Title stringlengths 1 395 ⌀ | abstractText stringlengths 57 5.98k | meshMajor stringlengths 14 1.03k | pmid int64 22 33.2M | meshid stringlengths 2 3.14k | meshroot stringlengths 2 421 | A int64 0 1 | B int64 0 1 | C int64 0 1 | D int64 0 1 | E int64 0 1 | F int64 0 1 | G int64 0 1 | H int64 0 1 | I int64 0 1 | J int64 0 1 | L int64 0 1 | M int64 0 1 | N int64 0 1 | Z int64 0 1 |
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Effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni in vitro. | The effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations (MIC 50 and MIC 25) of clindamycin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol on the adherence of Campylobacter jejuni to INT 407 cells were studied. The results indicated that the adhesion was inhibited at various extents, mostly by MIC 50, and that the inhibition increased with time. The interpretation of our data is that the antibiotics can interfere with the adhesin(s) synthesis. | ['Analysis of Variance', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Campylobacter fetus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Clindamycin', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Erythromycin', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests'] | 3,663,336 | [['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.099.050'], ['B03.440.180.325', 'B03.660.150.235.250.500.220'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['D03.383.773.532.500.125', 'D09.408.471.500.125'], ['A11.436'], ['D02.540.576.500.992'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Heat debt as an index for cold adaptation in men. | Several types of cold adaptation in men have been described in the literature (metabolic, insulative, hypothermic). The aim of this study is to show that the decrease of heat debt can be considered as a new index for cold adaptation. Ten male subjects were acclimated by water immersions (temperature 10-15 degrees C, 4 immersions/wk over 2 mo). Thermoregulatory responses before and after acclimation were tested by a standard cold test in a climatic chamber for 2 h at rest [dry bulb temperature (Tdb): 10 degrees C; relative humidity (rh): 25%]. After adaptation, four thermoregulatory modifications were observed: an increase in the delay for the onset of shivering (32.7 +/- 7.99 instead of 14.1 +/- 5.25 min); a decrease of body temperature levels for the onset of shivering [rectal temperature (Tre): 37.06 +/- 0.08 instead of 37.31 +/- 0.06 degrees C; mean skin temperature (Tsk): 24.83 +/- 0.56 instead of 26.86 +/- 0.46 degrees C; mean body temperature (Tb): 33.03 +/- 0.20 instead of 34.16 +/- 0.37 degrees C); a lower level of body temperatures in thermoneutrality (Tre = 37.16 +/- 0.08 instead of 37.39 +/- 0.06 degrees C; Tsk = 31.29 +/- 0.21 instead of 32.01 +/- 0.22 degrees C; Tb = 35.92 +/- 0.08 instead of 36.22 +/- 0.05 degrees C); a decrease of heat debt calculated from the difference between heat gains and heat losses (5.66 +/- 0.08 instead of 8.33 +/- 0.38 kJ/kg). The different types of cold adaptation observed are related to the physical characteristics of the subjects (percent body fat content) and the level of physical fitness (VO2max).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | ['Acclimatization', 'Adult', 'Body Temperature', 'Cold Temperature', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Time Factors'] | 3,597,234 | [['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Re-evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase (RESK): Protocol for an Open-Label, Single-Arm, Multicenter Phase IV Trial for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Patients. | Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major medical challenge in China. Thrombolytic drugs recommended for the treatment of AIS usually have a narrow time window. Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2005 for the treatment of mild to moderate AIS, and it is thus widely used in China. However, large-scale clinical study data for a more complete understanding of various aspects of its safety and efficacy characteristics are still unavailable. The ongoing Reevaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase (RESK) trial is designed to reevaluate the safety and efficacy of HUK in Chinese patients with AIS. RESK is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase IV trial. A total of 2186 Chinese patients with AIS will be enrolled. All patients receive HUK by intravenous drip once daily for 21 consecutive days. The study has registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02562183). On 8 September 2016, 202 patients have been enrolled. Primary outcome includes the frequency and severity of adverse events. Secondary outcomes include functional improvement measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel index, and modified Rankin Scale, and recurrence rate of ischemic stroke. Data from large-scale clinical studies are still unavailable concerning the post-marketing use of HUK. The RESK study is designed to provide a comprehensive reevaluation of the safety and efficacy of HUK in Chinese patients with AIS.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study has registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02562183). | ['Administration, Intravenous', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Ischemia', 'China', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke', 'Tissue Kallikreins', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult'] | 28,265,861 | [['E02.319.267.082'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.875', 'D23.101.140.870'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
The role of intramembrane Ca2+ in the hydrolysis of the phospholipids of Escherichia coli by Ca2+-dependent phospholipases. | Ca2+-dependent phospholipases A require Ca2+ concentrations in the millimolar range for optimal activity toward artificial substrates. Because Ca2+-dependent phospholipases A2 degrade the phospholipids of Escherichia coli, treated with the membrane-active antibiotic polymixin B equally well with and without added Ca2+ (Weiss, J., Beckerdite-Quagliata, S., and Elsbach, P. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11010-11014), we have examined the possibility that intramembrane Ca2+ can provide the Ca2+ needed for phospholipase action. We studied the effect of Ca2+ depletion on the hydrolysis of the phospholipids of polymixin B-killed E. coli by 1) added pig pancreas phospholipase A2 in E. coli S17 (a phospholipase A-lacking mutant) and 2) endogenous Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A1 in the parent strain E. coli S15. Transfer of E. coli from nutrient broth (Ca2+ concentration approximately 3 X 10(-5) M) to Ca2+-depleted medium (Ca2+ concentration less than 10(-6)M) reduced polymixin B-induced hydrolysis by 50-75%, in parallel with a reduction of bacterial Ca2+ from 19.6 +/- 2.8 to 3.9 +/- 0.6 nmol (mean +/- standard error) per 3 X 10(10) bacteria. The bacterial Ca2+ content was repleted and the sensitivity of the bacterial phospholipids to hydrolysis by both exogenous phospholipase A2 (E. coli S17) and endogenous phospholipase A (E. coli S15) was restored by adding Ca2+ back to the suspensions. Complete restoration occurred at low Ca2+ levels in the reaction mixture (3 X 10(-5) - 10(-4) M) and required time, suggesting that hydrolysis was restored because bacterial Ca2+ stores were gradually replenished and not because extracellular Ca2+ concentrations were raised to levels that were still at least 10X lower than needed for optimal phospholipase A activity. This conclusion is supported by the finding that Ca2+ depletion or addition caused respectively decreased and increased release of lipopolysaccharides by EGTA (ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), suggesting that the bacterial Ca2+ pool bound to lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane shrinks or expands depending on extracellular Ca2+ levels. Thus, the cationic membrane-disruptive polymixin B, thought to compete with Mg2+ and Ca2+ for the same anionic sites on lipopolysaccharides, may liberate the Ca2+ near where the phospholipids are exposed to phospholipase. | ['Calcium', 'Cell Membrane', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Phospholipases', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A1', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Phospholipids', 'Polymyxin B'] | 3,918,043 | [['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.380'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D10.570'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680', 'D08.811.277.352.640.700'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.875'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D04.345.566.780.750', 'D10.477.750.750', 'D12.644.050.600.750', 'D12.644.641.780.750', 'D12.776.543.695.054.600.750']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
EphrinB2 reverse signaling protects against capillary rarefaction and fibrosis after kidney injury. | Microvascular disease, a characteristic of acute and chronic kidney diseases, leads to rarefaction of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), promoting secondary ischemic injury, which may be central to disease progression. Bidirectional signaling by EphB4 receptor and ephrinB2 ligand is critical for angiogenesis during murine development, suggesting that ephrinB2 reverse signaling may have a role in renal angiogenesis induced by injury or fibrosis. Here, we found that ephrinB2 reverse signaling is activated in the kidney only after injury. In mice lacking the PDZ intracellular signaling domain of ephrinB2 (ephrinB2 ÄV), angiogenesis was impaired and kidney injury led to increased PTC rarefaction and fibrosis. EphrinB2 ÄV primary kidney pericytes migrated more than wild-type pericytes and were less able to stabilize capillary tubes in three-dimensional culture and less able to stimulate synthesis of capillary basement membrane. EphrinB2 ÄV primary kidney microvascular endothelial cells migrated and proliferated less than wild-type microvascular endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor A and showed less internalization and activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Taken together, these results suggest that PDZ domain-dependent ephrinB2 reverse signaling protects against PTC rarefaction by regulating angiogenesis and vascular stability during kidney injury. Furthermore, this signaling in kidney pericytes protects against pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition and myofibroblast activation, thereby limiting fibrogenesis. | ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Animals', 'Capillaries', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Ephrin-B2', 'Fibrosis', 'Kidney', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Receptor, EphB4', 'Signal Transduction'] | 23,492,730 | [['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.500.700', 'D12.776.467.500.700', 'D12.776.543.287.700', 'D23.529.500.700'], ['C23.550.355'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.850.750', 'D12.776.543.750.630.500.781'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
"Sporadic" dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a new dominant or mitis recessive mutation? | We describe a case of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa which occurred in a young boy who presented thickened and dystrophic nails both in hands and feet, atrophic scars on the elbows and knees, some large bullae and milia on the hands and ankles. The parents were clinically unaffected and the family medical history was negative for blistering disease. The immunofluorescence for type VII collagen was positive, yet low in intensity and the number of anchoring fibrils was reduced, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The diagnosis of a "sporadic" case of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa was suggested, although a mitis case of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa cannot be excluded on the basis of clinical, immunofluorescent and ultrastructural examination. However recent studies, carried out in a series of seemingly sporadic cases, have pointed out the possibility of inheritance of two mutant alleles from unaffected parents. This implies that 'mild' recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is commoner than once thought. This information is important for genetic counselling and determination of recurrence risk in the present and future generations. | ['Adolescent', 'Collagen', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Skin'] | 10,980,463 | [['M01.060.057'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E01.171'], ['C16.131.831.493.160', 'C16.320.850.275.160', 'C17.300.200.367', 'C17.800.804.493.160', 'C17.800.827.275.160', 'C17.800.865.410.160'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A17.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Successful treatment with an unrelated-donor bone marrow transplant in an HLA-deficient patient with severe combined immune deficiency ("bare lymphocyte syndrome"). | An 8-month-old white female infant with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had a normal blastogenic response to mitogens but no response to a variety of antigens, as well as a poor response to allogeneic cells in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture assays. The patient's mononuclear cells had defective class I (HLA-A, -B, -C) and absent class II (HLA-D) antigen expression on their surface, thus establishing the diagnosis of HLA-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (bare lymphocyte syndrome). Family HLA typing, in vitro stimulation of patient mononuclear cells, and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization allowed the patients HLA phenotype to be determined. An unrelated bone marrow donor whose phenotype matched at all but a single A locus was found. The patient was conditioned with busulfan and cyclophosphamide, followed by infusion of T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells. The patient has been infection free with a successful marrow graft documented by HLA typing and chromosomal analysis. Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization allows determination of the HLA phenotype in patients with HLA-deficient severe combined immune deficiency which, in turn, makes marrow transplantation an option for the reconstitution of these patients' immune system. | ['Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Female', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes', 'Infant', 'Tissue Donors'] | 2,299,498 | [['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.673'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.898']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
[Impact of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the in vitro production of cytokines by whole blood cells of donors]. | The impact of two plasmid (47, 82 MD), single plasmid (47 MD) and non plasmid Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, Y. enterocolitica (47 MD) as well as Y. pseudotuberculosis superantigen (YPM) on the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-alpha (IFN = alpha) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by whole blood cells obtained from donors was studied. All Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica strains stimulated the production of IFN-alpha, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by whole blood cells, but considerably less than Y. pseudotuberculosis lipopolysaccharide and YPM. These data are indicative of the pathogenetic role played by 82 MD plasmid in manifestation of Y. pseudotuberculosis immunosuppressive properties. The maximum stimulation of the production of cytokines was observed under the action of YPM, which confirmed an important role played by this superantigen in the pathogenesis of Y. pseudotuberculosis. | ['Adolescent', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Blood Cells', 'Blood Donors', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Molecular Weight', 'Plasmids', 'Superantigens', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Yersinia pseudotuberculosis'] | 12,449,699 | [['M01.060.057'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.118', 'A15.145.229'], ['M01.898.313'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G02.494'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D23.050.820'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['B03.440.450.425.900.615', 'B03.660.250.150.950.590']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Assessing mutant huntingtin fragment and polyglutamine aggregation by atomic force microscopy. | Huntington disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expansion of more than 35-40 polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats located near the N-terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein. The expansion of the polyQ domain results in the ordered assembly of htt fragments into fibrillar aggregates that are the main constituents of inclusion bodies, which are a hallmark of the disease. This paper describes protocols for studying the aggregation of mutant htt fragments and synthetic polyQ peptides with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Ex situ AFM is used to characterize aggregate formation in protein incubation as a function of time. Methods to quickly and unambiguously distinguish specific aggregate species from complex, heterogeneous aggregation reactions based on simple morphological features are presented. Finally, the application of time lapse atomic force microscopy in solution is presented for studying synthetic model polyQ peptides, which allows for tracking the formation and fate of individual aggregates on surfaces over time. This ability allows for dynamic studies of the aggregation process and direct observation of the interplay between different types of aggregates. | ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Humans', 'Huntingtin Protein', 'Huntington Disease', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Time-Lapse Imaging'] | 21,187,152 | [['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.441'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.694'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E01.370.350.600.817', 'E05.712.657', 'L01.280.960.399']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[Colorimetric study of dental porcelain. The characteristics of the absorption and scattering coefficients]. | Recently, the demand for a more natural and harmonious color of porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration is on the increase due to the recent rise in esthetic values among the patients. However, the usual methodology of shade taking, color transmission, and color evaluation is not so precise. We have thus tried to resolve this problem with the aid of a computer color matching system for the purpose of reproducing the natural and harmonious color of porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration. To obtain the colorimetric and optical fundamental data of dental porcelains, we analyzed its absorption and scattering coefficients by using a spectrophotometer. It was concluded that there was a high positive correlation between the absorption and scattering coefficient to porcelain thickness in both the dentin and enamel porcelain layers. As the wavelength increased, the absorption coefficient tended to decrease and the scattering coefficient tended to increase. From this experiment, it became possible to determine the absorption and scattering coefficient of the dentin and enamel porcelain layers of any shade and thickness. | ['Color', 'Colorimetry', 'Dental Porcelain', 'Esthetics, Dental', 'Metal Ceramic Alloys', 'Spectrophotometry'] | 2,135,319 | [['G01.590.540.199'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D25.339.376', 'J01.637.051.339.376', 'J01.637.153.377'], ['E06.420'], ['D01.552.033.690', 'D25.058.520', 'D25.339.208.720', 'J01.637.051.058.520', 'J01.637.051.339.208.720'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Synthetic precursors for TCNQF4(2-) compounds: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical studies of (Pr4N)2TCNQF4 and Li2TCNQF4. | Careful control of the reaction stoichiometry and conditions enables the synthesis of both LiTCNQF(4) and Li(2)TCNQF(4) to be achieved. Reaction of LiI with TCNQF(4), in a 4:1 molar ratio, in boiling acetonitrile yields Li(2)TCNQF(4). However, deviation from this ratio or the reaction temperature gives either LiTCNQF(4) or a mixture of Li(2)TCNQF(4) and LiTCNQF(4). This is the first report of the large-scale chemical synthesis of Li(2)TCNQF(4). Attempts to prepare a single crystal of Li(2)TCNQF(4) have been unsuccessful, although air-stable (Pr(4)N)(2)TCNQF(4) was obtained by mixing Pr(4)NBr with Li(2)TCNQF(4) in aqueous solution. Pr(4)NTCNQF(4) was also obtained by reaction of LiTCNQF(4) with Pr(4)NBr in water. Li(2)TCNQF(4), (Pr(4)N)(2)TCNQF(4), and Pr(4)NTCNQF(4) have been characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry. The structures of single crystals of (Pr(4)N)(2)TCNQF(4) and Pr(4)NTCNQF(4) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. These TCNQF(4)(2-) salts will provide useful precursors for the synthesis of derivatives of the dianions. | ['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Electrochemistry', 'Lithium Compounds', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Technetium Compounds'] | 23,153,174 | [['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D01.510'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['D01.925']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Black TiO2 | At present, transmembrane glycoprotein CD133 highly expressed pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs), with the features of chemotherapeutic/radiotherapeutic resistance and exclusive tumorigenic potential, are considered as the primary cause of metastasis and recurrence in pancreatic cancer, and therefore are an effective target in the disease treatment. Furthermore, with the launch of precision medicine, multifunctional nanoprobes have been applied as an efficient strategy for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of pancreatic cancer. In this research, with the aim of achieving precise MRI-guided PTT in CD133 highly expressed PCSCs, novel bTiO2-Gd-CD133mAb nanoprobes were designed and successfully prepared by loading Gd-DOTA and CD133 monoclonal antibodies on black TiO2 nanoparticles. It was very interesting to find that the r1 relaxivity value of the nanoprobes was 34.394 mM-1 s-1, about 7.5 times that of commercial Magnevist (4.5624 mM-1 s-1), which indicates that the nanoprobes have good potential as MRI T1 contrast agents with excellent performance. Herein, CD133 highly expressed PANC-1 cells were selected and verified as PCSCs model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nanoprobes exhibited active-targeting ability in PANC-1 cells, and consequently could specially enhance T1-weighted MR imaging and 808 nm near-infrared (NIR)-triggered PTT efficiency in the PCSCs model. Our study not only provides a new strategy for the effective treatment of pancreatic cancer and its' stem cells, but also further broadens the application of black TiO2 in the field of cancer theranostics. | ['AC133 Antigen', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Nanostructures', 'Optical Imaging', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Particle Size', 'Phototherapy', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Surface Properties', 'Titanium', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured'] | 29,947,365 | [['D12.776.395.550.007', 'D12.776.543.550.023'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['J01.637.512'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['G02.712'], ['E02.774'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['A11.251.860']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Effectiveness and cost of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in critically ill intubated patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. | We evaluated the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and its associated morbidity and cost in a mixed population of intubated patients. Two hundred seventy-one consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of five teaching hospitals and who had an expected need for intubation exceeding 48 h were enrolled and received topical antibiotics or placebo. Uninfected patients additionally received ceftriaxone or placebo for 3 d. VAP occurred in 11.4% of SDD-treated and 29.3% of control-group patients (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8 to 27.9). The incidence of nonrespiratory infections in the two groups was 19.1% and 30.7%, respectively (p = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.7 to 22.7). Among survivors, the median length of ICU stay was 11 d (interquartile range: 7 to 21.5 d) for the SDD-treated group and 16. 5 d (10 to 30 d) for the control group (p = 0.006). Mean cost per survivor was $11,926 for treated and $16,296 for control-group patients. Mortality was 38.9% and 47.1%, respectively (p = 0.57). In decontaminated patients, the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli fell within 7 d from 47.4% to 13.0% (p < 0.001), whereas colonization with resistant gram-positive strains was higher (p < 0. 05) than in the placebo group. In a mixed population of intubated patients, SDD was associated with a significant reduction of morbidity at a reduced cost. Our findings support the use of SDD in this high-risk group. | ['Bacteria', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cause of Death', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Cephalosporins', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Critical Care', 'Critical Illness', 'Digestive System', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oropharynx', 'Placebos', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Survival Rate'] | 9,731,025 | [['B03'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['A03'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B03.440'], ['B03.510'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.623.603', 'A14.724.603'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
