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Abnormal degree centrality in neurologically asymptomatic patients with end-stage renal disease: A resting-state fMRI study.
|
OBJECTIVE: End-stage renal disease (ESRD), characterized by multi-organ dysfunction, has been shown to co-occur with abnormal brain function. Previous resting-state fMRI studies suggested that regional brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity within the default mode network are abnormal in ESRD patients. The current study aimed to depict intrinsic dysconnectivity pattern of whole-brain functional networks in voxel level in neurologically asymptomatic patients with ESRD.METHODS: fMRI datasets were acquired from 22 ESRD patients (without clinical neurological disease) and 29 healthy control (HC) subjects. We investigated the degree centrality for a given element in a network to reveal the changes of functional connectivity throughout the huge human functional network. In the brain regions showing a difference between the HC and ESRD groups, we further conducted receptive operation characteristic (ROC) analyses to confirm the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of our results.RESULTS: ESRD patients showed decreased functional connectivity in the left inferior parietal and left precuneus within the brain network; both regions are important components of the default-mode network (DMN). In contrast, patients showed increased connectivity in depression-related regions including bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. These regions showed an acceptable accuracy (0.68-0.75), sensitivity (0.64-0.70) and high specificity (0.82-0.96) in distinguishing between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal abnormal intrinsic dysconnectivity pattern of whole-brain functional networks in ESRD patients.SIGNIFICANCE: Our results could lead to a better understanding of the intrinsic dysconnectivity patterns of default-mode network-related regions in ESRD patients from the whole brain network perspective.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asymptomatic Diseases', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Net', 'Rest', 'Young Adult']
| 26,160,274
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.187'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.511'], ['I03.450.769.647'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Neural correlates of ankle movements during different motor tasks: A feasibility study.
|
This ongoing study investigates the neural correlates of ankle dorsi-plantar flexion in active, passive, and proprioceptive tasks. Specifically, we investigated two proprioceptive matching tasks that required a simple combination of active and passive ankle movements: (1) a memory-based ipsilateral matching task and (2) a contralateral concurrent matching task. As expected, during the passive tasks, subjects recruited the same brain areas involved in the correspondent active movements (primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PM) supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1)), but the activations were lower. Instead, in both the proprioceptive matching tasks, subjects recruited more motor and sensory-motor areas of the brain and the activations were greater.
|
['Adult', 'Ankle', 'Ankle Joint', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Motor Cortex', 'Movement', 'Radiography', 'Young Adult']
| 26,737,338
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.610.050'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lack of efficacy of moclobemide or imipramine in the treatment of recurrent brief depression: results from an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment study.
|
'Recurrent brief depression' (RBD) is a common, distressing and impairing depressive disorder for which there is no current proven pharmacological or psychological treatment. This multicentre, randomized, fixed-dose, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of the reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase moclobemide (450 mg/day) and the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (150 mg/day) evaluated the potential efficacy of active medication, when compared with placebo, in patients with recurrent brief depression, recruited in the mid-1990s. After a 2-4-week single-blind placebo run-in period, a total of 35 patients were randomized to receive double-blind medication for 4 months, but only 16 completed the active treatment period. An intention-to-treat analysis of the 34 evaluable patients found no evidence for the efficacy of moclobemide or imipramine, when compared with placebo, in significantly reducing the severity, duration or frequency of depressive episodes. A total of 28 patients experienced at least one adverse event, and four patients engaged in nonfatal self-harm. Limitations of the study include the small sample size and the high rate of participant withdrawal. The lack of efficacy of these antidepressant drugs and the previous finding of the lack of efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine together indicate that medications other than antidepressant drugs should be investigated as potential treatments for what remains a common, distressing and potentially hazardous condition.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imipramine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Moclobemide', 'Recurrence', 'Young Adult']
| 24,859,491
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.300.240.485'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.065.277.600', 'D02.241.223.100.100.600', 'D02.241.223.100.200.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.600', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.875'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Verbal working memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives: findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia.
|
Working memory (WM) impairment is a promising candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia that could facilitate the identification of susceptibility genes for this disorder. The validity of this putative endophenotype was assessed by determining whether 149 probands with schizophrenia and 337 of their first-degree relatives demonstrated WM impairment as compared to 190 unaffected community comparison subjects. Subjects were participants in the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) project, a seven-site research network that was established to investigate the genetic architecture of endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Participants received comprehensive clinical assessments and completed two verbal WM tasks, one requiring transient on-line storage and another requiring maintenance plus complex manipulation of information by reordering the stimuli. Schizophrenia probands performed worse than the other groups on both tasks, with larger deficits found for the more challenging reordering WM task. The probands' relatives performed more poorly than community comparison subjects on both tasks, but the difference was significant only for the more challenging maintenance plus complex manipulation WM task. This WM impairment was not attributable to diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, mood disorders, or substance use disorders in the relatives. In conjunction with evidence that WM abilities are substantially heritable, the current results support the validity and usefulness of verbal WM impairments in manipulation of information as endophenotypes for schizophrenia in large-scale genetic linkage and association studies.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Phenotype', 'Psychometrics', 'Reference Values', 'Schizophrenia', 'Serial Learning', 'Verbal Learning']
| 18,406,578
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G05.695'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.978.810'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F02.463.425.952.747'], ['F02.463.425.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ceramide increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in Jurkat T cells by liberation of calcium from intracellular stores and activation of a store-operated calcium channel.
|
The effect of ceramide on the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) varies depending on the cell type. We have found that in Jurkat human T cells ceramide increases the [Ca2+]i from a thapsigargin-sensitive calcium pool and the subsequent activation of a capacitative Ca2+ entry. This effect occurs both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium. Addition of ceramine, a non-hydrolysable analogue of ceramide, reproduced its effect on the [Ca2+]i ruling out that this is due to the conversion of ceramide to sphingosine. The effect of ceramide was additive to that obtained by sphingosine, but not to the Jurkat T cells specific antibody OKT3. However, different to the latter, ceramide do not induced an elevation of InsP3. The opening of a store operated Ca2+ channel by ceramide was corroborated by experiments of Fura-2 quenching, using Mn2+ as a surrogate for Ca2+ and confirmed by whole-cell recording patch clamp techniques.
|
['Calcium', 'Calcium Channels', 'Cell Membrane', 'Ceramides', 'Cytoplasm', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Lymphocytes', 'Magnesium', 'Manganese', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sphingolipids', 'Sphingosine', 'Thapsigargin', 'Time Factors']
| 15,797,246
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.065.313', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200', 'D10.390.470.675.200', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D02.033.800.519.400.350', 'D09.853.519.400.350', 'D09.894.480.350'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D10.570.877'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Flow cytometric measurement of ploidy and proliferation in effusions of ovarian carcinoma and their possible prognostic significance.
|
The cellular DNA pattern of ascites and pleural effusions from 81 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma was prospectively studied by means of flow cytometric DNA analysis. The degree of ploidy and the proportion of S-phase values were correlated to histological differentiation, to status, and to the development of disease. According to DNA indices, the cell populations distributed in the diploid to peridiploid and in the tri-to tetraploid range. Aneuploidy was more frequently associated with poor degree of differentiation, with progressive disease, and with higher proportion of cells in S phase. Thus, although patients with stable disease had a significantly larger proportion of tumors with diploid DNA content, all except four patients were dead within a median survival period of 12 months. No correlation was observed between total survival period and ploidy; however a significantly shorter survival time was noted in patients whose ascites comprised cell populations with S-phase values exceeding 15%.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Division', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Interphase', 'Menopause', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Pleural Effusion', 'Ploidies', 'Prognosis']
| 2,807,018
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A12.207.119'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.144.500'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C08.528.652'], ['G05.700'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Multiple phytoplasmas associated with potato diseases in Mexico.
|
In recent years, the potato crop in Mexico has been notably affected by diseases recognized as potato purple top (PPT) in foliage and potato hair sprouts (PHS) in germinating tubers. In both cases, these syndromes reduce production by affecting viability of the tubers used as seeds. There is evidence indicating that phytoplasmas are associated with these syndromes. This study presents data on the molecular detection, characterization, and ecology of the pathogens related to PPT and PHS. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis indicated that PPT phytoplasma belongs to the 16SrI group and PHS phytoplasma fits in the 16SrII group. In this paper, we report that the two different phytoplasmas have been found coexisting in the same potato plant, which demonstrates the presence of mixed infection in the field. These phytoplasmas were also detected in weeds surrounding potato fields; therefore they should be considered as alternative hosts or natural reservoirs of PPT and PHS phytoplasmas.
|
['Acholeplasmataceae', 'Base Sequence', 'Mexico', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Tubers', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Solanum tuberosum']
| 12,619,818
|
[['B03.440.860.074'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.400.625'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Rapid improvement in post-infectious gastroparesis symptoms with mirtazapine.
|
We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with severe post-infectious gastroparesis who was transferred from an outside medical facility for a second opinion regarding management. This patient had no prior history of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in the aftermath of a viral illness, she developed two months of intractable nausea, vomiting, and oral intake intolerance that resulted in numerous hospitalizations for dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. A solid-phase gastric emptying scan had confirmed delayed emptying, confirming gastroparesis. Unfortunately, conventional pro-kinetic agents and numerous anti-emetic drugs provided little or no relief of the patient's symptoms. At our institution, the patient experienced a cessation of vomiting, reported a significant reduction in nausea, and tolerated oral intake shortly after taking mirtazapine. Based on mirtazapine's primary action as a serotonin (5-HT) 1a receptor agonist, we infer that this receptor system mediated the clinical improvement through a combination of peripheral and central neural mechanisms. This report highlights the potential utility of 5-HT1a agonists in the management of nausea and vomiting. We conclude that mirtazapine may be effective in treating symptoms associated with non-diabetic gastroparesis that are refractory to conventional therapies.
|
['Abdominal Pain', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Adult', 'Antiemetics', 'Female', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Gastroparesis', 'Humans', 'Mianserin', 'Mirtazapine', 'Nausea', 'Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Virus Diseases', 'Vomiting']
| 24,914,393
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.030', 'D27.505.954.427.095', 'D27.505.954.483.200'], ['G10.261.360.400'], ['C06.405.748.543', 'C23.888.592.636.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.300.240.550'], ['D03.633.300.240.588'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850.100', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850.100'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.925'], ['C23.888.821.937']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of continuous blood purification on P38MAPK signaling pathway in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome treated with continuous blood purification.METHODS: Blood samples were obtained to analyze the protein level of inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-á) and phosphorylated p38MAPK by utilizing ELISA assay and Western blotting, respectively. The relative mRNA level of iNOS was detected by using RT-PCR. In vitro study was conducted in Caco-2 cells, which were treated with serum from patients subjected to continuous blood purification. Serum-induced inflammatory factors and phosphorylated p38MAPK were also analyzed in Caco-2 cells.RESULTS: The protein levels of IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-á were significantly decreased in Caco-2 cells treated with serum obtained from patients who were subjected to continuous blood purification therapy at the time course of 12 and 24 hours. A drastic decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the level of IL-8 and TNF-á after continuous blood purification therapy in the patients treated with continuous blood purification therapy compared with control group.CONCLUSION: Our study conducted in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that the continuous blood purification therapy could ameliorate the inflammatory response via activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
|
['Adult', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Hemodiafiltration', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II']
| 30,950,538
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E02.870.300.200', 'E02.912.800.200', 'E04.292.471.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Modeling electrostatic interactions of baculovirus vectors for ion-exchange process development.
|
Product-related impurities constitute a major burden in the production of recombinant viral vectors for gene therapy and vaccination; it impairs not only the biological efficacy of the preparation but the process yield/productivity. Recombinant baculovirus was used as an enveloped virus model to address this issue. Given that ion-exchange chromatography is a process of choice for purification of viral vectors, the analysis of the electrostatic behavior can be instrumental for the improvement of impurity removal. The main species, product (infective virus particle) and product-derived impurities (dsDNA-, glycoprotein-, and envelope-deprived baculovirus particles), were isolated and correspondent zeta potentials were analyzed through dynamic light scattering. A model of the virus based on the viral components critical for biological function is proposed. The contribution of these viral components to the overall particle electrostatic interaction energy profile (calculated between the particle and a putative ion-exchange surface) was assessed as a function of ionic strength and pH. This resulted in a deterministic tool capable of distinguishing the electrostatic properties of the infective virus particle from the major virus-related impurities. Within an ion-exchange bind-elute process, this knowledge helps narrow the optimization space in early stage process development for viral vectors by predicting the best selectivity conditions.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Drug Contamination', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Models, Biological', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Spodoptera', 'Static Electricity', 'Thermodynamics', 'Virion']
| 20,444,457
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['N06.850.360'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.700'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G01.906'], ['A21.249']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of an iron-sulfur flavoprotein from Methanosarcina thermophila.
|
A gene (isf) encoding an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (Isf) from Methanosarcina thermophila was cloned and sequenced. The gene was located directly upstream of the genes (pta and ack) encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase and is transcribed in the opposite direction. The amino acid sequence deduced from isf contained a cluster of cysteine residues reminiscent of proteins that accommodate either a [4Fe-4S] or [3Fe-4S] center. The protein was heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. The 29-kDa subunit molecular mass of heterologously produced Isf (determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) corresponded to the molecular mass of 30,451 Da calculated from the amino acid composition deduced from isf. Gel filtration estimated a molecular mass of 65 kDa for the native Isf indicating an alpha2 homodimer. The UV-visible absorption spectrum was characteristic of iron-sulfur flavoproteins with maxima at 484, 452, 430, 378, and 280 nm. Analyses identified 2 FMN, 7-8 non-heme iron atoms, and 6-7 acid-labile sulfur atoms per alpha2 homodimer. Comparisons of the deduced Isf sequence with sequences in available protein data bases suggested Isf is a novel iron-sulfur flavoprotein. Western blot analysis indicated the presence of Isf in extracts of acetate-grown M. thermophila. Ferredoxin stimulated the CO-dependant reduction of Isf by the CO dehydrogenase middle dotacetyl-CoA synthase complex that suggested ferredoxin is a physiological electron donor to Isf.
|
['Archaeal Proteins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Electron Transport', 'Flavodoxin', 'Flavoproteins', 'Genes', 'Iron-Sulfur Proteins', 'Methanosarcina', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 8,798,638
|
[['D12.776.090'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['D12.776.097.400', 'D12.776.331.400'], ['D12.776.331'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.157.427.374.375', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375'], ['B02.200.765.550.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Olodaterol shows anti-fibrotic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary fibrosis.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease characterized by excessive fibroblast activation ultimately leading to scarring of the lungs. Although, the activation of â2 -adrenoceptors (â2 -AR) has been shown to inhibit pro-fibrotic events primarily in cell lines, the role of â2 -adrenoceptor agonists has not yet been fully characterized. The aim of our study was to explore the anti-fibrotic activity of the long-acting â2 -adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF) and in murine models of pulmonary fibrosis.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We assessed the activity of olodaterol to inhibit various pro-fibrotic mechanisms, induced by different pro-fibrotic mediators, in primary HLF from control donors and patients with IPF (IPF-LF). The in vivo anti-fibrotic activity of olodaterol, given once daily by inhalation in either a preventive or therapeutic treatment regimen, was explored in murine models of lung fibrosis induced by either bleomycin or the overexpression of TGF-â1.KEY RESULTS: In both HLF and IPF-LF, olodaterol attenuated TGF-â-induced expression of á-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and endothelin-1 (ET-1), FGF- and PDGF-induced motility and proliferation and TGF-â/ET-1-induced contraction. In vivo olodaterol significantly attenuated the bleomycin-induced increase in lung weight, reduced bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and inhibited release of pro-fibrotic mediators (TGF-?, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1). Forced vital capacity was increased only with the preventive treatment regimen. In the TGF-â-overexpressing model, olodaterol additionally reduced the Col3A1 mRNA expression.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Olodaterol showed anti-fibrotic properties in primary HLF from control and IPF patients and in murine models of lung fibrosis.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Animals', 'Benzoxazines', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Collagen Type III', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 28,810,065
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.533.249', 'D03.633.100.209'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.300', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.765.500'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Hypertension and the heart].
