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Fibroblast growth factor stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells in vitro.
|
We have developed an in vitro culture system to study the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells contained within the neuroepithelium of embryonic day 10 mice. A number of soluble growth factors have been tested for their ability to regulate these early events and, of these factors, we have found that the fibroblast growth factors [FGFs] can directly stimulate the proliferation and survival of the neuroepithelial cells. At least 50% of the neuroepithelial cells divide in the presence of FGF whereas in the absence of FGF all of the cells die within 6 days of culture. At higher concentrations of FGF, the cells change from being nonadherent round cells in tight clusters into a more flattened cell type which adheres to the substratum. This morphological change is accompanied by the expression of both neurofilament and GFAP, which are definitive markers of the two major cell types in the central nervous system: neurons and glia. In addition a neuroepithelial cell line, which does not rely on FGF for survival or proliferation, expresses both of these markers in response to FGF. These results indicate that FGF is stimulating the differentiation of the neuroepithelial cells into mature neurons and glia.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Intermediate Filament Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Neurofilament Proteins', 'Stem Cells', 'Thymidine']
| 2,112,611
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A16.254'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['D05.750.078.593', 'D12.776.220.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['D05.750.078.593.630', 'D12.776.220.475.630', 'D12.776.631.630'], ['A11.872'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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Does failure hurt? The effects of failure feedback on pain report, pain tolerance and pain avoidance.
|
In this study an experiment was conducted to examine whether failure experiences have an effect on pain report, pain tolerance and pain avoidance. Furthermore, it was investigated if negative affectivity (NA) affected the impact of failure feedback on pain report, either as a mediator, in the case of negative state affect, or as a moderator when NA as a personality trait was considered. Fifty-four healthy female volunteers were included and randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) failure feedback; (2) success feedback; (3) neutral control task. After the manipulation, subjects were given a cold pressor task in order to obtain pain measures. Regarding the effects of failure feedback on pain report, it was found that, in comparison with success feedback, failure feedback led to increased pain report. With regard to pain tolerance, pain was tolerated for longer when preceded by success feedback than when preceded by failure feedback. Differences between failure and control conditions did not reach significance. With regard to pain avoidance, no differences between the conditions were found. The hypothesized mediating role of negative state affect was not found. Though in the hypothesized direction, no significant effect was found for NA-trait moderating the influence of failure on pain. The discussion focuses on a number of research questions that remain to be answered, and the clinical relevance of the effects of failure and success experiences on pain report and pain tolerance.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Behavior', 'Biofeedback, Psychology', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Regression Analysis', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 11,124,005
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F01.145'], ['E02.190.525.123', 'F02.830.131', 'F04.754.137.301', 'F04.754.308.500'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Is sublobar resection sufficient for carcinoid tumors?
|
BACKGROUND: The existing guidelines for extent of resection of carcinoid tumors are based on other, more malignant non-small cell lung cancers. Because of the small number of patients in any single institution, we analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to study the effect of the extent of resection of these tumors on overall survival.METHODS: All patients with lung cancer in the SEER database from 1973 to 2006 with carcinoid tumors as their only cancer were included. Variables examined included age, race (white, black, others), gender, histologic type (atypical versus typical carcinoid), stage (localized, regional, and distant), extent of resection (sublobar resection, lobectomy, or more extensive) and survival. Univariate analyses (Kaplan-Meier method) were used to select variables for multivariate analysis (Cox regression analysis). Associations were considered significant with an alpha error < 5%. In addition, propensity score-matched Cox regression analysis was performed for patients with typical carcinoid disease.RESULTS: Most patients with carcinoid tumors did not acquire any other cancers (4,785/6,819; 70.2%). Of these, 797 patients had sublobar resection and 2,681 patients had lobectomy or more extensive resections. On univariate analysis, gender (p = 0.014), race (p < 0.001), stage (p < 0.001), histologic type (p < 0.001) and extent of resection (p = 0.04) were associated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, gender, race, stage, and histologic type remain statistically associated with overall survival and disease-specific survival, whereas extent of resection is not. Propensity score-matched analysis demonstrates that for typical carcinoid, extent of resection is not associated with overall survival when adjusted for age, gender, race, and stage.CONCLUSIONS: Sublobar resection of carcinoid tumors did not compromise oncologic outcomes in a large population-based database. Lobectomy for typical carcinoid tumors is not mandatory as long as complete resection and adequate mediastinal staging are performed.
|
['Carcinoid Tumor', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'SEER Program', 'Survival Rate']
| 21,704,299
|
[['C04.557.465.625.650.200', 'C04.557.470.200.025.200', 'C04.557.580.625.650.200'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Collagen XV, a novel factor in zebrafish notochord differentiation and muscle development.
|
Muscle cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix, the components of which play an important role in signalling mechanisms involved in their development. In mice, loss of collagen XV, a component of basement membranes expressed primarily in skeletal muscles, results in a mild skeletal myopathy. We have determined the complete zebrafish collagen XV primary sequence and analysed its expression and function in embryogenesis. During the segmentation period, expression of the Col15a1 gene is mainly found in the notochord and its protein product is deposited exclusively in the peri-notochordal basement membrane. Morpholino mediated knock-down of Col15a1 causes defects in notochord differentiation and in fast and slow muscle formation as shown by persistence of axial mesodermal marker gene expression, disorganization of the peri-notochodal basement membrane and myofibrils, and a U-shape myotome. In addition, the number of medial fast-twitch muscle fibers was substantially increased, suggesting that the signalling by notochord derived Hh proteins is enhanced by loss of collagen XV. Consistent with this, there is a concomitant expansion of patched-1 expression in the myotome of morphant embryos. Together, these results indicate that collagen XV is required for notochord differentiation and muscle development in the zebrafish embryo and that it interplays with Shh signalling.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Basement Membrane', 'Body Patterning', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Collagen', 'Hedgehog Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscle Development', 'Notochord', 'Signal Transduction', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 18,281,032
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['G07.345.500.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D12.644.276.671', 'D12.776.467.671', 'D23.529.671'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.590', 'G11.427.578.590'], ['A16.660'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Identifying young people exposed to or at risk of sexual ill health: pilot implementation of an evidence-informed toolkit (SEXIT) at Swedish youth clinics.
|
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop and pilot-implement an evidence-informed toolkit (SEXual health Identification Tool; SEXIT) for identifying young people exposed to or at risk of sexual ill health, at Swedish youth clinics, and to investigate SEXIT's potential to identify young people in need of special care and monitoring.METHODS: The SEXIT toolkit was developed, validated and pilot-implemented at three Swedish youth clinics. Pre-implementation staff readiness was assessed and youth clinic visitors' responses to SEXIT were analysed.RESULTS: All staff perceived a need for screening for sexual risk-taking and exposure. The response rate from 268 youth clinic visitors (aged 15-24 years) was 86%. Half of the visitors had one or no variable associated with sexual ill health, a third had two or three, and 15% reported between four and seven variables. The most common variables were alcohol use, three or more sexual partners in the past year and previous chlamydia. Visitors rated SEXIT as important and not uncomfortable or difficult to answer.CONCLUSIONS: The SEXIT toolkit was found to be feasible and highly acceptable in a clinical setting. The use of SEXIT may facilitate important questions on sexual risk-taking and sexual ill health to be raised with youth clinic visitors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Family Planning Services', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Health Plan Implementation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pilot Projects', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sex Education', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Health', 'Sexual Partners', 'Sweden', 'Young Adult']
| 30,730,215
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['N03.349.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F04.096.837.500', 'I02.233.332.749'], ['F01.145.802'], ['N01.400.663'], ['M01.778'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Open-label trial of atomoxetine hydrochloride in adults with ADHD.
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BACKGROUND: While atomoxetine is an established treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children, few studies have examined its efficacy for adults.METHODS: Open-label trial of atomoxetine in 20 individuals with ADHD, aged 19-47 years, for 10 weeks, and a total of one year for responders.RESULTS: Ten patients met primary efficacy criteria at 10 weeks. Only one patient completed the whole study. Six patients discontinued before 10 weeks and thirteen at 10 weeks or later, mainly because of side-effects (aggression, depressed mood, raised liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, diastolic blood pressure), decreasing efficacy or non-compliance.CONCLUSION: Fifty percent responded to treatment, but only one patient (5%) felt sufficient improvement to continue for one year. Dosage may have been too low, and baseline impairment too high, for atomoxetine to have sufficient effect on ADHD symptoms in our group of adults. The majority had few side-effects, but several terminated treatment because of adverse effects.
|
['Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors', 'Adult', 'Atomoxetine Hydrochloride', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intention to Treat Analysis', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Propylamines', 'Time', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,458,384
|
[['D27.505.519.562.437.050', 'D27.505.519.625.050.601', 'D27.505.519.625.600.050', 'D27.505.696.577.050.601', 'D27.505.696.577.600.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.092.831.085'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['D02.092.831'], ['G01.910'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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The relationship between differences in regional growth rates and changes in shape during human fetal craniofacial growth.
|
Large differences in growth rates between various craniofacial regions have been reported but have not distinguished between absolute and relative rates. Measurements on 60 fetuses, 49-212 mm crown-rump length, showed that absolute growth rates correlated highly with size of the craniofacial region measured (r = 0.9996, p less than 0.001) but were unrelated to changes in shape and relative proportion. By standardizing for size, absolute growth rates were converted into relative growth rates which correlated with changes in relative proportion and thus shape (r = 0.785, p less than 0.001).
|
['Cephalometry', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Face', 'Facial Bones', 'Humans', 'Skull']
| 3,857,883
|
[['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['A01.456.505'], ['A02.835.232.781.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vulvar surgery for neurofibromatosis.
|
Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis is an unusual disorder with a wide variety of manifestations. The initial findings may at times involve the female genitalia. When the vulva is affected, the obstetrician-gynecologist has an opportunity for the establishment of an accurate diagnosis as well as for cosmetic correction. Two cases are presented which illustrate these concepts.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neurofibromatosis 1', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']
| 3,917,565
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650'], ['C04.588.945.418.968', 'C13.351.500.944.819', 'C13.351.937.418.968']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comprehensive ubiquitous healthcare solution on an Android™ mobile device.
|
Provision of ubiquitous healthcare solutions which provide healthcare services at anytime anywhere has become more favorable nowadays due to the emphasis on healthcare awareness and also the growth of mobile wireless technologies. Following this approach, an Android™ smart phone device is proposed as a mobile monitoring terminal to observe and analyze ECG (electrocardiography) waveforms from wearable ECG devices in real time under the coverage of a wireless sensor network (WSN). The exploitation of WSN in healthcare is able to substitute the complicated wired technology, moving healthcare away from a fixed location setting. As an extension to the monitoring scheme, medicine care is taken into consideration by utilizing the mobile phone as a barcode decoder, to verify and assist out-patients in the medication administration process, providing a better and more comprehensive healthcare service.
|
['Cell Phone', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Humans', 'Remote Sensing Technology', 'Telemedicine', 'Wireless Technology']
| 22,163,986
|
[['L01.178.847.698.300'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520.750.500', 'E05.925.500', 'L01.178.847.675.500'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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|
[Results of a questionnaire issued to expectant and delivered mothers (author's transl)].
|
At the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien, Vienna, 98% of all deliveries are continuously monitored. 30% (1979) received epidural anaesthesia. The presence of the husband in the delivery room and partial rooming-in is available to all mothers. To find out if the service to expectant and delivered mothers is according to the requirement of our patients, questionnaires were distributed indiscriminately over a two-month period to 350 pregnant women and to 240 women in the puerperium. Fetal monitoring was valued positively in the majority of cases, the presence of the husband during delivery is requested in a minority of cases only, but would be welcomed by a higher proportion of puerperal women for the next delivery. Expectant mothers wished epidural anaesthesia in 50% of cases. Not only pregnant, but also delivered women demanded rooming-in, the latter group agreeing in the main with our partial form of rooming-in. Nearly 90% of mothers with rooming-in felt well prepared for baby care on leaving the hospital. We believe in the possibility of a synthesis of continuous monitoring to achieve optimum safety of delivery and family-orientated obstetrics in the hospital management of labour and the puerperium.
|
['Anesthesia, Epidural', 'Austria', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Female', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Hospital Departments', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital', 'Pregnancy', 'Rooming-in Care']
| 7,281,696
|
[['E03.155.086.131'], ['Z01.542.088'], ['F01.145.236'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['N02.278.216.500.968', 'N04.452.442.452.422'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.495', 'N04.452.442.452.422.495'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N02.421.088.120.240']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Treating chronically ill people with diabetes mellitus with limited life expectancy: implications for performance measurement.
|
OBJECTIVES: To develop an algorithm to identify individuals with limited life expectancy and examine the effect of limited life expectancy on glycemic control and treatment intensification in individuals with diabetes mellitus.DESIGN: Individuals with diabetes mellitus and coexisting congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, end-stage liver disease, and/or primary or metastatic cancer with limited life expectancy were identified. To validate the algorithm, 5-year mortality was assessed in individuals identified as having limited life expectancy. Rates of meeting performance measures for glycemic control between individuals with and without limited life expectancy were compared. In individuals with uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) levels, the effect of limited life expectancy on treatment intensification within 90 days was examined.SETTING: One hundred ten Department of Veterans Affairs facilities; October 2006 to September 2007.PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred eighty-eight thousand six hundred twenty-eight individuals with diabetes mellitus.MEASUREMENTS: HbA(1c) ; treatment intensification within 90 days of index HbA(1c) reading.RESULTS: Twenty-nine thousand sixteen (3%) participants had limited life expectancy. Adjusting for age, 5-year mortality was five times as high in participants with limited life expectancy than in those without. Participants with limited life expectancy had poorer glycemic control than those without (glycemic control: 77.1% vs 78.1%; odds ratio (OR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81-0.86) and less-frequent treatment intensification (treatment intensification: 20.9% vs 28.6%; OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.67-0.76), even after controlling for patient-level characteristics.CONCLUSION: Participants with limited life expectancy were less likely than those without to have controlled HbA(1c) levels and to receive treatment intensification, suggesting that providers treat these individuals less aggressively. Quality measurement and performance-based reimbursement systems should acknowledge the different needs of this population.
|
['Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Life Expectancy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,260,627
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 0
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| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 0
|
Freeze-all, oocyte vitrification, or fresh embryo transfer? Lessons from an egg-sharing donation program.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of ETs using cryopreserved embryos, cryopreserved oocytes, or fresh embryos.DESIGN: Observational, cohort study.SETTING: Private university-affiliated fertility center.PATIENT(S): This study included 8,210 mature oocytes obtained from 425 oocyte donors. Of those, 5,440 were used for the donors' own cycles (Fresh Oocyte Cycles Group), and 2,770 were cryobanked for 425 recipients (Banked Donor Egg Group). All of the oocytes were sperm injected, resulting in 4,585 embryos from the donors' own cycles and 2,128 embryos from the recipients' cycles. For the donor cycles, embryos were either cryopreserved and transferred during a subsequent cycle (Thaw Cycles Group, 3,209 embryos), or they were transferred during a fresh cycle (Fresh Cycles Group, 1,307 embryos). For the recipient cycles, embryos derived from vitrified oocytes were transferred (Vitrified Oocytes Group, n = 425 cycles, 2,128 embryos).INTERVENTION(S): Oocyte/embryo vitrification and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Embryo quality, pregnancy, and implantation rates.RESULT(S): Decreased embryo quality and lower rates of blastocyst formation were observed among embryos derived from vitrified oocytes. The highest pregnancy and implantation rates were noted for the Thaw Cycles Group, followed by the Banked Donor Egg Group; the Fresh Cycles Group had the lowest rates.CONCLUSION(S): Oocyte vitrification followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection leads to lower embryo developmental competence compared with when fresh insemination methods are used. However, pregnancy and implantation rates are higher when embryos are transferred into a "more receptive" endometrium, free of the adverse effects of gonadotropin. Moreover, the freeze-all method leads to exceptional clinical outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Blastocyst', 'Cryopreservation', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Middle Aged', 'Oocyte Donation', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Program Evaluation', 'Risk Factors', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic', 'Tissue Preservation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vitrification']
| 27,262,501
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A16.254.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['G08.686.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.875.800.968', 'E05.820.800.968'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760', 'E02.792.833', 'E05.200.500.620.760', 'E05.200.750.600.760', 'E05.760.833'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G01.645.625']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gluten sensitivity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: Whereas celiac disease and primary biliary cirrhosis have been reported to coexist in the same patient, the frequency of this relationship has not been clarified. Nowadays, the concept of celiac disease has been extended from that of a severe enteropathy to a broader concept of gluten-driven intestinal immunological response. In this study we assessed features of gluten sensitivity in a cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.METHODS: Ten patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were evaluated a mean of 2 yr after diagnosis. The following features of gluten sensitivity were assessed: serum antigliadin and endomysial antibodies, small bowel histology (degree of atrophy and quantitative histological parameters), the presence of the typical celiac HLA genotype (DQ2), and intraepithelial lymphocyte response in the rectal mucosa after local gluten instillation (rectal gluten challenge).RESULTS: Overall, three patients presented evidence of gluten sensitivity. All three had abnormal titers of antigliadin antibody type IgA and one was positive for endomysial antibody. Two patients had partial villous atrophy. The rectal gluten challenge showed a celiac-like response, evidenced by an increase in intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration after gluten exposure, in the three patients. The characteristic celiac HLA genotypes (DQA1 0501 and DQB1 0201) were identified in three patients. One of them also exhibited other features of gluten sensitivity. However, despite evidence of gluten intolerance, patients had minimal or no symptoms characteristic of celiac disease.CONCLUSION: We detected features of gluten sensitivity in a high proportion of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the clinical significance of this association.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gliadin', 'Glutens', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Intestine, Small', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rectum']
| 9,580,141
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500.400', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500.400'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['C06.130.120.135.250.250', 'C06.552.150.250', 'C06.552.630.400', 'C23.550.355.412.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Stereochemical specificity for sterols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
When sterol biosynthesis in oxygen-deprived wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae was prevented by the presence of 2,3-iminosqualene, an inhibitor of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase, an absolute requirement for a sterol with a 24 beta-methyl group was found. Neither the configuration nor the size of the alkyl group at C-24 could be altered. For instance, while 24 beta-methylcholesterol (22-dihydrobrassicasterol) permitted good growth, contrary to earlier work without the inhibitor no growth at all resulted from the presence of cholesterol or its 24 alpha-methyl-, 24 alpha-ethyl-, or 24 beta-ethyl derivatives (campesterol, sitosterol, and clionasterol, respectively). The only sterol lacking a 24 beta-methyl group which allowed growth was desmosterol (24-dehydro-cholesterol), but desmosterol was metabolized to 24 beta-methylcholesterol by C1-transfer and reduction. When cholesterol supported growth in the absence of the inhibitor, small amounts of endogenously synthesized 24 beta-methylsterols (ergosterol and 22-dihydroergosterol) were identified. This previously unrecognized absolute specificity for both chirality and bulk at C-24 suggests the involvement of protein binding in at least one of the roles which sterol plays in this single-celled eukaryote.
