size of 5.6 nm. The photocatalytic activity measurements demonstrate that the photocatalytic degradation rates of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and neutral dark yellow GL (NDY-GL) over Ag/g-C3N4-4 can reach up to 98.2, 99.3 and 99.6% in the presence of borohydride ions (BH4(-)) only with 8, 45, and 16 min visible light irradiation, respectively. The significant enhancement in photoactivity of the catalyst is mainly attributed to the high dispersity and smaller size of Ag nanoparticles, the strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of metallic Ag nanoparticles, the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, the additional superoxide radicals (O) generated from the reduction of dissolved oxygen in the presence of BH4(-) and the synergistic effect of Ag nanoparticles and g-C3N4.
|
['Borohydrides', 'Coloring Agents', 'Nanostructures', 'Nitriles', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Silver', 'Superoxides', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 26,220,662
|
[['D01.132.105.050', 'D02.203.087.050'], ['D27.720.233'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D02.626'], ['G02.740'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The use of bioluminescence to evaluate the influence of chemotherapeutic drugs on ATP-levels of malignant cell lines.
|
Influence of various cytostatic agents on intracellular ATP concentrations of malignant cell lines was studied. The HL-60 promyelocytic cell line, the SW-480 cell line, derived from an adenocarcinoma of the colon and the SW-620 cell line, derived from a lymphonodal metastasis of the colon carcinoma, were investigated. Cell lines were incubated with cytostatic agents and changes in intracellular ATP concentrations were measured after various incubation times by means of bioluminescence. A marked fall in intracellular ATP concentrations was observed, when HL-60 cells were incubated with drugs used in clinical protocols for treatment of acute leukaemia (daunorubicin, vinblastine, vincristine), whereas only a slight decrease of ATP concentrations was measured after incubation with bleomycin, dacarbazin and prednisolone. The decrease in intracellular ATP concentrations of SW-480 and SW-620 cells was much less pronounced after incubation with cytostatic agents compared to the HL-60 cells. This is in accordance with the clinical experience of the known resistance of colon carcinoma against cytostatic agents. Dose-response curves were obtained for the single cytostatic agents. Comparison of intracellular ATP concentrations and cell viability as determined by the trypan blue and eosin dye exclusion test showed that the trypan blue dye exclusion test underestimated cell kill compared to the eosin dye exclusion test and the bioluminescence assay.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Neoplasms']
| 3,734,700
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['C04']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The roles of tissue nitrate reductase activity and myoglobin in securing nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp.
|
In mammals, treatment with low doses of nitrite has a cytoprotective effect in ischemia/reperfusion events, as a result of nitric oxide formation and S-nitrosation of proteins. Interestingly, anoxia-tolerant lower vertebrates possess an intrinsic ability to increase intracellular nitrite concentration during anoxia in tissues with high myoglobin and mitochondria content, such as the heart. Here, we tested the hypothesis that red and white skeletal muscles develop different nitrite levels in crucian carp exposed to deep hypoxia and assessed whether this correlates with myoglobin concentration. We also tested whether liver, muscle and heart tissue possess nitrate reductase activity that supplies nitrite to the tissues during severe hypoxia. Crucian carp exposed to deep hypoxia (1<PO2 <3 mmHg) for 1 day increased nitrite in red musculature to more than double the value in normoxic fish, while nitrite was unchanged in white musculature. There was a highly significant positive correlation between tissue concentrations of nitrite and nitros(yl)ated compounds. Myoglobin levels were 7 times higher in red than in white musculature, but there was no clear correlation between nitrite and myoglobin levels. Finally, we found a low but significant nitrate reductase activity in liver and white muscle, but not in cardiomyocytes. Nitrate reduction was inhibited by allopurinol, showing that it was partly catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase.
|
['Allopurinol', 'Animals', 'Carps', 'Female', 'Hypoxia', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Metabolome', 'Muscles', 'Myocardium', 'Myoglobin', 'Nitrate Reductases', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitrites', 'Organ Specificity']
| 27,742,892
|
[['D03.633.100.759.160'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['A03.620'], ['G03.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['D08.811.682.655.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['G07.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrastructure of the human myocardium after intermittent ischemia compared to cardioplegia.
|
A lot of reports informed about the detrimental effects of intermittent ischemia nevertheless this method is still used during coronary surgery. We investigated the myocardial protection due to cardioplegic arrest compared to intermittent ischemia in 120 patients undergoing coronary surgery. In all patients we took myocardial biopsies from the left ventricle before and after ischemia. Electron microscopic studies of all biopsies were performed and the degree of ultrastructural alteration was determined. The ischemic period in the cardioplegic group was 61 +/- 15 minutes and in the group with intermittent ischemia the total ischemic time was 45 +/- 21 minutes. After ischemia the myocardium showed most time only damage of moderate or light degree, while after intermittent ischemia the most biopsies showed severe ultrastructural damage. From our results we conclude, that intermittent ischemia is unable to protect the myocardium in a sufficient amount and should therefore no longer be used as a method of myocardial protection.
|
['Biopsy', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Myocardium', 'Ventricular Fibrillation']
| 3,751,725
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['C14.280.067.922', 'C23.550.073.922']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Noise-induced hearing loss with chronic otitis media (author's transl)].
|
Two different otological noxes add up in their effect. In some cases, however, the first one may cause a reduction of the noxious effect of the second one. Opinions are divided as to whether the susceptibility to noise of an ear with chronic otitis media is increased or decreased. From 14,300 audiograms we selected those 131 cases with unilateral chronic otitis media and, at the same time, with a typical noise-induced recruitment-positive c5-dip on the other side. There were 86 cases with larger bone conduction hearing loss on the ear with chronic otitis media. In these cases, the bone conduction hearing loss, by all differential diagnostic criteria, could be judged to be caused by the chronic otitis media. On the other hand, in all those 45 cases which, on the side with chronic otitis media, had a bone conduction loss in form of a c5-dip, this was in each single case less pronounced than on the other ear. Regarding the susceptibility to noise, the reduction of sound intensity by the conductive deafness seems to be more important than noxious effects of the chronic otitis. Generally a substantial bone conduction hearing loss with chronic otitis media and noise exposure should be attributed to effects of the otitis.
|
['Adult', 'Audiometry', 'Bone Conduction', 'Chronic Disease', 'Deafness', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Otitis Media', 'Recruitment, Neurophysiological', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 129,650
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['F02.830.816.263.500', 'G07.888.500.500', 'G11.561.790.263.398'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C09.218.458.341.186', 'C10.597.751.418.341.186', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.186'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['G07.265.753.760', 'G11.561.601.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Benefits play key role in recruiting nurses.
|
The nursing shortage has led healthcare organizations to expand their recruiting efforts, notably by developing attractive employee benefit packages. A variety of cash and noncash incentives can be used to attract nurses, from bonuses and educational loans to free parking and child care. Financial managers should carefully review these benefits to determine their costs to employers and their tax consequences for employees.
|
['Employee Incentive Plans', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Personnel Management', 'Personnel Selection', 'Salaries and Fringe Benefits', 'United States']
| 10,294,620
|
[['N04.452.677.368'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['N04.452.677'], ['N04.452.677.500'], ['N01.824.417.700', 'N04.452.677.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Defective phototransductive disk membrane morphogenesis in transgenic mice expressing opsin with a mutated N-terminal domain.
|
Retinitis pigmentosa is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal disorders in which the photoreceptor cells degenerate. A line of transgenic mice expresses a mutant opsin gene that encodes three missense mutations near the amino terminus, including P23H, which is the basis for a common form of dominant retinitis pigmentosa. By studying the photoreceptor cells of these mice and their normal littermates, we found that: (1) opsin was routed correctly, (2) the concentration of opsin in the disk membranes appeared normal by freeze fracture analysis, (3) the amount of disk membrane shedding was normal, but (4) the basal disks of the outer segments were disorganized, indicating defective disk membrane morphogenesis. Defective disk membrane morphogenesis appears to result in the formation of fewer mature disks, thus accounting for observed gradual shortening of the photoreceptor outer segments with age. We suggest that abnormal disk membrane morphogenesis is the primary cellular defect that leads to blindness, and that it arises from the inability of nascent disk membranes, containing normal and mutant opsin, to interact normally with each other.
|
['Animals', 'Cryoultramicrotomy', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Morphogenesis', 'Mutagenesis', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Rod Opsins', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 9,372,448
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.530.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.530.160', 'E05.200.500.620.530.160', 'E05.200.750.600.530.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G07.345.500'], ['G05.558'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['D12.776.306.466.500', 'D23.767.930.750.500'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Speech recognition ability as a function of duration of deafness in multichannel cochlear implant patients.
|
Surgical implantation of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis has become a widespread treatment for profound hearing loss. The relationship between duration of hearing loss and speech recognition ability was examined in 20 postlinguistically deafened adults using the Nucleus 22-Channel Cochlear Prosthesis. Data analysis indicated statistically significant negative correlations between duration of profound hearing loss and postoperative performance on the Central Institute for the Deaf Everyday Sentence Test and the Northwestern University Monosyllabic Word Test (NU-6). Age at implantation and age at onset of profound hearing loss were not found to be significantly correlated with performance on the two measures. These findings are discussed in terms of patient counseling and prediction of potential benefit to the patient.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Deafness', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Regression Analysis', 'Speech Discrimination Tests', 'Speech Perception', 'Time Factors']
| 2,308,444
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['C09.218.458.341.186', 'C10.597.751.418.341.186', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.060.750'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antibacterial and dermal toxicological profiles of ethyl acetate extract from Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae).
|
BACKGROUND: The emergence in recent years of numerous resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria to a range of formerly efficient antibiotics constitutes a serious threat to public health. Crassocephalum bauchiense, a medicinal herb found in the West Region of Cameroon is used to treat gastrointestinal infections as well as liver disorders. The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of C. bauchiense was evaluated for its antibacterial activity as well as acute and sub-acute toxicities.METHODS: The plant extract was prepared by maceration in ethyl acetate. Its phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity. The in vivo antibacterial activity of a gel formulation (0.05, 1 and 2% w/v) of this extract was evaluated using a Staphylococcus aureus-induced dermatitis in a murine model. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the dermal sub-acute toxicity of the extract in rats.RESULTS: Phytochemical screening of the C. bauchiense extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins and sterols. In vitro antibacterial activities were observed against all the tested microorganisms (MIC = 0.04-6.25 mg/ml). Formulated extract-gel (2% w/v) and gentamycin (reference drug) eradicated the microbial infection after five days of treatment. A single dermal dose of this extract up to 32 g/kg body weight (bw) did not produce any visible sign of toxicity. Also, daily dermal application of the C. bauchiense extract gel formulation for 28 days did not show any negative effect, instead some biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT and AST), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides were significantly (p < 0.05) affected positively.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the C. bauchiense ethyl acetate extract can be used safely for the treatment of some bacterial infections.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Asteraceae', 'Dermatitis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gentamicins', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Skin', 'Staphylococcal Skin Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Transaminases']
| 21,615,960
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100'], ['C17.800.174'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['D10'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A17.815'], ['C01.150.252.410.868.951', 'C01.150.252.819.770', 'C01.800.720.770', 'C17.800.838.765.770'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D08.811.913.477.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flavin-containing monooxygenase isoform 2: developmental expression in fetal and neonatal rabbit lung.