|
Within the latest ten years research in left ventricular hypertrophy as cardiac target organ damage has uncovered its prognostic importance, and studies indicate that treatment with angiotensin II receptor blockade is most effective in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, reduction of left ventricular mass is associated with substantial and significant reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is strongly associated with increased risk of subsequent heart failure. Meta analysis data suggests that reduction in blood pressure is also associated with very substantial reductions in incident heart failure. In addition, the authors suggest that atrial fibrillation should be considered target organ damage with the resulting implications in terms of blood pressure reduction in guidelines, and that modern treatment of atrial fibrillation should also include reduction of traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as blood pressure reduction for blood pressures exceeding 130/185 mmHg. Reductions which should be achieved using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers in order to improve the hemodynamic status of the patient.
|
['Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Heart Diseases', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Losartan', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors']
| 19,671,394
|
[['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C14'], ['C14.280'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
High-resolution 3D volumetric contrast-enhanced MR angiography with a blood pool agent (ferumoxytol) for diagnostic evaluation of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations.
|
OBJECTIVE Patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) often require repeat imaging with MRI or MR angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The ideal imaging modality provides excellent vascular visualization without incurring added risks, such as radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA using a high-resolution 3D volumetric sequence (fe-SPGR) for visualizing and grading pediatric brain AVMs in comparison with CTA and DSA, which is the current imaging gold standard. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 21 patients with AVMs evaluated by fe-SPGR, CTA, and DSA between April 2014 and August 2017 were included. Two experienced raters graded AVMs using Spetzler-Martin criteria on all imaging studies. Lesion conspicuity (LC) and diagnostic confidence (DC) were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, and interrater agreement was determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to assess the raters' grades and scores of LC and DC, with subsequent post hoc pairwise comparisons to assess for statistically significant differences between pairs of groups at p < 0.05. RESULTS Assigned Spetzler-Martin grades for AVMs on DSA, fe-SPGR, and CTA were not significantly different (p = 0.991). LC and DC scores were higher with fe-SPGR than with CTA (p < 0.05). A significant difference in LC scores was found between CTA and fe-SPGR (p < 0.001) and CTA and DSA (p < 0.001) but not between fe-SPGR and DSA (p = 0.146). A significant difference in DC scores was found among DSA, fe-SPGR, and CTA (p < 0.001) and between all pairs of the groups (p < 0.05). Interrater agreement was good to very good for all image groups (ê = 0.77-1.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fe-SPGR performed robustly in the diagnostic evaluation of brain AVMs, with improved visual depiction of AVMs compared with CTA and comparable Spetzler-Martin grading relative to CTA and DSA.
|
['Adolescent', 'Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contrast Media', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Ferrosoferric Oxide', 'Hematinics', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 29,882,734
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D01.490.100.375', 'D01.490.200.350', 'D01.578.285'], ['D27.505.954.502.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['C10.228.140.300.520', 'C10.500.190.500', 'C14.240.850.750.295', 'C14.240.850.875.500', 'C14.907.150.295', 'C14.907.253.560.400', 'C16.131.240.850.750.295', 'C16.131.240.850.875.500', 'C16.131.666.190.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in endoscopic and FDG-PET/CT ((18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography) imaging.
|
Gastrointestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is a rare lymphoproliferative state. In children, it is associated with familial immunodeficiency disease but most cases have no obvious etiology. In adults, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is associated with immunocompromised status, including chemotherapy, acquired immunodeficiency viral infection, organ transplantation, and multiple polypoid lesions are noted in endoscopic findings and sometimes may be confused with family polypoid syndrome. We present a child with histological proof of focal intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia that had a complete image study including negative results of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography analysis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Endoscopy', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Intestines', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals']
| 23,768,704
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in rat heart failure caused by coronary ligation.
|
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (beta ARK1) participates in the desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors by uncoupling the signal transduction. The present study was designed to examine whether neurohumoral increase is crucial for the activation of beta ARK1 in heart failure. Four weeks after the ligation of rat coronary artery, LV dP/d t max was reduced, cardiac response to isoproterenol was impaired, and ratio of right ventricular weight to body weight, an index of cardiac hypertrophy, was increased. At the same time, beta ARK1 expression and activity were augmented in the hypertrophied hearts. In addition, plasma norepinephrine content was enhanced in accordance with cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac beta ARK1 expression, LV dP/d t max, and LVEDP. These results of the present study suggest that beta ARK1 is augmented in concert with circulating norepinephrine level and that beta ARK1 may account for, at least in part, the cardiac dysfunction in rat with myocardial infarction.
|
['Animals', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Heart Failure', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Norepinephrine', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases']
| 10,371,700
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['C14.280.434'], ['E04.426'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049', 'D12.644.360.293.249', 'D12.776.476.293.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pattern of pseudoexfoliation deposits on the lens and their clinical correlation--clinical study and review of literature.
|
PURPOSE: To study the clinical correlates of pattern of deposits over the lens in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.METHODS: This retrospective observational study screened 346 patients with PXF seen in glaucoma clinic of a tertiary hospital from 2011-2013. Details like pattern of deposits, location on the lens surface and pupillary abnormalities in slit lamp photographs and their correlation with clinical and demographic variables, were analysed.RESULTS: A total of 84 eyes of 42 patients with bilateral PXF were included for the study. Glaucoma was seen in 30 eyes with baseline IOP of 24+3.8 mm Hg. Comparing the type of deposits, namely classical (n = 39 eyes), radial pigmentary (RP) form (n = 39 eyes) and combined classical and radial pigmentary (CR) forms (n = 6 eyes) of deposits, pupillary ruff atrophy was common in all forms while poor dilatation was rare in the RP type (n = 5 vs n = 25 in classical forms, p < 0.001). Mean deviation (MD) was worse in the classical and CR form as compared to RP type with the latter presenting much earlier, 43 ± 3.2 years vs 48 ± 4.1 years in CR and 56 ± 5.7 years in classical form, p < 0.001. The baseline IOP in the RP group (18 ± 2.3 mm Hg) was significantly lower than the other two forms (CR 20 ± 3.2 mm Hg, classical 28 ± 2.3 mm Hg), p < 0.001, with only 2 eyes on anti-glaucoma drugs at presentation.CONCLUSION: Pattern of exfoliation deposits may indicate the stage and severity of the disease process in evolution with the RP representing an earlier/less severe form of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
|
['Aged', 'Exfoliation Syndrome', 'Eye', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Iris', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retinal Pigments', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 25,478,872
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C11.941.375.285'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['A09.371.060.450', 'A09.371.894.513'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D23.767.930'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Helicobacter pylori infection is strongly associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers in a large prospective study.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD), but there are limited longitudinal data on the associations between infection and incident gastric or duodenal ulcers.METHODS: Information on potential risk factors, lifetime history of PUD, and serologic measurements of H pylori infection were obtained from a German cohort of 9953 adults, 50 to 74 years old at baseline (2000-2002). The incidence of ulcers was determined by questionnaires sent to study participants and general practitioners 2 and 5 years later, and was validated by medical records.RESULTS: A lifetime history of PUD was reported by 1030 participants, and during the follow-up period 48 had a first gastric and 22 had a first duodenal ulcer. Infection with H pylori strains that express cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) was significantly associated with a lifetime history of PUD (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-2.04). Based on longitudinal analyses with physician-validated end points, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident gastric and duodenal ulcer disease were 2.9 (95% CI, 1.5-5.5) and 18.4 (95% CI, 4.2-79.9), respectively, among patients infected with cagA-positive strains of H pylori.CONCLUSIONS: In cross-sectional analysis, infection with cagA-positive strains of H pylori was associated with a 1.75-fold increased risk of peptic ulcer disease. Longitudinal analyses revealed an 18.4- and 2.9-fold increased risk for duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer, respectively. The proportion of PUD that is attributable to H pylori infection might be larger than previously believed.
|
['Aged', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 22,230,167
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Referred pain from intraneural stimulation of muscle fascicles in the median nerve.
|
Microelectrode recordings were obtained from 118 cutaneous and 26 muscle fascicles in the intact median nerves of healthy human subjects. The exploring electrodes were also used for painful electrical stimulation of the identified fascicles. Cutaneous pain was accurately projected to fields within the median innervation territory. Deep pain was projected to muscles innervated by the median nerve, but in 7 experiments it was also segmentally referred to muscles in the ipsilateral upper arm, axilla or chest. Reaction time measurements indicated that referred pain was conveyed by afferent group III fibres from muscle, but did not exclude a possible contribution by group IV fibres. Referred pain was influenced by temporal and spatial summation of the afferent inflow. The magnitude of referred pain was positively correlated to the stimulation frequency of deep nociceptive fibres. The results from this study on experimentally induced pain confirm clinical observations of proximal referral of pain in patients with median nerve entrapment, and prompt consideration of possible involvement of nerve fascicles supplying deep structures in the forearm or hand in the differential diagnosis of pain in the chest and upper arm.
|
['Adult', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Median Nerve', 'Microelectrodes', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscles', 'Nociceptors', 'Pain', 'Reaction Time', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Skin']
| 6,709,382
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.800.720.050.500'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['A08.675.650.915.875', 'A08.800.950.875', 'A11.671.650.915.875'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Differential distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum network as visualized by the BipA-EGFP fusion protein in hyphal compartments across the septum of the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus oryzae.
|
We visualized the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network by expression of the BipA-EGFP fusion protein in the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus oryzae, and focused on the spatial difference of the ER distribution throughout hyphae. The ER formed an interconnected network with motility and displayed a gradient distribution from the apical region. The ER was also found as a tubular network along the septum, which was formed soon after the completion of septation. Discontinuity of the ER network distribution was noticed between the adjacent compartments across the septum, suggesting that the cellular activities in these compartments were independently regulated although they are considered to communicate with each other through the septal pore. Moreover, the ER-visualized strain was subjected to a hypotonic shock, leading to hyphal tip bursting where the Woronin body plugs septal pores and prevents excessive loss of the cytoplasm. In the compartment adjacent to the burst apical tip, the ER network structure and motility were still retained. We also observed re-growth of hyphae from the plugged septa forming intrahyphal hyphae in which the ER network distribution, specialized for apical growth, was regenerated.
|
['Aspergillus oryzae', 'Cell Division', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hyphae', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 16,759,887
|
[['B01.300.381.081.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D12.776.354'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['A19.687.400'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A review of non-operative treatment of splenic trauma.
|
From January 1984 to June 1992, a period of 8.5 years, 60 patients with splenic trauma were treated in Lacor Hospital. the spleen trauma was managed conservatively in 47 (78%) of the patients. Of these, 36 of the patients (60%) were not operated upon. Eleven (18%) were operated upon but nine (15%) patients had exploratory laparotomy only without spleen manipulation and in two (3%) splenic repair was performed. Thirteen (22%) patients had splenectomy. In the non-operative group, recurrent or rebleeding was detected in one patient (2%) and delayed bleeding occurred in five patients (8%). Overall mortality rate was five (8%); two (3%) occurring in splenic salvage and three (5%) in splenectomized patients. It is concluded that with availability of facilities and personnel, in selected cases of blunt splenic trauma, splenic conservation is safe but requires close monitoring.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spleen', 'Splenectomy', 'Uganda', 'Ultrasonography']
| 7,660,479
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['E04.726'], ['Z01.058.290.120.880'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Betulinic acid attenuates renal fibrosis in rat chronic kidney disease model.
|
BACKGROUND: Most chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), regardless of the nature of the initial injury, progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) characterized by fibrosis with irreversible loss of tissue and function. Thus, improved and more effective therapies are critical. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene is a compound in the pipeline of anti-cancer drug development. It has been shown to a possess variety of beneficial effects in many disease conditions. However, its efficacy against CKD is yet to be explored.OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of BA on renal fibrosis in the rat model of adenine-induced CKD.RESULTS: CKD rats gained significantly less weight during the experimental period when compared to control rats and BA treatment did not significantly increase the weight gain in CKD rats. CKD rats showed elevated levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and uric acid along with increased levels of kidney injury markers such as cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Further, in comparison to control rats, kidney samples from CKD rats revealed increased profibrotic protein levels like transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-â), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, collagen type I and hydroxyproline indicating a progressive fibrotic response. These data are further fortified by histological findings where kidney damage and fibrosis are clearly evident as dilatation of tubules, glomerular degeneration and vacuolation along with deposition of collagen fibers. However, the above-mentioned findings in CKD rats were significantly reversed by BA-treatment revealing its nephroprotective potential and anti-fibrotic activity.CONCLUSION: The biochemical mechanism of the nephroprotective and anti-fibrotic effect of BA in the adenine-induced CKD rats might be mediated by inhibition of pro-fibrotic protein production thereby hindering the kidney tissue damage along with improvement in kidney function. Thus, BA could be an adjunct agent to retard fibrosis in CKD subjects.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Fibrosis', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Kidney', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organ Size', 'Pentacyclic Triterpenes', 'Rats', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Triterpenes']
| 28,273,641
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C23.550.355'], ['G05.308'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D02.455.849.919.530'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficient enhancement of ozonation performance via ZVZ immobilized g-C3
|
A functional organic-metal composite material zero-valent zinc immobilized graphitic carbon nitride (ZVZ-g-C3N4) was prepared by a fast and facile two-step synthetic approach with an optimal ZVZ content of 5.4 wt%. The structure, surface morphology and chemical composition of the as-synthesized ZVZ-g-C3N4 were characterized by BET surface area, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and XPS, respectively. ZVZ-g-C3N4 composite exhibited superior catalytic ozonation activity with an improvement of 61.2% on atrazine (ATZ) degradation efficiency in 1.5 min reaction, more than 12 times of the pseudo-first-order rate constant, and almost 16-fold of the Rct value obtained in O3/ZVZ-g-C3N4 process compared to O3 alone. Meanwhile, the ATZ degradation efficiency was gradually enhanced with increasing ZVZ-g-C3N4 dosage and initial solution pH in the range from 3.0 to 9.0, and a higher amount of ATZ was degraded when the initial concentration of ATZ rose from 1 to 10 mg L-1. The enhanced catalytic ozonation activity of ZVZ-g-C3N4 is attributed to the synergistic effects among ZVZ, ZnO and g-C3N4, as well as the improved dispersibility, increased surface area, and intensive electron-transfer ascribed to the electronic and surface properties modification. The radical scavengers experiments demonstrated that O2-, OH, and 1O2 were the dominant reactive radical species in the multifunctional processes. Moreover, an empirical kinetic model was proposed to predict ATZ degradation. The results indicated that the ZVZ-g-C3N4 composite was a highly efficient, recoverable, and durable catalyst, which would provide a promising alternative in catalytic ozonation.
|
['Catalysis', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Graphite', 'Kinetics', 'Nitriles', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Ozone', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Surface Properties', 'Zinc']
| 29,704,844
|
[['G02.130'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.626'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Channel specificity and secondary structure of the glucose-inducible porins of Pseudomonas spp.
|
The OprB porin-mediated glucose transport system was investigated in Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Kinetic studies of [U-14C]glucose uptake revealed an inducible system of low Km values (0.3-5 microM) and high specificity for glucose. OprB homologs were purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. The porin function and channel preference for glucose were demonstrated by liposome swelling assays. Examination of the periplasmic glucose-binding protein (GBP) components by Western immunoblotting using P. aeruginosa GBP-specific antiserum revealed some homology between P. aeruginosa GBP and periplasmic proteins from P. fluorescens and P. chlororaphis but not B. cepacia. Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry of purified OprB-like porins from the three species revealed beta sheet contents of 31-50% in agreement with 40% beta sheet content for the P. aeruginosa OprB porin. These findings suggest that the high-affinity glucose transport system is primarily specific for glucose and well conserved in the genus Pseudomonas although its outer membrane component may differ in channel architecture and specificity for other carbohydrates.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Burkholderia cepacia', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Diffusion', 'Glucose', 'Periplasm', 'Porins', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Pseudomonas', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens']
| 9,733,092
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['B03.660.075.090.688.100.110.500'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A11.284.295.680'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.325', 'B03.660.250.580.590.210']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of effector cells with anti-Candida activity obtained from murine bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of rhG-CSF: comparison between normal and CY-treated mice.