|
['Cholesterol', 'Kinetics', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Squalene', 'Sterols']
| 6,339,498
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.806', 'D02.455.849.919.681'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Renin and aldosterone].
|
The radioimmunological dosages of renin and of aldosterone are used nowadays in clinical practice for research purposes only. The measurement of activity of plasma renin may be considered a significant indication of the concentration of the enzime in plasma and, indirectly, of its secretion. Several factors take a part in the regulation of renin secretion (mean arterial pressure, introduction of sodium and potassium, the sympathetic nervous system, ADH and concentration of angiotensin II in plasma). In pathological conditions such factors may cause alteration of the renin-angiotensin II system, thus determining hyperreninisms and hyporeninisms, whether associated with arterial hypertension or not. Several factors take a part on aldosterone secretion too (ACTH, sodiaemia, potassiaemia, renin-angiotensin II system). In pathological conditions the alteration of the regulation system may lead to hyperaldosteronism or to hypoaldosteronism of primary or secondary type. A survey of recent research on the physiopathology of the renin-aldosterone system is also given.
|
['Aldosterone', 'Angiotensin II', 'Humans', 'Hyperaldosteronism', 'Hypertension', 'Juxtaglomerular Apparatus', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Renin']
| 1,232,875
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.053.800.604'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.520', 'A05.810.453.736.520.520'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of hypofractionated radiotherapy in the management of head and neck cancer - a modelling approach.
|
INTRODUCTION: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and hypoxia are key contributors towards radioresistance and they influence the choice of radiotherapy schedule for optimal tumour control. Since hypofractionation is becoming more popular in head and neck cancer (HNC) management, the aim of this work is to use a modelling approach to evaluate the efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy on both early stage and advanced tumours.METHODS: An in silico HNC was developed starting from one CSC. For a biologically indorsed tumour, CSCs generate all heterogeneous cell lineages with a 1.9% probability of symmetrical division, 33 h mean cell cycle time and 52 days volume doubling time. The simulated schedules include conventional, hyperfractionated, and hypofractionated radiotherapy and they target tumours with various oxygenation levels.RESULTS: Oxic and mildly hypoxic tumours can benefit from hypofractionation, which reduces treatment time without increasing adverse events. Advanced tumours are only controlled by hyperfractionation, however a tumour with oxygen levels below 6 mmHg and 5.9% pre-treatment CSCs, needs either a dose greater than 81.6 Gy to be eradicated or the addition of adjuvant therapies.CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionation is suited for early stage tumours, whereas aggressive HNC require hyperfractionation. The interplay between CSCs and hypoxia dictates the optimal treatment strategy.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Computer Simulation', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Radiation Dose Hypofractionation', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck', 'Tumor Burden', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 31,493,484
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A11.872.650'], ['E02.815.639.200.500'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.565', 'C04.588.443.177'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Reflex regulation of hormonal responses during pregnancy.
|
1. During pregnancy in most species, the resting levels of plasma angiotensin II, plasma ACTH (corticotropin) are increased. The concentration of vasopressin is also increased relatively to the osmolality in rats and in humans. 2. In the pregnant state mean arterial pressure is decreased, despite an increase in blood volume. Vasopressin and ACTH responses to hypotension are altered in pregnant ewes; the relationship between mean arterial pressure and vasopressin or ACTH response is shifted to the left, consistent with a change in set-point for regulation of mean arterial pressure. The vasopressin and cortisol responses to hypotensive haemorrhage are also altered in the pregnant dog; in this case the slope of the relation between mean arterial pressure and hormone response is decreased. 3. The decrease in hormone responses to hypotension is stimulus-specific; ACTH responses to hypoglycaemia are increased in the pregnant ewe and AVP responses to hyperosmolality are not altered in the pregnant ewe. 4. The heart rate responses to hypotension are also decreased in pregnant ewes, consistent with the observation that baroreflex responses are decreased in the pregnant rat. 5. The data suggest that a change in regulation of arterial pressure alters the hormonal responses to hypotension in the pregnant state.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Blood Pressure', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Nitroprusside', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Renin', 'Time Factors']
| 7,621,608
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study: examining developmental origins of allergy and asthma.
|
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort study recruited 3624 pregnant women, most partners and 3542 eligible offspring. We hypothesise that early life physical and psychosocial environments, immunological, physiological, nutritional, hormonal and metabolic influences interact with genetics influencing allergic diseases, including asthma. Environmental and biological sampling, innate and adaptive immune responses, gene expression, DNA methylation, gut microbiome and nutrition studies complement repeated environmental and clinical assessments to age 5. This rich data set, linking prenatal and postnatal environments, diverse biological samples and rigorous phenotyping, will inform early developmental pathways to allergy, asthma and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Canada', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Gene-Environment Interaction', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 26,069,286
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G05.695.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Silicon-based optical leaky wave antenna with narrow beam radiation.
|
We propose a design of a dielectric (silicon nitride) optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) with periodic semiconductor (silicon) corrugations, capable of producing narrow beam radiation. The optical antenna radiates a narrow beam because a leaky wave (LW) with low attenuation constant is excited at one end of the corrugated dielectric waveguide. We show that pointing angle, beam-width, and operational frequency are all related to the LW complex wavenumber, whose value depends on the amount of silicon perturbations in the waveguide. In this paper, the propagation constant and the attenuation coefficient of the LW in the periodic structure are extracted from full-wave simulations. The far-field radiation patterns in both glass and air environments predicted by LW theory agree well with the ones obtained by full-wave simulations. We achieve a directive radiation pattern in glass environment with about 17.5 dB directivity and 1.05 degree beam-width at the operative free space wavelength of 1.55 ìm, pointing at a direction orthogonal to the waveguide (broadside direction). We also show that the use of semiconductor corrugations facilitate electronic tuning of the radiation pattern via carrier injection.
|
['Computer-Aided Design', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Light', 'Photometry', 'Silicon', 'Transducers']
| 21,643,126
|
[['L01.224.108.150', 'L01.296.110.150'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.196.712'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['E07.305.812']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute and chronic effects of adriamycin on fatty acid oxidation in isolated cardiac myocytes.
|
This study was designed to determine if acute (in vitro) or chronic (in vivo) adriamycin inhibits cardiac fatty acid oxidation and if so at what sites in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. In addition, the role of L-carnitine in reversing or preventing this effect was examined. We determined the effects of adriamycin in the presence or absence of L-carnitine on the oxidation of the metabolic substrates [1-14C]palmitate. [1(-14)C] octanoate. [1(-14)C]butyrate, [U-14C]glucose, and [2(-14)C]pyruvate in isolated cardiac myocytes. Acute exposure to adriamycin caused a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT 1) dependent long-chain fatty acid, palmitate, oxidation. Chronic exposure to (18 mg/kg) adriamycin inhibited palmitate oxidation 40% to a similar extent seen in vitro with 0.5 mM adriamycin. Acute or chronic administration of L-carnitine completely abolished the adriamycin-induced inhibition of palmitate oxidation. Interestingly, medium- and short-chain fatty acid oxidation, which are independent of CPT 1, were also inhibited acutely by adriamycin and could be reversed by L-carnitine. In isolated rat heart mitochondria, adriamycin significantly decreased oxidation of the CPT 1 dependent substrate palmitoyl-CoA by 50%. However, the oxidation of a non-CPT 1 dependent substrate palmitoylcarnitine was unaffected by adriamycin except at concentrations greater than 1 mM. These data suggest that after in vitro or in vivo administration, adriamycin, inhibits fatty acid oxidation in part secondary to inhibition of CPT 1 and/or depletion of its substrate, L-carnitine, in cardiac tissue. However, these findings also suggest that L-carnitine plays an additional role in fatty acid oxidation independent of CPT 1 or fatty acid chain length.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Caprylates', 'Carnitine', 'Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Doxorubicin', 'Fatty Acids', 'Glucose', 'Heart', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocardium', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Palmitic Acid', 'Pyruvic Acid', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 9,140,835
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['D02.092.877.883.099'], ['D08.811.913.050.350.200'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D10.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A07.541'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D10.251.694.750'], ['D02.241.755.812.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of training and albuterol on pain and fatigue in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
|
BACKGROUND: We recently reported a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of strength training and the beta2-adrenergic agonist albuterol in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Strength training and albuterol appeared safe interventions with limited positive effect on muscle strength and volume. We concurrently explored the prevalence and the characteristics of pain and fatigue in the participating FSHD patients, because these are probably underreported but clinically relevant symptoms in this disorder. Next, we studied the effects of albuterol and strength training on pain, experienced fatigue, health-related functional status and psychological distress.METHODS: Sixty-five patients were randomised to strength training of elbow flexors and ankle dorsiflexors or non-training. After 26 weeks, albuterol (sustained-release, 8 mg bid) was added in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Outcomes comprised self-reported pain, experienced fatigue, functional status and psychological distress obtained with validated questionnaires at 52 weeks.RESULTS: Eighty percent of patients reported chronic persistent or periodic, multifocal pains. Thirty-four percent of the participants were severely fatigued. Strength training and albuterol failed to have a significant effect on all outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Pain and fatigue are important features in FSHD. Strength training and albuterol do not have a positive or negative effect on pain, experienced fatigue, functional status and psychological distress.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Adult', 'Albuterol', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Strength', 'Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Physical Fitness', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors']
| 17,361,345
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.033.100.291.057', 'D02.092.063.291.057', 'D02.092.471.683.061'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['C05.651.534.500.400', 'C10.668.491.175.500.400', 'C16.320.577.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.730', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.730', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.730'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Potential Moderating Effects of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Symptom Severity on Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes.
|
INTRODUCTION: Given FDA's authority to implement a cigarette nicotine reduction policy, possible outcomes of this regulation must be examined, especially among those who may be most affected, such as those with comorbid psychiatric disorders.METHODS: In this secondary analysis of a multisite, randomized, clinical laboratory study, we used analyses of variance to examine the effects of nicotine dose (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, and 15.8 mg/g of tobacco), depressive and anxiety diagnoses (depression only, anxiety only, both, or neither), and depressive and anxiety symptom severity on cigarette choice, smoke exposure, craving, and withdrawal across three vulnerable populations: socioeconomically disadvantaged women of reproductive age, opioid-dependent individuals, and those with affective disorders (n = 169).RESULTS: Diagnosis and symptom severity largely had no effects on smoking choice, total puff volume, or CO boost. Significant main effects on craving and withdrawal were observed, with higher scores in those with both anxiety and depression diagnoses compared with depression alone or no diagnosis, and in those with more severe depressive symptoms (p's < .001). These factors did not interact with nicotine dose. Cigarettes with <15.8 mg/g nicotine were less reinforcing, decreased total puff volume, and produced significant but lower magnitude and shorter duration reductions in craving and withdrawal than higher doses (p's < .01).CONCLUSIONS: Reducing nicotine dose reduced measures of cigarette addiction potential, with little evidence of moderation by either psychiatric diagnosis or symptom severity, providing evidence that those with comorbid psychiatric disorders would respond to a nicotine reduction policy similarly to other smokers.IMPLICATIONS: Thus far, controlled studies in healthy populations of smokers have demonstrated that use of very low nicotine content cigarettes reduces cigarette use and dependence without resulting in compensatory smoking. These analyses extend those findings to a vulnerable population of interest, those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Cigarettes with very low nicotine content were less reinforcing, decreased total puff volume, and produced significant but lower magnitude and shorter duration reductions in craving and withdrawal than higher doses. These nicotine dose effects did not interact with psychiatric diagnosis or mood symptom severity suggesting that smokers in this vulnerable population would respond to a nicotine reduction strategy similarly to other smokers.
|
['Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Humans', 'Nicotine', 'Smokers', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Tobacco Products']
| 31,867,653
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['M01.808'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['J01.637.767.844']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hyperhomocysteinaemia: risk of retinal vascular occlusion.
|
To investigate the possible relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and retinal vascular occlusion, we measured plasma homocysteine levels in 25 patients with a history of retinal vascular occlusion in the previous 2 years and in a control group of 24. The difference in mean plasma homocysteine levels was not statistically significant. All except 5 of the cases had hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidaemia. Most of the patients had branch retinal vein occlusion associated with recent onset of occlusion. Factors such as emotional status and associated systemic disease may play a role in predisposition of retinal vascular occlusion, so more-precise studies are needed to determine the possible risk factors of hyperhomocysteinaemia in retinal vascular occlusion.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Female', 'Homocysteine', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Hypertension', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Risk Factors', 'Sample Size', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 16,335,656
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C19.246.099'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.100.480', 'C18.452.603.378', 'C18.452.648.100.480', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.418'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Response compatibility and the relationship between event-related potentials and the timing of a motor response.
|
1. Earlier studies have shown that changes in the difficulty of sensory discrimination in a choice reaction time task result in a prolongation of the peak latency for several components of the long-latency event-related potential (ERP). With the use of the technique of response-locked averaging, we have previously shown that manipulation of the difficulty of sensory discrimination also affects response execution as assessed by the interval between the ERP and onset of the response. In the present paper we examine the hypothesis that changing the compatibility of the responses may also affect the difficulty of the discrimination, as well as the execution of the response, as assessed by the interval between stimulus onset and the ERP. Such an effect of response compatibility would provide further evidence for the close integration of motor and sensory processes in the performance of choice reaction time tasks. 2. We continuously recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) from the scalp and the electromyogram (EMG) from the responding muscles in both compatible and noncompatible visual choice reaction time tasks. In the compatible task subjects responded to a lateralized visual stimulus with the hand ipsilateral to the stimulus, whereas in the noncompatible task they responded with the contralateral hand. EEG and EMG responses were analyzed and averaged off-line, aligning the waveforms by either stimulus onset (stimulus-synchronized averages) or response onset (response-synchronized averages), and averaged separately for both correct and incorrect response outcomes. 3. Response times were significantly faster for frequent stimuli than rare stimuli and were significantly faster to rare stimuli in the compatible than the noncompatible condition. In responses to the frequent stimuli (where both hands were required to respond), the right hand was slightly but consistently faster than the left hand. The right hand also accounted for 83% of the errors made. 4. Stimulus-synchronized and response-synchronized ERPs to either frequent or rare stimuli had a similar appearance for correct responses in both the compatible and noncompatible conditions. The coupling of the response to the ERP for the rare stimuli, however, was different for the two conditions: the response occurred later relative to the ERP components in the response-synchronized average in the noncompatible condition compared with the compatible condition. By contrast, the coupling of the ERPs to the onset of the stimulus was the same in the two conditions. 5. Stimulus-synchronized averages for error responses in which the rare tone was mistaken for a frequent tone showed early sensory processing (as judged by the ERPs) that was similar to that of correct responses to the rare stimuli. After the apparent positive (P2) component of the cerebral response, however, the processing differed, with a superimposed broad negativity possibly reflecting awareness by the subject that a mistake had been made. By contrast, the response-synchronized averages for these error trials appeared like those to frequent stimuli, with the response being coupled to the P2 component of the cerebral response. 6. These results suggest that response compatibility affects response selection processes but does not alter sensory discrimination. However, despite the similarly tight coupling of the response to the ERP in both the compatible and noncompatible conditions, the response occurred later relative to the ERPs in the noncompatible condition. This suggests that different components of the ERP are responsible for triggering the response in different circumstances. Our observations on the error trials suggests that the decision to respond (on these trials) is based on the occurrence of cerebral events that are evoked by either rare or frequent stimuli, whereas this decision (on correct response trials) is based on cerebral events elicited only by the rare stimuli.
|
['Adult', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Electroencephalography', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values']
| 8,985,868
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Antagonists of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors impair the NiCl2-mediated stimulation of the electroretinogram b-wave amplitude from the isolated superfused vertebrate retina.
