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Monoclonal antibodies against diagnostic Anisakis simplex antigens.
|
Five monoclonal antibodies (UA2, UA3, UA5, UA6, and UA8) specific for Anisakis simplex are described. All are IgG1/kappa monoclonal antibodies, except for UA2, which is an antibody IgM/kappa. The molecular weights of the major components recognized in immunoblotting are 48 and 67 kDa (UA2); 139 kDa (UA3 and UA5; same epitope); 35, 38, and 139 kDa (UA6); and 205 kDa (UA8). UA2 was the only monoclonal antibody to recognize both components of an excretion-secretion antigen preparation and antigens in the excretory cell and esophageal glands of third-stage A. simplex larvae; antigens in the excretory cell were also recognized by UA3 and UA6. Cross-reactivity studies using a hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum reacting with various ascaridoid nematodes indicated that the antigens captured by our monoclonal antibodies were specific for A. simplex. Finally, comparative studies of our monoclonal antibodies and An2 (the only monoclonal antibody currently available for serodiagnosis of human anisakiasis), based on the calculation of multiples of normal activity for human anisakiasis sera, indicated that our monoclonal antibodies (and particularly UA3) recognized antigens that are good candidates for serodiagnostic purposes.
|
['Animals', 'Anisakis', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Helminth', 'Dogs', 'Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Rabbits']
| 9,342,739
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.075'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.223'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D23.050.550.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relation of induced to spontaneous ventricular tachycardia from analysis of stored far-field implantable defibrillator electrograms.
|
Predischarge testing of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators is often used to tailor antitachycardia pacing algorithms based on the response of induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) to pacing. Despite this practice, little is known about the relation between VT induced at predischarge study and VT that occurs spontaneously. To clarify this relation, we identified 19 patients with VT induced at predischarge study and compared the characteristics of the induced VT with the first episode of spontaneous VT. VT morphology, tachycardia cycle length, and response to antitachycardia pacing were measured from far-field electrograms stored by the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. All subjects had coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction. The mean time from baseline study until a spontaneous VT episode was 162+/-121 days. Analysis of far-field electrograms revealed that spontaneous VT was morphologically different from predischarge-induced VT in 13 of 19 cases (68%). The cycle length of induced VT was significantly shorter than spontaneous VT when VT morphologies were different but not when spontaneous and induced VT had an identical morphology. Antitachycardia pacing was effective in terminating 18 of 19 (95%) induced VTs and 14 of 18 (78%) spontaneous VTs. Antitachycardia pacing was effective in terminating 9 of 12 episodes of morphologically different spontaneous VTs and 5 of 6 episodes of morphologically identical spontaneous VTs (p = NS). Thus, the characteristics of VT induced at predischarge study correlate poorly with those of subsequent spontaneous VT episodes due to the induction of faster "nonclinical" VTs at predischarge testing. This may limit the applicability of predischarge testing in tailoring antitachycardia pacing algorithms.
|
['Algorithms', 'Coronary Disease', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electronic Data Processing', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Recurrence', 'Tachycardia, Ventricular']
| 10,072,222
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['L01.224.085'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C14.280.067.845.940', 'C14.280.123.875.940', 'C23.550.073.845.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Timing of harvest of Phragmites australis (CAV.) Trin. ex Steudel affects subsequent canopy structure and nutritive value of roughage in subtropical highland.
|
In recent decades, constructed wetlands dominated by common reeds [Phragmites australis (CAV.) Trin. ex Steudel] have been utilized for treating nitrogen-rich wastewaters. Although plant harvest is a vegetation management in constructed wetlands for the purpose of improving nutrient removal, harvested biomass has become a problem in many places. The reed has attracted increasing interest for its potential as high-quality roughage for ruminants. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effect of reed harvest timing on subsequent regrowth, reconstruction of canopy structure, and nutritive value of regrown biomass for roughage when defining an appropriate vegetation management in constructed wetlands. The shoots of common reeds were harvested in January (winter), March (spring), and May (early summer) in a free-water surface constructed wetland in southwest China. Harvesting in winter enhanced the shoot regrowth and concentrations of total digestible nutrients (TDN), probably due to vigorous translocations of nonstructural carbohydrates from rhizomes. Harvesting in spring and early summer decreased aboveground biomass, nitrogen (N) standing stock, and concentrations of TDN. From fifty to 110 days after harvest, the TDN had sharply declined to values similar to non-harvested stands. Thus, to obtain high-quality roughage, it is recommended that regrown shoots be harvested again within a year in the early growing stage after the first harvest in winter.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Biomass', 'China', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Nutritive Value', 'Poaceae', 'Ruminants', 'Seasons', 'Time Factors', 'Wetlands']
| 26,555,098
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Rational design and synthesis of a novel class of active site-targeted HIV protease inhibitors containing a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere. Use of phenylnorstatine or allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic.
|
A novel class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing a hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere were designed from the substrate transition state and synthesized. Phenylnorstatine [Pns; (2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid] and the 2S diastereomer, (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid, named allophenylnorstatine (Apns) were effective transition-state mimics, and incorporation of Pns-Pro or Apns-Pro at the P1-P1' site gave potent and specific HIV-1 protease inhibitors. In the inhibitory assays, the chemically synthesized [Ala67,95] HIV-1 protease was used.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenylbutyrates', 'Protease Inhibitors']
| 1,804,562
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D02.241.223.651'], ['D27.505.519.389.745']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex-specific effects of daily exposure to sucrose on spatial memory performance in male and female rats, and implications for estrous cycle stage.
|
Excessive consumption of sugar sweetened drinks is proposed to produce functional changes in the hippocampus, leading to perturbations in learning and memory. In this study we examined the impact of 2h daily access to 10% sucrose (or no sucrose in controls) on recognition memory tasks in young male and female rats. In Experiment 1 we tested rats on memory tasks reliant on the hippocampus (place recognition), perirhinal cortex (object recognition), and a combination of hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex (object-in-place memory). Exposure to sucrose for 2h a day for 14days prior to behavioral testing did not affect object recognition, but impaired spatial memory to an extent in both male and female rats. Male rats exposed to sucrose were impaired at both place recognition and object-in-place recognition, however female rats showed no impairment in object-in-place performance. Plasticity within the hippocampus is known to increase during the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle and is related to higher levels of circulating estrogens. In Experiment 2 we tested place recognition and object-in-place memory in 10% sucrose exposed or non-exposed control female rats both during the metestrus (low estrogen) and proestrus (high estrogen) phases of their cycle on place recognition and object-in-place memory. Both sucrose exposed and control female rats were able to perform place object-in-place recognition correctly during metestrus and proestrus, however sucrose exposed rats were only able to perform place recognition correctly during proestrus. This indicates that when hippocampal function is compromised, endogenous estrogens may boost memory performance in females, and that males may be at more risk of high sugar diet induced cognitive deficits.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Estrogens', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Male', 'Progesterone', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Spatial Memory', 'Sucrose', 'Sweetening Agents']
| 26,828,038
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['G08.686.195'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['G08.686.815'], ['F02.463.425.540.886'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The importance of agricultural tire habitats for mosquitoes of public health importance in New York State.
|
The presence of mosquito species breeding in agricultural "bunker tires" on dairy farms in New York state was evaluated. Twelve species of mosquitoes (Aedes vexans, Anopheles barberi, An. punctipenriis, An. perplexens, Culex pipiens pipiens, Cx. restuans, Cx. salinarius, Cx. territans, Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, Ochlerotatus atropalpus, Oc. japonicus japonicus, and Oc. triseriatus) were collected from 8 New York state dairy farms in 2001 and from 17 dairy farms in 2002. All but 2 of these species have been found naturally infected with arboviruses and could be important vectors affecting human and animal health. Because of the potential public and animal health importance of the invasive species Oc. j. japonicus, active surveillance to identify breeding sites and distribution of this mosquito is essential. In 2001, Oc. j. japonicus was recovered from 5 of 8 central New York dairy farms surveyed. In 2002, Oc. j. japonicus was recovered from 4 of the same dairy farms plus an additional dairy out of 5 surveyed. This species appears to be established on dairy farms in the south, central, and eastern regions of New York state, with greatest abundance in the southeastern region. A single Oc. j. japonicus larva was collected from the northern region on the final sampling date in September 2002. Our data demonstrate that agricultural tire habitats can be productive breeding sites for arbovirus vectors. As a consequence, these habitats should not be ignored in vector control and surveillance programs.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Anopheles', 'Culex', 'Culicidae', 'Dairying', 'Environment', 'Humans', 'Insect Vectors', 'Larva', 'Mosquito Control', 'New York', 'Ochlerotatus', 'Reproduction']
| 16,033,118
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.225'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875'], ['J01.040.246'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.612'], ['G08.686.784']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Entitlement to Tell on Police Facebook Sites.
|
Despite the increased use of social media by the police, little qualitative exploration has been carried out regarding how online spaces such as Facebook might be important sites for Police Force identity. This study qualitatively analyzes a popular story told on the official Facebook site of a rural police force. It analyzes the story which is co-created by both the police and the public, and looks at how identity is created for the police through this online activity. The research finds that entitlement to tell particular stories is hotly challenged by the community and raises important questions regarding the perceived ownership of experiences in the criminal justice system. It concludes that Facebook posts might be important sites of feedback for police forces. Additionally, such sites may play an important role in trust-building and community engagement, but to realize this opportunity may require significant investment in terms of resources.
|
['Community Participation', 'Humans', 'Police', 'Power, Psychological', 'Qualitative Research', 'Social Media', 'Trust']
| 30,896,973
|
[['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.373.750', 'M01.526.760'], ['F01.658.780'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['L01.178.751', 'L01.224.230.110.500.750'], ['F01.829.401.825']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds of five Jalopeno peppers (Capsicum annuum) cultivars.
|
The present study was designed to evaluate the contents of different antioxidants compounds and their antioxidant activities in Jalopeno peppers (Capsicum annuum) cultivars (El Dorido, Grande, Tula, Sayula and El Rey) extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of Grande was recorded as high as 87% followed by El Dorido (83%). Results of reducing power (Fe3+ to Fe2+) showed that Grande (0.85%) and El Dorido (0.81%) fruit extract absorbance value were close to synthetic antioxidant BHT (0. 97%) obtained at100 ìg/mL. The results showed that total phenolic content of El Dorido and Grande were significantly higher compared to other Jalapeno pepper. Results indicated strong and positive correlation between antioxidant activity and carotenoids content (r = 0.75), vitamin C (r = 0.78) and total capsaicinoids (r = 0.84), respectively. The results of the antioxidant activity assays showed that the El Dorido and Grande had strongest antioxidant activity compared to other peppers cultivars in this study.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Capsicum', 'Carotenoids', 'Flavonoids', 'Fruit', 'Phenols', 'Phytochemicals', 'Plant Extracts']
| 29,212,371
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.145'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D23.704'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of cutting and reseeding on the ground-dwelling arthropod community in Caragana intermedia forest in desert steppe].
|
Taking a 25-year-old Caragana intermedia forest in desert steppe as test object, an investigation was conducted on the ground-dwelling arthropod community in cutting and no-cutting stands with and without reseeding, aimed to understand the effects of cutting, reseeding and their interaction on the individual number and group richness of ground-dwelling arthropod in C. intermedia forest. There were significantly lower number and richness of ground-dwelling arthropod in the open spaces than under the shrubs in the no-cutting and no-reseeding stands. Cutting, reseeding and both of them could significantly increase the number and richness of ground-dwelling arthropod in the open spaces, but not under the shrubs, compared with no cutting or reseeding. Consequently, there were no significant differences in the distribution of ground-dwelling arthropod in the open spaces and under the shrubs in the cutting, reseeding, or cutting and reseeding stands. Further, there was a similar buffer effect between cutting and reseeding on the ground-dwelling arthropod. No significant differences were observed in the ground-dwelling arthropod distribution, between cutting stand and reseeding stand, between cutting stand and cutting and reseeding stand, and between reseeding stand and cutting and reseeding stand. It was suggested that cutting, reseeding, or both of them could significantly improve the ground-dwelling arthropod diversity especially in the open spaces, being beneficial for the restoration of degraded grassland ecosystem and the rational management on artificial C. intermedia forest in desert steppe.
|
['Animals', 'Arthropods', 'Caragana', 'China', 'Desert Climate', 'Ecosystem', 'Poaceae', 'Population Dynamics']
| 23,718,012
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.098'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.071.325', 'N06.230.300.100.250.325'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Levels of eight heavy metals and health risk assessment considering food consumption by China's residents based on the 5th China total diet study.
|
The total diet study (TDS) is a significant part of food consumption-based health risk assessment. Since 1990, China has conducted five TDSs based on its unique food culture. In the present study, the health risks of residents from 20 regions of China are assessed by comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) with adequate intake (AI) for Cr, and the estimated dietary exposure (EDE) with the reference dose (RfD) for seven toxic heavy metals (THMs), which are Al, As, inorganic arsenic (iAs), Cd, Hg, methyl mercury (MeHg), and Pb. The original data were sourced from the 5th China TDS. The data indicated the following: (1) Cereals and vegetables were the main dietary exposure sources of Al, As, iAs, Cd, and Cr; aquatic foods were the important dietary exposure source for As, Hg, and MeHg, especially for the residents from coastal regions. (2) Compared to other elements, Pb had more dietary exposure sources, which included cereals, vegetables, meats, and beverages and water. (3) Potatoes, beverages and water, and meats were the important sources of Al, iAs, and Cr. The results showed that the average level of the dietary intake of Cr was 11 times higher than the AI, as determined from the ratio of EDI to Al. Moreover, the hazard quotients (HQs) of Al, iAs, Cd, Hg, MeHg, and Pb were <1, while that of As (6.49) was >1; therefore, the EDIs of As and Cr by the residents of China are worthy of attention. Additionally, the discrepancies in the dietary exposures of HMs by the residents were due to the different HM contents among different types of foods, and the different dietary structures.
|
['China', 'Diet', 'Dietary Exposure', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Risk Assessment']
| 31,466,154
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N06.850.460.350.040'], ['D27.888.284'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Breeding objectives for pigs in Kenya. II: economic values incorporating risks in different smallholder production systems.
|
This study estimated economic values for production traits (dressing percentage (DP), %; live weight for growers (LWg), kg; live weight for sows (LWs), kg) and functional traits (feed intake for growers (FEEDg), feed intake for sow (FEEDs), preweaning survival rate (PrSR), %; postweaning survival (PoSR), %; sow survival rate (SoSR), %, total number of piglets born (TNB) and farrowing interval (FI), days) under different smallholder pig production systems in Kenya. Economic values were estimated considering two production circumstances: fixed-herd and fixed-feed. Under the fixed-herd scenario, economic values were estimated assuming a situation where the herd cannot be increased due to other constraints apart from feed resources. The fixed-feed input scenario assumed that the herd size is restricted by limitation of feed resources available. In addition to the tradition profit model, a risk-rated bio-economic model was used to derive risk-rated economic values. This model accounted for imperfect knowledge concerning risk attitude of farmers and variance of input and output prices. Positive economic values obtained for traits DP, LWg, LWs, PoSR, PrSR, SoSR and TNB indicate that targeting them in improvement would positively impact profitability in pig breeding programmes. Under the fixed-feed basis, the risk-rated economic values for DP, LWg, LWs and SoSR were similar to those obtained under the fixed-herd situation. Accounting for risks in the EVs did not yield errors greater than ±50 % in all the production systems and basis of evaluation meaning there would be relatively little effect on the real genetic gain of a selection index. Therefore, both traditional and risk-rated models can be satisfactorily used to predict profitability in pig breeding programmes.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Breeding', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Kenya', 'Models, Economic', 'Survival Rate', 'Swine']
| 25,433,647
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['N03.219.151'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Computerized ventilator data selection: artifact rejection and data reduction.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine acceptable strategies for automated data acquisition and artifact rejection from computerized ventilators using the Medical Information Bus.DESIGN: Medical practitioners were surveyed to establish 'clinically important' ventilator events. A prospective study involving frequent data collection from ventilators was also conducted.SUBJECTS: Data from 10 adult patients were collected every 10 seconds from a Puritan Bennett 7200A ventilator for a total of 617.1 hours.INTERVENTIONS: Twelve different computerized data selection and artifact algorithms were tested and evaluated.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data derived from 12 data selection algorithms were compared with each other and with data manually charted by respiratory therapists into a computerized charting system. Ventilator setting data collected by the algorithms, such as FIO2, reduced the amount of data collected to about 25% compared to manually charted data. The amount of data collected for measured parameters, such as tidal volume, from the ventilator had large variability and many artifacts. Automated data capture and selection generally increased the amount of data collected compared to manual charting, for example for the 3 minute median the increase was a modest 1.2 times.CONCLUSION: Computerized methods for collecting ventilator setting data were relatively straightforward and more-efficient than manual methods. However, the method for automated selection and presentation of observed measured parameters is much more difficult. Based on the findings and analysis presented here, the authors recommend recording ventilator setting data after they have existed for three minutes and measured parameters using a three minute median data selection strategy. Such an algorithm rejected most artifacts, required minimal computational time, had minimal time-delay, and provided clinically acceptable data acquisition. The results presented here are but a starting point in developing automated ventilator data selection strategies.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Data Collection', 'Electronic Data Processing', 'Humans', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Respiration, Artificial']
| 9,387,006
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['L01.224.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Atypical androgen receptor in the human melanoma cell line IIB-MEL-J.
