Title stringlengths 1 395 ⌀ | abstractText stringlengths 57 5.98k | meshMajor stringlengths 14 1.03k | pmid int64 22 33.2M | meshid stringlengths 2 3.14k | meshroot stringlengths 2 421 | A int64 0 1 | B int64 0 1 | C int64 0 1 | D int64 0 1 | E int64 0 1 | F int64 0 1 | G int64 0 1 | H int64 0 1 | I int64 0 1 | J int64 0 1 | L int64 0 1 | M int64 0 1 | N int64 0 1 | Z int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coping in Patients With Incurable Lung and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Validation Study of the Brief COPE. | CONTEXT: Patients with incurable cancer engage in several coping styles to manage the impact of cancer and its treatment. The Brief COPE is a widely used measure intended to capture multiple and distinct types of coping. The Brief COPE has not been validated among patients with incurable cancer.OBJECTIVES: We sought to validate seven subscales of the Brief COPE in a large sample of patients newly diagnosed with incurable lung and noncolorectal gastrointestinal cancers (N = 350).METHODS: Participants completed the Brief COPE and measures assessing quality of life (QOL) (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General) and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) within eight weeks of diagnosis of incurable cancer. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE using a confirmatory factor analysis and tests of correlation with the QOL and distress scales.RESULTS: The Brief COPE factors were consistent with the original subscales, although the Behavioral Disengagement Scale had low internal consistency. Factors showed anticipated relationships with QOL and distress measures, except emotional support coping, which was correlated with increased depression and anxiety. We also conducted an exploratory high-order factor analysis to determine if subscales' score variances grouped together. The high-order factor analysis resulted in two factors, with active, emotional support, positive reframing, and acceptance loading onto one factor and denial and self-blame loading onto the second.CONCLUSION: The selected subscales of the Brief COPE are appropriate measures of coping among individuals newly diagnosed with incurable lung and gastrointestinal cancers. | ['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palliative Care', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires'] | 27,725,249 | [['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['F04.711.780'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']] | ['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Sampling date, leaf age and root size: implications for the study of plant C:N:p stoichiometry. | Plant carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C:N:P) ratios are powerful indicators of diverse ecological processes. During plant development and growth, plant C:N:P stoichiometry responds to environmental conditions and physiological constraints. However, variations caused by effects of sampling (i.e. sampling date, leaf age and root size) often have been neglected in previous studies. We investigated the relative contributions of sampling date, leaf age, root size and species identity to stoichiometric flexibility in a field mesocosm study and a natural grassland in Inner Mongolia. We found that sampling date, leaf age, root size and species identity all significantly affected C:N:P stoichiometry both in the pot study as well as in the field. Overall, C:N and C:P ratios increased significantly over time and with increasing leaf age and root size, while the dynamics of N:P ratios depended on species identity. Our results suggest that attempts to synthesize C:N:P stoichiometry data across studies that span regional to global scales and include many species need to better account for temporal variation. | ['Carbon', 'Nitrogen', 'Phosphorus', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Roots', 'Time Factors'] | 23,565,234 | [['D01.268.150'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.268.666'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.400'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Season of birth affects short- and long-term survival. | Recent research findings have highlighted the importance of early life conditions as risk factors for adult diseases and therefore determinants of subsequent survival. Given that individuals born during different seasons in seasonal environments experience different early-developmental conditions, an analysis of the effects of the season of birth on survival is considered an effective approach in clarifying the influence of early life conditions on survival in later life. In the present study, we analyzed the long-term effects of early developmental conditions in a historical population in which both nutritional levels and the burden of infectious diseases showed a seasonal variation. Using a semi-computerized linkage process, we were able to match birth and death data for 4,646 individuals born between 1634 and 1870 in the village of Es Mercadal (Minorca Island, Spain). To determine ecological differences associated with the season of birth, we first evaluated the association between season of birth and early life survival. This analysis helped us to determine seasonal variations in early life conditions such as infectious burden and nutritional levels. The season of birth had a significant effect on long-term survival in the birth cohort 1800-1870: summer births had a lower risk of death after age 15. We explain these results in terms of lower susceptibility to degenerative diseases in adult years due to superior in utero nutrition for summer births. These findings support the fetal origin hypothesis which states that the early life environment plays a key role in shaping the subsequent phenotype and risk of adult disease. | ['Analysis of Variance', 'Cause of Death', 'Environment', 'Geography', 'History, 17th Century', 'History, 18th Century', 'History, 19th Century', 'Humans', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Parturition', 'Seasons', 'Spain', 'Survival Rate'] | 18,186,510 | [['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['H01.277.500'], ['K01.400.504.750'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Predictive toxicology modeling: protocols for exploring hERG classification and Tetrahymena pyriformis end point predictions. | The inclusion and accessibility of different methodologies to explore chemical data sets has been beneficial to the field of predictive modeling, specifically in the chemical sciences in the field of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling. This study discusses using contemporary protocols and QSAR modeling methods to properly model two biomolecular systems that have historically not performed well using traditional and three-dimensional QSAR methodologies. Herein, we explore, analyze, and discuss the creation of a classification human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene (hERG) potassium channel model and a continuous Tetrahymena pyriformis (T. pyriformis) model using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), respectively. The models are constructed with three types of molecular descriptors that capture the gross physicochemical features of the compounds: (i) 2D, 2 1/2D, and 3D physical features, (ii) VolSurf-like molecular interaction fields, and (iii) 4D-Fingerprints. The best hERG SVM model achieved 89% accuracy and the three-best SVM models were able to screen a Pubchem data set with an accuracy of 97%. The best T. pyriformis model had an R(2) value of 0.924 for the training set and was able to predict the continuous end points for two test sets with R(2) values of 0.832 and 0.620, respectively. The studies presented within demonstrate the predictive ability (classification and continuous end points) of QSAR models constructed from curated data sets, biologically relevant molecular descriptors, and Support Vector Machines and Support Vector Regression. The ability of these protocols and methodologies to accommodate large data sets (several thousands compounds) that are chemically diverse - and in the case of classification modeling unbalanced (one experimental outcome dominates the data set) - allows scientists to further explore a remarkable amount of biological and chemical information. | ['Animals', 'ERG1 Potassium Channel', 'Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels', 'Models, Molecular', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Support Vector Machine', 'Tetrahymena pyriformis', 'Toxicology'] | 22,642,982 | [['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500'], ['G17.035.250.500.500.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.500.500'], ['B01.043.185.650.375.750.850.700'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Diagnostic Dilemma in a Case of Diffuse Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation With Vascular Stenosis. | Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is a rare entity, the exact incidence of which is unknown. It can be limited to a single lobe, or it can diffusely involve one or both the lungs. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial, as it is associated with increased frequency of thoracic and neurologic complications. Different diagnostic modalities offer some advantages over the others. None of the reported cases in the literature have associated stenosis of any major artery. We describe a rare case of diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformation limited to a lobe associated with descending pulmonary artery stenosis. | ['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Adolescent', 'Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Echocardiography', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pulmonary Veins', 'Stenosis, Pulmonary Artery'] | 31,877,288 | [['C16.131.077'], ['M01.060.057'], ['C14.240.850.750', 'C14.907.150', 'C16.131.240.850.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.335', 'E01.370.350.567.250', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.568', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.499'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['A07.015.908.713'], ['C14.907.137.825']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for integrating MRI into breast cancer screening for women at high risk. | BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for women at high risk for breast cancer. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of alternative screening strategies involving MRI.METHODS: Using a microsimulation model, we generated life histories under different risk profiles, and assessed the impact of screening on quality-adjusted life-years, and lifetime costs, both discounted at 3%. We compared 12 screening strategies combining annual or biennial MRI with mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE) in intervals of 0.5, 1, or 2 years vs without, and reported incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).RESULTS: Based on an ICER threshold of $100,000/QALY, the most cost-effective strategy for women at 25% lifetime risk was to stagger MRI and mammography plus CBE every year from age 30 to 74, yielding ICER $58,400 (compared to biennial MRI alone). At 50% lifetime risk and with 70% reduction in MRI cost, the recommended strategy was to stagger MRI and mammography plus CBE every 6 months (ICER=$84,400). At 75% lifetime risk, the recommended strategy is biennial MRI combined with mammography plus CBE every 6 months (ICER=$62,800).CONCLUSIONS: The high costs of MRI and its lower specificity are limiting factors for annual screening schedule of MRI, except for women at sufficiently high risk. | ['Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Risk Factors'] | 25,137,022 | [['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Long-term prognosis of Chinese patients with a lacunar infarct associated with small vessel disease: a five-year longitudinal study. | RATIONALE: Lacunar infarct associated with small vessel disease is a common stroke subtype in China and has a favorable short-term prognosis. Data on its long-term prognosis among Chinese patients are lacking.AIMS: We aimed to study its long-term prognosis and predictors for poor outcomes.DESIGN: We followed up to 75 consecutive Chinese stroke patients who had a lacunar infarct for a period of 5 years. Clinical outcomes with respect to mortality and recurrent stroke were noted. We evaluated baseline clinical and imaging predictors for such outcomes using the Cox regression analysis.STUDY OUTCOMES: Sixteen (21.3%) patients died and 12 (16%) patients had recurrent stroke during follow-up. Twenty-one (28%) patients had combined events of either death and/or recurrent stroke. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, literacy, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, incident stroke/transient ischemic attack, and white matter lesion volume predicted survival, while, age, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, systolic blood pressure, hyperhomocysteinemia, silent lacunes, microbleeds, and white matter lesion volume predicted recurrent stroke. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.48) and white matter lesion volume (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.11-1.92) predicted combined events of mortality and/or recurrent stroke after age adjustment.CONCLUSION: Approximately one in four patients either died and/or had recurrent stroke within 5 years after a lacunar infarct. Age, stroke severity, and volume of white matter lesion predict a poor long-term prognosis. | ['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Blood Vessels', 'Brain Infarction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors'] | 19,383,047 | [['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['A07.015'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477', 'C14.907.253.855.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250', 'C23.550.717.489.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']] | ['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
P53 in breast carcinomas: association between presence of mutation and immunohistochemical expression using a semiquantitative approach. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between the presence of p53 mutations in breast carcinomas expressing the protein by immunohistochemistry. A series of 60 breast carcinomas was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against p53 protein (DO 7 and PAb 1801). Twenty cases classified as being positive for p53 according to the current approach (if 5% or more of neoplastic cells contained reaction product in the nucleus) were used for molecular studies. These cases were re-assessed semi-quantitatively using a scoring system based on intensity and percentage of stained cells. DNA was phenol-chloroform extracted from microdissected normal and tumour cells obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Mutations in the p53 gene were analysed by SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism) with primers covering exons 2-3 to 11. Ten out of the 20 p53-positive cases presented mutations detected by SSCP analysis. Mutations have been found in several exons ranging from exon 4 to exon 10. We observed a positive relationship between the presence of mutations and immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 protein expression using a semiquantitative scoring system. All cases with more than 2/3 stained tumour cells and strong intensity of staining exhibited p53 mutations. At variance, no p53 mutations were found in cases with less than 1/3 stained tumour cells and moderate intensity of staining. Therefore, only the identification of positivity for p53 detected by immunohistochemistry did not always reflect the detection of p53 mutations in breast cancer, however the use of a semi-quantitative approach seems to be useful as an indicator of the presence of mutation. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53'] | 9,894,246 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Theorising stigma and the experiences of injecting drug users in Australia. | This paper examines the stigma of injecting drug use as an underlying factor in the poor health status of Australian injecting drug users. Drawing on various models of stigma described in the literature, we examine injecting drug users' experiences. As a case study, examples from Victorian (specifically Melbourne) policy and practice are included to exemplify community and societal attitudes towards injecting drug users and the implications of these for injecting drug user health. We conclude that redressing the negative effects of stigma requires political will, financial support, increased community commitment and a better understanding of the links between the social determinant of health and the poor health status ofinjecting drug users. Without reducing the stigma of injecting drug use the health of this marginalised population is likely to get worse, which will have broader negative population health effects. | ['Attitude to Health', 'Australia', 'Drug Users', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Social Stigma', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Victoria'] | 21,128,572 | [['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['M01.169'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['Z01.639.100.992', 'Z01.678.100.373.992']] | ['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Caecal bascule--a potential clinical and radiological pitfall. Case reports. | Caecal volvulus is usually associated with a twisted caecum, seen to occupy the umbilical area or left hypochondrium on radiography. Caecal bascule refers to the form of volvulus in which the distended caecum is situated within the pelvis. The caecal bascule type of obstruction is uncommon, and clinical and radiological appearances may be confusing. Two cases are presented and the incidence, pathogenesis and radiological features are discussed. | ['Adult', 'Cecal Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Radiography'] | 715,600 | [['M01.060.116'], ['C06.405.469.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['E01.370.350.700']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of tetrahydroxamic acid chelators for stable complexation of zirconium(IV). | Metals of interest for biomedical applications often need to be complexed and associated in a stable manner with a targeting agent before use. Whereas the fundamentals of most transition-metal complexation processes have been thoroughly studied, the complexation of Zr(IV) has been somewhat neglected. This metal has received growing attention in recent years, especially in nuclear medicine, with the use of (89) Zr, which a â(+) -emitter with near ideal characteristics for cancer imaging. However, the best chelating agent known for this radionuclide is the trishydroxamate desferrioxamine B (DFB), the Zr(IV) complex of which exhibits suboptimal stability, resulting in the progressive release of (89) Zr in vivo. Based on a recent report demonstrating the higher thermodynamic stability of the tetrahydroxamate complexes of Zr(IV) compared with the trishydroxamate complexes analogues to DFB, we designed a series of tetrahydroxamic acids of varying geometries for improved complexation of this metal. Three macrocycles differing in their cavity size (28 to 36-membered rings) were synthesized by using a ring-closing metathesis strategy, as well as their acyclic analogues. A solution study with (89) Zr showed the complexation to be more effective with increasing cavity size. Evaluation of the kinetic inertness of these new complexes in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution showed significantly improved stabilities of the larger chelates compared with (89) Zr-DFB, whereas the smaller complexes suffered from insufficient stabilities. These results were rationalized by a quantum chemical study. The lower stability of the smaller chelates was attributed to ring strain, whereas the better stability of the larger cyclic complexes was explained by the macrocyclic effect and by the structural rigidity. Overall, these new chelating agents open new perspectives for the safe and efficient use of (89) Zr in nuclear imaging, with the best chelators providing dramatically improved stabilities compared with the reference DFB. | ['Chelating Agents', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Deferoxamine', 'Edetic Acid', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Hydroxamic Acids', 'Kinetics', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radioisotopes', 'Zirconium'] | 24,740,517 | [['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D02.092.570.394.265', 'D02.241.511.372.265'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D02.092.570.394', 'D02.241.511.372'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D01.496.749'], ['D01.268.556.950', 'D01.268.956.937', 'D01.552.544.950']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Biotechnological production and functional characterization of leukocytic cytokine(s) with cytotoxic effect on resting but not activated thymocytes. | In the present report we describe the analysis of suppressive and cytotoxic factor(s) derived from Con A-induced porcine leukocyte culture supernatant solution(s) (PCAS). The supernatant solution(s) had been produced on a biotechnological scale using porcine peripheral blood leukocytes isolated from 200 to 1000 1 of porcine blood. The supernatant solution(s) were tested for their effect during murine T cell activation. We found that crude supernatant solution(s) contain suppressive and cytotoxic factor(s) (SF) which have a similar selectivity for non-activated thymocytes as suppressive factor(s) previously detected in the supernatant solution(s) of allo-antigen-stimulated murine spleen cell cultures. SF was obtained from crude serum-free culture supernatants by fractionated ammonium-sulphate precipitation between 35 and 45% saturation. SF has the following characteristics: its release into the culture supernatant is dependent on mitogenic stimulation, it acts during early stages of T lymphocytic activation, the activity towards naive thymocytes is most likely caused by an irreversible cytolytic mechanism, and phenotypically and functionally immature thymocytes are preferentially affected through exposure to SF. | ['Animals', 'Biological Products', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cytokines', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lectins', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Peanut Agglutinin', 'Swine', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland', 'Trypsin'] | 3,891,593 | [['B01.050'], ['D20.215'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G12.287'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.300'], ['G12.535.425'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.776.503'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.503.499.625', 'D12.776.765.678.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Histochemical and ultrastructural study of renal cortical necrosis in rats treated with oestrone + vasopressin, and its prevention with a vasopressin antagonist. | Renal cortical necrosis was induced by the administration of vasopressin to oestrogen-pretreated rats. Histochemical (succinic dehydrogenase, trichrome, perjod acid Schiff) and electronmicroscopic methods were applied to examine how the vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Met)AVP influences the development of this renal cortical necrosis. The experiments revealed that vasopressin did not induce hypoxia or necrosis in the renal tubules if the antagonist was administered simultaneously, even after oestrogen pretreatment. The conclusion is drawn that this pressor antagonist may be of value for the prevention of renal cortical necrosis in rats or in human beings. | ['Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Estrone', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Cortex Necrosis', 'Lypressin', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains'] | 3,814,500 | [['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.414', 'D04.210.500.578.502.497', 'D06.472.040.502.497', 'D06.472.334.851.437.996'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.393', 'C13.351.968.419.393'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.400', 'D12.644.400.900.400', 'D12.644.456.925.480', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.400', 'D12.776.631.650.937.