|
Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenase functions in the oxygenation of numerous xenobiotics containing a soft nucleophile, usually a nitrogen or sulfur. A total of five distinct flavin monooxygenase (FMO) isoforms are expressed in mammals. Individual isoforms are expressed in a sex-, age-, and tissue-specific fashion. In this study, we document the early developmental appearance of the major isoform in rabbit lung, FMO2. FMO2 catalytic activity as well as protein and mRNA are not only present in fetal and neonatal lung but, in some instances, approach levels found in the adult. The expression pattern of FMO2 is similar to that of the two major constitutive cytochromes P450 found in rabbit lung, 2B4 and 4B1. The early developmental appearance of these monooxygenases indicate an important role in the protection of the fetus and neonate against toxic insult from foreign chemicals.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Catalysis', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lung', 'Oxygenases', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Steroid Hydroxylases']
| 10,098,904
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['G02.130'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A04.411'], ['D08.811.682.690'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D08.244.453.915', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paradoxical Increase in Mortality and Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms in Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase Type 1-Deficient Mice: Attenuation by Aspirin.
|
BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Expression of microsomal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthase type 1 (mPGES-1) is increased in the wall of intracranial aneurysms in humans. PGE2, a by-product of mPGES-1, is associated with inflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction.OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that deletion of mPGES-1 decreases the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms in a murine model.METHODS: Intracranial aneurysms were induced in wild-type and mPGES-1 knockout (mPGES-1 KO) mice by using a combination of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and intracranial injection of elastase in the basal cistern. Prevalence of aneurysms, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and mortality were assessed. We also tested the effects of administration of aspirin (6 mg/kg/d) by gavage and PGE2 (1 mg/kg/d) by subcutaneous infusion.RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure and prevalence of aneurysm were similar in wild-type and mPGES-1 KO mice. However, mortality and the prevalence of subarachnoid hemorrhage were markedly increased in mPGES-1 KO mice (P < .05). Bone marrow reconstitution studies suggest that mPGES-1 derived from leukocytes does not appear to increase rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Aspirin, but not PGE2, attenuated the increased mortality in mPGES-1 KO mice (P < .05).CONCLUSION: Vascular mPGES-1 plays a protective role in blood vessels and attenuates rupture of cerebral aneurysms. In contrast to effects on abdominal aneurysms, mPGES-1 deficiency is associated with an increase in rupture of cerebral aneurysms and mortality, which are attenuated by low-dose aspirin.
|
['Aneurysm, Ruptured', 'Animals', 'Aspirin', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Intramolecular Oxidoreductases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microsomes', 'Mortality', 'Prostaglandin-E Synthases']
| 26,134,597
|
[['C14.907.055.185'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['D08.811.399.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['D08.811.399.475.600']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio for identification of subclinical cardiovascular risk in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
|
BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk for CV morbidity. However, the measure of obesity that best predicts CV risk has not been established.OBJECTIVE: A prospective, controlled study was conducted to compare the ability of BMI, WC, and WHr to identify CV risk in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.METHODS: Transplant recipients, aged 3-20 years, had echocardiogram, CIMT, BMI, WC, WHr, blood pressure, lipids, and leptin measured. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the ability of BMI, WC, and WHr to detect a composite adverse CV outcome. Presence of the composite outcome was defined by ?3 of the following five criteria: (a) LVH, (b) high CIMT, (c) impaired myocardial strain, (d) dyslipidemia, and/or (e) hypertension. Multivariate analysis was conducted by generalized estimating equation regression.RESULTS: We analyzed 108 visits of 42 transplant recipients. Prevalence of obesity by WHr (43.5%) was higher than BMI (24.1%) and WC (12.0%). Proportion of WHr-obese who met criteria for the adverse CV outcome was higher (62.2%) than BMI (34.6%) and WC-obese (33.3%). Leptin levels were higher in children with obesity. Area under the ROC curve for WHr-obese (0.77) was higher compared to BMI (0.47) and WC (0.48) to detect the CV outcome, P = 0.0006. WHr-obesity was associated with 5.72 increased odds of having the adverse CV outcome, P = 0.0001, while BMI and WC were not significant.CONCLUSION: WHr is more sensitive than BMI or WC to detect subclinical CV risk and should be included in screening of pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Obesity', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Factors', 'Transplant Recipients', 'Waist Circumference', 'Waist-Height Ratio', 'Young Adult']
| 30,294,896
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C14'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.925'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.780', 'E05.041.124.160.937'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Pulsating nasopharyngeal tumor. Case report of spheno-pharyngeal cephalocele].
|
We describe a patient with a pulsatile nasopharyngeal tumour. The diagnostic methods such as endoscopy, computed tomography and NMR are illustrated as well as the anatomical details of encephaloceles. Correct diagnosis prevents complications which can occur as a result of mistaking this lesion for a cyst or adenoids.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Encephalocele', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Paranasal Sinus Diseases', 'Pharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Sphenoid Sinus', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 3,744,917
|
[['E01.171'], ['C10.500.680.488', 'C16.131.666.680.488', 'C23.300.707.186'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.460.692', 'C09.603.692'], ['C04.588.443.665.710', 'C07.550.745', 'C09.647.710', 'C09.775.549'], ['A04.531.621.827'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Laparoscopic treatment of large intestinal injuries during colonoscopy].
|
Iatrogenic colonic perforation is a rare, but a serious complication of colonoscopy. Incidence varies in between 0.03-3%. Symptoms of injury are strong abdominal pain in relation to colonoscopic examination and pneumoperitoneum on radiologic findings. Laparoscopic approach allows accurate diagnosis and definitive surgical treatment.
|
['Colon', 'Colonoscopy', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 21,634,097
|
[['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of opioid peptides on learning and memory processes in the chick.
|
Several experiments were conducted to examine the effects of intracranial injection of opioid peptides and antagonists on learning and memory in the chick. Pretraining injection of [leu5]enkephalin and the selective delta receptor agonist [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin (DPLPE) into the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) produced impairment. ICI 174,864, a delta-selective antagonist, reversed the impairment produced by either [leu5]enkephalin or DPLE, results indicating that delta receptors may play a role in learning in the chick and suggesting that the impairment produced by [leu5]enkephalin is mediated through delta opioid receptors. beta-endorphin produced a naloxone-reversible impairment in performance, which suggests that this impairment is mediated by opioid receptors. Bilateral injection of beta-endorphin into the IMHV produced impairment, as did unilateral injection into the right, but not left, IMHV. Only bilateral injections into IMHV of [leu5]enkephalin were effective. These results suggest that the effects of beta-endorphin are centrally mediated whereas the effects of [leu5]enkephalin may be localized to other brain regions or are peripherally mediated. These initial results suggest that opioids are associated with learning and memory in the chick.
|
['Animals', 'Attention', 'Brain Mapping', 'Chickens', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endorphins', 'Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-', 'Enkephalin, Leucine', 'Enkephalins', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Naloxone', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Receptors, Opioid, delta', 'Visual Cortex', 'beta-Endorphin']
| 2,539,840
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.644.400.575.241', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.600', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.600'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.231', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.231'], ['D12.644.400.575.281', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.239', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.239', 'D12.644.400.400.935.239', 'D12.644.400.575.241.080', 'D12.644.548.365.935.239', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.239', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.239', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241.080']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure in early pregnancy and preterm birth in singleton pregnancies: a prospective cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth (PTB, < 37 completed weeks' gestation) is one of the global public health concerns. Epidemiologic evidence on the potential impact of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on PTB is still limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and PTB among singleton live births.METHODS: We studied 2849 mother-infant pairs in the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) from 2013 to 2016. Ten PFAS in maternal plasma in early pregnancy (gestational age, median (interquartile range): 15 (13-16) weeks) were measured. Primary outcomes were duration of gestation, PTB, spontaneous PTB and clinically indicated PTB. A linear regression model was used to assess the associations between ln-transformed PFAS and duration of gestation (in weeks). Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the relative risks of these outcomes.RESULTS: The incidence of overall PTB was 4.8% (95% confidence limit: 4.0-5.6%, n = 136) in this study population. In the linear regression analyses, PFAS were not associated with the duration of gestation after controlling for potential confounders. In the multiple logistic models, no significant associations were observed between PFAS and overall PTB, spontaneous or indicated PTB.CONCLUSION: In this prospective cohort study, we did not observe significant associations between maternal plasma PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy and gestational length, overall PTB, spontaneous or indicated PTB.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Cities', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Female', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Pregnancy', 'Premature Birth', 'Young Adult']
| 32,493,312
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Expensive therapies in children: benefit versus cost of combined treatment of recombinant human growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue in girls with poor height potential.
|
OBJECTIVE: The combination therapy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used to increase growth in children with premature sexual maturation and attenuated growth. The aim of this report was to study the benefit over cost of combined treatment in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and poor height prognosis and in girls with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and early puberty. Should this expensive treatment be given to such patients?SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two patient groups were included: five girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) who reached final height (FH) at 16.3±1.2 years and eight girls with ISS who reached FH at 14.7±0.8 years. Patients were treated for 3.5±0.6 years.RESULTS: In both groups, FH improved significantly; in CPP from -1.3 to -0.5 standard deviation score (SDS) (p=0.030) and in ISS from -2.6 to -1.7 SDS (p=0.012). Only girls with CPP reached their target height (-0.5 vs. -0.6 SDS) (p=0.500).CONCLUSIONS: Both groups had a total height gain of 5 cm. Each centimetre cost about €2700 per patient. This treatment should be considered only in patients with extremely low height prediction and very early pubertal onset.
|
['Adolescent', 'Body Height', 'Child', 'Drug Costs', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Growth Disorders', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans']
| 24,158,419
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['C23.550.393'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Optimising mobility through the sit-to-stand activity for older people living in residential care facilities: A qualitative interview study of healthcare aide experiences.