|
PURPOSE: NiCl(2) (15 microM) stimulates the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave amplitude of vertebrate retina up to 1.5-fold through its blocking of E/R-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Assuming that such an increase is mediated by blocking the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via ionotropic GABA receptors, we tested the effect of both GABA itself and GABA-receptor antagonists such as (-)bicuculline (1.51-fold increase) and (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (TPMPA; 1.46-fold increase) on the b-wave amplitude.METHODS: Recording of the transretinal potentials from the isolated bovine retina.RESULTS: GABA (100 microM) reduced the b-wave amplitude only when NiCl(2) (15 microM) was applied first. Each antagonist applied on its own stimulated the b-wave amplitude only partially: subsequent NiCl(2) superfusion caused a small but additional increase, leading to a 1.69- and a 1.88-fold total increase of the amplitude by Ni(2+) plus (-)bicuculline or Ni(2+) plus TPMPA, respectively. Only the application of both antagonists in combination, before superfusing low NiCl(2) (15 microM), completely prevented subsequent stimulation by NiCl(2) with a similar 1.90-fold total increase of b-wave amplitude. Those retina segments that did not respond to NiCl(2) could not be stimulated by (-)bicuculline and vice versa.CONCLUSION: The stimulatory effect of NiCl(2) on the ERG b-wave amplitude is mainly, but not only, mediated by a NiCl(2)-sensitive, Ca(v)2.3-triggered GABA release acting through ionotropic GABA-A and GABA-C receptors.
|
['Animals', 'Bicuculline', 'Calcium Channels', 'Calcium Channels, R-Type', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Cattle', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Combinations', 'Electroretinography', 'GABA Antagonists', 'Glycine Agents', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nickel', 'Night Vision', 'Phosphinic Acids', 'Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate', 'Pyridines', 'Receptors, Glycine', 'Retina', 'Signal Transduction', 'Strychnine', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 20,002,018
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.077', 'D03.633.100.531.085.077'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.585.867', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.585.867', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.585.867'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D26.310'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.300', 'D27.505.696.577.300'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['F02.830.816.964.249', 'G11.561.790.964.249', 'G14.935.249'], ['D01.029.260.700.600', 'D01.695.625.600', 'D02.705.629'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670', 'A08.800.950.937.670', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.781', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.200', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.781', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.200', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.781', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.200', 'D12.776.543.750.130.625', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.470'], ['A09.371.729'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D03.132.436.681.722', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.722', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.722'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clonal proliferation and cytokine requirement of murine progenitors for natural killer cells.
|
We have established a clonal cell culture system that supports the proliferation of committed natural killer (NK) cell progenitors of mice to investigate the pathway and cytokine regulation of NK cell development. Day 14 fetal thymocytes cultured in methylcellulose with interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-15, and steel factor (SF) formed diffuse colonies that could not be classified to known colony types. Single-cell origin of the colonies was established by micromanipulation of the colony-forming cells. Cells in the colonies are very blastic, showing no cytoplasmic differentiation, and express Ly5, Thy-1, and CD25 but not myeloid, B, mature T, or NK cell markers. The cells lack T, B, and myeloid potentials but can differentiate to mature NK cells in fetal thymus organ culture, suggesting that the colonies consist of NK committed progenitors. Examination of the minimal cytokine requirement for the NK colony formation showed that IL-7 and SF are indispensable for the formation of immature NK cell colonies. Both IL-2 and IL-15 increased the frequency of colonies. In contrast to IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15, IL-4 strongly inhibited the formation of the colonies. This quantitative clonal culture will provide a useful means to examine the mechanism of NK cell development.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Division', 'Clone Cells', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Mice']
| 9,166,839
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.353'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Malakoplakia of the ureter and bladder.
|
Malakoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous inflammatory disease that most often involves the urinary tract. Typically, there is an associated urinary tract infection (UTI) by coliform organisms. Histologically, the Michaelis-Gutmann bodies are the hallmark of this disease. Radiographically, malakoplakia may simulate other inflammatory processes or even neoplasm as demonstrated in these two cases.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Malacoplakia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Ureteral Diseases', 'Urinary Bladder Diseases']
| 2,281,580
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C12.777.725', 'C13.351.968.725'], ['C12.777.829', 'C13.351.968.829']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin in experimental endogenous gram-negative peritonitis.
|
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and somatostatin were measured during endogenous gram-negative peritonitis and septicaemia in rats. Both peptides were found to increase in blood, but not in peritoneal fluid. The VIP values coincided with the levels of endotoxin and bacterial counts. However, if the development of profound shock was prevented by intravenous fluid supply, scarcely any changes in plasma VIP or somatostatin were found. Somatostatin is known to inhibit VIP. Our findings suggested breakdown of this regulatory inhibition in lethal gram-negative sepsis. They also supported the concept that specific release of the peptides takes place, not merely passive diffusion from injured cells.
|
['Animals', 'Endotoxins', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Peritoneum', 'Peritonitis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sepsis', 'Somatostatin', 'Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide']
| 2,869,631
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['B03.440'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['D06.472.317.950', 'D06.472.699.952', 'D12.644.400.875', 'D12.644.548.952', 'D12.776.631.650.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Emotional intelligence competencies provide a developmental curriculum for medical training.
|
Since healthcare faces challenges of access, quality, and cost, effective leadership for healthcare is needed. This need is especially acute among physicians, whose demanding training focuses on scientific and clinical skills, eclipsing attention to leadership development. Among the competencies needed by leaders, emotional intelligence (EI) - defined as the ability to understand and manage oneself and to understand others and manage relationships - has been shown to differentiate between great and average leaders. In this context, teaching EI as part of the medical training curriculum is recommended. Furthermore, because physicians' developmental needs evolve over the course of prolonged training, specific components of EI (e.g., teambuilding, empathy, and negotiation) should be taught at various phases of medical training. Consistent with the concept of a spiral curriculum, such EI competencies should be revisited iteratively throughout training, with differing emphasis and increasing sophistication to meet evolving needs. For example, teamwork training is needed early in undergraduate medical curricula to prompt collaborative learning. Teamwork training is also needed during residency, when physicians participate with differing roles on patient care teams. Training in EI should also extend beyond graduate medical training to confer the skills needed by clinicians and by faculty in academic medical centers.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Emotional Intelligence', 'Humans', 'Leadership', 'Students, Medical', 'United States']
| 23,360,483
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['F01.752.543.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Applicability of MIKE 21 to assess temporal and spatial variation in water quality of an estuary under the impact of effluent from an industrial estate.
|
This study aims at analysing the impact of wastewater load of industrial units in Haldia on the water quality of the Hoogly estuary using numerical modelling techniques. Modelling was never attempted in this region because it was generally felt that simulating such a complex system would not be easy with limited data availability but MIKE 21, a hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate BOD and DO profiles in the study area and simulation provided reasonably good predictions. A scenario assessment was also carried by increasing the flows from various sources to understand the site-specific relationships between pollution sources and water quality conditions and also to calculate the assimilative capacity of Hoogly with respect to waste discharged from the industrial units at Haldia. The results suggested that water quality of the canal towards closed Oil Jetty was highly deteriorated due to stagnant pond condition and discharges from a refinery. But large part of the canal was found to be well drained under tidal influence as a consequence of which both DO and BOD conform to the prescribed water quality standards most of the times. The impact of industrial waste load on the Hoogly was found to be negligible and the radius of influence was limited to about 200-300 m across the estuary and about 1.6 km along the shore during ebb conditions. Assimilative capacity of the region was estimated to be 837 kg/d as against the present load of 121 kg/d. The study suggested that the estuary had good dilution capacity and intense tidal mixing helped in rapidly diluting the pollutants.
|
['Environmental Monitoring', 'India', 'Industrial Waste', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 21,902,033
|
[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D20.944.420', 'N06.850.460.710.420'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Vascular associated gene variants in patients with preeclampsia: results from the Danish National Birth Cohort.
|
OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia has been linked to subsequent vascular disease with many shared predisposing factors. We investigated the association between severe preeclampsia, and its subtypes, and specific vascular-related polymorphisms.DESIGN: The study was a retrospective nested case-cohort design.SETTING: Pregnant Danish women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Population. 263 cases of severe preeclampsia and 1851 random controls were selected from the Danish National Birth Cohort.METHODS: We validated all cases of severe preeclampsia and genotyped for 108 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were selected based on previous publications on the association with vascular disease. Logistic models were used for statistical analyses.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal polymorphisms in genomic models.RESULTS: We found 17 of 108 SNPs associated with severe preeclampsia (p < 0.05). Women homozygous for the rs1799983 in NOS3 were 1.6-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.4] more likely to develop severe preeclampsia. Women homozygous for the rs1010 SNP in VAMP8 were twofold (95%CI 1.1-3.5) more likely to deliver preterm when preeclampsia was present. Women homozygous for the rs10811661 SNP were 2.1-fold (95%CI 1.1-3.9) more likely to develop severe preeclampsia and 3.7-fold (95%CI 1.1-12.4) more likely to deliver a small-for-gestational age child when preeclampsia was present. All associations are available as Supporting Information.CONCLUSION: We found several vascular-associated SNPs linked to severe preeclampsia; however, most of these associations are probably by pure chance, which warrants replication and further translational research. To date, no specific SNP has yet proven valuable in a clinical setting in predicting preeclampsia.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Birth Weight', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Odds Ratio', 'Parity', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 22,676,277
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.560'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
MR imaging of meniscal tears: narrow versus conventional window width photography.
|
Narrow window width photography of magnetic resonance (MR) images of knee menisci is promoted as a useful tool in the detection of meniscal tears. To assess the diagnostic efficacy of this method, conventional and narrow window width MR images of 48 patients (96 menisci, 37 tears) were interpreted by two experienced observers. Images were graded on a five-point scale to enable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The ROC curves constructed from the conventional window width interpretations were similar to those of the narrow window width interpretations for both observers. It was not possible to prove that the areas under the two curves were significantly different. This suggests that there is no globally significant improvement in the detection of meniscal tears when narrow window width images are used for interpretation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Injuries', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Menisci, Tibial', 'Middle Aged', 'ROC Curve', 'Tibial Meniscus Injuries']
| 8,497,639
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558.554'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.165.308.538.500', 'A02.835.583.475.590', 'A10.165.382.350.163.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['C26.558.781']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unexpectedly high prevalence of sarcoidosis in a representative U.S. Metropolitan population.
|
The prevalence of sarcoidosis in the United States is unknown, with estimates ranging widely from 1 to 40 per 100,000. We sought to determine the prevalence of sarcoidosis in our health system compared to other rare lung diseases and to further establish if the prevalence was changing over time. We interrogated the electronic medical records of all patients treated in our health system from 1995 to 2010 (1.48 million patients) using the common ICD9 codes for sarcoidosis (135), lung cancer (162), and several other lung diseases characterized, like sarcoidosis, as "rare lung diseases". The patient demographic information (race, gender, age) was further analyzed to identify signature data patterns. The prevalence of sarcoidosis in our health system increased steadily from 164/100,000 in 1995 to 330/100,000 in 2010, and this trend could not be ascribed simply to changes in patient demographics or patient referral patterns. We further estimate that the prevalence of sarcoidosis exceeds 48 per 100,000 in Franklin County, Ohio, the demographic profile of which is nearly identical to that of the U.S. Sarcoidosis prevalence increased over time relative to lung cancer, a benchmark disease with stable disease prevalence, and exceeded that of other rare lung diseases. We postulate that the observed 2-fold increase in sarcoidosis disease prevalence in our health system is primarily related to improved detection and diagnostic approaches, and we conclude that the actual prevalence of sarcoidosis in central Ohio greatly exceeds current U.S. estimates.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Age Distribution', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ohio', 'Prevalence', 'Rare Diseases', 'Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary', 'Sex Distribution', 'United States']
| 22,417,737
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['C08.381.483.725', 'C15.604.515.827.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Particulate and soluble adenylyl cyclases participate in the sperm acrosome reaction.
|
cAMP is important in sea urchin sperm signaling, yet the molecular nature of the adenylyl cyclases (ACs) involved remained unknown. These cells were recently shown to contain an ortholog of the mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Here, we show that sAC is present in the sperm head and as in mammals is stimulated by bicarbonate. The acrosome reaction (AR), a process essential for fertilization, is influenced by the bicarbonate concentration in seawater. By using functional assays and immunofluorescence techniques we document that sea urchin sperm also express orthologs of multiple isoforms of transmembrane ACs (tmACs). Our findings employing selective inhibitors for each class of AC indicate that both sAC and tmACs participate in the sperm acrosome reaction.
|
['Acrosome', 'Acrosome Reaction', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Bicarbonates', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Sea Urchins', 'Solubility']
| 17,524,362
|
[['A05.360.490.890.820.100', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550.040', 'A11.497.760.400.100'], ['G08.686.784.277.800.100'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.500.408.578'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Translocation of fluorescent ether phospholipid, but not its diacyl counterpart, after insertion in plasma membranes of control and plasmalogen-deficient fibroblasts.
|
Fluorescently labelled ether phospholipid (1-O-alkyl/alkenyl-2-acyl- glycerophosphocholine) readily internalizes at low temperatures (2 degrees C) after insertion into the plasma membrane of cultured fibroblasts. This fate differs markedly from that of its diacyl phospholipid analogue, which remains associated with the plasma membrane under similar conditions. Analysis by thin-layer chromatography reveals that the translocation involves transfer of the intact ether phosphatidylcholine molecules. Relative to control cells, a 2-fold increase of ether phosphatidylcholine uptake was noted when plasmalogen deficient fibroblasts were used. Back-exchange experiments demonstrate that more than 60% of the cell-associated ether lipid is translocated within the cells, irrespective of the cell strain that was used. The potential mechanism by which the translocation process is accomplished is discussed.
|
['Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrodysplasia Punctata', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phospholipid Ethers', 'Plasmalogens', 'Temperature']
| 8,452,863
|
[['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['C05.116.099.708.195'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D02.033.800.875.875.750', 'D02.355.460.750', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.820'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Therapeutic effects of a synthetic peptide of C-reactive protein in pre-clinical tumor models.
|
Previous studies have shown that multilamellar vesicles (MLV) or other carriers containing purified human C-reactive protein (CRP) have therapeutic activity in preclinical tumor models. Here we evaluated the therapeutic effects of MLV containing novel synthetic peptides, derived from the structure of CRP, on the extent of (a) established lung metastases of fibrosarcoma T241 in C57Bl/6 mice, (b) survival of C57Bl/6 mice bearing established liver metastases of colon carcinoma MCA-38, and (c) primary tumor growth of Renca renal carcinoma in Balb/c mice. In all cases, a single synthetic CRP peptide, RS-83277, demonstrated significant antitumor effects comparable to that seen with intact CRP. Two other synthetic CRP peptides, RS-83287 and RS-83147, showed no therapeutic activity and were comparable to control MLV containing only buffer. None of the peptides contained sequences homologous with that of the phagocyte stimulant, tuftsin. Activity of MLV-encapsulated RS-83277 was dose-dependent, and a comparable dose of the soluble peptide, given either alone or following injection of buffer-MLV, was ineffective. These results demonstrate immunotherapeutic potential for a novel synthetic peptide derived from CRP, and endogenous acute-phase protein.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Carriers', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid']
| 8,439,977
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized, double-blinded trial of preemptive analgesia in laparoscopy.
|
OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that local anesthetic administered before skin incision, an example of preemptive analgesia, reduces postoperative pain for women undergoing laparoscopy, as compared with postincisional local anesthetic or placebo.METHODS: Patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy were randomized to one of three blinded treatment groups. Treatment group A patients received local infiltration of 0.5% bupivacaine at the surgical site before incision and a saline placebo infiltration before incision closure. Treatment group B received the saline placebo before skin incision and bupivacaine after laparoscopy but before closure of the skin incisions. For treatment group C patients, saline was infiltrated as a placebo before and after laparoscopy. All patients underwent a standardized general anesthetic induction and maintenance. Postoperative pain was evaluated using the modified McGill Present Pain Intensity scale. Pain and supplementary analgesic use was compared among the three treatment groups.RESULTS: A total of 57 patients completed the study for analysis. Age, weight, height, race, indication, and operating time did not vary significantly between the three groups. By 24 hours after surgery, patients in treatment group A reported significantly lower pain scores (McGill Present Pain Intensity Scale: 0.5+/-0.9) than either treatment group B (1.6+/-1.3) or C (1.3+/-1.2). Group A patients also could tolerate a significantly longer time delay to their first analgesic medication than patients who received postincisional bupivacaine or than control patients who received no bupivacaine.CONCLUSION: The preemptive administration of bupivacaine before laparoscopy results in decreased postoperative pain and should allow a more rapid return to normal activities. The popular practice of infiltrating bupivacaine at time of incision closure does not offer any benefit in the control of pain after laparoscopy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analgesia', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Bupivacaine', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Postoperative Care', 'Preoperative Care']
| 9,840,560
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E03.091'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['D02.065.199.239', 'D02.092.146.113.239'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Preclinical abortions: incidence and significance in the Norfolk in vitro fertilization program.
|
Clinical and prognostic significance of preclinical abortions in assisted reproduction is ill defined. Strict diagnostic criteria include a transient and synchronous elevation of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol, and progesterone levels 13 days after hCG administration, ending in a bleeding episode no more than 14 days after the missed period. The preclinical abortion study group (54 patients, 178 cycles) was compared with matched control groups A (54 patients, 132 cycles) and B (54 patients, 155 cycles), representing normal term pregnancies and all outcomes, respectively. Control group C included the overall population during the study period. The abortion rate per transfer (preclinical abortion and total miscarriage rates) and total pregnancy wastage in the study group were significantly higher; the ongoing pregnancy rate was significantly lower. Preclinical abortion should be considered as a true reproductive failure with similar implications.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adult', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Menstrual Cycle', 'Norway', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Prognosis']
| 2,318,326
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.605'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Dichotic listening tests in studying brain-behavior relationships.