|
Bone marrow cells (BMC) obtained from normal and cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice were cultured in the presence of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and their effector cell activities inhibiting growth of C. albicans were examined. When BMC from CY-treated mice were preincubated with 0.05 ng/ml of rhG-CSF, effector cells with enhanced anti-C. albicans activity were recovered in the adherent cell population, whereas anti-C. albicans activity of BMC from normal mice was found in the non-adherent cell population. During culture without the presence of rhG-CSF, nonadherent BMC, seemingly granulocytes, from normal mice showed apoptotic change, but addition of rhGCSF clearly inhibited this change. On the other hand, when BMC from CY-treated mice were cultured with rhG-CSF, adherent cells as the main effector had the appearance of monocytes. These differences between the effectors with anti-C. albicans activity obtained from normal and CY-treated mice are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Candida albicans', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Female', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Monocytes', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 16,172,536
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Augmented Association Between Blood Pressure and Proteinuria in Hyperuricemic Patients With Nonnephrotic Chronic Kidney Disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia (HU) may enhance susceptibility to hypertensive renal damage via disrupted autoregulation of glomerular hemodynamics. The effect of HU on the association between blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria remains unknown in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).METHODS: In total, 109 patients with nonnephrotic CKD (55 men and 54 females) who underwent renal biopsy were recruited. Arteriolar hyalinosis was semiquantitatively assessed via arteriole grading. Correlation between BP and urine protein (UP) level was examined based on the presence of HU, which was defined as the use of urate-lowering drugs or serum uric acid levels of ?7 and ?5 mg/dl in males and females, respectively, which were associated with increased risks of hyalinosis in our previous study.RESULTS: Median age, BP, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and UP level were 38 years, 124/74 mm Hg, 82 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 0.8 g/gCr, respectively. In patients with HU (n = 59), log-transformed systolic BP (SBP) was significantly correlated with log-transformed UP level (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001); this was not observed in patients without HU (n = 50). Multiple regression analysis (R2 = 0.21, P = 0.0001) revealed that the interaction between HU and log-transformed SBP with respect to proteinuria was significantly correlated with log-transformed UP level (â = 7.0, P = 0.03), independent of age, sex, and potential confounding factors; however, this statistical significance was completely eliminated after adjustment for the arteriolar hyalinosis index.CONCLUSIONS: HU potentiates susceptibility to hypertensive glomerular damage via disrupted autoregulation in patients with nonnephrotic CKD.
|
['Adult', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Gout Suppressants', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hyperuricemia', 'Japan', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Proteinuria', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Risk Factors', 'Uric Acid', 'Young Adult']
| 28,927,237
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['D27.505.954.329.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C23.550.449'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['A05.810.453'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cytoplasmic expression of mature glycylglycine endopeptidase lysostaphin with an amino terminal hexa-histidine in a soluble and catalytically active form in Escherichia coli.
|
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major problem in the world, causing hospital acquired infections and the infections/pathogenesis in community. Lysostaphin is a novel therapeutic molecule to kill the multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Mature lysostaphin is a single polypeptide (approximately 27 kDa) chain metalloprotease glycylglycine endopeptidase, capable of specifically hydrolyzing penta-glycine crosslinks present in the peptidoglycan of the S. aureus cell wall. The mature lysostaphin gene of Staphylococcus simulans has been cloned and overexpressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli with amino terminal hexa-histidine as a fusion partner under the transcriptional control of bacteriophage T7 phi 10 promoter/lac operator and ribosome binding site. The transformed E. coli BL21 (lambdaDE3) cells produced catalytically active soluble (His)6-lysostaphin fusion protein in the cytoplasm representing approximately 20% of the total cellular proteins. The fusion protein was purified to homogeneity using a single chromatographic step of IMAC on Ni-NTA agarose. The present cloning, expression, and purification procedure of recombinant lysostaphin from a non-pathogenic organism E. coli enables preparation of large quantity of r-lysostaphin for structure function studies and evaluation of its clinical potential in therapy and prophylaxis of staphylococcal infections.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Catalysis', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytoplasm', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Histidine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lysostaphin', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phylogeny', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Solubility', 'Staphylococcus', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 16,181,789
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G02.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.452', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.452'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.805'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Experiences from an international tele-epilepsy collaboration.
|
OBJECTIVE: Our main objective was to use videoconferencing as a primary means to: a) assist in launching an epilepsy surgery program in Pakistan; 2) participate in case conferences on complex epilepsy patients in each country.METHODS: Extensive testing using both point to point and bridged integrated service digital network (ISDN) and internet protocol (IP) connections was carried out using bandwidths of 384-768 kilobits per second (kbps). Videoconferences between sites were arranged two to three weeks in advance and connections were tested a day prior to the scheduled conference. Sharing of PowerPoint presentations, neuroimaging and video-EEG was available to all sites. Discussions centered on patients with medically refractory epilepsy.RESULTS: Between July 2006 and June 2008, 17 sessions were booked. Five of these conferences bridged in specialists from West Virginia University. Most successful connections occurred using IP point to point calls or a bridge connecting end points through IP at 512 kbps. We conducted three surgeries for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in Pakistan. At follow-up in January 2009, two patients have been seizure free and one had two breakthrough seizures after sudden unsupervised discontinuation of Levetiracetam.CONCLUSION: Our international tele-epilepsy collaboration has proven feasible and valuable to all participants. Our experience suggests considerable thought and preparation are needed before a teleconference to ensure its success. We provide a recipe to set-up similar telemedicine collaborations. Considerations include time zone differences, equipment type, interoperability between endpoints, connection capabilities, bandwidth availability, and backup plans for unsuccessful connections. Telemedicine can facilitate epilepsy care around the world, identifying with the concept of a "Global Health Village".
|
['Adult', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pakistan', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Videoconferencing', 'Young Adult']
| 19,831,126
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['L01.178.847.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Tuberculosis in patients with malignant neoplasms].
|
Out of 810 patients autopsied at our institute between 1972 and 1985, tuberculosis was demonstrated in 12 (1.5%), all between 40 and 80 years of age, regardless of cancer type. Of 4,272 patients who underwent surgery for malignant neoplasms, 481 were examined for M. tuberculosis by culture in different specimens. All of eight positive cases were with sputum or bronchial mucus specimens, regardless of the site of primary cancer. Tuberculosis complicating malignant thymoma or Hodgkin's disease was found to be generalized and severe. Remarkable growth of elongated bacteria was observed in host macrophages in these immunodeficient patients, suggesting their altered intracellular environment. These findings warrant special attention to tuberculosis in hospital care of cancer patients, who are often immunodeficient.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Neoplasms', 'Tuberculosis', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 3,086,596
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['C04'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transient cholestatic hepatitis in a neonate associated with carbamazepine exposure during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
|
We report a 3-week-old boy with cholestatic hepatitis, most likely due to carbamazepine exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Cholestasis resolved after cessation of nursing. Liver function test results and histological findings were compatible with a drug-induced hepatitis. Other causes were excluded. While carbamazepine-induced hepatitis is well known in children and adults, it has never been described in association with prenatal exposure and/or breast-feeding.
|
['Breast Feeding', 'Carbamazepine', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Jaundice, Neonatal', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects']
| 2,279,511
|
[['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614.451.500', 'C23.550.429.249.500'], ['A03.620'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C13.703.824.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The utilization of an estrogen assay system in obstetric practice.
|
Subsequent to reviewing 626 perinatal deaths in relation to estrogen assay, 1500 consecutive pregnancies were analyzed in detail in regard to utilization of urinary estrogen assays. 2710 assays were performed on 456 cases. The perinatal mortality rate in this high-risk group was 8.8 per 1000 compared with the overall hospital rate of 15.1. Estrogen assays give efficient aid to pregnancy management economically; ways in which their contribution could be improved are suggested.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Humans', 'Placental Insufficiency', 'Pregnancy']
| 6,781,944
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.590.800'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Postreceptor signalling of growth hormone and prolactin and their effects in the differentiated insulin-secreting cell line, INS-1.
|
Signal transduction of two mitogens for pancreatic beta-cells, GH and PRL, was investigated using the differentiated insulin-secreting cell line, INS-1. Addition of human GH (hGH) or ovine PRL in a serum-substitute medium increased growth, insulin content, and nutrient metabolism evaluated by tetrazolium salt reduction. hGH, bovine GH (bGH), and PRL also stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner (1 pM - 1 nM). hGH induced cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) rises, which were transient, dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, blocked by verapamil, calciseptine, and the hyperpolarizing agent diazoxide, suggesting that hGH stimulates Ca(2+)-influx through L-type Ca(2+)-channels. Similar effects on [Ca2+]i were observed with bGH or PRL. hGH caused membrane depolarization in a small proportion of the cells ( < 25%) as detected by cell-attached patch-clamp analysis. However, hGH failed to stimulate acute insulin secretion. hGH, bGH, and PRL promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase. Verapamil inhibited neither [3H]thymidine incorporation nor JAK2 phosphorylation stimulated by hGH, whereas a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lavendustin A, blocked the mitogenic effect. Involvement of cAMP is suggested because Rp-cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphorothioate, a competitive inhibitor of protein kinase A, abolished hGH-induced [Ca2+]i rises and DNA synthesis. cAMP appears to play a permissive role, although hGH failed to raise cellular cAMP levels. These results support the idea that activation of JAK2 is a major signaling event, whereas the [CA2+]i rise is not a prerequisite, for the mitogenic effects of GH and PRL in insulin-secreting cells.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cattle', 'Cell Line', 'Culture Media', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'DNA', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Janus Kinase 2', 'Phenols', 'Phosphotyrosine', 'Prolactin', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Sheep', 'Signal Transduction']
| 8,612,523
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.200', 'D12.776.476.393.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.117'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.750', 'D12.125.740.740'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Toxoplasma gondii phosphoinositide phospholipase C (TgPI-PLC) with high affinity for phosphatidylinositol.
|
The Toxoplasma gondii phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gene (TgPI-PLC) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli and its enzymatic characteristics were investigated. TgPI-PLC is present in the genome as a single-copy gene consisting of 22 exons interrupted by 21 introns, and encodes a polypeptide of 1097 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 121 kDa. In addition to the conserved catalytic X and Y domains, TgPI-PLC contains an apparent N-terminal PH domain, an EF hand motif and a C-terminal C2 domain. When compared with mammalian delta-type PI-PLC, TgPI-PLC has an additional extended N-terminus and two insertions in the region between the X and Y domains, with a 31-35% identity over the whole sequence. Recombinant TgPI-PLC, as well as the native enzyme obtained from crude membrane extracts of the parasite, was more active with phosphatidylinositol than with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as substrate. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis using an affinity-purified antibody against TgPI-PLC revealed that this enzyme localizes in the plasma membrane of the parasites.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Magnesium', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C', 'Protein Transport', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Temperature', 'Toxoplasma']
| 16,288,600
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['G05.308'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.500', 'D08.811.520.650.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.562', 'D12.644.360.571', 'D12.776.476.556'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
PMI40, an intron-containing gene required for early steps in yeast mannosylation.
|
We have previously described a temperature-sensitive pmi40-1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is defective in glycosylation and secretion because of a thermolabile phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) activity. Inactivation of PMI at the restrictive temperature of 37 degrees C prevents synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions and results in cell death. Here, we report the isolation of the PMI40 gene by complementation of the corresponding mutation. The PMI40 gene contains an efficiently spliced intron which differs from the majority of those so far identified in S. cerevisiae in that it is short and the branch-forming structure has an AACTAAC motif replacing the highly conserved consensus TACTAAC. The 48.2-kDa protein predicted to be encoded by PMI40 contains amino acid sequences corresponding to those of internal peptides derived from purified S. cerevisiae PMI. Deletion of the PMI40 coding sequence results in a strain requiring D-mannose for growth. The PMI40 gene is located on chromosome V, and its transcription is increased 12-fold when cells are grown on D-mannose as sole carbon source instead of D-glucose. PMI enzyme activity, however, is not increased in D-mannose-grown cells, and PMI protein levels remain constant, suggesting that the PMI40 gene is subject to additional levels of regulation.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Fungal', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Glycosylation', 'Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose', 'Introns', 'Mannose', 'Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,377,774
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.187.360', 'A19.311', 'G05.360.162.360'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D02.455.849.690.700.700.250', 'D09.894.680.700.250', 'D10.390.700.700.250'], ['G05.308.330'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340.350.500', 'D09.408.620.569.400.500', 'D13.695.667.454.340.350.500', 'D13.695.827.426.340.350.500', 'D13.695.827.708.400.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['D08.811.399.475.200.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exposure to ayahuasca induces developmental and behavioral alterations on early life stages of zebrafish.
|
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive concoction prepared from the plants Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis which are used ancestrally by Amazonian Indian populations and more recently, by Christian religious groups in Brazil and other countries. The aims of the present study were to identify the effects of ayahuasca on zebrafish embryo development and neurobehavior. Toxicity and developmental endpoints for zebrafish embryos were assessed from 0 to 1000 mg/L over 96 h of exposure. The effects on locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae were assessed using a video tracking system (ZebraBox) from 0 to 20 mg/L and after 120 and 144 h of exposure. The LC50 of ayahuasca in zebrafish was determined as 236.3 mg/L. Ayahuasca exposure caused significant developmental anomalies in zebrafish embryos, mainly at the highest concentration tested, including hatching delay, loss of equilibrium, edema and the accumulation of red blood cells. Embryo behavior was also significantly affected, with decreased locomotor activity at the highest concentration tested. These results are in accordance with data obtained in mammal studies highlighting the possible risks of uncontrolled use of ayahuasca. Further research employing more specific behavior analysis could provide additional data on both therapeutic benefits and possible toxicological risk of ayahuasca.
|
['Animals', 'Banisteriopsis', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Erythrocytes', 'Larva', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Locomotion', 'Plant Extracts', 'Zebrafish']
| 30,086,270
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.690.099'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exogenous FABP4 increases breast cancer cell proliferation and activates the expression of fatty acid transport proteins.
|
Adipose tissue plays an important role in tumor progression, because it provides nutrients and adipokines to proliferating cells. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a key adipokine for fatty acid transport. In metabolic pathologies, plasma levels of FABP4 are increased. However, the role of this circulating protein is unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 might have a role in tumor progression, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. In this study, we analysed the role of eFABP4 (exogenous FABP4) in breast cancer progression. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells did not express substantial levels of FABP4 protein, but intracellular FABP4 levels increased after eFABP4 incubation. Moreover, eFABP4 enhanced the proliferation of these breast cancer cells but did not have any effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Additionally, eFABP4 induced the AKT and MAPK signaling cascades in breast cancer cells, and the inhibition of these pathways reduced the eFBAP4-mediated cell proliferation. Interestingly, eFABP4 treatment in MCF-7 cells increased levels of the transcription factor FoxM1 and the fatty acid transport proteins CD36 and FABP5. In summary, we showed that eFABP4 plays a key role in tumor proliferation and activates the expression of fatty acid transport proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Progression', 'Fatty Acid Transport Proteins', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Signal Transduction']
| 27,061,264
|
[['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D12.776.157.530.300', 'D12.776.543.585.300'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Encephalitogenic T lymphocytes develop from SJL/J hematopoietic cells transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.
|
Previously, we constructed chimeras by injecting hematopoietic cells from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-susceptible SJL (H-2s) strain mice into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) C.B-17scid/scid (H-2d) mice. These SCID mouse-SJL mouse hematopoietic cell chimeras developed passive EAE following adoptive transfer of PLP S139-151-specific SJL T lymphocyte line cells, but were resistant to active EAE induced by primary immunization with PLP S139-151. In order to gain an understanding of the encephalitogenic potential of transplanted hematopoietic progenitors in SCID mouse-SJL mouse chimeras, we attempted to induce EAE in hematopoietic chimeras constructed with or without an additional SJL fetal thymus implant. Chimeras with the thymus implant were susceptible to passive and active EAE while chimeras without the thymus implant were susceptible to passive but not active EAE. Encephalitogenic, CD4+, TCR+ T lymphocytes were selected in vitro from PLP S139-151-immunized, thymus-implanted chimeras. These results showed that hematopoietic SJL progenitors developed into antigen-presenting accessory cells and immunocompetent encephalitogenic T lymphocytes following transplantation into SCID mice. The development of primary immune reactivity depended on a fetal thymus implant for expression in SCID mouse-SJL mouse chimeras.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Chimera', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Myelin Proteolipid Protein', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 7,535,789
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B05.200'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050.400', 'E05.478.550.520.050.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['D10.570.780.500', 'D12.776.543.620.580', 'D12.776.631.580.580', 'D12.776.816.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electron microscopic study of Bacillus subtilis protoplast fusion.
|
When protoplasts derived from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis were fused by exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and fixed immediately thereafter, protoplasts with two enclosed prespores could be seen by electron microscope. The number of fusion events was greatly increased, and multiply fused protoplasts appeared, when the PEG-treated suspension was diluted in hypertonic broth and reincubated before fixation. This post-PEG incubation effect is taken to indicate a fusion mechanism of two steps: a short, PEG-dependent step of membrane activation, followed by a slow, metabolism-requiring step completing fusion. When prespore-bearing protoplasts from two genetically different strains were mixed and fused, the extent of fusion could also be followed by counting clones of recombinant bacteria. Maximal from the start, their number (1% of each parent type protoplast present) was unaffected by post-PEG incubation. Fusion in this case is apparently completed after plating on the wall-regeneration medium. After optimal post-PEG incubation, the majority of the protoplasts were seen to participate in fusion, and the cytological fusion observed, corrected for wall-regeneration frequency, accounted quantitatively for the prototrophic bacteria eventually recovered. These results are in good agreement with those obtained independently by Sanchez-Rivas and Garro (J. Bacteriol. 137:1340--1345, 1979).