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Homocysteine and lipid metabolism in atherogenesis: effect of the homocysteine thiolactonyl derivatives, thioretinaco and thioretinamide. | In order to study the relation of homocysteine and lipid metabolism to atherogenesis, rabbits were fed a synthetic atherogenic diet and treated with parenteral thioretinaco (N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin), thioretinamide (N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide) or homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride. All three substances were found to increase dietary atherogenesis. Thioretinaco and thioretinamide increase total homocysteine of serum, but there is no effect of parenteral homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride on serum homocysteine. The synthetic diet with corn oil significantly lowers serum homocysteine, compared either to baseline chow diet or to the synthetic diet with butter. Atherogenesis is correlated with total homocysteine, total cholesterol and LDL + VLDL cholesterol, and serum homocysteine is correlated with total cholesterol, LDL + VLDL, and HDL cholesterol in the total sample. Both synthetic diets elevate serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL + VLDL, but not HDL, compared to baseline values. Thioretinamide causes significant elevation of cholesterol and LDL + VLDL, compared to controls. The results show that increased dietary saturated fat and cholesterol cause deposition of lipids within the arteriosclerotic plaques produced by homocysteine, converting fibrous to fibrolipid plaques. Facilitation of atherogenesis is attributed to the effect of homocysteine on artery wall, either from parenteral homocysteine or from the increased synthesis of homocysteine from methionine, produced by thioretinaco and thioretinamide. | ['Animals', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Diet, Atherogenic', 'Homocysteine', 'Lipids', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Rabbits', 'Tretinoin', 'Vitamin B 12'] | 2,242,097 | [['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['G07.203.650.240.242'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['D10'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cryptococcal meningitis post autologous stem cell transplantation. | Disseminated Cryptococcus disease occurs in patients with defective T-cell immunity. Cryptococcal meningitis following autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) has been described previously in only 1 patient, 4 months post SCT and while off antifungal prophylaxis. We present a unique case of Cryptococcus meningitis pre-engraftment after autologous SCT, while the patient was receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. A 41-year-old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma underwent autologous SCT. Post-transplant prophylaxis consisted of fluconazole 400 mg daily, levofloxacin 500 mg daily, and acyclovir 800 mg twice daily. On day 9 post transplant, he developed fever and headache. Peripheral white blood cell count (WBC) was 700/ìL. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed lesions consistent with meningoencephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed a WBC of 39 with 77% lymphocytes, protein 63, glucose 38, CSF pressure 20.5 cmH2 O, and a positive cryptococcal antigen. CSF culture confirmed Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/kg intravenously daily, and flucytosine 37.5 mg/kg orally every 6 h. He was switched to fluconazole 400 mg daily after 3 weeks of amphotericin therapy, with sterilization of the CSF with negative CSFCryptococcus antigen and negative CSF culture. Review of the literature revealed 9 cases of cryptococcal disease in recipients of SCT. Median time of onset was 64 days post transplant. Only 3 meningitis cases were described; 2 of them after allogeneic SCT. Fungal prophylaxis with fluconazole post autologous SCT is recommended at least through engraftment, and for up to 100 days in high-risk patients. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose and treat opportunistic infections, especially in the face of immunosuppression and despite adequate prophylaxis. Infection is usually fatal without treatment, thus prompt diagnosis and therapy might be life saving. | ['Adult', 'Amphotericin B', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Fluconazole', 'Flucytosine', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Meningitis, Cryptococcal', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Transplantation, Autologous'] | 24,750,320 | [['M01.060.116'], ['D02.540.576.500.500'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D03.383.129.799.450'], ['D03.383.742.698.421.431'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C01.150.703.181.500.500', 'C01.150.703.248.290', 'C01.207.198.500.500', 'C10.228.228.198.500.500', 'C10.228.614.300.500'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['E04.936.664']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Revascularization by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty improved abruptly deteriorated ischaemic symptoms in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. | We report a patient with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, who had a 3-year history of recurrent leg and foot ulcers. Symptoms of ischaemia in the left foot, including severe pain, coldness, paraesthesia and violaceous discoloration, deteriorated abruptly, because of complete occlusion of the left anterior tibial artery. The occluded segment was revascularized by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, resulting in a dramatic improvement in the ischaemic symptoms. | ['Angioplasty', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Leg Ulcer', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyarteritis Nodosa', 'Radiography', 'Skin', 'Tibial Arteries'] | 21,463,351 | [['E02.148.050', 'E04.100.814.529.124', 'E04.502.382.124', 'E05.157.016'], ['C14.907.137'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['C17.800.893.592'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.940.090.720', 'C14.907.940.897.500', 'C17.800.862.625'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A17.815'], ['A07.015.114.895']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Left atrial myxoma associated with severe congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and multiple organ insufficiency. | We have experienced a case of left atrial (LA) myxoma with rapid progression of congestive heart failure and ensuing multiple organ insufficiency. After the tumor excision, the hemodynamic derangement was totally corrected and the patient dramatically recovered from kidney, liver, and lung insufficiency. Specifically, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and central venous pressure (CVP) significantly decreased in the intensive care unit. Administration of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was effective in treating residual pulmonary hypertension. | ['Adult', 'Alprostadil', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Myxoma', 'Vasodilator Agents'] | 8,627,990 | [['M01.060.116'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C14.280.434'], ['C04.588.894.309', 'C14.280.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['C04.557.450.565.550'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
[Compositions and residual properties of petroleum hydrocarbon in contaminated soil of the oilfields]. | The aims of this study were to determine the compositions and residual properties of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil, as well as to identify the source and weathering degree of the pollution. A total of 5 producing wells in Gudao and Hekou oil producing region of Shengli oilfields were analyzed. More than 50 individual target compounds including straight-and branched-chain alkanes( n-alkanes, pristine and phytane) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples and crude oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The percentages of chain alkanes and PAHs in total solvent extractable matters(TSEM) of soil samples were both much lower than those in the crude oil samples. The compositions of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil samples differed from those in crude oil, which indicated the n-alkanes with carbon numbers <12 were much easier to lose in contrast to the n-alkanes with high carbon numbers. With n-octadecane/phytane as index for the weathering rate of oil contaminated soils, the relationship between the index and petroleum hydrocarbon compounds was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the n-alkanes with carbon numbers > 33 and the PAHs with rings between 3 and 5 were much harder to degrade. PCA of 4 indexes for source identification revealed more than 50% of the soil samples were polluted by crude oil, which needs more attention during remediation. | ['Alkanes', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Hydrocarbons', 'Petroleum', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Solvents'] | 24,720,209 | [['D02.455.326.146'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D02.455'], ['D20.345.630', 'N06.230.132.258.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D27.720.844']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Injection of intrathecal normal saline in decreasing postdural puncture headache. | PURPOSE: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common and still unresolved postoperative complication of spinal anesthesia. Although there are several positive results of intrathecal saline injection for the treatment of PDPH and prophylaxis after accidental dural puncture, the effect of deliberate intrathecal saline injection before spinal anesthesia has not been examined. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic administration of intrathecal normal saline in decreasing PDPH.METHODS: One hundred healthy women (ASA physical status I) of age between 18 and 35 years scheduled for elective term cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were included. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group C received 2.5 ml (12.5 mg) hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5 % as a control, and group S received intrathecal normal saline 5 ml before intrathecal injection of 2.5 ml (12.5 mg) hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. The incidence and severity of PDPH were assessed after 48 h and again 3-7 days after operation.RESULTS: Basal characteristics were statistically similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The incidences of moderate and severe PDPH during first postoperative 48 h were not different between the groups (P = 0.24). However, the frequency of PDPH after 3-7 days was statistically higher in group C in compared with group S (16 vs. 2 %, P = 0.03). Totally the frequency of PDPH was higher in group C (24 vs. 2%, P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: Administration of normal saline (5 ml) before intrathecal administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine as a preventive approach is an effective and simple way to minimize PDPH in patients undergoing cesarean section. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Bupivacaine', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Post-Dural Puncture Headache', 'Pregnancy', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Young Adult'] | 23,903,901 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.331'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['D02.065.199.239', 'D02.092.146.113.239'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['C10.228.140.546.699.124'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: In vitro and in vivo study. | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). SUI, an involuntary leakage of urine, is due to physical stress involving an increase in bladder pressure and a damage of external urethral sphincter affecting muscles and nerves. Conventional therapies can only relieve the symptoms. Human DPSCs are characterized by peculiar stemness and immunomodulatory properties and might provide an alternative tool for SUI therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro phase: hDPSCs were induced towards the myogenic commitment following a 24 hours pre-conditioning with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), then differentiation was evaluated. In vivo phase: pudendal nerve was transected in female rats to induce stress urinary incontinence; then, pre-differentiated hDPSCs were injected in the striated urethral sphincter. Four weeks later, urethral sphincter regeneration was assayed through histological, functional and immunohistochemical analyses.RESULTS: Human DPSCs were able to commit towards myogenic lineage in vitro and, four weeks after cell injection, hDPSCs engrafted in the external urethral sphincter whose thickness was almost recovered, committed towards myogenic lineage in vivo, promoted vascularization and an appreciable recovery of the continence. Moreover, hDPSCs were detected within the nerve, suggesting their participation in repair of transected nerve.CONCLUSIONS: These promising data and further investigations on immunomodulatory abilities of hDPSCs would allow to make them a potential tool for alternative therapies of SUI. | ['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Dental Pulp', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Rats', 'Stem Cells', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress'] | 31,553,127 | [['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A14.549.167.900.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A11.872'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The diagnostic value of water immersion skin wrinkling and Neuropads in small fiber neuropathy. | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic yield of two simple tests for small fiber neuropathy (SFN): Neuropads® and water immersion skin wrinkling (WISW).METHODS: We studied 35 patients clinically diagnosed with SFN and 61 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Wrinkling was judged as absent (abnormal), or present (normal) after immersion of the hands for 30 min. Neuropads are plasters impregnated with cobalt blue that are applied with to the soles of the feet. These remain blue when feet are dry (abnormal) or turn pink when there is some moisture (normal).RESULTS: The sensitivity of the Neuropad was 29% and its specificity 93%. The sensitivity of WISW was 66% and its specificity 70%. Regarding abnormality of at least one test to define the combination as abnormal yielded a sensitivity of 71% and specificity 67%. When both tests had to be abnormal to judge the combination abnormal, sensitivity was 23% and specificity 97%.CONCLUSIONS: The Neuropad has a high specificity, so an abnormal result can be used to confirm SFN. WISW has a moderate sensitivity and specificity. Combining these two tests can be helpful: when both tests are abnormal the diagnosis SFN is highly likely.SIGNIFICANCE: The Neuropad and WISW can be helpful in daily practice by supporting the diagnosis SFN. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immersion', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Polyneuropathies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Water'] | 22,475,982 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.466'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['C10.668.829.800'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Neuronal heparan sulfates promote amyloid pathology by modulating brain amyloid-â clearance and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. | Accumulation of amyloid-â (Aâ) peptide in the brain is the first critical step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies in humans suggest that Aâ clearance from the brain is frequently impaired in late-onset AD. Aâ accumulation leads to the formation of Aâ aggregates, which injure synapses and contribute to eventual neurodegeneration. Cell surface heparan sulfates (HSs), expressed on all cell types including neurons, have been implicated in several features in the pathogenesis of AD including its colocalization with amyloid plaques and modulatory role in Aâ aggregation. We show that removal of neuronal HS by conditional deletion of the Ext1 gene, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in postnatal neurons of amyloid model APP/PS1 mice led to a reduction in both Aâ oligomerization and the deposition of amyloid plaques. In vivo microdialysis experiments also detected an accelerated rate of Aâ clearance in the brain interstitial fluid, suggesting that neuronal HS either inhibited or represented an inefficient pathway for Aâ clearance. We found that the amounts of various HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) were increased in postmortem human brain tissues from AD patients, suggesting that this pathway may contribute directly to amyloid pathogenesis. Our findings have implications for AD pathogenesis and provide insight into therapeutic interventions targeting Aâ-HSPG interactions. | ['Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Mice', 'Neurons', 'Protein Aggregation, Pathological'] | 27,030,596 | [['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C23.550.770', 'G02.111.675']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Six year audit of cardiac arrests and medical emergency team calls in an Australian outer metropolitan teaching hospital. | PROBLEM: In-hospital cardiac arrest often represents failure of optimal clinical care. The use of medical emergency teams to prevent such events is controversial. In-hospital cardiac arrests have been reduced in several single centre historical control studies, but the only randomised prospective study showed no such benefit. In our hospital an important problem was failure to call the medical emergency team or cardiac arrest team when, before in-hospital cardiac arrest, patients had fulfilled the criteria for calling the team.DESIGN: Single centre, prospective audit of cardiac arrests and data on use of the medical emergency team during 2000 to 2005.SETTING: 400 bed general outer suburban metropolitan teaching hospital.STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE: Three initiatives in the hospital to improve use of the medical emergency team: orientation programme for first year doctors, professional development course for medical registrars, and the evolving role of liaison intensive care unit nurses.KEY MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT: Incidence of cardiac arrests. EFFECTS OF THE CHANGE: Incidence of cardiac arrests decreased 24% per year, from 2.4/1000 admissions in 2000 to 0.66/1000 admissions in 2005.LESSONS LEARNT: Medical emergency teams can be efficacious when supported with a multidisciplinary, multifaceted education system for clinical staff. | ['Emergency Medicine', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Emergency Treatment', 'Heart Arrest', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Medical Audit', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Patient Care Team', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Staff Development', 'Victoria'] | 18,048,504 | [['H02.403.250'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['E02.365'], ['C14.280.383'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['N04.590.715'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822'], ['Z01.639.100.992', 'Z01.678.100.373.992']] | ['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Fecal occult blood testing and the incidence of colorectal cancer. | OBJECTIVE: The objective of this abstract is to demonstrate by life table methodology a significant reduction in the mean annual incidence rate of colorectal cancer in randomized groups with annual or biennial screening for fecal occult blood, as compared with the annual incidence rate in the control group.BACKGROUND: Testing for the presence of fecal occult blood has long been used for the early detection of colorectal polyps and potential cancers. The Minnesota Colon Cancer Study, in an earlier report, has shown that colorectal cancer mortality was significantly reduced, but a 12% reduction in incidence of colorectal cancer was not statistically significant. Follow-up in the Minnesota Study has now been extended to 18 years for augmented incidence results, which have now been reported in the source article and in this morbidity abstract.RESULTS: Subjects in Minnesota were recruited in 1975-1978 and randomized into annual or biennial screening for fecal occult blood, and a control group receiving "usual care." Screening was continued 1976-1982, discontinued, then resumed 1986-1992. During 18 years of follow-up, about 235,000 person-years of exposure were accumulated in each randomized group, with 417 and 435 cases of colorectal cancer in each of the screening groups and 507 cases in the control group.CONCLUSION: Aggregate mean annual incidence rates of colorectal cancer were significantly lower in both screening groups than in the control group, as shown in Table 1. In the source article the same was true for the 18-year cumulative incidence rates, which were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001 for the annual screening group and p = 0.002 for the biennial screening group). | ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Life Tables', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Minnesota', 'Occult Blood'] | 15,305,783 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.308.985.475', 'E05.318.740.100.500', 'N01.224.935.530', 'N06.850.505.400.975.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.475'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['E01.370.225.925', 'E05.200.925']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) acquired in Southwestern Germany. | BACKGROUND: Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) was first described in 1997 in a patient in France. The causative agent, Rickettsia slovaca, is transmitted by Dermacentor ticks.CASE PRESENTATION: In southwestern Germany we encountered a patient with a tick bite at the dorsal scalp that resulted in an eschar and nuchal lymphadenopathy. Additionally, fever, malaise as well as elevated inflammatory markers and transaminases occurred. The characteristic clinical picture along with positive antibody testing for rickettsiae of the tick-borne spotted fever group strongly suggest the diagnosis TIBOLA.CONCLUSION: Human rickettsioses are emerging infections. Clinicians should be aware of TIBOLA as a newly described rickettsial disease. As in our case, TIBOLA may be encountered in regions/countries where R. slovaca and Dermacentor ticks are prevalent but autochthonous acquisition was not described before. | ['Aged', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Arachnid Vectors', 'Dermacentor', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Rickettsia', 'Rickettsia Infections'] | 21,663,601 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.100', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.100'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.200'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604'], ['B03.660.050.783.875.650.650'], ['C01.150.252.400.789.725', 'C01.920.914.725']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Identification of MOR-Positive B Cell as Possible Innovative Biomarker (Mu Lympho-Marker) for Chronic Pain Diagnosis in Patients with Fibromyalgia and Osteoarthritis Diseases. | Fibromyalgia (FM) diagnosis follows the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, based on clinical evaluation and written questionnaires without any objective diagnostic tool. The lack of specific biomarkers is a tragic aspect for FM and chronic pain diseases in general. Interestingly, the endogenous opioid system is close to the immune one because of the expression of opioid receptors on lymphocytes membrane. Here we analyzed the role of the Mu opioid receptor on B lymphocytes as a specific biomarker for FM and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We enrolled three groups of females: FM patients, OA patients (chronic pain control group) and healthy subjects (pain-free negative control group). We collected blood samples to apply immunophenotyping analysis. Written tests were administrated for psychological analysis. Data were statistically analyzed. Final results showed that the percentage of Mu-positive B cells were statistically lower in FM and OA patients than in pain-free subjects. A low expression of Mu-positive B cell was not associated with the psychological characteristics investigated. In conclusion, here we propose the percentage of Mu-positive B cells as a biological marker for an objective diagnosis of chronic pain suffering patients, also contributing to the legitimacy of FM as a truly painful disease. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Biomarkers', 'Chronic Pain', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Fibromyalgia', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Pain Management', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Young Adult'] | 32,098,316 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D23.101'], ['C23.888.592.612.274'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C05.651.324', 'C05.799.321', 'C10.668.491.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Evaluation of cholinergic markers in Alzheimer's disease and in a model of cholinergic deficit. | Cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been closely related to cholinergic deficits. We have compared different markers of cholinergic function to assess the best biomarker of cognitive deficits associated to cholinergic hypoactivity. In post-mortem frontal cortex from AD patients, acetylcholine (ACh) levels, cholinacetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were all reduced compared to controls. Both ChAT and AChE activity showed a significant correlation with cognitive deficits. In the frontal cortex of rats with a selective cholinergic lesion, all cholinergic parameters measured (ACh levels, ChAT and AChE activities, "in vitro" and "in vivo" basal ACh release) were significantly reduced. AChE activity was associated to ChAT activity, and even more, to "in vivo" and "in vitro" basal ACh release. Quantification of AChE activity is performed by an easy and cheap method and therefore, these results suggest that determination of AChE activity may be used as an effective first step method to evaluate cholinergic deficits. | ['Acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholinesterase', 'Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunotoxins', 'Male', 'Mental Status Schedule', 'N-Glycosyl Hydrolases', 'Postmortem Changes', 'Rats', 'Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1', 'Saporins', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Sulfatases', 'Time Factors'] | 15,664,119 | [['D02.092.211.111'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170.176'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.101'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580.450', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580.450', 'D27.888.569.257.500'], ['F04.711.513.603.500', 'F04.711.513.653.574'], ['D08.811.277.450.430'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.500', 'D12.776.765.710.500'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.500.500', 'D12.776.765.710.500.250'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['D08.811.277.352.827'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