In vitro screening procedure for characterization of thrombogenic properties of plasma treated surfaces. | Estimation of thrombogenic surface properties is an important aspect of hemocompatibility studies. To improve our understanding of interaction between blood and biomaterial surfaces, there is a need to employ standardized methods that are both effective and efficient. This contribution details a systematic approach for the in vitro analysis of plasma modified polymer surfaces and human blood platelet interaction, following the recently introduced ISO 10933-4 guidelines. A holistic multistep process is presented that considers all aspects of testing procedure, including blood collection, platelet function testing, and incubation parameters, right through to a comparison and evaluation of the different methods and analysis available. In terms of detection and analysis, confocal light microscopy is shown to offer many advantages over the widely used scanning electron microscopy technique; this includes simpler, less-invasive sample preparation, and less time-consuming analysis procedure. On the other hand, as an alternative to microscopy techniques, toxicology sulforhodamine B based assay (TOX assay) was also evaluated. It has been shown that the assay could be used for rapid estimation of relative concentration of blood platelets on the surface of plasma treated materials, especially when samples do not allow the implementation of microscopy techniques. | ['Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Platelets', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Surface Properties', 'Toxicology'] | 27,154,919 | [['G09.188.390.150'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G02.860'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Fabrication of two-layered channel system with embedded electrodes to measure resistance across epithelial and endothelial barriers. | This manuscript describes a straightforward fabrication process for embedding Ag/AgCl electrodes within a two-layer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip where an upper and a lower channel are separated by a semiporous membrane. This system allows for the reliable real-time measurement of transendothelial and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), an accepted quantification of cell monolayer integrity, across cells cultured on membranes inside the microchannels using impedance spectroscopy. The technique eliminates the need for costly or specialized microelectrode fabrication, enabling commercially available wire electrodes to easily be incorporated into PDMS microsystems for measuring TEER under microfluidic environments. The capability of measuring impedance across a confluent cell monolayer is confirmed using (i) brain-derived endothelial cells (bEND.3), (ii) Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells (MDCK-2), and mouse myoblast (C2C12) (all from ATCC, Manassas, VA). TEER values as a function of cell type and cell culture time were measured and both agree with previously published values from macroscale culture techniques. This system opens new opportunities for conveniently resolving both transendothelial and transepithelial electrical resistance to monitor cell function in real-time in microfluidic cell cultures. | ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Dimethylpolysiloxanes', 'Electric Impedance', 'Electrochemistry', 'Electrodes', 'Endothelium', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Equipment Design', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques'] | 20,178,370 | [['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.756.650.700.150', 'D05.750.900.850.150', 'D25.720.900.850.150', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.150'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E07.305.250'], ['A10.272.491'], ['A11.436'], ['E05.320'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E05.588.465']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nitric oxide-mediated inactivation of mammalian ferrochelatase in vivo and in vitro: possible involvement of the iron-sulphur cluster of the enzyme. | To investigate the role of the iron-sulphur cluster in mammalian ferrochelatases, the terminal enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, we examined the interaction of nitric oxide (NO) and ferrochelatase. When macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were treated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide NO synthesis in the cells was stimulated, and a decrease in ferrochelatase activity was observed, with no change in the amount of ferrochelatase. The addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a selective inhibitor of NO synthesis, reduced the effect of interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, while the effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was suppressed by the addition of L-arginine, a substrate of NO synthase. When purified recombinant human ferrochelatase was treated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a NO-generating compound, ferrochelatase activity decreased with disappearance of characteristic absorbance spectra of the iron-sulphur cluster. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine also reduced the activity, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that ferrochelatase activity can be modulated by NO synthesis probably through disruption of the iron-sulphur cluster. We propose that inactivation of ferrochelatase mediated by NO (or NO-derived species) may play a role in the regulation of haem metabolism. | ['Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Escherichia coli', 'Ferrochelatase', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Iron-Sulfur Proteins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Mammals', 'Mice', 'Molsidomine', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Penicillamine', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine', 'Vasodilator Agents', 'omega-N-Methylarginine'] | 7,544,575 | [['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.520.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.957', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.617', 'D12.776.575.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.157.427.374.375', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.693.450', 'D03.383.533.640.362'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D02.886.030.786', 'D12.125.166.786'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.654.846.500.124', 'D02.886.030.786.500', 'D02.886.489.650.500', 'D12.125.166.786.500'], ['D27.505.954.411.918'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The Phlaeothrips-lineage of fungus feeding thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in Iran with a new species of Hindsiothrips. | Hindsiothrips sisakhti sp. n. is described from leaf litter in Iran, this being the first record of the genus from this country. A key is provided to the seven Phlaeothripinae genera recorded from Iran that are considered members of the Phlaeothrips-lineage, in which most species are fungus feeding: Aleurodothrips, Hindsiothrips, Hoplandrothrips, Hoplothrips, Idiothrips, Phlaeothrips and Stictothrips. Structural variation in the group is discussed briefly, and Idiothrips ficus Bhatti is considered a new synonym of Idiothrips bellus Faure. | ['Animals', 'Female', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Thysanoptera'] | 24,613,875 | [['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.800']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Does the use of a free internal mammary artery graft on the left anterior descending artery compromise long-term survival? | OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine if there is a long-term outcomes disadvantage associated with using the internal mammary artery (IMA) as a free graft to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) during coronary artery bypass graft surgery.METHODS: Between 1991 and 2014, 21 876 consecutive patients underwent isolated primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our institution. Among these, 238 underwent a free IMA (f-IMA) graft to bypass the LAD. Propensity score matching with bootstrap analysis was performed to produce a cohort of 222 f-IMA patients matched to 222 patients with in situ IMA grafting to the LAD. Early and long-term outcomes including survival, readmission for cardiovascular causes and repeat revascularization up to a maximum of 23 years post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery were compared. Provincial vital statistics and administrative hospital readmission data were used to analyse long-term outcomes.RESULTS: Operative mortality [3.2% f-IMA vs 1.9% in situ IMA; odds ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-3.52] and the majority of postoperative adverse events were not significantly different among matched patients. The risk of late death was not significantly different between the 2 matched groups (hazard ratio = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.92-1.41, P = 0.15). The risk of hospital readmission for cardiovascular reasons was significantly higher in the f-IMA group (54.5% vs 47.3%, odds ratio = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.10-1.72), although repeat revascularization (18.4% vs 13.5%; odds ratio = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.96-2.44) was not significantly different between the matched groups.CONCLUSIONS: Late survival and the need for repeat coronary revascularization were not influenced by using the IMA as a free graft to the LAD. However, there is a small but significant increase in the risk of hospital readmission for cardiac reasons. | ['Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Propensity Score', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survivors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 28,481,987 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.100.376.719.332.400', 'E04.100.814.868.750.400', 'E04.928.220.520.220.380'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.860'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Molecular characterization of 21 X-ALD Portuguese families: identification of eight novel mutations in the ABCD1 gene. | X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is the most common inherited peroxisomal disorder. The gene associated with X-ALD, ABCD1, encodes a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette half-transporter. In this study, we describe the molecular characterization of 21 affected Portuguese families. The complete coding region of the ABCD1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or genomic PCR. After conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis analysis, fragments with a conformational heteroduplex pattern were sequenced. Using this strategy, we have identified 14 missense mutations, two nonsense mutations, two splicing site defects, and three small deletions, two of them resulting in frameshifts. Eight of the genetic alterations characterized in this study are novel. The levels of the ABCD1 transcript as well as the levels of ALDP in cultured skin fibroblasts of male probands were also determined in most cases. The levels of the ABCD1 transcript in one patient (corresponding to a nonsense mutation) were below the detection limit of Northern-blotting analysis. ALDP was found at normal levels in only three patients, absent in five (corresponding to a double missense, two nonsense, and two frameshift mutations), and decreased in all the others. | ['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D, Member 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adrenoleukodystrophy', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Portugal'] | 12,175,782 | [['D12.776.157.530.100.209.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.419.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.419.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.209.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.084', 'C10.228.140.163.100.362.250', 'C10.228.140.695.625.250', 'C10.314.400.250', 'C10.597.606.360.455.124', 'C16.320.322.500.124', 'C16.320.400.525.124', 'C16.320.565.189.084', 'C16.320.565.189.362.250', 'C16.320.565.663.100', 'C18.452.132.100.084', 'C18.452.132.100.362.250', 'C18.452.648.189.084', 'C18.452.648.189.362.250', 'C18.452.648.663.100', 'C19.053.500.270'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D10.251'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['Z01.542.727']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Late sciatic nerve palsy caused by hematoma after primary total hip arthroplasty. | A case of late sciatic nerve palsy caused by subfascial hematoma after uncemented right total hip arthroplasty is reported. The patient developed respiratory distress 13 days postoperatively and was admitted to another institution, where she was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and was subsequently therapeutically anticoagulated with heparin. The patient complained of right-leg numbness and tingling 18 days' postoperatively, which progressed to complete sciatic nerve palsy over several hours. | ['Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Sciatic Neuropathy'] | 15,343,542 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.668.829.500.675']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Late renal function following whole abdominal irradiation. | Sixty patients treated with whole abdominal radiotherapy who had remained disease-free since completion of treatment participated in a study to assess the late clinical and biochemical effects of bilateral renal irradiation. Minimum follow-up was 5 years with a maximum of 20 years and a median of 9 years. Fifty-two patients in the study group were treated for primary ovarian cancer. Seven had non-Hodgkins lymphoma arising in the gastrointestinal tract and one patient had a carcinoid tumour arising in small bowel. None of the patients received chemotherapy. Abdominal radiation was given using an open beam technique to a mean dose of 22.92 Gy (range 6.68-27.54 Gy) in 1.02 to 1.25 Gy fractions treated once daily. Posterior kidney shields were used in order to limit the renal dose to < 20 Gy. Mean radiation dose to both kidneys (retrospectively calculated) was 19.28 Gy (range 6.68-22.99 Gy). Patients ranged in age from 32-81 years with a median of 61 years. No patient had clinical evidence of renal impairment. Nine patients were hypertensive prior to radiotherapy and a further five patients became hypertensive after treatment. Serum creatinine values ranged from 44-123 mumol/l, with a mean of 87 mumol/l. Creatinine clearance ranged from 0.61-2.38 ml/s (mean 1.28 ml/s). Tubular function tests revealed one borderline high 24-h protein excretion and normal 24-h phosphorous and uric acid. Using a multiple linear regression analysis with creatinine clearance as the endpoint, age was the only significant variable (P < 0.00001) and renal dose and interval from treatment were not independently significant. There was no evidence of late renal toxicity more than 5 years after whole abdominal radiotherapy delivered with this technique and dose/fractionation schedule, and using the clinical and biochemical endpoints assessed in this study. | ['Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Radiation Protection', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Time Factors'] | 8,693,108 | [['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['N06.850.810.425'], ['E02.815.639'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Occult hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient on peritoneal dialysis. | In a patient with diabetes mellitus undergoing icodextrin continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, the interference caused by icodextrin metabolites in bedside glucose analyzers led to an overestimation of capillary glucose levels and the potential for inappropriate therapy. We report this case to raise an awareness of this among emergency care providers who are at the front-line treating diabetes emergencies. | ['Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Glucans', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Icodextrin', 'Insulin', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Dialysis'] | 16,276,267 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D05.750.078.562', 'D09.698.365'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D05.750.078.562.622', 'D09.698.365.399'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
[Electron microscopic and histochemical characteristics of hepatomas arising during long-term administration of carbon tetrachloride]. | Hepatomas arising as a result of prolonged injection of CCl4 consist of cells in which the processes of dystrophy and intracellular regeneration are pronounced to a different degree. In the late stages of development, hepatomas tend to malignancy, exhibiting cells that bear ultrastructural resemblance to the cells of malignant hepatomas. Histological examination revealed high aerobic glycolysis and decreased activity of oxidizing enzymes. Discontinuance of CCl4 injection did not entail normalization of the liver structure. The sinusoidal cells are likely to play an essential role in the development of intralobular liver fibrosis. | ['Animals', 'Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning', 'Collagen', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Liver Glycogen', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Ribonucleoproteins'] | 7,397,369 | [['B01.050'], ['C25.723.177'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D05.750.078.562.388.518', 'D09.698.365.388.518'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[First experience with intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke in Serbia]. | INTRODUCTION: Systemic thrombolytic therapy in the first three hours of acute ischemic stroke (IS) significantly improves its outcome. This therapy was approved for treatment in USA in 1997, and in most European countries in 2002. First intravenous thrombolysis of 15 in Serbia was carried out in February 2006.OBJECTIVE: We present our preliminary experience with intravenous thrombolysis in treating patients with acute IS and compare it with the results of other clinical studies.METHOD: All patients with IS treated with intravenous thrombolysis in our department were included in the study. The time of stroke onset, first neurological exam, time of CT exam and beginning of therapy were recorded. The early CT signs of ischemia were graded by the ASPECTS score. Neurological deficit was assessed with NIHSS score and functional outcome with modified Rankin Scale (mRS).RESULTS: During the eight-month period intravenous thrombolysis was given to 12 patients with acute IS, aged 18 to 66 years, of whom 75% were younger than 55 years. Median time from symptom onset to hospital door was 57.5 minutes, median time door-to-CT was 32.5 minutes, and the time from symptom onset to treatment was 155 minutes. Early CT signs of ischemia were present in 10 patients with median ASPECTS score 9. Median initial NIHSS score was 16.5 with its decline during the first 24 hours for at least 5 points in 58% of patients. Symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage was present in one patient. After 30 days of follow-up 42% of patients had favourable outcome (mRS<1). In only 2 patients the outcome was poor (mRS 4-5). One patient died with signs of cardiac failure.CONCLUSION: Despite a small number of patients with short time of follow up, these results with thrombolysis in acute IS were found to be consistent with other authors' reports. Uniqueness of our series of patients who received thrombolysis as compared to other studies was their very young age. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Stroke', 'Thrombolytic Therapy'] | 18,368,901 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E02.319.913']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Family medicine and family therapy: comparative development, methods, and roles. | Family medicine and family therapy have evolved separately, but the fields are now increasingly in contact with each other. Today's family physician needs a deeper grasp of their similarities and differences. This paper compares the two disciplines in terms of their (1) membership criteria for treatment, (2) considered appropriateness for treatment, (3) contractual process, and (4) evolution of membership over time. Also explored are the disciplines' notions of illness and change; their differing attitudes toward technique are analyzed as well. Family therapists and family physicians appear likely to have increased exposure to one another. As they do, common approaches may develop, and conceptual differences may present a mutual stimulus for growth and change. | ['Behavior Therapy', 'Family Practice', 'Family Therapy', 'Humans'] | 6,833,966 | [['F04.754.137'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['F04.754.864.581.273'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']] | ['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Iatrogenic Exserohilum infection of the central nervous system: mycological identification and histopathological findings. | An outbreak of fungal infections has been identified in patients who received epidural injections of methylprednisolone acetate that was contaminated with environmental molds. In this report, we present the mycological and histopathological findings in an index case of Exserohilum meningitis and vasculitis in an immunocompetent patient, who received a cervical spine epidural steroid injection for chronic neck pain 1 week before the onset of fulminant meningitis with subsequent multiple brain and spinal cord infarcts. The fungus was recovered from two separate cerebrospinal fluid specimens collected before initiation of antifungal therapy and at autopsy on standard bacterial and fungal culture media. The mold was identified phenotypically as Exserohilum species. DNA sequencing targeting the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 region of 28S ribosomal DNA enabled further speciation as E. rostratum. Gross examination at autopsy revealed moderate brain edema with bilateral uncal herniation and a ventriculostomy tract to the third ventricle. The brainstem, cerebellum, and right orbitofrontal cortex were soft and friable, along with hemorrhages in the cerebellar vermis and thalamus. Microscopic examination demonstrated numerous fungi with septate hyphae invading blood vessel walls and inducing acute necrotizing inflammation. The leptomeninges were diffusely infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells along with scattered foci of fungal elements. This is the first report of iatrogenic E. rostratum meningitis in humans. This report describes the microbiological procedures and histopathological features for the identification of E. rostratum (a pigmented vascularly invasive fungi), the cause of a current nationwide outbreak of fatal fungal meningitis. | ['Ascomycota', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Injections, Epidural', 'Meningitis, Fungal', 'Spinal Cord'] | 23,222,492 | [['B01.300.107'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580.300'], ['C01.150.703.181.500', 'C01.207.198.500', 'C10.228.228.198.500', 'C10.228.614.300'], ['A08.186.854']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dual sexual and drug-related predictors of hepatitis C incidence among sex workers in a Canadian setting: gaps and opportunities for scale-up of hepatitis C virus prevention, treatment, and care. | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While sex workers may face elevated HCV risks through both drug and sexual pathways, incidence data among sex workers are severely lacking. HCV incidence and predictors of HCV seroconversion among women sex workers in Vancouver, BC were characterized in this study.METHODS: Questionnaire and serological data were drawn from a community-based cohort of women sex workers (2010-2014). Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression were used to model HCV incidence and predictors of time to HCV seroconversion.RESULTS: Among 759 sex workers, HCV prevalence was 42.7%. Among 292 baseline-seronegative sex workers, HCV incidence density was 3.84/100 person-years (PY), with higher rates among women using injection drugs (23.30/100 PY) and non-injection crack (6.27/100 PY), and those living with HIV (13.27/100 PY) or acute sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (5.10/100 PY). In Cox analyses adjusted for injection drug use, age (hazard ratio (HR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.01), acute STI (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.02-6.06), and non-injection crack use (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.18-6.25) predicted time to HCV seroconversion.DISCUSSION: While HCV incidence was highest among women who inject drugs, STIs and the use of non-injection stimulants appear to be pathways to HCV infection, suggesting potential dual sexual/drug transmission. Integrated HCV services within sexual health and HIV/STI programs are recommended. | ['Adult', 'Canada', 'Directive Counseling', 'Female', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Workers', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Transgender Persons'] | 28,027,990 | [['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['F02.784.176.279', 'F04.408.413.349', 'N02.421.461.363.349'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.776'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['M01.777.500']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major that vaccinates against cutaneous leishmaniasis contains an alkylglycerophosphoinositol lipid anchor. | The major cell surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania major, a putative parasite receptor for macrophages, is a lipophosphoglycan containing 81.6% (wt/wt) carbohydrate, 17.0% (wt/wt) phosphate, and 1.4% (wt/wt) lipid. It has been purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography and consists of a polydisperse family of molecules with Mr 5000-40,000. It contains galactose, mannose, glucose, arabinose, glucosamine, and inositol in the molar ratio of 51:21:5:6:1:1. The lipophosphoglycan has a complex structure, consisting mainly of tri- and tetrasaccharide units linked by phosphodiester bonds, which are cleaved by HF hydrolysis. The phosphate groups are located on the 6-hydroxyl of both galactose and mannose residues. The lipophosphoglycan is anchored to the parasite surface by a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol moiety. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the products of nitrous acid deamination, HF hydrolysis, and Staphylococcus aureus phosphatidylinositol specific-phospholipase C treatment. The 24:0 and 26:0 alkyl chains accounted for 93% of the ether-linked fatty acids in the lipid anchor. The results are also consistent with a glycosidic linkage between the inositol and a non-N-acetylated glucosamine residue. The lipophosphoglycan membrane anchor shares limited structural homology with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of several eukaryotic proteins, indicating that this type of membrane anchor is not limited to proteins. Vaccination of mice with the purified L. major lipophosphoglycan in liposomes induced resistance against cutaneous leishmaniasis. | ['Animals', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Glycoconjugates', 'Glycolipids', 'Leishmania tropica', 'Leishmaniasis', 'Mice', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Phospholipid Ethers', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines'] | 3,480,520 | [['B01.050'], ['D23.050.293'], ['D09.400'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.680'], ['C01.610.752.300.500', 'C01.610.858.560', 'C01.920.813', 'C17.800.838.775.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['D02.033.800.875.875.750', 'D02.355.460.750', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Oxybutynin, desmopressin and enuresis. | PURPOSE: A review of the scarce literature concerning oxybutynin treatment for nocturnal enuresis reveals that its success is greatest when enuresis is combined with daytime incontinence. The renal and bladder related characteristics of children with monosymptomatic enuresis responsive to oxybutynin were evaluated.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal concentrating capacity and functional bladder capacity were compared between 55 dry children who served as controls, and children with monosymptomatic enuresis who responded to desmopressin only (group 1, 27), oxybutynin only (group 2, 11), combination desmopressin and oxybutynin (group 3, 7) or were resistant to all treatment alternatives (group 4, 23).RESULTS: Renal concentrating capacity was lowest in groups 1 and 3 (939 +/- 147 mOsm./kg. controls, 856 +/- 158 group 1, 1,073 +/- 71 group 2, 762 +/- 119 group 3 and 970 +/- 146 group 4; p <0.01), whereas they had high urinary output (15.4 +/- 73.4 ml./kg. per hour controls, 22.2 +/- 10.2 group 1, 13.5 +/- 4.3 group 2, 21.5 +/- 11.2 group 3 and 15.0 +/- 6.9 group 4; p <0.01). Forced functional bladder capacity of that expected for age was lowest in groups 2 to 4 (107 +/- 43% controls, 88 +/- 43 group 1, 71 +/- 25 group 2, 68 +/- 22 group 3 and 59 +/- 22 group 4; p <0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Children responding to oxybutynin have small bladders and probably hyperactive detrusors, whereas those responding to desmopressin or who need both drugs to achieve dryness have polyuria. | ['Child', 'Cholinergic Antagonists', 'Deamino Arginine Vasopressin', 'Enuresis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandelic Acids', 'Renal Agents'] | 11,696,812 | [['M01.060.406'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100.250', 'D12.644.400.900.100.250', 'D12.644.456.925.100.250', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100.250', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100.250'], ['C12.777.934.284', 'C13.351.968.934.252', 'F01.145.126.856', 'F03.388.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.475', 'D02.241.511.536'], ['D27.505.954.613']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Evaluation of brainstem involvement in multiple sclerosis. | BACKGROUND/AIMS: the aim of the present study was to determine the optimum method to detect brainstem lesions in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).METHODS: 72 patients with the diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS were prospectively included. brainstem functional system score (bSfS) (part of the expanded disability status scale (edSS) evaluating brainstem symptomatology) was calculated. Magnetic resonance imaging (Mri) was performed on 1.5t and t1, t2, pd and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (flair) sequences were analyzed for presence of brainstem lesions. auditory evoked potentials (aep) and ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVeMp and cVeMp) were performed according to the standardized protocol.RESULTS: from 72 patients, 18 (25%) had clinical involvement of the brainstem. Mri showed brainstem involvement in 29 (40%) patients. of the neurophysiological tests, aep showed pathological result in 16 (22%) patients, oVeMp in 36 (50%) patients, cVeMp in 18 (25%) patients, and VeMp (combination of oVeMp and cVeMp) in 45 (63%) patients. VeMp detected brainstem lesions in higher percentage than clinical examination, Mri and aep, which was statistically significant (< 0.0001, 0.012 and < 0.0001, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: results of the present study have shown that VeMps are the optimal method to detect brainstem lesions in multiple sclerosis and that they detect them significantly better than clinical examination, aep or Mri. | ['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Stem', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Young Adult'] | 24,718,819 | [['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Vectorial measurement of blood velocity by means of ultrasound. | The complete determination of blood velocity as a vector can be achieved using ultrasound techniques, by correlating the echo signals provided by a sector transducer. Here the general problem is approached by suggesting the processing procedure which should be adopted, so that longitudinal and transverse velocity components can be separated. After this a specific transducer layout is considered, which is suitable for in-plane measurements, and possible performances are evaluated by means of simulation. Finally, an experimental facility, set up to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical lines developed in two-dimensional geometry, is described, together with the preliminary results obtained. | ['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Electronics, Medical', 'Humans', 'Rheology', 'Transducers', 'Ultrasonics'] | 1,453,788 | [['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['H01.671.293.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['E07.305.812'], ['H01.671.031.849']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ectopic Schistosoma mansoni Eggs Inside a Lipoma. | Ectopic schistosomiasis is uncommon and tends to occur when the parasite's eggs or adult forms are located far from their normal site. This report presents the first described case of ectopic Schistosoma mansoni eggs inside a subcutaneous lipoma far from the tissues of this worm's life cycle and with no connection to either portal veins or any other vascular system. These eggs were found inside giant cells surrounded by inflammatory cells. In conclusion, in humans, ectopic S. mansoni eggs can be found far from the tissues of the described life cycle of this worm, with no connection to portal veins or other blood vessels used for their migration. | ['Adult', 'Animals', 'Humans', 'Lipoma', 'Male', 'Ovum', 'Oxamniquine', 'Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosomiasis mansoni', 'Schistosomicides'] | 26,598,562 | [['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.550.400'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['D03.633.100.810.350.600', 'D03.633.100.810.470.600'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700'], ['C01.610.335.865.859.576', 'C01.920.922.576'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.100.750']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Effects of Self-Selected Exercise on Strength in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Subtypes. | BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies have supported the utility of exercise as a treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) patients. Despite being the most common inherited neuropathy, there remains a paucity of guidelines for CMT management.METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 297 CMT patients. Self-reported exercise and strength results from standardized dynamometer testing were obtained from adult patients' first visits. Values were converted and analyzed based on previously reported age- and sex-matched normative values.RESULTS: Participants with CMT2 had greater strength values than those with CMT1 in hand grip, elbow flexion, and dorsiflexion (p<0.05). Participants with CMT1 and CMT2 who exercised were statistically significantly stronger in elbow flexion and dorsiflexion than those who did not exercise.CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that self-directed exercise is associated with greater strength in CMT patients of both CMT1 and CMT2 subtypes. Self-directed exercise may be a convenient, sustainable, and effective method of improving strength and decreasing disability in this population. Future research should explore the type of exercise prescription that best addresses the needs of the CMT population. | ['Adult', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies'] | 28,669,366 | [['M01.060.116'], ['C10.500.300.200', 'C10.574.500.495.200', 'C10.668.829.800.300.200', 'C16.131.666.300.200', 'C16.320.400.375.200'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Elevated CD147 expression is associated with shorter overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer. | A number of studies have reported on the prognostic role of CD147 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the results remain controversial. This study aims to investigate the impact of CD147 on the prognosis of NSCLC by means of a meta-analysis. A literature search was performed for relevant studies published before October 29, 2016. The hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as effective measures. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias examination were also conducted. Ten eligible studies with a total of 1605 patients were included in this meta-analysis. CD147 overexpression was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR=1.59, 95% CI=1.32-1.91, p<0.001). Elevated CD147 expression was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.74-3.07, p<0.001) and advanced TNM stage (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.24-7.39, p=0.015). However, no significant association between CD147 and sex, age, differentiation, or histology was found. No evidence of significant publication bias was identified. This meta-analysis revealed that overexpression of CD147 was associated with shorter OS, the presence of lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage in NSCLC. Therefore, CD147 could serve as a potential prognostic marker for NSCLC. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Basigin', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis'] | 28,445,149 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.395.550.045', 'D12.776.543.550.187', 'D23.050.285.040'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide Induced MCP-1 Expression in Primary Astrocyte. | Background. Neuroinflammation which presents as a possible mechanism of delirium is associated with MCP-1, an important proinflammatory factor which is expressed on astrocytes. It is known that dexmedetomidine (DEX) possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of DEX on the production of MCP-1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes. Materials and Methods. Astrocytes were treated with LPS (10 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1000 ng/ml), DEX (500 ng/mL), LPS (100 ng/ml), and DEX (10, 100, and 500 ng/mL) for a duration of three hours; expression levels of MCP-1 were measured by real-time PCR. The double immunofluorescence staining protocol was utilized to determine the expression of á2-adrenoceptors (á2AR) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on astrocytes. Results. Expressions of MCP-1 mRNA in astrocytes were induced dose-dependently by LPS. Administration of DEX significantly inhibited the expression of MCP-1 mRNA (P < 0.001). Double immunofluorescence assay showed that á2AR colocalize with GFAP, which indicates the expression of á2-adrenoceptors in astrocytes. Conclusions. DEX is a potent suppressor of MCP-1 in astrocytes induced with lipopolysaccharide through á2A-adrenergic receptors, which potentially explains its beneficial effects in the treatment of delirium by attenuating neuroinflammation. | ['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Dexmedetomidine', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2'] | 28,286,770 | [['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.245'], ['G05.308'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300.200']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phosphorus removal performance and biological dephosphorization process in treating reclaimed water by Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetlands (IVCWs). | Phosphorous removal in adsorption had been extensively researched; however, the biological dephosphorization process and optimum operating parameters have not been discussed or quantified in Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetlands (IVCWs). In this study, IVCWs planted with different plants were employed to evaluate total phosphorus (TP) treatment performance under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), in summer and autumn. The results showed that the systems planted with Canna generalis showed the highest TP removal efficiency (77%) under a three-day HRT in autumn. The activities of exopolyphosphatase (PPX) and polyphosphate kinase (PPK) were determined, and it was found that PPK activity was seasonably variable and had been more active in autumn than that in summer (p<0.05). Highly significant correlation was revealed between PPK activity and TP removal efficiency (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results indicated that Pseudomonas genus might be the main participant in phosphorus aerobic biological adsorption in IVCWs. | ['Phosphorus', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Waste Water', 'Water', 'Water Purification', 'Wetlands'] | 28,666,149 | [['D01.268.666'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunochromatographic assay for the detection of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide. | In this study, haptens were designed to produce highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolite carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-EP). According to the results of our competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA), the half-maximum inhibitory concentration values for anti-CBZ and anti-CBZ-EP mAb were 0.18 and 0.59 ng/mL, respectively. An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for the determination of CBZ and CBZ-EP concentrations. This method can provide visible limits of detection ranging from 0.25 to 1 ng/mL, and cut-off limits ranging from 5 to 10 ng/mL, and takes 10 min to evaluate with the naked eye. Importantly, these observations were consistent with those obtained by ic-ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ICA assay represented a reliable, fast, and high-throughput method for the determination of CBZ and CBZ-EP in serum samples. | ['Antibodies, Immobilized', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Carbamazepine', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Limit of Detection', 'Linear Models'] | 32,109,745 | [['D12.776.124.486.485.114.207', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.207', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.207', 'D12.776.463.250'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Modeling nikkomycin Z dosing and pharmacology in murine pulmonary coccidioidomycosis preparatory to phase 2 clinical trials. | Nikkomycin Z (NikZ) is a chitin synthase inhibitor with activity against Coccidioides species that is being developed as a first-in-class orphan product for treatment of coccidioidomycosis. It has previously been shown to reduce lethal respiratory infections in mice to undetectable levels when treatment is begun 48 hours after infection. The studies described here focus on bracketing NikZ doses for phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, using an established mouse respiratory infection as a model and starting treatment 120 hours after infection. A dose of 80 mg/kg/day, divided into 2 doses, nearly eradicated infection, and larger doses did not improve fungal clearance. Increasing the duration of treatment from 1 week to 3 weeks resulted in a greater percentage of culture-negative mice. Comparative data show that plasma levels of NikZ that nearly eradicate Coccidioides in mice are achievable in patients and provide a plausibly effective dose range for initial phase 2 clinical studies. | ['Aminoglycosides', 'Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Coccidioidomycosis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Nonlinear Dynamics'] | 24,421,256 | [['D09.408.051'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['C01.150.703.203'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Empyema thoracis: a review of a 4 1/2 year experience of cases requiring surgical treatment. | During the period January 1985 to June 1989, 53 cases of empyema thoracis were treated surgically at Papworth hospital regional cardio-thoracic centre. Of these, 47 patients underwent thoracotomy and decortication as their primary surgical treatment. The remaining six patients were treated by rib resection. Prior to surgical referral 20 of these had undergone previous tube drainage for a mean period of 18 days (range 7-42 days). The principle cause of empyema was broncho-pulmonary infection. In 57% of cases no organisms were isolated from pleural debris or fluid. In the remainder, a variety of organisms were encountered. Early surgical drainage and freeing of the underlying lung met with good results and no deaths in the uncomplicated group. The median duration of postoperative chest drainage for the whole group was 7 days (mean 12 days) and median postoperative in-hospital stay was 13 days (mean 20 days). This is in stark contrast to the duration of hospitalization of patients prior to surgical referral (mean 103.6 days). There were five deaths. All occurred in patients with severe debilitating associated illnesses. In these patients initial drainage of the empyema space with a tube or by rib resection may have allowed recovery prior to more major surgery. | ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Drainage', 'Empyema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications'] | 2,371,438 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['C01.830.305', 'C23.550.470.756.