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Protoplasts', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Spores, Bacterial']
| 108,247
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Homonuclear internuclear double resonance spectroscopy as a basis for determination of amino acid conformation.
|
INDOR (Internuclear Double Resonance) spectroscopy is shown to be superior to conventional (spectra obtained not by sweeping, but by maintaining constant the decoupling frequency) nuclear single- or double-resonance techniques for conformational studies of amino acids and amino acid residues in the following ways: (a) INDOR spectra of amino acids are inherently simpler than conventional proton magnetic resonance spectra of amino acids, and INDOR spectra of individual amino acid residues are slightly, if at all, complicated by overlap with either solvent peaks or the transitions of nuclei in other residues. (b) For each amino acid, the side-chain and C(alpha) proton belong to a particular class of spin system characterized by unique INDOR spectra, the pattern of which aids in the proper assignment of spectral lines. (c) For an amino acid with a first-order spin system, INDOR spectra directly reveal hidden chemical shifts and coupling constants. For an amino acid with a spin system other than first-order, INDOR spectra indirectly reveal values for chemical shifts and coupling constants as follows: INDOR spectra permit construction of a topological spin energy level diagram which, in turn, allows division of the PMR spectrum of the spin system into subspectra that easily yield values for chemical shifts and coupling constants. Although we only report INDOR spectra of free amino acids or amino acid derivatives that resemble amino acid residues in polypeptides, we, in effect, demonstrate a novel method to obtain total polypeptide conformation based on INDOR spectroscopy, inasmuch as the total conformation is the sum of the individual residue conformations.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Methods', 'Phenylalanine', 'Protein Conformation', 'Threonine', 'Valine']
| 4,504,338
|
[['D12.125'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.581'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.125.142.815', 'D12.125.154.900'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Regulation of ceruloplasmin activity in oncogynecological diseases].
|
Serum ceruloplasmih (CP) and anti-CP antibody levels were studied by the oxidase method in 18 healthy women and in 86 women with gynecological tumors. The results demonstrate that: 1) Serum CP concentrations increased in endometrial and ovarian cancer, in benign ovarian tumors and to a lesser extent in mioma of uterus. 2) Serum CP antibodies were found out in both benign tumors and cancer cases. 3) There was positive linear correlation between serum levels of CP and anti-CP-antibodies in endometrial and ovarian cancers, and in benign ovarian tumors.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Ceruloplasmin', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leiomyoma', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 12,506,616
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['D08.811.682.226', 'D12.776.124.050.130', 'D12.776.124.790.106.214', 'D12.776.157.160', 'D12.776.377.715.085.214', 'D12.776.556.151'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mental visualization of objects from cross-sectional images.
|
We extended the classic anorthoscopic viewing procedure to test a model of visualization of 3D structures from 2D cross-sections. Four experiments were conducted to examine key processes described in the model, localizing cross-sections within a common frame of reference and spatiotemporal integration of cross sections into a hierarchical object representation. Participants used a hand-held device to reveal a hidden object as a sequence of cross-sectional images. The process of localization was manipulated by contrasting two displays, in situ vs. ex situ, which differed in whether cross sections were presented at their source locations or displaced to a remote screen. The process of integration was manipulated by varying the structural complexity of target objects and their components. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated visualization of 2D and 3D line-segment objects and verified predictions about display and complexity effects. In Experiments 3 and 4, the visualized forms were familiar letters and numbers. Errors and orientation effects showed that displacing cross-sectional images to a remote display (ex situ viewing) impeded the ability to determine spatial relationships among pattern components, a failure of integration at the object level.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Space Perception', 'Transducers', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 22,217,386
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['E07.305.812'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of community-directed treatment on soil transmitted helminth infections in children aged 12 to 59 months in Mazabuka District, Zambia.
|
This study assessed the impact of adding community-directed treatment (ComDT) to the routine health facility (HF)-based treatment on prevalence and intensity of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections among children aged 12 to 59 months. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted among randomly selected children of this age group from the intervention area (HF+ComDT area) and the comparison area (HF area) at baseline (n=986), 12 months (n=796) and 18 months (n=788) follow-up. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly higher in the HF+ComDT as compared to the HF area at baseline (P=0·048), but not at 12 and 18 months follow-up. At baseline the HF+ComDT area had significantly higher intensities of A. lumbricoides compared to the HF area (P<0·001), but not at 12 and 18 months follow-ups. Prevalence and intensity of hookworm did not differ significantly between treatment arms at any time. Analysis of trends showed a significant decrease in prevalence of A. lumbricoides and hookworm in the HF+ComDT area (P<0·001), of hookworm in the HF area (P<0·05), but not of A. lumbricoides in the HF area. It is concluded that the ComDT approach generally enhanced the treatment effect among under-five year children and that this alternative approach may also have advantages in other geographical settings.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Ancylostomatoidea', 'Animals', 'Anthelmintics', 'Ascariasis', 'Ascaris lumbricoides', 'Child Welfare', 'Child, Preschool', 'Community Health Services', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Collection', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hookworm Infections', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Mebendazole', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Prevalence', 'Soil', 'Zambia']
| 21,320,386
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.100.070'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.108.425'], ['I01.880.787.293'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N02.421.143'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.775.455'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D02.241.081.251.415', 'D03.633.100.103.600'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['Z01.058.290.175.920']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Assessing the spatial nonstationarity in relationship between local patterns of HIV infections and the covariates in South Africa: A geographically weighted regression analysis.
|
Beyond the structural drivers such as distance from the road, rural/urban divide or demographic profiles, not much is known about the spatial relationship between HIV and social covariates. Spatial relations between social covariates and HIV infection of persons above 15 years were explored and mapped using geographically weighted regression model using data from a national HIV household survey conducted in 2008 and comprising 23 369 individuals from approximately 1000 enumeration areas that were randomly selected from the national census. The maps show spatial non-stationarity in relationship between local patterns of HIV prevalence and the social covariates across South Africa. The high prevalence districts have very homogeneous population defined by the following characteristics: Black origin, unfavorable sex ratio (high proportion of females), low socioeconomic status, being single or low marriage rates, multiple sexual partners and intergenerational sex. Markedly, intergenerational sex compounds the risk of acquiring HIV infection for females in poor districts. Identification of key social drivers of HIV and how they vary from location to location can help to effectively guide and focus intervention programs to areas of particular need.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Geographic Mapping', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Intergenerational Relations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Rural Population', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'South Africa', 'Spatial Regression', 'Urban Population']
| 26,919,758
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.389', 'E05.318.740.933.249', 'N05.715.360.750.746.249', 'N06.850.520.830.933.249'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.110', 'F01.829.401.190'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.600.725'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['E05.318.740.750.862', 'E05.318.740.933.375', 'N05.715.360.750.695.825', 'N05.715.360.750.746.375', 'N06.850.520.830.750.862', 'N06.850.520.830.933.375'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[A Mirror Image of a Tiny Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm that Ruptured].
|
Distal anterior cerebral artery(DACA)aneurysms have a low incidence. Particularly, DACA mirror aneurysms are extremely rare, although DACA multiple aneurysms are not rare. Generally, it is said that tiny aneurysms have a low risk of rupture. However, we sometimes encounter cases of ruptured tiny aneurysm. We describe a rare case of a mirror image of DACA ruptured tiny aneurysm. A tiny aneurysm can rupture if the aneurysmal wall is fragile. Detection of the aneurysm may often be difficult with a single modality, even if the modality is digital subtraction angiography. Moreover, the distribution of subarachnoid hemorrhage may not be typical. It might be important to capture a slight change of aneurysm in follow-up imaging to detect a ruptured aneurysm over multiple iterations of imaging.
|
['Aneurysm, Ruptured', 'Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Anterior Cerebral Artery', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']
| 30,369,492
|
[['C14.907.055.185'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['A07.015.114.228.100'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
99mTc-d,l-HMPAO and SPECT of the brain in normal aging.
|
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-d,l-HMPAO) was used to determine global and regional CBF in 53 healthy subjects aged 21-83 years. For the whole group, global CBF normalized to the cerebellum was 86.4% +/- 8.4 (SD). The contribution of age, sex, and atrophy to variations in global CBF was studied using stepwise multiple regression analysis. There was a significant negative correlation of global CBF with subjective ratings of cortical atrophy, but not with ratings of ventricular size, Evans ratio, sex, or age. In a subgroup of 33 subjects, in whom volumetric measurements of atrophy were performed, cortical atrophy was the only significant determinant for global CBF, accounting for 27% of its variance. Mean global CBF as measured with the 133Xe inhalation technique and SPECT was 54 +/- 9 ml/100 g/min and did not correlate significantly with age. There was a preferential decline of CBF in the frontal cortex with advancing age. The side-to-side asymmetry of several regions of interest increased with age. A method was described for estimation of subcortical CBF, which decreased with advancing cortical atrophy. The relative area of the subcortical low-flow region increased with age. These results are useful in distinguishing the effects of age and simple atrophy from disease effects, when the 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO method is used.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Atrophy', 'Brain', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organotechnetium Compounds', 'Oximes', 'Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon', 'Xenon Radioisotopes']
| 2,016,360
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.691.825'], ['D02.092.570.665'], ['D02.092.570.665.810', 'D02.691.825.562'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800'], ['D01.268.613.900.500.700', 'D01.362.641.918.500.700', 'D01.496.749.945', 'D01.496.920.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Isolated P/Q Calcium Channel Deletion in Layer VI Corticothalamic Neurons Generates Absence Epilepsy.
|
UNLABELLED: Generalized spike-wave seizures involving abnormal synchronization of cortical and underlying thalamic circuitry represent a major category of childhood epilepsy. Inborn errors of Cacna1a, the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel á subunit gene, expressed throughout the brain destabilize corticothalamic rhythmicity and produce this phenotype. To determine the minimal cellular lesion required for this network disturbance, we used neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1) cre-driver mice to ablate floxed Cacna1a in layer VI pyramidal neurons, which supply the sole descending cortical synaptic input to thalamocortical relay cells and reticular interneurons and activate intrathalamic circuits. Targeted Cacna1a ablation in layer VI cells resulted in mice that display a robust spontaneous spike-wave absence seizure phenotype accompanied by behavioral arrest and inhibited by ethosuximide. To verify the selectivity of the molecular lesion, we determined that P/Q subunit proteins were reduced in corticothalamic relay neuron terminal zones, and confirmed that P/Q-mediated glutamate release was reduced at these synapses. Spike-triggered exocytosis was preserved by N-type calcium channel rescue, demonstrating that evoked release at layer VI terminals relies on both P/Q and N-type channels. Whereas intrinsic excitability of the P/Q channel depleted layer VI neurons was unaltered, T-type calcium currents in the postsynaptic thalamic relay and reticular cells were dramatically elevated, favoring rebound bursting and seizure generation. We find that an early P/Q-type release defect, limited to synapses of a single cell-type within the thalamocortical circuit, is sufficient to remodel synchronized firing behavior and produce a stable generalized epilepsy phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study dissects a critical component of the corticothalamic circuit in spike-wave epilepsy and identifies the developmental importance of P/Q-type calcium channel-mediated presynaptic glutamate release at layer VI pyramidal neuron terminals. Genetic ablation of Cacna1a in layer VI neurons produced synchronous spike-wave discharges in the cortex and thalamus that were inhibited by ethosuximide. These mice also displayed N-type calcium channel compensation at descending thalamic synapses, and consistent with other spike-wave models increased low-threshold T-type calcium currents within postsynaptic thalamic relay and reticular neurons. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that preventing the developmental homeostatic switch from loose to tightly coupled synaptic release at a single class of deep layer cortical excitatory output neurons results in generalized spike-wave epilepsy.
|
['Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Calcium Channels, N-Type', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Epilepsy, Absence', 'Ethosuximide', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Female', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Motor Disorders', 'Mutation', 'Neurons', 'Reaction Time', 'Receptors, Neurotensin', 'Thalamus', 'Visual Cortex']
| 26,758,833
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.585', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.585', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.585'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.260', 'C10.228.140.490.493.125'], ['D02.478.770.333', 'D03.383.773.812.852.333'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['D12.776.532'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['F03.608'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.560', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.560'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A coupled subsample displacement estimation method for ultrasound-based strain elastography.
|
Obtaining accurate displacement estimates along both axial (parallel to the acoustic beam) and lateral (perpendicular to the beam) directions is an important task for several clinical applications such as shear strain imaging, modulus reconstruction and temperature imaging, where a full description of the two or three-dimensional (2D/3D) deformation field is required. In this study we propose an improved speckle tracking algorithm where axial and lateral motion estimations are simultaneously performed to enhance motion tracking accuracy. More specifically, using conventional ultrasound echo data, this algorithm first finds an iso-contour in the vicinity of the peak correlation between two segments of the pre- and post-deformation ultrasound radiofrequency echo data. The algorithm then attempts to find the center of the iso-contour of the correlation function that corresponds to the unknown (sub-sample) motion vector between these two segments of echo data. This algorithm has been tested using computer-simulated data, studies with a tissue-mimicking phantom, and in vivo breast lesion data. Computer simulation results show that the method improves the accuracy of both lateral and axial tracking. Such improvements are more significant when the deformation is small or along the lateral direction. Results from the tissue-mimicking phantom study are consistent with findings observed in computer simulations. Using in vivo breast lesion data we found that, compared to the 2D quadratic subsample displacement estimation methods, higher quality axial strain and shear strain images (e.g. 18.6% improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio for shear strain images) can be obtained for large deformations (up to 5% frame-to-frame and 15% local strains) in a multi-compression technique. Our initial results demonstrated that this conceptually and computationally simple method could improve the image quality of ultrasound-based strain elastography with current clinical equipment.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Mammography', 'Motion', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Ultrasonography, Mammary']
| 26,458,219
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E01.370.350.850.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['G01.482'], ['E07.671'], ['G01.374.835'], ['E01.370.350.850.860', 'E01.370.378.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The protein kinase Pstol1 from traditional rice confers tolerance of phosphorus deficiency.
|
As an essential macroelement for all living cells, phosphorus is indispensable in agricultural production systems. Natural phosphorus reserves are limited, and it is therefore important to develop phosphorus-efficient crops. A major quantitative trait locus for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance, Pup1, was identified in the traditional aus-type rice variety Kasalath about a decade ago. However, its functional mechanism remained elusive until the locus was sequenced, showing the presence of a Pup1-specific protein kinase gene, which we have named phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 (PSTOL1). This gene is absent from the rice reference genome and other phosphorus-starvation-intolerant modern varieties. Here we show that overexpression of PSTOL1 in such varieties significantly enhances grain yield in phosphorus-deficient soil. Further analyses show that PSTOL1 acts as an enhancer of early root growth, thereby enabling plants to acquire more phosphorus and other nutrients. The absence of PSTOL1 and other genes-for example, the submergence-tolerance gene SUB1A-from modern rice varieties underlines the importance of conserving and exploring traditional germplasm. Introgression of this quantitative trait locus into locally adapted rice varieties in Asia and Africa is expected to considerably enhance productivity under low phosphorus conditions.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Breeding', 'Droughts', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oryza', 'Phosphorus', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Kinases', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']
| 22,914,168
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D01.268.666'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of ureteral colic with intravenous indomethacin.
|
A randomized prospective double-blind study of the analgesic effect of 50 mg. intravenous indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, was done on 47 consecutive patients with acute ureteral colic. The placebo used was 5 mg. intravenous riboflavin because of the same color as indomethacin. Indomethacin provided complete relief in 78 per cent of the cases, while riboflavin provided relief in 30 per cent. The difference is statistically significant. No side effects were observed with indomethacin.
|
['Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Colic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Kidney', 'Prospective Studies', 'Ureter', 'Ureteral Diseases']
| 366,182
|
[['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['C16.614.166'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A05.810.776'], ['C12.777.725', 'C13.351.968.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
B chromosomes in Nierembergia aristata (Solanaceae): nucleolar activity and competition with the A chromosomes.