[Detection and characterization of a levansucrase and a sucrase in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola]. | Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a plant pathogenic pseudomonad, possesses two sucrose-splitting enzymes, a levansucrase and a sucrase. The levansucrase is found both extracellularly and intracellularly, and enzyme synthesis is independent of the carbon source. In addition to levansucrase, cells grown on sucrose contain a sucrase. The two sucrose-splitting enzymes differ in their optimum pH value and optimum temperature as well as in their substrate specificities. | ['Hexosyltransferases', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Pseudomonas', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Sucrase', 'Temperature'] | 3,236,222 | [['D08.811.913.400.450'], ['G02.300'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D08.811.277.450.329.738'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Stump sensibility in children with upper limb reduction deficiency. | OBJECTIVES: To compare stump sensibility in children with upper limb reduction deficiency with sensibility of the unaffected arm and hand. In addition, to evaluate the associations between stump sensibility, stump length and activity level.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SUBJECTS: Children and young adults aged 6-25 years with upper limb reduction deficiency.METHODS: Threshold of touch was measured with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, stereognosis was measured with the Shape-Texture Identification test and kinaesthesia and activity level was measured with the Child Amputee Prosthetics Project - Functional Status Inventory and the Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index.RESULTS: A total of 31 children with upper limb reduction deficiency (mean age 15 years, 3 prosthesis wearers) were investigated. The threshold of touch of the stump circumference was lower (indicating higher sensibility) than of the unaffected arm (p = 0.006), hand (p = 0.004) and stump end-point (p = < 0.001). Long stumps had higher threshold of touch (indicating lower sensibility) than short stumps (p = 0.046). Twenty-nine children recognized 1 or more shapes or textures with the stump. Kinaesthesia in the affected and unaffected sides was comparable. Sensibility was not correlated with activity level.CONCLUSION: Threshold of touch, stereognosis and kinaesthesia of the affected sides were excellent. Threshold of touch of the stump circumference was lower (indicating higher sensibility) than of the unaffected arm and hand. High stump sensibility may clarify good functioning in the children without prostheses and contribute to prosthesis rejection. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amputation Stumps', 'Amputees', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinesthesis', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Stereognosis', 'Touch', 'Upper Extremity', 'Young Adult'] | 24,036,887 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.100'], ['M01.150.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.830.816.541.504', 'G11.561.790.541.587'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F02.463.593.373.765', 'F02.463.593.894.500'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['A01.378.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Children who witness violence, and parent report of children's behavior. | OBJECTIVES: To examine how much distress children report in response to violence that they have witnessed and how this is associated with parental reports of children's behavior.METHODS: As part of a study of in utero exposure to cocaine, children completed the Levonn interview for assessing children's symptoms of distress in response to witnessing violence. The children's caregivers completed the Exposure to Violence Interview (EVI), a caretaker-report measure of the child's exposure to violent events during the last 12 months. The EVI was analyzed as a 3-level variable: no exposure, low exposure, and high exposure. The caregivers also completed the Children's Behavior Checklist (CBCL).RESULTS: Of 94 six-year-old children, 58% had no exposure to violence, 36% had low exposure to violence, and 6% had high exposure to violence, according to caretaker reports. The children's median+/-SD Levonn score was 64 (SD +/- 19.3). The mean SD +/- CBCL total T-score was 53 (SD +/- 10.2). In multiple regression analyses with gender, low and high exposure on EVI, Levonn, and prenatal cocaine exposure status as predictors, the Levonn score explained 4.8% of total variance in children's CBCL internalizing scores, 9.1% of the total variance in CBCL externalizing score, and 12.2% of the total variance in CBCL total score (P =.04, P =.004, and P<.001, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: After accounting for the caretaker's report of the level of the child's exposure to violence, the child's own report significantly increased the amount of variance in predicting child behavior problems with the CBCL. These findings indicate that clinicians and researchers should elicit children's own accounts of exposure to violence in addition to the caretakers' when attempting to understand children's behavior. | ['Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Urban Population', 'Violence'] | 12,144,371 | [['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['C25.775.300', 'F03.900.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N01.600.900'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Differences in the metabolic status of healthy adults with and without active brown adipose tissue. | BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proven the existence of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adults; however, its effect on systematic metabolism remains unclear.AIM: The current study was designed to investigate the differences in the metabolic profiles of healthy adults with and without active BAT using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans in the un-stimulated state.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess the health of adults using PET-CT whole-body scans at Huashan Hospital Medical Centre between November 2009 and May 2010. A total of 62 healthy adults with active BAT were enrolled in the BAT-positive group. For each positive subject, a same-gender individual who underwent PET-CT the same day and who had no detectable BAT was chosen as the negative control. Body composition was measured, and blood samples were collected for assays of metabolic profiles and other biomarkers.RESULTS: In both the male and female groups, BAT-positive individuals were younger and had lower body mass indexes, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin, but a greater level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the negative controls. In the male group, body fat content and levels of tumor necrosis factor-á were significantly lower in the BAT-positive than in the negative control group.CONCLUSIONS: The healthy adults with active BAT in an un-stimulated state had favorable metabolic profiles suggesting that active BAT may be a potential target for preventing and treating obesity and other metabolic disorders. | ['Adipose Tissue, Brown', 'Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Composition', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reference Values'] | 24,146,327 | [['A10.165.114.322'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.978.810']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Predictors of massive blood transfusion: a Delphi Study to examine the views of experts. | BACKGROUND: Trauma patients requiring massive blood transfusion (MBT) have high morbidity and mortality: early and aggressive use of blood products during immediate resuscitation may improve survival. There is currently a lack of evidence to guide initial identification of these patients which is especially important in areas where plasma may need to be thawed. In the absence of this evidence, this study aimed to robustly evaluate expert opinion by using a Delphi process to identify predictors of massive transfusion. This process can be used to ensure that decision rules include variables that have clinical validity, which may improve translation of rules into clinical practice.METHODS: An international panel of 35 experts was identified through expert advice against specific criteria. Military and civilian experts from the fields of emergency medicine, critical care, anaesthesia, prehospital care, haematology and general/trauma surgery were included. The Delphi Study was carried out over three rounds. Consensus level was predefined at 80%.RESULTS: 195 statements were generated by the panel of which 97 (49.7%) achieved consensus at the 80% level by the end of round 3. Strikingly no clinical observations reached consensus individually. Metabolic acidosis of a base excess of -5.0 or worse, lactate >5 mmol/L and a low haematocrit on arrival were all considered predictive. Some patterns of injury, but few mechanisms of injury, were considered highly predictive of the need of MBT.CONCLUSIONS: This Delphi process has produced a list of parameters that expert clinicians felt were predictive for MBT. This list can be used to inform the generation of decision rules. It is of note that many factors used in current decision rules were not valued by clinical experts-this may be a cause for poor uptake of those rules. | ['Blood Transfusion', 'Delphi Technique', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Resuscitation', 'Risk Assessment', 'Wounds and Injuries'] | 28,320,917 | [['E02.095.135'], ['L01.906.197'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.365.647'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C26']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
[Beta-endorphin and endogenous alcohol level of the blood in alcoholic patients]. | Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the blood content of beta-endorphines in patients with chronic alcoholism. The concentration of endogenous ethanol in these patients was determined by gas chromatography. The blood concentration of beta-endorphines was found to be high in patients who showed atypical affective disorders off the period of abstinence. It is assumed that peripheral beta-endorphine is not linked with the development of the narcomanic syndrome proper but mirrors the pathogenetic mechanisms of psychopathological disorders. The levels of endogenous ethanol vary in alcoholics and healthy subjects within the same ranges. However, the percentage distribution indicates that in patients, they are shifted toward lower concentrations, which is likely to be conditioned by the induction of enzymatic systems that metabolize ethanol. | ['Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Endorphins', 'Ethanol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychopathology', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Time Factors', 'beta-Endorphin'] | 6,095,946 | [['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['D12.644.400.575.241', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.096.670'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.239', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.239', 'D12.644.400.400.935.239', 'D12.644.400.575.241.080', 'D12.644.548.365.935.239', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.239', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.239', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241.080']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Evaluating subchronic toxicity of fluoxastrobin using earthworms (Eisenia fetida). | Potential toxicity to soil organisms by fluoxastrobin, a new strobilurin-type fungicide has drawn increasing attention. Thus, the present study investigated the subchronic toxicity induced by exposure to several concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, and 2.5 mg kg-1) of fluoxastrobin to earthworms on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Biochemical indicators (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, activities of antioxidase and detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase), lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde) and degree of DNA damage) were measured. No earthworm deaths were observed during the entire experimental period. For ROS and malonaldehyde, the bioassay values of the three doses reached a maximum on day 21 and then decreased. For superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, the values increased with the exposure doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg-1 and then decreased. In contrast, the values for catalase were lower on days 7, 14, and 28 and greater on day 21 compared to those of the controls. In addition, the comet assay was more sensitive than other biomarkers, and the degree of DNA damage was dose and time -dependent. | ['Animals', 'Catalase', 'DNA Damage', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Oligochaeta', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Strobilurins', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Toxicity Tests'] | 29,909,323 | [['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['G05.200'], ['D02.047.700'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D02.241.081.069.600.575'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['E05.940']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[Pseudotumoral abdominal cysto-steato-necrosis: an unusual etiology]. | We report an unusual case of subcutaneous pseudo-neoplastic focal fat necrosis in a woman with a Mersilen plate placed outside the abdominal wall muscles. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously reported in the radiologic literature. The differential diagnosis using ultrasound and computerized tomography is discussed. | ['Abdominal Muscles', 'Abdominal Neoplasms', 'Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Fat Necrosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed'] | 9,163,960 | [['A02.633.567.050'], ['C04.588.033'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.550.717.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.728.764', 'D25.720.728.764', 'J01.637.051.720.728.764'], ['E07.695'], ['E07.858.708'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
[Textual research on circulated versions of Wen re lun (On epidemic warm diseases) and its related problems]. | The Wen re lun (On Epidemic Warm Diseases), written by Ye Tian-shi, a famous physician of epidemic warm diseases in the Qing dynasty, was originally a teaching record between the tutors and disciples. The book was originally anonymous, and there were two different circulated versions compiled by two different scholars. The Wen zheng lun zhi (Treatment of Warm Syndromes) was arranged by Tang Da-lie, and its first edition was Wu yi hui jiang (Collected Discourses of Physicians in Wu Region), an xylographic edition of Tang's Wenxin Thatched Cottage in Wu region block-printed in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). The Wen re lun (On Epidemic Warm Diseases) was arranged by Hua Xiu-yun, and its first edition was Weisheng Tang edition probably in the 42nd year of Qianlong of the Qing dynasty (1777) with disordered book names, which should be unified and marked. Hua Xiu-yun wasn't Ye's follower, and he looked for and arranged Ye's medical cases because of the adoration to Ye Tian-shi. The texts of these two editions were the same, while the academic style differed substantially. | ['China', 'Disease', 'History, 18th Century', 'Textbooks as Topic'] | 19,127,849 | [['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C23.550.288'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['L01.178.682.192.900', 'L01.178.820.900']] | ['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]'] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Apathy and Disinhibition Related to Neuropathology in Amnestic Versus Behavioral Dementias. | OBJECTIVES: Investigating the frequency of apathy and disinhibition in patients clinically diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) with neuropathology of either Alzheimer disease (AD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).METHODS: Retrospective data from 887 cases were analyzed, and the frequencies of apathy and disinhibition were compared at baseline and longitudinally in 4 groups: DAT/AD, DAT/FTLD, bvFTD/FTLD, and bvFTD/AD.RESULTS: Apathy alone was more common in AD (33%) than FTLD (25%), and the combination of apathy and disinhibition was more common in FTLD (43%) than AD (14%; P < .0001). Over time, apathy became more frequent in AD with increasing dementia severity (33%-41%; P < .006).CONCLUSIONS: Alzheimer disease neuropathology had the closest association with the neuropsychiatric symptom of apathy, while FTLD was most associated with the combination of apathy and disinhibition. Over time, the frequency of those with apathy increased in both AD and FTLD neuropathology. | ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Apathy', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Frontotemporal Dementia', 'Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index'] | 31,170,813 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['F01.470.137'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C10.228.140.380.266.299', 'C10.574.950.300.299', 'C18.452.845.800.300.299', 'F03.615.400.380.299'], ['C10.228.140.380.266', 'C10.574.950.300', 'C18.452.845.800.300', 'F03.615.400.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Conformationally restricted hybrid analogues of the hormone 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3): design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. | Four new conformationally restricted hybrid analogues of the hormone 1 alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D3) have been synthesized in a convergent manner by combining enantiomerically pure C,D-ring ketones (-)-15 and (-)-17 with racemic 1-hydroxymethyl A-ring phosphine oxide (+/-)-18. Parent hybrid analogue 6, which combines the calcemia-inactivating 1 beta-hydroxymethyl A-ring modification with the antiproliferation- activating 20-epi-22-oxa-25-hydroxydiethyl C,D-ring side chain modification, is comparable in potency to 1,25D3 at the low nM level in inhibiting proliferation in a wide assortment of malignant cell lines in vitro with extremely low calcemic activity in vivo. Surprisingly, both conformationally restricted analogues of 6 (8b and 9b), which incorporate rigidifying units at their 25-hydroxyl side chain termini, retained the desirable antiproliferative, transcriptional, and calcemic activities of the parent compound. | ['Animals', 'Calcitriol', 'Female', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Conformation'] | 11,425,569 | [['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G02.111.570.820']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Effect of Blood Pressure Lowering in Early Ischemic Stroke: Meta-Analysis. | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elevated blood pressure is common in acute stage of ischemic stroke and the strategy to manage this situation is not well established. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing active blood pressure lowering and control groups in early ischemic stroke.METHODS: Pubmed, EMBASE, and Clinicaltrials.gov from January 1966 to March 2015 were searched to identify relevant studies. We included randomized controlled trials with blood pressure lowering started versus control within 3 days of ischemic stroke onset. The primary outcome was unfavorable outcome at 3 months or at trial end point, defined as dependency or death, and the key secondary outcome was recurrent vascular events. Pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects model.RESULTS: The systematic search identified 13 randomized controlled trials with 12 703 participants comparing early blood pressure lowering and control. Pooling the results with the random-effects model showed that blood pressure lowering in early ischemic stroke did not affect the risk of death or dependency at 3 months or at trial end point (relative risk, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.13; P=0.35). Also, blood pressure lowering also had neutral effect on recurrent vascular events, as well as on disability or death, all-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, and serious adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested blood pressure lowering in early ischemic stroke had a neutral effect on the prevention of death or dependency. | ['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Stroke', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 26,022,636 | [['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Metal-free C-N- and N-N-bond formation: synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles from ketones, N-tosylhydrazines, and amines in one pot. | A novel synthetic approach toward 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by C-N- and N-N-bond formation has been established under transition-metal-free conditions. Complete control of the regioselectivity was successfully achieved. Commercially available anilines, ketones, and N-tosylhydrazine were treated with molecular iodine in one pot to allow the regioselective generation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields without the use of azides. | ['Amines', 'Catalysis', 'Ketones', 'Metals', 'Molecular Structure', 'Tosyl Compounds', 'Triazoles'] | 25,354,088 | [['D02.092'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.522'], ['D01.552'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832.661', 'D02.886.590.887'], ['D03.383.129.799']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Maximal intestinal absorption of digoxin, and its relation to steady state plasma concentration. | In a group of 8 volunteers, peak plasma digoxin concentrations and areas under 80-hour plasma concentration curves were significantly greater after 1 mg digoxin in paediatric elixir than after 4 0,25 mg tablets. Mean cumulative urinary excretion of digoxin over 12 days was 46.4 per cent after tablets, 53.6 per cent after elixir, and 70.8 per cent after intravenous injection. Mean percentage absorption was estimated to be 63 per cent from tablets and 75 per cent from elixir, but considerable between-subject variation was noted. Individual estimates of percentage absorption were significantly correlated with plasma concentrations in the steady state. Computer programmes to relate steady state plasma concentration to oral digoxin dosage take no account of absorptive capacity, are limited to gross approximations, and cannot replace determination of plasma concentration to assess the degree of digitalization. | ['Adult', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Digoxin', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Solutions', 'Tablets', 'Time Factors'] | 1,091,283 | [['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.436', 'D04.210.500.155.580.130.688', 'D09.408.180.261.