|
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the experience of HCAs encouraging residents living in residential care to complete the sit-to-stand activity and to identify the strategies HCAs used to integrate the activity into their daily work routines.BACKGROUND: Decreased mobility in advanced ageing is further reduced when entering a residential care facility. Interventions such as the sit-to-stand activity have been shown to have a positive effect on the mobility of older people. There is evidence to suggest that healthcare aides are able to support residents to complete the sit-to-stand activity as part of their daily work routines; however, little is known about how healthcare aides actually do this with residents living in residential care.DESIGN: A qualitative interview study included seven purposively sampled HCAs working in residential care facilities. Semistructured interviews were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The HCAs' experience with the sit-to-stand activity was represented by the following four categories: Resident participation, Feeling misunderstood and disrespected, Time and workload, and Management involvement. HCAs identified three strategies to help them support residents to complete the sit-to-stand activity: Motivating residents, Completing activity in a group and Using time management skills.CONCLUSIONS: HCAs reported some encouragement from managers and cooperation from residents to complete the sit-to-stand activity with residents; however, they also felt constrained by time limitations and workload demands and they felt misunderstood and disrespected. HCAs were able to identify several strategies that helped them to integrate the sit-to-stand activity into their daily routines.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study highlights the challenges and supportive factors of implementing the sit-to-stand activity into the daily work routine of HCAs. The study also identifies the strategic role of nurse managers when implementing interventions in residential care facilities.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Motivation', 'Nursing Assessment', 'Nursing Staff', 'Posture', 'Qualitative Research', 'Time Management']
| 28,971,588
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['C23.888.550'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['N04.590.233.508.480'], ['M01.526.485.680', 'N02.360.680'], ['G11.427.695'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['F02.784.412.923', 'F02.784.692.816', 'F04.096.628.779.900', 'N04.452.932']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Serum immunoglobulin A concentration is a reliable biomarker for liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
|
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA) for differentiating early stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).METHODS: All cases had fatty liver change confirmed by ultrasound and aminotransferases of at least twice the normal level. Clinical and biochemical data, including serum IgA, were obtained from 50 histologically proven NAFLD cases and 54 healthy controls. Fasting whole blood samples were obtained from the study population. Immunoturbidimetric methods were used to measure the IgA levels. All NAFLD cases were hospitalized for liver biopsy. Liver specimens were examined for steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis within hepatocytes. Patients were categorized into two groups: NASH and non-NASH. Variables were compared within cases (NASH vs non-NASH) and controls. Cut-off values of serum IgA were evaluated using analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC curves). Associations between the variables were tested using calculations of correlation coefficients. Statistical significances were assigned to P values < 0.05.RESULTS: The extent of liver fibrosis correlated positively with IgA levels. Subjects with no fibrosis in their liver biopsies had a lower IgA level (301.5 ± 91.2 mg/dL) than subjects with any degree of fibrosis (388.8 ± 140.8 mg/dL), (P = 0.01). IgA levels were higher in NASH cases, and its value was significantly higher for higher degrees of fibrosis. Patients with perisinusoidal or pericellular fibrosis had significantly higher levels of IgA (403.5 ± 133.9 mg/dL, 418.2 ± 129.5 mg/dL) compared to those without it (301.8 ± 94.9 mg/dL, 297.7 ± 91.5 mg/dL), respectively. No significant correlation was found between steatosis grade and serum IgA levels. Based on ROC analysis, the best predictive IgA cutoff value for detecting liver fibrosis was 360 mg/dL (61% sensitivity, 81% specificity).CONCLUSION: The serum IgA level is useful to evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis and can be used serially for evaluation and follow-up of NAFLD cases.
|
['Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biomarkers', 'Biopsy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Serologic Tests', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Up-Regulation']
| 25,253,959
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Noise exposure of the ear during surgery (author's transl)].
|
We measured the noise generated by three vacuum pipes with different inner diameters in the external ear canal with a probe microphone. The highest level was generated by the largest pipe when solid material blocked part of the entrance. Then we measured peak levels up to 140 dB-C. Such levels generate only low Leq but due to their high on-off ratios they may be dangerous to the ear if repeatedly applied.
|
['Ear, External', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Humans', 'Noise', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 7,107,339
|
[['A09.246.272'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Postoperative cardiac insufficiency. The value of enoximone].
|
The authors discuss the physiopathological mechanisms of intra and postoperative cardiac failure and the different means of treatment. A distinction is made between the intra and postoperative periods: the factors which predispose to cardiac failure are different and the immediate postoperative period would seem to be the most dangerous in patients with reduced coronary or contractile reserves. Enoximone is a valuable and effective inotropic agent in this situation.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Enoximone', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Risk Factors']
| 2,147,841
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['E03.155.197'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['D03.383.129.308.253'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['C23.550.505'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Absorption and release of biogenic amines by the lung during the restorative period after hypovolemic hypotension].
|
The processes of serotonin and histamine absorption and release by the lungs were studied in dogs during 1 to 3.5 hour hypovolemic hypotension and during 24 hours after blood retains fusion. Absorption of biogenic amines by the lungs tended to increase in all the animals under hypovolemic hypotension. In the group of non-survivors the serotonin absorption by the lungs in the post-terminal period remained increased, while in the group of survivors it came down to normal soon, though the histamine release was increased. The above processes were aggravated in the group of animals whose lungs were affected by oleic acid. It resulted in the absorption of histamine instead of its release. The intensified absorption of biogenic amines by the lungs was accompanied by a quick fall in cardiac output, by the increase in resistance of systemic and pulmonary circulation.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Volume', 'Cardiac Output', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Histamine', 'Hypotension', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Serotonin', 'Time Factors', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 2,337,643
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G09.330.380'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['C14.907.514'], ['A04.411'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mitochondrial Glutathione Transferase Zeta 1 Is Inactivated More Rapidly by Dichloroacetate than the Cytosolic Enzyme in Adult and Juvenile Rat Liver.
|
Dichloroacetate (DCA) has potential for treating mitochondrial disorders and cancer by activating the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Repeated dosing of DCA results in reduced drug clearance due to inactivation of glutathione transferase æ1 (GSTZ1), its metabolizing enzyme. We investigated the time-course of inactivation of GSTZ1 in hepatic cytosol and mitochondria after one oral dose of 100 mg/kg DCA to female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 weeks (young) and 52 weeks (adult) as models for children and adults, respectively. GSTZ1 activity with both DCA and an endogenous substrate, maleylacetone (MA), as well as GSTZ1 protein expression were rapidly reduced in cytosol from both ages following DCA treatment. In mitochondria, loss of GSTZ1 protein and activity with DCA were even more rapid. The cytosolic in vivo half-lives of the loss of GSTZ1 activity with DCA were 1.05 ± 0.03 and 0.82 ± 0.02 h (mean ± S.D., n = 6) for young and adult rats, respectively, with inactivation significantly more rapid in adult rats, p < 0.001. The mitochondrial inactivation half-lives were similar in young (0.57 ± 0.02 h) and adult rats (0.54 ± 0.02 h) and were significantly (p < 0.0001) shorter than cytosolic inactivation half-lives. By 24 h after DCA administration, activity and expression remained at 10% or less than control values. The in vitro GSTZ1 inactivation half-lives following incubation with 2 mM DCA in the presence of physiological chloride (Cl-) concentrations (cytosol = 44 mM, mitochondria = 1-2 mM) exhibited marked differences between subcellular fractions, being 3 times longer in the cytosol than in the mitochondria, regardless of age, suggesting that the lower Cl- concentration in mitochondria explained the faster degradation of GSTZ1. These results demonstrate for the first time that rat mitochondrial GSTZ1 is more readily inactivated by DCA than cytosolic GSTZ1, and cytosolic GSTZ1 is inactivated more rapidly in adult than young rats.
|
['Animals', 'Cytosol', 'Dichloroacetic Acid', 'Female', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Liver', 'Mitochondria', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 31,524,376
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D02.241.081.018.214.500', 'D02.455.526.439.196.500'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
GRIM-19, a cell death regulatory protein, is essential for assembly and function of mitochondrial complex I.
|
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular energy production via the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) consisting of five multiprotein complexes and also in the initiation of apoptosis. NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the largest complex that catalyzes the first step of electron transfer in the OXPHOS system. GRIM-19 was originally identified as a nuclear protein with apoptotic nature in interferon (IFN)- and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-induced tumor cells. To reveal its biological role, we generated mice deficient in GRIM-19 by gene targeting. Homologous deletion of GRIM-19 causes embryonic lethality at embryonic day 9.5. GRIM-19(-/-) blastocysts show retarded growth in vitro and, strikingly, display abnormal mitochondrial structure, morphology, and cellular distribution. We reexamined the cellular localization of GRIM-19 in various cell types and found its primary localization in the mitochondria. Furthermore, GRIM-19 is detected in the native form of mitochondrial complex I. Finally, we show that elimination of GRIM-19 destroys the assembly and electron transfer activity of complex I and also influences the other complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our result demonstrates that GRIM-19, a gene product with a specific role in IFN-RA-induced cell death, is a functional component of mitochondrial complex I and is essential for early embryonic development.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blastocyst', 'Cell Division', 'Electron Transport Complex I', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mitochondria', 'NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases', 'Sequence Deletion']
| 15,367,666
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A16.254.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D05.500.562.249', 'D08.811.600.250.500.500', 'D08.811.682.608.504', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.863', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.300', 'D12.776.331.199.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.437', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D08.811.682.608'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comprehensive fluence model for absolute portal dose image prediction.
|
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) continue to be investigated as treatment verification tools, with a particular focus on intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). This verification could be accomplished through a comparison of measured portal images to predicted portal dose images. A general fluence determination tailored to portal dose image prediction would be a great asset in order to model the complex modulation of IMRT. A proposed physics-based parameter fluence model was commissioned by matching predicted EPID images to corresponding measured EPID images of multileaf collimator (MLC) defined fields. The two-source fluence model was composed of a focal Gaussian and an extrafocal Gaussian-like source. Specific aspects of the MLC and secondary collimators were also modeled (e.g., jaw and MLC transmission factors, MLC rounded leaf tips, tongue and groove effect, interleaf leakage, and leaf offsets). Several unique aspects of the model were developed based on the results of detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the linear accelerator including (1) use of a non-Gaussian extrafocal fluence source function, (2) separate energy spectra used for focal and extrafocal fluence, and (3) different off-axis energy spectra softening used for focal and extrafocal fluences. The predicted energy fluence was then convolved with Monte Carlo generated, EPID-specific dose kernels to convert incident fluence to dose delivered to the EPID. Measured EPID data were obtained with an a-Si EPID for various MLC-defined fields (from 1 x 1 to 20 x 20 cm2) over a range of source-to-detector distances. These measured profiles were used to determine the fluence model parameters in a process analogous to the commissioning of a treatment planning system. The resulting model was tested on 20 clinical IMRT plans, including ten prostate and ten oropharyngeal cases. The model predicted the open-field profiles within 2%, 2 mm, while a mean of 96.6% of pixels over all IMRT fields was in agreement with the 2%, 3 mm criteria. This model demonstrates accuracy commensurate to existing methods for IMRT pretreatment verification with portal dose image prediction of complex clinical examples (< 2%, 3 mm).
|
['Algorithms', 'Calibration', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Electronics, Medical', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Normal Distribution', 'Particle Accelerators', 'Radiometry', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Silicon']
| 19,472,646
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['H01.671.293.319'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['E07.710.680'], ['E05.799'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D01.268.513.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Recycling of EGFR and ErbB2 is associated with impaired Hrs tyrosine phosphorylation and decreased deubiquitination by AMSH.
|
ErbB receptors play an important role in normal cellular growth, differentiation and development, but overexpression or poor downregulation can result in enhanced signaling and cancerous growth. ErbB signaling is terminated by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by incorporation in multi-vesicular bodies and subsequent degradation in lysosomes. In contrast to EGFR, ErbB2 displays poor ligand-induced downregulation and enhanced recycling, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this difference are poorly understood. Given our previous observation that both EGFR and an EGFR-ErbB2 chimera undergo Cbl-mediated K63-polyubiquitination, we investigated in the present study whether activation of the EGFR and the EGFR-ErbB2 chimera is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of the ESCRT-0 complex subunit Hrs and AMSH-mediated deubiquitination. EGF stimulation of the EGFR resulted in efficient Hrs tyrosine phosphorylation and deubiquitination by the K63-polyubiquitin chain-specific deubiquitinating enzyme AMSH. In contrast, EGF activation of EGFR-ErbB2 showed significantly decreased Hrs tyrosine phosphorylation and deubiquitination by AMSH. To test whether this phenotype is the result of endosomal recycling, we induced recycling of the EGFR by stimulation with TGFá. Indeed, even though TGFá-stimulation of EGFR is associated with efficient ligand-stimulated K63-polyubiquitination, we observed that Hrs tyrosine phosphorylation as well as AMSH-mediated deubiquitination is significantly reduced under these conditions. Using various EGFR-ErbB2 chimeras, we demonstrate that enhanced recycling, decreased Hrs tyrosine phosphorylation and decreased AMSH mediated deubiquitination of EGFR-ErbB2 chimeras is primarily due to the presence of ErbB2 sequences or the absence of EGFR sequences C-terminal to the Cbl binding site. We conclude that endosomal recycling of the EGFR and ErbB2 receptors is associated with significantly impaired tyrosine phosphorylation of the ESCRT-0 subunit Hrs as well as decreased deubiquitination by AMSH, which is consistent with the finding that recycling receptors are not efficiently incorporated in the MVB pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Down-Regulation', 'Endocytosis', 'Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport', 'Endosomes', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transfection', 'Transforming Growth Factor alpha', 'Ubiquitin Thiolesterase', 'Ubiquitination']
| 22,800,866
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G04.417'], ['D05.500.199', 'D12.776.543.990.493'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.382.750', 'D12.644.276.963.360', 'D12.776.467.382.750', 'D12.776.467.960.360', 'D23.529.382.750', 'D23.529.960.360'], ['D08.811.037.500', 'D08.811.277.352.897.850', 'D12.776.637.937'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glan Clwyd operating space is transformed.