|
B chromosomes are additional dispensable chromosomes that may be present in some individuals, populations, or species, which have probably arisen from the A chromosomes but follow their own evolutionary pathway. Supposedly, B chromosomes do not contain major genes except for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences that have been mapped on the supernumerary chromosomes of many plants and animals. This paper is a new report of B chromosome occurrence in plants. B chromosomes with nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) were found in a diploid sample of Nierembergiaaristata D. Don (sub nom. N. stricta Miers) (2n = 2x = 16). This is an extreme case in which B chromosomes possess not only strong nucleolar activity, as revealed by conventional staining methods, AgNOR and fluorescence banding, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), but also show nucleolar competition with the A chromosomes. The observed phenomenon could be analogous to the nucleolar dominance or 'differential amphiplasty' phenomenon that occurs in interspecific hybrids.
|
['Cell Nucleolus', 'Chromosomes, Plant', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Metaphase', 'Solanaceae']
| 20,924,164
|
[['A11.284.430.106.279.345.175'], ['A11.284.187.560', 'A18.005', 'G05.360.162.560'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Androgen receptor as a regulator of ZEB2 expression and its implications in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer.
|
Zinc finger E-box-binding protein 2 (ZEB2) is known to help mediate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and thereby it facilitates cancer metastasis. This study was initiated to explore whether ZEB2 expression differs in prostate cancer (PCa, n=7) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n=7) tissues. In PCa tissues, the levels of both immunoreactive ZEB2 and androgen receptor (AR) were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) when compared with BPH tissues. Co-regulation of AR and ZEB2 prompted us to investigate the role of androgenic stimuli in ZEB2 expression. ZEB2 expression was found to be significantly (P<0.05) upregulated after androgen stimulation and downregulated following AR silencing in LNCaP cells, an androgen-dependent PCa cell line. This finding suggested AR as a positive regulator of ZEB2 expression in androgen-dependent cells. Paradoxically, androgen-independent (AI) cell lines PC3 and DU145, known to possess low AR levels, showed significantly (P<0.05) higher expression of ZEB2 compared with LNCaP cells. Furthermore, forced expression of AR in PC3 (PC3-AR) and DU145 (DU-AR) cells led to reductions in ZEB2 expression, invasiveness, and migration. These cells also exhibited an increase in the levels of E-cadherin (a transcriptional target of ZEB2). Co-transfection of AR and ZEB2 cDNA constructs prevented the decline in invasiveness and migration to a significant extent. Additionally, ZEB2 downregulation was associated with an increase in miR200a/miR200b levels in PC3-AR cells and with a decrease in miR200a/miR200b levels in AR-silenced LNCaP cells. Thus, AR acts as a positive regulator of ZEB2 expression in androgen-dependent cells and as a negative regulator in AI PCa cells.
|
['Androgens', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Wound Healing', 'Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2']
| 24,812,058
|
[['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['G04.356.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C04.626'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G16.762.891'], ['D12.776.260.400.883', 'D12.776.260.703.700', 'D12.776.930.780.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ab initio and DFT studies of the molecular structures and vibrational spectra of succinonitrile.
|
The Molecular structure, conformational stability and vibrational frequencies of succinonitrile NCCH2CH2CN have been investigated with ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods implementing the standard 6-311++G* basis set. The potential energy surfaces (PES) have been explored at DFT-B3LYP, HF and MP2 levels of theory. In agreements with previous experimental results, the molecule was predicted to exist in equilibrium mixture of trans and gauche conforms with the trans form being slightly lower in energy. The vibrational frequencies and the corresponding vibrational assignments of succinonitrile in both C2h and C2 symmetry were examined theoretically and the calculated Infrared and Raman spectra of the molecule were plotted. Observed frequencies for normal modes were compared with those calculated from normal mode coordinate analysis carried out on the basis of ab initio and DFT force fields using the standard 6-311++G* basis set of the theoretical optimized geometry. Theoretical IR intensities and Raman activities are reported.
|
['Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nitriles', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Thermodynamics', 'Vibration']
| 16,872,884
|
[['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D02.626'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G01.906'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Facile surface functionalization of upconversion nanoparticles with phosphoryl pillar[5]arenes for controlled cargo release and cell imaging.
|
Upon surface functionalization and stabilization of â-NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with phosphoryl pillar[5]arenes (PP5) via a facile ligand exchange method, we constructed a new hybrid material (PP5-UCNPs) with good water dispersibility especially in a physiological environment and superior capability of controlled cargo release and cell imaging.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Calixarenes', 'Cell Line', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Liberation', 'Erbium', 'Fluorides', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Infrared Rays', 'Macrophages', 'Mesalamine', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Phosphorous Acids', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Solubility', 'Ytterbium', 'Yttrium']
| 30,387,478
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D04.345.025'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D01.268.558.362.437', 'D01.552.550.399.437'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.300.500', 'D02.241.223.100.300.595.100.540', 'D02.241.511.390.595.100.540', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.100.540', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.100.540'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['D01.029.260.700.700', 'D01.695.625.700'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['G02.805'], ['D01.268.558.362.992', 'D01.552.550.399.992'], ['D01.268.558.975', 'D01.268.956.890', 'D01.552.550.975']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Primitive erythropoiesis in the Xenopus embryo: the synergistic role of LMO-2, SCL and GATA-binding proteins.
|
Hematopoietic stem cells are derived from ventral mesoderm during vertebrate development. Gene targeting experiments in the mouse have demonstrated key roles for the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SCL and the GATA-binding protein GATA-1 in hematopoiesis. When overexpressed in Xenopus animal cap explants, SCL and GATA-1 are each capable of specifying mesoderm to become blood. Forced expression of either factor in whole embryos, however, does not lead to ectopic blood formation. This apparent paradox between animal cap assays and whole embryo phenotype has led to the hypothesis that additional factors are involved in specifying hematopoietic mesoderm. SCL and GATA-1 interact in a transcriptional complex with the LIM domain protein LMO-2. We have cloned the Xenopus homolog of LMO-2 and show that it is expressed in a similar pattern to SCL during development. LMO-2 can specify hematopoietic mesoderm in animal cap assays. SCL and LMO-2 act synergistically to expand the blood island when overexpressed in whole embryos. Furthermore, co-expression of GATA-1 with SCL and LMO-2 leads to embryos that are ventralized and have blood throughout the dorsal-ventral axis. The synergistic effect of SCL, LMO-2 and GATA-1, taken together with the findings that these factors can form a complex in vitro, suggests that this complex specifies mesoderm to become blood during embryogenesis.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4', 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors', 'Erythropoiesis', 'GATA1 Transcription Factor', 'Gene Expression', 'Globins', 'Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs', 'Humans', 'LIM Domain Proteins', 'Metalloproteins', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Smad Proteins', 'T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Xenopus Proteins', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 11,493,549
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.400', 'D12.776.467.942.200.400', 'D23.529.942.200.400'], ['D12.644.276.954.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200', 'D23.529.942.200'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.260.235', 'D12.776.930.216'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['D12.776.260.235.500', 'D12.776.260.257.100', 'D12.776.930.216.500', 'D12.776.930.314.100'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.512'], ['D12.776.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.024.334', 'D12.776.157.057.170', 'D12.776.260.713', 'D12.776.476.024.428', 'D12.776.930.806'], ['D12.776.260.103.829', 'D12.776.624.664.700.960', 'D12.776.930.125.829'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.045.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphorus: a rate limiting nutrient in surface waters.
|
Phosphorus is an essential element for all life forms. It is a mineral nutrient. Orthophosphate is the only form of P that autotrophs can assimilate. Extracellular enzymes hydrolyze organic forms of P to phosphate. Eutrophication is the over-enrichment of surface waters with mineral nutrients. The results are excessive production of autotrophs, especially algae and cyanobacteria. This high productivity leads to high bacterial populations and high respiration rates, leading to hypoxia or anoxia in poorly mixed bottom waters and at night in surface waters during calm, warm conditions. Low dissolved oxygen causes the loss of aquatic animals and the release of many materials normally bound to bottom sediments, including various forms of P. This release of P reinforces the eutrophication. Excessive concentrations of P is the most common cause of eutrophication in freshwater lakes, reservoirs, streams, and in the headwaters of estuarine systems. In the ocean, N is believed to usually be the key mineral nutrient controlling primary production. Estuaries and continental shelf waters are a transition zone, in which excessive P and N create problems. It is best to measure and regulate total P inputs to whole aquatic ecosystems, but for an easy assay it is best to measure total P concentrations, including particulate P, in surface waters or N:P atomic ratios in phytoplankton.
|
['Agriculture', 'Animals', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Eutrophication', 'Fertilizers', 'Food Chain', 'Phosphorus', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 10,228,963
|
[['J01.040'], ['B01.050'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.285'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['D01.268.666'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Contrasting bacterial communities in two indigenous Chionochloa (Poaceae) grassland soils in New Zealand.
|
The cultivation of grasslands can modify both bacterial community structure and impact on nutrient cycling as well as the productivity and diversity of plant communities. In this study, two pristine New Zealand grassland sites dominated by indigenous tall tussocks (Chionochloa pallens or C. teretifolia) were examined to investigate the extent and predictability of variation of the bacterial community. The contribution of free-living bacteria to biological nitrogen fixation is predicted to be ecologically significant in these soils; therefore, the diazotrophic community was also examined. The C. teretifolia site had N-poor and poorly-drained peaty soils, and the C. pallens had N-rich and well-drained fertile soils. These soils also differ in the proportion of organic carbon (C), Olsen phosphorus (P) and soil pH. The nutrient-rich soils showed increased relative abundances of some copiotrophic bacterial taxa (including members of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla). Other copiotrophs, Actinobacteria and the oliogotrophic Acidobacteria showed increased relative abundance in nutrient-poor soils. Greater diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the Tax4Fun prediction of enhanced spore formation associated with nutrient-rich soils could indicate increased resilience of the bacterial community. The two sites had distinct diazotrophic communities with higher diversity in C. teretifolia soils that had less available nitrate and ammonium, potentially indicating increased resilience of the diazotroph community at this site. The C. teretifolia soils had more 16S rRNA gene and nifH copies per g soil than the nutrient rich site. However, the proportion of the bacterial community that was diazotrophic was similar in the two soils. We suggest that edaphic and vegetation factors are contributing to major differences in the composition and diversity of total bacterial and diazotrophic communities at these sites. We predict the differences in the communities at the two sites will result in different responses to environmental change.
|
['Acidobacteria', 'Actinobacteria', 'Biodiversity', 'Carbon', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Grassland', 'New Zealand', 'Nitrogen', 'Phosphorus', 'Poaceae', 'Proteobacteria', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 28,658,306
|
[['B03.026', 'B03.440.400.050'], ['B03.510.024', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G16.500.275.157.531', 'N06.230.124.390'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['B03.660'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Cine-fluoroscopic studies of ureteral function in the human renal transplant.
|
During a 14-month period 73 satisfactory fluoroscopic studies were done on 59 kidney transplant recipients. Ureteral peristalsis was seen in 90 per cent of these studies and there was no difference between patients receiving living related donor kidneys and those receiving cadaveric kidneys. When ureteral activity was studied during rejection episodes only 54 per cent of the studies showed activity. An effort was made to relate aperistaltic ureteral activity to renal function, warm ischemia time, urinary tract infection, number of rejection episodes and tissue matching but no positive correlation could be made except the concurrent clinical diagnosis of rejection.
|
['Cineradiography', 'Creatinine', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Ureter', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 1,095,785
|
[['E01.370.350.700.225.469'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.936.864'], ['A05.810.776'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial features for Escherichia coli genome organization.
|
BACKGROUND: In bacterial genomes, the compactly encoded genes and operons are well organized, with genes in the same biological pathway or operons in the same regulon close to each other on the genome sequence. In addition, the linearly close genes have a higher probability of co-expression and their protein products tend to form protein-protein interactions. However, the organization features of bacterial genomes in a three-dimensional space remain elusive. The DNA interaction data of Escherichia coli, measured by the genome conformation capture (GCC) technique, have recently become available, which allowed us to investigate the spatial features of bacterial genome organization.RESULTS: By renormalizing the GCC data, we compared the interaction frequency of operon pairs in the same regulon with that of random operon pairs. The results showed that arrangements of operons in the E. coli genome tend to minimize the spatial distance between operons in the same regulon. A similar global organization feature exists for genes in biological pathways of E. coli. In addition, the genes close to each other spatially (even if they are far from each other on the genome sequence) tend to be co-expressed and form protein-protein interactions. These results provided new insights into the organization principles of bacterial genomes and support the notion of transcription factory.CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the organization features of Escherichia coli genomic functional units in the 3D space and furthered our understanding of the link between the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes and biological function.
|
['Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Operon', 'Protein Interaction Maps']
| 25,652,224
|
[['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G03.493.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of out-reach immunization strategies in rural area.
|
Efficiency of out-reach immunization strategies operationalised in a rural area of district Ambala (Haryana) was evaluated. Till year 1984-85 immunization delivery was 'sporadic'. Annual cluster immunization campaigns were conducted during 1985-86 and 1986-87. This comprised of delivery of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and/or measles once in a year to all eligible children, other vaccine continued to be delivered by health workers during routine beats. Regular immunization sessions were undertaken in 1987-88 and 1988-89. All the vaccines were delivered on 4 fixed days (one day per week) of each month, covering village at least once a month. Significant increase in immunization coverage was observed after cluster campaigns. OPV increased from 46.5 to 73.6%, DPT from 49.1 to 75.5%, BCG from 48.7 to 72.2%, measles from 8.6 to 45.8% and tetanus toxoid (TT) for pregnant women (PW) from 41.8 to 65.3%. Under regular programme the coverage levels were maintained at OPV 79.4%, DPT 78.2%, BCG 70.6%, measles 48% and TT (PW) 76.2%. Regular out-reach immunization strategy was found to be better than cluster campaigns as it was 'regular' and high coverage level could be maintained.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Immunization Schedule', 'India', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Preventive Health Services', 'Rural Population', 'Vaccination']
| 2,081,638
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.470', 'E05.478.550.545'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N02.421.726'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Viscoelasticity of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weights.
|
Storage and loss moduli of hyaluronic acid solutions with different molecular weights were observed as a function of frequency in the presence of sugars and salts. The hyaluronic acid solutions of higher molecular weight (Mw > 17 x 10(6)) fractions showed entanglement, whereas lower molecular weight fractions did not. For inducing the entanglement of molecular chains of hyaluronic acid, increasing the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid was more effective than increasing the concentration of the lower molecular weight fractions (Mw = 7. 8 x 10(5). Glucose, fructose, galactose, and sucrose increased both storage and loss moduli, while NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 decreased both moduli. It is suggested that sugars create hydrogen bonds and strengthen the transient network. Cations shield the electrostatic repulsion of hyaluronic acid molecules, and the polymer chains are shrunk into compact coils from expanded stiffened coils.
|
['Carbohydrates', 'Elasticity', 'Electrochemistry', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rheology', 'Salts', 'Solutions', 'Viscosity']
| 8,729,484
|
[['D09'], ['G01.374.590'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['D01.786'], ['D26.776'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of intraventricular prolactin infusions on pituitary responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 5-hydroxytryptophan or morphine in rhesus monkeys.
|
The effects of intraventricular infusions of ovine prolactin (oPrl) on both endogenous prolactin levels in serum, and upon the release of prolactin and cortisol in response to treatment with either TRH, 5-HTP or morphine were studied in rhesus monkeys. A single injection of oPrl (10.8 micrograms) into the lateral ventricles of castrated males resulted in CSF levels of around 350 ng/ml 60 min later, but no oPrl could be detected in the blood. Endogenous (rhesus) prolactin levels in serum fell during this time to about half their initial values in oPrl-treated animals but not in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-injected controls. Ovine prolactin was infused continuously into either the lateral or third ventricles of ovariectomized, estrogen-treated females for 6 days from an osmotic minipump (2.7 micrograms/h). CSF levels of oPrl were about 250 ng/ml though none was found in the serum. The release of endogenous prolactin by TRH (1 microgram) was greatly reduced compared with BSA-treated controls. 5-HTP (2.5 mg/kg together with carbidopa pretreatment) also stimulated much less prolactin release in females chronically infused with oPrl and there was some evidence for a similar effect in males following a single intraventricular injection. CSF levels of 5-HTP itself, and of 5-HIAA and HVA were similar throughout this experiment in both oPrl and BSA-infused animals. Finally, prolactin released by morphine (5 mg) was highly attenuated in females receiving oPrl intraventricularly. In contrast to those on serum prolactin, the effects of these various treatments on serum cortisol were unaltered by intraventricular oPrl. These results suggest that the primate brain contains a neural system which is directly responsive to prolactin, and which can modulate this hormone's release under either basal conditions or following treatment with substances that stimulate its release by acting either directly on the pituitary or upon the neural systems regulating pituitary function. These results are compatible with the presence of increased dopamine in the portal blood, though this was not measured in these experiments.