|
To evaluate the presence of androgen receptors in the human melanoma cell line IIB-MEL-J, a Scatchard plot analysis was performed. Cells in culture revealed a single binding component with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) at 37 degrees C of 11 nM and a binding capacity of 326 fmol/mg protein when measured with [3H]-R1881. Competition analysis revealed an atypical relaxation of specificity, since not only androgen (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone [DHT], R1881) and antiandrogen (hydroxy-flutamide [OH-FLU]) competed for [3H]-R1881 binding, but also estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol at 500-fold excess concentration. Binding of [3H]-estradiol and [3H]-R5020 in the absence of unlabeled DHT were completely suppressed in its presence. Immunohistochemistry of androgen receptor with a monoclonal antibody showed that nuclei were vigorously stained. Different doses of flutamide (FLU) and OH-FLU tested on cultured IIB-MEL-J cells in the presence of serum inhibited significantly cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. When cells were incubated with 10 nM DHT and 1% charcoal-adsorbed serum, a significant stimulation of growth that was observed was inhibited by 4 microM OH-FLU. DHT stimulation was completely reversed by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. In addition, male nude mice transplanted with IIB-MEL-J tumor were treated with FLU when tumors were palpable. FLU was effective in diminishing tumor growth and increasing survival rate of the animals. As a conclusion, the presence of functional androgen receptors in these cells has been demonstrated by growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo with antiandrogens, and their atypical nature is suggested by binding cross-reactivity and competition studies.
|
['Androgen Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cell Division', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Estradiol', 'Flutamide', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Metribolone', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Progesterone', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Testosterone', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,567,789
|
[['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D02.065.199.420', 'D02.092.146.113.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parents' hostility in dyadic marital and triadic family settings and children's behavior problems.
|
The authors examined the relation between parents' hostility during conflict-focused discussions and child behavior problems. Parents engaged in 3 discussions: a dyadic marital discussion of marital disagreements, a dyadic marital discussion of child-related disagreements, and a triadic family discussion with the child about the child-related disagreements. Eighty-nine 2-parent community families with a child aged 9-13 years participated. A significant 3-way interaction between interparental hostility, parent-to-child hostility, and child sex accounted for variance in children's behavior problems. Among boys, higher levels of parent-to-child hostility during family discussions exacerbated the effects of interparental hostility on boys' adjustment. Thus, exposure to higher levels of both interparental and parent-to-child hostility may put boys at risk for developing internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Hostility', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parenting', 'Personality Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,550,741
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['F01.658.209'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['F01.470.596'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F04.513'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Barriers to self-management of diabetes: a qualitative study among low-income minority diabetics.
|
OBJECTIVES: Diabetes self-management is a key element in the overall management of diabetes. Identifying barriers to disease self-management is a critical step in achieving optimal health outcomes. Our goal was to explore patients' perceptions about barriers to self-management of diabetes that could possibly help explain poor health outcomes among minority patients.STUDY DESIGN: Four focus groups were conducted among 31 predominately African American patients with diabetes who were enrolled in the Baltimore Cardiovascular Partnership Study, a NIH-funded multiyear prospective partnership study. The topic guide consisted of a series of open-ended questions about knowledge of current health status, medication use, continuity of care, blood glucose level and nutrition.RESULTS: The focus groups confirmed that previously reported barriers to self-management persisted and identified new concerns that could be associated with poor health outcomes among minority patients with diabetes. Attitudes, perceptions and behaviors surrounding diabetes and self-management of the condition did vary across individuals, however, the variation appeared to reflect the individual's knowledge and opinions rather than patient's age, sex, or culture. The primary barrier to diabetes self-management resulted from lack of knowledge of target blood glucose and blood pressure. Several participants found some of the health information to be quite confusing.CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is a major public health concern and the lack of awareness of target blood glucose and blood pressure further complicates the problem. The limited health literacy seen in this study could help explain several of the barriers to self-management. The barriers to self-management identified in this qualitative study are amenable to intervention that could improve health outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Baltimore', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Literacy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty', 'Self Care']
| 21,462,726
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.500.100', 'Z01.433.100'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['I02.233.332.186.500', 'L01.143.450.500', 'N02.421.726.407.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Bulge ductility of several occlusal contact measuring paper-based and plastic-based sheets.
|
Articulating paper/film is a sheet strip that is coated with ink- or dye-containing wax and is used for marking occlusal contacts and monitoring the results. New types of occlusal film systems have been developed recently, which are capable of being computer-interfaced to identify the occlusal contact points and digitize the occlusal force. The mechanical ductility and thickness of these occlusal sheets constitute some of their important properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate seven different occlusal sheets and compare their bulge ductility and thickness. A custom-designed photo-sensing bulge tester was used. Three paper-based sheets (BAP, BET and SFA), two plastic-based sheets (ACF and AOS), and advanced systems (TSS and FDP) were tested. The specimen size was 20 mm square. Fifteen samples were tested for each material. The sheet film thickness with coated layers was as follows: BAP, 62 microns; BET, 46 microns; SFA, 133 microns; ACF, 23 microns; AOS, 14 microns; TSS, 134 microns; and FDP, 82 microns. Ductility (standard deviation) was as follows: BAP, 2.10 (0.0060)%; BET, 2.14 (0.008)%; SFA, 5.19 (0.57)%; ACF, 8.68 (0.05)%; AOS, 16.26 (0.41)%; TSS, 16.26 (0.41)%; and FDP, 6.37 (0.09)%. One-way ANOVA analysis indicated that (1) there in no statistical difference between BAP and BET (p > 0.001), (2) there is a statistical difference (p < 0.001) among all the rest of the tested occlusal sheets, and (3) bulge ductility appears to be linearly related to film thickness, its correlation depending upon types of base materials.
|
['Coloring Agents', 'Dental Occlusion, Balanced', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Ink', 'Materials Testing', 'Occlusal Adjustment', 'Paper', 'Photography', 'Plastics', 'Waxes']
| 9,408,578
|
[['D27.720.233'], ['E06.276.293'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['J01.637.500'], ['E05.570'], ['E06.658.578.200'], ['J01.637.650'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['D05.750.716', 'D25.720.716', 'J01.637.051.720.716'], ['D10.945']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of nicotine on blood flow and delayed neuronal death following intermittent transient ischemia in rat hippocampus.
|
A cholinergic neural vasodilative response in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, independent of metabolic vasodilation, was recently demonstrated by activating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) via activation of cholinergic neurons originating in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and septal complex in the basal forebrain and projecting to the cortex and hippocampus (see reviews by Sato A and Sato Y: Neurosci Res 14: 242--274, 1992; Sato A and Sato Y: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 9: 28--38, 1995). In the present study, we aimed to examine whether an increase in regional blood flow in the hippocampus (Hpc-BF) following stimulation of the nAChRs by i.v. injection of nicotine could improve the delayed death of the hippocampal neurons following transient ischemia in rats. Hpc-BF was measured by using a laser Doppler flowmeter. During intermittent (every 2 min) transient occlusion for a total of 6 min of bilateral carotid arteries besides permanent ligation of bilateral vertebral arteries, Hpc-BF decreased to about 16% of the preocclusion level, and 5 or 7 d later, after the occlusion, delayed neuronal death occurred in approximately 70% of the CA1 hippocampal neurons. Hpc-BF was increased dose-dependently by injection of nicotine (30--100 microg/kg, i.v.), independent of mean arterial pressure. Nicotine (30--100 microg/kg) administered 5 min before occlusion slightly but significantly attenuated the occlusion-induced decrease in Hpc-BF. The delayed death of the CA1 hippocampal neurons occurring after transient occlusion was attenuated by pretreatment with nicotine (30--100 microg/kg) to approximately 50% of the total neurons. The results indicate that nAChR stimulation-induced increases in Hpc-BF can protect against ischemia-induced delayed death of hippocampal neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Death', 'Hippocampus', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Nicotinic Agonists', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Vasodilation']
| 11,173,554
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.140.700', 'D27.505.696.577.120.140.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronicity of rheumatoid arthritis affects the responsiveness of physical function, but not of disease activity measures in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials.
|
BACKGROUND: In previous studies it has been indicated that functional measures are less responsive in patients with established or late rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared with early RA, potentially because chronic irreversible functional damage is present. Therefore, they may not be useful as disease activity measures. We aimed to investigate whether this is specific to functional measures, or if it similarly also relates to other typical RA disease activity measures.METHODS: We performed a pooled analysis of patient level clinical trial data of patients with RA. We investigated the effects of duration of RA on the responsiveness of all RA core set measures by using logistic regression analysis. We performed a number of sensitivity analyses to support our findings.RESULTS: The probability of response in functional scores decreased from ~60% in early disease to ~30% in established/late disease (p=0.0023). No other core set variable or composite index behaved in this way. The effect of chronicity solely on functional responses was confirmed in all sensitivity analyses, particularly also when joint damage was used as a surrogate of chronicity, responsiveness decreased from >60% in patients with little structural damage to <20% in patients with severe joint damage (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Physical function is among the most important outcomes of RA, but in contrast with other core set measures it is not a reliable measure for disease activity.
|
['Adalimumab', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Chronic Disease', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Disease Progression', 'Etanercept', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Infliximab', 'Isoxazoles', 'Leflunomide', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 24,431,396
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.250'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D12.644.541.500.697.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660.624', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.608', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.537', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.642'], ['D03.383.129.385'], ['D03.383.129.385.475'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of a strong-binding myosin analogue on calcium-sensitive mechanical properties of skinned skeletal muscle fibers.
|
The ability of strong-binding myosin heads to activate the thin filament was investigated by incubating skinned single muscle fibers with N-ethylmaleimide-(NEM) modified myosin subfragment-1 (S1). Isometric force was influenced in a complex manner: during maximal calcium activation, NEM-S1 inhibited force with half-maximal inhibition at 20 microM while at submaximal calcium, NEM-S1 potentiated force with greatest effect at 6 microM. When fibers were treated with NEM-S1 (4-8 microM), the tension-pCa (-log [Ca2+]) relationship became less steep (i.e. the Hill coefficient decreased from 5.4 to 3.0 upon treatment with NEM-S1), but the midpoint was unchanged. These results support the idea that strong binding of intrinsic heads contributes to the cooperativity observed in Ca2+ activation of force. The NEM-S1-induced increase in force at low Ca2+ was associated with an acceleration of a kinetic transition, and this transition was activated to near maximum while force was not. The rate of force redevelopment following restretch (ktr) at submaximal calcium was increased by NEM-S1 in a concentration-dependent manner, yielding a maximum rate at low [Ca2+] which was similar to that observed during full activation. The effects of NEM-S1 on force and ktr indicate that strong-binding myosin cross-bridges are involved in activation of the thin filament.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Muscles', 'Myosins', 'Rabbits']
| 1,400,367
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metabolic and cardiovascular responses following oral and nasal intubation of the trachea.
|
The cardiovascular and metabolic responses to oral and nasal intubation of the trachea were studied in 24 unpremedicated patients, free from cardiovascular disease and scheduled for excision of breast lump. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded with a Dinamap 1846 SX before and at 1 minute intervals for 10 minutes following oral (group A = 12 patients) or nasal (group B = 12 patients) intubation. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured at 1 minute intervals for 10 minutes following tracheal intubation using the Engstr?m Metabolic Computer and an infrared CO2 analyzer. No significant differences in SBP and HR preinduction and postintubation values were found between the two groups. Both oral and nasal intubation were associated with significant increases in VO2 (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001 respectively), VCO2 (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001), SBP (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001) and HR (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001). Nasal intubation of the trachea was associated with significantly higher VO2 (p less than 0.05-0.01) and VCO2 (p less than 0.05-0.001) values when compared with the VO2 and VCO2 values following oral intubations.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth', 'Nose', 'Oxygen Consumption']
| 2,124,409
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['G03.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Estrogen- and androgen-sensitive bioassays based on primary cell and tissue slice cultures from three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
|
Endocrine disrupting compounds are chemicals that may interfere with the endocrine system causing severe effects in organisms. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) offers a potential for the assessment of endocrine disruption caused by a) estrogenic xenobiotics through the estrogen-dependent protein vitellogenin and b) androgenic xenobiotics through the androgen-dependent protein spiggin. The stickleback is presently the only known fish species with a quantifiable androgen and anti-androgen biomarker endpoint. In the current study, hepatocyte and kidney primary cell cultures and liver and kidney tissue slice cultures were prepared and used for detecting estrogenic or androgenic activity in vitro through the action of hormones or municipal sewage water. The results indicate that stickleback male hepatocyte cultures are suitable in detecting estrogenic activity and stickleback female kidney tissue slice cultures in detecting androgenic activity. The tested sewage water showed high estrogenic activity but no significant androgenic activity. Primary cell and tissue slice cultures isolated from the three-spined stickleback will allow simultaneously screening in vitro for potential estrogenic and androgenic activity of complex samples.
|
['Androgens', 'Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Biomarkers', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Fish Proteins', 'Hepatocytes', 'Hormone Antagonists', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Sewage', 'Smegmamorpha', 'Tissue Culture Techniques', 'Vitellogenins', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 17,627,896
|
[['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D12.776.325'], ['A11.436.348'], ['D06.347', 'D27.505.696.399.450'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850'], ['E05.481.500.617'], ['D12.776.093.500.925', 'D12.776.290.812.500', 'D12.776.744.925'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolated severe microblepharon in a neonate: a rare case.
|
PURPOSE: To report a rare case of isolated severe microblepharon in a neonate.METHODS: A 27 days old male child was brought by parents with redness, photophobia and discharge for two weeks. Thorough ophthalmological and systemic examination was performed.RESULTS: The diagnosis of isolated severe microblepharon with infectious keratitis was made. After the appropriate management of infectious keratitis and achieving complete resolution, the child was subjected to bilateral lid reconstruction was done in the form of upper lid skin grafting and tarsorrhaphy and the patient is being followed up.CONCLUSION: A rare case of bilateral isolated severe microblepharon affecting all four eyelids is being reported. Urgent surgical intervention is recommended in such cases in order to achieve good corneal coverage which results in faster healing of infective keratitis and a good visual outcome.
|
['Blepharoplasty', 'Eyelid Diseases', 'Eyelids', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Rare Diseases', 'Skin Transplantation']
| 28,803,395
|
[['E04.540.104', 'E04.680.275.090'], ['C11.338'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cytokines and neutrophils responses in influenza pneumonia.
|
This case report shows a striking correlation of remarkable brief high levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines coupled with increased neutrophil activation, followed by a sharp decrease in cytokine levels and increased neutrophil apoptosis associated with the favorable clinical outcomes of a patient with severe influenza infection. The host response examined in our case is not complete, given it did not assess the full spectrum of host response. The brief neutrophil and cytokine response seen in our case in the absence of antiviral therapy and in the presence of methotrexate immunosuppressive therapy rise the question as to whether the latter optimally modulated the macrophage function, resulting in a favorable outcome of severe influenza viral infection.
|
['Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Influenza, Human', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Pneumonia, Viral']
| 23,589,279
|
[['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial arrangement of cerebro-pontine terminals.
|
Understanding the interaction of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum requires knowledge of the highly complex spatial characteristics of cerebro-cerebellar signal transfer. Cerebro-pontine fibers from one neocortical site terminate in several sharply demarcated patches across large parts of the pontine nuclei (PN), and fibers from different neocortical areas terminate in the same pontine region. To determine whether projections from segregated neocortical sites overlap in the PN, we studied double anterograde tracing of cerebro-pontine terminals from large parts of rat neocortex. In none of these experiments, including double injection into two functionally related areas, were we able to demonstrate overlapping patches, although close spatial relationships were always detected. This non-overlapping distribution is consistent with a compartmentalized organization of the cerebro-pontine projection and may be the basis of the fractured type of maps found in the cerebellar granular layer. The critical distance between two sites on the neocortical surface that project to non-overlapping patches in the PN was found to be 600 microm, by using double injection within the whisker representation of the primary somatosensory area. This matches the diameter of dendritic trees of layer 5 projection neurons, indicating that non-overlapping populations of neocortical projection neurons possess non-overlapping patches of pontine terminals. Estimations based on this critical distance and the pontine volume anterogradely labeled by one injection site indicate that the size of the PN may be well suited to accommodate a complete set of non-overlapping pontine patches from all possible neocortical sites.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Dendrites', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Male', 'Motor Cortex', 'Neocortex', 'Neural Pathways', 'Pons', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Stereotaxic Techniques', 'Visual Cortex']
| 11,406,823
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.420'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600'], ['A08.675.542.145.750', 'A08.850.700', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.700', 'A11.671.137.750', 'A11.671.501.145.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['E04.525.800', 'E05.873'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch: rise and fall of the pioneer of thoracic surgery.
|
Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875-1951) was a pioneer of thoracic and cardiac surgery and is undoubtedly one of the twentieth century's most outstanding surgeons. Before 1904 operations on the thorax met with fatal complications due to pneumothorax. Sauerbruch developed a pressure-differential chamber that maintained normal respiration and enabled safe operations to be undertaken on the thorax. Together with von Mikulicz, he initiated intrathoracic operations and later developed various surgical procedures on the mediastinum, lungs, pericardium, heart, and esophagus. The simple yet effective techniques of positive-pressure ventilation replaced the expensive, cumbersome negative-pressure chamber. Sauerbruch's latter years were marred by dementia that adversely affected his personality, intellect, and capacity as a surgeon. The unjustifiable toll of increasing patient morbidity and mortality forced authorities to dismiss him in 1949. He died at the age of 76 in Berlin. After almost a century since the advent of the first safe thoracic surgery, the advances in technique and technology have been enormous. A great deal is owed to the inspiration and contributions of Ferdinand Sauerbruch.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Germany', 'History, 20th Century', 'Thoracic Surgery']
| 11,571,966
|
[['E05.320'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['H02.403.810.803']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Tired blood and rusty livers.