|
Turnkey construction company, MTX Contracts, has recently completed a suite of five 'modern and future-proofed' operating theatres at the Ysbyty Glan Clwyd in Bodelwyddan, Denbighshire, in the first phase of a 90-phase, 89.9 million pounds sterling redevelopment of facilities at the North Wales hospital being undertaken by Laing O'Rourke for the Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. According to Dr Eileen Williams, a consultant anaesthetist at the hospital, and the clinical lead on the hospital redevelopment project, the new theatre facilities will enable surgeons to undertake a wide range of surgical procedures, equipped with the most modern technology, in an environment that is not only lighter, brighter, and better laid out than the six previous theatres, but will also improve patient flow, aid infection control, and greatly enhance overall working efficiencies.
|
['Efficiency, Organizational', 'Interior Design and Furnishings', 'Operating Rooms', 'United Kingdom']
| 22,984,742
|
[['N04.452.209.500'], ['J01.086.339.290'], ['N02.278.388.700'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Functional, structural, and antigenic similarities of guinea pig anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies.
|
The humoral immune response to PC was measured in guinea pigs. PC-vaccine stimulated IgM and IgG2, but little IgG1, anti-PC -antibodies. No memory was induced and immunization in CFA produced tolerance. PC-KLH, on the other hand, stimulated IgM, IgG2, and IgG1 anti-PC antibodies with carrier-specific memory. Hapten inhibition of plaque formation showed uniform binding patterns with minor, but significant, differences between antiPC-vaccine and anti-PC-KLH antibodies. The antibodies were characterized by IEF and idiotypic analyses. Early after immunization with PC-vaccine, guinea pigs had restricted IEF patterns which in inbred, but not outbred animals were indistinguishable between individuals. These patterns remained restricted but more individualized with time after immunization. Anti-PC-KLH antibodies showed more heterogeneity and individuality. However, these structurally heterogeneous antibodies reacted equivalently with rabbit anti-idiotype antisera and therefore must share common structural features, regardless of isotype or the genetic background of the guinea pig.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Choline', 'Genotype', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hemocyanins', 'Hemolytic Plaque Technique', 'Immune Sera', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Male', 'Phosphorylcholine', 'Vaccines']
| 325,132
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['G12.100'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D12.776.093.375', 'D12.776.556.462', 'D23.767.482'], ['E01.370.225.812.375', 'E05.200.812.375', 'E05.478.594.375'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.700', 'D02.675.276.232.700'], ['D20.215.894']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Feeding behaviors and other motor development in healthy children (2-24 months).
|
OBJECTIVES: To monitor infant's gross, fine and oral motor development patterns related to feeding.DESIGN: An incomplete block design was used with 57 to 60 (sample = 98) mothers interviewed when their children were 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24 months (within +/- 5 days of birth date). Each mother had 5 to 6 interviews.SETTING: Selected developmental feeding behaviors were monitored using in-home interviews conducted by trained interviewers (n = 2). At each interview, mothers reported the child's age when behaviors first occurred, and anthropometric measurements were performed.SUBJECTS: Subjects were healthy white children who lived mostly in homes with educated two-parent families of upper socioeconomic status.RESULTS: Mean behavioral ages were within normal ranges reported in the literature, whereas individuals exhibited a wide diversity in reported ages. Examples of gross motor skills (age in months, +/- SD) included sitting without help (5.50+/-2.08) and crawling (8.00+/-1.55). Mean ages for self-feeding fine motor skills showed children reaching for a spoon when hungry (5.47+/-1.44), using fingers to rake food toward self (8.87+/-2.58) and using fingers to self-feed soft foods (13.52+/-2.83). Oral behaviors included children opening their mouth when food approached (4.46+/-1.37), eating food with tiny lumps (8.70+/-2.03) and chewing and swallowing firmer foods without choking (12.17+/-2.28).CONCLUSIONS: Mean ages for feeding behaviors occurred within expected age ranges associated with normal development. However, mothers reported that individual children exhibited a wide age range for achieving these behaviors. Our results should be considered in counseling mothers about infant feeding practices.
|
['Aging', 'Child Development', 'Drinking', 'Eating', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Motor Skills', 'Mouth', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Walking']
| 11,999,548
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F02.808.260'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Norepinephrine increases blood pressure but not survival with anthrax lethal toxin in rats.
|
OBJECTIVES: The response of anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) induced shock and lethality to conventional therapies has received little study. Previously, fluids worsened outcome in LeTx-challenged rats in contrast to its benefit with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Escherichia coli. The current study investigated norepinephrine treatment.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 232) weighing between 230 and 250 g were challenged with similar lethal (80%) 24-hour infusions of either LPS or LeTx, or with diluent only. Toxin-challenged animals were also randomized to receive 24-hour infusions with one of three doses of norepinephrine (0.03, 0.3, or 3.0 microg/kg/min) or placebo started 1 hour after initiation of challenge. All toxin animals received similar volumes of fluid over the 24 hours (equivalent to 4.0-4.3 mL/kg/hr). Although the intermediate norepinephrine dose (0.3 microg/kg/min for 24 hours) improved survival with LPS (p = 0.04) and increased blood pressure before the onset of lethality with LeTx (p < 0.0001), it did not improve survival with the latter (p = ns). Furthermore, neither increasing nor decreasing norepinephrine doses improved survival with LeTx.CONCLUSION: Hypotension with LeTx may not be a primary cause of lethality in this model. Rather, LeTx may cause direct cellular injury insensitive to vasopressors. These findings suggest that during anthrax infection and shock, along with hemodynamic support, toxin-directed treatments may be necessary as well.
|
['Animals', 'Anthrax', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Blood Pressure', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Shock, Septic', 'Survival Rate', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 19,242,337
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252.410.090.072'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D23.946.123'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The fate of internalized á5 integrin is regulated by matrix-capable fibronectin.
|
BACKGROUND: Assembly of fibronectin matrices is associated with integrin receptor turnover and is an important determinant of tissue remodeling. Although it is well established that fibronectin is the primary ligand for á5â1 receptor, the relationship between fibronectin matrix assembly and the fate of internalized á5 integrin remains poorly characterized.MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the effect of fibronectin matrix on the fate of internalized á5 integrin, fibronectin-null Chinese hamster ovary and mouse embryo fibroblast cells were used to track the fate of á5 after exposure to exogenous fibronectin.RESULTS: In the absence of matrix-capable fibronectin dimer, levels of internalized á5 decreased rapidly over time. This correlated with a decline in total cellular á5 and was associated with the ubiquitination of á5 integrin. In contrast, internalized and total cellular á5 protein levels were maintained when matrix-capable fibronectin was present in the extracellular space. Further, we show that ubiquitination and degradation of internalized á5 integrin in the absence of fibronectin require the presence of two specific lysine residues in the á5 cytoplasmic tail.CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that á5 integrin turnover is dependent on fibronectin matrix assembly, where the absence of matrix-capable fibronectin in the extracellular space targets the internalized receptor for rapid degradation. These findings have important implications for understanding tissue-remodeling processes found in wound repair and tumor invasion.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha5', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Ubiquitination']
| 25,062,814
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new method of spatial compounding imaging.
|
A new method of spatial compound imaging is presented that improves image quality without the usual requirement to decrease the frame rate. The new method of imaging utilizes three transducers for data acquisition. The transducer located at the center of the transducer system is a phased array probe that acts as both transmitter and receiver. The other transducers are unfocused pistons that act only as receivers. Envelope data acquired by each transducer are combined to form a final image with improved quality (speckle contrast, target detectability and lateral resolution). It is shown that the improvement in speckle contrast depends on the correlation between individual images acquired by the transducers. The effective aperture approach is used for analytic estimation of the correlation between images in order to optimize the lateral separation between transducers. Using simulations, several compounding strategies have been performed to find the strategy that maximizes image quality. The central frequency of 2.5 MHz is used in simulations. Quantitative analysis of simulated B-mode images shows that the new method of imaging efficiently improves visibility, detectability, and lateral resolution of low contrast regions. The image frame rate is preserved because multiple scans are not required for the spatial compounding.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Transducers', 'Ultrasonography']
| 12,788,220
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E07.305.812'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unexpected redwood mortality from synergies between wildfire and an emerging infectious disease.
|
An under-examined component of global change is the alteration of disturbance regimes due to warming climates, continued species invasions, and accelerated land-use change. These drivers of global change are themselves novel ecosystem disturbances that may interact with historically occurring disturbances in complex ways. Here we use the natural experiment presented by wildfires in redwood forests impacted by an emerging infectious disease to demonstrate unexpected synergies of novel disturbance interactions. The dominant tree, coast redwood (fire resistant without negative disease impacts), experienced unexpected synergistic increases in mortality when fire and disease co-occurred. The increased mortality risk, more than fourfold at the peak of the effect, was not predictable from impacts of either disturbance alone. Changes in fire behavior associated with changes to forest fuels that occurred through disease progression overwhelmed redwood's usual resilience to wildfire. Our results demonstrate the potential for interacting disturbances to initiate novel successional trajectories and compromise ecosystem resilience.
|
['California', 'Fires', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Phytophthora', 'Plant Diseases']
| 24,358,700
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['N06.230.216'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['B01.750.580.715'], ['G15.610']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Optimization and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human oral fluid.