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption. | OBJECTIVE: Traditionally, a hemispheric assumption for the proximal flow convergence region (PFCR) is used when calculating mitral regurgitant (MR) effective orifice area (EROA). However, 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography limits evaluation of the complete PFCR contour. Real-time 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (RT3D) allows direct assessment of the true PFCR contour. We hypothesized that the PFCR contour is not necessarily hemispheric, but rather hemielliptic, and aimed to apply a hemielliptic calculation, based on the 3D contour of the PFCR for more accurate MR quantification.METHODS: In all, 50 patients with MR underwent RT3D to characterize PFCR contour as hemispheric or hemielliptic. MR EROA by RT3D-derived PFCR was calculated using a hemielliptic formula using 3D data. The 2D EROA was computed using standard hemispheric assumption. EROAs calculated from 2D and RT3D data were compared with quantitative Doppler EROA (mitral inflow--aortic outflow/MR time-velocity integral), used as an independent comparison.RESULTS: Only 1 of 50 patients (2%) had a hemispheric PFCR contour by RT3D. The remaining had hemielliptic PFCR contours. Compared with Doppler method, 2D echocardiography significantly underestimated EROA (0.34 +/- 0.14 vs 0.48 +/- 0.25 cm(2), P < .001). RT3D EROA was not significantly different from Doppler EROA (0.52 +/- 0.17 vs 0.48 +/- 0.25, P = not significant). Of 33 patients with Doppler EROA greater than 0.3 cm(2) (> or =moderate-severe MR), 45% (15 of 33) were underestimated as having mild to moderate MR by 2D EROA.CONCLUSIONS: The true PFCR contour as shown by RT3D is generally not hemispheric but hemielliptic, tracking the orifice contour. Based on this 3D shape, a hemielliptic approach can be used for practical clinical application with improved MR quantification. | ['Aged', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Observer Variation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index'] | 17,400,118 | [['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.230', 'E01.370.350.400.200', 'E01.370.350.850.220.230', 'E01.370.370.380.220.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Novel somatostatin analogs with tyrosine kinase inhibitory and antitumor activity. | A series of new somatostatin analogs have been developed and tested for antitumor activity. Some analogs strongly inhibited tyrosine kinase activity of human colon tumor cells and this activity correlated well with their antiproliferative effect, but did not correlate with GH release inhibition. The best analogs strongly inhibited the metastasis formation in the Lewis lung metastasis model in mice. On the basis of these in vitro and in vivo data we were able to select one analog with strong tyrosine kinase inhibitory and antitumor activity, without inhibiting growth hormone release. | ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Division', 'Growth Hormone', 'Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Somatostatin', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured'] | 8,096,383 | [['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.860', 'D12.644.400.400.740.860', 'D12.644.548.365.740.860', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.860'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['A11.251.860']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor of the chest wall in a 19-year-old female. | A small cell round tumor involving the chest wall of a 19-year-old female had features that by light microscopy were considered consistent with Ewing's tumor. At the ultrastructural level the cells contained small quantities of glycogen and had irregular dendritic processes with rare dense core granules and microtubules. Immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase was positive. The neoplasm is similar to reported cases of peripheral neuroectodermal tumor involving the chest wall of young patients. | ['Adult', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms'] | 2,544,053 | [['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Older women's lives through time. | This 6-year longitudinal study of 103 community-dwelling older women examined changes in physical and mental health and self conceptions and the relationships among self conceptions, physical health, and depression. Over time, physical health, personal growth, and purpose in life declined; depression increased; and positive relations and autonomy were stable. Regression analyses indicated declines in physical health rarely affected the self; increase in depression was related only to concurrent physical health; and prior depression did not predict subsequent physical health. Thus, positive self conceptions and physical health appear to be independent in elderly women, but declines in physical health are associated with depression. | ['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Middle Aged', 'Self Concept', "Women's Health"] | 9,504,209 | [['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['N01.400.900']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Remote ischemic perconditioning is effective alone and in combination with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in murine model of embolic stroke. | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Remote ischemic conditioning is cardioprotective in myocardial infarction and neuroprotective in mechanical occlusion models of stroke. However, there is no report on its therapeutic potential in a physiologically relevant embolic stroke model (embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion) in combination with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA).METHODS: We tested remote ischemic perconditioning therapy (RIPerC) at 2 hours after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse with and without intravenous tPA at 4 hours. We assessed cerebral blood flow up to 6 hours, neurological deficits, injury size, and phosphorylation of Akt (Serine(473)) as a prosurvival signal in the ischemic hemisphere at 48 hours poststroke.RESULTS: RIPerC therapy alone improved the cerebral blood flow and neurological outcomes. tPA alone at 4 hours did not significantly improve the neurological outcome even after successful thrombolysis. Individual treatments with RIPerC and intravenous tPA reduced the infarct size (25.7% and 23.8%, respectively). Combination therapy of RIPerC and tPA resulted in additive effects in further improving the neurological outcome and reducing the infarct size (50%). All the therapeutic treatments upregulated phosphorylation of Akt in the ischemic hemisphere.CONCLUSIONS: RIPerC is effective alone after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion and has additive effects in combination with intravenous tPA. RIPerC may be a simple, safe, and inexpensive combination therapy with intravenous tPA. | ['Administration, Intravenous', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Models, Animal', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Stroke', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 22,910,893 | [['E02.319.267.082'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E02.186'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['E02.592', 'E05.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.598'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E02.319.913'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Regenerative Potential of the Product "CardioCell" Derived from the Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Hindlimb Ischemia. | In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine. They hold great promise for treating civilization-wide diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction and critical limb ischemia. MSCs isolated from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) may be utilized in both cell-based therapy and vascular graft engineering to restore vascular function, thereby providing therapeutic benefits for patients. The efficacy of WJ-MSCs lies in their multipotent differentiation ability toward vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and other cell types, as well as their capacity to secrete various trophic factors, which are potent in promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis and modulating immunoreaction. Ischemic limb disease is caused by insufficient nutrient and oxygen supplies resulting from damaged peripheral arteries. The lack of nutrients and oxygen causes severe tissue damage in the limb, thereby resulting in severe morbidities and mortality. The therapeutic effects of the conventional treatments are still not sufficient. Cell transplantations in small animal model (mice) are vital for deciphering the mechanisms of MSCs' action in muscle regeneration. The stimulation of angiogenesis is a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic limbs, restoring blood supply for the ischemic region. In the present study, we focus on the therapeutic properties of the human WJ-MSCs derived product, Cardio. We investigated the role of CardioCell in promoting angiogenesis and relieving hindlimb ischemia. Our results confirm the healing effect of CardioCell and strongly support the use of the WJ-MSCs in regenerative medicine. | ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hindlimb', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Regeneration', 'Wharton Jelly'] | 31,540,534 | [['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A13.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['G09.330.630'], ['G16.762'], ['A10.165.970']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
An antibacterial metabolite from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae F2. | In searching for symbionts derived from bioactive natural products, six sulfureous diketopiperazines designated as lasiodiplines A-F (1-6) were characterized from the culture of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae F2, previously residing in the apparently normal flower of Illigera rhodantha (Hernandiaceae). Identification of structures was accomplished by a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches, in conjunction with the low-temperature (100K) single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Ká radiation. Lasiodipline E (5) was demonstrated to be antibacterial against the clinical strains Streptococcus sp., Bacteroides vulgates, Peptostreptococcus sp. and Veillonella parvula, respectively, with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.12-0.25 ìg/mL. In addition, compounds 4 and 6 exemplify two unusual architectures of natural cyclodipeptides, signifying the unique biochemical characteristics of the producing fungus. | ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Ascomycota', 'Bacteria', 'Diketopiperazines', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation'] | 24,529,576 | [['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B01.300.107'], ['B03'], ['D03.383.606.385'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy: the experience of a tertiary institution over 15 years. | BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pregnancy is associated with a high maternal mortality and morbidity and has been found to be as high as 30-56%.AIM: To review the management of such patients in a tertiary center over a 15 year period, as the current literature consists of a few case reports, a few small case series and 2 meta-analyses.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of all patients admitted to our institution for management of PH in pregnancy between 1994 and February 2009 was undertaken. Cases were identified from the high-risk pregnancy database within the department of anesthesia and from the hospital medical records. Severity of PH, type of PH, NYHA functional status at presentation and delivery, mode of delivery, peripartum monitoring and APGAR scores were noted. Patients were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team and management planned accordingly.RESULTS: 19 eligible patients were identified. Patients who were significantly sick due to their PH were aggressively managed during pregnancy. Overall there was an improvement in NYHA functional status at the time of delivery. Epidural analgesia and anesthesia for labor and operatively delivery seem to be the ideal choice.CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary approach is a key to the successful management of these patients. Secondary PH results in higher morbidity and mortality, in particular, older the age higher the maternal morbidity and mortality. | ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Apgar Score', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tertiary Care Centers'] | 25,849,682 | [['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.050'], ['E04.520.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N02.278.421.830']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
The occurrence of the 15;17 translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. | For many years, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been associated with the 15;17 translocation. However, questions concerning an eventual geographic distribution have been raised by the Second and Fourth International Workshops on Chromosomes in Leukemia. Using a statistical approach, we showed that, even if the techniques of processing play an important role in detecting the 15;17 translocation, a geographic distribution exists, which is difficult to explain. Finally, we discuss the possible role of c-erb A1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. | ['Chromosomes, Human, 13-15', 'Chromosomes, Human, 16-18', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Oncogenes', 'Specimen Handling', 'Translocation, Genetic'] | 3,455,847 | [['A11.284.187.520.300.370', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']] | ['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Intracellular fate of phase I Coxiella burnetii in guniea pig peritoneal macrophages. | Cultivated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were infected with radio-labeled phase I Coxiella burnetii in order to assess the intracellular distribution of ingested rickettsiae. Localization of organisms was determined by fractionation of macrophage homogenates by equilibrium density centrifugation on sucrose gradients. Macrophages isolated from either nonimmune or immune guinea pigs and infected with C burnetii opsonized with immune serum yielded equilibrium density distribution for rickettsiae similar to lysosomal enzymes, suggesting sequestration within macrophage lysosomes. To confirm these observations nonimmune or immune guinea pigs were injected with Triton WR-1339 prior to macrophage harvest to decrease the density of macrophage lysosomes. Triton-laden macrophages infected with opsonized rickettsiae resulted in equilibrium density distribution for lysosomal enzymes and organisms in less dense regions of the gradient. In contrast, when either nonimmune or immune macrophages were infected in the presence of normal guinea pig serum, the distribution of labeled rickettsiae in the gradient did not correspond with lysosomes. We conclude that in the absence of immune serum, ingested C burnetii are not sequestered within macrophage lysosomes. Phagolysomal fusion and subsequent degradation of rickettsiae within the lysosomes of the macrophages appear to occur only when C burnetii are opsonized with immune serum. | ['Animals', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Coxsackievirus Infections', 'Enterovirus', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Lysosomes', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Phagocytosis', 'Polyethylene Glycols'] | 6,842,464 | [['B01.050'], ['A12.207.119'], ['C01.925.782.687.359.213'], ['B04.820.578.750.284'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[Celioclysis in the treatment of purulent peritonitis]. | The advantages and contraindications associated with peritoneal drainage are discussed. Reference is made to the advantages of drainage combined with continuous coelioclysis in accordance with a personal method, using doxicycline diluted in saline passed into the peritoneal cavity via a small catheter. A personal series of 79 cases treated in this way to back up surgical management is presented. There was only one death due to septic shock. | ['Doxycycline', 'Drainage', 'Humans', 'Peritoneal Cavity', 'Peritonitis', 'Therapeutic Irrigation'] | 692,891 | [['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.678'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Association of genetic alterations on chromosome 17 and loss of hormone receptors in breast cancer. | To investigate possible relationships between genetic alterations and hormonal deregulation during breast cancer development and/or progression, we examined 616 primary breast cancers for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomal regions 16q24, 17p13.3 and 17q21, and for amplifications of the ERBB2 and c-MYC loci. A comparison of oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status in tumour cells with data concerning these genetic alterations revealed that LOH at 17q21 was significantly correlated with absence of oestrogen receptors (ER) (P < 0.0003) or progesterone receptors (PgR) (P < 0.0001), and with the absence of both (P < 0.0001). Similarly, a significant association was observed between amplification of ERBB2 and the absence of either ER or PgR. LOH at 17p13.3 was associated with the absence of PgR (P < 0.01). These data suggest a possible relationship between specific genetic changes on chromosome 17 and hormonal deregulation in the progression of breast cancer. | ['Breast Neoplasms', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Gene Amplification', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genes, erbB-2', 'Genes, myc', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone'] | 7,880,720 | [['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.420', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.420'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.295.305'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.420'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.626'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Neonatal lupus: a case report. | An infant boy born to an asymptomatic mother was found to have typical cutaneous and serologic findings of the neonatal lupus syndrome. Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies were detected in both the mother and the child. Evaluation of the maternal grandmother who had been diagnosed with "lupus" was nondiagnostic. | ['Adult', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid', 'Male', 'Skin'] | 6,607,821 | [['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C17.300.475.479', 'C17.800.480.479'], ['A17.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Intracellular delivery of universal proteins using a lysine headgroup containing cationic liposomes: deciphering the uptake mechanism. | An amino acid-based cationic lipid having a TFA counterion (trifluoroacetic acid counterion) in the lysine headgroup was used to deliver functional proteins into human cervical cancer cells, HeLa, in the presence of serum. Proteins used in the study were fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled bovine serum albumin, mouse anti-F actin antibody [NH3], and goat anti mouse IgG conjugated with FITC. The formation of liposome/protein complexes was confirmed using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the complexes were characterized in terms of their size and zeta potential at different pH values and found to be responsive to changes in pH. The highest delivery efficiency of the liposome/albumin complexes was 99% at 37 °C. The liposomes effectively delivered albumin and antibodies as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Inhibition studies showed that the cellular uptake mechanism of the complexes was via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and the proteins were subsequently released from either the early endosomes or the caveosomes as suggested by CLSM. Thus, lysine-based cationic liposomes can be a useful tool for intracellular protein delivery. | ['Animals', 'Cations', 'Cattle', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endocytosis', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Liposomes', 'Lysine', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine'] | 24,224,643 | [['B01.050'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G04.417'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Identification of the type II Na(+)-Pi cotransporter (Npt2) in the osteoclast and the skeletal phenotype of Npt2-/- mice. | We previously reported that a type II sodium phosphate (Na(+)-Pi) cotransporter (Npt2) protein is expressed in osteoclasts and that Pi limitation decreases osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro. We also demonstrated that mice homozygous for the disrupted Npt2 gene (Npt2-/-) exhibit a unique age-dependent bone phenotype that is associated with significant hypophosphatemia. In the present study, we sought to identify the Npt2 cDNA in mouse osteoclasts and characterize the impact of Npt2 gene ablation on osteoclast function and bone histomorphometry. We demonstrate that the osteoclast Npt2 cDNA sequence is identical to that of the proximal renal tubule and, thus, not an isoform or splice variant thereof. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that, at 25 days of age, Npt2-/- mice exhibited a reduction in osteoclast number and eroded perimeters, relative to wild-type mice. Moreover, although the number of metaphyseal trabeculae was reduced in 25-day-old Npt2-/- mice, trabecular bone volume was normal due to increased trabecular width. At 115 days of age, the decrease in osteoclast index persisted in Npt2-/- mice relative to wild-type littermates. However, mineralizing and osteoblast surfaces and bone formation rates were increased, and, although trabecular number was still reduced, trabecular bone volume was higher than that of wild-type mice. These data demonstrate a link between osteoclast activity and trabecular development in young Npt2-/- mice, and suggest that an age-related adaptation to Npt2 deficiency is apparent in osteoclast and osteoblast function and bone formation. | ['Animals', 'Bone Resorption', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Homeostasis', 'Hypophosphatemia', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Osteoclasts', 'Phenotype', 'Phosphates', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins', 'Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type I', 'Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II', 'Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III', 'Symporters', 'Tibia'] | 11,704,500 | [['B01.050'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.297'], ['G07.410'], ['C18.452.750.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['G05.695'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.750.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.625', 'D12.776.157.648.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.750.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.750.750.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.625.500', 'D12.776.157.648.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.750.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.625.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.750.750.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.625.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.704', 'D12.776.157.648.500.750.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.750.750.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.625.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.829'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.750.750.875', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.625.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.719', 'D12.776.157.648.500.750.875', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.750.750.875', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.625.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.844'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Effects of a vigorous walking program on body composition, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of obese young men. | With no attempt made to influence their diet, six sedentary obese men ages 19 to 31 completed 16 weeks of vigorous walking 90 min, 5 days/week, on a treadmill at up to 3.2 mph on a 10% grade, expending about 1100 kcal per session. Body composition studies indicated a loss of 5.9 kg of body fat and a gain of 0.2 kg of lean tissue for a net loss of 5.7 kg. Percentage body fat decreased from 23.3 to 17.4. Monitored food intake initially increased, then progressively decreased below pretraining levels. Work capacity and cardiovascular efficiency improved with training. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not significantly changed; however, high density lipoprotein cholesterol progressively increased to 15.6% above pretraining levels and the high/low density lipoprotein ratio increased 25.9%. Fasting blood sugar was significantly lower after training. Blood glucose concentrations after a glucose challenge did not significantly change, but a 43% reduction in plasma radioimmunoassay insulin levels and a 36% decrease in the ratio of insulin/glucose concentration occurred. Thus, vigorous regular walking resulted in a reduction of body fate stores, endogenous insulin requirements, and food intake, and perhaps improved the ability to eliminate cholestrol by increasing the plasma high density lipoprotein fraction. | ['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Energy Intake', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Obesity', 'Physical Exertion', 'Skinfold Thickness'] | 474,467 | [] | [] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Immunohistochemical detection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-kit in serous ovarian carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. | OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-kit in a cohort of serous ovarian carcinomas by immunohistochemistry with regard to outcome and clinicopathologic variables.METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue sections of 10 benign serous cystadenomas, 10 serous neoplasms of low malignant potential (LMP), and 41 serous ovarian carcinomas were immunostained with antibodies to hTERT and c-kit. Immunostaining was scored with regard to quantity and intensity of positively stained cells as negative or weak, moderate, and strong. Mitotic activity was determined as mitotic figures per 10 high power fields.RESULTS: hTERT expression was negative in serous cystadenomas; 70% of LMP showed strong nuclear immunoreactivity. In serous carcinomas, nuclear and sometimes cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed; 14% of cases were scored as negative, 42% as moderate, and 44% as strong. hTERT immunoreactivity increased with grade (P < 0.0192) and mitotic activity (P = 0.0018), but not with FIGO stage (P = 0.2752), and was related with outcome (P = 0.0477). No c-kit immunoreactivity was observed in serous cystadenomas and LMP; 27% of serous carcinomas were negative, 46% showed moderate, and 27% strong immunostaining. c-kit immunoreactivity was positively correlated with grade (P = 0.0008) and FIGO stage (P = 0.0247), but not with mitotic activity (P = 0.1433) and outcome (P = 0.1145); however, c-kit expression was positively related with poor outcome in FIGO II and III stages (P = 0.0105).CONCLUSIONS: hTERT and c-kit are frequently up-regulated in serous ovarian carcinomas; c-kit immunoexpression may serve as a marker of aggressive behavior in high stage tumors. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitosis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit', 'Survival Rate', 'Telomerase'] | 16,005,054 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480.240', 'C04.557.470.590.480.240'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.050', 'D12.776.543.750.630.124', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.170', 'D12.776.624.664.700.183'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is caused by abnormal nuclear localization of the DAX-1 protein. | Mutations in the DAX-1 [dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) critical region on the X chromosome; NR0B1] gene cause X-linked AHC associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. DAX-1 encodes an unusual orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in the steroidogenic pathway. All DAX-1 mutations found in AHC patients alter the protein C terminus, which shares similarity to the ligand binding domain of nuclear hormone receptors and bears transcriptional repressor activity. This property is invariably impaired in DAX-1 AHC mutants. Here we show that the localization of DAX-1 AHC mutant proteins is drastically shifted toward the cytoplasm, even if their nuclear localization signal, which resides in the N terminal of the protein, is intact. Cytoplasmic localization of DAX-1 AHC mutants correlates with an impairment in their transcriptional repression activity. These results reveal a critical role of an intact C terminus in determining DAX-1 subcellular localization and constitute an important example of a defect in human organogenesis caused by impaired nuclear localization of a transcription factor. | ['Adrenal Insufficiency', 'Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'X Chromosome'] | 12,034,880 | [['C19.053.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D12.776.826.209.059', 'D12.776.930.780.625.186'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.308'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Different sized somatic NF1 locus rearrangements in neurofibromatosis 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. | Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients are at increased risk of developing both benign (neurofibromas) and malignant (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, MPNST) tumors. Molecular data on tumor progression are scarce, and few studies have compared the NF1 locus copy number in these two tumor types. To further explore the role of such NF1 locus rearrangements in NF1 tumorigenesis, and the likely disruption to the associated genes, the NF1 gene region was analyzed in NF1-associated tumors. DNA from three MPNSTs and one neurofibroma, excised from three unrelated NF1 patients, were analyzed using an NF1 region customized array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The somatic NF1 inactivation mutational mechanisms associated with MPNSTs appear to be different from those in benign neurofibromas. Interestingly, the MPNST-associated deletion breakpoints did not involve the paralogous repetitive sequences that are involved in most germline NF1 deletions. The somatic smallest common region of deletion overlap, however, was restricted to approximately the same ~2.2-Mb interval that encompassed most of the genes deleted in NF1 recurrent constitutional deletions. A number of genes in addition to NF1 on 17q (centromere to 17q24.2) may be involved in MPNST development. A larger study is warranted to confirm these findings. As NF1 patients with such germline NF1 deletions do exhibit increased risk of developing MPNST, these present findings emphasize the likely role of at least some of these NF1 flanking genes in MPNST pathobiology. | ['Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Gene Rearrangement', 'Humans', 'Nerve Sheath Neoplasms', 'Neurofibromatosis 1'] | 20,686,819 | [['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G05.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.580.600', 'C10.551.775.500', 'C10.668.829.725.500'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Estrogen-related receptor ã controls sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression and alcoholic fatty liver. | Although SREBP-1c regulates key enzymes required for hepatic de novo lipogenesis, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of SREBP-1c in pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver is still incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ERRã in alcohol-mediated hepatic lipogenesis and examined the possibility to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver through its inverse agonist. Hepatic ERRã and SREBP-1c expression was increased by alcohol-mediated activation of CB1 receptor signaling. Deletion and mutation analyses of the Srebp-1c gene promoter showed that ERRã directly regulates Srebp-1c gene transcription via binding to an ERR-response element. Overexpression of ERRã significantly induced SREBP-1c expression and fat accumulation in liver of mice, which were blocked in Srebp-1c-knockout hepatocytes. Conversely, liver-specific ablation of ERRã gene expression attenuated alcohol-mediated induction of SREBP-1c expression. Finally, an ERRã inverse agonist, GSK5182, significantly ameliorates fatty liver disease in chronically alcohol-fed mice through inhibition of SREBP-1c-mediated fat accumulation. ERRã mediates alcohol-induced hepatic lipogenesis by upregulating SREBP-1c expression, which can be blunted by the inverse agonist for ERRã, which may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease in human. | ['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fatty Liver, Alcoholic', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Up-Regulation'] | 31,479,733 | [['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C06.552.241.390', 'C06.552.645.390', 'C25.775.100.087.645.390'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750.500', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750.500', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750.500', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750.500'], ['G05.308.800'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Definition of the concordis species group of the genus Euseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae), with a morphological reassessment of the species included. | Phytoseiidae (Acari) is the best known family of predatory mites. Within this family, Euseius Wainstein is one of the largest genera. The species of this genus have generalist feeding behavior, including in their diet mites and pollen. Some studies have demonstrated the potential of certain Euseius species to control pest mites. Euseius concordis (Chant) has been mentioned in the literature as potentially useful for the control of the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon) (Eriophyidae). Several other American species are morphologically similar to E. concordis; the morphological variation of these species is poorly understood. The objective of this study was a taxonomic re-evaluation of E. concordis and of the world species most similar to it. Measurements of species collected in this study and a taxonomic key to separate the species of this group are provided. Morphological evaluations confirmed that Euseius flechtmanni Denmark & Muma is a junior synonym of E. concordis, and determined that Euseius caseariae De Leon is also a junior synonym of E. concordis, that Euseius ho (De Leon) and Euseius brazilli (El-Banhawy) are junior synonyms of Euseius mesembrinus (Dean) and that Euseius vivax (Chant & Baker) is not a junior synonym of Euseius fructicolus (Gonzalez & Schuster), as previously thought. | ['Animal Distribution', 'Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Body Size', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mites', 'Organ Size'] | 26,624,744 | [['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690']] | ['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Annexin A2 is regulated by ovarian cancer-peritoneal cell interactions and promotes metastasis. | Our recent research identified the protein annexin A2 to be regulated by ovarian cancer-peritoneal cell interactions. This study investigated the role of annexin A2 in ovarian cancer metastasis and its potential utility as a novel therapeutic target, using in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models. Annexin A2 expression was examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting in ovarian cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry in serous ovarian carcinoma tissues. Annexin A2 siRNAs were used to evaluate the effects of annexin A2 suppression on ovarian cancer cell adhesion, motility, and invasion. Furthermore, annexin A2 neutralizing antibodies were used to examine the role of annexin A2 in tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo using a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model. Strong annexin A2 immunostaining was observed in 90% (38/42) of the serous ovarian cancer cells and was significantly increased in the cancer-associated stroma compared to non-malignant ovarian tissues. Annexin A2 siRNA significantly inhibited the motility and invasion of serous ovarian cancer cells and adhesion to the peritoneal cells. Annexin A2 neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibited OV-90 cell motility and invasion in vitro and in vivo using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. The growth of SKOV-3 cells and their peritoneal dissemination in nude mice was significantly inhibited by annexin A2 neutralizing antibodies. Annexin A2 plays a critical role in ovarian cancer metastasis and is therefore a potential novel therapeutic target against ovarian cancer. | ['Animals', 'Annexin A2', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chick Embryo', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays'] | 23,945,256 | [['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.060'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480.240', 'C04.557.470.590.480.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Characterisation and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in a primitive teleost, the eel, Anguilla anguilla and comparison with calcitonin. | Radioimmunoassay (RIA), radioreceptor assay and chromatography were used to study the occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in a primitive teleost, the eel, Anguilla anguilla. Immunologically and biologically active CGRP-like molecules were found in brain, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and ultimobranchial body with the higher concentrations in brain, spleen and heart. Gel exclusion chromatography of heart and spleen extracts followed by SDS-PAGE showed that the eel CGRP-like molecules presented a molecular weight between 3.30 and 3.95 kDa similar to that of human CGRP. The wide distribution of CGRP reflects its multiple role as brain neuromediator and peripheral paracrine effector as described in mammals. In comparison, the distribution of calcitonin (CT) was much more restricted, immunologically and biologically active CT-like molecules being localised in the ultimobranchial bodies (UBB) that is the site of CT synthesis in non-mammalian vertebrates. In plasma, CGRP-like concentrations were 10 to 100 higher than those of CT. These high concentrations in a primitive teleost strengthen the possible endocrine role of CGRP in early vertebrates and emphasise the important role of this hormone in evolution. | ['Anguilla', 'Animals', 'Calcitonin', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Species Specificity'] | 14,700,750 | [['B01.050.150.900.493.338.282'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.150', 'D06.472.931.052', 'D12.644.400.095', 'D12.644.548.150', 'D12.776.631.650.095'], ['D12.644.400.097', 'D12.776.631.650.097'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['G16.824']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to the "Anti-E" Rhesus Antibody in a Patient with Crohn's Disease. | BACKGROUND: The rhesus (Rh) system is the second most important blood group system after ABO, with highly immunogenic antigens. Although the anti-E Rh antibody has been reported to cause hemolytic disease of the newborn and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, acute hemolytic transfusion reactions (AHTR) have been rarely reported.METHODS: Peripheral blood (PB) samples were screened for irregular antibodies using a commercial ID-Diacell I - II antibody screening Panel (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Glattbrugg, Switzerland) and ID-cards "LISS/Coombs" (Bio-Rad, Switzerland). The antibody was confirmed using ID DiaPanel, an antibody identification panel (Bio-Rad, Switzerland). Rh phenotyping was performed for RhC/c and RhE/e antigens using an immediate-spin tube test with monoclonal anti-C, -c, -E, and -e (OrthoClinical Diagnostics, High Wycombe, UK) in saline-filled test-tubes.RESULTS: The patient was negative for antibody screening test before transfusion. After receiving a total of 6 units of cross-matching negative RBC transfusion, the antibody screening test result increased to 2+ after showing traces and the antibody was confirmed as anti-E Rh antibody. The Rh phenotype of the patient was C (+), c (+), E (-), and e (+). In addition, we verified that all the six units of RBCs transfused were E (+) except for the two units transfused before surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Here is an unusual case of an AHTR due to the anti-E Rh antibody after E-positive RBC transfusion in a patient with Crohn's disease. Because anemia is common in patients with Crohn's disease, it is important to determine the cause of the anemia and necessary to examine the Rh phenotype before transfusions because of the high need for transfusion due to any cause. Awareness of this possibility will ensure safe blood transfusion with special care to screen for antibodies and perform Rh phenotyping, thereby minimizing morbidity and preventing potential mortality. | ['Adult', 'Blood Group Antigens', 'Crohn Disease', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rh-Hr Blood-Group System', 'Transfusion Reaction'] | 31,532,084 | [['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.290', 'D23.050.705.230'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.050.301.290.775', 'D23.050.705.230.775'], ['C15.378.962', 'C20.920']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee: A retrospective analysis of 214 cases at a UK tertiary referral centre. | AIMS: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, locally aggressive and potentially recurrent synovial disease. We present the largest single-centre experience of knee PVNS. Our aim was to evaluate our tertiary hospital's experience in the management of knee PVNS.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective data collection of consecutive cases of knee PVNS from 2002 to 2015.RESULTS: In total, 214 cases of knee PVNS were identified which represented 53.4% of all PVNS (12.1% were recurrent at presentation). 100 were localised PVNS (LPVNS), 114 diffuse PVNS (DPVNS) and two malignant PVNS. Knee PVNS was more likely to occur in females with a mean age of 39. Following surgery, 47.6% had recurrence with DPVNS as opposed to 8.6% with LPVNS. In LPVNS, there was no significant difference in recurrence between open and arthroscopic synovectomy (8.7% vs 9.1%, P>0.05). However, in DPVNS, there was a significantly higher risk of recurrence with arthroscopic compared to open synovectomy (83.3% vs 44.8%, RR=1.86 95% CI 1.32-2.62, P=0.0004).CONCLUSION: PVNS can be difficult to treat. We found no difference in local recurrence rates between open and arthroscopic treatment of LPVNS but significantly increased rates of recurrence for DPVNS following arthroscopic treatment. We would therefore recommend open synovectomy for DPVNS. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthroscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Synovectomy', 'Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'United Kingdom'] | 28,442,184 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.555.640'], ['C04.557.450.565.380.690.500', 'C05.550.870.445.500', 'C05.651.869.762.500'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['Z01.542.363']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Ultrasound evaluation of visceral and subcutaneous fat reduction in morbidly obese subjects undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective comparison study. | BACKGROUND: Visceral fat (VF) plays a major role in the development of metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. The aim of our study is to compare VF and subcutaneous fat (SCF) reduction measured by ultrasonography (US) after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and laparoscopic Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).METHODS: Thirty-nine morbidly obese patients were prospectively evaluated by US before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery to determine VF and SCF thickness.RESULTS: Three statistically comparable groups of morbidly obese patients underwent LRYGB (n = 13), LSG (n = 15), and LAGB (n = 11). The three groups did not differ in initial age, gender, body mass index (BMI), VF, or SCF. Final excess weight loss (EWL%) was highest after LSG and LRYGB followed by LAGB (81 ± 5.8 vs. 69.5 ± 4.5 vs. 43.4 ± 5.2, p < 0.001). LSG and LRYGB were significantly more efficient in VF reduction (ÄVF) compared with LAGB (7.1 ± 0.5 vs. 5.