|
Iron deficiency is one of the most serious nutritional problems confronting the United States and the world today. An understanding of the mechanisms operative in the control of uptake and utilization of iron is essential to develop suitable prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Iron excess can also be a serious health hazard. Studies on Bantu siderosis, hemochromatosis and other overload pathologies also provide insight into the intake and storage of this metal. Several models for iron transport across the mucosal membrane are developed. The most satisfactory seems to involve chelation of the iron to provide solubility diffusion passively across the gut membrane, and equilibrium binding to various storage sites within the tissue. Both ferric and ferrous forms are available. The solution chemistry of iron governs its biological behavior. Low-molecular-weight compounds present in normal dietary foodstuffs, as well as those prepared synthetically, can enhance the uptake of oral iron. Suitable application of complexes of iron with fructose, nitrilotriacetate, citrate and other molecules should be efficacious in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Potential dangers of food fortification with iron are acknowledged, and application of immunoassay techniques for measuring circulating ferritin suggest it as a rapid and inexpensive monitor for overload.
|
['Alcoholism', 'Anemia, Hypochromic', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Child', 'Female', 'Ferrous Compounds', 'Hemosiderosis', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Iron Chelating Agents', 'Liver Diseases', 'Male', 'Siderosis']
| 1,252,066
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['C15.378.071.196'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D01.490.200'], ['C18.452.565.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D27.505.519.914.500.410', 'D27.720.832.500.410'], ['C06.552'], ['C08.381.483.581.750', 'C08.381.520.702.750', 'C24.800.773']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spontaneous resistance to acute T-cell leukaemias in TCRV gamma 1.1J gamma 4C gamma 4 transgenic mice.
|
The concept of tumour surveillance implies that specific and non-specific components of the immune system eliminate tumours in the early phase of malignancy. The immunological mechanisms that control growth of preneoplastic cells are, however, not known. T cells expressing gamma delta T-cell receptors (TCR) were first described as lymphocytes with reactivity against various tumour cells, which suggests that gamma delta T cells could mediate tumour surveillance. Here we show that TCRV gamma 1.1J gamma 4C gamma 4 transgenic mice are spontaneously resistant to acute T-cell leukaemias but cannot reject non-haematopoietic tumours. TCRV gamma 1.1J gamma 4C gamma 4+ hybridomas isolated from these mice react in vitro against almost all haematopoietic tumour cell lines tested. Recognition of tumour cells depends on the gamma delta TCR but is independent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, or TAP-2 peptide transporter expression. Ligand recognition is influenced by the murine Nromp gene, which confers resistance or susceptibility to tuberculosis, lepra and leishmaniasis. These data indicate that TCRV gamma 1.1+ T cells confer spontaneous immunity against haematopoietic tumours in vivo and link innate resistance to bacterial infections with tissue-specific tumour surveillance by gamma delta+ T cells.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,746,326
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['G12.450.564'], ['C04.557.337.428.580.100', 'C15.604.515.560.575.100', 'C20.683.515.528.582.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.830'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis patients: 9-year experience of a single center from north India.
|
OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of published data on the outcome of maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) since the initiation of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) in India in 1991. The purpose of this study is to report long-term clinical outcomes of PD patients at a single center.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: A government-owned tertiary-care hospital in North India.PATIENTS: Patients who were initiated on CAPD between October 2002 and June 2011, and who survived and/or had more than 6 months' follow-up on this treatment with last follow-up till December 31, 2011, were studied.RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of the patients was 60.2 ± 9.2 years. The majority (65%) of the patients lived in rural areas. A high proportion (47%) were diabetic and 62% had ? 2 comorbidities. Total duration on peritoneal dialysis treatment was 1,773 patient-months (148 patient-years) with a mean duration of 29.6 ± 23 patient-months and median duration of 25 patient-months (range 6 - 110 patient-months). Overall patient and technique survival at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 77%, 53%, 25%, 15%, and 10% respectively. Patient survival of diabetics vs non-diabetics at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 68% vs 84%, 54% vs 53%, 14% vs 34%, 11% vs 19%, and 11% vs 13%, respectively. The mortality in non-diabetics (16/32) was less than that in diabetic (18/28) patients (p = not significant). The main cause of mortality in these patients was cardiac followed by sepsis. There were 58 episodes of peritonitis. The rate of peritonitis was 1 episode per 30.6 patient-months or 0.39 episodes per patient-year. Furthermore, the total number of episodes of peritonitis and number of episodes of peritonitis per patient were higher in the non-survival group (p < 0.05). The incidence of tuberculosis (TB), herpes zoster (HZ) and hernias was 15%, 10% and 5% respectively.CONCLUSION: The study reports long-term outcomes of the PD patients, the majority of whom were elderly with a high burden of comorbidities. There was a high proportion of diabetics. The survival of diabetic vs non-diabetic and elderly vs non-elderly PD patients was similar in our study. The mortality in non-diabetics was less than that in diabetic patients. TB and HZ were common causes of morbidity. Peritonitis was associated with mortality in these patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'India', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,385,327
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estimation of the contribution of norketamine to ketamine-induced acute pain relief and neurocognitive impairment in healthy volunteers.
|
BACKGROUND: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine is metabolized in the liver into its active metabolite norketamine. No human data are available on the relative contribution of norketamine to ketamine-induced analgesia and side effects. One approach to assess the ketamine and norketamine contributions is by measuring the ketamine effect at varying ketamine and norketamine plasma concentrations using the CYP450 inducer rifampicin.METHODS: In 12 healthy male volunteers the effect of rifampicin versus placebo pretreatment on S-ketamine-induced analgesia and cognition was quantified; the S-ketamine dosage was 20 mg/h for 2 h. The relative ketamine and norketamine contribution to effect was estimated using a linear additive population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model.RESULTS: S-ketamine produced significant analgesia, psychotropic effects (drug high), and cognitive impairment (including memory impairment and reduced psychomotor speed, reaction time, and cognitive flexibility). Modeling revealed a negative contribution of S-norketamine to S-ketamine- induced analgesia and absence of contribution to cognitive impairment. At ketamine and norketamine effect concentrations of 100 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml, respectively, the ketamine contribution to analgesia is -3.8 cm (visual analog pain score) versus a contribution of norketamine of +1.5 cm, causing an overall effect of -2.3 cm. The blood-effect site equilibration half-life ranged from 0 (cognitive flexibility) to 11.8 (pain intensity) min and was 6.1 min averaged across all endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: This first observation that norketamine produces effects in the opposite direction of ketamine requires additional proof. It can explain the observation of ketamine-related excitatory phenomena (such as hyperalgesia and allodynia) upon the termination of ketamine infusions.
|
['Acute Pain', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analgesics', 'Cognition', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Ketamine', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Young Adult']
| 22,692,377
|
[['C23.888.592.612.081'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['F02.463.188'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surveying Care Teams after in-Hospital Deaths to Identify Preventable Harm and Opportunities to Improve Advance Care Planning.
|
BACKGROUND: Reviewing in-hospital deaths is one way of learning how to improve the quality and safety of care. Postdeath surveys sent to the care team for patients who died may have a role in identifying opportunities for improvement. As part of a quality improvement initiative, a postdeath care team survey was developed to explore how it might augment the existing process for learning from deaths.METHODS: A survey was sent to the care team for all inpatient deaths on the hospital medicine and medical ICU services at one institution. Survey responses were reviewed to identify cases that required further investigation. An iterative process of inductive coding was used to create a coding taxonomy to classify survey response free-text comments.RESULTS: During the distribution period (September 25, 2015-December 28, 2015), 82 patients died, and 191 care team members were surveyed. Responses (138; 72.3% response rate) were collected through January 28, 2016. Based on the survey responses, 5 patients (6.1%) not identified by other review processes were investigated further, resulting in the identification of several important opportunities for improvement. The free-text comment analysis revealed themes around the importance of advance care planning in seriously ill patients, as well as evidence of the emotional and psychological strain on clinicians who care for patients who die.CONCLUSION: Postdeath care team surveys can augment mortality review processes to improve the way hospitals learn from deaths. Free-text comments on such surveys provide information not otherwise identified during traditional mortality review processes, including the importance of advance care planning and the strain on clinicians whose patients die.
|
['Advance Care Planning', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Patient Safety', 'Quality Improvement', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,389,464
|
[['N04.590.233.624.124'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pre-operative isotope liver scanning in clinicopathological staging of patients with large bowel cancer.
|
Isotope liver scanning is an accurate technique for detecting liver metastases from large bowel cancer. In this retrospective study of patients who had a resection for bowel cancer, the accuracy of liver scanning was 95%. However, the scan accuracy as defined by median survival time was insufficient to detect liver metastases missed by the surgeon at operation and did not alter the clinicopathological stage of the patient's disease.
|
['Actuarial Analysis', 'Aged', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid']
| 3,475,059
|
[['E05.318.740.100', 'N05.715.360.750.100', 'N06.850.520.830.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D01.875.900', 'D01.925.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of miR-106a in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance.
|
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. miRNA-106a (miR-106a) has oncogenic activity in humans, and often has altered expression. The clinical significance of miR-106a in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma is poorly understood.METHODS: The level of miR-106a in 55 gastric carcinoma and 17 non-tumor tissues was quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and the relationship between miR-106a level and clinical and pathological factors was explored.RESULTS: The level of miR-106a in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in non-tumor tissues, with an average 1.625-fold increase. miR-106a level was significantly associated with tumor stage, size and differentiation; lymphatic and distant metastasis; and invasion (P<0.01). The altered expression of miR-106a was confirmed in gastric cancer cell lines.CONCLUSION: miR-106a may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'E2F1 Transcription Factor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Retinoblastoma Protein', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Up-Regulation']
| 18,996,365
|
[['D23.101'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.360.024.328.049', 'D12.776.157.057.158.049', 'D12.776.476.024.420.049', 'D12.776.660.769.049', 'D12.776.930.211.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.260.704', 'D12.776.624.776.745', 'D12.776.660.807', 'D12.776.744.770'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The transcription factor Rfx7 limits metabolism of NK cells and promotes their maintenance and immunity.
|
Regulatory factor X 7 (Rfx7) is an uncharacterized transcription factor belonging to a family involved in ciliogenesis and immunity. Here, we found that deletion of Rfx7 leads to a decrease in natural killer (NK) cell maintenance and immunity in vivo. Genomic approaches showed that Rfx7 coordinated a transcriptional network controlling cell metabolism. Rfx7-/- NK lymphocytes presented increased size, granularity, proliferation, and energetic state, whereas genetic reduction of mTOR activity mitigated those defects. Notably, Rfx7-deficient NK lymphocytes were rescued by interleukin 15 through engagement of the Janus kinase (Jak) pathway, thus revealing the importance of this signaling for maintenance of such spontaneously activated NK cells. Rfx7 therefore emerges as a novel transcriptional regulator of NK cell homeostasis and metabolic quiescence.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chimera', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interleukin-15', 'Janus Kinases', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Regulatory Factor X1', 'Signal Transduction', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 29,967,452
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['B05.200'], ['G03.295'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.515', 'D12.776.467.374.465.515', 'D23.529.374.465.515'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124', 'D12.776.476.393'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.260.950.624.500', 'D12.776.930.977.624.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence valued and used by health promotion practitioners.
|
The use of evidence has become a foundational part of health promotion practice. Although there is a general consensus that adopting an evidence-based approach is necessary for practice, disagreement remains about what types of evidence practitioners should use to guide their work. An empirical understanding of how practitioners conceptualize and use evidence has been lacking in the literature. In this article, we explore (i) practitioners' purposes for using evidence, (ii) types of evidence they valued, and (iii) qualities that made evidence useful for practice. 58 semi-structured interviews and 250 h of participant and non-participant observation were conducted with 54 health promotion practitioners working across New South Wales, Australia. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and field notes were written during the observations; these were analysed using Grounded Theory methods. Practitioners used evidence for practical and strategic purposes, and valued four different types of evidence according to their relevance and usefulness for these purposes. Practitioners' ideal evidence was generated within their practice settings, and met both substantive and procedural evaluation criteria. We argue that due to the complex nature of their work, practitioners rely on a diverse range of evidence and require organizational structures that will support them in doing so.
|
['Communication', 'Data Accuracy', 'Evidence-Based Practice', 'Grounded Theory', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'New South Wales', 'Research Design']
| 25,502,964
|
[['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E05.318.308.028', 'E05.318.370.725.250', 'L01.399.250.202', 'N05.715.360.300.202', 'N05.715.360.325.685.250'], ['H02.249'], ['H01.770.644.241.424'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Purification and characterization of Leydig cells from rat testes.
|
An LH-responsive Leydig cell preparation (containing 6+/-2% Leydig cells) was obtained by collagenase treatment of rat testis. Centrifugation of this cell preparation through a 13% Ficoll solution for 10 min at 1500 g resulted in a four times purification of the Leydig cells, with a concomitant increases in steroidogenic activity. Addition of 0-2% albumin to the 13% Ficoll solution, adjusted to 280 mosmol/l, resulted in a further twofold purification of the Leydig cells paralleled by a twofold increase in steroidogenic activity. Centrifugation of these Ficoll-albumin-purified Leydig cells through a 6% dextran solution for 2 min at 100 g resulted in a further 1-7 times purification of the Leydig cells. A combination of the two centrifugation steps resulted in a 12-5 times purification of Leydig cells compared with the original crude cell suspension, while an increase in steroidogenic activity of 22-5 times was obtained. This final cell preparation contained 59 +/- 17% Leydig cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 6). The recovery of Leydig cells was 29%. Collagenase treatment of testes deficient in spermatogenesis resulted in a cell preparation with the same steroidogenic activity as Ficoll-purified cells from normal testes. Centrifugation of these cells through a 13% Ficoll solution gave only a limited increase in the steroidogenic activity. Isopycnic centrifugation of the crude cell preparation on a discontinous Ficoll metrizoate gradient resulted in two discrete peaks of Leydig cells, one peak at a density of 1-039-1-055 g/ml and one at a density of 1-068-1-088 g/ml. Both types of cells produced testosterone. In the presence of LH, cyclic AMP production in both types of Leydig cells increased, but testosterone production was only increased by LH in the "denser" Leydig cells and not in the "light" Leydig cells. No difference in sensitivity to LH could be observed between the Leydig cell preparations of different purity. Using a 60 min pre-incubation period the highest testosterone response was obtained with 100-1000 ng LH/ml. The same maximum testosterone response was obtained with 10-100 ng LH/ml when the pre-incubation period was omitted.
|
['Albumins', 'Animals', 'Cell Separation', 'Centrifugation', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Dextrans', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Esterases', 'Ficoll', 'Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Leydig Cells', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Microbial Collagenase', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rats', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Testis', 'Testosterone']
| 185,309
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E05.181'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D08.811.277.352'], ['D09.698.330'], ['D08.811.682.047.436'], ['A05.360.444.849.513', 'A06.300.312.782.513', 'A11.382.906', 'A11.436.513'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.500'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phenobarbital-induced hepatocellular proliferation: anti-bromodeoxyuridine and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunocytochemistry.
|
We report modifications to immunocytochemical detection procedures for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which permit its identification in liver samples previously fixed for BrdU immunocytochemistry. Both methods have been used for the assessment of phenobarbital-induced cell proliferation in rat liver. The difficulties associated with the hitherto unsuccessful application of PCNA immunocytochemical methods to tissues fixed in formalin for BrdU visualization were overcome by epitope unmasking with acid hydrolysis, extension of primary antiserum (PC10) incubation, and employment of streptavidin-ABC-HRP. BrdU delivery via osmotic minipumps for 48 hr before euthanasia, followed by fixation in cold formalin for 14 days, yielded reliable and reproducible hepatocellular labeling and a peak of cell proliferation in all lobes on Day 3 (i.e., labeling during Days 1-3) of dosing with 80 mg/kg/day phenobarbital. Labeling indices (LI) of both control and phenobarbital-treated liver were lower in the left and right median lobes as compared with the lateral lobes. In sections of the left lateral lobe from the same liver, PCNA immunocytochemistry revealed a peak of proliferative activity (about one third of the maximum LI generated by BrdU incorporation) on Day 1. These findings, together with the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques, are discussed in the context of their applications to different investigative requirements.
|
['Animals', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Histocytological Preparation Techniques', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Liver', 'Mitosis', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phenobarbital', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,093,255
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.620', 'E01.370.225.750.600', 'E05.200.500.620', 'E05.200.750.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A03.620'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A cross-sectional study of 329 farms in England to identify risk factors for ovine clinical mastitis.
|
The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) and identify risk factors for clinical mastitis in suckler ewes to generate hypotheses for future study. A postal questionnaire was sent to 999 randomly selected English sheep farmers in 2010 to gather data on farmer reported IRCM and flock management practices for the calendar year 2009, of which 329 provided usable information. The mean IRCM per flock was 1.2/100 ewes/year (CI:1.10:1.35). The IRCM was 2.0, 0.9 and 1.3/100 ewes/year for flocks that lambed indoors, outdoors and a combination of both, respectively. Farmers ran a variety of managements before, during and after lambing that were not comparable within one model, therefore six mixed effects over-dispersed Poisson regression models were developed. Factors significantly associated with increased IRCM were increasing percentage of the flock with poor udder conformation, increasing mean number of lambs reared/ewe and when some or all ewes lambed in barns compared with outdoors (Model 1). For ewes housed in barns before lambing (Model 2), concrete, earth and other materials were associated with an increase in IRCM compared with hardcore floors (an aggregate of broken bricks and stones). For ewes in barns during lambing (Model 3), an increase in IRCM was associated with concrete compared with hardcore flooring and where bedding was stored covered outdoors or in a building compared with bedding stored outdoors uncovered. For ewes in barns after lambing (Model 4), increased IRCM was associated with earth compared with hardcore floors, and when fresh bedding was added once per week compared with at a frequency of ?2 days or twice/week. The IRCM was lower for flocks where some or all ewes remained in the same fields before, during and after lambing compared with flocks that did not (Model 5). Where ewes and lambs were turned outdoors after lambing (Model 6), the IRCM increased as the age of the oldest lambs at turnout increased. We conclude that the reported IRCM is low but highly variable and that the complexity of management of sheep around lambing limits the insight into generating hypotheses at flock level for risks for clinical mastitis across the whole industry. Whilst indoor production was generally associated with an increased IRCM, for ewes with large litter size indoor lambing was protective, we hypothesise that this is possibly because of better nutrition or reduced exposure to poor weather and factors associated with hygiene.