|
An analytical procedure was developed and validated for the simultaneous identification and quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in 0.5 mL of human oral fluid collected with the Quantisal oral fluid collection device. Solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring were utilized. Endogenous and exogenous interferences were extensively evaluated. Limits of quantification were empirically identified by decreasing analyte concentrations. Linearity was from 1 to 2,000 ng/mL for nicotine and norcotinine, 0.5 to 2,000 ng/mL for trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and 0.2 to 2,000 ng/mL for cotinine. Correlation coefficients for calibration curves were >0.99 and analytes quantified within +/-13% of target at all calibrator concentrations. Suitable analytical recovery (>91%) was achieved with extraction efficiencies >56% and matrix effects <29%. This assay will be applied to the quantification of nicotine and metabolites in oral fluid in a clinical study determining the most appropriate nicotine biomarker concentrations differentiating active, passive, and environmental nicotine exposure.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Cotinine', 'Gingival Crevicular Fluid', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Nicotine', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 19,838,828
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['D03.383.773.812.180'], ['A12.383.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Late clinical outcome in a randomized prospective comparison of colonic J pouch and straight coloanal anastomosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Functional outcome after rectal excision with coloanal anastomosis is improved by construction of a colonic J pouch. Present prospective randomized studies lack follow-up beyond 1 year. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome at both short- and long-term follow-up.METHODS: Forty patients with low rectal cancer were randomized prospectively to either J colonic pouch-anal anastomosis or a straight coloanal anastomosis. Clinical assessments were performed 3, 12 and 24 months after colostomy closure using a standard questionnaire and physical examination.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the complication rate between the two groups. There was a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in frequency of defaecation at 3, 12 and 24 months for patients with a reservoir. Similarly, fragmentation (clustering of stools) was significantly less at 3 and 12 months (P < 0.01) in the reservoir group, and incontinence occurred less frequently in the first year (P = 0.09). By 24 months no patient in either group suffered from major or minor incontinence.CONCLUSION: The functional improvement gained from a colonic reservoir in coloanal anastomosis continues to benefit the patient for at least 2 years.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proctocolectomy, Restorative', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,361,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.210.219.620', 'E04.210.895.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The development of verbal and visual working memory processes: a latent variable approach.
|
Working memory (WM) processing in children has been studied with different approaches, focusing on either the organizational structure of WM processing during development (factor analytic) or the influence of different task conditions on WM processing (experimental). The current study combined both approaches, aiming to distinguish verbal and visual processing in order to investigate WM development. We investigated recall performance under different task conditions in a sample of 5- to 13-year-olds, applying latent class regression analysis. In this analysis, we examined latent classes (subgroups) within the sample that differed in terms of processing type. The interpretations of the latent classes were validated internally using characteristics of the latent classes and externally using recall performance of words and figures. The results showed that children of different developmental stages used the same type of processing under the same conditions. However, due to developmental differences, their overall performances differed, showing groups of children who were successful in verbal or visual processing and groups of children who were not. This study shows and discusses the importance of disentangling the influence of task conditions from the influence of WM development when interpreting recall performance in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Mental Recall', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Regression Analysis', 'Speech', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Visual Perception']
| 22,093,922
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F01.145.209.908'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The role of the premacular liquefied pocket and premacular vitreous cortex in idiopathic macular hole development.
|
PURPOSE: To clarify the role of the vitreous in idiopathic macular hole formation.METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the vitreous before and during vitreous surgery in 64 consecutive eyes of 62 patients (stage 1B, four eyes; stage 2, ten eyes; stage 3, 43 eyes; stage 4, four eyes) with macular holes; another three eyes underwent a second vitrectomy. After core vitrectomy, the premacular vitreous cortex was examined by applying gentle suction. The detached posterior hyaloid face was observed under endoilluminiation.RESULTS: We observed in all eyes a liquefied lacuna anterior to the posterior fundus before and during vitreous surgery. The premacular vitreous cortex was extremely thin and elastic upon gentle suction. A premacular ring, the diameter two to four times that of the Weiss ring, was observed in 48 of 57 eyes (84%) with stages 1B, 2, and 3 macular hole. In most cases, the vitreous cortex within the premacular ring either was absent or had a break, resulting in a premacular round defect. The vitreous cortex peripheral to the premacular ring, which was thick and less deformed, never showed a break. In eyes that had undergone a second vitrectomy, we noted residual cortex or an epiretinal membrane around the macular hole.CONCLUSIONS: The premacular vitreous cortex is extremely thin and elastic. It is sharply demarcated by a ring from the thick peripheral vitreous cortex. Tangential traction, which causes macular holes, appears to originate exclusively in the premacular vitreous cortex that forms the posterior wall of the premacular liquefied pocket.
|
['Eye Diseases', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retinal Perforations', 'Vitrectomy', 'Vitreous Body']
| 8,909,201
|
[['C11'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C11.768.740'], ['E04.540.960'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Role of miRNA-1 in regulating connexin 43 in ischemia-reperfusion heart injury: a rat model.
|
MiRNA-1 may participate in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by affecting the expression and distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43). The aim of this study is to investigate miR-1 expression and its potential role in regulating Cx43 during ischemic postconditioning (IPOST) in a rat model. Fifty-five Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups: N, IR, IPOST, agomir-1, and antagomir-1 group. The hearts were perfused with the Langendorff system. The reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) and myocardial infarct size were observed and recorded. The miRNA-1 expression and the Cx43 expression and distribution were assessed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. First, the RA score in the IR group was higher than that in the control group, whereas there was no difference between the IPOST and antagomir-1 groups. Second, the myocardial infarct size was larger in the agomir-1 than in the IPOST group; there was no difference between the antagomir-1 and the IPOST group. Third, the miRNA-1 expression increased by 78% in the agomir-1 group but decreased by 32% in the antagomir-1 group compared with the IPOST group. Fourth, compared with the Control group, the Cx43 expression in the IR group decreased, the Cx43 expression decreased in the agomir-1 group compared with the IPOST group. Fifth, the distribution of Cx43 was irregular and disorganized in the IR and agomir-1 groups. In the IPOST and antagomir-1 groups, Cx43 was neatly distributed in the intercalated disk area. Our findings suggest that IPOST can inhibit the up-regulation of miRNA-1 induced by ischemia-reperfusion and that the down-regulation of miRNA-1 can prevent the decrease and redistribution of Cx43, which will protect the heart from IRI.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Connexin 43', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ischemic Postconditioning', 'Isolated Heart Preparation', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 28,081,514
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.587'], ['E05.519', 'E05.598.750'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High fertilization success in a surface-brooding Caribbean gorgonian.
|
Colonies of the Caribbean gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae release eggs that are retained on the colony surface where they are fertilized and then develop. In December 2001, spawning on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, occurred over 6 d, with spawning by any one colony limited to 1-3 d. With the exception of the first and last days of the spawning period, fertilization success was high, often greater than 90%. Eggs collected in December 2001 had an overall fertilization success of more than 66%. At one site, the increase in fertilization after the first day of spawning correlated with male spawning, but male gonad index was a poor predictor of fertilization success. The number of male colonies close to a female was not correlated with fertilization success. Surface brooding is an efficient mechanism for "harvesting" sperm released upstream of female colonies. By maintaining their eggs at a single location, surface-brooding species can extend the period over which eggs are likely to encounter sperm. As a result, fertilization success is summed across the temporal variance in sperm availability, and the need for very high densities of sperm, with its concomitant risk of polyspermy, may be reduced.
|
['Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Bahamas', 'Female', 'Fertilization', 'Male']
| 16,501,060
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['Z01.107.084.900.100', 'Z01.639.880.100'], ['G08.686.784.277']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Macropodumines A-C: novel pentacyclic alkaloids with an unusual skeleton or zwitterion moiety from Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.
|
Three novel alkaloids, macropodumines A-C (1-3), were isolated from the stem of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Interestingly, the structure of macropodumine A (1) was characterized as having a fused pentacyclic system including an unusual eleven-membered macrolactone ring, whereas macropodumine B (2) contains a rare cyclopentadienyl carbanion, which is stabilized as a zwitterion by an internal iminium cation. The structures of these new metabolites were established on the basis of their detailed spectroscopic analysis. In particular, the unique structure of zwitterion 2 was further confirmed by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Plants', 'Polycyclic Compounds', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 16,642,529
|
[['D03.132'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['B01.650'], ['D04'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is a science of psychotherapy possible? Subjectivity problems.
|
Two sorts of subjectivity problems are discussed. The 1st concerns the characterization of psychotherapy as an attempt to alter clients' meanings. The 2nd concerns the seemingly subjective nature of value judgments about psychotherapy outcomes. It is argued that despite initial appearances, neither of these problems poses an insuperable difficulty for transforming the discipline of psychotherapy into a genuine science.
|
['Humans', 'Motivation', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Psychotherapy', 'Science']
| 11,080,833
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['F04.754'], ['H01.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat lung tumors induced by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: the impact of a high-fat diet.
|
Aberrant or excessive expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many disease processes, including carcinogenesis. COX-2 expression was immunohistochemically examined in archival samples (D. Hoffmann et al., Cancer Res., 53: 2758-2761, 1993) of lung neoplasms (adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas) induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in male F344 rats that had been fed either a semipurified AIN-76A diet with high-fat (HF; 23.5% corn oil) or low-fat (LF; 5% corn oil) content. The intensity and extent of COX-2 positivity was graded from 0 (undetectable or negligible expression) to grades 1 (<30% expression), 2 (30-60% expression), 3 (60-90% expression), and 4 (>90% expression). The scoring criteria were similar to those used with specimens from human lung cancers (T. Hida et al., Cancer Res., 58: 3761-3764, 1998). In group 1 (NNK plus HF diet), adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas were of mean grades 2, 3, and 4, respectively; in group 2 (NNK plus LF diet), the corresponding mean grades were 1, 1, and 3. Although control rats, given HF (group 3) or LF (group 4) diets but no NNK, developed spontaneous lung tumors, the expression of COX-2 was either negligible (one adenoma of grade 0 in group 3) or of a very low grade (one adenocarcinoma of grade 1 in group 4). In addition, the latency of the tumors in the peripheral lung in assays with NNK is significantly shorter in rats maintained on the HF diet than in those on LF diet. COX-2 expression was not evident in normal lung tissues. We report here for the first time that NNK induces increasingly higher levels of COX-2 expression with progressive stages of lung tumorigenesis when rats are fed the HF diet. The increase in COX-2 expression may be associated with the development of lung tumors induced by NNK. This well-defined animal model is valuable for studying modulation of COX-2 expression in lung carcinogenesis by various factors, including dietary components.
|
['Animals', 'Aspirin', 'Carcinogens', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Dietary Fats', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Nitrosamines', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344']
| 10,197,601
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D02.654.442'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeted reduction of complex models with time scale hierarchy--a case study.
|
With the increasing flow of biological data there is a growing demand for mathematical tools whereby essential aspects of complex causal dynamic models can be captured and detected by simpler mathematical models without sacrificing too much of the realism provided by the original ones. Given the presence of a time scale hierarchy, singular perturbation techniques represent an elegant method for making such minimised mathematical representations. Any reduction of a complex model by singular perturbation methods is a targeted reduction by the fact that one has to pick certain mechanisms, processes or aspects thought to be essential in a given explanatory context. Here we illustrate how such a targeted reduction of a complex model of melanogenesis in mammals recently developed by the authors provides a way to improve the understanding of how the melanogenic system may behave in a switch-like manner between production of the two major types of melanins. The reduced model is shown by numerical means to be in good quantitative agreement with the original model. Furthermore, it is shown how the reduced model discloses hidden robustness features of the full model, and how the making of a reduced model represents an efficient analytical sensitivity analysis. In addition to yielding new insights concerning the melanogenic system, the paper provides an illustration of a protocol that could be followed to make validated simplifications of complex biological models possessing time scale hierarchies.
|
['Animals', 'Melanins', 'Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Chemical', 'Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted']
| 12,941,533
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.750', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750', 'D12.644.400.460', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750', 'D12.776.631.650.460'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.495'], ['L01.224.680.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum screening for oncogene proteins in workers exposed to PCBs.