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.6 ± 0.8, p = 0.004). SCF reduction (ÄSCF) was also highest after LSG followed by LRYGB and LAGB (3 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4, p = 0.08). The change in fat distribution, determined as Ä(VF/SCF), showed a preferential VF reduction in the LSG and LRYGB patients compared with patients that underwent LAGB (0.59 ± 0.1 vs. 0.52 ± 0.2 vs. 0.19 ± 0.2, p = 0.42). In a subgroup analysis comparing only LSG to LRYGB, no statistically significant difference was seen in EWL%, ÄVF, ÄSCF, or in fat distribution Ä(VF/SCF).CONCLUSION: LSG and LRYGB show better preferential and overall VF reduction than LAGB. US may serve as a simple tool of evaluating postoperative fat distribution. | ['Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Gastric Bypass', 'Gastroplasty', 'Humans', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Male', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Prospective Studies', 'Subcutaneous Fat', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography'] | 25,394,586 | [['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E04.210.419'], ['E02.650.500.062.249', 'E04.035.398.385', 'E04.062.249', 'E04.210.457.430'], ['E02.650.500.062.750', 'E04.062.750', 'E04.210.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.500'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A10.165.114.830.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Long-term evaluation of osseointegrated implants inserted at the time or after vertical ridge augmentation. A retrospective study on 123 implants with 1-5 year follow-up. | The purpose of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively, after 1 to 5 years of prosthetic loading, 123 implants consecutively inserted at the time of vertical ridge augmentation in 4 clinics. At the time of the implant surgery, 3 different techniques were used: the implants were allowed to protrude 2 to 7 mm from the bone level and a titanium reinforced expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane was positioned to protect either the blood clot (Group A, 6 patients), or an allograft (Group B, 11 patients), or an autograft (Group C, 32 patients). The annual implant evaluation was carried out according to a standard protocol utilized for long term studies with endosseous implants inserted in non-regenerated bone. Only 1 implant failed immediately after the second stage surgery and after 1 month it was substituted with a new implant. All the remaining implants appeared clinically stable, no signs of radiolucency were present at the bone-implant interface, therefore, they could be defined successfully osseointegrated. The radiographic analysis showed stable bone crest levels with a mean bone loss of 1.35 mm for the Group A, of 1.87 mm for the Group B and of 1.71 for the Group C during the period of observation. Only 2 implants demonstrated an increased crestal bone loss of 3.5 mm and 4 mm respectively at the first year examination. On the base of these results, we can confirm previous long term studies on regenerated bone and we can conclude that vertically augmented bone with GBR techniques responds to implant placement like native, non-regenerated bone. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alveolar Process', 'Alveolar Ridge Augmentation', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Bone Regeneration', 'Bone Resorption', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Middle Aged', 'Osseointegration', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Radiography, Bitewing', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Titanium', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 11,168,269 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['E04.545.550.100', 'E06.645.550.100'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['G11.427.213.140', 'G16.762.150.150'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.780.346.706', 'E07.695.190.185'], ['E06.323.400', 'E06.780.346.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['E01.370.350.700.720.700', 'E06.342.764.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Sudden unexpected death in young adults. Discrepancies between initiation of acute plaque complications and the onset of acute coronary death. | AIMS: To study the time relationship between the onset of coronary thrombosis and sudden unexpected cardiac death in young adults.METHODS AND RESULTS: Hearts of 11 young adults (< or = 35 years), who had died within 1h after onset of symptoms and presented with a coronary thrombotic occlusion were studied retrospectively for the type of underlying plaque complication and the time of onset of thrombus formation. In all cases tissue blocks were taken from the occluded artery and sectioned for microscopic evaluation. Of 11 culprit lesions 10 were mainly fibrocellular; only one was lipid-rich. Inflammatory cells were found in all plaques, albeit in highly variable amounts. Plaque erosion had occurred in nine; deep ruptures in two. Analysis of the plaque-related occluding thrombus revealed fresh thrombosis in three (both ruptured plaques and one erosion); the other eight, however, showed occlusion with different histological stages of organization of thrombus.CONCLUSIONS: Despite strict inclusion criteria for sudden death in these young adults, the majority must have had plaque instability for some time, since thrombus formation had occurred at least days to weeks prior to the acute event. | ['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Autopsy', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Thrombosis', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors'] | 12,208,223 | [['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['C14.280.647.250.290', 'C14.907.355.830.220', 'C14.907.585.250.290'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']] | ['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A calcium agonist, Bay k 8644, suppresses the embryotoxic effects induced by dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers in cultured rat embryos. | Day 9 rat embryos were exposed to 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers; nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC) or nitrendipine (NIT), for 48 hr in the whole embryo culture system. There were dose-dependent growth retardation and abnormalities, predominantly in cardiovascular system. The three compounds exhibited very similar pattern of dysmorphogenic effects, but the potency of these compounds were quantitatively different. The incidences of embryos with the abnormalities were 100%, 100% and 85% following either exposure of NIF, NIC or NIT at concentration of 300, 8 and 15 microM, respectively. This study was to investigate whether these blocker-induced embryotoxicity was due to calcium channel blocking properties themselves in the embryos. Day 9 rat embryos were co-exposed to 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist, Bay k 8644 (BAY) and each calcium channel blocker under the same culture condition. The retarded embryonic growth induced by 200 or 300 microM of NIF, 8 microM of NIC and 15 microM of NIT nearly of completely ameliorated when embryos were co-exposed with BAY at one-third or half concentration of each calcium channel blocker. Supplementation of BAY reduced the incidence of abnormalities by NIF-, NIC- and NIT-alone. These results suggested that one of mechanisms for embryotoxicity induced by calcium channel blocker was directly related to channel blocking property of the chemicals. | ['3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester', 'Animals', 'Calcium Channel Agonists', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Culture Techniques', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Male', 'Nicardipine', 'Nifedipine', 'Nitrendipine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley'] | 9,819,758 | [['D03.383.725.203.600', 'D03.383.725.547.900'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.562.124', 'D27.505.696.260.250', 'D27.505.954.411.793.205'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['E05.481.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['A16.254'], ['D03.383.725.203.510'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D03.383.725.203.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Influence of albumin on itraconazole and ketoconazole antifungal activity: results of a dynamic in vitro study. | The relevance of intense protein binding to the antifungal activity of azole compounds is still a matter of debate. The influence of albumin on the antimicrobial activity of ketoconazole and itraconazole, which exhibit very strong plasma protein binding (99 and 99.8%), was evaluated in vitro. Candida albicans was exposed to continuously changing azole concentrations corresponding to drug levels in serum following an oral dose of 200 mg. Total as well as free drug levels in serum were simulated. The incubation medium was free of proteins or contained 4% human serum albumin. Itraconazole levels reflecting free drug concentrations in humans did not reduce the growth rate of C. albicans, as compared with controls (difference in the log CFU per milliliter at 12 h, 0.03 +/- 0.09), whereas total drug levels were as active in the presence of 4% albumin (mean difference, -0.61) as in its absence (-0.75). The same was true for ketoconazole, except that free drug levels were also active (-1.21 versus -1.39 for total drug levels). This result was due to the higher ketoconazole levels in humans. Thus, in terms of routine susceptibility testing, in vitro total drug levels can be considered relevant. | ['Antifungal Agents', 'Candida albicans', 'Culture Media', 'Humans', 'Itraconazole', 'Ketoconazole', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Protein Binding', 'Serum Albumin'] | 1,662,022 | [['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.799.550', 'D03.383.606.530'], ['D03.383.606.560'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Screening proteins for NMR suitability. | NMR spectroscopy is a valuable tool in structural genomics. Identification of protein samples that are amenable to structure determination by NMR spectroscopy requires efficient screening. The preparation of multiple samples in parallel and screening by NMR is described. The method described is applicable to large structural genomics projects but can easily be scaled down for application to small structural biology projects. All the equipment used is commonly found in any NMR structural biology laboratory. | ['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Genomics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Biology', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins'] | 24,590,717 | [['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[A rare variant of chromosome 1 in the house mouse: the presence of 2 supernumerary heterochromatin segments]. | An abnormal chromosome 1 with two extra interstitial heterochromatin segments was found in the karyotype of a house mouse from the Maritime Territory. Until recently, variants of the abnormal chromosome 1 with the only extra C-block were known in house mouse of some European populations. Sizes of the abnormal chromosome 1 in a house mouse of the Maritime Territory are increased almost by 50%, in comparison with the normal homologue. C-banding showed that extra segments were localized in the area of D and F segments of the standard karyotype in house mouse, and stained homogeneously. | ['Animals', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Genetic Variation', 'Heterochromatin', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Siberia'] | 3,360,320 | [['B01.050'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['G05.365'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.383', 'D12.776.664.224.466', 'G05.360.160.180.383'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['Z01.252.122.500.500']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Overactive performance monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder: ERP evidence from correct and erroneous reactions. | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has repeatedly been associated with hyperactivity in fronto-striatal brain regions and regions related to performance monitoring. The aim of the current study was to further investigate electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring. Specifically, we intended to replicate previous results revealing enhanced error-related negativity (ERN) amplitudes in OCD patients. Furthermore, we examined whether OCD patients also showed alterations regarding the correct-related negativity (CRN), the error positivity (Pe) and behavioural correlates of performance monitoring. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from a group of 20 OCD patients and 20 healthy control participants during a modified flanker task. Force sensitive response buttons were utilized to separate correct trials from incorrect trials with full and partial response activation. Both groups displayed substantial ERN and Pe amplitudes for full and partial errors. On error trials OCD patients showed enhanced ERN amplitudes, but group differences were not significant for the Pe and for behavioural adjustment. Further, the OCD group also exhibited enhanced CRN amplitudes and a correlation of frontal CRN amplitudes with symptom severity. These data provide further support for the view that performance monitoring is overactive in OCD. Further, since the amplitude enhancement is not specific to error processing, but is also observed for correct reactions, a response monitoring or evaluation process that contributes to both ERP components might be overactive in OCD. This is in line with fMRI results that revealed higher error- and conflict-related activity in the medial frontal cortex in OCD patients. | ['Adult', 'Attention', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Choice Behavior', 'Control Groups', 'Electroencephalography', 'Electrooculography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Task Performance and Analysis'] | 18,514,679 | [['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['E05.318.370.074', 'E05.581.500.149'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E01.370.380.230.285', 'E01.370.405.245.787.285'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.612'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F03.080.600'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Genetic change for clinical mastitis in Norwegian cattle: a threshold model analysis. | Records of clinical mastitis on 1.6 million first-lactation daughters of 2,411 Norwegian Cattle sires that were progeny tested from 1978 through 1998 were analyzed with a threshold model. The main objective was to infer genetic change for the disease in the population. A Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling was used. The model for the underlying liability had age at first calving, month x year of calving, herd x 3-year-period, and sire of the cow as explanatory variables. Posterior mean (SD) of heritability of liability to clinical mastitis was 0.066 (0.003). Genetic evaluations (posterior means) of sires both in the liability and observable scales were computed. Annual genetic change of liability to clinical mastitis for progeny tested bulls born from 1973 to 1993 was assessed. The linear regression of mean sire effect on year of birth had a posterior mean (SD) of -0.00018 (0.0004), suggesting a nearly constant genetic level for clinical mastitis. However, an analysis of sire posterior means by birth-year of daughters indicated an approximately constant genetic level in the cow population from 1976 to 1990 (-0.02%/yr), and a genetic improvement thereafter (-0.27%/yr). This reflects more emphasis on mastitis in selection of bulls in recent years. Corresponding results obtained with a standard linear model analysis were -0.01% and -0.23% per year, respectively (regression of sire predicted transmitting ability on birth-year of daughters). Genetic change seems to be slightly understated with the linear model, assuming the threshold model holds true. | ['Animals', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Breeding', 'Cattle', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Lactation', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Mastitis, Bovine', 'Models, Genetic', 'Norway'] | 12,613,880 | [['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G05.365'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['C22.196.581'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['Z01.542.816.374']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Social deprivation and exposure to health promotion. A study of the distribution of health promotion resources to schools in England. | BACKGROUND: Area deprivation is a known determinant of health. It is also known that area deprivation is associated with lower impact health promotion. It is less well known, however, whether deprived areas are less responsive to health promotion, or whether they are less exposed. Using data from a national, school-based campaign to promote vaccination against the human papilloma virus (HPV), the relationship between area deprivation and exposure was examined.METHODS: Taking advantage of a health promotion campaign to provide information to schools about HPV vaccination, a cross sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between area level, social deprivation, and take-up of (i.e., exposure to) available health promotion material. The sample was 4,750 schools across England, including government maintained and independent schools. The relationship between area deprivation and exposure was examined using bi- and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: It was found that schools in the least deprived quintile had 1.32 times the odds of requesting health promotion materials than schools in the most deprived areas (p = .01). This effect was independent of the school size, the type of school, and the geographic region.CONCLUSION: The relationship between area deprivation and the impact of health promotion may be due, at least in part, to differential levels of exposure. The study was limited in scope, pointing to the need for more research, but also points to potentially important policy implications. | ['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'England', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Papillomavirus Vaccines', 'Poverty Areas', 'Resource Allocation'] | 20,698,980 | [['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['D20.215.894.899.498'], ['I01.880.853.996.535.550', 'N01.824.600.550'], ['I01.261.750']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Increased biomass accumulation in maize grown in mixed nitrogen supply is mediated by auxin synthesis. | The use of mixed nitrate and ammonium as a nitrogen source can improve plant growth. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics to study the underlying mechanisms. Maize plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of three forms of nitrogen (nitrate alone, 75%/25% nitrate/ammonium, and ammonium alone). Plants grown with mixed nitrogen had a higher photosynthetic rate than those supplied only with nitrate, and had the highest leaf area and shoot and root biomass among the three nitrogen treatments. In shoot and root, the concentration of nitrogenous compounds (ammonium, glutamine, and asparagine) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in plants with a mixed nitrogen supply was higher than that with nitrate supply, but lower than that with ammonium supply. The activity of the related enzymes (glutamate synthase, asparagine synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, invertase, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) changed accordingly. Specifically, the mixed nitrogen source enhanced auxin synthesis via the shikimic acid pathway, as indicated by the higher levels of phosphoenolpyruvate and tryptophan compared with the other two treatments. The expression of corresponding genes involving auxin synthesis and response was up-regulated. Supply of only ammonium resulted in high levels of glutamine and asparagine, starch, and trehalose hexaphosphate. We conclude that, in addition to increased photosynthesis, mixed nitrogen supply enhances leaf growth via increasing auxin synthesis to build a large sink for carbon and nitrogen utilization, which, in turn, facilitates further carbon assimilation and nitrogen uptake. | ['Biomass', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Nitrogen', 'Zea mays'] | 30,759,246 | [['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Proline dehydrogenase promotes senescence through the generation of reactive oxygen species. | Cellular senescence is a complex stress response characterized by permanent loss of proliferative capacity and is implicated in age-related disorders. Although the transcriptional activity of p53 (encoded by TP53) is known to be vital for senescence induction, the downstream effector genes critical for senescence remain unsolved. Recently, we have identified the proline dehydrogenase gene (PRODH) to be upregulated specifically in senescent cells in a p53-dependent manner, and the functional relevance of this to senescence is yet to be defined. Here, we conducted functional analyses to explore the relationship between PRODH and the senescence program. We found that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PRODH suppressed senescent phenotypes induced by DNA damage. Furthermore, ectopic expression of wild-type PRODH, but not enzymatically inactive forms, induced senescence associated with the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accumulation of DNA damage. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, prevented senescence induced by PRODH overexpression. These results indicate that PRODH plays a causative role in DNA damage-induced senescence through the enzymatic generation of ROS. | ['Acetylcysteine', 'Cell Line', 'Cellular Senescence', 'DNA Damage', 'Fibroblasts', 'Furans', 'Humans', 'Proline Oxidase', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Transgenes', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53'] | 28,264,926 | [['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.043'], ['G05.200'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D03.383.