|
['Animals', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'England', 'Female', 'Incidence', 'Mastitis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sheep', 'Sheep Diseases']
| 26,809,634
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C13.703.844.603', 'C17.800.090.968'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C22.836']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of ubidecarenone using three short-term assays.
|
Addition of ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), to foods has been proposed for its nutritive value. Ubidecarenone is present naturally in a number of foods, including meats (e.g., beef, chicken) and fish (e.g., herring, rainbow trout), and on average, people are estimated to consume 2-20 mg/day of this metabolically important substance. Currently, relatively little formal evidence regarding the safety of ubidecarenone has been identified in the toxicology literature, despite its consumption by humans for centuries without reported notable adverse effects. As such, a series of toxicological studies, including mouse bone marrow micronucleus, chromosomal aberration, and bacterial reverse mutation tests, were conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro mutagenic potential of CoQ(10). The test article, ubidecarenone, was devoid of clastogenic activity when administered orally to mice at doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day. In addition, the test article did not induce chromosomal aberration in CHL/IU cells exposed to concentrations as great as 5.0 mg/ml, nor did it induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli at concentrations as great as 5000 microg/plate.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Coenzymes', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Mutation', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Ubiquinone']
| 16,198,039
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['D08.211'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['D02.806.250.900', 'D08.211.935']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hyperascyrones A-H, polyprenylated spirocyclic acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum ascyron Linn.
|
Eight polyprenylated spirocyclic acylphloroglucinol derivatives (PSAPs), hyperascyrones A-H, were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum ascyron Linn., together with six known analogs. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism calculations (ECD, Gaussian 09). Structures of previously reported tomoeones C, D, G, and H were revised. Hyperascyrones A-H were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 activities, with hyperascyrones C and G exhibiting significant cytotoxicities against HL-60 cell lines with IC50 values of 4.22 and 8.36 ìM, respectively. In addition, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also discussed.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'HIV-1', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Hypericum', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Phloroglucinol', 'Spiro Compounds']
| 25,800,107
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625.500'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.684'], ['D02.455.426.779', 'D04.711']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The "Health Benefits" of Moderate Drinking in Older Adults may be Better Explained by Socioeconomic Status.
|
Objectives: To assess whether a relationship between alcohol use and health exists for older adults before and after controlling for proxy and full indicators of socioeconomic status (SES).Method: Secondary analysis of data from 2,908 participants in the New Zealand Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2012) completing measures of alcohol use, health, SES proxies (income, education) and SES. Sample mean age was 65, 52% were female, more than 80% were drinkers, and more than 75% had educational qualifications.Results: Moderate drinkers had better health and SES than heavier or nondrinkers. The positive influence of moderate alcohol consumption on health was observed for men and women when controlling for SES proxies, but was substantially reduced in women and completely disappeared for men when controlling for full SES.Discussion: SES plays a key role in presumed "heath benefits" of moderate alcohol consumption for older adults. It accounts for any alcohol-health relationship in a sample of men of whom 45% consume at least one drink daily, and substantially attenuates the association between alcohol and health in a sample of women who are not frequent drinkers. Prior research may have missed the influence of SES on this alcohol-health relationship due to the use of incomplete SES measures.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'New Zealand', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Class']
| 27,927,745
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['N01.824.196'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to G-protein alpha-subunit subclasses identify a transductional requirement for the modulation of normal feeding dependent on G alpha OA subunit.
|
A variety of G-protein-coupled receptors are proposed to participate in the modulation of ingestive behavior and in the mode of action of antiobesity drugs. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of G-protein alpha-subunit subclasses (molecular transducers of multiple chemical signals) in the control of ingestive behavior. We report here that the chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinfusion for 72 h (via osmotic minipumps) with antisense phosphothio-oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to G-protein alpha-subunitO common (to OA and OB) and OA subclasses decrease the nighttime food intake without affecting water intake in rats. Computerized analyses of the microstructure of feeding indicate that the G alpha OA antisense depresses feeding by reducing meal frequency, while meal size and meal duration increased slightly, but not significantly. The effects of G alpha O common and G alpha OA antisense on feeding are specific since the chronic i.c.v. microinfusion of sense to G alpha O common or G alpha OA, antisense to the related subclass G alpha OB, and antisense to other G-protein alpha-subunits (G alpha S, G alpha Q, G alpha 11 and G alpha i common) had no effect on food or water intake. The observed effects by G alpha O common and G alpha OA antisense imply a direct action in the central nervous system since the chronic subcutaneous microinfusion of G alpha O common and G alpha OA antisense in doses equivalent to two-fold higher relative to those administered centrally had no effect on food intake. The chronic microinfusion of G alpha O common antisense drastically decreased the levels of G alpha O protein detected in immunoblots of hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei. The results suggest that the G-protein alpha-subunit subclass G alpha OA is critical for the integrative modulation of normal feeding behavior, and that changes in its activity may be associated with modifications of feeding. These studies also show a novel approach to study the molecular basis of specific behaviors by manipulating elements of the transductional systems.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Feeding Behavior', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Immunoblotting', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reference Values', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thionucleotides', 'Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus']
| 8,774,947
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.352.953', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a process for large-scale purification of C-phycocyanin from Synechocystis aquatilis using expanded bed adsorption chromatography.
|
In this paper a large and scaleable method for purification of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis aquatilis has been developed. Phycobiliproteins are extracted from the cells by osmotic shock and separated by passing the centrifuged cell suspension through an expanded bed adsorption chromatography (EBAC) column using Streamline-DEAE as adsorbent. The eluted C-PC rich solution is finally purified by packed-bed chromatography using DEAE-cellulose. Optimal extraction is achieved using phosphate 0.05 M buffer pH 7.0 twice. The operation of EBAC is optimized on a small scale using a column of 15 mm internal diameter (I.D.). The optimal conditions are a sample load of 4.9 mg C-PC/mL adsorbent, an expanded bed volume twice the settled bed volume and a sample viscosity of 1.020 mP. The EBAC process is then scaled up by increasing the column I.D. (15, 25, 40, 60 and 90 mm) and the success of the scale-up process is verified by determining the protein breakthrough capacity and product recovery. The yield of the EBAC step is in the range of 90-93% for every column diameter. To obtain pure C-PC, conventional ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-cellulose is utilized and a yield of 74% is obtained. The overall yield of the process, comprising all steps, is 69%. The purification steps are monitored using SDS-PAGE and the purity of recovered C-PC is confirmed by absorption and emission spectroscopy and RP-HPLC. Results show that EBAC method is a scalable technology that allows large quantities of C-PC to be obtained without product loss, maintaining a high protein recovery while reducing both processing cost and time.
|
['Adsorption', 'Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Phycocyanin', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Synechocystis', 'Viscosity']
| 21,292,571
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E05.196.181.400.383.349'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D05.500.562.488.490.500.500.755', 'D08.811.600.710.490.500.500.755', 'D12.776.765.650', 'D23.767.690'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['B03.280.750', 'B03.440.475.100.750'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence and prognostic importance of lymph node metastases in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 228 cases (1986-2003).
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and determine whether regional lymph node metastasis was associated with shortened disease-free interval or survival time.DESIGN: Retrospective study.ANIMALS: 228 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma in which regional lymph nodes were examined histologically at the time of limb amputation.PROCEDURE: Information collected from the medical records included signalment; affected site; initial serum alkaline phosphatase activity; whether treatment involved adjuvant chemotherapy and, if so, chemotherapeutic agents administered and number of treatments; disease-free interval; and survival time.RESULTS: 10 (4.4%) dogs had histologic evidence of regional lymph node metastasis at the time of amputation. Median disease-free interval for dogs without regional lymph node metastasis (238 days; range, 0 to 1,067 days) was significantly longer than median disease-free interval for dogs with regional lymph node metastasis (48 days; range, 2 to 269 days). Median survival time for dogs without lymph node metastasis (318 days; range, 20 to 1,711 days) was significantly longer than median survival time for dogs with lymph node metastasis (59 days; range, 19 to 365 days).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that regional lymph node metastasis is rare in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma but that dogs with lymph node metastasis have a poorer prognosis than do dogs without.
|
['Amputation', 'Animals', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Extremities', 'Female', 'Incidence', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 15,844,430
|
[['E04.555.080'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A01.378'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Annexin A3 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study.
|
To validate the correlation between ANXA3 expression and prognosis in breast cancer, a retrospective study encompassing 309 breast cancer patients was performed. The expression of ANXA3 was determined by the immunohistochemical examination of tissue sections by the Max Vision™ method. The ANXA3 levels in the patient samples were validated for the prognosis based on age, menopause status, tumor size, tumor node, metastasis stage, the number of lymphatic metastases, oncology grade, and molecular subtyping. An elevated expression of ANXA3 was detected in breast cancer samples, compared to adjacent tissue samples, and significant correlation depending on the number of lymphatic metastases (P = 0.001) and histological grade (P = 0.004) was observed. The number of lymphatic metastases and ANXA3 expression were identified as independent risk factors affecting the disease-free survival and overall survival. Significantly (P < 0.002) higher level of ANXA3 was detected in triple-negative breast cancer compared to other subtypes. There was no significant (P > 0.05) change in the expression of ANXA3 with respect to age, menopausal status, tumor size, and clinical stage. The findings implicate the expression of ANXA3 with the natural progression of breast cancer and associate it with increased lymphatic metastasis. The study validates the use of ANXA3 as a potential prognosis biomarker for breast cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Annexin A3', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']
| 28,497,041
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.050', 'D12.776.157.125.050.070'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Recurrent pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)].
|
AIM: The pigmented vilionodular synovitis (PVNS) is a tumour like disease of unknown origin that often shows recurrence. The pathogenesis is still unknown and therefore the question of the right therapy is not resolved.MATERIAL: With a case report of a patient with recurrence after two arthroscopic synovectomies, PVNS is discussed against the background of the clinical, histological, and radiological features.RESULTS: We performed an open synovectomy and cystic lesions in both condyles of the femur and proximal tibia were filled with homologous and autologous cancellous bone. Three months later the patient had no pain and the bone density in the former cystic lesions was appropriate.DISCUSSION: The pathogenesis is still unknown. Diagnosis often is obtained much too late due to missing specific symptoms. PVNS occurs in local forms as well as in a diffuse growth pattern. Recurrence rates of up to 78% are very high. Besides arthroscopic and open synovectomy, the treatment with radiosynoviorthesis must be considered. Depending on the growth pattern, the tumour masses, and the affected joint, the therapy has to be chosen very carefully and sometimes different forms have to be combined if a recurrence--free result is to be achieved.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Recurrence', 'Reoperation', 'Synovectomy', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular']
| 11,558,057
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E04.690'], ['E04.555.640'], ['A02.835.583.443.800'], ['C04.557.450.565.380.690.500', 'C05.550.870.445.500', 'C05.651.869.762.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Better posttransplant outcome with fludarabine based conditioning in multitransfused fanconi anemia patients who underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
|
Several investigators have been looking for less toxic conditioning regimen for stem cell transplantation in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients because of sensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents and tendency to malignancy. We report 16 multitransfused FA patients who underwent peripheral stem cell transplantation from 13 related and 3 unrelated donors. Although the first 6 patients received thoraco-abdominal irradiation + cyclophosphamide + antithymocyte globulin (regimen A) for conditioning, fludarabine (FLU) + cyclophosphamide + antithymocyte globulin (regimen B) were used in the last 10 patients in which 3 of them received unrelated graft. Cyclosporin A was given alone for the related allografts but also included mycophenolate mofetil for the unrelated allograft as graft versus host disease prophylaxis. We observed a lower risk of peritransplant morbidity and mortality with fewer and milder graft versus host disease in FLU based group. We lost 3 patients in regimen A group and 1 of them from secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Three patients are alive with transfusion independent. In regimen B group, 9 of 10 patients are alive with normal hematologic parameters and full donor chimerism. The longest follow-up durations are 90 and 60 months in regimen A and B, respectively. In conclusion, FLU based conditioning is more effective and successful with lower toxicity in multitransfused FA patients. However, it needs more experience and longer follow up duration.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antilymphocyte Serum', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Fanconi Anemia', 'Female', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Radiotherapy', 'Transplantation Conditioning', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vidarabine']
| 19,564,748
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A12.207.152.846.500.203', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.203', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.203', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.203', 'D20.215.401.203'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['C15.378.071.085.080.280', 'C15.378.190.223.500.500.280', 'C16.320.077.280', 'C18.452.284.280'], ['C20.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500.500'], ['E02.815'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.800', 'E05.478.610.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.900', 'D13.570.065.950', 'D13.570.583.138.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A knowledge-based potential function predicts the specificity and relative binding energy of RNA-binding proteins.
|
RNA-protein interactions are fundamental to gene expression. Thus, the molecular basis for the sequence dependence of protein-RNA recognition has been extensively studied experimentally. However, there have been very few computational studies of this problem, and no sustained attempt has been made towards using computational methods to predict or alter the sequence-specificity of these proteins. In the present study, we provide a distance-dependent statistical potential function derived from our previous work on protein-DNA interactions. This potential function discriminates native structures from decoys, successfully predicts the native sequences recognized by sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins, and recapitulates experimentally determined relative changes in binding energy due to mutations of individual amino acids at protein-RNA interfaces. Thus, this work demonstrates that statistical models allow the quantitative analysis of protein-RNA recognition based on their structure and can be applied to modeling protein-RNA interfaces for prediction and design purposes.
|
['Algorithms', 'Binding Sites', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Thermodynamics']
| 18,005,254
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in tablets by differential pulse polarography.
|
A differential pulse polarographic method requiring little sample separation was developed for the determination of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in tablet dosage form with the standard addition technique and without interference from common excipients. Britton-Welford buffer (pH 3.0) was used as the supporting electrolyte, the single peak occurring at -0.36 V vs. a reference Ag/AgCl electrode. The irreversible, diffusion controlled, two-electron reduction process at the dropping mercury electrode permits a precise and accurate determination of the active ingredient in the 0.4-20 microgram/ml concentration range.
|
['Indicators and Reagents', 'Isosorbide Dinitrate', 'Polarography', 'Tablets']
| 2,726,993
|
[['D27.720.470.410'], ['D02.033.800.813.480.500', 'D09.853.813.480.500'], ['E05.196.749', 'E05.301.700'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Experimental studies on oral administration of nitrosourea anti-tumor agent, MCNU].
|
Experimental studies with orally administered MCNU, a water-soluble nitrosourea, yielded the following results. MCNU produced a significant increase in life span, and 60-day survivors were observed by various schedules in L1210 leukemia. The therapeutic ratios of MCNU were almost similar to those of CCNU. With Lewis lung carcinoma and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma implanted into the stomach wall, its antitumor activity by oral administration was slightly more effective than by intravenous route. In Beagle dogs, hematologic toxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea) were noted by oral administration, similar to intravenous administration, but its toxicity was mild. The maximum blood level of MCNU was noted at 30 minutes after oral administration in Beagle dogs. The half life (23.7 min) by oral administration was similar to that by intravenous route. From these results, the oral administration of MCNU deserves the consideration as a form of treatment now given other MCNU routes.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Half-Life', 'Leukemia L1210', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Nitrosourea Compounds', 'Streptozocin']
| 6,234,861
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G01.910.405'], ['C04.557.337.372.594', 'C04.619.531.594'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D02.065.950.594', 'D02.654.692'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Designing and tuning magnetic resonance with exchange interaction.
|
Exchange interaction at the interface between magnetic layers exhibits significant contribution to the magnetic resonance frequency. The in situ tuning of the resonance frequency, as large as 10 GHz, is demonstrated in a spintronics microwave device through manipulating the interface exchange interaction.
|
['Acoustics', 'Magnetic Phenomena', 'Optical Phenomena']
| 25,572,962
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['G01.358'], ['G01.590']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential anatomical location of [3H]-N,n-propylnorapomorphine and [3H]-spiperone binding sites in the striatum and substantia nigra of the rat.
|
Specific [3H]-spiperone and [3H]-N,n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) binding was measured in striatum and substantia nigra of the rat following unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle, kainic acid lesions of the substantia nigra or striatum, and following decortication. Binding sites labelled by [3H]-spiperone in striatum were found to lie on striatal cell bodies and on the terminals of cortico-striate glutamate fibres, but not on presynaptic dopamine terminals. In contrast, binding sites labelled by [3H]-NPA were demonstrated on striatal cell bodies and on the terminals of nigro-striata dopamine fibres, but not on cortical afferents. In substantia nigra, specific [3H]-spiperone binding sites were found only on non-dopamine cell bodies. No clear evidence was found for their existence on dopamine cell bodies, the terminals of strio-nigral fibres or the terminals of cortico-nigral fibres. In contrast, specific binding sites for [3H]-NPA were found on dopamine cell bodies and the terminals of strio-nigral fibres. Localization on non-dopamine cell bodies or on cortico-nigral fibres was not demonstrated. These studies support the concept of differential localization of agonist and antagonist binding sites.
|
['Animals', 'Apomorphine', 'Butyrophenones', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Female', 'Hydroxydopamines', 'Oxidopamine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Spiperone', 'Substantia Nigra', 'Tritium']
| 6,418,246
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.038.290', 'D03.633.100.531.085.030.290', 'D03.633.400.095.290'], ['D02.522.352'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.311.342.478', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['D02.455.426.779.800', 'D02.522.352.800', 'D04.711.800'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prospects and limitations of different registration modalities in electromagnetic ENT navigation.