|
A cohort of 16 municipal workers engaged in cleaning oil from old transformers was examined for possible health effects from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In addition to the evaluation of routine clinical parameters (history, physical examination, liver function tests, serum triglycerides, serum PCB values), a new screening technique for the presence of oncogene proteins in serum using monoclonal antibodies was used to ascertain the potential carcinogenic risk from exposure in these workers. Except for one individual, serum PCB concentrations were found to be relatively low in this cohort, probably due to the observance of appropriate protective precautions. The results of liver function test were within normal limits and serum triglyceride concentrations showed no consistent relation to PCB concentrations. Six individuals, all of whom were smokers, showed abnormal banding patterns for fes oncogene related proteins. The individual with the highest serum PCB concentration also exhibited significantly raised levels of the H-ras oncogene related P21 protein in his serum. These oncogene protein findings may be indicative of an increased risk for the development of malignant disease in these individuals.
|
['Adult', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oncogene Proteins v-sis', 'Oncogenes', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Retroviridae Proteins', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking']
| 3,143,397
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750.935', 'D12.776.964.700.750.935', 'D12.776.964.775.750.935'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['D12.776.964.775'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester blocks the decompensatory phase of acute hypovolaemia in conscious rabbits by a brainstem mechanism.
|
Graded caval occlusion in conscious rabbits caused a biphasic response. Phase I was characterized by a fall in conductance so that arterial pressure was maintained. When cardiac output had fallen to 71 +/- 4% of its baseline level, phase II supervened. During phase II, conductance rose abruptly and arterial pressure fell to a life threatening level (< 40 mm Hg). When administered into the fourth ventricle, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester prevented the onset of phase II. The mean threshold dose for this effect was 4 mumol (range: 0.4-11). When administered intravenously, a dose of 275 mumol N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester prevented the onset of phase II in only one out of six rabbits. It is concluded that a central brainstem nitrergic mechanism is involved in the onset of the decompensatory phase II of the haemodynamic response to hypovolaemia.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Volume', 'Brain Stem', 'Cardiac Output', 'Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Heart Rate', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rabbits', 'Shock', 'Venae Cavae']
| 7,493,618
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['A07.541.409'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['E05.481'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['C23.550.835'], ['A07.015.908.949']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lack of association of heart rate variability parameters with head-up tilt-test responses in patients with syncope.
|
BACKGROUND: Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common type of syncope. Head-up tilt testing is the investigation of choice for diagnosis of patients with neurocardiogenic syncope. In this study, we aimed to findout any association between heart rate variability parameters and type of tilt-test response in patients with syncope.METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine cases with unexplained syncopal attacks were enrolled into our study and were grouped according to the tilt-test responses. Tilt test was performed in all patients after excluding other causes of syncope. In case of a negative basal tilt-testing, pharmacological tilt testing was performed after 30 min of 5 mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. Holter monitoring was done from the beginning of tilt testing upto two hours post-procedure. The heart rate variability parameters analyzed were the mean of all coupling intervals between normal beats, the standard deviation about the mean of all coupling intervals between normal beats, the mean of all 5-min standard deviations of mean of all coupling intervals between normal beats, the proportion of adjacent normal R-R intervals differing by > 50 ms, the root mean square of the difference between successive RRs, and the standard deviation of 5-min mean of all coupling intervals between normal beats and ratio between low and high frequencies.CONCLUSIONS: In 35 patients, the tilt-test was positive, 16 were cardioinhibitor type (Group 1), four cases had a vasodepressor type response (Group 2) and 15 were mixed type (Group 3). Fourteen patients had a negative test result. The heart rate variability measures did not significantly differ among the study groups. The heart rate variability measures were compared between the tilt-test negative (Group 4) and the tilt-test positive groups (Groups 1, 2 and 3) and no statistically significant difference was found.
|
['Adult', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Posture', 'Syncope, Vasovagal', 'Tilt-Table Test']
| 15,584,566
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.695'], ['C10.177.575.600.800', 'C10.597.606.358.800.600.500', 'C23.888.592.604.359.800.600.500'], ['E01.370.370.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of continuous traffic noise on percentage of deep sleep, waking, and sleep latency.
|
When subjected to alternating quiet nights (32 dB) and noise nights (equivalent levels of 47 dB) a group of 14 subjects showed an average increase in the fraction of deep sleep of about 2.5% resulting from the traffic noise. Another group of 12 subjects whose noise nights were at 60 dB had an average of 4.6% increase in deep sleep during these nights. The number of wakings also increased for both groups but, as was found before, this adapted rapidly with the number of nights. The average latency of sleep onset does not appear to be affected by the traffic noise but individual differences are great and may be of opposite sign. Latency of sleep onset and waking both show appreciable "laboratory effect" which takes longer to disappear than the one or two nights usually assumed.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Noise', 'Reaction Time', 'Sleep', 'Wakefulness']
| 6,826,889
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mouse embryonic stem cells with aberrant transforming growth factor beta signalling exhibit impaired differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
|
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are resistant to transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). We have shown previously that they lack type-II binding receptors (T beta RII) and in this respect resemble the inner cell mass and ectoderm cells of mouse embryos 4.5-7.5 days post coitum (dpc); they do however express type-I (alk-5) signalling receptors. Here we show that in contrast to several tumour cell lines, stable transfection of wtT beta RII is not sufficient for ES cells to become biologically sensitive to TGF beta. We analysed the expression of several down-stream molecules known to be involved in TGF beta signalling (Smads) and TGF beta-mediated cell cycle regulation (cyclins D) during the differentiation of control and wtT beta RII-expressing ES cells and showed that upregulation of these molecules correlated with (i) an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) synthesis and (ii) growth inhibition, following addition of TGF beta 1. These TGF beta responses were reduced in an ES cell line expressing a dominant negative (truncated) T beta RII (delta T beta RII). The differentiation pattern of control and wtT beta RII-expressing ES cells was indistinguishable in monolayer culture and as embryoid bodies, but in delta T beta RII ES cells, the capacity to form mesodermal derivatives in monolayer cultures in response to the addition of retinoic acid (RA) and removal of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was lost, and only endoderm-like cells formed. The T beta RII and delta T beta RII ES cells were, however, both distinguishable from control ES cells when allowed to differentiate in chimaeric embryos following aggregation with morula-stage hosts. Conceptuses containing mutant cells, recovered from pseudopregnant females at the equivalent of 9.5 dpc, exhibited highly defective yolk sac development; most strikingly, no blood vessels were present and in addition the yolk sacs with derivatives of ES cells containing wtT beta RII were blistered and lacked haematopoietic cells. The implications for understanding TGF beta signalling in early mouse development are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chimera', 'Cyclin D', 'Cyclins', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Mice', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II', 'Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells', 'Transfection', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 9,697,304
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['B05.200'], ['D12.644.360.262.150', 'D12.776.167.218.150', 'D12.776.476.262.150'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['A16.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.795', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.720.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.820.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.820'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.872'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Prognostic importance of a positive test of myocardial 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate accumulation in patients with stable stenocardia].
|
The paper reports the results of a retrospective study of the frequency of complications of chronic coronary disease in 51 patients with stable angina subjected to myocardial 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintigraphy at rest at first screening. In the group with positive scintigraphic results, myocardial infarction and death from cardiac causes was five times as frequent within the next five years as it was in the group where myocardial incorporation of the drug was not observed. The frequency of complications was higher in cases where positive scintigraphic results were combined with cardiomegaly and electrocardiographic signs of transitory ischemia. Positive scintigraphic test with 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate can indicate future aggravation of the disease in patients with stable angina pectoris.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Chronic Disease', 'Electrocardiography', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Polyphosphates', 'Prognosis', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Technetium', 'Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate', 'Tin Polyphosphates']
| 6,876,546
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.775', 'D01.248.497.158.730.650', 'D01.695.625.675.650.775'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D01.268.271.870', 'D01.268.556.843', 'D01.268.956.875', 'D01.496.749.305.870', 'D01.552.544.843'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.775.150.900', 'D01.695.625.675.650.775.150.900', 'D01.925.925'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.775.950', 'D01.695.625.675.650.775.950', 'D01.935.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The rhizobacterium Arthrobacter agilis produces dimethylhexadecylamine, a compound that inhibits growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro.
|
Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi affect agricultural production worldwide. Control of these pests can be done by the use of fungicides such as captan, which may have deleterious effects on human health. This study demonstrates that the rhizobacterium Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 produces volatile organic compounds that inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in vitro. A single compound from the volatile blends, namely dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHDA), could inhibit the growth of both B. cinerea and P. cinnamomi when supplied to the growth medium in low concentrations. DMHDA also inhibited the growth of beneficial fungi Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma atroviride but at much higher concentrations. DMHDA-related aminolipids containing 4, 8, 10, 12, and 14 carbons in the alkyl chain were tested for their inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogens. The results show that the most active compound from those tested was dimethyldodecylamine. This effect correlates with a decrease in the number of membrane lipids present in the mycelium of the pathogen including eicosanoic acid, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, and (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. Strawberry leaflets treated with DMHDA were not injured by the compound. These data indicate that DMHDA and related compounds, which can be produced by microorganisms may effectively inhibit the proliferation of certain plant pathogens.
|
['Amines', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Arthrobacter', 'Botrytis', 'Culture Media', 'Fragaria', 'Fungi', 'Humans', 'Hydrocarbons', 'Methylamines', 'Phospholipids', 'Phytophthora', 'Trichoderma']
| 23,674,267
|
[['D02.092'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B03.510.024.850.050', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.074'], ['B01.300.381.128'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.266'], ['B01.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455'], ['D02.092.668'], ['D10.570.755'], ['B01.750.580.715'], ['B01.300.381.910']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endocrine and metabolic responses to realimentation in feed-restricted prepubertal gilts: associations among gonadotropins, metabolic hormones, glucose, and uteroovarian development.
|
Temporal relationships among plasma LH, FSH, metabolic hormones, and glucose concentrations were studied in nutritionally manipulated prepubertal gilts. Twenty-four growth-matched littermate gilts (73.6 +/- 1.2 kg) were fed at maintenance for 7 d (d 1 to 7). From d 8 to 14, littermates were divided between two treatments and were either fed twice daily to appetite or continued on feed restriction. Feeding to appetite increased episodic LH secretion during the first 6 h of sampling on d 8 (P < .05). Plasma FSH concentrations were not affected by treatment between d 8 and 14. Nocturnal increases in plasma LH (P < .01) and FSH (P < .002) concentrations were detected in feed-restricted gilts but not realimented gilts. Mean total plasma IGF-I concentrations gradually increased in gilts fed to appetite (d 12, P < .02; d 13 to 14, P < .001). Mean postprandial insulin concentrations were also greater in gilts fed to appetite (P < .01). Treatment differences in mean postprandial glucose concentrations on d 9 and 10 indicate that normoglycemia was established by d 9 in gilts fed to appetite. At slaughter on d 15, numbers of ovarian follicles (P < .01), follicular volume (P < .001), and uterine weight (P < .05) were greater in gilts fed to appetite. In conclusion, uteroovarian responses to realimentation after short-term feed restriction in prepubertal gilts are mediated by enhanced LH secretion. This rapid enhancement of LH secretion in response to dietary repletion might have been mediated by changes in glucose and insulin status. Ovarian responses to gonadotropins may also be potentiated by observed increases in plasma glucose, insulin, and IGF-I. During feed restriction, a distinct diurnal rhythm in gonadotropin secretion was evident.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diet', 'Eating', 'Endocrine Glands', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Gonadotropins', 'Insulin', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Ovary', 'Sexual Maturation', 'Swine', 'Uterus']
| 8,728,006
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['A06.300'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472.699.322'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Avian polymavirus in wild birds: genome analysis of isolates from Falconiformes and Psittaciformes.