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['D26.776'], ['D26.255.830'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Assembly of chromatin fibers into metaphase chromosomes analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. | The higher-order assembly of the approximately 30 nm chromatin fibers into the characteristic morphology of HeLa mitotic chromosomes was investigated by electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of serial sections was applied to view the distribution of the DNA-histone-nonhistone fibers through the chromatid arms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided a complementary technique allowing the surface arrangement of the fibers to be observed. The approach with both procedures was to swell the chromosomes slightly, without extracting proteins, so that the densely-packed chromatin fibers were separated. The degree of expansion of the chromosomes was controlled by adjusting the concentration of divalent cations (Mg2+). With TEM, individual fibers could be resolved by decreasing the Mg2+ concentration to 1.0-1.5 mM. The predominant mode of fiber organization was seen to be radial for both longitudinal and transverse sections. Using SEM, surface protuberances with an average diameter of 69 nm became visible after the Mg2+ concentration was reduced to 1.5 mM. The knobby surface appearance was a variable feature, because the average diameter decreased when the divalent cation concentration was further reduced. The surface projections appear to represent the peripheral tips of radial chromatin loops. These TEM and SEM observations support a "radial loop" model for the organization of the chromatin fibers in metaphase chromosomes. | ['Calcium', 'Chromatin', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Magnesium', 'Metaphase', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning'] | 3,955,172 | [['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Youth Parasympathetic Functioning Moderates Relations between Cumulative Family Risk and Internalizing Behaviors. | Problematic family functioning places young adolescents at risk for internalizing behaviors. However, not all adolescents who experience family risk develop internalizing behaviors during early adolescence. Informed by a cumulative risk perspective, the current study examined whether associations between cumulative family risk, as well as particular family risk domains, and youth internalizing behaviors are moderated by youth parasympathetic reactivity. Participants include 68 young adolescents in 6th grade. Youth were 56% female, 41% African American, and 54% European American. For young adolescents who experienced higher change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia during a challenge/stressor task, greater cumulative family risk, exposure to more family risk domains, and several particular risk factors (maternal psychological well-being, marital/family system risk), were associated with higher levels of internalizing behaviors. The findings from this study demonstrate that the extent to which both particular family risk factors and cumulative family risk place youth at increased risk for internalizing behaviors depends on youth's parasympathetic functioning. | ['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Depression', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Male', 'Parasympathetic Nervous System', 'Stress, Psychological'] | 31,606,829 | [['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['F01.393'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F01.829.263.370', 'I01.880.853.150.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['A08.800.050.600'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']] | ['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Interactions between Mycobacterium leprae and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus monkeys. | Groups of rhesus monkeys were inoculated with: 1) simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)B670 alone; 2) Mycobacterium leprae alone; 3) SIV plus M. leprae on the same day; and 4) M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV. Animals were monitored at intervals for virus loads, antibody responses to M. leprae glycolipid antigens and to SIV Gp120, T-cell CD4+ and CD4+ CD29+ subset percentages, leprosy and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) clinical symptoms. Five out of six animals developed leprosy in each co-inoculated group, compared to one out of six in the M. leprae-only-inoculated group, indicating that M. leprae/SIV co-infection increases the susceptibility to leprosy, regardless of the timing of the two infections. Animals in the co-infected group that received M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV had a significantly slower rate of AIDS progression and long-term survival was significantly greater (three out of six) compared to the group inoculated with SIV alone (zero out of seven). All M. leprae-only-inoculated animals (six out of six) survived. Post-SIV-inoculation, a rapid decrease in the percentages of CD4 + and CD4 + CD29 + T-cells was observed in the SIV-only-inoculated group that was significantly blocked by co-inoculation with M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV, but not by SIV on the same day. The virus load set point was increased by approximately two logs in the group inoculated with M. leprae and SIV on the same day compared to SIV 2 weeks prior to M. leprae or the SIV-only-inoculated group. The results indicate that M. leprae, inoculated 2 weeks after SIV, decreased the pathogenicity of SIV compared to inoculation of M. leprae and SIV on the same day or SIV alone. The decreased pathogenicity correlated with a diminished loss of CD4 + and CD4 + CD29 + T-cell subsets in the group inoculated with M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV compared to the group inoculated with SIV alone. IgG antibody responses to M. leprae-specific cell wall phenolic glycolipid-I antigen were inhibited by 2-week-prior or same-day SIV co-inoculation compared to M. leprae-only inoculated animals. The IgG anti-lipoarabinomannan antibody response was enhanced in the group inoculated with M. leprae and SIV on the same day compared to the groups inoculated with M. leprae alone or SIV 2 weeks prior to M. leprae. Antibody responses to SIV Gp120 antigen were unimpaired in both co-inoculated groups compared to SIV-only-inoculated groups. The antibody results show that the immune responses to SIV and M. leprae are interrelated in SIV/M. leprae co-infected animals. | ['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'CD4-CD8 Ratio', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Disease Progression', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Leprosy', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mycobacterium leprae', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Simian Immunodeficiency Virus', 'Survival Rate', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'Viral Load'] | 11,085,588 | [['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150.160', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150.160', 'G12.248'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.502', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.502'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C01.925.782.815.616.850', 'C01.925.839.850', 'C22.735.500.850'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.800', 'B04.820.650.805.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Quantification of Right Ventricular Electromechanical Dyssynchrony in Relation to Right Ventricular Function and Clinical Outcomes in Children with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. | BACKGROUND: Electromechanical dyssynchrony occurs ubiquitously following tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair, manifesting electrically as a wide QRS duration and mechanically as a right-sided septal/apical flash. Early septal activation and prestretch of the right ventricular (RV) basal lateral wall followed by its postsystolic shortening contributes to inefficient RV mechanics. However, a right-sided septal flash is a dichotomous finding, and the severity of RV dyssynchrony as a continuous spectrum in relationship to RV dysfunction and clinical outcomes in patients with repaired TOF has not been studied. The aim of this study was to quantify the severity of electromechanical dyssynchrony in relation to RV remodeling and clinical outcomes in a pediatric cohort following TOF repair.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 81 children with RV volume loading after TOF repair, aged 13.6 ± 2.9 years, and compared with 50 matched control subjects.RESULTS: Patients had higher RV basal-lateral prestretch and postsystolic strain amplitude and duration, RV mechanical dispersion, and basal lateral-septal wall delay compared with control subjects (P < .001 for all). All intra-RV dyssynchrony timing parameters were associated with reduced cardiac magnetic resonance-derived RV ejection fraction and/or echocardiography-derived RV longitudinal strain. Prestretch duration as a percentage of total shortening time and RV basal lateral-to-midseptal delay were independently associated with RV dysfunction. Postsystolic strain amplitude was higher in patients with ventricular arrhythmias compared with arrhythmia-free patients (7.8% [4.2%-13%] vs 2.0% [0%-12.5%], P = .03).CONCLUSION: RV prestretch duration, postsystolic strain, and RV lateral-septal delay quantify RV electromechanical dyssynchrony severity and reflect the underlying pathophysiology. The prestretch duration percentage and RV basal lateral-to-midseptal delay were independently associated with RV dysfunction, potentially providing a clinical tool to quantify RV electromechanical dyssynchrony. | ['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Stroke Volume', 'Tetralogy of Fallot', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Right'] | 29,976,349 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['C14.240.400.849', 'C14.280.400.849', 'C16.131.240.400.849'], ['C14.280.945.910']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of high-dose sufentanil in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. | The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of high-dose sufentanil (15 micrograms/kg) and oxygen were determined in 20 infants and children undergoing repair of congenital heart defects. Sufentanil provided marked hemodynamic stability after an infusion and during the stress periods of incision and sternotomy. Two patients required supplemental nitrous oxide because of an increase in blood pressure greater than 20% of baseline. Mean plasma catecholamine concentrations varied widely among patients and increased, although not significantly, during intraoperative stress. Pharmacokinetic data best fit a two-compartment model. In infants younger than 10 months (group 1) and children older than 10 months (group 2) who were not surface-cooled, elimination half-lives were similar (mean +/- SD, 53 +/- 15 min vs 55 +/- 10 min) as were clearance values (27.5 +/- 9.3 vs 18.1 +/- 10.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1). However, the volumes of distribution were significantly smaller in group 1 compared with group 2 (1.6 +/- 0.46 vs 3.0 +/- 1.3 L/kg). In infants younger than 10 months who were surface-cooled (group 3) elimination half-life was longer (120 +/- 36 min) and volume of distribution larger (3.7 +/- 1.1 L/kg), but clearance rate was similar (21.5 +/- 5.0 ml X kg-1 X min-1) compared with age- and weight-matched infants (group 1). | ['Anesthesia, Intravenous', 'Anesthetics', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fentanyl', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Sufentanil'] | 2,950,809 | [['E03.155.308'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.775'], ['D03.383.621.265.900']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Results of a second survey to assess the reproductive status of female Asian and African elephants in North America. | Surveys are being conducted to monitor the reproductive health of elephants managed by the TAG/SSP. This study summarizes results of a 2005 survey and compares data to one conducted in 2002. Surveys were returned for 100% and 79.0% of Asian and African elephants, respectively. Of those, 79.3% of Asian and 92.1% of African elephants had weekly progestagen data to assess ovarian cyclicity. For Asian elephants, acyclicity rates were similar between the 2002 and 2005 surveys (13.3% versus 10.9%), whereas irregular cycling increased in 2005 (2.6% versus 7.6%), respectively. For African elephants, the percentages of both acyclicity (22.0% versus 31.2%) and irregular cycling females (5.2% versus 11.8%) increased. In both species, ovarian inactivity was more prevalent in the older age categories (>30 years of age), but for African elephants also occurred in the reproductive aged groups. Reproductive tract pathologies did not account for the majority of acyclicity problems. Several females changed cyclicity status between the two surveys, including from noncycling to cycling, suggesting this is not an irreversible condition. However, seven African females went from cycling to abnormal or no cyclic activity. In summary, the incidence of ovarian acyclicity in Asian elephants is low and stable, but appears to be increasing in African females. These findings reinforce the need for long-term reproductive monitoring programs and continuous reproductive surveys, even for females not being considered for breeding. With more data we hope to determine what factors are related to changes in ovarian status and how to reverse the trend towards acyclicity. | ['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Zoo', 'Data Collection', 'Elephants', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Female', 'North America'] | 20,391,465 | [['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.448'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.833.249'], ['G08.686.195'], ['Z01.107.567']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Towards a therapeutic inhibition of dystrophin exon 23 splicing in mdx mouse muscle induced by antisense oligoribonucleotides (splicomers): target sequence optimisation using oligonucleotide arrays. | BACKGROUND: The activity of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (splicomers) designed to block pre-mRNA splicing at specific exons has been demonstrated in a number of model systems, including constitutively spliced exons in mouse dystrophin RNA. Splicomer reagents directed to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) RNAs might thus circumvent nonsense or frame-shifting mutations, leading to therapeutic expression of partially functional dystrophin, as occurs in the milder, allelic (Becker) form of the disease (BMD).METHODS: Functional and hybridisation array screens have been used to select optimised splicomers directed to exon 23 of dystrophin mRNA which carries a nonsense mutation in the mdx mouse. Splicomers were transfected into cultured primary muscle cells, and dystrophin mRNA assessed for exon exclusion. Splicomers were also administered to the muscles of mdx mice.RESULTS: Oligonucleotide array analyses with dystrophin pre-mRNA probes revealed strong and highly specific hybridisation patterns spanning the exon 23/intron 23 boundary, indicating an open secondary structure conformation in this region of the RNA. Functional screening of splicomer arrays by direct analysis of exon 23 RNA splicing in mdx muscle cultures identified a subset of biologically active reagents which target sequence elements associated with the 5' splice site region of dystrophin intron 23; splicomer-mediated exclusion of exon 23 was specific and dose-responsive up to a level exceeding 50% of dystrophin mRNA, and Western blotting demonstrated de novo expression of dystrophin protein at 2-5% of wild-type levels. Direct intramuscular administration of optimised splicomer reagents in vivo resulted in the reappearance of sarcolemmal dystrophin immunoreactivity in > 30% of muscle fibres in the mdx mouseCONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that correctly designed splicomers may have direct therapeutic value in vivo, not only for DMD, but also for a range of other genetic disorders. | ['Alleles', 'Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Dystrophin', 'Exons', 'Frameshift Mutation', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Introns', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred mdx', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscles', 'Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA', 'RNA Splicing', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection'] | 15,386,737 | [['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.776.210.500.250', 'D12.776.220.250', 'D12.776.543.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.365.590.265'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.265'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C05.651.534.500.300', 'C10.668.491.175.500.300', 'C16.320.322.562', 'C16.320.577.300'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Potent, highly selective, and non-thiol inhibitors of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I. | The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a family of peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I (PGGTase-I) are reported. The inhibitors are based on the C-terminal CAAL sequence of many geranylgeranylated proteins. Using 2-aryl-4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives as mimetics for the central dipeptide (AA), we have attached a series of imidazole and pyridine derivatives to the N-terminus as cysteine replacements. These non-thiol-containing peptidomimetics show exceptional selectivity for PGGTase-I over the closely related enzyme protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase). This selectivity is retained in whole cells where the inhibitors were shown to block the geranylgeranylation of Rap-1A without affecting the farnesylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras. | ['3T3 Cells', 'Alkyl and Aryl Transferases', 'Animals', 'Drug Design', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Imidazoles', 'Leucine', 'Mice', 'Molecular Mimicry', 'Protein Prenylation', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'rap GTP-Binding Proteins'] | 10,212,118 | [['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['D08.811.913.225'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.560', 'G05.545', 'G16.012.750.500'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.400', 'G02.111.672.500', 'G02.111.691.600.400', 'G03.734.871.790.600.400', 'G03.804.500', 'G05.308.670.600.400'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.475', 'D12.644.360.525.475', 'D12.776.157.325.515.475', 'D12.776.476.525.475']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Multiple, annular, erythematous lesions of the oral mucosa. | Benign migratory stomatitis is a relatively rare entity, but because of its benign nature and clinical characteristics, it should be easily recognized by the general practitioner. Biopsy is usually not indicated and treatment consists of reassuring the patient that the lesions are benign even though they may disappear, reappear, and change location; the patient should report back for periodic follow-up. | ['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Erythema', 'Glossitis, Benign Migratory', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomatitis'] | 3,422,674 | [['E01.171'], ['C17.800.229', 'C23.888.885.328'], ['C07.465.910.363.447'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.864']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Qualitative analysis of some carboxylic acids by ion-exclusion chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. | A simple, selective and sensitive method for the determination of carboxylic acids has been developed. A mixture of formic, acetic, propionic, valeric, isovaleric, isobutyric, and isocaproic acids has been separated on a polymethacrylate-based weak acidic cation-exchange resin (TSK gel OA pak-A) based on an ion-exclusion chromatographic mechanism with detection using UV-photodiode array, conductivity and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). A mobile phase consisting of 0.85 mM benzoic acid in 10% aqueous methanol (pH 3.89) was used to separate the above carboxylic acids in about 40 min. For LC-MS, the APCI interface was used in the negative ionization mode. Linear plots of peak area versus concentration were obtained over the range 1-30 mM (r2=0.9982) and 1-30 mM (r2=0.9958) for conductimetric and MS detection, respectively. The detection limits of the target carboxylic acids calculated at S/N=3 ranged from 0.078 to 2.3 microM for conductimetric and photometric detection and from 0.66 to 3.82 microM for ion-exclusion chromatography-APCI-MS. The reproducibility of retention times was 0.12-0.16% relative standard deviation for ion-exclusion chromatography and 1.21-2.5% for ion-exclusion chromatography-APCI-MS. The method was applied to the determination of carboxylic acids in red wine, white wine, apple vinegar, and Japanese rice wine. | ['Atmospheric Pressure', 'Carboxylic Acids', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Electrochemistry', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity'] | 12,108,651 | [['G16.500.750.274', 'N06.230.300.100.185'], ['D02.241'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