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.662.640', 'D08.811.682.664.500.810'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers autophagy in malignant glioma cells undergoing cyclosporine a-induced cell death. | Autophagy is a conserved, self-digestion process that is activated in response to nutrient limitation but acting also as an alternative death mechanism under certain conditions. It is accompanied by the progressive formation of vesicle structures from autophagosomes to autophagolysosomes orchestrated by autophagy effectors (Atg proteins) and modulators (that is, mTOR-mammalian target of rapamycin as a negative regulator). Malignant gliomas are highly resistant to current therapies that induce apoptosis, thus induction of the alternative cell death is an attractive strategy. We demonstrate that cyclosporine A (CsA, an immunophilin/calcineurin inhibitor) induces cell death with some apoptotic features but also accompanied by the appearance of numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles, immunostained for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and autophagy markers. The induction of ER stress in glioma cells by CsA was evidenced by detection of unfolded protein response activation (phosphorylation of PERK, accumulation of IRE1á) and accumulation of ER stress-associated proteins (BIP and CHOP). Formation of the acidic vesicular organelles, increase of autophagic vacuoles, GFP-LC3 punctation (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) and LC3-II accumulation upon CsA treatment confirmed activation of autophagy. Decrease of phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, p70S6K1 and its downstream target S6 ribosomal protein demonstrate inhibition of mTOR signaling by CsA. Salubrinal and silencing of PERK and IRE1á partially blocked CsA-induced accumulation of LC3-II. It suggests that ER stress precedes CsA-induced autophagy. Surprisingly, silencing of autophagy effectors ULK1, Atg5 or Atg7 increased the level of active caspases 3, 7 and PARP degradation in CsA-treated cells. Our results demonstrate that CsA induces both apoptosis and autophagy in malignant glioma cells via induction of ER stress and inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway, however autophagy is cytoprotective in this context. | ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Autophagy', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cyclosporine', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Rats', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'eIF-2 Kinase'] | 22,580,614 | [['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.011'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['G04.434'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.300', 'D12.644.360.275', 'D12.776.476.275']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The Impact of Livestrong® at the YMCA for Cancer Survivors. | OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical significance of pre- and post-exercise rehabilitation physical and psychosocial outcomes of the Livestrong® at the YMCA program.SAMPLE & SETTING: 158 participants at the YMCA of the Fox Cities in Appleton, Wisconsin, were analyzed for pre- and postparticipation physical outcomes, 68 participants were analyzed for pre- and postparticipation psychosocial outcomes, and 11 participants were interviewed about their experiences.METHODS & VARIABLES: Participant interviews and statistical analysis of pre- and postparticipation measurements of physical and psychological determinants of health were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this exercise rehabilitation program.RESULTS: Quantitative data suggest physical measures of strength, balance, flexibility, and endurance, and psychosocial measures of anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance, satisfaction with social role, and pain interference were significantly improved post-exercise rehabilitation. Six themes that addressed experiences with Livestrong at the YMCA were qualitatively identified through participant interviews.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: It is crucial for the members of the interprofessional healthcare team to disseminate exercise rehabilitation information to survivors. Equally important is identifying when and how an exercise program will be discussed in the treatment plan. A referral system cue within the current electronic health record could help link local community exercise programs for survivors. | ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cancer Survivors', 'Community Health Services', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Quality of Life', 'Wisconsin'] | 30,339,155 | [['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.860.350'], ['N02.421.143'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.900']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Tau-targeted immunization impedes progression of neurofibrillary histopathology in aged P301L tau transgenic mice. | In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, the microtubule-associated protein tau and amyloid-â (Aâ) deposit as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular plaques, respectively. Tau deposits are furthermore found in a significant number of frontotemporal dementia cases. These diseases are characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, the loss of intellectual capabilities and behavioral changes. Unfortunately, the currently available therapies are limited to symptomatic relief. While active immunization against Aâ has shown efficacy in both various AD mouse models and patients with AD, immunization against pathogenic tau has only recently been shown to prevent pathology in young tau transgenic mice. However, if translated to humans, diagnosis and treatment would be routinely done when symptoms are overt, meaning that the histopathological changes have already progressed. Therefore, we used active immunization to target pathogenic tau in 4, 8, and 18 months-old P301L tau transgenic pR5 mice that have an onset of NFT pathology at 6 months of age. In all age groups, NFT pathology was significantly reduced in treated compared to control pR5 mice. Similarly, phosphorylation of tau at pathological sites was reduced. In addition, increased astrocytosis was found in the oldest treated group. Taken together, our data suggests that tau-targeted immunization slows the progression of NFT pathology in mice, with practical implications for human patients. | ['Aging', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Disease Progression', 'Gliosis', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Immunization', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Phosphorylation', 'Vaccination', 'tau Proteins'] | 22,174,735 | [['G07.345.124'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C23.550.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08.675.609.520', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.640.520', 'A11.671.573.520'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Male specific genes from dioecious white campion identified by fluorescent differential display. | Fluorescent differential display (FDD) has been used to screen for cDNAs that are differentially up-regulated in male flowers of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia in which an X/Y chromosome system of sex determination operates. To adapt FDD to the cloning of large numbers of differential cDNAs, a novel method of confirming the differential expression of these has been devised. FDD gels were Southern electro-blotted and probed with mixtures of individual cDNA clones derived from different FDD product ligation reactions. These Southern blots were then stripped and re-probed with further mixtures of individual cloned FDD products to identify the maximum number of recombinant clones carrying the true differential amplification products. Of 135 differential bands identified by FDD, 56 differential amplification products were confirmed; these represent 23 unique differentially expressed genes as determined by virtual Northern analysis and two genes expressed at or below the level of detection by virtual Northern analysis. These two low expressed genes show bands of hybridization on genomic Southern blots that are specific to male plants, indicating that they are derived from, or closely related to, Y chromosome genes. | ['Blotting, Southern', 'Chromosomes', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA, Plant', 'Reproduction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Silene'] | 12,040,104 | [['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['G08.686.784'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.250.655']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Accuracy of SNPs to predict risk of HLA alleles associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity events across racial groups. | AIM: To evaluate the potential usefulness of selected SNPs to predict specific HLA alleles that are associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) in different ethnic groups.METHODS & RESULTS: Five specific HLA alleles known to predict HSR were tagged by seven SNPs (rs1061235-HLA-A*31:01; rs2395029-HLA-B*57:01; rs3909184-HLA-B*15:02; rs9469003-HLA-B*58:01; rs3117583-HLA-B*58:01; rs9270986-HLA-DQA1*01:02 and rs3129900-HLA-DQA1*01:02). DNA from 24 African-Americans, 56 Asian, 44 Caucasians and 36 Hispanics of known high resolution HLA-A, B and DQA1 status were genotyped for tagSNPs using TaqMan. Sensitivity and specificity were considered the primary end points and were 100% across the four populations for rs2395029-HLA-B*57:01. SNP prediction of HLA-A*31:01 had 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the utility of SNP tagging as a 'real time' approach to predict or exclude the presence of specific HLA alleles of known importance to HSR across diverse ethnic groups. Original submitted 24 April 2014; Revision submitted 2 April 2015. | ['African Americans', 'Alleles', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genotype', 'HLA-B Antigens', 'HLA-DQ alpha-Chains', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide'] | 26,083,016 | [['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.500', 'D12.776.543.550.439.500', 'D23.050.301.500.100.500', 'D23.050.301.500.450.380', 'D23.050.705.552.100.500', 'D23.050.705.552.450.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430.500', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430.500'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy among older adults in a community setting. | OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become the preferred method to provide enteral tube feeding to older adults who have difficulty eating, but the impact of PEG on patient outcomes is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe changes in nutrition, functional status, and health-related quality of life among older adults receiving PEG.DESIGN: A prospective cohort study.SETTING: A small community of approximately 60,000 residents served by two hospital systems.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty patients aged 60 and older receiving PEG from one of the four gastroenterologists practicing in the targeted community.MEASUREMENTS: Patients were assessed at baseline and every 2 months for 1 year to obtain clinical characteristics, process of care data, physical and cognitive function, subjective health status, nutritional status, complications, and mortality.RESULTS: Over a 14-month period, 150 patients received PEG tubes in the targeted community; the mean age was 78.9. The most frequent indications for the PEG were stroke (40.7%), neurodegenerative disorders (34.7%), and cancer (13.3%). All measures of functional status, cognitive status, severity of illness, comorbidity, and quality of life demonstrated profound and life-threatening impairment; 30-day mortality was 22% and 1-year mortality was 50%. Among patients surviving 60 days or more, at least 70% had no significant improvement in functional, nutritional, or subjective health status. Serious complications were rare, but most patients experienced symptomatic problems that they attributed to the enteral tube feeding.CONCLUSIONS: PEG tube feeding in severely and chronically ill older adults can be accomplished safely. However, there are important patient burdens associated with the PEG and there was limited evidence that the procedure improves functional, nutritional, or subjective health status in this cohort of older adults. The issues raised in this descriptive study provide impetus for a randomized trial of PEG tube feeding compared with alternative methods of patient care for older adults with difficulty eating. | ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude to Health', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gastroscopy', 'Gastrostomy', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome'] | 10,983,903 | [['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.325', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.320', 'E04.210.240.250.320', 'E04.502.250.250.250.320'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
'Dicty dynamics': Dictyostelium motility as persistent random motion. | We model the motility of Dictyostelium cells in a systematic data-driven manner. We deduce a minimal dynamical model that reproduces the statistical features of experimental trajectories. These are trajectories of the centroid of the cell perimeter, which is more sensitive to pseudopod activity than the usual tracking by centroid or nucleus. Our data account for cell individuality and dictate a model that extends the cell-type specific models recently derived for mammalian cells. Two generalized Langevin equations model stochastic periodic pseudopod motion parallel and orthogonal to the amoeba's direction of motion. This motion propels the amoeba with a random periodic left-right waddle in a direction that has a long persistence time. The model fully accounts for the statistics of the experimental trajectories, including velocity power spectra and auto-correlations, non-Gaussian velocity distributions, and multiplicative noise. Thus, we find neither need nor place in our data for an interpretation in terms of anomalous diffusion. The model faithfully captures cell individuality as different parameter values in the model, and serves as a basis for integrating the local mechanics of cell motion with our observed long-term behavior. | ['Cell Movement', 'Dictyostelium', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Normal Distribution', 'Periodicity', 'Stochastic Processes'] | 21,610,290 | [['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nutritional and metabolic consequences of the early Maillard reaction of heat treated milk in the pig. Significance for man. | BACKGROUND: During the processing of foods, the Maillard reaction may occur contributing to altering the nutritional value of proteins. In dairy products the formation of lactuloselysine reduces the availability of lysine but the effects on the other nutrients are not very well known.AIM OF THE STUDY: Determination of the consequences of a high level of lactuloselysine in milk on the bioavailability of skim milk nutrients and the kinetics of their appearance in the portal blood and of their urinary and faecal excretions and extrapolation to lower heat treatments and to man, using the pig model.METHODS: Sub-adult pigs were fitted, under anaesthesia, with permanent catheters in the portal vein, carotid artery and urethra, and with an electromagnetic flow probe around the portal vein. Each animal was successively fed with two experimental meals containing an equal amount of dried skim milk (SM), either lyophilised or heat treated to obtain an intense Maillard reaction, (M-SM) resulting in a 50% lysine blockage. Portal and arterial concentrations and flux of individual amino acids (AA), glucose, galactose and fructoselysine were measured for a period of 12h after the meals. Lysine, fructoselysine and AA excreted in the urine and faeces within 72h were also determined.RESULTS: In M-SM containing 50% blocked lysine, no other AA was chemically modified. Fructoselysine appeared in the portal blood very late compared to amino acids resulting from a very slow release and corresponded to 8.2 and 18.6% of the ingested amount after 12 and 72h, respectively. Significant changes of the appearance in the portal blood were observed only for lysine (-60%), alanine (-17%) and cystine (+37%). A small decrease in the digestibility of most AA during the same period was observed, which was significant after 48h for lysine, phenylalanine, cystine, aspartic acid, glycine and total AA (-6%).CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that lactuloselysine was not bioavailable. The loss in protein nutritive value was mainly due and proportional to the deterioration of lysine and, to a lesser extent, to the decrease in the digestibility of some essential AA. Taking into account the very high level of lactuloselysine in the M-SM sample studied, it may be concluded that in common foods such as milk, infant formulas, biscuits, bread, pasta, containing lower levels of blocked lysine, the nutritional loss is primarily due to the loss of lysine and to a less extent to the decrease in the digestibility of other essential AA. | ['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Freeze Drying', 'Hot Temperature', 'Lactulose', 'Lysine', 'Maillard Reaction', 'Milk', 'Milk Proteins', 'Models, Animal', 'Nutritive Value', 'Swine', 'Time Factors'] | 11,990,002 | [['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A12.459'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160.260', 'E02.792.156.260', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160.260', 'E05.760.156.260'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D09.698.629.305.423', 'D09.947.750.423'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G02.607.522'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['E05.598'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Quercetin and interferon-beta modulate immune response(s) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from multiple sclerosis patients. | The study is aimed to determine the role of quercetin (3,3'4',5,7-pentahydroxy flavone), alone and in combination with human interferon-beta (IFN-beta), in modulating the immune response(s) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and from normal healthy subjects. PBMC proliferation in the presence or absence of these drugs was determined and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha), and the ratio of cell migration mediator MMP-9, and its inhibitor, TIMP-1 were assessed in the culture supernatants. Quercetin reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of PBMC and modulated the level of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha released by PBMC in the culture supernatants. Quercetin reduced the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio via lowering MMP-9 production. Quercetin, when combined with IFN-beta, had additive effects in modulating TNF-alpha and MMP-9. These immunomodulatory responses to quercetin were similar between MS patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. | ['Adult', 'Antioxidants', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Interferon-beta', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 1', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Quercetin', 'Young Adult'] | 18,926,575 | [['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.275', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.275', 'D23.529.374.440.890.275'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.100', 'D12.644.276.848.100', 'D12.776.467.836.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['M01.060.116.815']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
The mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 action involved in the enhancement of neurotrophic factor expression. | Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and catalyzes the degradation of pro-oxidant heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron and bilirubin. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and neuroprotectant. Neurotrophic factors of BDNF and GDNF also play important roles in survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. We have previously found that HO-1 induction by adenovirus containing human HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) in substantia nigra of rat increases BDNF and GDNF expression. We here further examined the possible mechanism of HO-1 action involved in the enhancement of neurotrophic factor expression. Treatment of anti-BDNF/GDNF antibody significantly enhanced dopaminergic neuronal death, whereas Ad-HO-1 co-treatment was able to antagonize the apoptosis-inducing effect of these antibodies. The confocal imaging shows that HO-1 induction appeared in dopaminergic neuron, astrocyte and microglia at 24 h after injecting Ad-HO-1. HO-1 induced-BDNF/GDNF mRNA expression in substantia nigra was 26/21 folds of that of the contralateral Ad-injected side. The downstream product bilirubin increased GDNF expression through ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways, and also enhanced NFkappaB (p65 and p50) nuclear translocation in glia-enriched cultures. In addition, bilirubin also enhanced BDNF expression through similar pathway in cortical neuron-enriched cultures. We also examined the effect of another HO-1 product, CO, by using CO donor. [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 increased neurotrophic factor expression via sGC-PKG pathway in both neuron and glia. These results indicate that the downstream products of HO-1, i.e. bilirubin and CO, modulate BDNF and GDNF expression in neuron and astrocyte. | ['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cell Death', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Dopamine', 'Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Heme Oxygenase-1', 'Humans', 'Mesencephalon', 'Microglia', 'Neurons', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Transgenic', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Substantia Nigra'] | 19,925,812 | [['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D12.644.276.860.381.500', 'D12.776.467.860.381.500', 'D12.776.631.600.381.500', 'D23.529.850.381.500'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.136.700', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.825'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Facilitatory or inhibitory nontarget effects in the location-cuing paradigm. | The effect of nontargets on the identification of targets in the location-cuing paradigm was investigated in order to determine whether observers consistently allocate their attention to a validly cued location and whether the effect of nontargets is to facilitate or to inhibit performance. In four experiments, the effects of a single matching nontarget or a single nonmatching nontarget were compared. In each experiment, it was shown that observers consistently allocate their attention to a cued location when a precue appears and that performance is inhibited more by nonmatching nontargets in the display than it is facilitated by matching nontargets. | ['Adult', 'Attention', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Random Allocation', 'Visual Perception'] | 9,262,415 | [['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['F02.463.593.932']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Protein quantitation and analysis of purity. | The accurate quantitation of proteins and an analysis of their purity are essential in numerous areas of scientific research, and are a critical factor in many clinical applications. The large and varied number of techniques employed for this purpose is therefore not surprising. The selection of a suitable assay is dependent on factors such as the level of sensitivity required, the presence of interfering agents, and the composition of the protein itself. Here, protocols for the most commonly used protein determination methodologies are outlined, as well as for the more recently adapted technique of quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction. | ['Absorption', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calibration', 'Cattle', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proteins', 'Quinolines', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Staining and Labeling'] | 20,978,969 | [['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.978.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