|
Avian polyomavirus (APV) infections have been reported to cause fatal disease in a wide range of psittacine species. Here we demonstrate APV infections in buzzards (Buteo buteo) and in a falcon (Falco tinnunculus) found dead in Germany, and in lovebirds (Agapornis pullaria) with fatal disease, wild-caught in Mo?ambique. APV infection in buzzards was determined by PCR amplification of parts of the viral genome followed by Southern blot hybridisation. The genomes of the isolates obtained from the falcon and one of the lovebirds proved to be very closely related to those of Budgerigar Fledgling Disease Virus (BFDV)-1, BFDV-2 and BFDV-3, isolated from budgerigar, chicken, and parakeet, respectively. A consensus sequence was delineated from the known nucleotide sequences of APV isolates. The significance of some nucleotide changes is discussed. Infectivity of all of these isolates was neutralized by antibodies directed against BFDV-1. Data presented in this investigation show that the polyomavirus isolates obtained from different avian species so far all belong to one genotype and one serotype within the proposed subgenus Avipolyomavirus of the family Papovaviridae. The designation Budgerigar Fledgling Disease Virus (BFDV) is, therefore, misleading as this virus type infects different species of birds. The name Avian Polymavirus and the abreviation APV should be adopted to all of the isolates investigated in detail at present. The possible role of birds of passage in the epidemiology in APV infections is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Chick Embryo', 'DNA, Viral', 'Genome, Viral', 'Phylogeny', 'Polyomavirus', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Viral Structural Proteins']
| 9,739,329
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B04.280.210.700.615', 'B04.613.204.670.615'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['D12.776.964.970']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A paradise for parasites? Seven new haemogregarine species infecting lizards from the Canary Islands.
|
Oceanic islands are hotspots of biodiversity due to their high levels of endemism, with the Canary Islands being a notable example. A previous molecular study on the biogeography and host associations of haemogregarines (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) infecting lizards from this archipelago detected seven parasite haplogroups. These haplogroups exhibited high host-specificity and geographical structure, suggesting that they might correspond to distinct biological identities. In this study, along with sequencing a longer fragment of the 18S rRNA, we further explore the distinctiveness of these parasites by analysing their morphology, effects on host erythrocytes and parasitaemia levels. These lines of evidence together with their genetics, host associations, frequency of occurrence and geographical distribution support them as different biological entities. As such, we describe seven new species: Karyolysus canariensis sp. nov., Karyolysus galloti sp. nov., Karyolysus stehlini sp. nov., Karyolysus gomerensis sp. nov., Karyolysus atlanticus sp. nov., Karyolysus tinerfensis sp. nov. and Karyolysus makariogeckonis sp. nov. These new taxa are further examples of endemic diversity in the Canarian archipelago. They also contribute to clarify the taxonomy within the Apicomplexa, a phylum estimated to have one of the lowest percentages of described species.
|
['Animals', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Coccidiosis', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Eucoccidiida', 'Haplotypes', 'Host Specificity', 'Lizards', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 18S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Spain']
| 30,871,644
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['C01.610.752.250'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['B01.043.075.189.275'], ['G05.380.360'], ['G06.462.380', 'G16.527.200.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.393'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.675'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[The role of ultrasonography in second trimester screening for fetal chromosome aberrations].
|
UNLABELLED: The role of ultrasound examination in second trimester screening for fetal aneuploidies.OBJECTIVE: Authors sought to determine the frequency of ultrasound findings in major chromosomal defects. They also tried to evaluate possible patterns of ultrasound signs of fetal chromosomal defects.METHODS: Through the time period of 15 years (1999-2004) 22,150 fetal karyotypings were done, and 514 abnormal karyotypes (2.3%, 514/22,150) were diagnosed prenatally. Congenital anomalies of these fetuses, detected by second trimester sonography, were analyzed in this study.RESULTS: Of the 514 chromosome aberrations, 207 fetuses with trisomy 21 (40.3%), 70 fetuses with trisomy 18 (13.6%), 28 fetuses with trisomy 13 (5.4%), 69 fetuses with Turner syndrome (13.4%) and 12 fetuses with triploidy (2.3%) were detected. The incidences of major structural defects and minor anomalies were evaluated then ultrasound signs with the highest incidences were established in each of the major chromosomal defects.CONCLUSION: This study may help to select the "optimal components" of the genetic sonogram that would assist the counseling of women for the risk of a chromosomal abnormality. Other advantages of such approach could be the standardization of the contents of ultrasound examination among different health care providers and institutions, and a decrease in false-positive rates.
|
['Adult', 'Aneuploidy', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Trisomy', 'Turner Syndrome', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 17,209,302
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.375', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.375'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.430', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.430'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.510', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.510'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['C23.550.210.050.750', 'C23.550.210.182.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.750', 'G05.365.590.175.183.500', 'G05.700.131.750'], ['C12.706.316.309.872', 'C12.706.316.795.750', 'C13.351.875.253.309.872', 'C13.351.875.253.795.750', 'C14.240.400.980', 'C14.280.400.980', 'C16.131.240.400.970', 'C16.131.260.830.835.750', 'C16.131.939.316.309.872', 'C16.131.939.316.795.750', 'C16.320.180.830.835.750', 'C19.391.119.309.872', 'C19.391.119.795.750'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison of physical and cytogenetic estimates of radiation dose in patients treated with iodine-131 for thyroid carcinoma.
|
Physical and cytogenetic estimates of the whole-body radiation doses have been compared in 11 patients receiving large doses of iodine-131 for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. The physical estimate was based on the measurement of thyroid uptake, of the plasma activity variation, and of urinary activity. The cytogenetic estimate was obtained from the analysis of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Good agreement between the estimates was observed in patients whose thyroid glands had previously been ablated by radioiodine. In patients who had varying degrees of thyroid function, there were considerable differences between the estimates with the cytogenetic value always being higher. It is suggested that these differences might be due in part to non-uniform irradiation of lymphocytes by local sources of activity in the thyroid and in the liver.
|
['Body Burden', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Lymphocytes', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiotherapy', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 1,087,288
|
[['E05.799.638.231', 'N06.850.460.200'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E02.815'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mouse monoclonal antibody (WI-MN-1) against malignant melanoma.
|
A mouse monoclonal antibody, WI-MN-1, was raised against G-361 melanoma cell line. Reactivity of this antibody was characterized by indirect immunofluorescence against 22 cell lines and normal and neoplastic human tissues. Positive reactions were seen against three melanoma cell lines (G-361, HT-144, and MeWo). It also reacted against an epidermoid carcinoma cell line (Hep-2) and amnion cells (WISH). The antibody failed to react against cell lines derived from granulocytic leukemias, lymphocytic leukemias, Burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoma of the lung, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the breast, astrocytoma, and a human monocytoid cell line. Mouse melanoma and mouse fibroblast cell lines were also nonreactive. Similarly, there was no reaction against human peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, thymus, breast, lung, stomach, heart, brain, kidney, liver, skin, or testis. The antibody was also tested by indirect immunofluorescence against 17 samples of metastatic malignant melanoma which were removed from 13 patients. WI-MN-1 gave positive reaction against 16 of these specimens, and it reacted with the cryostat section in the immunoperoxidase test, delineating neoplastic melanoma from the normal brain tissue. The antibody precipitated Mr 105,000 and 38,000 antigens from biosynthetically labeled G-361 cells. It was suggested that WI-MN-1 was a useful addition to the panel of monoclonal antibodies against melanoma-associated antigens.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Cell Line', 'Epitopes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Lymphocytes', 'Melanoma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C']
| 6,196,109
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Further pharmacological studies on aqueous seed extract of Aframomum melegueta in rats.
|
This present study investigates the effect of an aqueous seed extract of Aframomum melegueta, on leukocytes migration and on phenylhydrazine-treated rat red blood cells (RBC). The effect of Aframomum melegueta on the number of white blood cells (WBC), in inflammatory exudates, was assessed by utilizing the granuloma air pouch model, for chronic inflammation in carrageenin-treated rats. The extract was tested for its anti-oxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects, in rat RBC exposed to phenylhydrazine. Aframomum melegueta was found to significantly reduce the number of WBC, in the fluid in a dose-related manner. The extract also produced significant inhibition of rat red blood cells lysis exposed to phenylhydrazine, which suggests a membrane-stabilizing effect. It further demonstrated a potent anti-oxidant activity, as it significantly reduced the levels of malonydialdehyde (MDA) formation in rat RBC exposed to phenylhydrazine. The results of this study, suggest that Aframomum melegueta possess membrane-stabilizing activity, along with anti-oxidant property and may also have a modifying effect, on the responses of WBC to tissue injury.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Granuloma', 'Hemolysis', 'Inflammation', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Medicine, African Traditional', 'Nigeria', 'Phenylhydrazines', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats', 'Seeds', 'Zingiberaceae']
| 18,060,710
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D02.047.700'], ['E02.190.488.505', 'E02.190.901.433', 'I01.076.201.450.654.505'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['D02.442.726'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.937.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
The mRNA-bound Proteome of Leishmania mexicana
|
Leishmania parasite infections, termed the leishmaniases, cause significant global infectious disease burden. The lifecycle of the parasite embodies three main stages that require precise coordination of gene regulation to survive environmental shifts between sandfly and mammalian hosts. Constitutive transcription in kinetoplastid parasites means that gene regulation is overwhelmingly reliant on post-transcriptional mechanisms, yet strikingly few Leishmania trans-regulators are known. Using optimized crosslinking and deep, quantified mass spectrometry, we present a comprehensive analysis of 1400 mRNA binding proteins (mRBPs) and whole cell proteomes from the three main Leishmania lifecycle stages. Supporting the validity, although the crosslinked RBPome is magnitudes more enriched, the protein identities of the crosslinked and non-crosslinked RBPomes were nearly identical. Moreover, multiple candidate RBPs were endogenously tagged and found to associate with discrete mRNA target pools in a stage-specific manner. Results indicate that in L. mexicana parasites, mRNA levels are not a strong predictor of the whole cell expression or RNA binding potential of encoded proteins. Evidence includes a low correlation between transcript and corresponding protein expression and stage-specific variation in protein expression versus RNA binding potential. Unsurprisingly, RNA binding protein enrichment correlates strongly with relative replication efficiency of the specific lifecycle stage. Our study is the first to quantitatively define and compare the mRBPome of multiple stages in kinetoplastid parasites. It provides novel, in-depth insight into the trans-regulatory mRNA:Protein (mRNP) complexes that drive Leishmania parasite lifecycle progression.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Ontology', 'Leishmania mexicana', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Parasites', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Transcriptome']
| 30,948,621
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.410'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.500.714'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Brief report: Repetitive behaviours in Greek individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
|
The main objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of restricted repetitive behaviours (RRBs) in a sample of 205 Greek individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R). Results show that the structure of RRBs in this Greek sample can be described using a 2-factor solution. The current study provides further, cross-cultural support for the distinction between a "high-order" factor reflecting compulsions, rituals, sameness, and restricted behaviours (CRSRB) and a "low-order" factor reflecting stereotyped movements and self-injurious behaviours (SSIB). These factors are most likely located at the top of the RRB structural hierarchy and represent general, independent constructs of ASD behaviours that can be identified not only across studies but also across cultures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Ceremonial Behavior', 'Child', 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive', 'Child, Preschool', 'Compulsive Behavior', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Self-Injurious Behavior', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stereotyped Behavior']
| 20,108,116
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.813.097', 'I01.076.201.450.170'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.164'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.527.100'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F01.145.126.980'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.896']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Laurentixanthones A and B, antimicrobial xanthones from Vismia laurentii.