The failure to separate human X-and Y-spermatozoa by the millipore filtration technique. | Millipore filtration of motile human spermatozoa with the use of a pore size of 5 micrometer without applying high or low pressure results in a small but statistically significant increase of Y-spermatozoa in the filtrate. Immobilized spermatozoa do not pass through the membrane. | ['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Micropore Filters', 'Pressure', 'Sex Preselection', 'Spermatozoa', 'X Chromosome', 'Y Chromosome'] | 564,404 | [['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.454.403', 'E07.560'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.393.420.890'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982'], ['A11.284.187.865.983', 'G05.360.162.865.983']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tobacco habits in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. | The beneficial effect of nicotine has been reported in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) patients, but not tested in sporadic cases. Recently, a nicotine defect in the arousal pathway has been hypothesized even in sporadic NFLE patients and their relatives. This case-control family study was designed to test whether NFLE subjects were more likely to use tobacco than controls, as an indirect marker of cholinergic arousal system dysregulation. At least four relatives were included for each NFLE proband and control. Each subject was questioned about tobacco habits; 434 individuals were recruited. Moreover, we compared NFLE patients with age- and sex-matched controls to determine whether they are more likely to use tobacco. We found a slightly higher trend of tobacco use in NFLE probands compared to that in control subjects; we did not find any significant difference in the distribution of tobacco use among NFLE group compared to that in the control group. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe', 'Female', 'Habits', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Polysomnography', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'Video Recording', 'Young Adult'] | 23,246,147 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490.360.270', 'C10.228.140.490.493.188'], ['F01.145.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912'], ['L01.280.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Orthodontic side-effects of mandibular advancement devices during treatment of snoring and sleep apnoea. | The aims of this study were to investigate possible orthodontic side-effects following the use of mandibular advancement devices (MAD) in adults with snoring and sleep apnoea. A second objective was to analyse the effect of the appliance design. Seventy-five patients treated with MAD and 17 reference patients were studied at follow-up after 2.5 +/- 0.5 years. In the test group, 47 patients were provided with soft elastomeric devices, while the remaining 28 patients received hard acrylic devices. The treatment induced a change in overjet of -0.4 +/- 0.8 mm (mean +/- SD) and a change in overbite of -0.4 +/- 0.7 mm (mean +/- SD). These changes were larger than those found in the reference group (P < 0.01). The odds ratio (OR) for the largest quartile of reduction in overjet was 3.8 in patients using hard acrylic devices compared with those using soft elastomeric devices (P < 0.05). A large reduction in overjet in patients using the hard acrylic devices was unrelated to the degree of mandibular protrusion by the device. The OR for a large reduction in overjet in patients using the soft elastomeric devices with a protrusion of 6 mm or above was 6.8 compared with smaller mandibular protrusions (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the orthodontic side-effects are small during the treatment of adult subjects with MAD for snoring and sleep apnoea, especially in patients using soft elastomeric devices with mandibular protrusions of less than 6 mm. The follow-up of patients treated with MAD is recommended, as individual patients may experience marked orthodontic side-effects. | ['Acrylic Resins', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Centric Relation', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Dental Occlusion, Traumatic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandibular Advancement', 'Middle Aged', 'Occlusal Splints', 'Orthodontic Appliance Design', 'Silicone Elastomers', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Snoring', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Surveys and Questionnaires'] | 11,398,551 | [['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E06.520.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C07.793.494.293'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.545.500', 'E06.645.500', 'E06.658.280'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.858.442.743.829'], ['E05.320.274', 'E06.658.450', 'E06.912.675'], ['D05.750.900.850.900', 'D25.720.327.900', 'D25.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.051.720.327.900', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.412.900'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['C23.888.852.779.850'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Fusion pore diameter regulation by cations modulating local membrane anisotropy. | The fusion pore is an aqueous channel that is formed upon the fusion of the vesicle membrane with the plasma membrane. Once the pore is open, it may close again (transient fusion) or widen completely (full fusion) to permit vesicle cargo discharge. While repetitive transient fusion pore openings of the vesicle with the plasma membrane have been observed in the absence of stimulation, their frequency can be further increased using a cAMP-increasing agent that drives the opening of nonspecific cation channels. Our model hypothesis is that the openings and closings of the fusion pore are driven by changes in the local concentration of cations in the connected vesicle. The proposed mechanism of fusion pore dynamics is considered as follows: when the fusion pore is closed or is extremely narrow, the accumulation of cations in the vesicle (increased cation concentration) likely leads to lipid demixing at the fusion pore. This process may affect local membrane anisotropy, which reduces the spontaneous curvature and thus leads to the opening of the fusion pore. Based on the theory of membrane elasticity, we used a continuum model to explain the rhythmic opening and closing of the fusion pore. | ['Cations', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cell Membrane', 'Models, Theoretical'] | 22,489,211 | [['D01.248.497.300'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E05.599']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Neutron reflectivity studies of single lipid bilayers supported on planar substrates. | Neutron reflectivity was used to probe the structure of single phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers adsorbed onto a planar silicon surface in an aqueous environment. Fluctuations in the neutron scattering length density profiles perpendicular to the silicon/water interface were determined for different lipids as a function of the hydrocarbon chain length. The lipids were studied in both the gel and liquid crystalline phases by monitoring changes in the specularly-reflected neutron intensity as a function of temperature. Contrast variation of the neutron scattering length density was applied to both the lipid and the solvent. Scattering length density profiles were determined using both model-independent and model-dependent fitting methods. During the reflectivity measurements, a novel experimental set-up was implemented to decrease the incoherent background scattering due to the solvent. Thus, the reflectivity was measured to Q approximately 0.3 A-1, covering up to seven orders of magnitude in reflected intensity, for PC bilayers in D2O and silicon-matched (38% D2O/62% H2O) water. The kinetics of lipid adsorption at the silicon/water interface were also explored by observing changes in the reflectivity at low Q values under silicon-matched water conditions. | ['1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine', 'Deuterium Oxide', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neutrons', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Silicon', 'Water'] | 9,031,513 | [['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800.224'], ['D01.045.250.875.200', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.200', 'D01.268.406.500.250', 'D01.362.340.500.250'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G01.249.660.250'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RNAi blocks DYT1 mutant torsinA inclusions in neurons. | Early onset generalized dystonia is a dominantly inherited movement disorder caused by neuronal dysfunction without an apparent loss of neurons. The same single mutation (GAG deletion) causes most cases and results in loss of a glutamic acid (E) in the carboxy terminal region of torsinA (Delta302/303). To model the neuronal involvement, adult rat primary sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture were infected with lentivirus vectors expressing human wild-type or mutant torsinA. Expression of the mutant protein resulted in formation of torsinA-positive perinuclear inclusions. When the cells were co-infected with lentivirus vectors expressing the mutant torsinA message and a shRNA selectively targeting this message, inclusion formation was blocked. Vector-delivered siRNAs have the potential to decrease the adverse effects of this mutant protein in neurons without affecting wild-type protein. | ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genes, gag', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Lentivirus', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Neurons', 'Oligonucleotides', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley'] | 16,332,410 | [['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.258', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.258', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.258'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.650.589'], ['D12.776.580'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Decreases in human dendritic cell-dependent T(H)2-like responses after acute in vivo IgE neutralization. | BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) and other professional antigen-presenting cells express a variant of the high-affinity IgE receptor known as alphagamma(2), which, on the basis of in vitro findings, has long been implicated to function in facilitating allergen uptake and presentation to T(H) cells.OBJECTIVES: To use omalizumab as an in vivo tool to neutralize IgE binding to circulating dendritic cells and to assess whether this results in altered DC-dependent T-cell responsiveness to allergen ex vivo.METHODS: Subjects with cat allergy were enrolled in a 3.5-month, double blind, randomized (3.5:1), placebo-controlled trial of omalizumab using standard dosing for allergic asthma. Blood plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs were assessed at baseline and posttreatment for expression of surface IgE, FcepsilonRIalpha, and induction of CD4(+)T-cell proliferation and cytokine responses to cat allergen.RESULTS: IgE expression on plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs from omalizumab-treated subjects (n = 12) decreased by > or =95% posttreatment (P = .0005), whereas FcepsilonRIalpha expression decreased by 66% and 48%, respectively (P = .0005). Cat allergen-induced proliferation in DC/T-cell cocultures observed at baseline was suppressed approximately 20% to 40% postomalizumab treatment (P = .001). Multiplexing for cytokines in plasmacytoid DC/T-cell cocultures also showed decreases in IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 (P < .05), whereas IL-2 and IFN-gamma were unaltered or slightly increased. These changes were not evident in placebo-control subjects (n = 4).CONCLUSION: IgE likely facilitates allergen presentation by dendritic cells in vivo and is also important in regulating DC-dependent T-cell cytokines during effector phases of allergic disease. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Allergens', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Antigen Presentation', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cats', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Middle Aged', 'Omalizumab', 'Receptors, IgE', 'Th2 Cells', 'Young Adult'] | 20,132,969 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G12.119', 'G12.450.050.400.070'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.844', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.844', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.844'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.280'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Causes of initial remission induction failure in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. | We analyzed 144 of 475 previously untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 87) and 'high-risk' myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n = 57) who failed to achieve a complete remission with fludarabine- and high-dose cytarabine-containing regimens between 1991 and 1994. The AML and MDS groups were comparable with regard to age, major prognostic indicators, supportive care received, type of antileukemia response and causes of death and were considered together. The causes of death of 118 evaluable patients were compared to a series of 123 AML initial remission induction failures previously reported from our institution. The induction failure rate was significantly lower (30 vs 43% P <0.001). We found a significant decrease in fatal infections (autopsied patients, P = 0.001) and a reduction in bacterial (autopsied and non-autopsied patients, P <0.005) but not fungal (non-autopsied patients, P = 0.93; autopsied patients P = 0.15) infections as causes of induction death. Pulmonary hemorrhage was twice as common in the present report (P < 0.005, with pulmonary hemorrhage almost three times as common as fatal cerebral hemorrhage. A comparison restricted to the AML patients in the present study yielded similar results. We conclude that the mortality profile in AML remission induction has undergone substantial changes at our institution since our last report, probably as a consequence of the introduction of new chemotherapy regimens and supportive care modalities. | ['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cause of Death', 'Cytarabine', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'Patient Selection', 'Remission Induction', 'Sepsis', 'Treatment Failure', 'Vidarabine'] | 8,618,434 | [['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E02.860'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.900', 'D13.570.065.950', 'D13.570.583.138.900']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Inadequate mass-casualty knowledge base adversely affects treatment decisions by trauma care providers: Survey on hospital response following a terrorist bombing. | Healthcare professionals require a unique knowledge base to function effectively during a hospital's response to a mass-casualty incident (MCI). A survey of 128 physicians, nurses, and emergency medical technicians involved in trauma care was conducted to assess their knowledge base and how it affected their decision-making in response to a MCI following a terrorist bombing. Three-quarters of the study group responded that = or >20% of the surviving victims were critically injured. Only half of the responders indicated that the main objective of medical management is identifying and treating patients with critical injuries. Forty percent of responders indicated that they would not triage a critically injured victim to immediate care. This survey indicates that further education in the principles of MCI management should be based on critical evaluation of the literature. | ['Blast Injuries', 'Decision Making', 'Disaster Planning', 'Education, Medical', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Mass Casualty Incidents', 'Terrorism', 'Wounds and Injuries'] | 19,806,559 | [['C26.120.126'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['I02.358.399'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.198.240.856.800.537', 'I01.880.735.900.800.575', 'N06.230.100.160'], ['I01.198.240.856.800', 'I01.880.735.900.800'], ['C26']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Effect of vitrification on promoter methylation and the expression of pluripotency and differentiation genes in mouse blastocysts. | The present study was designed to determine the effects of vitrification on promoter methylation and the expression levels of pluripotency and differentiation genes in mouse blastocysts. Promoter region CpG methylation patterns and the expression levels of octamer-binding transcription factor (Oct4), Nanog homeobox (Nanog), caudal-type homeobox 2 (Cdx2), and heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed transcript 1 (Hand1) were analyzed in fresh and vitrified mouse blastocysts. Methylation was measured by bisulphate mutagenesis and sequencing; gene expression was determined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The results showed that vitrification significantly reduced the methylation levels of the Oct4 (85% vs. 62.5%), Nanog (77.5% vs. 55%), and Cdx2 promoters (4.6% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.05) in mouse blastocysts, which correlated with increased expression of Oct4 and Nanog in vitrified blastocysts. Hand1 promoter methylation was not significantly different in the fresh (17.9%) versus vitrification group (21.4%; P > 0.05). The expression levels of Cdx2 and Hand1 were not significantly different in fresh and vitrified blastocysts. In conclusion, vitrification significantly decreased Oct4, Nanog, and Cdx2 promoter methylation in mouse blastocysts, which correlated with increased expression of Oct4 and Nanog. | ['Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Blastocyst', 'CDX2 Transcription Factor', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cryopreservation', 'DNA Methylation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Heating', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Mice', 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'Octamer Transcription Factor-3', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Transcription Factors', 'Vitrification'] | 22,618,890 | [['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['A16.254.500'], ['D12.776.260.400.140', 'D12.776.660.201', 'D12.776.930.146'], ['G04.152'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.310'], ['N06.230.150.300'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.260.400.530', 'D12.776.930.542'], ['D12.776.260.655.500.300', 'D12.776.930.710.500.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G01.645.625']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
The effects of alcohol on the emotional displays of Whites in interracial groups. | Discomfort during interracial interactions is common among Whites in the U.S. and is linked to avoidance of interracial encounters. While the negative consequences of interracial discomfort are well-documented, understanding of its causes is still incomplete. Alcohol consumption has been shown to decrease negative emotions caused by self-presentational concern but increase negative emotions associated with racial prejudice. Using novel behavioral-expressive measures of emotion, we examined the impact of alcohol on displays of discomfort among 92 White individuals interacting in all-White or interracial groups. We used the Facial Action Coding System and comprehensive content-free speech analyses to examine affective and behavioral dynamics during these 36-min exchanges (7.9 million frames of video data). Among Whites consuming nonalcoholic beverages, those assigned to interracial groups evidenced more facial and speech displays of discomfort than those in all-White groups. In contrast, among intoxicated Whites there were no differences in displays of discomfort between interracial and all-White groups. Results highlight the central role of self-presentational concerns in interracial discomfort and offer new directions for applying theory and methods from emotion science to the examination of intergroup relations. | ['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Emotions', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Group Processes', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Racism', 'Random Allocation', 'Social Behavior', 'United States', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Young Adult'] | 23,356,562 | [['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['F01.470'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['F01.829.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.145.813.550.500', 'F01.145.813.629.625', 'F01.829.595.500', 'I01.880.735.820.500.500'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['F01.145.813'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['F01.145.209.908'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Effect of myriocin on plasma sphingolipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. | Sphingolipids play a very important role in cell membrane formation, signal transduction, and plasma lipoprotein metabolism, all of which may well have an impact on the development of atherosclerosis. To investigate the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, we utilized myriocin to inhibit mouse serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT), the key enzyme for sphingolipid biosynthesis. We injected 8-week-old apoE-deficient mice with myriocin (0.3 mg/kg/every other day, intraperitoneal) for 60 days. On a chow diet, myriocin treatment caused a significant decrease (50%) in liver SPT activity (p < 0.001), significant decreases in plasma sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels (54, 32, and 73%, respectively) (p < 0.0001), and a significant increase in plasma phosphatidylcholine levels (91%) (p < 0.0001). Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels demonstrated no significant changes, but there was a significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesion area (42% in root and 36% in en face assays) (p < 0.01). On a high fat diet, myriocin treatment caused marked decreases in plasma sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels (59, 66, and 81%, respectively) (p < 0.0001), and a marked increase in plasma phosphatidylcholine levels (100%) (p < 0.0001). Total cholesterol and triglyceride demonstrated no significant changes, but there was a significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesion area (39% in root and 37% in en face assays) (p < 0.01). These results indicate that, apart from cholesterol levels, sphingolipids have an effect on atherosclerotic development and that SPT has proatherogenic properties. Thus, inhibition of SPT activity could be an alternative treatment for atherosclerosis. | ['Acyltransferases', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Ceramides', 'Cholesterol', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sphingolipids', 'Sphingosine', 'Time Factors', 'Triglycerides'] | 15,590,644 | [['D08.811.913.050'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D02.065.313', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200', 'D10.390.470.675.200', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D08.811.913.050.668'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D10.570.877'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D10.351.801']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Transoral vertebroplasty for a C2 aneurysmal bone cyst. | BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Aneurysmal bone cysts at the cervical spine represent a real challenge both diagnostically and therapeutically, especially in young patients.PURPOSE: We present an unusual case of a C2 aneurysmal bone cyst expanding in the entire vertebral body in a girl successfully treated with a transoral vertebroplasty.STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report study.METHODS: We report the case of a 17-year-old girl with a history of cervical pain and occipital headache after a car accident. Routine x-rays disclosed a C2 lesion. Her neurologic examination was normal. Computed tomography showed a lytic lesion occupying almost the entire body of the C2 vertebra. The cortical bone was intact but notably thinned. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic image with blood inside. Transoral vertebroplasty was selected among other surgical options for the following reasons: (1) to improve the clinical symptoms, and (2) to prevent future vertebral collapse with devastating neurologic consequences. Under general anesthesia and continuous neurophysiological monitoring, we conducted a fluoroscopic-guided transoral vertebroplasty through a Jamshidi needle. A cytology sample from the cystic lesion was taken through the needle.RESULTS: The blood smear showed no tumoral cellularity. There were no complications during surgery or postoperative infections. After 4 years of follow-up, the patient is pain-free and leads a normal life.CONCLUSIONS: Transoral vertebroplasty seems to be a direct, safe, and effective technique to stabilize cystic lesions that endanger the stability of C2 and to improve symptoms. Aneurysmal bone cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions at the C2 vertebral body. | ['Adolescent', 'Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mouth', 'Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vertebroplasty'] | 26,961,198 | [['M01.060.057'], ['C04.182.089.265', 'C05.116.070.265'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['E01.370.388.250.630', 'E04.502.250.630'], ['E04.749'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E02.718.275.500', 'E04.555.165.500']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Application of 2,4-bis(halomethyl)quinoline: synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-bis(benzofuran-2-yl)- and 2,4-bis(aroxymethyl)quinolines. | In the present investigation, the synthesis of a new type of halomethylquinoline building block, i.e., ethyl 4-(bromomethyl)-2-(chloromethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate, and its synthetic applications in the reaction with salicylaldehydes or phenols to make a range of structurally novel and intriguing 2,4-bis(benzofuran-2-yl)quinoline- and 2,4-bis(aroxymethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acids is described. Our newly synthesized compounds belong to a new class of quinoline derivatives, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analyses. Screening for in vitro anti-tubercular against Mycobacterium smegmatis and anti-bacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out. Compounds 5e and 5g showed significant anti-tubercular activity comparable with the reference rifampicin and might be used as promising candidates for further investigation. | ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quinolines', 'Structure-Activity Relationship'] | 30,895,448 | [['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['E05.197', 'J01.897.836.249'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Comparison of the efficacy of ribavirin plus peginterferon alfa-2b for chronic hepatitis C infection in patients with and without coagulation disorders. | Many patients with coagulation disorders are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) that advances to end stage liver disease, resulting in an increased number of deaths. The efficacy of ribavirin and peginterferon combination therapy for chronic HCV infection in patients with coagulation disorders has not been clarified fully. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy in this patient population compared with patients who are infected with HCV and do not have coagulation disorders. A total of 226 consecutive chronic hepatitis C patients were treated with combination therapy and divided into two groups: patients with (n = 23) and without coagulation disorders (n = 203). Clinical characteristics, sustained virological response rates obtained by an intention-to-treat analysis, and combination therapy discontinuation rates were compared between the two groups. The sustained virological response rates did not differ significantly between patients with and without coagulation disorders (65.2% vs. 47.8% by intention-to-treat analysis). According to a multivariate analysis, age, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and HCV genotype were associated significantly with a sustained virological response, whereas whether a patient had a coagulation disorder did not affect the sustained virological response. In conclusion, combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C was comparably effective between patients with and without coagulation disorders and did not result in adverse bleeding. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Blood Coagulation Disorders', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interferon alpha-2', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Ribavirin', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult'] | 23,160,930 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['C15.378.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250.500', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250.500', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D13.570.800.790'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Localization of corazonin in the nervous system of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. | Antisera raised to the cardioactive peptide corazonin were used to localize immunoreactive cells in the nervous system of the American cockroach. Sera obtained after the seventh booster injection were sufficiently specific to be used for immunocytology. They recognized a subset of 10 lateral neurosecretory cells in the protocerebrum that project to, and arborize and terminate in the ipsilateral corpus cardiacum. They also reacted with bilateral neurons in each of the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres, a single dorsal unpaired median neuron in the suboesophageal ganglion, an interneuron in each optic lobe, and other neurons at the base of the optic lobe, in the tritocerebrum and deutocerebrum. The presence of corazonin in the abdominal neurons and the lateral neurosecretory cells was confirmed by HPLC fractionation of extracts of the abdominal ganglia, brains and retrocerebral complexes, followed by determination of corazonin by ELISA, which revealed in each tissue a single immunoreactive peak co-eluting with corazonin in two different HPLC systems. Antisera obtained after the first three booster injections recognized a large number of neuroendocrine cells and neurons in the brain and the abdominal nerve cord. However, the sera from the two rabbits reacted largely with different cells, indicating that the majority of this immunoreactivity was due to cross-reactivity. These results indicate that the production of highly specific antisera to some neuropeptides may require a considerable number of booster injections. | ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Insect Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nervous System', 'Neurons', 'Neuropeptides', 'Neurosecretory Systems', 'Periplaneta', 'Tissue Distribution'] | 8,242,711 | [['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.140.580'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The first case of primary metacarpal V restoration with titanium mesh and cancellous bone graft. | Any references of use of the titanium mesh in hand reconstruction could not be found. A case of primary metacarpal reconstruction after severe hand trauma with a help of cage made of titanium mesh and cancellous iliac bone graft is presented. | ['Adult', 'Amputation, Traumatic', 'Bone Regeneration', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Hand Injuries', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metacarpal Bones', 'Radiography', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Titanium'] | 17,113,527 | [['M01.060.116'], ['C26.062'], ['G11.427.213.140', 'G16.762.150.150'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['C26.404'], ['C26.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.087.319.550'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.680'], ['E07.858.708'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
[Hemoglobin level in older adults and the association with nutritional status and use of health services: the Bambu? Project]. | This study aimed to describe the prevalence of anemia and to evaluate the association between hemoglobin (Hb) level and indicators of nutritional status and health services utilization in an elderly population (? 60 years). Of the 1,742 older adults in the baseline of the Bambu? cohort, 1,441 (82.7%) were included. The dependent variable was Hb level, and the independent variables were number of hospitalizations and physician visits in the previous 12 months, body mass index (BMI), and serum albumin. Multivariate linear regression was performed, stratified by gender and adjusted for confounding factors. Prevalence of anemia was low (4.5%), with no difference by gender, and higher in the oldest old (10.2%). Low Hb level was associated with more physician visits and lower serum albumin and BMI in both men and women, suggesting a complex cycle between low Hb level, malnutrition, and medical care that should be considered when structuring health programs for the elderly. | ['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anemia', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Mass Index', 'Brazil', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Prevalence', 'Serum Albumin', 'Socioeconomic Factors'] | 23,147,950 | [['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C15.378.071'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N02.421.320'], ['D12.776.124.400.405', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']] | ['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Epididymal sperm retrieval by epididymal micropuncture combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection: difference between acquired and congenital irreparable obstructive azoospermia. | To evaluate the differences in fertilization and pregnancy rates following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of retrieved epididymal sperm between congenital (group 1) and acquired (group 2) unreconstructable obstructive azoospermic patients, we compared the outcome of the ICSI procedure between these two groups. Thirty-six patients with obstructive azoospermia received epididymal sperm retrieval by the micropuncture method for the ICSI procedure. Main parameters evaluated were epididymal fluid volume, sperm concentration, sperm-motility; fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate. There were no significant differences in epididymal fluid and sperm concentration between the two groups. However, the sperm motility in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 2. The fertilization rates per couple in groups 1 and 2 were 78.2 and 82% (nonsignificant). The pregnancy rate per couple in group 1 was 37.5% (6/16), while that in group 2 was only 5% (1/20); this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Using epididymal sperm for the ICSI procedure, the chances of pregnancy for couples with congenital absence of the vas deferens were significantly higher compared with couples with acquired unreconstructable obstructive male infertility. | ['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cytoplasm', 'Epididymis', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Oligospermia', 'Pregnancy', 'Punctures', 'Sperm Count', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa'] | 9,188,139 | [['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['C12.294.365.700.508'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.800', 'E04.665'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Single-cell analysis of experience-dependent transcriptomic states in the mouse visual cortex. | Activity-dependent transcriptional responses shape cortical function. However, a comprehensive understanding of the diversity of these responses across the full range of cortical cell types, and how these changes contribute to neuronal plasticity and disease, is lacking. To investigate the breadth of transcriptional changes that occur across cell types in the mouse visual cortex after exposure to light, we applied high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified significant and divergent transcriptional responses to stimulation in each of the 30 cell types characterized, thus revealing 611 stimulus-responsive genes. Excitatory pyramidal neurons exhibited inter- and intralaminar heterogeneity in the induction of stimulus-responsive genes. Non-neuronal cells showed clear transcriptional responses that may regulate experience-dependent changes in neurovascular coupling and myelination. Together, these results reveal the dynamic landscape of the stimulus-dependent transcriptional changes occurring across cell types in the visual cortex; these changes are probably critical for cortical function and may be sites of deregulation in developmental brain disorders. | ['Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Ontology', 'Light', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'Neurovascular Coupling', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Signal Transduction', 'Single-Cell Analysis', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptome', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Pathways'] | 29,230,054 | [['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['G05.308'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G09.330.100.159.500'], ['E05.723.729'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.242.900'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['A08.612.220.860']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Target-sensitive immunoliposomes as an efficient drug carrier for antiviral activity. | We have shown previously that target-sensitive immunoliposomes composed of palmitoyl antibody stabilized phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers could be destabilized by binding to the target cells (Ho, R. J. Y., Rouse, B. T., and Huang, L., Biochemistry (1986) 25, 5500-5506). Target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated and free cytotoxic drugs of nucleoside analogs cytosine-beta-D-arabinoside (AraC) or acycloguanosine (acyclovir, ACV) were compared for their antiviral efficacy and cell cytotoxicity. Target-insensitive immunoliposomes and nontargeted liposomes were also investigated. When the mouse fibroblast L929 cells were infected at low multiplicity with herpes simplex virus, AraC encapsulated in target-sensitive immunoliposomes composed of transphosphatidylated egg phosphatidylethanolamine effectively inhibited virus replication and had far less cell cytotoxicity than free drug. As a measure of cytotoxicity, the drug concentration required to inhibit 50% of [3H]thymidine incorporation from 6 to 42 h (CD50) was determined. For free AraC, this value was 0.3 ng/ml, whereas for target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated AraC, the CD50 exceeded 1 microgram/ml. However, target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated AraC was virus inhibitory (50% effective dose = ED50) at 1.8 ng/ml. A free drug concentration of at least 1000-fold greater was required for comparable antiviral activity. A similar phenomenon was observed when ACV was administered via target-sensitive immunoliposomes. The CD50 values of the free and target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated ACV were 12.5 ng/ml and 1.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, whereas the ED50 values of the free and target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated ACV were 1.1 and 125 ng/ml, respectively. Consequently, our results indicated the superiority of target-sensitive immunoliposomes at drug delivery, especially when drugs were cytotoxic to cells. The use of liposomes of the target-insensitive variety provided some enhancement of activity, but this was several-fold less than that observed with target-sensitive immunoliposomes. In addition, the nucleoside transport inhibitors, p-nitrothiobenzylinosine and dipyridamole, were shown to inhibit the liposome-mediated antiviral activity of AraC. This finding indicated that site-specific cytosolic delivery of nucleoside analogs by target-sensitive immunoliposomes involved a cellular nucleoside transport system. A mechanism of action is proposed. | ['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Cytarabine', 'L Cells', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Mice', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Simplexvirus', 'Viral Envelope Proteins'] | 2,820,987 | [['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['A11.251.210.505', 'A11.329.228.505'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Meta-Analysis of Transcriptional Responses to Mastitis-Causing Escherichia coli. | Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease in dairy cows, and is often caused by bacterial mammary gland infection. Mastitis causes reduced milk production and leads to excessive use of antibiotics. We present meta-analysis of transcriptional profiles of bovine mastitis from 10 studies and 307 microarrays, allowing identification of much larger sets of affected genes than any individual study. Combining multiple studies provides insight into the molecular effects of Escherichia coli infection in vivo and uncovers differences between the consequences of E. coli vs. Staphylococcus aureus infection of primary mammary epithelial cells (PMECs). In udders, live E. coli elicits inflammatory and immune defenses through numerous cytokines and chemokines. Importantly, E. coli infection causes downregulation of genes encoding lipid biosynthesis enzymes that are involved in milk production. Additionally, host metabolism is generally suppressed. Finally, defensins and bacteria-recognition genes are upregulated, while the expression of the extracellular matrix protein transcripts is silenced. In PMECs, heat-inactivated E. coli elicits expression of ribosomal, cytoskeletal and angiogenic signaling genes, and causes suppression of the cell cycle and energy production genes. We hypothesize that heat-inactivated E. coli may have prophylactic effects against mastitis. Heat-inactivated S. aureus promotes stronger inflammatory and immune defenses than E. coli. Lipopolysaccharide by itself induces MHC antigen presentation components, an effect not seen in response to E. coli bacteria. These results provide the basis for strategies to prevent and treat mastitis and may lead to the reduction in the use of antibiotics. | ['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Ontology', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mastitis, Bovine', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Transcriptome'] | 26,933,871 | [['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['E05.393.332'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['C22.196.581'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Southeastern Iran. | In order to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in Zabol, situated in the Southeast of Iran, this study was performed. Two thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine cases of tuberculosis disease were identified during 1998-2002. The notification rate was 135/100,000 population in 2002, which was higher than this rate in previous years. The notification rate of TB in Afghan population was significantly higher than Iranian population (202 cases/100,000 in Afghan and 122 cases/100,000 in Iranian population. The case notifications in 1998-2001 were 134, 131, 130, and 130 in 100,000 populations, respectively. The prevalence of smear-positive cases was 76/100,000 population in 2002 and the ratio of smear-positive cases to smear-negative and extrapulmonary cases was 1.46. This region remains high TB rates. It is necessary to pay attention to the detection of TB, by making their register in order to enhance the effectiveness and to reduce the cost of existing methods. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Notification', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tuberculosis'] | 16,283,479 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.362', 'N06.850.520.373', 'N06.850.780.200.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Health education and the control of intestinal worm infections in China: a new vision. | BACKGROUND: The transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) is associated with poverty, poor hygiene behaviour, lack of clean water and inadequate waste disposal and sanitation. Periodic administration of benzimidazole drugs is the mainstay for global STH control but it does not prevent re-infection, and is unlikely to interrupt transmission as a stand-alone intervention.FINDINGS: We reported recently on the development and successful testing in Hunan province, PR China, of a health education package to prevent STH infections in Han Chinese primary school students. We have recently commenced a new trial of the package in the ethnically diverse Xishuangbanna autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province and the approach is also being tested in West Africa, with further expansion into the Philippines in 2015.CONCLUSIONS: The work in China illustrates well the direct impact that health education can have in improving knowledge and awareness, and in changing hygiene behaviour. Further, it can provide insight into the public health outcomes of a multi-component integrated control program, where health education prevents re-infection and periodic drug treatment reduces prevalence and morbidity. | ['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Health Education', 'Helminthiasis', 'Helminths', 'Humans', 'Hygiene', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Prevalence', 'Public Health', 'Sanitation', 'Schools', 'Soil', 'Students'] | 25,060,336 | [['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['C01.610.335'], ['B01.050.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.547', 'N06.850.670'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['H02.229.782', 'N06.850.780.200.800', 'N06.850.860'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['M01.848']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of phosphoproteins associated with the mitotic spindle. | We examined the immunogold staining of microtubules and microtubule organizing centers using an improved silver-enhancement reagent for small (1-1.4 nm) gold-conjugated secondary antibodies. First, the staining properties of different commercial preparations of gold-labeled antibodies were compared for sample penetration, label uniformity, and labeling density, and Nanogold 1.4-nm gold-conjugated F(ab') was found to be superior to the other probes examined. However, in samples examined for the localization of alpha- and beta-tubulin, gold staining did not extend through the pericentriolar material nor were the centrioles labeled. This apparent lack of centrosomal staining was not due to problems associated with penetration of the antibody probes, since staining adjacent to and within the centriolar cylinder was observed when phosphoprotein antigens recognized by the MPM-2 antibody were localized. The MPM-2 antibodies also localized to mitotic kinetochores, kinetochore fibers, and midbodies, in addition to mitotic centrosomes. The level of MPM-2 staining of the centrosome varied through the cell cycle. At interphase, this staining was restricted within the centriolar cylinder, whereas in mitotic cells extensive staining throughout the pericentriolar material was also observed. These results established the close relationship of MPM-2-reactive phosphoproteins with the centrosome, and suggest that this technique may be useful for ultrastructural localization of other cytoskeletal proteins. | ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interphase', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Microtubules', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Rats', 'Spindle Apparatus', 'Tubulin'] | 1,453,002 | [['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G04.144.