|
The present study examined electromagnetic tracking technology for ENT navigation. Five different registration modalities were compared and navigation accuracy was assessed. Four skull models were individually fabricated with a three-dimensional printer, based on patients' computer tomography datasets. Individual silicone masks were fitted for skin and soft tissue simulation. Five registration modalities were examined: (1) invasive marker, (2) automatic, (3) surface matching (AccuMatch), (4) anatomic landmarks, and (5) oral splint registration. Overall navigation accuracy and accuracy on selected anatomic locations were assessed by targeting 26 titanium screws previously placed over the skull. Overall navigation accuracy differed significantly between all registration modalities. The target registration error was 0.94 ± 0.06 mm (quadratic mean ± standard deviation) for the invasive marker registration, 1.41 ± 0.04 mm for the automatic registration, 1.59 ± 0.14 mm for the surface matching registration, and 5.15 ± 0.66 mm (four landmarks) and 4.37 ± 0.73 mm (five landmarks) for the anatomic landmark registration. Oral splint registration proved itself to be inapplicable to this navigation system. Invasive marker registration was superior on most selected anatomic locations. However, on the ethmoid and sphenoid sinus the automatic registration process revealed significantly lower target registration error values. Only automatic and surface registration met the accuracy requirements for noninvasive registration. Particularly, the automatic image-to-world registration reaches target registration error values on the anterior skull base which are comparable with the gold standard of invasive screw registration.
|
['Anatomic Landmarks', 'Bone Screws', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Fiducial Markers', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Otolaryngology', 'Skull', 'Titanium', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 27,149,874
|
[['A01.111'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['E05.978.808.249', 'E07.695.237', 'E07.710.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['H02.403.810.526'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A simple direct assay of 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity based on the use of polyacrylamide-bononate affinity gel chromatography.
|
A rapid, simple, and direct assay for 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phospho-diesterase activity is based on the effective separation of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP or cyclic CMP from their corresponding 5'-nucleotides and nucleosides by chromatography on a polyacrylamide-boronate gel. The affinity of the boronate residue for cis-diols results in the retention of 5'nucleotides and nucleosides while 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides are not retained. The coelution of all 5'-nucleotides and nucleosides allows for the accurate assessment of phosphodiesterase activity in preparations contaminated by other purine metabolizing enzymes such as 5'-nucleotidases and nucleotide and nucleoside deaminases. Phosphodiesterase activity assayed by this means yields linear reaction kinetics with respect to time and amount of enzyme protein. Low blank values obtained allow for detection of as little as 2-3% conversion of substrate to product.
|
["3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases", "3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases", 'Adenosine Deaminase', 'Animals', 'Boronic Acids', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Kinetics', 'Nucleosides', 'Nucleotidases', 'Nucleotides, Cyclic', 'Rats', 'Ribonucleotides', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 220,290
|
[['D08.811.277.352.640.150', 'D12.644.360.008', 'D12.776.476.008'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.155', 'D12.644.360.009', 'D12.776.476.009'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.075'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D09.408.595', 'D13.570'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.600'], ['D13.695.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D13.695.827'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toxicity associated with PD-1 blockade after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation.
|
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockers offers pronounced clinical benefit with durable responses and a manageable safety profile. Patients with a high risk of immune-related adverse events are generally excluded from clinical trials testing ICI therapy. Thus, only a little information on the safety and clinical outcome of patients treated with an ICI after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is currently available. Here, we report the characteristics and outcomes of six patients with, respectively, clear cell renal carcinoma, diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, a microsatellite instable colorectal cancer and melanoma who were treated with PD-1 blocking antibodies. All patients had previously undergone allogeneic HCT. Severe grade 3–5 immune-related adverse events were observed in three of five patients who received full-dose ICI therapy. One patient received a lower dose of PD-1 blocking antibody. Only one patient had an objective response, whereas all the other patients had progressive disease. The high toxicity of a full- dose anti-PD-1 treatment regimen suggests that other treatment approaches for patients after allogeneic HCT are needed outside of the context of relapsed Hodgkin disease. In cases where ICI therapy is the only treatment option, reduced dosing should be explored.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Allografts', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Nivolumab', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,707,719
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.941.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.829', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.829', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.829'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Von Meyenburg complexes. case report].
|
Von Meyenburg complexes is one of the polycystic liver diseases, characterized by bile duct hamartoma. These cysts come from the biliary tract but the cysts do not communicate with them. Because of asymptomatic course of the lesions usually are diagnosed in the course of diagnostic for another reason. It is not possible to define the entire diagnosis based upon ultrasonography imaging, as cyst could mimic metastasis, micro-abscesses and multiple focal nodular lesions. Because of the small size of the lesion (0.5-15 mm) usually inconclusive is also computed tomography. On the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cholangio-MRI we can determine the diagnosis of the complexes. Liver biopsy is obligatory in case of suspicion of neoplastic process. These complexes do not require treatment, but long-term follow-up is indicated because of the possibility to more frequent cholangiocarcinoma in patient with von Meyenburg complexes. It is probably the first case report of the von Meyenburg complexes described in Poland.
|
['Adult', 'Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic', 'Cysts', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 29,478,992
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.159.183.158', 'A03.620.150'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Co₃O₄ Nanosheets Anchored on SiO₂ Nanospheres for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor.
|
The electrochemical sensing performance is sensitive to the surface area. To achieve superior performance, we design and anchor Co3O4 nanosheets on the surface of SiO2 nanospheres via a simple solvothermal method, which possess large sensing interface and exposed catalytic sites due to the 2D structure and edge terminated feature. Based on these combined structural advantages, the present sample is employed as an ideal platform for non-enzymatic glucose sensing and exhibits high sensitivity, low detection limit, and wide linear range for glucose electrocatalytic oxidation, enabling it as a promising candidate for enzyme-free amperometric sensor for glucose determination.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Catalysis', 'Cobalt', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Glucose', 'Limit of Detection', 'Nanospheres', 'Nanostructures', 'Oxides', 'Silicon Dioxide']
| 29,954,568
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['G02.130'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['E05.301'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E07.595', 'J01.637.512.600.612'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
NG-monomethyl L-arginine inhibits endothelium-derived relaxing factor-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation in cocultures of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells by an action specific to the endothelial cell.
|
The effect of NG-monomethyl L-arginine (LNMMA), an analogue of L-arginine (a proposed precursor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor [EDRF]), on EDRF release from bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells was investigated using endothelial cell-vascular smooth muscle cocultures and a superfused column containing endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads. Cocultures were stimulated with control buffer, ATP, bradykinin, melittin, A23187, or nitroprusside in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of LNMMA (30-300 microM). LNMMA caused significant, concentration-dependent decreases in cyclic GMP accumulation in response to the endothelium-dependent dilators bradykinin, ATP, melittin, and A23187 but had no effect on control or nitroprusside-stimulated cocultures. The inhibitory effect of LNMMA on cyclic GMP accumulation was partially reversed by treatment with L-arginine, but was unaffected by D-arginine. To determine the specific site of action of LNMMA, endothelial cells on microcarrier beads were placed in a column and superfused with buffer. The effluent from the column was collected in 30-second (1.5-ml) fractions into 2-cm2 monolayer wells of vascular smooth muscle cells before and after addition of agonists (bradykinin, A23187) to the column inflow. The cyclic GMP content of each well of smooth muscle cells was determined as an index of EDRF activity. LNMMA superfused through the endothelial cell column inhibited cyclic GMP accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells induced by bradykinin and A23187. LNMMA introduced into the effluent from the endothelial cell column had no effect on smooth muscle cyclic GMP levels. We conclude that LNMMA is an effective, specific inhibitor of EDRF production or release, and its action is specific to the endothelial cell.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Bradykinin', 'Calcimycin', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Melitten', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']
| 2,170,053
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D12.644.276.812.169', 'D12.644.400.090', 'D12.644.456.193', 'D12.776.467.812.169', 'D12.776.631.650.090', 'D23.469.050.375.110', 'D23.529.812.169'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.644.050.550', 'D12.776.543.695.054.550', 'D20.888.065.115.580', 'D23.946.833.065.115.580'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glypican-3: a novel serum and histochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for successful treatment. However, the differential diagnosis between HCC and benign hepatic lesions is sometimes difficult and new biochemical markers for HCC are required. It has been reported that glypican-3 (GPC3) messenger RNA (mRNA) is significantly increased in most HCCs compared with benign liver lesions or normal liver. The goal of this study is to determine whether GPC3 is also overexpressed at the protein level and whether GPC3 is detectable in the serum of patients with HCC.METHODS: GPC3 was assessed in liver tissue sections by immunohistochemistry and in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was also measured in the same patients.RESULTS: Immunohistochemical studies showed that GPC3 is expressed in 72% of HCCs (21 of 29), whereas it is not detectable in hepatocytes from normal liver and benign liver diseases. Consistent with this, GPC3 was undetectable in the serum of healthy donors and patients with hepatitis, but its levels were significantly increased in 18 of 34 patients (53%) with HCC. In addition, only 1 of 20 patients with hepatitis plus liver cirrhosis displayed elevated levels of serum GPC3. Interestingly, in most cases, there was no correlation between GPC3 and AFP values. Thus, at least 1 of the 2 markers was elevated in 82% of the patients with HCC.CONCLUSIONS: GPC3 is specifically overexpressed in most HCCs and is elevated in the serum of a large proportion of patients with HCC. The simultaneous determination of GPC3 and AFP may significantly increase the sensitivity for diagnosis of HCC.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Female', 'Glypicans', 'Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 12,851,874
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.500', 'D12.776.395.650.350.249', 'D12.776.543.484.500.550', 'D12.776.543.550.418.500'], ['D09.698.373.425.500', 'D09.698.735.400', 'D12.776.395.650.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Loss of insulin-like growth factor I receptor-dependent expression of p107 and cyclin A in cells that lack the extracellular matrix protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine.
|
The extracellular matrix-associated glycoprotein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation during tissue remodeling, wound healing, and malignant development. Here, we describe a novel mechanism through which SPARC influences cell cycle progression in embryonic fibroblasts derived from Sparc-nullizygous (-/-) mice. SPARC-deficient cells were indistinguishable from wild-type cells in their ability to initiate DNA synthesis after treatment with either fetal bovine serum or platelet-derived growth factor. In contrast, Sparc -/- cells responded poorly to activation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFI-R) by insulin. This defect was traced to reduced expression of the IGFI-R in Sparc -/- cells. Consistent with impaired cell cycle progression through S-phase, insulin-stimulated Sparc -/- cells also revealed reduced expression of two key regulators of S phase progression (cyclin A and thymidine kinase), whereas expression of the G1 phase progression regulators cmyc or cyclin D1 was unaffected. An examination of the status of retinoblastoma family pocket proteins in Sparc -/- cells revealed a selective and dramatic reduction in levels of the retinoblastoma-related protein p107. Exogenous platelet-derived growth factor restored expression of the IGFI-R and IGFI-R dependent DNA synthesis as well as induction of cyclin A, thymidine kinase, and p107 in insulin-stimulated Sparc -/- cells. These results suggest that SPARC-dependent matrix to cell interactions contribute to the regulation of p107 and cyclin A through IGFI-R dependent pathway(s).
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclin A', 'Cysteine', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Osteonectin', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Receptor, IGF Type 1', 'Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107', 'S Phase', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms', 'Thymidine Kinase', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 10,593,648
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.360.262.100', 'D12.776.167.218.100', 'D12.776.476.262.100'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.157.125.715', 'D12.776.395.600'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.185', 'D12.776.543.750.630.468', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.780.400'], ['D12.776.624.776.717', 'D12.776.660.770', 'D12.776.744.747'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['G06.320.676'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.750'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bacterial Microcolonies in Gel Beads for High-Throughput Screening of Libraries in Synthetic Biology.
|
Synthetic biologists increasingly rely on directed evolution to optimize engineered biological systems. Applying an appropriate screening or selection method for identifying the potentially rare library members with the desired properties is a crucial step for success in these experiments. Special challenges include substantial cell-to-cell variability and the requirement to check multiple states (e.g., being ON or OFF depending on the input). Here, we present a high-throughput screening method that addresses these challenges. First, we encapsulate single bacteria into microfluidic agarose gel beads. After incubation, they harbor monoclonal bacterial microcolonies (e.g., expressing a synthetic construct) and can be sorted according their fluorescence by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). We determine enrichment rates and demonstrate that we can measure the average fluorescent signals of microcolonies containing phenotypically heterogeneous cells, obviating the problem of cell-to-cell variability. Finally, we apply this method to sort a pBAD promoter library at ON and OFF states.
|
['Cells, Immobilized', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Library', 'Synthetic Biology']
| 28,803,463
|
[['A11.270'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.325'], ['H01.158.273.904', 'J01.293.069.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Teratogenic effects of neonatal arenavirus infection on the developing rat cerebellum are abrogated by passive immunotherapy.
|
The effects of viral infection on the developing nervous system and the potential of passive immunotherapy to protect against infection were examined. When 4-day-old Lewis rats were injected intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) the majority of stem cells within the external granular layer of the developing cerebellum became infected. The infection progressed to the molecular layer, internal granular layer, and the Purkinje cells. By 15 days postinfection the molecular and internal granular layers of LCMV-infected cerebella were noticeably thinner than those in the controls and the individual folia were smaller. Neurons remained infected for up to 40 days as determined by immunohistochemistry. However, in rats treated with rat monoclonal anti-LCMV antibodies the staining was limited to the cells of ependyma and choroid plexus and was not detectable by 15 days postinfection. Macroscopically the infection resulted in pronounced hypoplasia, with the cerebella of 21-day-old LCMV-infected rats weighing 52 +/- 10 mg compared with 159 +/- 30 mg for control rats. Antibody-treated rats exhibited normal cerebellar size and development. Neutralizing antibodies specific for the viral GP-1 glycoprotein were protective but nucleoprotein-specific antibodies were not. Furthermore, suckling rat pups born of and nursed by LCMV-immune mothers were spared from cerebellar disease following neonatal infection. These results suggest that passive immunotherapy of neonates can provide effective protection against teratogenic effects of neonatal viral infection on the developing CNS.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Brain', 'Cerebellum', 'Choroid Plexus', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Ependyma', 'Female', 'Immunity, Maternally-Acquired', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Organ Size', 'Rats']
| 8,249,289
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['G12.100'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.140.298'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A08.186.211.140.460', 'A10.755.260'], ['G12.450.570'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050.400', 'E05.478.550.520.050.400'], ['C01.207.245.500.500', 'C01.925.182.550.500', 'C01.925.782.082.580', 'C10.228.228.245.500.500', 'C10.228.614.400.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation of the detection of urinary tract infection by the reagent strip method in hospitalized patients].
|
Asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent in hospital patients. Two prospective studies were carried out to evaluate the reagent strip method used to detect these infections. The diagnosis of UTI rested on cytobacteriological examination of urine. Detection by reagent strip was performed either in the microbiology laboratory (study 1: 976 samples) or at the patient's bedside and in the laboratory (Study 2: 225 samples). The strips were examined visually and by an automated device. There was no significant difference between the results obtained with these two reading methods. Study 1 showed that the reagent strip is more useful to exclude the diagnosis of UTI by using the leucocyte zone alone or combined with the nitrite zone (negative predictive value 98 percent) than to assert this diagnosis. Study 2 showed that the nitrite zone was less sensitive when it was examined at the laboratory than at the patient's bedside. Analysis of discordances between reagent strip and cytobacteriology in the light of data supplied by the patient's medical records made it possible to improve the negative predictive value of the tests. (100 percent). Thus, 60 percent of cytobacteriological examinations could be avoided if this type of examination was performed only in urine with positive leucocyte and nitrite zones. This means a 15 percent saving in B-coded examinations performed in hospital microbiology laboratories.
|
['France', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reagent Strips', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 2,141,122
|
[['Z01.542.286'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
PCR-based methods for the detection of L1014 kdr mutation in Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato.
|
BACKGROUND: Anopheles culicifacies s.l., a major malaria vector in India, has developed widespread resistance to DDT and is becoming resistant to pyrethroids-the only insecticide class recommended for the impregnation of bed nets. Knock-down resistance due to a point mutation in the voltage gated sodium channel at L1014 residue (kdr) is a common mechanism of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. The selection of this resistance may pose a serious threat to the success of the pyrethroid-impregnated bed net programme. This study reports the presence of kdr mutation (L1014F) in a field population of An. culicifacies s.l. and three new PCR-based methods for kdr genotyping.METHODS: The IIS4-IIS5 linker to IIS6 segments of the para type voltage gated sodium channel gene of DDT and pyrethroid resistant An. culicifacies s.l. population from the Surat district of India was sequenced. This revealed the presence of an A-to-T substitution at position 1014 leading to a leucine-phenylalanine mutation (L1014F) in a few individuals. Three molecular methods viz. Allele Specific PCR (AS-PCR), an Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) and Primer Introduced Restriction Analysis-PCR (PIRA-PCR) were developed and tested for kdr genotyping. The specificity of the three assays was validated following DNA sequencing of the samples genotyped.RESULTS: The genotyping of this An. culicifacies s.l. population by the three PCR based assays provided consistent result and were in agreement with DNA sequencing result. A low frequency of the kdr allele mostly in heterozygous condition was observed in the resistant population. Frequencies of the different genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.CONCLUSION: The Leu-Phe mutation, which generates the kdr phenotype in many insects, was detected in a pyrethroid and DDT resistant An. culicifacies s.l. population. Three PCR-based methods were developed for kdr genotyping. All the three assays were specific. The ARMS method was refractory to non-specific amplification in non-stringent amplification conditions. The PIRA-PCR assay is able to detect both the codons for the phenylalanine mutation at kdr locus, i.e., TTT and TTC, in a single assay, although the latter codon was not found in the population genotyped.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Anopheles', 'Base Sequence', 'DDT', 'DNA Primers', 'Dipeptides', 'Genes, Insect', 'Genotype', 'India', 'Insecticide Resistance', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pyrethrins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sodium Channels']
| 19,594,947
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D02.455.526.439.255'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['G05.380'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G07.690.773.984.491'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D02.455.849.575.188.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Double-blind comparison of moclobemide and tranylcypromine in depression.