|
The magnitude of perceptual asymmetry (PA) on a CVC fused dichotic words test and on VCV and CV fused nonsense syllables tests were compared. In each test the set of distinguishing phonemic cues was the same; the six English stop consonants, b,p,d,t,g,k. Although test-retest reliability was very high on all three tests there was no correlation across individuals between the degrees of PA on different tests. Moreover, the magnitude of PA on the VCV nonsense test increased as field dependence (FD) increased on the field dependence index (FDI) of the WAIS while there was no relationship between FD and the magnitude of PA on the CVC words test. In addition, concurrent visual tasks increased PA on the VCV nonsense test and decreased it on the words test. In order to facilitate the use of such data, Kimura's classical model of the physiological basis of PA is modified by including components of primary receptive and secondary and tertiary associative function. Comparison of highly similar PA measures, that differ in specific ways, is discussed as a means of collecting data for mapping cerebral functional space and exploring brain-behavior relationships.
|
['Adult', 'Cues', 'Dichotic Listening Tests', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Female', 'Field Dependence-Independence', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Neurological', 'Phonetics', 'Psychoacoustics', 'Speech Perception', 'Wechsler Scales']
| 4,033,907
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['E01.370.382.375.200'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['F02.463.593.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.530', 'E01.370.685.628', 'F04.096.753.628'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['F04.711.141.493.822']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Atelectatic tympanic membrane: histologic study.
|
This study aims to elucidate the morphological difference between the noncollapsible physiologic tympanic membrane (TM) and the collapsible atelectatic TM. Histologic examination of atelectatic TMs obtained at surgery from 16 ears revealed inflammatory changes and destruction of the pars tensa collagenous "backbone." The disappearance of the organized collagenous layer seen in atelectatic TMs explains their conversion from the stiff physiologic membrane to a flexible one. This in turn will convert the middle ear from a noncollapsible gas pocket to a partially collapsible gas pocket, in which minimal pressure of only a few millimeters of water can cause retraction or ballooning of the atrophic TM. These pressure differences are too small to equilibrate automatically the difference created with the atmospheric pressure. Integrity of the pars tensa collagenous layer thus appears to be essential for the proper mechanical functioning of the physiologic TM.
|
['Ear Diseases', 'Humans', 'Tympanic Membrane']
| 8,373,096
|
[['C09.218'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.246.272.702']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults.
|
CONTEXT: A prominent hypothesis regarding social inequalities in mortality is that the elevated risk among the socioeconomically disadvantaged is largely due to the higher prevalence of health risk behaviors among those with lower levels of education and income.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degree to which 4 behavioral risk factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, sedentary lifestyle, and relative body weight) explain the observed association between socioeconomic characteristics and all-cause mortality.DESIGN: Longitudinal survey study investigating the impact of education, income, and health behaviors on the risk of dying within the next 7.5 years.PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative sample of 3617 adult women and men participating in the Americans' Changing Lives survey.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality verified through the National Death Index and death certificate reviews.RESULTS: Educational differences in mortality were explained in full by the strong association between education and income. Controlling for age, sex, race, urbanicity, and education, the hazard rate ratio of mortality was 3.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01-5.16) for those in the lowest-income group and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.49-3.67) for those in the middle-income group. When health risk behaviors were considered, the risk of dying was still significantly elevated for the lowest-income group (hazard rate ratio, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.74-4.42) and the middle-income group (hazard rate ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.38-3.25).CONCLUSION: Although reducing the prevalence of health risk behaviors in low-income populations is an important public health goal, socioeconomic differences in mortality are due to a wider array of factors and, therefore, would persist even with improved health behaviors among the disadvantaged.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Body Weight', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States']
| 9,624,022
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors.
|
A variety of analogues of caffeine and theophylline in which the 1-,3-, and 7-methyl substituents have been replaced with n-propyl, allyl, propargyl, and isobutyl and, in a few cases, with chloroethyl, hydroxyethyl, or benzyl were assessed for potency and selectivity as antagonists at A1- and A2-adenosine receptors in brain tissue. Caffeine and theophylline are nonselective for these receptors. Nearly all of the 22 analogues of caffeine are more potent than caffeine itself at adenosine receptors. Replacement of the 1-methyl moiety with n-propyl, allyl, or propargyl substituent has little effect on potency at the A1 receptor while enhancing potency about 7- to 10-fold at the A2 receptor. 3,7-Di-methyl-1-propylxanthine is only slightly (1.4-fold) more potent than caffeine at the A1 receptor while being 10-fold more potent at the A2 receptor. 1,3-Di-n-propyl-7-methylxanthine is also selective for the A2 receptor, being 8-fold more potent than caffeine at the A1 receptor and 40-fold more potent at the A2 receptor. A number of other caffeine analogues including 3,7-dimethyl-1-n-propylxanthine, 7-allyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine, and 1,3-dimethyl-7-propargylxanthine are also somewhat selective for the A2 receptor. The most potent caffeine analogue was 1,3-di-n-propyl-7-propargylxanthine, which was about 100-fold more potent than caffeine at both A1 and A2 receptors. The 10 theophylline analogues were relatively nonselective except for the 1-ethyl analogue and the 1,3-diallyl analogue, which were selective for the A2 receptor, and the 1,3-di-n-propyl, 1,3-diisobutyl, and 1,3-dibenzyl analogues, which were somewhat selective for the A1 receptor. 1,3-Di-n-propylxanthine was 20-fold more potent than theophylline at the A1 receptor and 5-fold more potent at the A2 receptor.
|
['Animals', 'Caffeine', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Purinergic', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Theophylline', 'Xanthines']
| 3,806,581
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['D03.132.960', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone on smoking and related behaviors in smokers preparing to quit: a randomized controlled trial.
|
AIMS: To determine if naltrexone affects smoking behaviors in smokers preparing to quit, and whether or not such pre-quit responses predict post-quit date outcomes.DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. The current study focused on smoking-related outcomes in the pre-quit phase, which was 1 week prior to the quit date, and these findings were linked with reductions in the same outcomes demonstrated in the post-quit phase published previously for this randomized controlled trial (RCT) in mediation analyses.SETTING: Community sample of adult smokers desiring to quit in Chicago, Illinois, USA.PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 315 smokers randomized to naltrexone (n = 161; mean age = 42.58 years; 60% Caucasian) or placebo (n = 154; mean age = 41.32 years; 55% Caucasian).MEASUREMENTS: The difference from baseline in the number of cigarettes smoked during the pre-quit phase interval was the primary outcome. Secondary pre-quit outcomes were assessed using Likert scales of subjective responses and consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and food. Number of cigarettes smoked, alcoholic drinks consumed and the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges were assessed in the post-quit phase.FINDINGS: Relative to placebo, naltrexone decreased the number of cigarettes smoked (-4.21 versus -2.93, P < 0.05), smoking urge (P = 0.02) and number of alcoholic drinks consumed (P = 0.04). Exploratory mediation analyses linking outcomes of the pre-quit and post-quit phases found that naltrexone's effects on reducing smoking urge, cigarettes smoked and alcoholic drinks consumed in the pre-quit phase demonstrated full mediation of their respective effects during the post-quit phase.CONCLUSIONS: Naltrexone taken in the week before a quit attempt reduces cigarette consumption, urges to smoke and alcohol consumption relative to placebo. The size of the effect mediates statistically the size of similar effects after the quit date.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Chicago', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Naltrexone', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,714,324
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350.200', 'Z01.433.305'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.706.550', 'D03.605.497.750.550', 'D03.633.400.686.750.550', 'D04.615.723.795.706.550'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adult case of an omphalomesenteric cyst resected by laparoscopic-assisted surgery.
|
This report describes an extremely rare adult case of an omphalomesenteric cyst resected by laparoscopic-assisted surgery. A 29-years-old Japanese man was referred and admitted to Kyushu University Hospital because of an abdominal mass and an elevated serum CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) level (21.3 ng/mL) in August 2001. Abdominal CT and US demonstrated a cystic mass with septum and calcification. Laparoscopy showed a large mass to be attached to his abdominal wall, measuring 110 mm x 70 mm x 50 mm and filled with mucus. The mass was resected by laparoscopic-assisted surgery. The histological findings of its wall showed fibromuscular tissue, adipose tissue, calcification, and an intestinal structure. It was finally diagnosed to be an omphalomesenteric cyst.
|
['Adult', 'Cysts', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Vitelline Duct']
| 16,521,206
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['A16.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Linguistic pattern analysis of misspellings of typically developing writers in grades 1-9.
|
PURPOSE: A mixed-methods approach, evaluating triple word-form theory, was used to describe linguistic patterns of misspellings.METHOD: Spelling errors were taken from narrative and expository writing samples provided by 888 typically developing students in Grades 1-9. Errors were coded by category (phonological, orthographic, and morphological) and specific linguistic feature affected. Grade-level effects were analyzed with trend analysis. Qualitative analyses determined frequent error types and how use of specific linguistic features varied across grades.RESULTS: Phonological, orthographic, and morphological errors were noted across all grades, but orthographic errors predominated. Linear trends revealed developmental shifts in error proportions for the orthographic and morphological categories between Grades 4 and 5. Similar error types were noted across age groups, but the nature of linguistic feature error changed with age.CONCLUSIONS: Triple word-form theory was supported. By Grade 1, orthographic errors predominated, and phonological and morphological error patterns were evident. Morphological errors increased in relative frequency in older students, probably due to a combination of word-formation issues and vocabulary growth. These patterns suggest that normal spelling development reflects nonlinear growth and that it takes a long time to develop a robust orthographic lexicon that coordinates phonology, orthography, and morphology and supports word-specific, conventional spelling.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Development', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Educational Measurement', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linguistics', 'Male', 'Phonetics', 'Reading', 'Semantics', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Verbal Learning', 'Vocabulary', 'Writing']
| 22,473,834
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.525.049', 'G07.345.374.500'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['I02.399'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F01.145.209.908'], ['F02.463.425.952'], ['L01.559.598.901'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spouse health status, depressed affect, and resilience in mid and late life: a longitudinal study.
|
This study used longitudinal data to examine the effects of spousal illness on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older married individuals and the extent to which the adverse effects of illness in a spouse were mitigated by 2 psychological resources, mastery and self-esteem. Using 1,704 married participants who were 51 years of age on average, depressive symptoms were compared in 4 groups varying in their experience of spousal health transitions: those whose spouse remained ill at T1 and T2, those whose spouse declined in health from T1 to T2, those whose spouse's health improved from T1 to T2, and those whose spouse remained healthy at both time points. Mixed analyses of covariance showed that, as hypothesized, having a spouse who became or remained ill over time was linked to greater depressed affect by T2, whereas having a spouse improve in health was associated with a decline in depressive symptomatology. Moderated regression analyses indicated that while higher mastery and self-esteem were linked to lower depressed affect in general, these resources were especially protective against depressed affect for those whose spouse remained ill at both time points. These findings are at the intersection of life course theory and the stress process model highlighting the contextual forces in and the interconnectedness of individual development as well as the plasticity and resilience evident in adaptation to stress during mid and late life.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Human Development', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Middle Aged', 'Regression Analysis', 'Resilience, Psychological', 'Self Concept', 'Spouses', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 24,364,828
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['F01.525', 'G07.345.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F02.940'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.829.263.500.660', 'I01.880.853.150.500.670', 'M01.816'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis and antifungal activity of derivatives of 2- and 3-benzofurancarboxylic acids.
|
We found that amiodarone has potent antifungal activity against a broad range of fungi, potentially defining a new class of antimycotics. Investigations into its molecular mechanisms showed amiodarone mobilized intracellular Ca2+, which is thought to be an important antifungal characteristic of its fungicidal activity. Amiodarone is a synthetic drug based on the benzofuran ring system, which is contained in numerous compounds that are both synthetic and isolated from natural sources with antifungal activity. To define the structural components responsible for antifungal activity, we synthesized a series of benzofuran derivatives and tested them for the inhibition of growth of two pathogenic fungi, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus, to find new compounds with antifungal activity. We found several derivatives that inhibited fungal growth, two of which had significant antifungal activity. We were surprised to find that calcium fluxes in cells treated with these derivatives did not correlate directly with their antifungal effects; however, the derivatives did augment the amiodarone-elicited calcium flux into the cytoplasm. We conclude that antifungal activity of these new compounds includes changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration. Analyses of these benzofuran derivatives suggest that certain structural features are important for antifungal activity. Antifungal activity drastically increased on converting methyl 7-acetyl-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-benzofurancarboxylate (2b) into its dibromo derivative, methyl 7-acetyl-5-bromo-6-hydroxy-3-bromomethyl-2-benzofurancarboxylate (4).
|
['Aequorin', 'Amiodarone', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Benzofurans', 'Calcium', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Cytoplasm', 'Drug Design', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fungi', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'K562 Cells', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 22,892,340
|
[['D12.776.532.020'], ['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.381.081.295'], ['D03.633.100.127'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lack of efficacy of topical mycophenolic acid in psoriasis vulgaris.
|
Mycophenolic acid is effective for systemic treatment of psoriasis. However, there is no report about its topical use in this cutaneous disorder so far. We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled, within subject comparison of mycophenolic acid 1% incorporated in an ointment base and the corresponding vehicle alone (placebo) using the psoriasis plaque test in 7 patients with plaque-type psoriasis over a period of 3 weeks. Scoring of erythema and induration was performed 3 times weekly. After 3 weeks of occlusive treatment there was a reduction of the sum score for erythema and induration in the mycophenolic acid-treated sites of 23% and of 5.7% in the vehicle-treated sites, which was not statistically significant. No adverse advents were noted during the time of study. We conclude that mycophenolic acid is ineffective when applied topically in psoriasis even under occlusion.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Psoriasis']
| 10,775,867
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['C17.800.859.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of sex on the diagnostic efficacy of dobutamine stress echocardiography with early atropine administration in the detection of coronary artery disease.
|
INTRODUCTION: Considering a poorer diagnostic accuracy of exercise stress test in women, echocardiographic stress tests are often recommended for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in this patient group.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic value of a modified protocol of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography between men and women.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study including 250 patients with symptoms suggesting CAD. Coronary anatomy was examined in 248 subjects, and 1 female patient was excluded owing to coronary anomaly. We analyzed the results of dobutamine stress echocardiography with early atropine administration separately for patients with a history of myocardial infarction (109 women and 138 men; mean age, 62 ±9 years; group A) and patients without such history (72 women and 71 men; mean age, 62 ±9 years; group B). Atropine at a dose of up to 2 mg was administered after dobutamine infusion of 20 ìg/kg/min. Coronary luminal stenosis of 50% or more in diameter in the left main coronary artery and of 70% and more in the other arteries was considered significant.RESULTS: In group A, echocardiography had higher specificity and negative predictive value in women compared with men (84.5% vs. 64.4%, P = 0.001, and 92.3% vs. 64.4%, P <0.0001, respectively). The accuracy was 85.3% and 76.8% in women and men, respectively (P = 0.03). In group B, a higher specificity was observed in women compared with men (82.6% vs. 60%, P = 0.01), but the accuracy was similar between the sexes.CONCLUSIONS: Dobutamine stress echocardiography with early atropine administration offers a higher diagnostic value in women, especially with regard to specificity.
|
['Atropine', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Dobutamine', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Stress', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sex Factors']
| 24,556,795
|
[['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['D02.092.311.220', 'D02.092.471.683.410', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.228', 'E01.370.350.850.220.228', 'E01.370.370.380.220.228'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intense exercise stimulates albumin synthesis in the upright posture.
|
We tested the hypothesis that an elevation in albumin synthetic rate contributes to increased plasma albumin content during exercise-induced hypervolemia. Albumin synthetic rate was measured in seven healthy subjects at 1-5 and 21-22 h after 72 min of intense (85% peak oxygen consumption rate) intermittent exercise and after 5 h recovery in either upright (Up) or supine (Sup) postures. Deuterated phenylalanine (d(5)-Phe) was administrated by a primed-constant infusion method, and fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and absolute synthetic rate (ASR) of albumin were calculated from the enrichment of d(5)-Phe in plasma albumin, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FSR of albumin in Up increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 4.9 +/- 0.9%/day at control to 7.3 +/- 0.9%/day at 22 h of recovery. ASR of albumin increased from 87.9 +/- 17.0 to 141.1 +/- 16.6 mg albumin. kg body wt(-1). day(-1). In contrast, FSR and ASR of albumin were unchanged in Sup (3.9 +/- 0.4 to 4.0 +/- 1.4%/day and 74.2 +/- 8.9 to 85.3 +/- 23.9 mg albumin. kg body wt(-1). day(-1) at control and 22 h of recovery, respectively). Increased albumin synthesis after upright intense exercise contributes to the expansion of greater albumin content and its maintenance. We conclude that stimuli related to posture are critical in modulating the drive for albumin synthesis after intense exercise.
|
['Adult', 'Deuterium', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Phenylalanine', 'Plasma Volume', 'Posture', 'Serum Albumin', 'Supine Position']
| 10,642,360
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.268.406.500', 'D01.362.340.500', 'D01.496.289'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G03.680'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['G09.188.130.610', 'G09.330.380.092.610'], ['G11.427.695'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['G11.427.695.625']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in the content of the fibrillar collagens and the expression of their mRNAs in the menisci of the rabbit knee joint during development and ageing.