|
['5-Hydroxytryptophan', 'Animals', 'Carbidopa', 'Castration', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Kinetics', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Morphine', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Prolactin', 'Sheep', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']
| 6,402,265
|
[['D12.125.072.050.850.479'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.311.200.538.200', 'D02.442.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.538.200'], ['E04.270.282', 'E04.950.165'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of marketing claims, ingredients, and nutrient profiles of over-the-counter diets marketed for skin and coat health of dogs.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate marketing claims, ingredients, and nutrient profiles of over-the-counter diets marketed for skin and coat health of dogs.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SAMPLE: 24 over-the-counter dry and canned diets marketed for skin and coat health of dogs.PROCEDURES: Data on marketing claims and ingredients were collected from diet packaging and manufacturer websites. Concentrations of selected nutrients were obtained by contacting the manufacturers and were compared against minimum values for Association of American Feed Control Officials Dog Food Nutrient Profiles for adult dog maintenance based on calorie content.RESULTS: Most diets incorporated marketing terms such as digestive health, sensitive, or premium that are poorly defined and may have limited relevance to skin, coat, or general health. The types and numbers of major ingredients (ie, potential to contribute protein to the diet) differed. The total number of unique major ingredients in each diet ranged from 3 to 8 (median, 5.5), but the total number of unique ingredients in each diet ranged from 28 to 68 (median, 38). Concentrations of nutrients associated with skin and coat condition also differed widely.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that the large variation among over-the-counter diets marketed for skin and coat health may cause confusion for owners during diet selection. Owners of a dog with dermatologic problems should consult their veterinarian to select a good-quality diet that meets specific nutrient goals.
|
['Advertising', 'Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Diet', 'Dogs', 'Hair', 'Nutritive Value', 'Pets', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena']
| 26,043,131
|
[['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A17.360'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['B01.050.050.116.600'], ['G13.750']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hypoxic and hypoglycaemic changes of intracellular pH in cerebral cortical pyramidal neurones.
|
Intracellular pH and membrane potential were measured during hypoxia and/or hypoglycaemia in cortical pyramidal neurones of a rat cortical slice preparation. Intracellular pH (pHi) was calculated from ratiometric microfluorometry of the pH-sensitive dye BCECF injected via sharp recording microelectrodes into the neurones. Transient (5 min) hypoxia induced a fall of pHi (7.12 +/- 0.03) of -0.72 +/- 0.11 pH units while transient (10 min) hypoglycaemia induced an increase of 0.37 +/- 0.09 pH units. Hypoglycaemia did not prevent the hypoxic acidification. Lowering extracellular Na+ induced a membrane hyperpolarization and alkalinization by 0.29 +/- 0.12 pH units but did not affect the development or recovery of the hypoxic acidification. The alkalinization during hypoglycaemia suggested that there is some anaerobic glycolysis under normoglycemic conditions. The hypoxic acidification, however, is unlikely to result from anaerobic glycolysis or reversal of Na(+)-dependent H+ extrusion.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hypoglycemia', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Microelectrodes', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Time Factors']
| 9,631,445
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G02.300'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous detection of esophageal and gastric carcinomas.
|
The case histories of six patients are presented where the diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus and the stomach was made at the same time by barium studies. The clinical history was elusive in two patients. In four of the six patients, histological proof of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the stomach was obtained, but in the other two biopsy of the gastric lesion was not possible because of the extensive esophageal cancer.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Barium Sulfate', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cardia', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Pylorus', 'Radiography', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 7,549,729
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.103.075', 'D01.875.800.800.850.075'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A03.556.875.875.163'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.651'], ['A03.556.875.875.799'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gas chromatographic quantification of fatty acid methyl esters: flame ionization detection vs. electron impact mass spectrometry.
|
The determination of FAME by GC is among the most commonplace analyses in lipid research. Quantification of FAME by GC with FID has been effectively performed for some time, whereas detection with MS has been used chiefly for qualitative analysis of FAME. Nonetheless, the sensitivity and selectivity of MS methods advocate a quantitative role for GC-MS in FAME analysis-an approach that would be particularly advantageous for FAME determination in complex biological samples, where spectrometric confirmation of analytes is advisable. To assess the utility of GC-MS methods for FAME quantification, a comparative study of GC-FID and GC-MS methods has been conducted. FAME in prepared solutions as well as a biological standard reference material were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods using both ion trap and quadrupole MS systems. Quantification by MS, based on total ion counts and processing of selected ions, was investigated for FAME ionized by electron impact. Instrument precision, detection limits, calibration behavior, and response factors were investigated for each approach, and quantitative results obtained by each technique were compared. Although there were a number of characteristic differences between the MS methods and FID with respect to FAME analysis, the quantitative performance of GC-MS compared satisfactorily with that of GC-FID. The capacity to combine spectrometric examination and quantitative determination advances GC-MS as a powerful alternative to GC-FID for FAME analysis.
|
['Calibration', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Fatty Acids', 'Flame Ionization', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 16,028,722
|
[['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['D10.251'], ['E05.196.181.349.390'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Further study on the specificity of D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase and time course for complete oxidation of D-amino acids.
|
1. D-Amino acid oxidase (D-AAO) oxidizes: D-Met, D-Pro, D-Phe, D-Tyr, D-Ile, D-Leu, D-Ala and D-Val. D-Ser, D-Arg, D-His, D-norleucine and D-Trp are oxidized at a low rate. D-Ornithine, cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, D-Thr, D-Trp-methyl ester, N-acetyl-D-Ala and D-Lys are oxidized at a very low rate. 2. D-Asp, D-Glu and their derivatives, Gly and all the L-amino acids are not oxidized (or are at a rate which is undetectable). 3. Among all D-amino acids, D-Met is the most highly oxidized compound. The Km value is 1.7 mM. 4. D-Aspartate oxidase (D-Aspo) either purified from Octopus vulgaris or from beef kidney oxidizes only D-Asp, D-Glu and their following derivatives: D-Asn, D-Gln, D-Asp-dimethyl-ester and N-methyl-D-Asp. 5. However, D-Pro, D-Leu, D-Ala and D-Met, are also oxidized by this enzyme, but at a very low rate (between 0.2 and 0.6% of D-Asp). 6. All other D-amino acids, glycine and all the L-amino acids are not oxidized. 7. Under experimental conditions, 1 U of D-AAO is able to totally oxidize 0.2 micromol of the following amino acids: D-Met, D-Pro, D-Phe, D-Thy, D-Ile, D-Leu, D-Ala, D-Val, D-Ser and D-Arg. 8. Similarly, 1 U of D-AspO in 1 hr of incubation totally oxidizes 0.1 micromol of D-Asp, D-Glu, D-Asn and D-Gln.
|
['Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'D-Amino-Acid Oxidase', 'D-Aspartate Oxidase', 'Kinetics', 'Octopodiformes', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Swine']
| 8,103,425
|
[['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.125'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.261'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.500.644.116.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin helps control the in vivo growth of solid tumors expressing the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A.
|
Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is expressed on almost all Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors and is a potential target for immunotherapeutic intervention and vaccination. However, LMP2A is not efficiently processed and presented on major histocompatibility antigens class I molecules to generate potent cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) responses capable of killing these tumors. The B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin (EtxB), causes rapid internalization and processing of membrane-bound LMP2A on EBV-infected B cells, and facilitates loading of processed-LMP2A peptides onto MHC class I. This re-directed trafficking/delivery of LMP2A to the MHC class I machinery enhances recognition and killing by LMP2A-specific CTL in vitro. To test the potential of EtxB to enhance immune targeting of LMP2A expressed in solid tumors, we generated a murine tumor model (Renca-LMP2A), in which LMP2A is expressed as a transgenic neoantigen on a renal carcinoma (Renca) cell line and forms solid tumors when injected subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The data show that in BALB/c mice which have only low levels of peripheral K(d)-LMP2A-specific CD8(+) T cells, merely a transient inhibition of tumor growth is achieved compared with na?ve mice; suggesting that there is suboptimal LMP2A-specifc CTL recognition and poorly targeted tumor killing. However, importantly, treatment of these mice with EtxB led to a significant delay in the onset of tumor growth and significantly lower tumor volumes compared with similar mice that did not receive EtxB. Moreover, this remarkable effect of EtxB was achieved despite progressive reduction in tumor expression of LMP2A and MHC class I molecules. These data clearly demonstrate the potential efficacy of EtxB as a novel therapeutic agent that could render EBV-associated tumors susceptible to immune control.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Enterotoxins', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Female', 'Immunization', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neoplasms', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Vaccinia virus', 'Viral Matrix Proteins']
| 25,641,882
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D23.946.123'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D23.946.330'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C04'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['B04.280.650.160.650.900'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hydrogen peroxide regulates glucose-regulated protein 78 expression via a cyclooxygenase-2 dependent mechanism.
|
This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in endothelial cells and reveals the possible role of cyclooxygenase in this effect. The porcine endothelial cell line was cultured in 1640 medium. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expression of GRP78. The caspase-12 activity was analyzed with the immune fluorescence method. The results showed that after the endothelial cells were incubated with 250 ìM of hydrogen peroxide for 12 h, apoptosis increased, which was antagonized by the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide or the nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin, but not by the cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor piroxicam. The expression of GRP78 was induced in endothelial cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide for 12 h. The overexpression of GRP78 was inhibited by nimesulide and aspirin, but not by piroxicam. There are no significant differences in caspase-12 activity among all groups. The present study provides evidence that hydrogen peroxide induced GRP78 overexpression in endothelial cells by a mechanism involving cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Aspirin', 'Blotting, Western', 'Caspase 12', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Iliac Artery', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Sulfonamides', 'Swine', 'Time Factors']
| 20,665,602
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.550.920', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.550.920', 'D12.644.360.075.405.550.920', 'D12.776.476.075.405.550.920'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.300', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.300', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.300', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.300', 'E05.478.583.375.300'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of casual, ambulatory and self-measured blood pressure in a study of nitrendipine vs bisoprolol.
|
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a single morning dose of either 10 mg bisoprolol (n = 26) or 20 mg nitrendipine (n = 27) were investigated. Blood pressure was measured by three techniques: (1) Casual blood pressure 24 h after the dose; (2) ambulatory 24-h whole-day monitoring; and (3) self-recorded blood pressure in the morning 24 h after the dose (6-8 a.m.) and in the evening (6-8 p.m.). After 4 weeks of therapy bisoprolol had produced a highly significant reduction in blood pressure as assessed by causal, ambulatory day- and night-time monitoring, and self-measured morning and evening readings. Bisoprolol was significantly more effective than nitrendipine, which did not induce a significant reduction in the ambulatory night-time recordings. Whole-day ambulatory blood pressure profiles showed an antihypertensive effect of bisoprolol throughout the entire 24-h period. 24-h blood pressure curves after nitrendipine demonstrated a markedly shorter duration of action, with no reduction in early morning blood pressure. Adverse effects and tolerability of the two drugs were comparable. The average changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after bisoprolol and nitrendipine in 2-h periods of ambulatory monitoring (6-8 a.m. and 6-8 p.m.) and self-measured blood pressure (6-8 a.m. and 6-8 p.m.) showed a good agreement between ambulatory and self-measured blood pressure determinations with no significant difference between the methods. The results show that 24 h antihypertensive efficacy was more pronounced for bisoprolol than for nitrendipine at the doses studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bisoprolol', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitrendipine', 'Propanolamines', 'Self Care']
| 1,352,496
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.085', 'D02.033.755.624.698.085', 'D02.092.063.624.698.085'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.725.203.590'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Accuracy of pathologic interpretation of colorectal polyps by general pathologists in community practice.
|
BACKGROUND: The histologic features of colorectal polyps often guide colonoscopic surveillance and the need for surgical intervention. Our objective was to evaluate the pathologic interpretation of colorectal polyps by general pathologists in community practice.METHODS: Twenty histologic slides of colorectal polyps were reviewed by 20 randomly selected general pathologists in community practice. There were 5 malignant polyps, 9 adenomas, and 6 miscellaneous polyps.RESULTS: Cancer was correctly identified in 91% of readings and adenoma in 94%. The grade of differentiation of cancer was provided in 55% of readings, and comment regarding whether the resection margin was free of cancer was made by 50% of pathologists. Tubular adenoma was called tubulovillous or villous in 35% of readings, but tubulovillous or villous adenoma was seldom (2%) called tubular. High-grade dysplasia was correctly identified in 47% of 60 readings, was called invasive cancer in 22%, and was missed in 31%. Among miscellaneous polyps, hyperplastic polyp was correctly recognized in 75% of cases, and inflammatory polyp and juvenile polyp each were recognized by 16 of 20 pathologists (80%). Peutz-Jeghers hamartoma was identified by 4 of 20 pathologists (20%), and the polypoid phase of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome was recognized by 2 pathologists (10%).CONCLUSION: Areas of strength with regard to interpretation of colon polyps by general pathologists in community practice included identification of cancer, adenoma, and certain non-neoplastic polyps (e.g., inflammatory and juvenile polyps). Areas of weakness included lack of comment on cancer differentiation and proximity to the resection line, erroneous identification of high-grade dysplasia, and identification of rare lesions. The results of this study suggest areas on which to focus continuing education and continuous quality improvement efforts with regard to polyp interpretation.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenoma', 'Biopsy', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colonoscopy', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Hospitals, Community', 'Humans', 'Pathology, Clinical']
| 10,502,165
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['N02.278.421.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.650.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Alginate-konjac glucomannan-chitosan beads as controlled release matrix.
|
Controlled release beads were prepared by using alginate (ALG), konjac glucomannan (KGM) and chitosan (CHI). Bovine serum albumin and insulin were used as model proteins for in vitro assessments. It was observed that KGM could be contained within beads, and faintness hydrogen binding and electrostatic interaction exist between ALG and KGM by infrared spectra. Clear dents were found on the surface of beads using KGM by scanning electron microscopy. Use of KGM could help increase the payload of drug. After beads were treated by 0.1 N HCl for 4 h and put into pH 7.4 buffers, protein was released from ALG-CHI beads within 1 h, while it was lost from ALG-KGM-CHI beads for 3 h. However, the leaking of protein from ALG-KGM-CHI beads was also increased in 0.1 N HCl solution. Concentration of gelling ion had great effect on release rate and gel structure. Studies of water of hydration had shown that swelling of ALG-KGM-CHI beads was higher than that of ALG-CHI beads in acidic solution, but the opposite result was obtained in alkali solution. The result indicated that the diffusion of protein was related to the viscosity and swelling properties of KGM.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Alginates', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Hexuronic Acids', 'Insulin', 'Mannans', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 12,204,571
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D09.698.068'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.400', 'D02.241.152.811.400', 'D02.241.511.902.915.400', 'D09.811.922.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D09.698.550'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A bio-inspired force control for cyclic manipulation of prosthetic hands.
|
The human hand is considered as the highest example of dexterous system capable of interacting with different objects and adapting its manipulation abilities to them. The control of poliarticulated prosthetic hands represents one important research challenge, typically aiming at replicating the manipulation capabilities of the natural hand. For this reason, this paper wants to propose a bio-inspired learning architecture based on parallel force/position control for prosthetic hands, capable of learning cyclic manipulation capabilities. To this purpose, it is focused on the control of a commercial biomechatronic hand (the IH2 hand) including the main features of recent poliarticulated prosthetic hands. The training phase of the hand was carried out in simulation, the parallel force/position control was tested in simulation whereas preliminary tests were performed on the real IH2 hand. The results obtained in simulation and on the real hand provide an important evidence of the applicability of the bio-inspired neural control to real biomechatronic hand with the typical features of a hand prosthesis.
|
['Hand', 'Humans', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Robotics']
| 26,737,373
|
[['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Hidradenitis suppurativa].