|
Moclobemide is the first of a new generation of reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA) with no clinically relevant potentiation of the hypertensive actions of dietary tyramine. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of moclobemide with an established irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tranylcypromine, in depressed patients. Patients were randomized to receive moclobemide (81 patients) or tranylcypromine (79 patients) at individually titrated doses (100-300 mg/day of moclobemide and 10-30 mg/day of tranylcypromine) under double-blind conditions for at least four weeks, in a multicenter trial. Antidepressant efficacy was assessed using items 1-17 of the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), the von Zerssen 'Befindlichkeits' scales, a visual analog scale and the clinicians' global impression. Both treatments resulted in significant amelioration of depression as determined by all rating instruments. HAMD-17 scores were reduced by 63% and 58% with moclobemide and tranylcypromine respectively, although the difference between the groups was not significant. The other rating instruments yielded similar results, apart from the clinician's assessment of efficacy at day 28. In this assessment, efficacy was rated as very good/good in 78% of moclobemide treated patients and in 88% of the tranylcypromine treated patients; however, only patients who had not dropped out of the trial were included in this assessment. The tolerability of both drugs was good, although moclobemide appeared to possess a small advantage in this regard since only one patient in this group was prematurely withdrawn from the trial due to inadequate tolerability/adverse events, compared with nine withdrawals in the tranylcypromine group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Benzamides', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Moclobemide', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Tranylcypromine']
| 8,127,928
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.065.277.600', 'D02.241.223.100.100.600', 'D02.241.223.100.200.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.600', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.875'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['D02.092.831.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Craniofacial morphology of the first Americans: Pattern and process in the peopling of the New World.
|
The peopling of the New World has been the focus of anthropological attention since the last century. Proponents of multiple migration models have claimed that patterns of variation among extant New World populations reflect ancient, discrete migrations to the Americas during the terminal Pleistocene. Although multiple migration models appear to explain patterns of both past and present craniometric variation, this interpretation rests on a number of key assumptions that require further investigation. We examined a series of Paleoindian (n = 11) and Archaic (n = 384) crania from North and South America, and compare these early samples to a large world-wide sample of late Holocene (n = 6,742) remains to assess within- and among-group variability in early samples, and to determine how patterns of variation could be viewed as a reflection of both population history and population structure. Analyses included univariate and multivariate analysis of variance, principal component analysis, calculation of biological distances, and multivariate allocation methods. We also performed model-bound analyses of these data, including Relethford-Blangero analysis and calculation of F(ST). Our results indicate that under the assumptions of migration/founder models, the data are consistent with Paleoindians having derived from an undifferentiated Asian population that was not ancestral to modern American Indians. This view can be accommodated into existing models of multiple founders (migrations) in the New World. However, the assumptions required for such an interpretation are not realistic, and the diversity of early populations could as easily reflect population structuring processes such as genetic drift, demographic growth, and other phenomena. When the data were analyzed controlling for the effects of genetic drift (i.e., with smaller long-term effective population sizes for Paleoindians), the Paleoindian samples were no longer distinct from modern Native American populations. Other factors that need to be considered include processes involved in craniofacial change and adaptation during the past 10,000 years. Finally, patterns of variation in the North and South American Paleoindian samples are different, suggesting that the process of New World colonization is more complex than previously assumed.
|
['Anthropometry', 'Asia', 'Biological Evolution', 'Emigration and Immigration', 'Face', 'Founder Effect', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'North America', 'Skull']
| 10,601,986
|
[['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['Z01.252'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['A01.456.505'], ['G05.285'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Modulation of GABA-mediated synaptic transmission by endogenous zinc in the immature rat hippocampus in vitro.
|
1. Intracellular recordings from postnatal 2- to 12-day-old (P2-12) rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurones exhibited spontaneous synaptic potentials mediated by GABAA receptors. These potentials can be separated on the basis of amplitude into two classes which are referred to as small and large. 2. The large depolarizing potentials were reversibly inhibited by the Zn2+ chelator 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (CP94). The small inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. (IPSPs) were apparently unaffected. 3. Stimulation of the mossy fibre pathway evoked composite excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and IPSPs. Threshold stimulus-evoked synaptic potentials were mediated by GABAA receptors and were reversibly blocked by CP94. The responses evoked by suprathreshold stimulation and persisting in the presence of bicuculline or CP94 were partially inhibited by 2-amino-5-phosphonopropionic acid (AP5) and were completely blocked with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). 4. L-Histidine, which preferentially forms complexes with Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Fe2+ > Mn2+, inhibited both naturally occurring spontaneous and evoked GABAA-mediated large synaptic potentials without affecting the neuronal resting membrane properties. Exogenously applied Zn2+ induced large spontaneous synaptic potentials and prolonged the duration of the evoked potentials. These effects were reversibly blocked by histidine. 5. The metal chelating agent diethyldithiocarbamate had little effect on the large amplitude synaptic potentials. 6. The transition metal divalent cations Fe2+ and Mn2+ did not initiate large synaptic potentials in CA3 neurones; however, Cu2+ depolarized the membrane and enhanced both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, resulting in a transient increase in the frequency of the large amplitude events. In comparison, zinc increased the frequency of the large potentials and also induced such events in neurons (P4-21) where innate potentials were absent. The postsynaptic response to ionophoretically applied GABA was either unaffected or slightly enhanced by Zn2+. 7. Under conditions favouring the activation of non-NMDA receptors, excitatory synaptic transmission was unaffected by CP94 but was depressed by Zn2+. Responses to ionophoretically applied glutamate were not inhibited by Zn2+, indicating that Zn2+ affects excitatory synaptic transmission via a presynaptic mechanism. 8. We conclude that the naturally occurring large synaptic potentials in young CA3 neurones are apparently induced by endogenous Zn2+ which can promote or synchronize the release of GABA in the immature hippocampus.
|
['6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', 'Action Potentials', 'Aging', 'Alanine', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Bicuculline', 'Cations, Divalent', 'Chelating Agents', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Hippocampus', 'Histidine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iron Chelating Agents', 'Pyramidal Tracts', 'Pyridones', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Zinc', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 7,965,838
|
[['D03.633.100.857.160'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D12.125.042'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D03.132.098.077', 'D03.633.100.531.085.077'], ['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.505.519.914.500.410', 'D27.720.832.500.410'], ['A08.186.854.300', 'A08.612.380.730'], ['D03.383.725.791'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of MALT and non-MALT primary large cell lymphoma of the stomach: does histologic evidence of MALT affect chemotherapy response?
|
BACKGROUND: Although the clinicopathologic features of low grade gastric MALToma (lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) recently have been well delineated, the significance of identifying histologic evidence of MALT origin in a primary high grade gastric lymphoma is less clear. The authors sought to address this issue and, in particular, to clarify if MALT and non-MALT primary large cell gastric lymphoma might have a different response to systemic chemotherapy.METHODS: The authors reviewed the pathologic specimens of all patients who had a diagnosis of primary large cell lymphoma of the stomach and who had been treated primarily by systemic chemotherapy in our institutions January 1, 1988-December 31, 1998. The patients were divided into two groups by experienced hematopathologists, based on the presence or absence of histologic features suggestive of MALToma, including typical lymphoepithelial lesions and infiltration of characteristic centrocyte-like cells. Disease staging was done according to the AJCC/UICC system with Musshoff modification. The median number of gastric biopsies for each patient was 7 (range, 1-21).RESULTS: Seventeen patients with and 26 patients without histologic evidence of MALToma were identified. Clinical features were similar between the two groups except that a greater proportion of patients without evidence of MALToma had elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (50% vs. 12%, P = 0.01). The median duration of follow-up for the 43 patients was 46.5 months (range, 17-124 mos). All patients received standard systemic chemotherapy including anthracyclines or anthracenedione. The response rate was 88.2% for patients with evidence of MALToma and 57.7% for those without (P = 0.03). The 5-year overall survival rate was 80.5% for patients with evidence of MALToma and 48.9% for those without (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis indicated that response to chemotherapy, disease stage (Stage I and II-1 vs. Stage II-2, III, and IV), and the presence of MALToma features were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.CONCLUSION: The results of this relatively small study series suggested that the presence of histologic features of MALToma in patients with primary large cell gastric lymphoma might have been associated with a better response to systemic chemotherapy and a better prognosis. Further studies to consolidate this conclusion are necessary.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,148,559
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.570', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.570', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.570'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Investigation of the persistence of levamisole and oxyclozanide in milk and fate in cheese.
|
In this study, dairy cows (n = six) were treated with an oral combination product containing levamisole (5 mg/kg body weight, (bw)) and oxyclozanide (10 mg/kg bw). Animals were milked twice daily up to day 16 post-treatment. Milk samples were subsequently analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The highest levels of levamisole (<600 ìg/kg) and oxyclozanide (<25 ìg/kg) were determined at first and third milking, respectively. Residues of levamisole and oxyclozanide were typically below reporting limits of 0.83 and 1 ìg/kg respectively at the 11th and 13th milking, respectively. Soft (3 days ripening), hard (35 days ripening) and whey cheeses were produced from the milk samples collected from the first two milkings. Levamisole residues were found to concentrate in all cheese types. There was a 3-fold concentration effect for levamisole in mature cheese. Oxyclozanide residues were found to occur at lower levels in soft and hard cheese than milk with a 10-fold concentration in whey cheese compared to milk. The results of this study demonstrate that levamisole and oxyclozanide residues are rapidly excreted in dairy cows and milk is compliant after a few days. Oxyclozanide and levamisole residues were shown to be stable during the fermentation process and the whey heat treatment to persist in cheese.
|
['Animals', 'Antinematodal Agents', 'Cattle', 'Cheese', 'Drug Residues', 'Food Contamination', 'Kinetics', 'Levamisole', 'Milk', 'Oxyclozanide']
| 21,058,728
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['N06.850.460.200.250'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.886.675.346', 'D03.383.129.308.480', 'D03.383.129.708.346'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['D02.065.199.860.500', 'D02.065.793.650.500', 'D02.092.146.113.860.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fiberoptic examination of the inferior vena cava during circulatory arrest for complete removal of renal cell carcinoma thrombus.
|
Renal cell carcinoma is known to invade the inferior vena cava and may extend its entire length. Profound hypothermic circulatory arrest has been demonstrated to be a very effective technique to facilitate removal of tumor thrombus from the cava while limiting the amount of blood loss. We describe an innovative method of ensuring complete removal of tumor thrombus from the retrohepatic cava with a fiberoptic bronchoscope introduced through the right atrium during profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. Fiberoptic examination of the cava and hepatic vein orifices under these circumstances will prevent incomplete removal of tumor.
|
['Bronchoscopes', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Thrombosis', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']
| 2,353,309
|
[['E07.230.220.090', 'E07.858.240.090'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['A07.015.908.949.648']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mesoporous-activated carbon prepared from chitosan flakes via single-step sodium hydroxide activation for the adsorption of methylene blue.
|
In this work, mesoporous-activated carbon (CSAC) was prepared from chitosan flakes (CS) via single-step sodium hydroxide activation for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB). CSAC was prepared using different impregnation ratios of NaOH:CS (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1) at 800°C for 90min. The adsorption performance of CSAC was evaluated for MB at different adsorption variables, such MB initial concentrations (25-400mg/L), solution pH (3-11), and temperature (30-50°C). The adsorption isotherm data of CSAC-MB were well fitted to Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity 143.53mg/g at 50°C. Best representation of kinetic data was obtained by the pseudo-second order model. CSAC exhibited excellent adsorption uptake for MB and can potentially be used for other cationic dyes.
|
['Adsorption', 'Charcoal', 'Chitosan', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Methylene Blue', 'Porosity', 'Sodium Hydroxide', 'Temperature', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 28,147,233
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D01.045.250.750', 'D01.248.497.158.459.475', 'D01.857.745'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protection by taurine against adriamycin-induced proteinuria and hyperlipidemia in rats.
|
Taurine was used in the present study to evaluate its beneficial effects against proteinuria and hyperlipidemia associated with nephrotic syndrome. Rats made nephrotic with adriamycin had a high excretion of protein, albumin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase compared with nonnephrotic rats. Nephrotic rats manifested hyperlipidemia with significant elevation in all major lipoprotein fractions. Treatment with taurine significantly suppressed adriamycin-induced proteinuria, albuminuria, and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. Treatment of rats wit taurine for 7 days before adriamycin, and daily thereafter, significantly lowered plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, lipid peroxides, and malondialdehyde associated with lipoprotein fractions. Similarly, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides, and hydroxyl radicals in the liver and kidneys of taurine-treated adriamycin rats were decreased significantly compared with adriamycin alone. Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and free fatty acid levels in plasma, lipoprotein lipase activity, glutathione, total thiol, and ascorbic acid in the liver and the kidneys of taurine-treated adriamycin groups were significantly elevated compared with adriamycin alone. These results suggest that taurine might be applicable as a protective agent for proteinuria and hyperlipidemia associated with nephrotic syndrome.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Body Weight', 'Doxorubicin', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Lipoprotein Lipase', 'Liver', 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase', 'Proteinuria', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Taurine']
| 9,182,303
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.430'], ['A03.620'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.913.050.625'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retroperitoneal fibrosis during treatment with methydopa.
|
Retroperitoneeal fibrosis (R.P.F.) and a positive direct Coombs test developed in a patient who had received 1.4 kg. of alpha-methyldopa over a period of 5 years. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated deposits of IgG, IgM, and IgA on the collagen fibres of the R.P.F. Biopsy speciments of the temporal artery, the right kidney, and the R.P.F. did not show signs of general arterial disease on light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Drugs which provoke autoimmunisation and interfere with nervous transmission are known to induce deposition of collagen or R.P.F. This suggests that R.P.F. in this patient was probably caused by alpha-methydopa.
|
['Biopsy', 'Collagen', 'Coombs Test', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Methyldopa', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Retroperitoneal Fibrosis', 'Temporal Arteries']
| 50,510
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375.150', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375.150', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.092.311.200.538', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.538', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.600', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.600'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.355.700'], ['A07.015.114.228.868']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A method to estimate cardiac volume by two-dimensional echocardiograms recorded from one extracorporeal point.
|
This paper presents a method for estimating the volume of a cardiac region from its oblique sectional images recorded with a sector scanner. The probe of the scanner is attached to the chest wall and an ultrasonic beam is cast from a fixed intercostal space. In a previous paper a method of calculation for the above recording technique was reported. The present method is superior to the previous one because it minimizes calculation error and is applicable to organs of intricate shape.
|
['Cardiac Volume', 'Computers', 'Echocardiography', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Ultrasonography']
| 7,070,065
|
[['G09.330.380.249'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analysis of influencing factors on occupational pressure of medical staff in a third-level first-class hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in Tianjin].
|
Objective: To explore the status and influencing factors of occupational pressure among medical staff in a third-level first-class hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in Tianjin, and to provide reference for formulating relevant policies. Methods: From September to October in 2019, doctors, nurses, pharmacists laboratory, radiology and management personnel were randomly selected as the research objects. A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed and recovered, and 189 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.95%. The Scale for Occupational Stressor on Clinician was used for investigation. The influence of different characteristics on the occupational pressure of medical staff was analyzed. Results: The average total score of occupational pressure was (94.8±15.4) . There were significant differences in occupational pressure among different age groups (P<0.05) . There were significant differences in total pressure score, organization management, occupational interest, workload, external environment, doctor-patient relationship and other dimensions (P<0.05) . The average total score of occupational pressure of doctors was (101.7±13.3) , which was significantly higher than that of nurses, pharmacists, laboratory, rodiology and managers (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The occupational pressure of doctors is relatively serious, and the occupational pressure should be alleviated from the external environment, doctor-patient relationship and workload.
|
['Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Medical Staff', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Occupational Stress', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Workload']
| 32,746,574
|
[['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.630', 'N02.360.630'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['C24.580', 'F01.145.126.990.734', 'F02.830.900.666'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Borocaptate sodium: a potential boron delivery compound for boron neutron capture therapy evaluated in dogs with spontaneous intracranial tumors.
|
Borocaptate sodium (Na2B12H11SH) is a boron-carrying compound under consideration for use in boron neutron capture therapy. The biodistribution of boron from borocaptate sodium administration will partly determine boron neutron capture therapy efficacy and normal tissue radiation tolerance. The biodistribution of boron was determined in 30 dogs with spontaneous intracranial tumors at 2, 6, or 12 hr after intravenous borocaptate sodium infusion. Blood and tissue boron concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Mean tumor boron concentration (mean +/- standard error) was 35.9 +/- 4.6 (n = 15), 22.5 +/- 6.0 (n = 9), and 7.0 +/- 1.1 micrograms of boron per g (n = 6) at 2, 6, and 12 hr, respectively, after borocaptate sodium infusion. Peritumor boron concentrations were elevated above that of normal brain in half of the dogs. Normal brain boron concentration (mean +/- standard error) was 4.0 +/- 0.5, 2.0 +/- 0.4, and 2.0 +/- 0.3 micrograms of boron per g at 2, 6, and 12 hr after infusion, respectively. Some cranial and systemic tissues, and blood, had high boron concentration relative to tumor tissue. Geometric dose sparing should partly offset these relatively high normal tissue and blood concentrations. Borocaptate sodium biodistribution is favorable because tumor boron concentrations of recommended magnitude for boron neutron capture therapy were obtained and there was a high tumor-to-normal brain boron concentration ratio.