|
The menisci are first seen as triangular aggregations of cells in the 20-day rabbit fetus. At 25-days, a matrix that contains types I, III and V collagens has formed. These collagens are also found in the 1-week neonatal meniscus, but by 3 weeks, type II collagen is present in some regions. By 12 to 14 weeks, typically cartilaginous areas with large cells in lacunae are found and by 2 years, these occupy the central regions of the inner two-thirds of the meniscus. The surface layers of the meniscus contain predominantly type I collagen. From 12 to 14 weeks onwards, there is little overlap between the regions with types I or II collagens, that is, these are discrete regions of type I-containing fibrocartilage and type II-containing cartilage. Types III and V collagens are found throughout the menisci, particularly in the pericellular regions. All the cells in the fetal and early neonatal menisci express the mRNA for type I collagen. At 3 weeks postnatal, cells that express type I collagen mRNA are found throughout the meniscus, but type II collagen mRNA is expressed only in the regions of developing cartilage. At 12- to 14-weeks, only type II collagen mRNA is expressed, except at the periphery next to the ligament where a few cells still express type I collagen mRNA. Rabbit menisci, therefore, undergo profound changes in their content and arrangement of collagens during postnatal development.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Collagen', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Joint Capsule', 'Joints', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits']
| 8,762,058
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A02.835.583.443'], ['A02.835.583'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of glucagon or 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid on binding to mitochondria and phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase.
|
To study the binding to mitochondria and the phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8), isolated rat hepatocytes were fractionated by exposure to digitonin. After incubation of hepatocytes with the hypolipidemic agent 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid, which decreases the cellular CoA, the amount of bound ATP-citrate lyase was increased, but the content of acid-stable phosphate in the enzyme was diminished. Glucagon, in contrast, decreased the amount of bound enzyme but increased phosphorylation. This inverse relationship might indicate either that the bound ATP-citrate lyase is less readily phosphorylated or that the phosphorylated enzyme binds less readily to mitochondria.
|
['ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coenzyme A', 'Furans', 'Glucagon', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats']
| 7,066,484
|
[['D08.811.913.050.331'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.382', 'D08.211.211', 'D13.695.667.138.382', 'D13.695.827.068.382'], ['D03.383.312'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suicide substrates reveal properties of the homology-dependent steps during integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda.
|
BACKGROUND: A fundamental feature of bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination is the strict requirement for a region of sequence identity between recombining DNA duplexes. It has been difficult to understand how the recombination machinery identifies and responds to nonhomologies as subtle as a single base-pair substitution, because the reaction intermediates are transient and there are likely to be several different homology-dependent steps. In order to understand better how the recombination machinery compares parental sequences, we have used the recently developed 'suicide substances'--DNA containing 5'-bridging phosphorothioate linkages--to monitor the timing of homology-sensing relative to the strand cleavage reactions.RESULTS: The cleavage reactions for the two different strands of attB, the bacterial recombination locus for lambda integration, show very different degrees of dependence on homology with the partner locus, attP. Strand cleavage at the B binding site for Int recombinase is insensitive to homology. In contrast, cleavage at the B' binding site strongly depends on homology in the three base pairs adjacent to the B site. Strand cleavage at the B site is apparently required for the readout of this homology but, surprisingly, joining of the cleaved B site to a partner is not.CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that cleavage at the B site is insensitive to homology shows that effective synapsis between partners does not depend on sequence matching. Cleavage at the B' site provides the earliest positive signal for a homology-dependent switch in the lambda recombination machinery. Because this switch can occur in the absence of strand joining, the results argue against models that invoke strand ligation as the critical element of homology-sensing. Alternative mechanisms are presented that involve varieties of non-covalent strand swapping. A synthesis of the present results and other recent experiments highlights the importance of the disannealing of complementary strands and their reannealing to new partners, a process traditionally described as branch migration. The reversibility of branch migration and its bias away from mismatched combinations are proposed to be the major mechanisms of homology-sensing during lambda integration.
|
['Bacteriophage lambda', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA Nucleotidyltransferases', 'DNA, Viral', 'Integrases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Virus Integration']
| 8,574,589
|
[['B04.123.150.800.230', 'B04.123.205.230', 'B04.280.090.800.230'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D08.811.739.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.728'], ['G05.935', 'G06.920.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A zebrafish homologue of the Drosophila neurogenic gene Notch and its pattern of transcription during early embryogenesis.
|
We describe here the primary structure of a zebrafish homologue of the Drosophila neurogenic gene Notch and its pattern of mRNA accumulation during embryogenesis. The gene produces a 8.5 kb transcript encoding a putative transmembrane protein with a high degree of sequence similarity to members of the Notch family, comprising 36 EGF-like repeats, three lin-12/Notch repeats, six cdc10/SWI6 repeats, OPA repeats and a PEST sequence. Transcription of the zebrafish Notch gene is spatially and temporally regulated. A high density of transcripts, most probably of maternal origin, can already be detected in the 2-cell stage. During pregastrulation stages, RNA is present in all cells. However, following gastrulation, transcripts accumulate in specific regions of the embryo following a rapidly changing pattern. In some of these regions, cell divisions take place at the time of Notch expression, in others processes of cell differentiation. This holds true for various mesodermal derivatives, such as the prospective notochord, and for different neural primordia, such as the neural plate and the brain vesicles. This pattern of transcript accumulation suggests a role for the zebrafish Notch homologue in processes of regionalization and cell diversification.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Drosophila', 'Embryonic Development', 'Mesoderm', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nervous System', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Zebrafish']
| 8,297,791
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['A16.504.660'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemic dengue 4 in the Yucat?n, M?xico, 1984.
|
An outbreak of dengue 4 occurred in the Yucat?n, M?xico in 1984. During the course of the outbreak, 538 of 5486 reported cases of dengue-like illness were studied; 200 were confirmed as dengue serologically and/or virologically. Dengue 4 virus was isolated from 34 patients and dengue 1 from one. Severe haemorrhagic symptoms were observed in 9 laboratory confirmed patients, including four deaths. Thus, the outbreak in Yucat?n is the second dengue epidemic in the Americas after the Cuban epidemic in 1981 in which a number of patients suffered from haemorrhagic complications. It was notable that 5 of 9 hospitalized, severe cases were young adults and that only one met the WHO criteria of DHF, in contrast to primary pediatric nature of DHF in Southeast Asia. In this paper we describe clinical, serologic, and virologic studies conducted during the outbreak.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Dengue', 'Dengue Virus', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Distribution']
| 8,115,814
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C01.920.500.270', 'C01.925.081.270', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214', 'C01.925.782.417.214'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estimation of optimal feeding strategies for fed-batch bioprocesses.
|
A generic methodology for feeding strategy optimization is presented. This approach uses a genetic algorithm to search for optimal feeding profiles represented by means of artificial neural networks (ANN). Exemplified on a fed-batch hybridoma cell cultivation, the approach has proven to be able to cope with complex optimization tasks handling intricate constraints and objective functions. Furthermore, the performance of the method is compared with other previously reported standard techniques like: (1) optimal control theory, (2) first order conjugate gradient, (3) dynamical programming, (4) extended evolutionary strategies. The methodology presents no restrictions concerning the number or complexity of the state variables and therefore constitutes a remarkable alternative for process development and optimization.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bioreactors', 'Computer Simulation', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 15,928,931
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accuracy of digital panoramic images displayed on monitor, glossy paper, and film for assessment of mandibular third molars.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of 3 modalities of digital panoramic radiographs-monitor-displayed images and printed copies on glossy paper and on blue transparent film-for assessment of position and morphology of mandibular third molars.STUDY DESIGN: 164 third molars were recorded with one of 2 digital panoramic systems (Digora and Orthophos Plus) and assessed by 4 observers on 3 radiographic modalities: monitor display, glossy paper, and transparent film. The assessments were compared with surgeons' findings at the time of the operation ("gold standard").RESULTS: Overall, the observer variation was larger than the variation between methods. A detailed paired analysis revealed some differences between the modalities for some diagnostic categories, but these were few and inconsistent.CONCLUSION: Printed images from the Kodak 1200 ink-jet printer on glossy paper and blue transparent film may be as accurate as the original monitor-displayed digital panoramic images from the Digora and Orthophos Plus systems for assessment of position and morphology of mandibular third molars.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Computer Terminals', 'Data Display', 'Humans', 'Mandible', 'Matched-Pair Analysis', 'Molar, Third', 'Observer Variation', 'Paper', 'Printing', 'Radiography, Dental, Digital', 'Radiography, Panoramic', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tooth, Impacted']
| 15,316,548
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['L01.224.230.260.115.500'], ['F02.784.412.221', 'L01.296'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['E05.318.370.485', 'E05.318.740.475', 'N05.715.360.325.500', 'N05.715.360.750.500', 'N06.850.520.445.485', 'N06.850.520.830.475'], ['A14.549.167.860.525.500'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['J01.637.650'], ['L01.737.787'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.690', 'E01.370.350.700.700.690', 'E01.370.350.700.720.720', 'E06.342.764.716'], ['E01.370.350.700.720.750', 'E06.342.764.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C07.793.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Visualization of aortic valve leaflets using black blood MRI.
|
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of imaging various physiological parameters associated with the heart valves, it has generally been difficult to visualize the valve leaflets directly. The aortic valve was imaged in 120 patients referred for cardiac MRI to assess myocardial volumes or mass. The average patient age was 37 and ranged from 9 to 75 years. Heart rate ranged from 43 to 100 bpm. Imaging was performed on a 1.5 T scanner equipped with enhanced gradients and a cardiac phased-array coil. A double inversion recovery fast spin-echo sequence was used to acquire short-axis images of the aortic valve in a breath-hold (15 +/- 3 seconds). All three leaflets of the aortic valve were seen in 102 of 120 studies (85%). Two leaflets were detected in another 15 subjects. No leaflets were seen in three individuals. Seven cases of a bicuspid or thickened aortic valves were clearly distinguished from normal valves. The signal-to-noise ratio of aortic leaflets (14 +/- 5) was significantly higher than that of the residual blood signal in the aortic root (7 +/- 4, P < 0.001). MR images showed the aortic valve leaflets in a high fraction of people with suspected normal aortic valves and detected seven cases of abnormal aortic valves. The potential of MRI to study both the anatomic and functional consequences of valvular heart disease warrants further study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:771-777.
|
['Adult', 'Aortic Valve', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male']
| 10,548,787
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C14.280.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Weekly 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin: achieving lower toxicity with higher dose-intensity in adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer resection.
|
BACKGROUND: Current standard therapy following resection of high-risk colon cancer is intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with leucovorin (LV), but there is no consensus on the optimum regimen of these drugs: practice ranges from the high toxicity Mayo Clinic schedule to the very low toxicity weekly QUASAR schedule. We present data for a weekly schedule that aims to provide moderately dose-intense treatment with low toxicity.PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two patients were studied: 60% male; median age 65 years (36% over 70 years); 94% colorectal primary. Treatment was intravenous bolus (5 min) 5-FU 425 mg/m(2) plus D,L-LV 45 mg flat rate once weekly, for a planned 24 weeks. Data for toxicity, dose-reductions, delays and stoppages were collected.RESULTS: Overall, 20% of patients experienced any grade > or = 3 toxicity, most commonly diarrhoea (14% patients). Dose reductions were made in 35% of patients (although only 21% required 20% or more reduction); toxicity contributed to a decision to stop treatment before 24 weeks in 16% of patients. Median delivered dose intensity (DI) was 96% of planned (407 mg/m(2)/week) during treatment, and 91% of planned (385 mg/m(2)/week) over the full 24 week treatment plan. Female sex and age >70 years were significantly associated with higher rates of toxicity and dose adjustment, and lower delivered DI.CONCLUSIONS: Weekly treatment at these doses is convenient and well-tolerated for the large majority of patients, and achieves DI comparable with the 5 days a month QUASAR schedule and other more toxic standard regimens.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Leucovorin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,033,660
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800.350.450', 'D08.211.840.300.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Telemedicine support system in home care of patients with chronic respiratory failure: preliminary results].
|
We report the preliminary results of an advanced telemedicine system for the delivery of home care services. We have been trying out a system for a ternary telemedicine network for remote consultation in patients with chronic respiratory failure. The elements of this system are: the patients at home, the home doctor (and/or community hospital), and an institution with respiratory staff (Shinshu University), which were linked by ISDN lines. The system allows real-time visualization, at home, of the patients and their physiological data, which are transmitted simultaneously to both the community hospital and Shinshu University. Respiratory specialists can advise the home doctor on the treatment and follow-up evaluations of distant patients. We consider that the telemedicine network system has the potential to improve clinical outcomes and to provide home care services to patients with chronic health conditions.
|
['Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Computer Systems', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Hemodynamics', 'Home Care Services, Hospital-Based', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxygen Inhalation Therapy', 'Quality of Life', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Telemedicine']
| 12,772,595
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['L01.224.230'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['G09.330.380'], ['N02.421.143.524.403'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.880.690'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['G09.772.705'], ['C08.618.846'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mothers' experiences of the time after the diagnosis of an intrauterine death until the induction of the delivery: a qualitative Internet-based study.
|
AIM: This study aims to describe how mothers spend the period of time between being diagnosed with a dead baby in utero and the induction of the delivery.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected using a web questionnaire. Five hundred and fifteen women who had experienced a stillbirth after the 22nd week of gestation answered the open question: 'What did you do between the diagnosis of the child's death and the beginning of the delivery?' A qualitative content analysis method was used.RESULTS: The results show that some mothers received help to adapt to the situation, while for others, waiting for the induction meant further stress and additional psychological trauma in an already strained situation.CONCLUSION: There is no reason to wait with the induction unless the parents themselves express a wish to the contrary. Health care professionals, together with the parents, should try to determine the best time for the induction of the birth after the baby's death in utero. That time may vary, depending on the parents' preferences.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Mothers', 'Pregnancy', 'Qualitative Research', 'Social Support', 'Stillbirth', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 21,793,995
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['C13.703.223.650', 'C23.550.260.585.630', 'G08.686.784.769.496.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mdm2 is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.
|
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a central regulator of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. We report that Mdm2, an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in the control of cell growth and apoptosis, plays a key role in GRK2 degradation. Mdm2 and GRK2 association is enhanced by beta(2)-adrenergic receptor stimulation and beta-arrestin. Increased Mdm2 expression accelerates GRK2 proteolysis and promotes kinase ubiquitination at defined residues, whereas GRK2 turnover is markedly impaired in Mdm2-deficient cells. Moreover, we find that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by insulin-like growth factor-1 alters Mdm2-mediated GRK2 degradation, leading to enhanced GRK2 stability and increased kinase levels. These data put forward a novel mechanism for controlling GRK2 expression in physiological and pathological conditions.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Arrestins', 'Cell Line', 'G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Oncogene Protein v-akt', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'Signal Transduction', 'Ubiquitin', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases', 'beta-Arrestins']
| 17,006,543
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.024.098', 'D12.776.157.057.005', 'D12.776.306.090', 'D12.776.476.024.104', 'D12.776.543.090'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049.200', 'D12.644.360.293.249.200', 'D12.776.476.293.249.200'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.586', 'D12.776.624.664.520.750.788'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.562', 'D12.776.624.664.700.185', 'D12.776.660.764'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.947.500'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049', 'D12.644.360.293.249', 'D12.776.476.293.249'], ['D12.644.360.024.098.525', 'D12.776.157.057.005.525', 'D12.776.476.024.104.525', 'D12.776.543.090.525']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accessibility Videos.
|
It can be difficult to understand accessibility, if you do not have the personal experience. The Accessibility Centre ESKE produced short videos which demonstrate the meaning of accessibility in different situations. Videos will raise accessibility awareness of architects, other planners and professionals in the construction field and maintenance.
|
['Architectural Accessibility', 'Disabled Persons', 'Humans', 'Teaching', 'Video Recording']
| 27,534,282
|
[['J01.086.339.070'], ['M01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.903'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp.: evidence of a bottleneck (Demographic sweep) and transcontinental spread of diploid parasites.
|
Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic colitis and liver abscess in developing countries such as Mexico and India. Entamoeba dispar is morphologically identical but is not associated with disease. Here we determined the ploidy of E. histolytica and developed PCR-based methods for distinguishing field isolates of E. histolytica or E. dispar. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that E. histolytica trophozoites are diploid for five "single-copy" probes tested. Intergenic sequences between superoxide dismutase and actin 3 genes of clinical isolates of E. histolytica from the New and Old Worlds were identical, as were those of E. dispar. These results suggest a bottleneck or demographic sweep in entamoebae which infect humans. In contrast, E. histolytica and E. dispar genes encoding repeat antigens on the surface of trophozoites (Ser-rich protein) or encysting parasites (chitinase) were highly polymorphic. chitinase alleles suggested that the early axenized strains of E. histolytica, HM-1 from Mexico City, Mexico, and NIH-200 from Calcutta, India, are still present and that similar E. dispar parasites can be identified in both the New and Old Worlds. Ser-rich protein alleles, which suggested the presence of the HM-1 strain in Mexico City, included some E. histolytica genes that predicted Ser-rich proteins with very few repeats. These results, which suggest diversifying selection at chitinase and Ser-rich protein loci, demonstrate the usefulness of these alleles for distinguishing clinical isolates of E. histolytica and E. dispar.
|
['Actins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Chitinases', 'Demography', 'Diploidy', 'Entamoeba', 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'Entamoebiasis', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'India', 'Introns', 'Mexico', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Serine']
| 11,015,408
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.277.450.207'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['G05.700.264'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.335'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.335.330'], ['C01.610.752.049.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['E05.318.416', 'E05.393.522', 'H01.158.201.636.475.500', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.500', 'H01.181.122.650.475.550', 'H02.403.720.500.300', 'N06.850.520.470'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.125.154.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Photoionization assessment of C3-C5 alkadienes and alkenes in urban air.
|
Hydrocarbons from samples of traffic-polluted urban air were separated by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column and assessed simultaneously by photoionization detection (PID) and flame ionization detection (FID) after effluent splitting. The 10.2 eV photoionization detector selectively detects alkadienes and alkenes but not alkanes and alkynes in the C3-C5 region. The maximum PID/FID response ratio for alkadienes and alkenes is also obtained in this region. The analytical system as a whole is particularly favourable for the C3-C5 alkenes. Analytical data are given for propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, propene, butenes and pentenes.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Alkadienes', 'Alkenes', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Flame Ionization', 'Ions', 'Photochemistry']
| 1,613,058
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.146'], ['D02.455.326.271'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.181.349.390'], ['D01.248.497'], ['H01.181.529.711']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Handedness in a virtual haptic environment: assessments from kinematic behavior and modeling.
|
This study evaluated hand asymmetries in performance of a dexterous, controlled task under haptic feedback. Participants punctured a virtual membrane with a pushing or pulling movement, using the left or right hand. For pulling movements, the dominant (right) hand exhibited faster average stopping latency and shorter skidding distance. When the kinematic data were fit to a three-phase model previously applied to this task (Klatzky et al., 2013), the right hand exhibited faster force decay attributable to biomechanical factors. Analyses of the aggregated performance measures and model parameters showed that the left and right hands are associated with two different distributions, supporting handedness effects. Furthermore, while the majority of participants expressed right-hand dominance, which was consistent with their self-reported hand preferences, others showed partial or no dominance. This approach could potentially be extended to quantify and differentiate individuals with difficulties in manual behavior due to abnormal motor control (e.g., dyspraxia), progressive deterioration (e.g., Parkinson's syndrome) or improvement (neural regrowth after transplant).