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D12.776.744'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mandatory continuing education or periodic reexamination? | A descriptive study of physical therapists located primarily in the southeastern United States was undertaken to determine their opinions concerning mandatory continuing education or reexamination for license renewal. A majority of the 1,187 respondents favored continuing education rather than reexamination. Of those favoring continuing education, a majority prefer a yearly minimum requirement of at least 10 hours, a three-year review cycle, a sharing of costs by therapists and employers, provision of courses by the national association, approval of courses by the district or state association, and awarding of credit for demonstrated improved performance at the course. Of those favoring periodic reexamination, a majority preferred a five-year cycle, self-assessment methods available prior to reexamination, a sharing of costs by therapists and government, and an oral examination that the national association would compose but academic institutions administer. Both groups favor probationary status for noncompliance. Based on the findings, some implications for adoption and implementation of either system for the physical therapy profession are discussed. | ['Accreditation', 'Attitude', 'Education, Continuing', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Licensure', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States'] | 7,243,898 | [['N03.706.110.070', 'N05.700.200.100'], ['F01.100'], ['I02.358.212'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.110.510', 'N05.700.200.450'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']] | ['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Optimizing recovery after laparoscopic colon surgery (ORAL-CS): effect of intravenous ketorolac on length of hospital stay. | BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine if intravenous ketorolac can reduce ileus following laparoscopic colorectal surgery, thus shortening hospital stay.METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection and receiving morphine patient controlled analgesia (PCA) and either intravenous ketorolac (group A) or placebo (group B), for 48 h after surgery. Daily assessments were made by a blinded assistant for level of pain control. Diet advancement and discharge were decided according to strictly defined criteria.RESULTS: From October 2002 to March 2005, 190 patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Of this total, 84 patients were eligible for this study and 70 consented. Another 26 patients were excluded, leaving 22 patients in each group. Two patients who suffered anastomotic leaks in the early postoperative period were excluded from further analysis. Median length of stay for the entire study was 4.0 days, with significant correlation between milligrams of morphine consumed and time to first flatus (r = 0.422, p = 0.005), full diet (r = 0.522, p < 0.001), and discharge (r = 0.437, p = 0.004). There we no differences between groups in age, body mass index, or operating time. Patients in group A consumed less morphine (33 +/- 31 mg versus 63 +/- 41 mg, p = 0.011), and had less time to first flatus (median 2.0 days versus 3.0 days, p < 0.001) and full diet (median 2.5 days versus 3.0 days, p = 0.033). The reduction in length of stay was not significant (mean 3.6 days versus 4.5 days, median 4.0 days versus 4.0 days, p = 0.142). Pain control was superior in group A. Three patients required readmission for treatment of five anastomotic leaks (4 in group A versus 1 in group B, p = 0.15). Two of them underwent reoperation.CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ketorolac was efficacious in improving pain control and reducing postoperative ileus when anastomotic leaks were excluded. This simple intervention shows promise in reducing hospital stay, although the outcome was not statistically significant. The high number of leaks is inconsistent with this group's experience and is of concern. | ['Aged', 'Analgesia, Patient-Controlled', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Colectomy', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileus', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Ketorolac', 'Laparoscopy', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Postoperative Care', 'Recovery of Function', 'Reoperation', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 17,440,782 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.091.120'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['E04.035'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E04.210.219'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531.492'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D03.633.100.473.420.485'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['G16.757'], ['E04.690'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Estrogen receptor-beta messenger RNA expression in human breast tumor biopsies: relationship to steroid receptor status and regulation by progestins. | When the level of estrogen receptor (ER)-beta mRNA in tumors, determined by reverse transcription-PCR, was assessed according to either ER status or PR status alone, determined by ligand binding assays, the level of ER-beta mRNA was significantly lower in PR+ tumors compared with PR- tumors (P = 0.036), and no association with ER status was found. Subgroup analysis showed that ER-beta mRNA expression in ER+/PR+ breast tumors was significantly less than in ER+/PR- (P = 0.009), ER-/PR+ (P = 0.029), and ER-/PR- (P = 0.023) groups. Interestingly, the ER-beta mRNA expression was specifically decreased by progestin in T47D breast cancer cells. The data suggest the possibility that expression of ER-beta in human breast tumors is a marker of endocrine therapy responsiveness. | ['Biopsy', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Estrogen Receptor beta', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Progestins', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured'] | 9,973,194 | [['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.858'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['A11.251.860']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Homeostatic regulation of intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission in a developing visual circuit. | One of the major challenges faced by the developing visual system is how to stably process visual information, yet at the same time remain flexible enough to accommodate growth and plasticity induced by visual experience. We find that in the Xenopus retinotectal circuit, during a period in development when the retinotectal map undergoes activity-dependent refinement and visual inputs strengthen, tectal neurons adapt their intrinsic excitability such that a stable relationship between the total level of synaptic input and tectal neuron spike output is conserved. This homeostatic balance between synaptic and intrinsic properties is maintained, in part, via regulation of voltage-gated Na+ currents, resulting in a stable neuronal input-output function. We experimentally manipulated intrinsic excitability or synapse strengthening in developing tectal neurons in vivo by electroporation of a leak K+ channel gene or a peptide that interferes with normal AMPA receptor trafficking. Both manipulations resulted in a compensatory increase in voltage-gated Na+ currents. This suggests that intrinsic neuronal properties are actively regulated as a function of the total level of neuronal activity experienced during development. We conclude that the coordinated changes between synaptic and intrinsic properties allow developing optic tectal neurons to remain within a stable dynamic range, even as the pattern and strength of visual inputs changes over development, suggesting that homeostatic regulation of intrinsic properties plays a central role in the functional development of neural circuits. | ['Animals', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Homeostasis', 'Nerve Net', 'Superior Colliculi', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Visual Pathways', 'Xenopus laevis'] | 17,670,973 | [['B01.050'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['G07.410'], ['A08.511'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.800.816'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['A08.612.220.860'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Discharge characteristics of axotomized abducens internuclear neurons in the adult cat. | The aim of the present work was to characterize the axotomy-induced changes in the discharge properties of central nervous system neurons recorded in the alert behaving animal. The abducens internuclear neurons of the adult cat were the chosen model. The axons of these neurons course through the contralateral medial longitudinal fascicle and contact the medial rectus motoneurons of the oculomotor nucleus. Axotomy was carried out by the unilateral transection of this fascicle (right side) and produced immediate oculomotor deficits, mainly the incapacity of the right eye to adduct across the midline. Extracellular single-unit recording of abducens neurons was carried out simultaneously with eye movements. The main alteration observed in the firing of these axotomized neurons was the overall decrease in firing rate. During eye fixations, the tonic signal was reduced, and, on occasion, a progressive decay in firing rate was observed. On-directed saccades were not accompanied by the high-frequency spike burst typical of controls; instead, there was a moderate increase in firing. Similarly, during the vestibular nystagmus, neurons hardly modulated during both the slow and the fast phases. Linear regression analysis between firing rate and eye movement parameters showed a significant reduction in eye position and velocity sensitivities with respect to controls, during both spontaneous and vestibularly induced eye movements. These firing alterations were observed during the 3 month period of study after lesion, with no sign of recovery. Conversely, abducens motoneurons showed no significant alteration in their firing pattern. Therefore, axotomy produced long-lasting changes in the discharge characteristics of abducens internuclear neurons that presumably reflected the loss of afferent oculomotor signals. These alterations might be due to the absence of trophic influences derived from the target. | ['Abducens Nerve', 'Action Potentials', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Axotomy', 'Cats', 'Electrophysiology', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Head Movements', 'Interneurons', 'Motor Neurons', 'Ocular Motility Disorders', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth'] | 11,054,701 | [['A08.800.800.120.030'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['G11.427.410.478'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['C10.228.758', 'C10.292.562', 'C11.590'], ['A09.246.300.909']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Digital in vivo 3D atlas of the antennal lobe of Drosophila melanogaster. | As a model for primary olfactory perception, the antennal lobe (AL) of Drosophila melanogaster is among the most thoroughly investigated and well-understood neuronal structures. Most studies investigating the functional properties and neuronal wiring of the AL are conducted in vivo, although so far the AL morphology has been mainly analyzed in vitro. Identifying the morphological subunits of the AL-the olfactory glomeruli-is usually done using in vitro AL atlases. However, the dissection and fixation procedure causes not only strong volumetric but also geometrical modifications; the result is unpredictable dislocation and a distortion of the AL glomeruli between the in vitro and in vivo brains. Hence, to characterize these artifacts, which are caused by in vitro processing, and to reliably identify glomeruli for in vivo applications, we generated a transgenic fly that expresses the red fluorescent protein DsRed directly fused to the presynaptic protein n-synaptobrevin, under the control of the pan-neuronal promotor elav to label the neuropil in the live animal. Using this fly line, we generated a digital 3D atlas of the live Drosophila AL; this atlas, the first of its kind, provides an excellent geometric match for in vivo studies. We verified the identity of 63% of AL glomeruli by mapping the projections of 34 GAL4-lines of individual chemosensory receptor genes. Moreover, we characterized the innervation patterns of the two most frequently used GAL4-lines in olfactory research: Orco- and GH146-GAL4. The new in vivo AL atlas will be accessible online to the neuroscience community. | ['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Arthropod Antennae', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Nerve Net', 'Transcription Factors'] | 25,327,641 | [['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['A13.093'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.532'], ['A08.511'], ['D12.776.930']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Damage of chromosoms under irradiation of human blood lymphocytes and development of bystander effect. | OBJECTIVE: the research the distribution of radiation induced damages among chromosomes and their bands in irra diated in vitro human blood lymphocytes and in unirradiated bystander cells.Material and methods of research: cultivation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by semi micromethod D.A. Hungerford, modeling of radiation induced bystander effect in mixed cultures consisting of irradiated in vitro and non irradiated blood lymphocytes from persons of different gender, GTG staining of metaphase chromosomes and their cytogenetic analysis.RESULTS: Break points in chromosomes under the formation of aberrations were identified in exposed in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes in doses 0.25 Gy (95 breaks in 1248 cells) and 1.0 Gy (227 breaks in 726 cells) and in non irradiated bystander cells under their joint cultivation with irradiated in vitro human lymphocytes (51 breaks in 1137 cells at irradiation of adjacent populations of lymphocytes in dose 0.25 Gy and 75 breaks in 1321 cells at irradiation of adjacent population of lymphocytes in a dose 1.0 Gy). The distribution of injuries among the chromo somes and their bands was investigated.CONCLUSIONS: in radiation exposed in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as in bystander cells the fre quency of damaged bands and number of breaks which localized in them exceeded the control value (p < 0.01). As under direct radiation exposure, as under formation of breaks due to induction of bystander effect, chromosomes were damaged according to their relative length. Location of bands with increasing number of breaks coincided with the «hot spots» of chromosome damage following irradiation and fragile sites. More sensitive to damage were G negative euchromatin chromosome bands, in which were localized 82 88 % breaks. Damageability of telomeric regions in the irradiated cells had no significant difference from the control, while in bystander cells was lower than control value (p < 0.05). | ['Bystander Effect', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Telomere'] | 28,027,549 | [['G04.085.155'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Modification of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K+ channel by trypsin in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. | 1. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channel current was recorded in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes using the patch clamp technique with inside-out patch configuration. Modification of the channel activity by intracellular application of an endoprotease trypsin was studied, and was related to a possible model of regulation of this channel. 2. Maximal ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity was observed immediately upon formation of inside-out patches in the ATP-free internal solution, thereafter activity declined both spontaneously and gradually with time; a phenomenon known as rundown. When trypsin (1 mg/ml) was applied to the intracellular side of the membrane upon formation of inside-out patches, spontaneous run-down did not occur, and this trypsin action was irreversible. Neither trypsin (1 mg/ml) applied with trypsin inhibitor (0.25 mg/ml) nor heat-denatured trypsin (1 mg/ml) could mimic this effect. When trypsin was applied to the patches after run-down, channels were reactivated at approximately 13 min. 3. Treatment with trypsin did not affect unitary current amplitude, channel gating kinetics, or sensitivity to intracellular ATP. 4. Intracellularly applied Ca2+ induced run-down of channel activity in a dose-dependent manner. In membrane patches that were treated with trypsin (1 mg/ml) for 20 min, intracellularly applied Ca2+ up to 1 mM did not induce run-down of channel activity. 5. Intracellular application of an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (1 mg/ml), but not Leu-aminopeptidase (0.5 mg/ml), prevented spontaneous or Ca(2+)-induced run-down of channel activity. 6. As postulated for several other channels, such as Na+ and Ca2+ channels, there may be a possible 'chemical gate' that is responsible for run-down of this channel activity. Application of trypsin might somehow modify this 'chemical gate', resulting in prevention of spontaneous or Ca(2+)-induced run-down. This target site for trypsin may be situated on the carboxy-terminus of the channel proteins, or of associated regulatory units. Because ATP sensitivity remained intact after trypsin treatment, the trypsin-selective site for channel inhibition is not related physically to the ATP binding site. | ['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Carboxypeptidases', 'Carboxypeptidases A', 'Drug Resistance', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Ethers, Cyclic', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart Ventricles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Myocardium', 'Okadaic Acid', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Potassium Channels', 'Trypsin'] | 8,410,713 | [['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.245'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.245.250', 'D08.811.277.656.350.555.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.555.350'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['D02.355.291', 'D04.345.241'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541.560'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D02.355.291.705', 'D23.946.580.710'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis. | BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands have been shown to ameliorate a variety of inflammatory conditions. The present study tested the hypothesis that PPAR-gamma ligands reduce experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) associated with inhibition of the expansion and activation of T cells, as well as suppression of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.METHODS AND RESULTS: EAM was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with porcine cardiac myosin. PPAR-gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) 200 microg/kg/day i.p. and pioglitazone (PIO) 10 mg/kg/day orally, were administered for 3 weeks to rats with EAM. The results showed that enhanced PPAR-gamma expression was prominently stained in the nuclear and perinuclear regions of infiltrating inflammatory cells. Administration of PPAR-gamma ligands markedly reduced the severity of myocarditis, as shown by comparing the heart weight/body weight ratio, pericardial effusion scores, macroscopic scores and microscopic scores. PPAR-gamma ligands suppressed myocardial mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta protein in rats with EAM. In addition, 15d-PGJ(2) and PIO treatment suppressed the proliferative response and interferon-gamma production of T cell-enriched splenocytes from rats with EAM. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity and myocardiogenic potential of these T cells were inhibited by 15d-PGJ(2) treatment.CONCLUSIONS: PPAR-gamma may play a role in the pathophysiology of EAM. PPAR-gamma ligands ameliorate the EAM associated with suppression of the expansion and activation of myocardiogenic T cells, as well as inhibition of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that PPAR-gamma ligands such as 15d-PGJ(2) and PIO may have the potential to modulate human inflammatory heart diseases such as myocarditis. | ['Animals', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Interleukin-1', 'Models, Animal', 'Myocarditis', 'Pioglitazone', 'Prostaglandin D2', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Thiazolidinediones', 'Transcription Factors'] | 14,499,870 | [['B01.050'], ['C20.111'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['E05.598'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['D02.886.675.933.250', 'D03.383.129.708.933.250'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.200.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.200.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['D12.776.826'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933'], ['D12.776.930']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Neurothelin: amino acid sequence, cell surface dynamics and actin colocalization. | Neurothelin is a cell surface protein of chicken endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier and also of pigment epithelial cells forming the blood-eye barrier. Peptide sequencing of affinity-purified neurothelin revealed that it is likely to be identical with the protein called HT7. It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily having two extracellular C2-type domains, a membrane spanning region and a cytoplasmic tail. During development neurothelin cell surface localization changed on pigment epithelial cells. In early embryogenesis neurothelin was found preferentially at lateral sites of neighboring epithelial cells, but after hatching, predominantly on basal cell surfaces and on apical microvilli of epithelial cells that contact retinal photoreceptors. Disruption of cell-cell contacts induced a rapid change of neurothelin distribution on the cell surface in vitro as could be shown by confocal laser microscopy. Disintegration of microfilaments by cytochalasin D hampered this specific cell surface rearrangement of neurothelin, whereas depolymerization of microtubules by demecolcine had no effect. In double-labeling experiments neurothelin and F-actin were colocalized. The data suggest that the polarized cell surface distribution of neurothelin is influenced intracellularly by F-actin and extracellularly by cell-cell interactions. | ['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Avian Proteins', 'Basigin', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Blood-Retinal Barrier', 'Cell Communication', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chickens', 'Cytochalasin D', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Eye Proteins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye'] | 8,575,462 | [['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D12.776.095'], ['D12.776.395.550.045', 'D12.776.543.550.187', 'D23.050.285.040'], ['D12.776.124'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['A07.040', 'A09.371.729.055'], ['G04.085'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D03.633.100.473.231.450', 'D23.946.587.370.450'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.306'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Time-dependent postmortem redistribution of butyrfentanyl and its metabolites in blood and alternative matrices in a case of butyrfentanyl intoxication. | A fatal case of butyrfentanyl poisoning was investigated at the Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine. At admission at the institute approx. 9h after death (first time point, t1), femoral and heart blood (right ventricle) was collected, as well as samples from the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and adipose tissue using computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy sampling. At autopsy (t2), samples from the same body regions were collected manually. Additionally, urine, heart blood (left ventricle), gastric content, brain samples and hair were collected. Butyrfentanyl concentrations and relative concentrations of the metabolites carboxy-, hydroxy-, nor-, and desbutyrfentanyl were determined by LC-MS/MS and LC-QTOF. At t1, butyrfentanyl concentrations were 66ng/mL in femoral blood, 39ng/mL in heart blood, 110ng/g in muscle, 57ng/g in liver, 160ng/g in kidney, 3100ng/g in lung, 590ng/g in spleen and 550ng/g in adipose tissue. At t2, butyrfentanyl concentration in urine was 1100ng/mL, in gastric content 2000ng/mL, in hair 11,000pg/mg and brain concentrations ranged between 200-340ng/g. Carboxy- and hydroxybutyrfentanyl were identified as most abundant metabolites. Comparison of t1 and t2 showed a concentration increase of butyrfentanyl in femoral blood of 120%, in heart blood of 55% and a decrease in lung of 30% within 19h. No clear concentration changes could be observed in the other matrices. Postmortem concentration changes were also observed for the metabolites. In conclusion, butyrfentanyl seems to be prone to postmortem redistribution processes and concentrations in forensic death cases should be interpreted with caution. | ['Autopsy', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Fentanyl', 'Humans', 'Postmortem Changes', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Distribution'] | 27,289,433 | [['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Structural alterations in the latissimus dorsi muscles in three patients more than 2 years after a cardiomyoplasty procedure. | AIMS: The long-term effects of the use of the latissimus dorsi muscle for dynamic cardiomyoplasty were studied. Skeletal muscle fast fatiguable type II fibres are transformed to highly fatigue-resistant type I fibres in animal models, and is assumed to occur in men. However, it is not known whether this same transformation occurs in patients with chronic heart failure.METHODS AND RESULTS: Three patients who underwent a cardiomyoplasty procedure (pre-operative NYHA class IV) were studied. The left latissimus dorsi muscle was stimulated, according to routine clinical protocol, with 30 Hz bursts in a 2:1 ratio to cardiac activation. The patients died more than 2 years after surgery and five autopsy samples were obtained at defined places in the wrapped muscle. In the proximal part of the latissimus dorsi muscle, the type I fibres comprised 68-80% in all three patients, whereas peroperatively type I fibres comprised 17-30% indicating significant but not complete transformation. Transformation in the latissimus dorsi muscle as a whole appeared to be inhomogeneous, with type I fibres ranging from 10-80%. An extensive amount of muscle fibre appeared to be replaced by fatty tissue (10%-50%). This occurred at random and resulted in complete loss of muscle structure. A significant increase in the density of small arteries was observed in the latissimus dorsi after transformation.CONCLUSIONS: In these patients, muscle fibre type transformation was not as complete as that observed in animal experiments, and was accompanied by loss of muscle viability. The stimulation current in the latissimus dorsi muscle appeared not to be the direct cause of local tissue lipomatosis or collagen deposition. | ['Aged', 'Cardiac Output, Low', 'Cardiomyoplasty', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch', 'Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch', 'Muscle, Skeletal'] | 9,519,326 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.148', 'C23.888.192'], ['E04.100.376.125', 'E04.928.220.220'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.600', 'A11.620.249.400'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.700', 'A11.620.249.700'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: investigation of possible etiologic factors. | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of serum vitamin B(12), folic acid, iron, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels as well as family history and cigarette smoking with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).METHODS: Thirty-four patients with RAS and 32 control subjects were included in this controlled prospective screening study. Both groups received a questionnaire, and serum screening tests were performed. The collected data were analyzed using chi(2) test and binary logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Family history was found to be the most significant predisposing factor for RAS among the investigated ones. Regarding the serum tests, only vitamin B(12) was found to have significant correlation with RAS. Patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency, positive family history, and nonsmoking status have been found to have the highest risk for having RAS.CONCLUSIONS: RAS is a multifactorial disease. Positive family history, vitamin B(12) deficiency, and nonsmoking status are among the important predisposing factors. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Calcium', 'Causality', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Logistic Models', 'Magnesium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phosphorus', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Stomatitis, Aphthous', 'Vitamin B 12', 'Vitamin B 12 Deficiency'] | 16,798,397 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['C07.465.864.750'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.923']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