|
['Animals', 'Boranes', 'Borohydrides', 'Boron', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Male', 'Neutron Capture Therapy', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds']
| 1,465,427
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.132.105', 'D02.203.087'], ['D01.132.105.050', 'D02.203.087.050'], ['D01.268.513.500'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.815.722.500'], ['D02.886.489']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thymidine esters as substrate analogue inhibitors of angiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase in vitro.
|
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) catalyzes the cleavage of thymidine into thymine and 2-deoxy-á-d-ribose-1-phosphate. Elevated activity of TP prevents apoptosis, and induces angiogenesis which ultimately leads to tumor growth and metastasis. Critical role of TP in cancer progression makes it a valid target in anti-cancer research. Discovery of small molecules as TP inhibitors is vigorously pursued in cancer therapy. In the present study, we functionalized thymidine as benzoyl ester to synthesize compounds 3-16. In vitro evaluation of thymidine esters for their thymidine phosphorylase inhibition activity was subsequently carried out. Compounds 4, 10, 14, and 15 showed good activities with lower IC50 values than the standard, 7-deazaxanthine (IC50=41.0±1.63ìM). Among them, compound 14 showed five folds higher activity (IC50=7.5±0.8ìM), while 4 (IC50=18.5±1.0ìM) and 10 (IC50=18.8±1.2ìM) showed two folds higher activity than the standard. Compound 15 showed slightly better activity (IC50=33.3±1.5ìM) to the standard. Potent compounds were further subjected to kinetic and molecular docking studies to identify their mode of inhibition, and to study their interactions with the protein at atomic level, respectively. All active compounds were non-cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line. These results identify thymidine esters as substrate analogue (substrate-like) inhibitors of angiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase for further studies.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Escherichia coli', 'Esters', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Thymidine', 'Thymidine Phosphorylase', 'Xanthines']
| 27,955,923
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.241.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.850.500', 'D23.050.301.500.600.925', 'D23.050.705.552.600.850'], ['D03.132.960', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Humoral immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 in cervical cancer].
|
The analysis of the results of serological studies revealed differences between the number of positively reacting sera from patients with cervical carcinoma and from normal women. The activity of complement-fixing and virus-neutralizing antibodies in the patients' sera and the frequency of their detection were higher than in the sera from normal subjects. These results in combination with other methods of laboratory examinations may be used for early detection of cervical carcinoma as well as for determination of high risk groups with regard to oncological diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Antibody Formation', 'Complement Fixation Tests', 'Female', 'Herpes Genitalis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Recurrence', 'Simplexvirus', 'Uterine Cervical Dysplasia', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 6,289,530
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.150', 'E05.200.812.735.150', 'E05.478.594.760.150'], ['C01.221.812.640.350', 'C01.778.640.350', 'C01.925.256.466.382.290', 'C01.925.813.350', 'C12.294.329', 'C13.351.500.342'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['C04.834.818', 'C13.351.500.852.593.074'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Temporomandibular ankylosis. A treatment method using the interposition of a Dacron device].
|
BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular ankylosis with its multiple anatomo-clinical forms is a relatively rare disease. Its major morphopathological, therapeutical and psychological implications rank it among severe illnesses. Its treatment is exclusively surgical. The major therapeutical indication in ankylosis of type I and II Topazian is the neoarticular modelling osteotomy with interposition.MATERIAL AND METHODS: As a material for interposition, over the last 7 years, we have used in 15 patients with 18 ankylosis, concave rectangular Dacron fragments adequately shaped after being taken from a vascular prothesis.RESULTS: The qualities of this material are confirmed by the obtained results: quick resuming of the normal mobility of the mandible, lack of postoperative complications and recurrences. The material is cheap and easy to be obtained. The technique to be used is simple.DISCUSSION: The Dacron texture is soft, elastic in all respects, thick enough, resistant, with long lasting elasticity and integrity, physically and chemically sTable, well tolerated by the body and without foreign body rejection. It is easy to be cut, shaped, modelled and adapted to the bone stump. It is sterilized by autoclaving. It is also well integrated into the host tissue being penetrated by the connective tissue which fastens it to the surface of the neocondyle preventing a relapse. It plays the role of a joint cartilage.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Ankylosis', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Oral Surgical Procedures', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Temporomandibular Joint', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disorders', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,538,917
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.069'], ['E04.555.110.110', 'E04.650.110', 'E04.680.101.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400'], ['E04.545', 'E06.645'], ['D05.750.728.764', 'D25.720.728.764', 'J01.637.051.720.728.764'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.583.861', 'A14.907'], ['C05.500.607.221.897', 'C05.550.905', 'C05.651.243.897', 'C07.320.610.291.897', 'C07.678'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Favorable Changes in Biomarkers of Potential Harm to Reduce the Adverse Health Effects of Smoking in Smokers Switching to the Menthol Tobacco Heating System 2.2 for 3 Months (Part 2).
|
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2, a candidate modified-risk tobacco product, aims at offering an alternative to cigarettes for smokers while substantially reducing the exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents found in cigarette smoke.METHODS: One hundred and sixty healthy adult US smokers participated in this randomized, three-arm parallel group, controlled clinical study. Subjects were randomized in a 2:1:1 ratio to menthol Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (mTHS), menthol cigarette, or smoking abstinence for 5 days in confinement and 86 subsequent ambulatory days. Endpoints included biomarkers of exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents (reported in our co-publication, Part 1) and biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH).RESULTS: Compliance (protocol and allocated product exposure) was 51% and 18% in the mTHS and smoking abstinence arms, respectively, on day 90. Nonetheless, favorable changes in BOPHs of lipid metabolism (total cholesterol and high- and low-density cholesterol), endothelial dysfunction (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1), oxidative stress (8-epi-prostaglandin F2á), and cardiovascular risk factors (eg, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were observed in the mTHS group. Favorable effects in other BOPHs, including ones related to platelet activation (11-dehydrothromboxane B2) and metabolic syndrome (glucose), were more pronounced in normal weight subjects.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the reduced exposure demonstrated when switching to mTHS is associated with overall improvements in BOPHs, which are indicative of pathomechanistic pathways underlying the development of smoking-related diseases, with some stronger effects in normal weight subjects.IMPLICATIONS: Switching to mTHS was associated with favorable changes for some BOPHs indicative of biological pathway alterations (eg, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction). The results suggest that switching to mTHS has the potential to reduce the adverse health effects of smoking and ultimately the risk of smoking-related diseases. Switching to mTHS for 90 days led to reductions in a number of biomarkers of exposure in smokers, relative to those who continued smoking cigarettes, which were close to those observed when stopping smoking (reported in our co-publication, Part 1). Initial findings suggest reduced levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2á and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, when switching to mTHS for 90 days. These changes are comparable to what is observed upon smoking cessation. In normal weight subjects, additional favorable changes were seen in 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, fibrinogen, homocysteine, hs-CRP, percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A1, and triglycerides.TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01989156.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antipruritics', 'Biomarkers', 'Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Harm Reduction', 'Health Behavior', 'Heating', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Menthol', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Assessment', 'Smoke', 'Smokers', 'Smoking', 'Young Adult']
| 31,125,079
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.444.075'], ['D23.101'], ['J01.637.767.500'], ['F01.145.477'], ['F01.145.488'], ['N06.230.150.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.415.510.500.605', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.211.750', 'D02.455.849.575.157.500', 'D10.289.510.500.605'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D20.633.937'], ['M01.808'], ['F01.145.805'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mass fragmentographic determination of endogenous glycine and glutamic acid released in vivo from the pigeon optic tectum. Effect of electric stimulation of a midbrain nucleus.
|
Various investigations suggest glycine to be an inhibitory transmitter in the pigeon optic lobe in a pathway originating in the nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis (Ipc) terminating in the optic tectum. In order to obtain additional evidence for this hypothesis the in vivo release of endogenous glycine in the optic tectum upon electrical stimulation of Ipc was investigated. By perfusing the upper strata of the optic tectum with Ringer solution using a push-pull cannula endogenous amino acids released from the surrounding tissue were collected. Concentration of glycine and glutamic acid in the perfusates were determined by mass fragmentography of their N-pentafluoropropionyl hexafluoroisopropyl esters. Deuterium-labeled glycine and glutamic acid were used as internal standards for quantitative measurements. The resting release of glycine and glutamic acid was 2.9 pmol/min and 1.4 pmol/min, respectively. Electrical stimulation of Ipc was found to induce a 2--40-fold increase of the glycine efflux into the perfusate whereas the efflux of glutamic acid remained at a constant level. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that glycine is a transmitter in Ipc-tectal neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Columbidae', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Glycine', 'Mesencephalon', 'Superior Colliculi']
| 6,116,527
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D12.125.481'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.800.816']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis.
|
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis is usually a sequel to visceral leishmaniasis. A 25-year-old woman presented with hypopigmented maculopapular lesions all over the body for the past 4 years without any previous history of visceral leishmaniasis. She was on treatment for leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis for the past 2 months, but did not show any improvement. Investigations confirmed that she had post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection. She was started on treatment for the triad of diseases, and showed improvement.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Female', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 20,925,205
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.400', 'C01.610.858.560.400', 'C01.920.813.400', 'C17.800.838.775.560.400'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.510', 'C01.920.813.510'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Notifiable animal diseases diagnosed at the Institute of Veterinary Pathology of the University of Zurich between 1988 and 2004].
|
One of the essential tasks of veterinary pathology is the gross and microscopic examination of animals post mortem. Frequently requests are made for the cause of disease or death in the absence of a precise history or an otherwise specific assignment e.g. whether a notifiable disease is involved. The general examination is supplemented by a spectrum of additional examinations depending on the case whereas attempts are made to keep the costs within limits and to answer the client's request with justifiable effort. 36,365 necropsy cases and 9192 organs submitted between 1988 and 2004 were analysed to give indications on the number and type of notifiable diseases that were diagnosed in the course of routine diagnostic procedures. Notifiable animal diseases were discovered in 2918 cases (6.4% of all investigated cases) namely 2426 farm animals (9.1% of all farm animals) and 492 animals of other species (2.6% of all other animal species). These data illustrate the considerable value of pathological-anatomical examinations and compliment the figures from other databases.
|
['Animal Diseases', 'Animals', 'Autopsy', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cattle', 'Databases, Factual', 'Goats', 'Horses', 'Mammals', 'Parasitic Diseases, Animal', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sheep', 'Swine', 'Switzerland', 'Virus Diseases']
| 18,225,409
|
[['C22'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['C01.150.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['C01.610.701', 'C22.674'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['C01.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Hyperkalemia after acute metabolic decompensation in two children with vitamin B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia and normal renal function.
|
The patients affected by vitamin B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) on the long run develop chronic renal disease with interstitial nephropathy and progressive renal insufficiency. The mechanism of nephrotoxicity in vitamin B12-unresponsive MMA is not yet known. Chronic hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism has been found in many cases of methylmalonic acidemia, hyperkalemia and renal tubular acidosis type 4. We report 2 patients affected by B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia diagnosed at the age of 23 months and 5 years, respectively, with normal glomerular filtration and function. They showed hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and significant hyperkalemia requiring sodium potassium exchange resin (Kayexalate) therapy after an episode of metabolic decompensation leading to diagnosis of MMA. In both children, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and hyperkalemia disappeared after 6 months of good metabolic control.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fumarates', 'Humans', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypoaldosteronism', 'Infant', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Maleates', 'Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Vitamin B 12']
| 16,878,438
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['D02.241.081.337.302'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.396'], ['C19.053.500.480'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.241.081.337.502'], ['C16.320.565', 'C18.452.648'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Apparent glucose utilization in Walker 256 metastatic brain tumors.
|
Regional rates of apparent glucose utilization (GU) in metastatic Walker 256 (WL-256) brain tumors produced by the intracarotid injection of WL-256 tumor cells in rats were measured using 14C-deoxyglucose and quantitative autoradiography. Apparent glucose utilization was uniform within individual small and medium size tumors without necrosis, varied considerably among different tumors within this group, and did not correlate with tumor size or location. High values of GU in medium and large-size tumors correlated with viable-appearing tissue in contrast to necrotic tissue and were always 1.3 to 3 times higher than that of adjacent and contralateral nontumorous brain. The apparent net extraction of glucose (En*) in viable tumor regions was estimated to be several fold higher than that in remote brain tissue; analysis of this data for medium and large tumors indicates that the calculated values of GU and En* overestimate the actual rates of utilization and net extraction of glucose. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was higher than normal adjacent to small tumors and lower than normal adjacent to larger tumors. The LCGU in many gray-matter structures remote from the intracerebral tumors was reduced and roughly proportional to the metastatic tumor burden. The comparatively high uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by viable tumor cells has diagnostic value and suggests that appropriate glucose analogues could be developed to produce a tumor-selective inhibition of glycolysis and tumoricidal effect.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma 256, Walker', 'Deoxy Sugars', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Female', 'Kinetics', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tritium']
| 4,031,973
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.557.435.290.210', 'C04.557.450.795.290.210', 'C04.619.045'], ['D09.254'], ['D09.254.229'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Plastic reconstruction of the irradiated thoracic wall].
|
Chest-wall reconstruction following irradiation requires a surgical approach that addresses the specific healing disorders associated with irradiation: (1) biopsy of any open wound to rule out recurrence or persistence of tumor; (2) aggressive debridement of all necrotic or infected tissue, especially osteonecrosis of the chest wall; (3) reconstruction with well-vascularized muscle or musculocutaneous flaps. Coverage with muscle flaps provides a very reliable and effective single-stage reconstruction. Most types of flaps employed involve the latissimus, rectus abdominis and pectoralis muscle or musculocutaneous flaps. Rarely, stabilization of the thoracic wall is required, mostly facilitated by nonresorbable mesh. Respecting these principles, the irradiated chest wall can be reconstructed safely and with low morbidity. Plastic reconstructive techniques may also be employed safely to reconstruct the breast simultaneously in irradiated tissue by use of latissimus or rectus abdominis flaps.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'Female', 'Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'Thorax']
| 9,931,668
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.450.565.280', 'C04.557.450.795.300'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.425.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['C04.588.894'], ['A01.923.761']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lead concentrations in maternal and cord blood in women users of surma eye cosmetics.
|
A prospective study was undertaken to analyse the lead concentrations in maternal and cord blood of 71 pregnant Arab women at term who used eye cosmetics, particularly "surma". A total of 64 mothers (90%) used eye cosmetics throughout pregnancy, and, of these, 45% used surma. The lead content of the cosmetics available in the market was found to vary between zero and 88%. The mean lead concentrations in all blood samples were higher than the accepted natural levels of 0.001 mumol/l, but lower than the subtoxic level of 1.9 mumol/l. The mean lead concentration of all samples was lower than the subtoxic level of 1.9 mumol/l but higher than that quoted in the literature and suggested to be a natural level (0.001 mumol/l). This indicates that other lead pollutants may be involved. Lead concentrations in maternal and cord blood correlated well, but did not show any significant difference between surma and non-surma users. None of the newborns showed apparent congenital anomalies and their birthweights were comparable to average Saudi birthweights.
|
['Birth Weight', 'Cosmetics', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Humans', 'Lead', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Saudi Arabia']
| 2,471,445
|
[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['D27.720.269', 'J01.516.213'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
An integrated functional genomics and metabolomics approach for defining poor prognosis in human neuroendocrine cancers.
|
Human neuroendocrine (NE) cancers range from relatively indolent to highly aggressive. In this study, we combine functional genomics with metabolomics to identify features of NE cancers associated with a poor outcome. Analysis of GeneChip datasets of primary prostate tumors, as well as lymph node and liver metastases from transgenic mice with a NE cell cancer, plus derived NE cell lines yielded a signature of 446 genes whose expression is enriched in neoplastic mouse prostatic NE cells. This signature was used for in silico metabolic reconstructions of NE cell metabolism, directed liquid chromatography/tandem MS analysis of metabolites in prostatic NE tumors and cell lines, and analysis of GeneChip datasets of human NE tumors with good or poor prognoses. The results indicate that a distinguishing feature of poor-prognosis NE tumors is a glutamic acid decarboxylase-independent pathway for production of GABA and a pathway for production of imidazole-4-acetate that involves dopa decarboxylase and a membrane-associated amine oxidase, amiloride-binding protein 1. Electrophysiological studies disclosed that imidazole-4-acetate can bind and activate GABA(A) receptors expressed by transformed NE cells, thus providing a previously uncharacterized paradigm for NE tumor cell signaling. Transcriptional, metabolic, and electrophysiologic features of transformed mouse NE cells are also evident in neural progenitor cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Electrophysiology', 'Gene Expression', 'Genomics', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Prognosis', 'Receptors, GABA', 'Signal Transduction', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 15,998,737
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G05.297'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Arthrosis of glenohumeral joint after arthroscopic Bankart repair: a long-term follow-up of 13 years.