|
A phytochemical investigation of the constituents of the roots of Vismia laurentii has resulted in the isolation of two xanthone derivatives named laurentixanthone A (1) (6-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-11-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7(3H)-one) and laurentixanthone B (2) (1-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetramethoxyxanthone), along with 11 known compounds: 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, vismiaquinone, vismiaquinone B, bivismiaquinone, 3-geranyloxy-6-methyl-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, O(1)-demethyl-3',4'-deoxypsorospermin-3',4'-diol, 6-deoxyisojacareubin, 1,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone, kaempferol, friedelin and stigmasterol. The structures of compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activities in vitro.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Clusiaceae', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Xanthenes', 'Xanthones']
| 16,740,282
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625'], ['B03.440'], ['B03.510'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.633.300.953'], ['D03.633.300.953.852']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated colitis with a histology of collagenous colitis.
|
Here we report a case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated colitis with a histology of collagenous colitis in a 77-year-old woman. The patient had taken aspirin since 1993 after being diagnosed at another hospital, as having multiple cerebral infarctions. She began to suffer from intermittent diarrhea in April 1999. Serological examination showed hypoproteinemia, which indicated that she had protein-losing enteropathy. By July 1999, she had undergone colonoscopic examination four times. Biopsy specimens taken during the fourth colonoscopy revealed collagenous colitis. As the patient had been taking aspirin for 6 years, she was diagnosed as having NSAID-associated colitis with a histology of collagenous colitis. When she stopped taking aspirin, the diarrhea ceased. Three months later, the patient underwent a fifth colonoscopy. A histological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed that the collagen band had vanished. NSAID-associated colitis sometimes shows collagenous colitis histologically and is cured by withdrawing the drug. It is important to differentiate NSAID-associated colitis, even if it shows a histology of collagenous colitis, from collagenous colitis as the two diseases differ in etiology and therapy.
|
['Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Aspirin', 'Colitis', 'Collagen', 'Colonoscopy', 'Diarrhea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Recurrence']
| 11,473,337
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of prostaglandins(PGs) on progesterone production by human cultured luteal cells and their ability of PGs production].
|
The present study was designed to investigate whether or not prostaglandins(PGs) were produced by human luteal cells(HLC) and their effects on the luteal cells by monolayer culture. The following results were obtained. Cultured HLC secreted progesterone(P), prostaglandin F(PGF) and prostaglandin E(PGE) into a medium at concentrations of 276.6 +/- 38.6, 1.95 +/- 0.36, 2.44 +/- 0.45 ng/ml/1 X 10(5) cells/day (mean +/- SE), respectively. Cultured HLC was able to convert 14C-arachidonic acid to 14C-PGF2 alpha, 14C-PGE2. These two results indicated that HLC had the ability to produce PGF and PGE. Cultures were carried out in the presence of indomethacin (Ind), PGF2 alpha and PGE2 alone as well as in a combination. P production by HLC was reduced in the presence of Ind. P production in the presence of Ind+PGE2 was more than that in the presence of Ind alone. There was no significant difference in P production between the presence of Ind and Ind+PGF2 alpha. It was concluded that HLC had the ability to produce PGs and that PGE2 significantly stimulated P production in as low concentrations as HLC could produce physiologically while PGF2 alpha did not.
|
['Adult', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Corpus Luteum', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Luteal Cells', 'Luteal Phase', 'Progesterone', 'Prostaglandins']
| 3,224,725
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.251'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278', 'A06.300.312.497.278'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278.400', 'A06.300.312.497.278.400', 'A11.382.921', 'A11.436.566'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Variable Digestion Strategies for Phosphoproteomics Analysis.
|
In recent years, mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics has propelled our knowledge about the regulation of cellular pathways. Nevertheless, typically applied bottom-up strategies have several limitations. Trypsin, the preferentially used proteolytic enzyme shows impaired cleavage efficiency in the vicinity of phosphorylation sites. Moreover, depending on the frequency and distribution of tryptic cleavage sites (Arg/Lys), generated peptides can be either too short or too long for confident identification using standard LC-MS approaches. To overcome these limitations, we introduce an alternative and simple approach based on the usage of the nonspecific serine protease subtilisin, which enables a fast and reproducible digestion and provides access to "hidden" areas of the proteome. Thus, in a single LC-MS experiment >1800 phosphopeptides were confidently identified and localized from 125 ìg of HeLa digest, compared to >2100 sites after tryptic digestion. While the overlap was less than 20 %, subtilisin allowed the identification of many phosphorylation sites that are theoretically not accessible via tryptic digestion, thus considerably increasing the coverage of the phosphoproteome.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Reverse-Phase', 'Computational Biology', 'Databases, Protein', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Proteolysis', 'Proteomics', 'Solid Phase Extraction', 'Subtilisin', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Titanium', 'Trypsin', 'Workflow']
| 26,584,929
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.495'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D12.644.717'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.196.155.800'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.787.805', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.787.805'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['L01.906.893']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and characterization of the 180- and 86-kilodalton subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA primase-DNA polymerase protein complex. The 180-kilodalton subunit has both DNA polymerase and 3'----5'-exonuclease activities.
|
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalytic DNA polymerase I 180-kDa subunit and the tightly associated 86-kDa polypeptide have been purified using immunoaffinity chromatography, permitting further characterization of the DNA polymerase activity of the DNA primase-DNA polymerase protein complex. The subunits were purified to apparent homogeneity from separate overproducing yeast strains using monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing each subunit. When the individual subunits were recombined in vitro a p86p180 physical complex formed spontaneously, as judged by immunoprecipitation of 180-kDa polypeptide and DNA polymerase activity with the anti-86-kDa monoclonal antibody. The 86-kDa subunit stabilized the DNA polymerase activity of the 180-kDa catalytic subunit at 30 degrees C, the physiological temperature. The apparent DNA polymerase processivity of 50-60 nucleotides on poly(dA).oligo(dT)12 or poly(dT).oligo(A)8-12 template-primer was not affected by the presence of the 86-kDa subunit but was reduced by increased Mg2+ concentration. The Km of the catalytic 180-kDa subunit for dATP or DNA primer terminus was unaffected by the presence of the 86-kDa subunit. The isolated 180-kDa polypeptide was sufficient to catalyze all the DNA synthesis that had been observed previously in the DNA primase-DNA polymerase protein complex. The 180-kDa subunit possessed a 3'----5'-exonuclease activity that catalyzed degradation of polynucleotides, but degradation of oligonucleotide substrates of chain lengths up to 50 was not detected. This exonuclease activity was unaffected by the presence of the 86-kDa subunit. Despite the striking physical similarity of the DNA primase-DNA polymerase protein complex in all eukaryotes examined, the data presented here indicate differences in the enzymatic properties detected in preparations of the DNA polymerase subunits isolated from S. cerevisiae as compared with the properties of preparations from Drosophila cells. In particular, the 3'----5'-exonuclease activity associated with the yeast catalytic DNA polymerase subunit was not masked by the 86-kDa subunit.
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['Animals', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'DNA Primase', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Hot Temperature', 'Plasmids', 'RNA', 'RNA Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 1,704,371
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.375'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
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['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Temporal dynamics of binocular disparity processing with corticogeniculate interactions.
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A neural model is developed to probe how corticogeniculate feedback may contribute to the dynamics of binocular vision. Feedforward and feedback interactions among retinal, lateral geniculate, and cortical simple and complex cells are used to simulate psychophysical and neurobiological data concerning the dynamics of binocular disparity processing, including correct registration of disparity in response to dynamically changing stimuli, binocular summation of weak stimuli, and fusion of anticorrelated stimuli when they are delayed, but not when they are simultaneous. The model exploits dynamic rebounds between opponent ON and OFF cells that are due to imbalances in habituative transmitter gates. It shows how corticogeniculate feedback can carry out a top-down matching process that inhibits incorrect disparity responses and reduces persistence of previously correct responses to dynamically changing displays.
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['Computer Simulation', 'Geniculate Bodies', 'Models, Neurological', 'Vision Disparity', 'Visual Cortex']
| 12,022,507
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.444'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['F02.463.593.778.255.780', 'F02.463.593.932.877', 'G14.930'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Alcohol Use and Drinking Motives Among Suddenly Bereaved College Students.
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Objective: Thousands of Americans grieve the sudden death of a loved one each year. These sudden deaths may be the result of violent deaths, as in the cases of homicide, suicide, or fatal accidents, or may occur as the result of natural causes such as heart attacks or strokes. Sudden loss survivors often experience negative mental health outcomes such as depression, prolonged grief disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Survivors may also misuse alcohol for varied reasons after these losses, which can put them at risk for alcohol-related consequences. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore associations between psychological distress and alcohol-related outcomes among young adults with a history of sudden loss. Methods: A sample of 659 young adults completed a series of self-report measures assessing loss history, psychosocial distress, perceived alcohol-related problems, and drinking motives. Results: Results showed that survivors of sudden, violent losses reported higher rates of past 30-day alcohol use than those who had lost a loved one to a sudden, natural loss or those who reported no loss history. Although there were no statistically significant differences in drinking motives between violent or natural loss survivors, more severe depression symptoms among bereaved individuals were associated with drinking to cope and to conform. Participants experiencing prolonged grief symptoms were also more likely to report drinking to conform. Conclusions: Bereavement-related distress may influence drinking motives among young adults with a history of sudden loss.
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['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking in College', 'Bereavement', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Students', 'Young Adult']
| 30,451,601
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269.625'], ['F01.470.142'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['M01.848'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
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['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Death within 30 days of fine needle aspiration: Post-mortem confirmation of FNA diagnoses and the contribution of FNA to patient mortality.
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BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnoses are usually confirmed via surgical pathology or via evaluation of clinical outcomes. However, such confirmation may not occur for patients who die shortly after FNA, and autopsy may be a useful quality assessment tool in these cases. Also, there is little data investigating the relationship between FNA and mortality. We sought to demonstrate the autopsy as a quality assessment tool for the FNA and assess the contribution of FNA to mortality in patients who die soon after the procedure.METHODS: A search of our database was performed from 1992 to 2016 for patients who were autopsied after dying within 30 d of an FNA. Concordance between findings from FNA, autopsy, and any intervening surgical pathology material was determined. Finally, a subjective determination of the likelihood that FNAs contributed to deaths was made by reviewing autopsy reports. The contribution was categorised as either "unlikely", "possible", or "probable".RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (average age = 58 y) met the search criteria. Thirty-six (62%) patients had malignancies. Surgical pathology material was obtained concurrently or following FNA in 20 cases (34%). There was 73% concordance between FNA and autopsy findings, which compares to 80% concordance between FNA and surgical pathology diagnoses. The FNA was determined to be at least possibly contributory to death in 7/58 cases (3 cases designated as "probable," and 4 as "possible").CONCLUSION: Autopsy can be used to validate FNA diagnoses and, like surgical pathology, confirms that FNA diagnoses are mostly accurate. However, in a small number of patients, FNA can precipitate death.
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['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autopsy', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Death', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 30,353,701
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['C23.550.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
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['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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