|
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa is an inflammatory, chronic and recurrent disease of appocrine glands, located in inguinal, axillar, perineal, perianal areas and scalp.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and therapeutic management.METHODS: A retrospective, transverse, and descriptive study was carried out. All patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, and who were managed by the Coloproctology Unit from the Gastroenterology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico City from January 1995 to December 2004, were included.RESULTS: We reviewed 12,689 files and identified 15 patients (0.12%) with hidradenitis suppurativa; nine fulfilled inclusion criteria.CONCLUSIONS: This is a complex disease with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Hidradenitis Suppurativa', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 17,022,896
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.150.252.819.420', 'C01.800.720.420', 'C01.830.499', 'C17.800.838.765.420', 'C17.800.946.315.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
4-hexylresorcinol exerts antitumor effects via suppression of calcium oscillation and its antitumor effects are inhibited by calcium channel blockers.
|
The bacterial dormancy-inducing factor 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) has been shown to have synergistic antitumor effects when used in combination with cisplatin. In the present study, 4-HR was used as a single agent in the squamous carcinoma cell line SCC-9. The results demonstrated that 4-HR suppressed SCC-9 cell proliferation compared to primary cultured gingival fibroblasts. 4-HR dose-dependently induced SCC-9 cell apoptosis as determined by caspase-3 activity, annexin V expression, as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 4-HR inhibited intracellular calcium oscillation in both SCC-9 cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts. 4-HR-induced apoptosis was partly reversed by calcium channel blockers. Of note, 4-HR reduced the tumor mass formed by SSC-9 cell implantation in BALB/cAnNCrj-nu/nu mice and mass size reduction was also partly reversed by the concomitant application of calcium channel blockers. Collectively, our results suggest that 4-HR has strong antitumor effects by inhibiting calcium channel oscillation and inducing apoptosis.
|
['Animals', 'Annexin A5', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gingiva', 'Hexylresorcinol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Mouth Neoplasms']
| 23,427,012
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A14.549.167.646.480'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.852.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Bayesian classifier for differentiating benign versus malignant thyroid nodules using sonographic features.
|
Thyroid nodules are a common, yet challenging clinical problem. The vast majority of these nodules are benign; however, deciding which nodule should undergo biopsy is difficult because the imaging appearance of benign and malignant thyroid nodules overlap. High resolution ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for evaluating thyroid nodules. Many sonographic features have been studied individually as predictors for thyroid malignancy. There has been little work to create predictive models that combine multiple predictors, both imaging features and demographic factors. We have created a Bayesian classifier to predict whether a thyroid nodule is benign or malignant using sonographic and demographic findings. Our classifier performed similar to or slightly better than experienced radiologists when evaluated using 41 thyroid nodules with known pathologic diagnosis. This classifier could be helpful in providing practitioners an objective basis for deciding whether to biopsy suspicious thyroid nodules.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Ultrasonography']
| 18,999,209
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Charge-density distribution in hydrogen methylphosphonates of calcium and lithium.
|
Two new crystal structures, calcium bis(hydrogen methylphosphonate), Ca(CH(3)PO(3)H)(2), and lithium hydrogen methylphosphonate, Li(CH(3)PO(3)H), have been obtained, and the experimental and theoretical charge densities, as well as their topological properties, are reported. Both compounds display layered structures. Each hydrogen methylphosphonate anion coordinates three metal cations in the calcium compound and four in the lithium one. Weak polarization of oxygen lone pairs is observed, with lithium showing somewhat stronger polarization strength than calcium. The reported topological properties from the density functional theory (DFT) and X-ray approach are consistent with each other. In both structures the P-O bonds have a significant share of ionic character. The hyperconjugation effects within the phosphonate group are quenched upon coordination of the metal cations.
|
['Anions', 'Calcium', 'Cations', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Hydrogen', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Lithium', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organophosphorus Compounds']
| 21,931,209
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['G02.282'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Attenuating social affective learning effects with Memory Suppression manipulations.
|
People can form opinions of other individuals based on information about their good or bad behavior. The present study investigated whether this affective learning might depend on memory links formed between initially neutral people and valenced information. First, participants viewed neutral faces paired with sentences describing prosocial or antisocial behaviors. Second, memory suppression manipulations with the potential to aid in the forgetting of valenced information were administered. Using the Think/No think paradigm, the effectiveness of four different suppression instructions was compared: Unguided Suppression, Guided Suppression, Distraction, and Thought Substitution. Overall, all the tasks appreciably reduced affective learning based on prosocial information, but only the Guided Suppression and Thought Substitution tasks reduced affective learning based on antisocial information. These results suggest that weakening the putative memory link between initially neutral people and valenced information can decrease the effect of learned associations on the evaluation of other people. We interpreted this as indicative that social affective learning may rely on declarative memories.
|
['Adolescent', 'Association Learning', 'Attitude', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Self Report', 'Social Behavior', 'Thinking', 'Young Adult']
| 26,799,984
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F01.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F02.463.785'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Frequency doubling technology perimetry in open-angle glaucoma eyes with hemifield visual field damage: comparison of high-tension and normal-tension groups.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in open-angle glaucoma eyes with hemifield visual field damage and to compare it between open-angle glaucoma with high pressure [high-tension glaucoma (HTG)] and those with normal pressure [normal-tension glaucoma (NTG)] groups.METHODS: FDT perimetry with the N-30 full threshold protocol and standard automated perimetry (SAP) using the Humphrey Field Analyzer with the 30-2 full threshold protocol were performed in 20 eyes of 20 HTG patients and 36 eyes of 36 NTG patients with visual field damage confirmed with SAP in only one hemifield.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in demographics, the Heidelberg Retina Tomography indices, and the Humphrey Field Analyzer indices between HTG and NTG groups. Regarding the FDT perimetry results, mean deviation in the global field (P=0.009) and mean sensitivity in the SAP-spared (P=0.001) and SAP-impaired (P=0.011) hemifields were lower; the numbers of FDT abnormal test points (probability of abnormality <5%) in the SAP-spared hemifield were significantly greater (P=0.005) in HTG than in NTG groups. Eyes in which FDT results of the SAP-spared hemifield were judged as abnormal was more frequent in HTG groups (P=0.007).CONCLUSIONS: The performance of FDT perimetry to detect early or preperimetric glaucomatous functional changes should be different between HTG and NTG eyes.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ocular Hypertension', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Vision Disorders', 'Visual Field Tests', 'Visual Fields']
| 17,224,743
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.525'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941'], ['E01.370.380.850.962'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Quantitative analysis of goose and duck mixed down using visible/NIR spectroscopy].
|
Goose down and duck down have very similar appearance but the quality of goose down is better than that of duck down in general. There is a highest allowable limit as specified by the various national standards of feather and down for the percentage of duck feather or down mixed in goose feather or down. Traditional detection method, manual inspection with a high-scale microscope, is labor intensive and not suitable for large-volume samples analysis and on-site rapid testing. In the present paper, visible/near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with successive projection algorithm (SPA) for characteristic wavelengths selection was used to determinate the content of duck down mixed in goose down. In the range of 450-930 nm, the multiple linear regression (MLR) model established with the 8 characteristic wavelengths selected by SPA achieved good prediction, the correlation coefficient of 0.983, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 5.44%, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.75%. Therefore, it is expected to be used for rapid detection of feather and down quality in future.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Ducks', 'Feathers', 'Geese', 'Linear Models', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared']
| 22,715,765
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['A13.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.350', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.492'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.599'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Identification of down-regulated expressed sequence tag at chromosome 3p21 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].
|
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: It was reported that a locus of high frequency loss of heterozygosity was found at 3p14-25 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. This study was designed to identify the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) associated with NPC at chromosome 3p21 in order to clone new candidate NPC-associated genes at the locus.METHODS: The expression of relative ESTs at 3p21 was determined in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and normal nasopharyngeal epithelia using ESTs homology analysis with bioinformatics in computer network combined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of EST was detected in other normal tissues and tumor cell lines using Northern blot analysis.RESULTS: Comparing with expression of normal nasopharyngeal epithelia, EST (N31985) was down-regulated in 60.00% (3/5) nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and 47.06% (16/34) nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: N31985 is down-regulated in NPC, suggesting it may play a role in NPC carcinogenesis.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3', 'Down-Regulation', 'Expressed Sequence Tags', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Humans', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Nasopharynx', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 12,561,426
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.250', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.250'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.275'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590.029.530'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Heavy metal levels in feathers of wild turkeys from Virginia.
|
Levels of lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc were determined in feathers of 175 wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopava) shot by hunters in 19 Virginia counties in 2 physiographic regions. Lead and nickel levels did not vary by county, region, sex, or age. Zinc and cadmium levels were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in adult turkeys.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Cadmium', 'Feathers', 'Female', 'Lead', 'Male', 'Metals', 'Nickel', 'Sex Factors', 'Turkeys', 'Virginia', 'Zinc']
| 444,755
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ability of four different techniques of measuring bone mass to diagnose vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.
|
Since bone mass has been shown to be an important determining factor of fractures in vitro, we undertook a study to evaluate whether bone mass measurements could separate postmenopausal women with vertebral compression fractures from women of a similar age without fractures. We also wanted to see if methods of measuring bone mass at the spine would be more sensitive or specific than methods that measured bone at the wrist or the entire skeleton. The techniques used were: total body calcium by neutron activation analysis (TBC), single photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Normal women aged 20-85 were measured, but only those greater than 50 yr were used in the analysis. Mean values for women with fractures were significantly lower than normals (p less than .001): TBC 642 +/- 103 g vs. 764 +/- 114; SPA .658 +/- .134 g/cm vs. .779 +/- .142; DPA 3.75 +/- .82 g/cm vs. 4.37 +/- .86; QCT 59.0 +/- 25.7 mg/cc vs. 92.6 +/- 36.0. However, each of the methods showed considerable overlap between women with and without fractures. At 90% specificity the sensitivities of the tests were: TBC 34%; SPA 29%; DPA 33%; QCT 36%. When values were expressed as the % expected (based on age and height) then the sensitivities were: TBC 52%; SPA 36%; DPA 35%; QCT 44%. Using Bayes' theorem, we constructed curves showing the posttest probability of these tests at a prevalence of 20%. None of these bone mass measuring techniques showed complete separation between normal and osteoporotic women with fractures; about one-half of the women with fractures were below the normal range. The risk of having a fracture increases as bone mass declines, but our data suggest that bone mass is not the only factor leading to vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone and Bones', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Menopause', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Spinal Injuries']
| 3,455,166
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.117.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Androgen deprivation therapy sensitizes prostate cancer cells to T-cell killing through androgen receptor dependent modulation of the apoptotic pathway.
|
Despite recent advances in diagnosis and management, prostrate cancer remains the second most common cause of death from cancer in American men, after lung cancer. Failure of chemotherapies and hormone-deprivation therapies is the major cause of death in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, the androgen inhibitors enzalutamide and abiraterone are approved for treatment of metastatic CRPC. Here we show for the first time that both enzalutamide and abiraterone render prostate tumor cells more sensitive to T cell-mediated lysis through immunogenic modulation, and that these immunomodulatory activities are androgen receptor (AR)-dependent. In studies reported here, the NAIP gene was significantly down-regulated in human prostate tumor cells treated in vitro and in vivo with enzalutamide. Functional analysis revealed that NAIP played a critical role in inducing CTL sensitivity. Amplification of AR is a major mechanism of resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Here, we show that enzalutamide enhances sensitivity to immune-mediated killing of prostate tumor cells that overexpress AR. The immunomodulatory properties of enzalutamide and abiraterone provide a rationale for their use in combination with immunotherapeutic agents in CRPC, especially for patients with minimal response to enzalutamide or abiraterone alone, or for patients who have developed resistance to ADT.
|
['Androgen Antagonists', 'Androstenes', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Immunomodulation', 'Immunotherapy', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein', 'Phenylthiohydantoin', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 25,344,864
|
[['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D04.210.500.054.079'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465', 'G12.535'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.210.500', 'D12.644.360.075.437.500', 'D12.776.476.075.437.500', 'D12.776.631.642'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555.868.650'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770.500', 'C12.294.260.750.500', 'C12.294.565.625.500', 'C12.758.409.750.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Treatment of cancer of the breast with Patey's modified radical mastectomy].
|
Patey's operation was used to treat breast cancer in 658 cases between 1956 and 1976 at the Bologna University Surgical Clinic. Follow-up in 562 cases revealed 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates substantially similar to those obtained by Halsted and others. It is felt that the type of operation used is of relative importance for survival, since breast cancer is dependent on other factors that require careful appraisal in each case.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mastectomy', 'Prognosis']
| 460,613
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of human blood for volatile N-nitrosamines by gas chromatography-chemiluminescence detection.
|
A method was developed to separate and measure trace levels of volatile N-nitrosamines (NAs) in human blood that either eliminated or accounted for in vitro artifactual formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) through the use of water blanks, added inhibitor (ascorbic acid) and added morpholine. The absolute minimum detectable limit was 8 pg; minimum level of reliable measurement was 0.05 microgram/kg for a 20-g blood specimen. Recovery of NDMA from blood was 93 +/- 5%. Coefficient of variation was 25%. Bloods from 242 people were analyzed for volatile NAs. NDMA was the only NA found. Positive specimens were presumptively confirmed by their non-detection after ultraviolet photolysis and/or mass spectrometry. This paper presents additional evidence that in vivo NA formation occurs.
|
['Adult', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Dimethylnitrosamine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Nitrosamines', 'Photolysis', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 3,711,226
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['D02.654.442.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D02.654.442'], ['G02.740.685'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of aurothioglucose and auranofin on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Radiographic films of 40 patients participating in a single centre patient blind study of auranofin versus aurothioglucose were evaluated in a random order by one reader. The two treatment groups were comparable with respect to number of erosions and total radiographic score at the start of the study. Only in the auranofin-treated patients was a statistically significant increase in the mean number of new erosions (p less than 0.001 at 6 months and p less than 0.01 at 12 months treatment, paired t-test) as well as in the total radiographic score (p less than 0.01 at 6 and 12 months treatment, paired t-test) observed. Results of this study confirm that parenteral gold compounds do retard radiographic progression of joint destruction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The effects on radiographic progression shown in this study are in agreement with other reports which, based on clinical and biochemical parameters, have shown that auranofin is somewhat less effective than the injectible gold salts.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Auranofin', 'Aurothioglucose', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Random Allocation', 'Time Factors']
| 3,096,626
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D02.691.675.249.150'], ['D02.691.675.249'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unread Second-Opinion Radiology Reports: A Potential Waste of Health Care Resources.
|
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate how frequently second-opinion radiology reports are not read by clinicians and to identify reasons why reports are not read. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included 4696 consecutive second-opinion reports of external imaging examinations that were authorized by subspecialty radiologists at a tertiary care institution over a 1-year period. RESULTS. Of 4696 second-opinion reports, 537 were not read by a clinician, corresponding to a frequency of 11.4% (95% CI, 10.6-12.3%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, five variables were significantly and independently associated with the second-opinion report not being read: inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 163.26; p < 0.001), sonography as the imaging modality (OR, 5.07; p = 0.014), surgery (OR, 0.18; p < 0.001) or neurology (OR, 2.82; p < 0.001) as the requesting clinician's specialty, and interventional radiology as the subspecialty of the radiologist who authorized the second-opinion report (OR, 3.52; p = 0.047). We found no significant independent associations between the clinician not reading the second-opinion report and patient age, patient sex, or time between submission of the second-opinion request and finalization of the report. CONCLUSION. A considerable proportion of second-opinion reports are not read by clinicians, which represents an appreciable but potentially reversible waste of health care resources. The reasons why clinicians do not read reports need to be investigated in future studies. If subspecialty radiologists and clinicians take the proven determinants into account, the amount of second-opinion readings with limited additional clinical value may be reduced.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Radiography', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 32,783,557
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Subarachnoid space of the CNS, nasal mucosa, and lymphatic system.
|
We have briefly reviewed the literature pertaining to the movement of tracer molecules and infectious organisms within the olfactory nerve. There is a body of evidence indicating that tracers placed in the CSF will quickly move via the olfactory nerve to the nasal mucosa and then to the cervical lymph nodes. Organic and inorganic tracer materials and organisms as diverse as viruses, a bacillus, and an amoeba, when placed in the nasal cavity, have been shown to move from the nasal mucosa via the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and the CSF. We think that a portion of the data on tracer movement is due to incorporation of tracer materials and organisms into the axoplasm of the olfactory neurons with subsequent anterograde or retrograde axoplasmic transport. However, some of the movement of tracers may occur within the olfactory perineural space. This space may be continuous with a subarachnoid extension that surrounds the olfactory nerve as it penetrates the cribriform plate. To our knowledge, no one has yet followed the perineural space to determine if it is continuous from olfactory receptor to olfactory bulb. The consideration of this space and its role is the main reason for this review.