An extracytoplasmic function sigma factor-dependent periplasmic glutathione peroxidase is involved in oxidative stress response of Shewanella oneidensis. | BACKGROUND: Bacteria use alternative sigma factors (ós) to regulate condition-specific gene expression for survival and Shewanella harbors multiple ECF (extracytoplasmic function) ó genes and cognate anti-sigma factor genes. Here we comparatively analyzed two of the rpoE-like operons in the strain MR-1: rpoE-rseA-rseB-rseC and rpoE2-chrR.RESULTS: RpoE was important for bacterial growth at low and high temperatures, in the minimal medium, and high salinity. The degP/htrA orthologue, required for growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at high temperature, is absent in Shewanella, while the degQ gene is RpoE-regulated and is required for bacterial growth at high temperature. RpoE2 was essential for the optimal growth in oxidative stress conditions because the rpoE2 mutant was sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and paraquat. The operon encoding a ferrochelatase paralogue (HemH2) and a periplasmic glutathione peroxidase (PgpD) was identified as RpoE2-dependent. PgpD exhibited higher activities and played a more important role in the oxidative stress responses than the cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase CgpD under tested conditions. The rpoE2-chrR operon and the identified regulon genes, including pgpD and hemH2, are coincidently absent in several psychrophilic and/or deep-sea Shewanella strains.CONCLUSION: In S. oneidensis MR-1, the RpoE-dependent degQ gene is required for optimal growth under high temperature. The rpoE2 and RpoE2-dependent pgpD gene encoding a periplasmic glutathione peroxidase are involved in oxidative stress responses. But rpoE2 is not required for bacterial growth at low temperature and it even affected bacterial growth under salt stress, indicating that there is a tradeoff between the salt resistance and RpoE2-mediated oxidative stress responses. | ['Culture Media', 'Gene Deletion', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Paraquat', 'Periplasmic Proteins', 'Salinity', 'Shewanella', 'Sigma Factor', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Temperature'] | 25,887,418 | [['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D03.383.725.762.621'], ['D12.776.090.650', 'D12.776.097.577', 'D12.776.765.537'], ['G02.640.500'], ['B03.440.450.690', 'B03.660.250.021.755'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['G07.775'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Controlled steroid delivery via bioabsorbable stent: safety and performance in a rabbit model. | BACKGROUND: Middle turbinate lateralization, adhesions, and inflammation are causes of suboptimal sinus patency following surgery. A bioabsorbable drug-eluting stent has been developed to maintain sinus patency while providing controlled steroid delivery to the sinus mucosa. The aim of this study was to characterize the in vivo drug delivery efficacy and tolerance of this stent in a rabbit model.METHODS: Bioabsorbable stents coated with mometasone furoate were placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinuses of 31 rabbits via dorsal maxillary sinusotomy. Animals were sacrificed between 5 days and 18 weeks postoperatively. Efficacy was assessed by measuring tissue concentrations of steroid in maxillary sinus and nasal mucosa and by measurement of plasma steroid concentrations. Tolerance was assessed by histological evaluation of the sinus mucosa at different time points.RESULTS: Therapeutic mucosal drug concentrations were attained in a time-dependent fashion (range 175-28,189 ng/g). Plasma drug concentrations were generally near or below the lower limit of quantification (15 pg/mL). Histopathological examination of the mucosa showed no differences in the reaction to steroid-coated stents versus nondrug-coated control stents, with inflammation, epithelial ulceration, and bony reaction ranging from none to mild at all time points. Microscopic fungal hyphae were noted in a small proportion of both treatment and control sinuses, without evidence of associated adverse tissue reaction.CONCLUSIONS: In a rabbit model, mometasone-coated bioabsorbable stents are able to provide local steroid delivery with negligible systemic absorption. Corticosteroid-eluting stents may prove useful following endoscopic sinus surgery in maintaining sinus patency and reducing inflammation. | ['Absorbable Implants', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Endoscopy', 'Infusion Pumps, Implantable', 'Models, Animal', 'Mometasone Furoate', 'Mycoses', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Paranasal Sinuses', 'Pregnadienediols', 'Prosthesis-Related Infections', 'Rabbits', 'Tissue Extracts'] | 19,958,608 | [['E07.695.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E07.505.254', 'E07.858.082.505.254'], ['E05.598'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.526'], ['C01.150.703'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['A04.531.621'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719'], ['C01.685', 'C23.550.767.868'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D20.777']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Submitogenic concentrations of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody exert antiapoptotic effects in preactivated CD4+ but not CD8+ human T cells. | Immunological memory has been ascribed to the presence of long-lived memory cells. The mechanisms underlying their generation are not completely understood, but dependence on antigen persistence has been discussed in this regard. However, in spite of in vivo evidence favoring this model, studies on TCR/CD3 stimulation of T cell lines or unseparated peripheral blood T cell in vitro have failed to demonstrate prolonged survival of preactivated cells. We have examined the dose-dependent effect of TCR/CD3 engagement mimicked by immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. To this end, well-defined populations of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphoblasts isolated from bulk cultures of preactivated PBMCs by flow sorting were examined. These cells were restimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 in the presence or absence of various costimulatory factors, and were analyzed for their viability state, as well as their apoptotic and proliferative behavior. We have shown that inhibition of apoptosis following CD3 stimulation occurs at submitogenic concentrations, while activation-driven apoptosis requires high-density TCR/CD3 activation. Prevention of apoptosis by submitogenic CD3 stimulation was, however, observed only when CD4+ but not when CD8+ cells were investigated, and was not readily influenced by other costimulatory factors present in cultures. This observation points to the importance of antigen persistence in regulating survival of memory CD4+ but not CD8+ cells. | ['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Apoptosis', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Kinetics', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell'] | 9,384,680 | [['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.800', 'D23.050.301.264.894.095.800', 'D23.101.100.894.095.800']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Glycyrrhizin inhibits influenza A virus uptake into the cell. | We investigated the mechanism by which glycyrrhizin (GL), the main active component of licorice roots, protects cells from infection with influenza A virus (IAV). We found that GL treatment leads to a clear reduction in the number of IAV-infected human lung cells as well as a reduction in the CCID50 titer by 90%. The antiviral effect, however, was limited to one or two virus replication cycles. Analysis of different GL treatment protocols suggested that the antiviral effect of GL was limited to an early step in the virus replication cycle. A direct inhibitory action of GL on IAV particles could be excluded and GL did not interact with virus receptor binding either. The antiviral effect of GL was abolished by treatment 1h after virus infection, whereas pre-treatment and treatment during and after virus adsorption led to a reduction in the cytopathic effect, reduced viral RNA within the cells and in the cell supernatants, and reduced viral hemagglutination titers. Detailed virus uptake analyses unambiguously demonstrated reduced virus uptake in various GL-treated cells. These observations lead to the conclusion, that the antiviral activity of GL is mediated by an interaction with the cell membrane which most likely results in reduced endocytotic activity and hence reduced virus uptake. These insights might help in the design of structurally related compounds leading to potent anti-influenza therapeutics. | ['Antiviral Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Glycyrrhiza', 'Glycyrrhizic Acid', 'Humans', 'Influenza A virus', 'Virus Internalization'] | 19,416,738 | [['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.300'], ['D02.455.849.919.530.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['G06.920.881']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Motor asymmetries in preterm infants: effects of prematurity and illness. | Two types of motor asymmetry, postural asymmetry and lateral head turning, were assessed in 3 groups of preterm infants, one of which had experienced respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the postnatal period. Results reveal that maintenance of a right postural asymmetry is present as early as 34 weeks conceptional age and is not disrupted by postnatal illness. Lateral head turning after midline placement was evident as early as 36 weeks conceptional age but was disrupted by physiologic condition. Infants who had experienced RDS had poor muscle tonus and did not assume the head right position even at 39 weeks conceptional age. These data argue that lateral responding may be affected by illness and that studies of preterm populations must evaluate postnatal medical condition when assessing both the short- and long-term outcomes of lateral asymmetries. | ['Age Factors', 'Child Development', 'Functional Laterality', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Movement', 'Posture', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn'] | 7,054,013 | [['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.695'], ['C08.381.840.500', 'C08.618.840.500', 'C16.614.521.563']] | ['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
[The Yale-Brown Scale: instrument for assessing the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorders]. | The paper presents characteristics and evaluation of the Yale-Brown Scale, its clinical value in assessing severity of obsessive compulsive disorders. The Yale-Brown Scale is a semistructured interview. The scale consists of 10 items, rated from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (extreme symptoms). There are separate ratings for severity of obsessions and compulsions. The assessment of items is based on the patient's report and the clinician's observations gained during the interview. The studies indicate that the Yale-Brown Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing severity of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. This instrument is sensitive enough to changes in symptoms severity; thus, it permits to analyse the efficacy of treatment of OCD. The fact that the total score is not determined by the type of obsessive compulsive symptoms, permits to compare the symptoms severity in patients with different types of obsessions and compulsions and it is suitable to assess the efficacy of treatment of different types of obsessive compulsive disorder. | ['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Severity of Illness Index'] | 9,594,585 | [['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.600'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']] | ['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Improve the organ recovery system. | Following the revised 1987 AGA, at least to the extent of correct interaction with donor families, can reduce organ waiting times to nominal within a decade, and could save about $360 million per year. Fear of lawsuits is no excuse for not implementing the revised AGA guidelines. Following the 1987 AGA revision in its entirety is non-controversial and its improvements are easy to implement. Several other system improvements which could also help were suggested. To optimize the system, the concept of 'intestate as to organs' should be implemented. It has precedent and is ethical. Compensation for burial expenses is not recommended. | ['Guideline Adherence', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Public Opinion', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement'] | 12,108,994 | [['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['N02.421.911']] | ['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
A circularly permuted myoglobin possesses a folded structure and ligand binding similar to those of the wild-type protein but with a reduced thermodynamic stability. | A circular permutein of sperm whale myoglobin in which the G helix is C-terminal, the H helix is N-terminal, and 16 amino acids link the H helix to the A helix has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The permutein sequence begins with Gly121 (using the numbering scheme for the wild-type protein) and terminates with Pro120. The ligand binding function of the permutein was assayed using stopped-flow methods and shown to be essentially identical to that of the wild-type protein. In addition, one- and two-dimensional NMR studies of the cyanomet isoform of the permutein show a nativelike structure with a heme binding pocket very similar to that of the wild-type myoglobin. Although the structure and function of the permutein resemble those of the wild-type myoglobin, the permutein is less stable to chemical denaturation by 5.2 kcal/mol. | ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Escherichia coli', 'Ligands', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myoglobin', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Protein Engineering', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Thermodynamics', 'Urea', 'Whales'] | 12,403,634 | [['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G01.906'], ['D02.065.950'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.875.865']] | ['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Genomewide identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 promoters controlled by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. | The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to parasitize tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana depends on genes activated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. To support various functional genomic analyses of DC3000, and specifically, to identify genes involved in pathogenesis, we developed a draft sequence of DC3000 and used an iterative process involving computational and gene expression techniques to identify virulence-implicated genes downstream of HrpL-responsive promoters. Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) promoters are known to control genes encoding the Hrp (type III protein secretion) machinery and a few type III effector proteins in DC3000. This process involved (i) identification of 9 new virulence-implicated genes in the Hrp regulon by miniTn5gus mutagenesis, (ii) development of a hidden Markov model (HMM) trained with known and transposon-identified Hrp promoter sequences, (iii) HMM identification of promoters upstream of 12 additional virulence-implicated genes, and (iv) microarray and RNA blot analyses of the HrpL-dependent expression of a representative subset of these DC3000 genes. We found that the Hrp regulon encodes candidates for 4 additional type III secretion machinery accessory factors, homologs of the effector proteins HopPsyA, AvrPpiB1 (2 copies), AvrPpiC2, AvrPphD (2 copies), AvrPphE, AvrPphF, and AvrXv3, and genes associated with the production or metabolism of virulence factors unrelated to the Hrp type III secretion system, including syringomycin synthetase (SyrE), N(epsilon)-(indole-3-acetyl)-l-lysine synthetase (IaaL), and a subsidiary regulon controlling coronatine production. Additional candidate effector genes, hopPtoA2, hopPtoB2, and an avrRps4 homolog, were preceded by Hrp promoter-like sequences, but these had HMM expectation values of relatively low significance and were not detectably activated by HrpL. | ['Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Markov Chains', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Pseudomonas', 'RNA', 'Sigma Factor', 'Virulence'] | 11,854,524 | [['D12.776.097'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['G06.930']] | ['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]'] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Standardized test mixture for the characterization of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography columns: the Phillips mix. | A novel column characterization test mixture is developed for use in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC). This mixture has been named the "Phillips mix" in honor of the late professor John B. Phillips, the father of GC x GC. The mixture comprises a series of homologous compounds from structural groups that cover a volatility and polarity range that is similar to the Grob mix, and includes saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes), carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes), primary alcohols, fatty acid methyl esters, alkyl ethers, carboxylic acids, aromatics, as well as other unique functional groups (such as amines, etc.). Similarly to the Grob mix in conventional one-dimensional GC, the Phillips mix can be used as a standardized test for performance characterization of GC x GC column sets. Unlike the Grob mix, however, the Phillips mix's most important use is as a practical guideline for column users. This paper addresses some qualitative aspects of the use of the Phillips mix through an investigation of the chromatographic fingerprints of two different GC x GC column combinations. | ['Chromatography, Gas'] | 14,650,620 | [['E05.196.181.349']] | ['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The effect of swimming on bone modeling and composition in young adult rats. | The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptability of long bones of young adult rats to the stress of chronic aquatic exercise. Twenty-eight female Sabra rats (12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to two groups and treatments: exercise (14 rats) and sedentary control (14 rats) matched for age and weight. Exercised animals were trained to swim in a water bath (35 degrees +/- 1 degree C, 1 hour daily 5 times a week) for 12 weeks loaded with lead weights on their tails (2% of their body weight) (BW). At the end of the training period following blood sampling for alkaline phosphatase, all rats were sacrificed and the humeri and tibiae bones were removed for the following measurements: bone morphometry, bone water compartmentalization, bone density (BD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone ions content (Ca, Pi, Mg, Zn). The results indicate that exercise did not significantly affect the animals' body weight, bone volume, or length and diameters. However, bone hydration properties, BD, bone mass, and mineralization revealed significant differences between swim-trained rats and controls (P less than 0.05). Longitudinal (R1) measurement was higher by 43% for both humerus and tibia, and Transverse (R2) relaxation rates of hydrogen proton were higher by 117 and 76% for humerus and tibia, respectively; fraction of bound water was higher by 36 and 46% for humerus and tibia, respectively. BD, bone weight, and ash were higher by 13%. BMC and bone ions content were higher by 10%, and alkaline phosphatase was higher by 67%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | ['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Development', 'Bone and Bones', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Minerals', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats', 'Swimming'] | 2,224,593 | [['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G11.427.100'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['D01.578'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]'] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Alteration of anomeric preference of glucose-induced insulin secretion by glyceraldehyde. | Glucokinase activity in pancreatic islets was dose-dependently inactivated by D-glyceraldehyde, whereas islet hexokinase activity was not altered. In untreated islets, alpha-D-glucose stimulated insulin secretion more efficiently than beta-D-glucose at a glucose concentration of 10 mM. However, glyceraldehyde highly attenuated the insulin-secretory response of pancreatic islets to alpha-D-glucose compared with that to beta-D-glucose. Thus, there was apparently no anomeric preference of glucose-induced insulin secretion in glyceraldehyde-treated islets. Glyceraldehyde affected neither the alpha-preference of glucose phosphorylation by glucokinase nor the beta-preference of glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase. Our study suggests that defective discrimination of glucose anomers by glyceraldehyde-treated islets may be caused by inactivation of glucokinase. | ['Animals', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Glucokinase', 'Glucose', 'Glyceraldehyde', 'Hexokinase', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Isomerism', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar'] | 8,412,503 | [['B01.050'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.250'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.047.587', 'D09.947.875.894.449'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.300'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']] | ['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]'] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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