|
HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the study was to establish radiologic and clinical occurrence of glenohumeral arthrosis after arthroscopic Bankart repair.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 1998, an arthroscopic Bankart repair was performed in 187 patients at our institution. We were able to assess clinical and radiologic glenohumeral arthrosis in 72 of the 101 patients who met the inclusion criteria (74 shoulders) (71%) after a 13-year follow-up. An additional 9 patients were interviewed by telephone. Radiologic arthrosis was evaluated with the Samilson-Prieto classification and clinical arthrosis with an arthrosis-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder test). In addition, functional impairment was assessed with the Constant score and subjective satisfaction with a questionnaire.RESULTS: Radiologic arthrosis was diagnosed in 50 of 74 shoulders (68%), with 40 (80%) of them classified as mild. The mean score on the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder questionnaire was 280 points (85% of the best possible score), which is considered relatively good. The mean Constant score was 78 points, and 75% of the patients were extremely satisfied or satisfied with the final results of operative treatment.DISCUSSION: The radiologic evaluation and self-assessment of the patients imply that the incidence of glenohumeral arthrosis after arthroscopic Bankart repair is quite common but the symptoms are generally mild and comparable to nonoperative treatment.CONCLUSION: Arthrosis rarely causes more than minor subjective symptoms or a minor objectively perceived disadvantage during 13 years' follow-up.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Arthroscopy', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Self-Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Distribution', 'Shoulder Dislocation', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 21,813,296
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['C05.550.518.750', 'C26.289.750', 'C26.803.125'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Twin cities health care mergers, acquisitions, and affiliations. Implications for independent physician practices.
|
"The health care system in Minnesota, especially in the Twin Cities area, is currently undergoing change that can best be characterized as a consolidation of providers into larger and larger groups (multispecialty clinics, hospital/physician mergers, and expanded HMOs and PPOs). These changes are intended to produce economies of scale, less duplication of services, and better control of costs and quality of health care. Where does this leave the more traditional, smaller multispecialty or single-specialty practices often referred to as 'independents'?... How can independent groups respond to these trends in order to survive in the new health care marketplace?"
|
['Health Facility Merger', 'Humans', 'Managed Care Programs', 'Minnesota', 'Organizational Affiliation', "Physician's Role", 'Private Practice']
| 1,406,532
|
[['N02.278.235'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800', 'N04.590.374.410'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['N04.452.602'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['N04.452.758.745']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pain processing in the human brainstem and spinal cord before, during, and after the application of noxious heat stimuli.
|
Descending regulation of spinal cord responses to nociceptive signaling has a strong influence on pain perception. Previous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have indicated that in addition to reactive responses to nociceptive signals, there is a continuous component to regulation, and that it may vary with differences in pain sensitivity. We hypothesize that this continuous regulation component occurs routinely in fMRI studies before noxious stimulation, as well as during, and after stimulation. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing data from 59 healthy participants in 4 previous fMRI studies in our laboratory using noxious heat stimuli. Analyses included structural equation modeling to identify coordinated blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal variations between regions (ie, connectivity) and Bayesian regression of BOLD time-series responses in relation to pain ratings and stimulus temperatures. The results demonstrate the periaqueductal gray-rostral ventromedial medulla-spinal cord descending modulation pathway, influenced by input from the hypothalamus, parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus tractus solitarius. Connectivity between specific regions is observed to vary in relation to pain sensitivity. The results support the conclusion that homeostatic autonomic control influences the net descending pain regulation, and therefore influences pain sensitivity. The results describe the overall properties of pain processing (specifically pain elicited by heat) in the healthy human brainstem and spinal cord, and mechanisms for variation across individuals. This understanding is expected to be important for studies of how pain processing is altered in chronic pain conditions.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Brain Mapping', 'Brain Stem', 'Female', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Oxygen', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Regression Analysis', 'Skin', 'Spinal Cord']
| 29,905,656
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['A17.815'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Is radical cystectomy indicated for the treatment of patients with bladder carcinoma N+ M0?].
|
UNLABELLED: The following parameters were analyzed in 55 patients with N + M0 bladder carcinoma: 1. Extent of lymph node involvement: A significant difference was observed for those with N1 whose 5 year survival rate is 46%, whereas those with N3, N4 did not survive at two years. 2.TREATMENT: 29 patients underwent cystectomy and 26 did not. Of these 26 patients, 14 received polychemotherapy and 11 received only symptomatic treatment. Survivorship was significantly better for those who underwent cystectomy than those who received polychemotherapy, and it was better for this latter patient group than for those who received symptomatic treatment. 3. Finally, we studied the possible effect of changing the chemotherapeutic regimen on patient survival. Although patients treated with CMV or M-VAC have only a short follow-up, patient survival appears to be enhanced.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Cisplatin', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Cystectomy', 'Doxorubicin', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Spain', 'Survival Rate', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Vinblastine']
| 2,064,422
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['E04.950.774.150'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.446'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation is catalysed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in vitro: chlorpropamide disposition is influenced by CYP2C9, but not by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism.
|
AIMS: We evaluated the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms 2C9 and 2C19 in chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation in vitro and in chlorpropamide disposition in vivo.METHODS: To identify CYP isoforms(s) that catalyse 2-hydroxylation of chlorpropamide, the incubation studies were conducted using human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP isoforms. To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and/or CYP2C19 influence the disposition of chlorpropamide, a single oral dose of 250 mg chlorpropamide was administered to 21 healthy subjects pregenotyped for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.RESULTS: In human liver microsomal incubation studies, the formation of 2-hydroxychlorpropamide (2-OH-chlorpropamide), a major chlorpropamide metabolite in human, has been best described by a one-enzyme model with estimated K(m) and V(max) of 121.7 +/- 19.9 microm and 16.1 +/- 5.0 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively. In incubation studies using human recombinant CYP isoforms, however, 2-OH-chlorpropamide was formed by both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 with similar intrinsic clearances (CYP2C9 vs. CYP2C19: 0.26 vs. 0.22 microl min(-1) nmol(-1) protein). Formation of 2-OH-chlorpropamide in human liver microsomes was significantly inhibited by sulfaphenazole, but not by S-mephenytoin, ketoconazole, quinidine, or furafylline. In in vivo clinical trials, eight subjects with the CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype exhibited significantly lower nonrenal clearance [*1/*3 vs.*1/*1: 1.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.1 ml h(-1) kg(-1), P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) on the difference 0.2, 1.0] and higher metabolic ratios (of chlorpropamide/2-OH-chlorpropamide in urine: *1/*3 vs.*1/*1: 1.01 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.56 +/- 0.08, P < 0.05; 95% CI on the difference - 0.9, - 0.1) than did 13 subjects with CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype. In contrast, no differences in chlorpropamide pharmacokinetics were observed for subjects with the CYP2C19 extensive metabolizer vs. poor metabolizer genotypes.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chlorpropamide disposition is principally determined by CYP2C9 activity in vivo, although both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 have a catalysing activity of chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation pathway.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Chlorpropamide', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxylation', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Microsomes', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 15,842,554
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D02.065.950.828.283', 'D02.886.590.795.283'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.700', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.700', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.700'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Contrasting effects of clonidine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on spinal sympathetic pathways.
|
The effects of clonidine HCI were compared with those of 5-HTP on transmission through two spinal sympathetic pathways, segmental spinal reflex pathways and descending intraspinal excitatory pathways, in unanesthetized spinal cats. Evoked sympathetic discharges were recorded from upper thoracic preganglionic rami. Clonidine (5-50 microgram/kg) produced a parallel, dose-dependent depression of transmission through each pathway. The intraspinal pathway was five time more sensitive than the spinal reflex pathway (ED50's, 6 and 30 microgram/kg), and the spinal reflex pathway could not be depressed by more than 60% even by higher doses. In contrast, 5-HTP was more effective in depressing the spinal reflex than the intraspinal pathway (ED50's 32 and 44 mg/kg), and both pathways could be depressed completely. Small doses of tolazoline or yohimbine rapidly antagonized the effects of clonidine but not 5-HTP. Clonidine and 5-HTP appear to depress the excitability of sympathetic preganglionic neurons by activating alpha2- and 5-HT receptors, respectively. Each mechanism may contribute independently to regulation of the sympathetic outflow.
|
['5-Hydroxytryptophan', 'Animals', 'Cats', 'Clonidine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Neural Pathways', 'Receptors, Adrenergic', 'Spinal Cord', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 6,977,434
|
[['D12.125.072.050.850.479'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A08.612'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence and associated risk indicators of retinopathy in a rural Bangladeshi population with and without diabetes.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of retinopathy among people with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism in a remote rural community of Bangladesh, and to identify the associated risk indicators for developing retinopathy in this population.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted through screening in camp settings, which included a total of 836 participants (468 male and 368 female) aged 30 years or over. Retinopathy was determined by fundus photography. Anthropometric measures (body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio), oral glucose tolerance, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, lipid profile, serum creatinine and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured. Logistic regression analysis was used with adjustment for potential confounders.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of retinopathy was 5.4% (95% confidence interval, CI, 3.9-6.9). The prevalence rates of retinopathy among diabetic, impaired glucose regulation and non-diabetic subjects were 21.6%, 13% and 3.5%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for retinopathy were 2.53 (95% CI 1.52-5.41) for abnormal glucose metabolism and 1.98 (95% CI 1.17-5.63), 1.74 (95% CI 1.09-3.02) and 1.63 (95% CI 1.08-3.12) for hypertension, HbA1c and UACR, respectively. Additionally, age, body mass index, triglyceride and total cholesterol were also found to be significant independent risk indicators for the occurrence of retinopathy in this population.CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of retinopathy was observed in this rural Bangladeshi population. In addition to blood glucose control for diabetes, screening for hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia and proteinuria as well as adequate treatment of these risk indicators may prevent retinopathy in rural Bangladeshi populations.
|
['Adult', 'Albuminuria', 'Anthropometry', 'Bangladesh', 'Blood Pressure', 'Creatine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Young Adult']
| 23,865,602
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N01.600.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Balloon catheter use for cervical ripening in women with term pre-labor rupture of membranes: A 5-year cohort study.
|
INTRODUCTION: To investigate the safety of balloon catheter for cervical ripening in women with term pre-labor rupture of membranes (PROM) and to compare the incidence of maternal and neonatal infections in women with PROM and women with intact membranes undergoing cervical ripening with a balloon catheter.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study of 1923 women with term singleton pregnancy and an unfavorable cervix undergoing cervical ripening with a balloon catheter was conducted in Helsinki University Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. For each case of PROM, two controls were assigned. The main outcome measures were the rates of maternal and neonatal infections. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS.RESULTS: In all, 641 (33.3%) women following PROM and 1282 (66.6%) women with intact amniotic membranes underwent labor induction. The rates of intrapartum infection (3.7% vs 7.7%; P = .001) and neonatal infection (1.7% vs 3.8%; P = .01) were not increased in women induced by balloon catheter following PROM. Intrapartum infections were associated with nulliparity (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.5), history of previous cesarean section (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-6.4), extended gestational age ?41 weeks (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.0) and an induction to delivery interval of 48 hours or more (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3). The risk of neonatal infection was associated with nulliparity (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4-8.0), gestational age ?41 weeks (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.09-3.36) and induction to delivery interval of 48 hours or more (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.9-6.0).CONCLUSIONS: Use of balloon catheter in women with term PROM appears safe and was not associated with increased maternal or neonatal infectious morbidity.
|
['Adult', 'Catheters', 'Cervical Ripening', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Labor, Induced', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Term Birth']
| 32,242,917
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.132'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.520.252.968'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G08.686.784.769.490.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Measures of low lung function and the prediction of incident COPD events and acute coronary events.
|
BACKGROUND: Although reduced lung function is associated with both COPD and coronary events (CE), the pattern of lung function impairment could be different for the two outcomes. We examined different measures of lung function in relation to incident COPD events and CE in a population-based cohort.METHODS: Baseline spirometry and lung clearance index (LCI) were assessed in 672 men aged 55 years. Outcomes included incident COPD events and CE (hospitalisation or mortality). Cox regression was used to obtain HRs per 1-standard deviation (SD) decrement in baseline lung function. The Lunn-McNeil competing risks approach was used to assess if differences in risks for incident COPD events and CE were significant.RESULTS: Over 44 years follow-up there were 85 incident COPD events and 266 incident CE. Low FEV1 and FEV1/VC and high LCI showed significantly stronger relationships with COPD events than CE (adjusted HRs per 1SD decrement and p-value for equal associations: FEV1; HRCOPD: 2.11 (1.66-2.68), HRCE: 1.30 (1.13-1.49) p < 0.001, FEV1/VC; HRCOPD 1.95 (1.60-2.36), HRCE 1.11 (0.98-1.26) p < 0.0001, LCI; HRCOPD: 1.58 (1.26-1.98), HRCE: 1.14 (1.00-1.31) p = 0.015. Low VC was significantly associated with both COPD and CE, but HRs were not significantly different between the outcomes (p-value for equal associations = 0.706).CONCLUSIONS: Low FEV1 and FEV1/VC and high LCI at baseline show significantly stronger relationships with future COPD events than CE. Low VC at baseline is similarly associated with future COPD events and CE. This indicates differences but also an important similarity in the "lung function profile" for developing incident COPD events or incident CE later in life.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Age Factors', 'Cohort Studies', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Management', 'Time Factors']
| 30,366,586
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Self-renewal of embryonic stem cells through culture on nanopattern polydimethylsiloxane substrate.
|
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can undergo continual proliferation and differentiation into cells of all somatic cell lineages in vitro; they are an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine. However, techniques for maintaining undifferentiated ES cells are often inefficient and result in heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we determined effects of nanopattern polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a culture substrate in promoting the self-renewal of mouse ES (mES) cells, compared to commercial plastic culture dishes. After many passages, mES cells efficiently maintained their undifferentiated state on nanopattern PDMS, but randomly differentiated on commercial plastic culture dishes, as indicated by partially altered morphologies and decreases in alkaline phosphatase activity and stage-specific expression of embryonic antigen-1. Under nanopattern PDMS conditions, we found increased activities of STAT3 and Akt, important proteins involved in maintaining the self-renewal of mES cells. The substrate-cell interactions also enhanced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-downstream signaling and inhibited spontaneous differentiation, concomitant with reduced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. This reduction in FAK signaling was shown to be important for promoting mES cell self-renewal. Thus, our data demonstrates that nanopattern PDMS contributes to maintaining the self-renewal of mES cells and may be applicable in the large-scale production of homogeneously undifferentiated mES cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dimethylpolysiloxanes', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Focal Adhesions', 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'Mice', 'Nanoparticles', 'Surface Properties']
| 22,541,355
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.756.650.700.150', 'D05.750.900.850.150', 'D25.720.900.850.150', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.150'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.049', 'D12.644.360.287', 'D12.776.476.287'], ['A11.284.149.165.165.285'], ['D12.644.276.374.470', 'D12.776.467.374.470', 'D23.529.374.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Kinetics of cAMP inhibition of DNA synthesis in bovine adrenocortical cells.
|
cAMP-treated bovine adrenocortical cells are arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Removal of serum also arrests bovine adrenocortical cells in G1. In the presence of cAMP, serum and fibroblast growth factor stimulate increases in medium cell volume, but DNA synthesis is not initiated. Under these conditions cAMP increases steroidogenic capacity 7- to 10-fold as assessed by metabolism of pregnenolone to fluorogenic steroids. When the kinetics of entry of cells into S phase are quantitated, serum- and FGF-treated cells initiate DNA synthesis at an exponential rate after a 12-h lag. In contrast when cAMP is removed, cells immediately initiate DNA synthesis without a lag at a similar exponential rate (6.3 and 5.3% of the cells entering S/h). In the presence of growth factors, cAMP-treated bovine adrenocortical cells are thus hypertrophied with increased steroidogenic capacity, but are reversibly arrested at the G1/S boundary. These findings suggest that cAMP arrests cell replication by mechanisms distinct from those of serum deprivation.
|
['8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Adrenal Cortex', 'Animals', 'Bucladesine', 'Cattle', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cyclic AMP', 'DNA', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Kinetics', 'Peptides']
| 6,248,401
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.225', 'D13.695.462.200.225', 'D13.695.667.138.395.225', 'D13.695.827.068.395.225'], ['A06.300.071.140'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.144'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interaction between vaccinia virus and human blood platelets.
|
The objective of the present study was to characterize the interaction between human platelets and vaccinia virus and to examine possible impairment of platelet functions. The vaccinia virus was selected for our model system because it lacks detectable neuraminidase activity. Platelets were incubated with purified viral particles labeled with 3H-thymidine and binding parameters were analyzed. Binding reached saturation with an average of 5 particles/platelet. It was not affected by the plasma but was sensitive to temperature and to metabolic inhibitors. 3H-thymidine-labeled vaccinia virus and formaldehyde-fixed platelets were used to measure viral adsorption. The adsorption was temperature-independent but was affected by ionic strength, indicating electrostatic interactions. Treatment of the fixed platelets with neuraminidase or with alkaline phosphatase reduced viral adsorption, indicating that sialate and phosphate residues on the platelet surface may be involved in the adsorption. Platelet activities were markedly affected by vaccinia virus. The virus caused a dramatic 14C-serotonin release with no added inducer. The release was inhibited by aspirin, a known inhibitor of serotonin release related to prostaglandin synthesis. Furthermore, the virus inhibited platelet aggregation, induced by either ADP, collagen, or thrombin. This study demonstrates that although vaccinia virus lacks neuraminidase activity, it does bind to platelets and affects their function.
|
['Adsorption', 'Blood Platelets', 'Humans', 'Phosphates', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Serotonin', 'Sialic Acids', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Vaccinia virus']
| 7,059,666
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D12.776.543.750.830'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668', 'D09.067.687.668', 'D09.811.589.668'], ['D02.886.489'], ['B04.280.650.160.650.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Response of Escherichia coli strains carrying plasmid(s) and their plasmidless derivatives to bactericidal activity of human serum and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
|
Ten virulence plasmid(s) and antibiotic resistance plasmid(s) carrying Escherichia coli strains isolated from stool of infants with diarrhoea and their plasmidless derivatives were examined for response to bactericidal activity of human serum and intracellular killing of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Plasmid(s) carrying isolates exhibited a significantly higher resistance to serum and phagocytosis.
|
['Blood Bactericidal Activity', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'Plasmids', 'Virulence']
| 1,805,497
|
[['G09.188.100', 'G12.450.564.204'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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