[Evaluation of acceptance rate and outcome of renal replacement therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy--multicenter study]. | Development of dialysis methods and progress in kidney and pancreas transplantation allowed to treat an increasing number of patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy (D.N.). This report evaluates availability and results of treatment in these patients. 31.12.93 in Gdansk and Bydgoszcz area there were treated 519 patients, including 43 (8.2%) with D.N. It is impossible to evaluate the demand for renal replacement therapy in patients with D.N., because there is no exact data concerning diabetic patients with progressing renal failure. Up to now 88 patients with D.M. (68 with IDDM, 20 with NIDDM) were treat in this area. Most of them (92%) were treated with hemodialysis is and only a few with CAPD, 13 patients received a kidney graft. The average patient survival on dialysis treatment in NIDDM patients was 15 months and in IDDM patients was 11 months. Deaths were mainly caused by cardiovascular complications. The results of renal replacement therapy in these patients cannot be compared with data from other re ports, because the treatment was introduced at advanced stage of D.N. in patients with systemic complications (serum creatinine in IDDM was 9.7 md% and in NIDDM was 6.2% mg%). Following conclusions can be drawn from our observations: 1. There is a need for close cooperation between diabetologist and nephrologist in repeat of evaluation of the demand for renal replacement therapy and time for its institution in a particular patient. 2. The choice of method of renal replacement therapy depends on clinical findings in a particular patient but also on methods available in a particular center. 3. Improvement of therapy outcome can be achieved primarily by earlier institution of dialysis (serum creatinine below 5 m5%). | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 8,650,029 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Fractures of the greater tuberosity presenting as rotator cuff abnormality: magnetic resonance demonstration. | BACKGROUND: To show that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful to diagnose radiographically invisible greater tuberosity fractures in patients with clinical presentations suspicious for rotator cuff injury.METHODS: Six patients with subtle greater tuberosity fractures who were sent for MRI because of possible rotator cuff tear are reviewed (age range, 27-51 years; mean, 40.5 +/- 8.4 years). Five of the patients recount direct trauma to their shoulders, whereas one noticed shoulder pain after a fall in which she fractured her ankle.RESULTS: MRI showed an area of edema confined to the greater tuberosity with linear low signal extending through the tuberosity consistent with a fracture in all cases. Although five patients had a complete set of shoulder radiographs before MRI, these were interpreted as normal in all cases. Full-thickness rotator cuff tears were not present in any of the cases. All of the patients were treated conservatively with good results.CONCLUSIONS: MRI can prevent unnecessary arthroscopy in patients clinically suspected of rotator cuff damage by showing subtle fractures of the greater tuberosity not visible on radiographs. | ['Accidental Falls', 'Adult', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Female', 'Hockey', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rotation', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Shoulder Fractures', 'Skating'] | 9,555,840 | [['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['I03.450.642.845.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.482.703'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C26.404.625', 'C26.803.250'], ['I03.450.642.845.700']] | ['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Cost-effectiveness model of empiric doripenem compared with imipenem-cilastatin in ventilator-associated pneumonia. | BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication of critical illness among surgical and trauma patients. Inappropriate empiric treatment of VAP increases the mortality rate. The rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) VAP susceptibility to doripenem (DOR) are higher than those to imipenem-cilastatin (IMI). We developed a model to quantify outcome differences between strategies of empiric treatment of VAP with DOR vs. IMI.METHODS: We designed a cost-effectiveness model comparing empiric treatment of VAP with DOR vs. IMI from both the hospital and societal perspectives. We examined the differences in the number of deaths, hospital length of stay (LOS), total costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) under each scenario and conducted Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analyses to determine the stability of our estimates. Drug costs were taken as 80% of wholesale acquisition costs, with other inputs derived from the literature.RESULTS: In the base case analysis, assuming a PA-VAP attributable mortality rate of 38.4% and a 49% relative risk reduction in deaths in PA-sensitive (PA-S) infections to empiric drug compared with a resistant PA (PA-R) organism, DOR use resulted in three additional deaths avoided, 117.4 days of hospitalization averted, and hospital savings of $422,524 per 1,000 patients treated at a cost of $5,748/QALY. All estimates were most sensitive to the costs of treating PA-S and PA-R infections. In a multivariable analysis, hospital cost savings persisted across >80% of the simulations (95% confidence interval $432,615-$2,148,540).CONCLUSIONS: Given the current microbiologic sensitivity profile of PA to DOR and IMI, and depending on the local susceptibility patterns and in institutions where DOR in vitro susceptibilities are superior to those of other carbapenems for PA clinical isolates, empiric treatment of VAP with DOR may dominate that with IMI by being both life- and cost-saving. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Carbapenems', 'Cilastatin', 'Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Doripenem', 'Drug Combinations', 'Humans', 'Imipenem', 'Length of Stay', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Young Adult'] | 20,666,580 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.124', 'D03.633.100.300.124'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.533.200', 'D10.251.355.325.200'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.500.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.533.200.500', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.500.500', 'D10.251.355.325.200.500', 'D26.310.356'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.150', 'D03.633.100.300.124.150'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.500', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.500'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.248.250.500', 'C01.748.610.300.500', 'C08.381.677.300.500', 'C08.730.610.300.500', 'C23.550.291.875.500.500.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Osteoactivin inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is mediated through CD44-ERK signaling. | Osteoactivin is a heavily glycosylated protein shown to have a role in bone remodeling. Previous studies from our lab have shown that mutation in Osteoactivin enhances osteoclast differentiation but inhibits their function. To date, a classical receptor and a signaling pathway for Osteoactivin-mediated osteoclast inhibition has not yet been characterized. In this study, we examined the role of Osteoactivin treatment on osteoclastogenesis using bone marrow-derived osteoclast progenitor cells and identify a signaling pathway relating to Osteoactivin function. We reveal that recombinant Osteoactivin treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner shown by qPCR, TRAP staining, activity and count. Using several approaches, we show that Osteoactivin binds CD44 in osteoclasts. Furthermore, recombinant Osteoactivin treatment inhibited ERK phosphorylation in a CD44-dependent manner. Finally, we examined the role of Osteoactivin on receptor activator of nuclear factor-ê B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteolysis in vivo. Our data indicate that recombinant Osteoactivin inhibits RANKL-induced osteolysis in vivo and this effect is CD44-dependent. Overall, our data indicate that Osteoactivin is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and that this process is regulated through CD44 and ERK activation. | ['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Eye Proteins', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Osteoclasts', 'RANK Ligand', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Signal Transduction'] | 27,585,719 | [['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.306'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Characterization of Bacterial Microbiota in Tilapia Fillets Under Different Storage Temperatures. | This paper investigates the bacterial microbiota in tilapia fillets under cold (4 °C), iced (0 °C), and superchilled (-3 °C) storage conditions. At 4 °C, at least seven species/strains of Pseudomonas were detected in the fillets, five of which were dominant either at a certain stage or throughout the entire storage period. Shewanella was less dominant than Pseudomonas at 4 °C, while Serratia became dominant after 6 days storage at 4 °C. The microbiota in fillets stored at 0 and -3 °C were very similar and rarely changed during storage, yet differed greatly from the microbiota at 4 °C. Only two Pseudomonas species/strains grew at 0 and -3 °C, one of which was the most dominant. A Vibrionimonas sp. not found at 4 °C was found to be the second most dominant species at 0 and -3 °C. Shewanella and Psychrobacter were also present at 0 and -3 °C but were the minor genera. The most dominant strains at -3, 0, and 4 °C were separately isolated and subjected to full length 16S rDNA sequencing, which demonstrated that they were identical and were Pseudomonas fluorescens. The changes of the total bacterial count and TVBN value of the fillets inoculated with the isolated P. fluorescens were very similar to those of fillets with natural microbiota. This implies that P. fluorescens is the most important spoiler of tilapia fillets at -3, 0, or 4 °C. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research shows that fewer species of bacteria survive at 0 and -3 °C than those at 4 °C, while among these bacteria, the most important spoiler is P. fluorescens. This may provide some clues to extend the shelf life of tilapia fillets by taking some inhibitory measures targeted at P. fluorescens in the future. | ['Animals', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Load', 'Cold Temperature', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Food Storage', 'Microbiota', 'Pseudomonas', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Serratia', 'Temperature', 'Tilapia', 'Time Factors'] | 31,066,925 | [['B01.050'], ['B03'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['J01.576.423.200.387'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['B03.440.450.425.814', 'B03.660.250.150.720'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.200.800'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Clinical Benefit of Preoperative Exercise and Nutritional Therapy for Patients Undergoing Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgeries for Malignancy. | BACKGROUND: The impact of prehabilitation on physical fitness and postoperative course after hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgeries for malignancy is unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative exercise and nutritional therapies on nutritional status, physical fitness, and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing an invasive HPB surgery for malignancy.METHODS: Patients who underwent open abdominal surgeries for HPB malignancies (major hepatectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, or hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy) between 2016 and 2017 were subjected to prehabilitation. Patients before the introduction of prehabilitation were included as historical control subjects for 1:1 propensity score-matching (no-prehabilitation group). The preoperative nutritional status and postoperative course were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The prehabilitation group consisted of 76 patients scheduled to undergo HPB surgeries for malignancy. An identical number of patients were selected as the no-prehabilitation group after propensity score-matching. During the waiting period, serum albumin levels were significantly deteriorated in the no-prehabilitation group, whereas this index did not deteriorate or even improved in the prehabilitation group. By performing prehabilitation, a 6-min walk distance and total muscle/fat ratio were significantly increased during the waiting period. Although the overall incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups, the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the prehabilitation group than in the no-prehabilitation group (median, 23 vs 30 days; p = 0.045).CONCLUSION: The introduction of prehabilitation prevented nutritional deterioration, improved physical fitness before surgery, and shortened the postoperative hospital stay for the patients undergoing HPB surgeries for malignancy. | ['Aged', 'Biliary Tract Neoplasms', 'Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutrition Therapy', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreaticoduodenectomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Recovery of Function'] | 30,367,303 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.120', 'C06.130.320', 'C06.301.120'], ['E04.210.120'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.642'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E04.210.760'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789'], ['G16.757']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Pet fish radiography: technique and case history reports. | Radiography can be used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of pet fish diseases. Handling, restraint and radiographic technique for the radiographic examination of pet fish is described. Quality diagnostic images can be obtained with standard radiographic equipment and radiographic techniques. Fishes with undifferentiated sarcoma, swim bladder herniation and scoliosis are three clinical examples that are described where radiography was used in the management of the patient. Conventional radiography appears to be best for evaluating skeletal and swim bladder diseases. Alternate imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may enhance the evaluation of coelomic soft tissue structures. | ['Air Sacs', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Anesthetics, General', 'Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Bone Diseases', 'Carps', 'Female', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fishes', 'Goldfish', 'Hernia', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mesylates', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Safety', 'Sarcoma', 'Scoliosis', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Transportation'] | 9,238,766 | [['A13.048'], ['E03.155.197'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.116'], ['C05.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248'], ['C22.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248.480'], ['C23.300.707'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050.500', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['C08'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['C05.116.900.800.875'], ['C04.588.839'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['J01.937']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Effect of different vitamin D supplementations in poultry feed on vitamin D content of eggs and chicken meat. | According to a new European Union regulation, vitamin D(3) can be partially or totally substituted with 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-OH-D(3)) in hens' feed. The purpose of this study was to clarify how this regulation has affected the vitamin D content of commercial eggs and chicken meat. Another aim was to investigate how effectively 25-OH-D(3) is transferred from the hens' diet to egg yolk by analyzing eggs from farms using known commercial feeds and by conducting an animal study. Vitamin D determinations were made by HPLC methods. The vitamin D(3) contents of two commercial egg yolk pools were 4.9 ± 0.14 and 4.0 ± 0.10 ìg/100 g, and the 25-OH-D(3) contents were 1.3 ± 0.19 and 1.0 ± 0.07 ìg/100 g. The chicken meat pools contained 0.2-0.3 ìg of vitamin D(3)/100 g, whereas the content of 25-OH-D(3) was ?0.2 ìg/100 g. These results are comparable to earlier data. The animal and farm studies showed that 25-OH-D(3) was effectively transferred from the hens' diet to yolk. However, because the relative activity between 25-OH-D(3) and vitamin D(3) is unknown, it remains questionable whether the use of 25-OH-D(3) in hens' feed is beneficial to human vitamin D intake from eggs. | ['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Eggs', 'Female', 'Male', 'Meat'] | 21,696,169 | [['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Engineering Human Stem Cell Lines with Inducible Gene Knockout using CRISPR/Cas9. | Precise temporal control of gene expression or deletion is critical for elucidating gene function in biological systems. However, the establishment of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines with inducible gene knockout (iKO) remains challenging. We explored building iKO hPSC lines by combining CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing with the Flp/FRT and Cre/LoxP system. We found that "dual-sgRNA targeting" is essential for biallelic knockin of FRT sequences to flank the exon. We further developed a strategy to simultaneously insert an activity-controllable recombinase-expressing cassette and remove the drug-resistance gene, thus speeding up the generation of iKO hPSC lines. This two-step strategy was used to establish human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with iKO of SOX2, PAX6, OTX2, and AGO2, genes that exhibit diverse structural layout and temporal expression patterns. The availability of iKO hPSC lines will substantially transform the way we examine gene function in human cells. | ['Base Sequence', 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Exons', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Knock-In Techniques', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Gene Targeting', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Otx Transcription Factors', 'Phospholipid Transfer Proteins', 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'RNA, Guide', 'Stem Cells'] | 26,145,478 | [['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.308.203.374.394'], ['G04.152'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.308'], ['E05.393.335.249'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['E05.393.335'], ['E05.393.420'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['D12.776.260.400.718', 'D12.776.930.650'], ['D12.776.157.674', 'D12.776.543.693'], ['A11.872.700'], ['D13.444.735.790.552.625'], ['A11.872']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Randomized trial of 8-week versus 12-week VNCOP-B plus G-CSF regimens as front-line treatment in elderly aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. | BACKGROUND: Among the third-generation chemotherapy regimens specifically adapted in the last decade for elderly aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, we designed an 8-week cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, etoposide, bleomycin and prednisone (VNCOP-B) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) regimen which, in a national multicenter trial, induced good complete response (CR) and relapse-free survival rates with only moderate toxic effects. Here we report a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and toxicity of 8- and 12-week regimens of VNCOP-B plus G-CSF.PATIENTS AND METHODS: From February 1996 to June 2001, 306 consecutive previously untreated stage II-IV aggressive NHL patients > or =60 years of age were enrolled from 12 Italian cooperative institutions. Of the 297 evaluable patients, 149 and 148 received 8- and 12-week regimens, respectively, of VNCOP-B.RESULTS: The CR rates were 63% and 56% in the 8- and 12-week groups; at a median of 32 months (range 3-62 months), relapse-free survival rates were 59% and 55%, respectively. Hematological and non-hematological toxicities were similar in both treatment groups.CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that extending induction treatment with the VNCOP-B plus G-CSF regimen from 8 to 12 weeks does not raise the CR rate or provide a more durable remission. | ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bleomycin', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitoxantrone', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prednisone', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vincristine'] | 12,196,361 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159.500', 'D02.806.100.500', 'D04.615.117.159.500'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
CRY-DASH gene expression is under the control of the circadian clock machinery in tomato. | Recently a new member of the blue-light photoreceptor family, CRY-DASH, was reported in Arabidopsis, though its distinctive biological functions are still unclear. We characterized the CRY-DASH gene of tomato and evidenced that its mRNA is expressed in both seeds and adult organs showing diurnal and circadian fluctuations. Moreover, the CRY-DASH transcription pattern is altered in both in a cry1a mutant and in a transgenic CRY2 overexpressor suggesting that CRY-DASH regulation must be mediated at least partially by an interaction of CRY1a and CRY2 with the timekeeping mechanism. | ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Flavoproteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid'] | 16,876,787 | [['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D12.776.331'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.