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Environment', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 25,553,342
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G07.410.732'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reconstitution of the mia40-erv1 oxidative folding pathway for the small tim proteins.
|
Mia40 and Erv1 execute a disulfide relay to import the small Tim proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Here, we have reconstituted the oxidative folding pathway in vitro with Tim13 as a substrate and determined the midpoint potentials of Mia40 and Tim13. Specifically, Mia40 served as a direct oxidant of Tim13, and Erv1 was required to reoxidize Mia40. During oxidation, four electrons were transferred from Tim13 with the insertion of two disulfide bonds in succession. The extent of Tim13 oxidation was directly dependent on Mia40 concentration and independent of Erv1 concentration. Characterization of the midpoint potentials showed that electrons flowed from Tim13 with a more negative midpoint potential of -310 mV via Mia40 with an intermediate midpoint potential of -290 mV to the C130-C133 pair of Erv1 with a positive midpoint potential of -150 mV. Intermediary complexes between Tim13-Mia40 and Mia40-Erv1 were trapped. Last, mutating C133 of the catalytic C130-C133 pair or C30 of the shuttle C30-C33 pair in Erv1 abolished oxidation of Tim13, whereas mutating the cysteines in the redox-active CPC motif, but not the structural disulfide linkages of the CX(9)C motif of Mia40, prevented Tim13 oxidation. Thus, we demonstrate that Mia40, Erv1, and oxygen are the minimal machinery for Tim13 oxidation.
|
['Circular Dichroism', 'Disulfides', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors', 'Protein Folding', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toluene']
| 19,477,928
|
[['E05.196.867.151'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D12.776.543.585.475', 'D12.776.575.750'], ['D12.776.575'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.667'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simplified stratum corneum model membranes for studying the effects of permeation enhancers.
|
The activity of transdermal permeation enhancers is usually evaluated in vitro on human or animal skin, but skin samples can be hard to source and highly variable. To provide a more consistent basis for evaluating the activity of permeation enhancers, we prepared relatively simple and inexpensive artificial membranes that imitate the stratum corneum (SC) lipid matrix. Our membranes were composed of stearic acid, cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate and a ceramide (CER) component consisting of N-2-hydroxystearoyl phytosphingosine (CER[AP]) and/or N-stearoyl phytosphingosine (CER[NP]). First, the permeation of theophylline (TH) and indomethacin (IND) through these membranes was compared with their permeation through porcine skin. Because the mixed CER[AP]/[NP] membrane gave the closest results to skin, this membrane was then used to test the effects of two permeation enhancers: N-dodecyl azepan-2-one (Azone) and (S)-N-acetylproline dodecyl ester (L-Pro2). Both enhancers significantly increased the flux of TH and IND through the skin and, even more markedly, through the lipid membrane, L-Pro2 having a stronger effect than Azone. Thus, our simplified model of the SC lipid membrane based on phytosphingosine CERs appears to be suitable for mimicking skin permeation.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Animals', 'Azepines', 'Ceramides', 'Cholesterol', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Permeability', 'Skin', 'Skin Absorption', 'Stearic Acids', 'Swine', 'Theophylline']
| 29,061,325
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.066'], ['D02.065.313', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200', 'D10.390.470.675.200', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['D10.570'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G02.723'], ['A17.815'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778'], ['D10.251.882'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Percutaneous catheter extraction of a ruptured Port-A-Cath in a small child].
|
A male child with protein-losing enteropathy received the completely implanted venous access catheter "Port-A-Cath" (Pharmacia Co.) at the age of 13 months for the regular application of human albumine infusions. After 12 months of impeccable functioning the catheter ruptured. By means of a percutaneous transfemoral angiographic extraction the catheter fragment was removed from the right ventricle.
|
['Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Equipment Failure', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Parenteral Nutrition', 'Protein-Losing Enteropathies', 'Vena Cava, Superior']
| 3,116,321
|
[['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['E07.132.500'], ['E05.325'], ['C26.392'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.421.505', 'E02.642.500.505'], ['C06.405.469.818'], ['A07.015.908.949.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Educational intervention to improve effectiveness in treatment and control of patients with high cardiovascular risk in low-resource settings in Argentina: study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial.
|
INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolaemia is estimated to cause 2.6 million deaths annually and one-third of the cases of ischaemic heart disease. In Argentina, the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia increased between 2005 and 2013 from 27.9% to 29.8%. Only one out of four subjects with a self-reported diagnosis of coronary heart disease is taking statins. Since 2014, statins (simvastatin 20 mg) are part of the package of drugs provided free-of-charge for patients according to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification. The goal of this study is to test whether a complex intervention targeting physicians and pharmacist assistants improves treatment and control of hypercholesterolaemia among patients with moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk in Argentina.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a cluster trial of 350 patients from 10 public primary care centres in Argentina to be randomised to either the intervention or usual care. The study is designed to have 90% statistical power to detect a 0.7 mmol/L reduction in low-density lipoproteins cholesterol from baseline to 12 months. The physician education programme consists of a 2-day initial intensive training and certification workshop followed by educational outreach visits (EOVs) conducted at 3, 6 and 9 months from the outset of the study. An on-site training to pharmacist assistants during the first EOV is performed at each intervention clinic. In addition, two intervention support tools are used: an app installed in physician's smartphones to serve as a decision aid to improve prescription of statins according to patient's CVD risk and a web-based platform tailored to send individualised SMS messages to patients.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from an independent ethics committee. Results of this study will be presented to the Ministry of Health of Argentina for potential dissemination and scale-up of the intervention programme to the entire national public primary care network in Argentina.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02380911.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Argentina', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Developing Countries', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Education, Pharmacy', 'Healthy Lifestyle', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Mobile Applications', 'Pharmacy Technicians', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Research Design', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Text Messaging']
| 28,143,840
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.757.077'], ['C14'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['I02.358.525'], ['F01.829.458.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.224.900.685'], ['M01.526.485.067.735', 'N02.360.067.730'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['L01.178.847.698.300.500', 'L01.559.423.906.377.666']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characteristics of locomotion, muscle strength, and muscle tissue in regenerating rat skeletal muscles.
|
Although numerous studies have aimed to elucidate the mechanisms used to repair the structure and function of injured skeletal muscles, it remains unclear how and when movement recovers following damage. We performed a temporal analysis to characterize the changes in movement, muscle function, and muscle structure after muscle injury induced by the drop-mass technique. At each time-point, movement recovery was determined by ankle kinematic analysis of locomotion, and functional recovery was represented by isometric force. As a histological analysis, the cross-sectional area of myotubes was measured to examine structural regeneration. The dorsiflexion angle of the ankle, as assessed by kinematic analysis of locomotion, increased after injury and then returned to control levels by day 14 post-injury. The isometric force returned to normal levels by day 21 post-injury. However, the size of the myotubes did not reach normal levels, even at day 21 post-injury. These results indicate that recovery of locomotion occurs prior to recovery of isometric force and that functional recovery occurs earlier than structural regeneration. Thus, it is suggested that recovery of the movement and function of injured skeletal muscles might be insufficient as markers for estimating the degree of neuromuscular system reconstitution.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gait Disorders, Neurologic', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle Strength', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Regeneration', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 20,405,501
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.597.404', 'C23.888.592.413'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G16.762'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Structural isomerization of synephrine influences its uptake and ensuing glutathione depletion in rat-isolated cardiomyocytes.
|
Synephrine is a natural compound, frequently added to ephedra-free dietary supplements for weight-loss, due to its effects as a nonspecific adrenergic agonist. Though only p-synephrine has been documented in plants, the presence of m-synephrine has also been reported in weight-loss products. The use of synephrine in dietary supplements was accompanied by reports of adverse effects, especially at the cardiovascular level. It is well known that the imbalance in cardiac glutathione levels can increase the risk of cardiomyopathy. The present work aimed to study the role of organic cation-mediated transport of m- and p-synephrine and the possibility that p- and m-synephrine induce intracellular changes in glutathione levels in calcium-tolerant freshly isolated cardiomyocytes from adult rat. After a 3 h incubation with 1 mM p- or m-synephrine, the intracellular content of synephrine was measured by gas chromatography/ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC/IT-MS); cell viability and intracellular glutathione levels were also determined. To evaluate the potential protective effects of antioxidants against the adverse effects elicited by m-synephrine, cells were pre-incubated for 30 min with Tiron (100 ìM) or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (1 mM). To assess the influence of á(1)-adrenoceptors activation in glutathione depletion, a study with prazosin (100 nM) was also performed. The results obtained provide evidence that organic cation transporters OCT3 and OCT1 play a major role in m- and p-synephrine-mediated transport into the cardiomyocytes. The importance of these transporters seems similar for both isomers, although p-synephrine enters more into the cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, only m-synephrine induced intracellular total glutathione (GSHt) and reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. NAC and Tiron were able to counteract the m-synephrine-induced GSH and GSHt decrease. On the other hand, the incubation with prazosin was not able to change m-synephrine-induced glutathione depletion showing that this effect is independent of á(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation. In conclusion, both positional isomers require OCT3 and OCT1-mediated transport to enter into the cardiomyocytes; however, the hydroxyl group in the p-position favours the OCT-mediated transport into cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the structural isomerization of synephrine influences its toxicological profile since only m-synephrine caused GSH depletion.
|
['1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt', 'Acetylcysteine', 'Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Biological Transport', 'Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Glutathione', 'Male', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Organic Cation Transport Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Synephrine']
| 21,140,131
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.097.175', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.210', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100.150'], ['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G03.143'], ['D12.776.157.530.562.374.500', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.500'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.033.100.291.870', 'D02.092.063.291.870', 'D02.092.211.215.811.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Objective passive-smoking indicators and respiratory morbidity in young children.
|
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with increased respiratory morbidity in young children, but few studies have assessed such exposure objectively by urinary cotinine measurements. 501 children aged 1-5 years, a random 5% sample of children attending an outpatient clinic, were classified as exposed or non-exposed to environmental tobacco smoke with a cut-off of 10 ng cotinine per mg creatinine in urine. Exposed children were 3.5 times (95% CI 1.56-7.90, p < 0.0024) more likely to have increased respiratory morbidity (three or more episodes during the previous 12 months) than non-exposed children after adjustment for potential confounding factors.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Cotinine', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Logistic Models', 'Odds Ratio', 'Random Allocation', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution']
| 7,630,249
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['D03.383.773.812.180'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['C08'], ['D20.633.937.680', 'N06.850.460.100.555']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diverse incidences of individual oligopeptides (dipeptidic to hexapeptidic) in proteins of human, bakers' yeast, and Escherichia coli origin registered in the Swiss-Prot data base.
|
Oligopeptidic permutations of the 20 amino acid residues give rise to proteins of diverse functions. Our long-term goal is to produce a lexicon of oligopeptides, classifying them into at least five categories: (i) ubiquitous, (ii) function specific, (iii) group specific, (iv) species specific, and (v) nonexistent. To begin with, we report on the varying frequencies of individual oligopeptides (dipeptidic to hexapeptidic in length) found among 2862 human proteins, 1942 Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins, and 2672 Escherichia coli proteins registered in the Swiss-Prot data base (version 29.0, released in June 1994). At all lengths (dipeptides to hexapeptides), homooligopeptides were very prominent among the most frequently occurring varieties in proteins of human and bakers' yeast origins. However, this was not the case with E. coli. While all of the expected 20(3) varieties of tripeptides were found among human proteins, three tripeptides (Cys-Cys-Trp, Trp-Trp-Cys, and Trp-Trp-His) were missing from the bakers' yeast proteins. Three tripeptides (Cys-Ile-Trp, Cys-Met-Tyr, and Cys-Trp-Trp) were also absent from E. coli proteins. Inasmuch as the Swiss-Prot data base already contained 67% of the expected total of 4000 E. coli proteins, it is virtually certain that 96,000 varieties of hexapeptides containing at least one or another of the three missing tripeptides noted above shall be nonexistent in E. coli. Furthermore, the observation of missing tripeptides in the bakers' yeast proteins suggests that nonexistent hexapeptides shall be highly phylum specific. Because of the sample size, only a small fraction of the 20(6) varieties of hexapeptides were expected to be encountered in the present survey. Indeed, only 1.2-1.5% of the possible hexapeptides were found, and the average copy number of observed hexapeptides varied between 1.06 and 1.25. Nevertheless, 33 varieties of hexapeptides occurred in 102-169 copies among human proteins. Furthermore, 15 of the 33 varieties contained such rarely used residues as Tyr, His, Cys, and Trp.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biological Evolution', 'Databases, Factual', 'Dipeptides', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hominidae', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Switzerland', 'Viral Proteins']
| 7,708,741
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Cloning of type 8 capsule genes and analysis of gene clusters for the production of different capsular polysaccharides in Staphylococcus aureus.
|
Eleven serotypes of capsular polysaccharide from Staphylococcus aureus have been reported. We have previously cloned a cluster of type 1 capsule (cap1) genes responsible for type 1 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in S. aureus M. To clone the type 8 capsule (cap8) genes, a plasmid library of type 8 strain Becker was screened with a labelled DNA fragment containing the cap1 genes under low-stringency conditions. One recombinant plasmid containing a 14-kb insert was chosen for further study and found to complement 14 of the 18 type 8 capsule-negative (Cap8-) mutants used in the study. Additional library screening, subcloning, and complementation experiments showed that all of the 18 Cap8- mutants were complemented by DNA fragments derived from a 20.5-kb contiguous region of the Becker chromosome. The mutants were mapped into six complementation groups, indicating that the cap8 genes are clustered. By Southern hybridization analyses under high-stringency conditions, we found that DNA fragments containing the cap8 gene cluster show extensive homology with all 17 strains tested, including type 1 strains. By further Southern analyses and cloning of the cap8-related homolog from strain M, we show that strain M carries an additional capsule gene cluster different from the cap1 gene cluster. In addition, by using DNA fragments containing different regions of the cap8 gene cluster as probes to hybridize DNA from different strains, we found that the central region of the cap8 gene cluster hybridizes only to DNAs from certain strains tested whereas the flanking regions hybridize to DNAs of all strains tested. Thus, the cap8 gene clusters and its closely related homologs are likely to have organizations similar to those of the encapsulation genes of other bacterial systems.
|
['Bacterial Capsules', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Immunoelectrophoresis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 8,606,192
|
[['A20.186'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350.350', 'E05.196.401.568', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350.350', 'E05.301.300.568', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350.350'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of clinical abnormalities in cats found to have nonneoplastic middle ear disease at necropsy: 59 cases (1991-2007).