|
['Animals', 'Axonal Transport', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Cisterna Magna', 'Coloring Agents', 'Ethmoid Bone', 'Gold Colloid, Radioactive', 'Haplorhini', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic System', 'Mice', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Olfactory Nerve', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Rabbits', 'Subarachnoid Space', 'Time Factors', 'Virus Diseases', 'Virus Physiological Phenomena']
| 85,446
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Influence of Tablet Formulation, Drug Concentration, and pH Modification on the Stability of Extemporaneously Compounded Levothyroxine Suspensions.
|
Three brands of levothyroxine tablets are currently available in New Zealand (Eltroxin, Mercury Pharma, Synthroid) for extemporaneous compounding into suspensions. This study aims to determine whether tablet brand (i.e., formulation), concentration, storage conditions, as well as pH, impact the stability of compounded levothyroxine suspensions. Using the three available brands of levothyroxine tablets, suspensions were compounded at concentrations of 15 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL and stored at 4°C and 22°C. Samples were withdrawn weekly for 4 weeks, and chemical stability was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Physical appearance, ease of resuspension, and pH were also monitored weekly. To evaluate the effect on drug stability, pH modifiers were added to a suspension. As demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis, the suspensions compounded from the Eltroxin and Mercury Pharma tablets were more stable (>90% remaining after 4 weeks) than Synthroid across both storage conditions and concentrations. The drug was more stable at the higher concentration of 25 µg/mL than at 15 µg/mL. Levothyroxine was stable when pH was increased to pH 8 through the addition of sodium citrate; stability was reduced at a lower pH. Storage temperature did not affect the stability of the suspensions during the 4-week study. This is the first study demonstrating the impact of tablet brand, with different excipients, and drug concentrations on stability, and thus the beyond-use date of the compounded levothyroxine liquid formulations. The pH control achieved by sodium citrate, either as an excipient in tablets or an additive during compounding, improved drug stability.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Stability', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Suspensions', 'Tablets', 'Temperature', 'Thyroxine']
| 29,877,863
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E05.916.330'], ['G02.300'], ['D20.280.810', 'D26.255.165.810'], ['D26.255.830'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of long-term oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on urinary symptoms: data from a 1-year, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial in aging men with symptomatic hypogonadism.
|
BACKGROUND: There has been a longstanding question as to whether testosterone therapy could precipitate or worsen urinary symptoms in aging men. We investigated the effects of 1-year oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) therapy on urinary symptoms in aging, hypogonadal men.METHODS: A total of 322 men ?50 years with symptomatic testosterone deficiency participated in a 1-year, randomized, multicenter, double-blind trial. Patients received placebo or oral TU 80 mg/day, 160 mg/day, or 240 mg/day.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Compared with placebo, treatment with oral TU at doses of 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day resulted in no significant change in IPSS urinary symptoms or quality of life (QoL) scores. Treatment with oral TU 240 mg/day led to a statistically significant, but clinically insignificant, improvement in IPSS total score and a significant improvement in IPSS QoL score. None of the TU doses tested had a significant effect on PSA or PV.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term oral TU therapy had no deleterious effects on IPSS total score and did not change PV and PSA in aging, hypogonadal men. Oral TU therapy at a dose of 240 mg/day may even improve IPSS QoL score.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Androgens', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Hypogonadism', 'Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Testosterone']
| 26,030,346
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.391.482'], ['C23.888.942.343'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Results of transplanting regions of the midbrain of human embryos into the brain of adult rats].
|
A principle possibility for transplantation of the midbrain areas of the human embryos into the brain of mature rats has been demonstrated. For successful xeno-transplantations the midbrain of 7-8-week-old embryos is the most suitable. The intracerebral transplants grow predominantly along the capsule of the white substance fasciculi. Cell differentiation of the intraventricular transplants in comparison with the intramedullary ones takes less time. Manifestation of the glial scar at the borders of the transplant depends on its localization. Perspectives on applying the method of the nervous embryonal tissue transplantation into the brain of mature animals for reconstruction and formation of new centers in order to compensate cerebral defects are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Mesencephalon', 'Nerve Tissue', 'Rats']
| 3,190,466
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['A10.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The binding of drugs to plasma proteins and the interpretation of measurements of plasma concentrations of drugs in patients with poor renal function.
|
The intensity of a drug's action is related to its concentration in plasma water. Since the analytical methods for determining concentrations of drugs in plasma measure this as well as the drug bound to plasma proteins, evaluation of the binding of drugs to plasma proteins is needed for proper interpretation of drug level measurements. Anionic drugs have decreased binding in plasma from patients with renal failure. With some, such as phenytoin, a reduction is required in the levels usually considered "therapeutic" for uremic patients. Basic drugs may have normal or decreased binding. Propranolol, quinidine and tricyclic antidepressants are drugs in this class that have normal binding and that do not require changes in the plasma levels usually considered "therapeutic" for these patients.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Blood Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Protein Binding']
| 851,114
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D12.776.124'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D26'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Release of carrot plasma membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase by phospholipase A2 and activation by a 70 kDa protein.
|
Plasma membranes were isolated from carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells grown in suspension culture and treated with phospholipase A2 from snake or bee venom for 10 min. As a result of this treatment, phosphatidylinositol kinase activity was recovered in the soluble fraction. There was no detectable diacylglycerol kinase or phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase activity released from the membranes after the phospholipase A2 treatment. Treating the plasma membranes with phospholipase C or D did not release PI kinase activity. The phospholipase A2-released PI kinase was activated over 2-fold by a heat stable, soluble 70 kDa protein. The partially purified 70 kDa activator increases the Vmax but does not affect the Km of the phospholipase A2-released PI kinase.
|
['1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Plant Proteins', 'Vegetables']
| 1,311,960
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.550'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E05.481'], ['D10.570'], ['G02.494'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A chronic hypoxic response in photoreceptors alters the vitreous proteome in mice.
|
Reduced oxygenation of the outer retina in the aging eye may activate a chronic hypoxic response in RPE and photoreceptor cells and is considered as a risk factor for the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In mice, a chronically active hypoxic response in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or photoreceptors leads to age-dependent retinal degeneration. To identify proteins that may serve as accessible markers for a chronic hypoxic insult to photoreceptors, we used proteomics to determine the protein composition of the vitreous humor in genetically engineered mice that lack the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (Vhl) specifically in rods (rodÄVhl) or cones (all-coneÄVhl). Absence of VHL leads to constitutively active hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) and thus to a molecular response to hypoxia even in normal room air. To discriminate between the consequences of a local response in photoreceptors and systemic hypoxic effects, we also evaluated the vitreous proteome of wild type mice after exposure to acute hypoxia. 1'043 of the identified proteins were common to all three hypoxia models. 257, 258 and 356 proteins were significantly regulated after systemic hypoxia, in rodÄVhl and in all-coneÄVhl mice, respectively, at least at one of the analyzed time points. Only few of the regulated proteins were shared by the models indicating that the vitreous proteome is differentially affected by systemic hypoxia and the rod or cone-specific hypoxic response. Similarly, the distinct protein compositions in the individual genetic models at early and late time points suggest regulated, cell-specific and time-dependent processes. Among the proteins commonly regulated in the genetic models, guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2) showed elevated levels in the vitreous that were accompanied by increased mRNA expression in the retina of both rodÄVhl and all-coneÄVhl mice. We hypothesize that some of the differentially regulated proteins at early time points may potentially be used as markers for the detection of a chronic hypoxic response of photoreceptors.
|
['Animals', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electroretinography', 'Eye Proteins', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hypoxia', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate', 'Proteome', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Vitreous Body', 'Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein']
| 31,181,196
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['D12.776.306'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['G05.308'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D12.776.260.103.625.750', 'D12.776.930.125.625.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670', 'A08.800.950.937.670', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670'], ['D12.776.817'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['A09.371.714.500'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.875', 'D12.776.624.776.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Local changes in bone marrow at MRI after treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal changes that occur in local bone marrow after radiation therapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with primary STS at the level of a long bone who also had undergone pretreatment MRI and at least one post-treatment MRI of the tumor bed were identified. MRIs of each patient were retrospectively reviewed for new changes in marrow signal in the region of the tumor bed and for the morphology, relative signal intensities, heterogeneity, and progression or regression of changes over time.RESULTS: Focal signal changes in marrow were observed in 26/70 patients (37%) at a median of 9.5 months after RT and/or chemotherapy and diffuse changes in seven (10%) at a median of 8 months. Patients who received neither RT nor chemotherapy did not develop marrow changes. Mean RT doses in patients with changes and those without were 5,867 and 6,076 cGy, respectively. In most patients with focal changes, changes were seen in all sequences and were linear-curvilinear, patchy, or mixed at the level of the tumor bed. Predominant signal intensity of changes was between muscle and fat at T1WI and between muscle and fluid at fat-saturated T2WI or short tau inversion recovery. Most focal changes enhanced heterogeneously and increased or fluctuated in size over time.CONCLUSION: Changes in MRI appearance of long bone marrow frequently are evident after combined RT and chemotherapy for STS and most commonly increase or fluctuate in size over time. These changes have various non-mass-like configurations and often show signal intensities similar to those of red marrow and thus should not be mistaken for metastases. The marrow changes might represent an early stage of gelatinous transformation of marrow.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Marrow', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Contrast Media', 'Disease Progression', 'Extremities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sarcoma', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms']
| 18,704,399
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A15.382.216'], ['E02.186'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['A01.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['C04.588.839']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hyperglycemia reduces the extent of cerebral infarction in rats.
|
Although hyperglycemia is known to exacerbate neuronal injury in the setting of reversible brain ischemia, its effect on irreversible thrombotic infarction is less well understood. In this study, unilateral thrombotic infarction was induced photochemically in the parietal cortex of Wistar rats. Seven days later, brains were perfusion-fixed for light microscopy. Infarct areas were measured by computer-assisted planimetry on multiple coronal sections at 250-micron intervals; these data were integrated to yield infarct volumes. Fasted, normoglycemic rats were compared with hyperglycemic rats that had received 1.2-1.5 ml of 50% dextrose i.p. 15 minutes prior to the induction of infarction. Infarct volume averaged 12.5 +/- 4.0 mm3 (mean +/- SD) in rats (n = 14) with plasma glucose levels of 72-184 mg/dl; this differed statistically from the average volume of 9.3 +/- 3.3 mm3 observed in rats (n = 13) with elevated plasma glucose (range 264-607 mg/dl). Spearman rank correlation analysis confirmed a significant correlation of larger infarct volumes with lower plasma glucose levels. In contrast, rats receiving mannitol i.p. to produce an osmotic load comparable with that of the dextrose-pretreated animals showed larger infarct volumes than saline-treated controls. The small but definite beneficial effect of hyperglycemia in this end-arteriolar thrombotic infarction model is possibly attributable to improved local energy metabolism at the periphery of the lesion during the early period of lesion expansion.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Glucose', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Male', 'Mannitol', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,109,078
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Upregulation of mineralocorticoid- and glucocorticoid-receptor gene expression by Sp-I.
|
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone superfamily of ligand-induced transcription factors. Both activate the human Na/K ATPase alpha1 and beta1 genes transcriptionally. To assess the role of the transcription factor Sp1 and the nuclear factor I (NF-I), in MR- and GR-mediated gene expression using the human Na/K ATPase beta1 full-length promoter, we have examined the functions of Sp-I and NF-I functions in two different cell lines, COS-1 and T-84. By transient transfections we have shown that Sp-I significantly enhances MR and GR expression, whereas NF-I had negligible effect. We propose that the transcriptional enhancement could be through a direct interaction physically between MR or GR with Sp1 that allows other factors to bind the responsive element resulting in synergistic upregulation of transcription.
|
['Animals', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins', 'COS Cells', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'NFI Transcription Factors', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Receptors, Mineralocorticoid', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Sp1 Transcription Factor', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'Up-Regulation', 'Y-Box-Binding Protein 1']
| 10,329,476
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.108.124', 'D12.776.660.167', 'D12.776.930.127.124'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.605', 'D12.776.930.612'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['D12.776.826.750.530'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['D12.776.260.522.750.249', 'D12.776.930.375.750.249'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.937', 'D12.776.660.167.937', 'D12.776.930.127.124.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fungal arthritis of the wrist caused by Candida parapsilosis during infliximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
|
A 60-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis, who had been treated with infliximab, presented with uncontrollable wrist arthritis. Fungal arthritis caused by Candida parapsilosis was confirmed by examining her aspirated joint fluid. Her infliximab therapy was interrupted, and antifungal therapy with fluconazole was started. After the fungal infection had been ameliorated, surgical debridement and arthrodesis of the wrist joint were conducted, and her symptoms completely resolved. Although fungal arthritis is rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of exacerbated monoarthritis in patients treated with biological agents.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Candida', 'Candidiasis', 'Debridement', 'Female', 'Fluconazole', 'Humans', 'Infliximab', 'Middle Aged', 'Wrist Joint']
| 22,350,574
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['C01.150.703.160'], ['E04.176'], ['D03.383.129.799.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.608', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.537', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.642'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.583.405.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Structural sweet spot for A1 adenosine receptor activation by truncated (N)-methanocarba nucleosides: receptor docking and potent anticonvulsant activity.
|
A(1) adenosine receptor (AR) agonists display antiischemic and antiepileptic neuroprotective activity, but peripheral cardiovascular side effects impeded their development. SAR study of N(6)-cycloalkylmethyl 4'-truncated (N)-methanocarba-adenosines identified 10 (MRS5474, N(6)-dicyclopropylmethyl, K(i) = 47.9 nM) as a moderately A(1)AR-selective full agonist. Two stereochemically defined N(6)-methynyl group substituents displayed narrow SAR; groups larger than cyclobutyl greatly reduced AR affinity, and those larger or smaller than cyclopropyl reduced A(1)AR selectivity. Nucleoside docking to A(1)AR homology model characterized distinct hydrophobic cyclopropyl subpockets, the larger "A" forming contacts with Thr270 (7.35), Tyr271 (7.36), Ile274 (7.39), and carbon chains of glutamates (EL2) and the smaller subpocket "B" forming contacts between TM6 and TM7. 10 suppressed minimal clonic seizures (6 Hz mouse model) without typical rotarod impairment of A(1)AR agonists. Truncated nucleosides, an appealing preclinical approach, have more druglike physicochemical properties than other A(1)AR agonists. Thus, we identified highly restricted regions for substitution around N(6) suitable for an A(1)AR agonist with anticonvulsant activity.
|
['Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Nucleosides', 'Protein Conformation', 'Receptor, Adenosine A1', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 22,921,089
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D09.408.595', 'D13.570'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700.100'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A universal PCR primer to detect members of the Potyviridae and its use to examine the taxonomic status of several members of the family.
|
A universal primer (Sprimer: 5'-GGX AAY AAY AGY GGX CAZ CC-3', X = A, G, C or T; Y = T or C; Z = A or G), designed from the consensus sequences that code for the conserved sequence GNNSGQP in the NIb region of members of the family Potyviridae, was used to amplify by RT-PCR the 3'-terminal genome regions from infected plant samples representing 21 different viruses in the family. Sequencing of some of the fragments (c. 1.7 kb) showed that the type strain (ATTC PV-107) of Oat necrotic mottle virus is not a distinct species in the genus Rymovirus, but is synonymous with Brome streak mosaic virus (genus Tritimovirus) and that Celery mosaic virus is a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus not closely related to any other sequenced species. Potyviruses infecting crops in China were also investigated, showing that viruses on cowpea and maize in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province were respectively Bean common mosaic virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus and that one on garlic in Nanjing, Jiangsu province was Onion yellow dwarf virus. Fragments were also sequenced from Chinese isolates of Lettuce mosaic virus and Soybean mosaic virus (from Hangzhou), Turnip mosaic virus (2 different isolates from Zhejiang province) and RNA1 of Wheat yellow mosaic virus (from Rongcheng, Shandong province).
|
['Apiaceae', 'Avena', 'China', 'Consensus Sequence', 'Garlic', 'Mosaic Viruses', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Potyviridae', 'Potyvirus', 'RNA', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Zea mays']
| 11,402,861
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.060'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.100.050.060.300'], ['B04.715.464'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G15.610'], ['B01.650.560'], ['B04.715.635', 'B04.820.578.782'], ['B04.715.464.600', 'B04.715.635.600', 'B04.820.578.782.600'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
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