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of nonneoplastic middle ear disease among cats undergoing necropsy and the prevalence of clinical abnormalities in cats in which nonneoplastic middle ear disease was identified.DESIGN: Retrospective case series.ANIMALS: 59 cats that underwent necropsy between January 1991 and August 2007.PROCEDURES: Medical records were searched to identify cats in which nonneoplastic middle ear disease was identified at necropsy. For cats included in the study, data that were recorded included signalment, initial complaint, whether the cat had any clinical signs of middle or external ear disease, whether the cat had upper respiratory tract disease, necropsy diagnosis, gross appearance of the bullae, and reason for euthanasia. Signs of middle ear disease that were considered included unilateral peripheral vestibular disease without motor deficits, Horner syndrome, and facial nerve paralysis.RESULTS: Of the 3,442 cats that underwent necropsy during the study period, 59 (1.7%) had nonneoplastic middle ear disease. Six of the 59 (10%) cats, including 1 cat that was affected bilaterally, had clinical signs of middle ear disease. Of these, 5 had signs of unilateral peripheral vestibular disease, and 1 had Horner syndrome.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that most cats with nonneoplastic middle ear disease did not have associated clinical signs. Findings may be of clinical relevance for cats in which middle ear disease is identified as an incidental finding during computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for unrelated diseases.
|
['Animals', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Ear, Middle', 'Female', 'Male', 'Otitis Media', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 19,793,014
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A09.246.397'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnosis of an isolated persistent left side superior vena cava by contrast echocardiography compared with invasive angiographic study.
|
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of left side superior vena cava (LSVC) is low and usually invasive angiography is necessary to validate its presence. Non-invasive echocardiographic study is important for the diagnosis and definition of associated lesions. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the clinical feasibility and accuracy of diagnosing LSVC by contrast echocardiography.METHODS: Four cases were included in this study. They were aged from 41 to 75 years old, 1 male and 3 female, all in sinus rhythm, with mean heart rate 83 +/- 14 beat per minute. They all received transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography. Contrast material was rapidly infused from both left arm vein and right arm vein to evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast enhancement for LSVC. They also received invasive angiographic study as the diagnostic golden standard. An isolated persistent left side superior vena cava with drainage into the right atrium was considered to be present, supposing the following diagnostic criteria were met: (1) the presence of a dilated coronary sinus in parasternal long axis view of two-dimensional echocardiography; (2) earlier enhancement of the dilated coronary sinus than the right cardiac chambers after contrast material infusion into a left arm vein; (3) right cardiac chambers were enhanced earlier than the dilated coronary sinus after contrast material infusion into a right arm vein.RESULTS: All 4 patients received the complete studies without any complications during the study procedures. Correct diagnostic yields could be obtained even with or without other associated cardiac lesions.CONCLUSIONS: According to the experiences obtained from this study, contrast echocardiography is safe and highly informative for the definite diagnosis of left superior vena cava with drainage into coronary sinus. Correct diagnosis could be obtained by contrast echocardiography in all four cases within this study. The accuracy was 100%, if the above three echocardiographic diagnostic criteria were adopted.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Vena Cava, Superior']
| 12,365,649
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A07.015.908.949.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Structure enhancement diffusion and contour extraction for electron tomography of mitochondria.
|
The interpretation and measurement of the architectural organization of mitochondria depend heavily upon the availability of good software tools for filtering, segmenting, extracting, measuring, and classifying the features of interest. Images of mitochondria contain many flow-like patterns and they are usually corrupted by large amounts of noise. Thus, it is necessary to enhance them by denoising and closing interrupted structures. We introduce a new approach based on anisotropic nonlinear diffusion and bilateral filtering for electron tomography of mitochondria. It allows noise removal and structure closure at certain scales, while preserving both the orientation and magnitude of discontinuities without the need for threshold switches. This technique facilitates image enhancement for subsequent segmentation, contour extraction, and improved visualization of the complex and intricate mitochondrial morphology. We perform the extraction of the structure-defining contours by employing a variational level set formulation. The propagating front for this approach is an approximate signed distance function which does not require expensive re-initialization. The behavior of the combined approach is tested for visualizing the structure of a HeLa cell mitochondrion and the results we obtain are very promising.
|
['Diffusion', 'Electron Microscope Tomography', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Mitochondria']
| 19,254,765
|
[['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E01.370.350.825.249', 'E05.595.402.580.239'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulatory network controlling extracellular proteins in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: FlhDC, the master regulator of flagellar genes, activates rsmB regulatory RNA production by affecting gacA and hexA (lrhA) expression.
|
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora produces an array of extracellular proteins (i.e., exoproteins), including plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and Harpin, an effector responsible for eliciting hypersensitive reaction. Exoprotein genes are coregulated by the quorum-sensing signal, N-acyl homoserine lactone, plant signals, an assortment of transcriptional factors/regulators (GacS/A, ExpR1, ExpR2, KdgR, RpoS, HexA, and RsmC) and posttranscriptional regulators (RsmA, rsmB RNA). rsmB RNA production is positively regulated by GacS/A, a two-component system, and negatively regulated by HexA (PecT in Erwinia chrysanthemi; LrhA [LysR homolog A] in Escherichia coli) and RsmC, a putative transcriptional adaptor. While free RsmA, an RNA-binding protein, promotes decay of mRNAs of exoprotein genes, binding of RsmA with rsmB RNA neutralizes the RsmA effect. In the course of studies of GacA regulation, we discovered that a locus bearing strong homology to the flhDC operon of E. coli also controls extracellular enzyme production. A transposon insertion FlhDC(-) mutant produces very low levels of pectate lyase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, protease, and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora Harpin (Harpin(Ecc)) and is severely attenuated in its plant virulence. The production of these exoproteins is restored in the mutant carrying an FlhDC(+) plasmid. Sequence analysis and transcript assays disclosed that the flhD operon of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, like those of other enterobacteria, consists of flhD and flhC. Complementation analysis revealed that the regulatory effect requires functions of both flhD and flhC products. The data presented here show that FlhDC positively regulates gacA, rsmC, and fliA and negatively regulates hexA (lrhA). Evidence shows that FlhDC controls extracellular protein production through cumulative effects on hexA and gacA. Reduced levels of GacA and elevated levels of HexA in the FlhDC(-) mutant are responsible for the inhibition of rsmB RNA production, a condition conducive to the accumulation of free RsmA. Indeed, studies with an RsmA(-) FlhDC(-) double mutant and multiple copies of rsmB(+) DNA establish that the negative effect of FlhDC deficiency is exerted via RsmA. The FlhDC-mediated regulation of fliA has no bearing on exoprotein production in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Our observations for the first time establish a regulatory connection between FlhDC, HexA, GacA, and rsmB RNA in the context of the exoprotein production and virulence of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Models, Biological', 'Pectobacterium carotovorum', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Sigma Factor', 'Transcription Factors']
| 18,441,056
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B03.440.450.425.585.120', 'B03.660.250.150.542.120'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Capacitative Ca2+ entry contributes to the Ca2+ influx induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in GH3 pituitary cells.
|
Treatment of GH3 cells with either hypothalamic peptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), the endomembrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin or the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin mobilized, with different kinetics, essentially all of the Ca2+ pool from the intracellular Ca2+ stores. Any of the above- described treatments induced a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and was prevented by Ni2+ but not by dihydropyridines (DHPs), suggesting that it was due to capacitative Ca2+ entry via activation of a plasma membrane pathway which opened upon the emptying of the intracellular Ca2+ stores. The increase of the plasma membrane permeability to Ca2+ correlated negatively with the filling degree of the intracellular Ca2+ stores and was reversed by refilling of the stores. The mechanism of capacitative Ca2+ entry into GH3 cells differed from similar mechanisms described in several types of blood cells in that the pathway was poorly permeable to Mn2+ and not sensitive to cytochrome P450 inhibitors. In GH3 cells, TRH induced a transient [Ca2+]i increase due to Ca2+ release from the stores (phase 1) followed by a sustained [Ca2+]i increase due to Ca2+ entry (phase 2). At the single-cell level, phase 2 was composed of a DHP-insensitive sustained [Ca2+]i increase, due to activation of capacitative Ca2+ entry, superimposed upon which DHP- sensitive [Ca2+]i oscillations took place. The two components of the TRH-induced Ca2+ entry differed also in that [Ca2+]i oscillations remained for several minutes after TRH removal, whereas the sustained [Ca2+]i increase dropped quickly to prestimulatory levels, following the same time course as the refilling of the stores. The drop was prevented when the refilling was inhibited by thapsigargin. It is concluded that, even though the mechanisms of capacitative Ca2+ entry may show differences from cell to cell, it is also present and may contribute to the regulation of physiological functions in excitable cells such as GH3. There, capacitative Ca2+ entry cooperates with voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to generate the [Ca2+]i increase seen during phase 2 of TRH action. This contribution of capacitative Ca2+ entry may be relevant to the enhancement of prolactin secretion induced by TRH.
|
['Calcium', 'Calcium Channels', 'Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Dihydropyridines', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Ionomycin', 'Manganese', 'Pituitary Gland, Anterior', 'Signal Transduction', 'Terpenes', 'Thapsigargin', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']
| 8,594,545
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.250', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.500', 'D12.776.157.530.813.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.500', 'D12.776.543.585.813.250'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D03.383.725.203'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['D10.251.355.391'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['A06.300.747.500', 'A06.688.357.750.500', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.500', 'A08.713.357.750.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.849'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detoxification of hazardous dust with marine sediment.
|
Hazardous electric arc furnace dust containing dioxins/furans and heavy metals is blended with harbor sediment, fired at 950-1100 °C to prepare lightweight aggregates. Dust addition can lower the sintering temperature by about 100 °C, as compared to a typical industrial process. After firing at 950 °C and 1050 °C, more than 99.85% of dioxins/furans originally present in the dust have been removed and/or destructed in the mix containing a dust/sediment ratio of 50:100. The heavy metals leached from all fired mixes are far below Taiwan EPA legal limits. The particle density of the lightweight aggregates always decreases with increasing firing temperature. Greater addition of the dust results in a considerably lower particle density (mostly <2.0 g cm(-3)) fired at 1050 °C and 1100 °C. However, firing at temperatures lower than 1050 °C produces no successful bloating, leading to a denser particle density (>2.0 g cm(-3)) that is typical of bricks.
|
['Dioxins', 'Dust', 'Environmental Pollution', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Hot Temperature', 'Industrial Waste', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Taiwan']
| 24,461,694
|
[['D02.309.500', 'D03.383.231'], ['D20.633.222'], ['N06.850.460'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D20.944.420', 'N06.850.460.710.420'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Hepatitis C virus NS5A disrupts STAT1 phosphorylation and suppresses type I interferon signaling.
|
Responses to alpha interferon (IFN-á)-based treatment are dependent on both host and viral factors and vary markedly among patients infected with different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes (GTs). Patients infected with GT3 viruses consistently respond better to IFN treatment than do patients infected with GT1 viruses. The mechanisms underlying this difference are not well understood. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of HCV NS5A proteins from different genotypes on IFN signaling. We found that the overexpression of either GT1 or GT3 NS5A proteins significantly inhibited IFN-induced IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) signaling, phosphorylated STAT1 (P-STAT1) levels, and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression compared to controls. GT1 NS5A protein expression exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on IFN signaling than did GT3 NS5A protein expression. Furthermore, GT1 NS5A bound to STAT1 with a higher affinity than did GT3 NS5A. Domain mapping revealed that the C-terminal region of NS5A conferred these inhibitory effects on IFN signaling. The overexpression of HCV NS5A increased HCV replication levels in JFH1-infected cells through the further reduction of levels of P-STAT1, ISRE signaling, and downstream ISG responses. We demonstrated that the overexpression of GT1 NS5A proteins resulted in less IFN responsiveness than did the expression of GT3 NS5A proteins through stronger binding to STAT1. We confirmed that GT1 NS5A proteins exerted stronger IFN signaling inhibition than did GT3 NS5A proteins in an infectious recombinant JFH1 virus. The potent antiviral NS5A inhibitor BMS-790052 did not block NS5A-mediated IFN signaling suppression in an overexpression model, suggesting that NS5A's contributions to replication are independent of its subversive action on IFN. We propose a model in which the binding of the C-terminal region of NS5A to STAT1 leads to decreased levels of P-STAT1, ISRE signaling, and ISG transcription and, ultimately, to preferential GT1 resistance to IFN treatment.
|
['Hepacivirus', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Interferon Type I', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'STAT1 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Viral Nonstructural Proteins']
| 22,674,974
|
[['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500'], ['E05.601.690'], ['D12.644.360.024.303.500.500', 'D12.644.360.024.342.100', 'D12.776.157.057.061.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.100', 'D12.776.260.513.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.386.500.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.100', 'D12.776.930.354.249.500', 'D12.776.930.840.100'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.964.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accuracy of portable quantitative capnometers and capnographs under prehospital conditions.
|
This study was designed to assess the pCO(2) accuracy of portable mainstream (Tidal Wave, Novametrix; Propaq 106, Protocol) and sidestream capnometers (Capnocheck 8200, BCI; Capnocount mini, Weinmann; NPB-75, Nellcor Puritan Bennett; SC-210, Pryon) with respect to international standards and preclinical emergency conditions. Measurements were performed under temperature conditions of +22 degrees C and -20 degrees C using dry gas mixtures with different CO(2) concentrations (STPD) and in patients ventilated with pure oxygen (BTPS). Accuracy presented to be between +1% (Capnocheck) and +12% (Propaq) (STPD) and between -0.4% (Capnocheck) and +11% (Tidal Wave) (BTPS). The measurements were affected by low ambient temperature only in the NPB-75 (+15%). Our results indicate that portable quantitative capnometers are able to fulfill accuracy requirements as requested by international standards but can be affected by changing ambient temperatures.
|
['Capnography', 'Emergency Treatment', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 14,655,228
|
[['E01.370.386.700.150'], ['E02.365'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular sequencing and morphological identification reveal similar patterns in native bee communities across public and private grasslands of eastern North Dakota.
|
Bees play a key role in the functioning of human-modified and natural ecosystems by pollinating agricultural crops and wild plant communities. Global pollinator conservation efforts need large-scale and long-term monitoring to detect changes in species' demographic patterns and shifts in bee community structure. The objective of this project was to test a molecular sequencing pipeline that would utilize a commonly used locus, produce accurate and precise identifications consistent with morphological identifications, and generate data that are both qualitative and quantitative. We applied this amplicon sequencing pipeline to native bee communities sampled across Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands and native grasslands in eastern North Dakota. We found the 28S LSU locus to be more capable of discriminating between species than the 18S SSU rRNA locus, and in some cases even resolved instances of cryptic species or morphologically ambiguous species complexes. Overall, we found the amplicon sequencing method to be a qualitatively accurate representation of the sampled bee community richness and species identity, especially when a well-curated database of known 28S LSU sequences is available. Both morphological identification and molecular sequencing revealed similar patterns in native bee community structure across CRP lands and native prairie. Additionally, a genetic algorithm approach to compute taxon-specific correction factors using a small subset of the most concordant samples demonstrated that a high level of quantitative accuracy could be possible if the specimens are fresh and processed soon after collection. Here we provide a first step to a molecular pipeline for identifying insect pollinator communities. This tool should prove useful for future national monitoring efforts as use of molecular tools becomes more affordable and as numbers of 28S LSU sequences for pollinator species increase in publicly-available databases.
|
['Animals', 'Bees', 'Biodiversity', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Ecosystem', 'Grassland', 'Humans', 'Pollination', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 31,971,987
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275.157.531', 'N06.230.124.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.743', 'G15.776'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
MASS: meta-analysis of score statistics for sequencing studies.
|
SUMMARY: MASS is a command-line program to perform meta-analysis of sequencing studies by combining the score statistics from multiple studies. It implements three types of multivariate tests that encompass all commonly used association tests for rare variants. The input files can be generated from the accompanying software SCORE-Seq. This bundle of programs allows analysis of large sequencing studies in a time and memory efficient manner.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: MASS and SCORE-Seq, including documentations and executables, are available at http://dlin.web.unc.edu/software/.CONTACT: lin@bios.unc.edu.
|
['Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Meta-Analysis as Topic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Software']
| 23,698,861
|
[['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.500', 'E05.581.500.501', 'N05.715.360.325.515', 'N06.850.520.445.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An extreme allele of hooded spotting in the Norway rat.
|
A new allele (he) of hooded white spotting is described. The typical homozygous phenotype is an almost or completely white rat. The almost white animals have variable coloured spots on the sides of the head, usually around or above the eyes or covering the ears. Superficially, the eyes are dark but careful examination shows that pupil glows a dull red in bright illumination in all or the majority of individuals.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Genotype', 'Hair Color', 'Phenotype', 'Rats']
| 2,599,381
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.380'], ['G13.500', 'G16.690.490'], ['G05.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Depressed suicidal adolescent males have an altered cortisol response to a pharmacological challenge.
|
Dysregulation of the HPA axis and the dysfunction of the central serotonin (5HT) system are the most replicated biomarkers of depression and suicidal ideation and behavior. However, few studies have examined the two systems simultaneously. In this study, cortisol response was measured in depressed adolescents, following the administration of a central serotonin receptor agonist, meta-chlorphenylpiprazine (mCPP). Adolescents with major depression (MDD; n = 44; males = 15, females = 29; mean age ± SD = 15.5 ± 1.5) were divided into two groups: non-suicidal or those who reported passive suicidal ideation (n = 21), and those who had either threatened suicide or engaged in suicidal acts (n = 23). Sequential infusions of normal saline and mCPP were administered, and serial blood samples were collected for cortisol response. A differential time by group pattern of cortisol response following mCPP was found in the entire group (F(6,242) = 2.6, p=0.018). However, this was mostly attributed to males (F(6,73) = 2.3, p = 0.043) who had threatened or engaged in suicidal acts and displayed a higher cortisol response at 10 and 25 min after the infusion of mCPP, which was not affected by the severity of depression. This differential pattern of cortisol secretion in response to a serotonergic agonist may be a biomarker for more severe forms of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescent males.
|
['Adolescent', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Male', 'Piperazines', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Serotonin Receptor Agonists', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 24,524,706
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['D03.383.606'], ['A06.300.691'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.800', 'D27.505.696.577.850.800'], ['G08.686.815'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of deformable registration of patient lung 4DCT with subanatomical region segmentations.
|
Deformable registration is needed for a variety of tasks in establishing the voxel correspondence between respiratory phases. Most registration algorithms assume or imply that the deformation field is smooth and continuous everywhere. However, the lungs are contained within closed invaginated sacs called pleurae and are allowed to slide almost independently along the chest wall. This sliding motion is characterized by a discontinuous vector field, which cannot be generated using standard deformable registration methods. The authors have developed a registration method that can create discontinuous vector fields at the boundaries of anatomical subregions. Registration is performed independently on each subregion, with a boundary-matching penalty used to prevent gaps. This method was implemented and tested using both the B-spline and Demons registration algorithms in the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit. The authors have validated this method on four patient 4DCT data sets for registration of the end-inhalation and end-exhalation volumes. Multiple experts identified homologous points in the lungs and along the ribs in the two respiratory phases. Statistical analyses of the mismatch of the homologous points before and after registration demonstrated improved overall accuracy for both algorithms.
|
['Algorithms', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Subtraction Technique', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,383,700
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E07.671'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
c-ABL tyrosine kinase modulates p53-dependent p21 induction and ensuing cell fate decision in response to DNA damage.
|
The c-ABL non-receptor tyrosine kinase and the p53 tumor suppressor protein are pivotal modulators of cellular responses to DNA damage. However, a comprehensive understanding of the role of c-ABL kinase in p53-dependent transcription of p21(CIP1/WAF1) and ensuing cell fate decision is still obscure. Here, we demonstrate that c-ABL tyrosine kinase regulates p53-dependent induction of p21. As a result, it modulates cell fate decision by p53 in response to DNA damage differently according to the extent of DNA damage. When human cancer cells were treated with DNA damaging agent, adriamycin (0.08 ìg/ml), p21 was induced following p53 induction. Owing largely to p21, a substantial fraction of cells treated with adriamycin were blocked at the G2 phase of the cell cycle and most cells eventually became senescent. When these cells were simultaneously treated with a c-ABL kinase inhibitor, STI571, or a c-ABL-specific siRNA along with adriamycin, the p53-dependent p21 induction was dramatically diminished, even though p53 is substantially induced. Accordingly, G2-arrest, and cellular senescence largely dependent on p21 were substantially abrogated. On the contrary, when cells were treated with a relatively high dose of adriamycin (0.4 ìg/ml) cells became apoptotic, and the simultaneous presence of a c-ABL kinase inhibitor STI571 augmented the extent of apoptosis. We speculate this is due to abrogation of p53-dependent p21 induction, which leads to elimination of anti-apoptotic function of p21. In summary, c-ABL appears to promote senescence or inhibit apoptosis, depending on the extent of DNA damage. These findings suggest that the combined use of ABL kinase inhibitor and DNA damaging drug in chemotherapy against tumors retaining wild type p53 should be carefully designed.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Benzamides', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'DNA Damage', 'Doxorubicin', 'G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Piperazines', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl', 'Pyrimidines', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 24,177,958
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['G05.200'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G04.144.109.500', 'G04.144.500.340.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.456', 'D02.241.223.100.100.435', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.465', 'D03.383.606.405', 'D03.383.742.349'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.167'], ['D03.383.742'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Photoexcitation dynamics of coupled semiconducting carbon nanotube thin films.
|
Carbon nanotubes are a promising means of capturing photons for use in solar cell devices. We time-resolved the photoexcitation dynamics of coupled, bandgap-selected, semiconducting carbon nanotubes in thin films tailored for photovoltaics. Using transient absorption spectroscopy and anisotropy measurements, we found that the photoexcitation evolves by two mechanisms with a fast and long-range component followed by a slow and short-range component. Within 300 fs of optical excitation, 20% of nanotubes transfer their photoexcitation over 5-10 nm into nearby nanotube fibers. After 3 ps, 70% of the photoexcitation resides on the smallest bandgap nanotubes. After this ultrafast process, the photoexcitation continues to transfer on a ~10 ps time scale but to predominantly aligned tubes. Ultimately the photoexcitation hops twice on average between fibers. These results are important for understanding the flow of energy and charge in coupled nanotube materials and light-harvesting devices.
|
['Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Photons', 'Quantum Dots', 'Solar Energy']
| 23,464,618
|
[['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['E07.705', 'J01.637.512.600.650'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diurnal variation of urinary markers of nucleic acid oxidation.
|
AIMS: Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) are biomarkers of oxidative stress with clinical potential in a variety of diseases. As part of their clinical validation, this study aimed to investigate whether the urinary excretion of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo undergoes diurnal variation and to evaluate the validity of 6-hour sampling as well as creatinine corrected spot urine sampling.METHODS: A total of 23 healthy study subjects collecting their 24-h urine in four fractions covering 6 hours each. Urinary 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo levels were quantified using a modified version of UPLC-MS/MS.RESULTS: No significant difference in excretion levels between the 12-h diurnal and 12-h nocturnal state or between the four 6-h periods during the day was found for either biomarker. A strong linear relationship between the excretion levels in each of the 6-h periods and the 24-h excretion level was shown for both biomarkers. Creatinine correction of the 6-h levels reduced the biological variation of the excretion levels and weakened the linear relationship with the uncorrected 24-h excretion level for both biomarkers. The correlations were strengthened when the 24-h excretion level was expressed per kg body weight.CONCLUSION: The results showed that 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo did not undergo diurnal variation in the study population overall and hence that the time of sampling is not crucial. Furthermore, 6-h sampling can be used as a substitute for 24-h sampling, and creatinine corrected sampling may be rational due to the reduction in biological variation of the biomarkers and the reasonable correlation with body weight-adjusted 24-h levels.
|
["8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine", 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Creatinine', 'Deoxyguanosine', 'Female', 'Guanosine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 24,628,455
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240.500', 'D13.570.230.360.500', 'D13.570.583.454.240.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240', 'D13.570.230.360', 'D13.570.583.454.240'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454', 'D13.570.583.454', 'D13.570.800.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characteristics of the immune response in a patient with Whipple's disease.
|
A patient with Whipple's disease has been studied to examine the effect of antibiotic therapy on the immune status of the patient, and the specific immune response to a cell wall deficient form of an alpha-haemolytic streptococcus (alpha HS) isolated from this patient. T lymphocyte numbers were reduced, and cutaneous anergy was present. Autoantibodies directed against smooth muscle and mitochondria were detected. These abnormal parameters became normal following antibiotic therapy. The specific immune response to the alphaHS was characterised by IgA antibody and lymphocyte sensitisation. The latter was detected as antigen-inducedd lymphocyte stimulation and antigen-induced leucocyte inhibition factor (LIF) production. Antibiotic therapy was associated with a fall in antibody titre and reduced LIF production. No defect in neutrophil function was found. These results are most consistent with the postulates that (i) immunological abnormalities in Whipple's disease are secondary to infection and (ii) the primary abnormality is an unusual pathogenic bacterium.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Autoantibodies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Streptococcus', 'Tetracycline', 'Whipple Disease']
| 71,895
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.137.631', 'C06.405.469.637.925', 'C18.452.603.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphate-dependent glutaminase in enterocyte mitochondria and its regulation by ammonium and other ions.
|
The effects of ammonium and other ions on phosphate dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity in intact rat enterocyte mitochondria were investigated. Sulphate and bicarbonate activated the enzyme in absence and presence of added phosphate. In presence of 10 mM phosphate, ammonium at concentrations <1 mM inhibited the enzyme. This inhibition was reversed by increased concentration of phosphate or sulphate. The inhibition of PDG by ammonium in presence of 10 mM phosphate was biphasic with respect to glutamine concentration, its effect being through a lowering of V(max) at glutamine concentration of </=5 mM, and increased K(m) for substrate concentration above 5 mM. The activation of the enzyme by bicarbonate was through an increase in V(max). Ammonium and bicarbonate ions may therefore be important physiological regulators of PDG. It is suggested that phosphate and other polyvalent ions may function by preventing product inhibition of the enzyme through promotion of PDG dimer formation. The dimerized enzyme may have a high affinity for glutamine and reduced sensitivity to inhibition by ammonium ions.
|
['Animals', 'Bicarbonates', 'Enterocytes', 'Glutaminase', 'Glutamine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ions', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Phosphates', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sulfates']
| 12,768,506
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['A03.556.124.369.290', 'A10.615.550.444.290', 'A11.436.290'], ['D08.811.277.087.483'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.248.497'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three explanations of marital status differences in suicide rates: social integration, marital status integration, and the culture of suicide.
|
Our first goal is to link empirical measures of three theoretical explanations of marital status differences to the variation in male and female standardized suicide difference coefficients SSDCs in 12 developed countries, circa 1960. We include predictors of Durkheim's social integration hypothesis, Gibbs and Martin's concept of marital status integration, and norms on suicide acceptability. All three are significantly related to variation in male and female SSDCs. The second goal is to examine how our empirical indicators impact age-specific differences in the male minus female SSDC--differences that vary by age in all 12 of our study populations. The strongest predictor of these differences is the male minus female difference in the percent married.
|
['Cultural Characteristics', 'Female', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Models, Psychological', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Behavior', 'Social Environment', 'Suicide']
| 18,210,894
|
[['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['E05.599.695'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.813'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dose-response effects of atropine and HI-6 treatment of organophosphorus poisoning in guinea pigs.
|
HI-6 (1-2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridino-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridino -2- oxapropane dichloride) has been evaluated as an oxime alternative to pralidoxime, and toxogonin in the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning. The dose response effects of atropine (ATR) and HI-6 were investigated to more fully explore the interaction of these compounds in the treatment of OP poisoning. ATR, HI-6 and various combinations of the two drugs were evaluated against lethal poisoning by soman (GD) and tabun (GA) in guinea pigs. The effect of adjunctive diazepam treatment on the efficacy of atropine and HI-6 against soman was also investigated. Animals of either sex were challenged s.c. with OP and treated i.m. 1 min later with ATR and/or HI-6. When used, diazepam was injected immediately after ATR+HI6. LD50s of each treatment were calculated from probit models based on 24-hour survival against 5 levels of nerve agent and 6 animals per challenge level. A protective index (PI) was calculated by dividing the nerve agent LD50 in the presence of treatment by the LD50 in the absence of treatment. Treatment with HI6 alone had little effect on the toxicity of either OP. Treatment with ATR alone was more effective than HI-6 alone and was significantly more effective against soman than against tabun. When used in combination atropine and HI-6 had a strong synergistic effect against both agents. The dose of atropine used with HI-6 was critical in determining the efficacy of HI-6 against either agent. The slopes of the dose-lethality curves were minimally affected by the dose of ATR or HI-6. Adjunctive treatment with diazepam enhanced the efficacy of HI-6 and atropine against soman. It is concluded that 1) ATR has a large effect on the efficacy of HI-6 against OP poisoning, 2) the dose of ATR must be carefully selected in studies investigating the efficacy of HI-6 against OP poisoning, 3) the effective dose of ATR in the guinea pig is approximately 16 mg/kg, and 4) diazepam is a useful adjunct to atropine and HI-6.
|
['Animals', 'Antidotes', 'Atropine', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Cholinesterase Reactivators', 'Diazepam', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Male', 'Organophosphate Poisoning', 'Organophosphates', 'Oximes', 'Pyridinium Compounds', 'Soman']
| 7,497,907
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.706.037', 'D27.720.799.037'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['D27.505.519.405.347', 'D27.505.519.625.120.400', 'D27.505.696.577.120.400'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['C25.723.717'], ['D02.705.400'], ['D02.092.570.665'], ['D03.383.725.762'], ['D02.705.429.750.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distributed Encoding of Reinforcement in Rat Cortico-Striatal-Limbic Networks.
|
Decision-making in the mammalian brain typically involves multiple brain structures within the midbrain, thalamus, striatum, limbic system, and cortex. Although task specific contributions of each brain region have been identified, neurons responding to reinforcement have been found throughout these structures. We sought to determine if any brain area, or cluster of areas, are the source of information, and if the fidelity of information varies among the areas. We recorded simultaneous field potentials (FPs) in rats from seven brain regions as they completed a binary choice task. The FPs of a 0.5 s window following reinforcement were given as input to a classifier that attempted to predict whether or not the rat received reward on each trial. The classifier correctly categorized reward on 77% of trials. Any region-specific signal could be omitted without lowering accuracy. Frequencies above 40 Hz and signals recorded later than 0.25 s following reinforcement were necessary to achieve this accuracy. Further, the classifier was able to predict reinforcement outcome above chance levels when using FPs from any single recorded brain region. Some combinations of structures, however, were more predictive than others. Analysis of FPs prior to reward revealed most regions reflected the prior probability of reward. Lastly, analyses of information flow suggested reinforcement information does not originate within a single structure of the network, within the resolution afforded by FP recordings. These data suggest reward delivery information is rapidly distributed non-uniformly across the network, and there is no canonical flow of information about reward events in the recorded structures.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Choice Behavior', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Limbic System', 'Machine Learning', 'Male', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Reinforcement, Psychology']
| 31,229,632
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['A08.186.211.180'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['F02.463.425.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stacking for nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.
|
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) is a useful mode in CE for separation and quantification of hydrophobic compounds. However, because of the low conductivity of most of the organic solutions, stacking is not used often in this technique and the sample volume is very limited. As a result of the small sample volume, the detection limits are poor. Furthermore, NACE is affected greatly by the presence of salts in the sample. Here, we show that transient isotachophoresis (t-ITP) can be used easily in this type of electrophoresis to enhance the detection limits and also to reverse the deleterious effects of salts in the sample. Several factors, which affect the stacking in this type of electrophoresis, are described. For example, the presence of salts in the organic solvent, type of sample introduction, and the solvent for the terminating ion were all found to have profound effects on the degree of concentration. Furthermore, the separation time can be shortened by t-ITP.
|
['Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Humans', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Procainamide', 'Salts', 'Sodium Acetate', 'Solvents', 'Tyramine']
| 12,179,981
|
[['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02'], ['D02.065.277.650', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.875', 'D02.241.223.100.100.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.650'], ['D01.786'], ['D02.241.081.018.165.500'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D02.092.211.215.811']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does family experience influence political beliefs? Relation between interparental conflict perceptions and political efficacy in late adolescence.
|
The study examined the relation between adolescents' interparental conflict perceptions and their political efficacy regarding local issues. Longitudinal data (age 15 and 17) from 444 adolescents were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that young people experiencing frequent interparental conflict reported an increase in depressive mood during late adolescence, which was associated with lower level of political efficacy. Moreover, adolescents who felt more efficacious when dealing with fighting parents felt more efficacious in local politics, even when controlling for personality traits and depressive mood. One possible explanation is that family perceptions generalize to politics because both contexts share certain similar features. Our results underscore that also seemingly nonpolitical experiences can matter in adolescents' civic and political development.
|
['Adolescent', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Politics', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Trust']
| 22,024,338
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.658.209'], ['Z01.542'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['I01.738'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F01.829.401.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Expression of CD56 and CD19 in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma and Their Relationship with Karyotypes and Prognosis].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between surface markers of CD56 and CD19 and karyotypes and prognosis in multiple myeloma.METHODS: A total of 126 cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in the first hospital of Peking university from 2011 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. Cytogenetic abnormalities and immunophenotypes were detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry respectively before chemotherapy. Bone marrow smear was used for detection of abnormal plasma cell infiltration. By combining with their basic data, the relationship between immunophenotypes, cytogenetics and prognosis of MM was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) The median of myeloma cells in the 126 patients was 0.24?0.01-0.97?; the median of myeloma cells in 116 patients who have immunophenotype datas was 0.25?0.01-0.97?? the median of myeloma cells in CD19 positive patients was 0.11?0.01-0.53?; the median of myeloma cells in CD19 negative patients was 0.26?0.01-0.97?. The median of myeloma cells in CD19 positive patients was much lower than that in CD19 negative patients?P=0.036?. (2)In 116 patients detected by the immunophenotype, the myeloma cells expressed CD19,CD20,CD56 and CD117. Compared with CD56 negative patients(45/116,38.79%),CD56 positive patients(71/116,61.21%) had a clearly favorable disease outcome?OS was 53.0 month vs 31.0 month,P=0.016; PFS was 37.5 months vs 18.4 months, P=0.036?. (3)CD19 positive patients was 16.38%?19/116?,CD19 negative patients was 83.62%?97/116?? CD19 positive MM and CD19 negative MM had no difference in OS and PFS. (4)CD117 positive rate in CD19 positive patients was 42.11%(8/19), the CD117 positive rate in CD19 negative patients was 18.57%(18/97), the CD19 expression positively correlated with CD117 expression. (5)FISH detection was done for 67 newly diagnosed MM patients, 8 patients showed normal karyotypes(11.94%), 59 patients had abnormal karyotypes(88.06%). The most common abnormal karyotypes were IgH rearragement which occurred in 47 patients(70.15%). Other abnormal karyotypes included 1q21+, del(13q14),del(13q14.3),del(17p13) . These abnormal karyotypes occurred in 37 patients?55.22%?,31 patients?46.27%?,33 patients?49.25%? and 13 patients?19.40%? respectively. In comparison with CD19 negative MM patients, the incidence rate of 1q21+ and del(13q14.3) was significantly lower in CD19 positive patients(1q21+:33.33% vs 61.54%,P=0.016; del(13q14.3): 33.33% vs 53.85%,P=0.043?.CONCLUSION: The prognosis of CD56 positive MM patients is better than that of CD56 negative MM patients, CD19 negative MM has more abnormal karyotypes and bone marrow infiltration,but they have no statistical prognostic differences.
|
['Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Karyotyping', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Prognosis']
| 27,531,777
|
[['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of regulation of high blood pressure on plasma endothelin-1 levels in blacks with hypertension.
|
Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive endothelin-1 (irET-1) are significantly elevated in blacks with hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the regulation of high blood pressure on plasma irET-1 levels in black hypertensive individuals. After the initial blood samples were collected from 20 black patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure (Day 1), an intensive antihypertensive treatment was initiated, and the blood pressure and plasma irET-1 levels were monitored on days 2, 8, and 22. When the high blood pressure was brought under control with commonly used antihypertensive medications, plasma irET-1 concentrations dropped dramatically, suggesting that ET-1 concentrations rise as a consequence of high blood pressure in this study group.
|
['Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Aged', 'Endothelin-1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,832,184
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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