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SCIRehab Project series: the social work/case management taxonomy.
|
CONTEXT: Social work and case management (SW/CM) are integral components of acute inpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. However, evidence is sparse regarding the impact of SW/CM interventions on outcomes. To advance research on SW/CM clinical practice in SCI rehabilitation, SW/CM providers and researchers first must have standard classifications for SW/CM interventions.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To develop a taxonomy (classification) of the various interventions and services that comprise SW/CM.METHODS: A group of SW/CM clinicians compiled a list of activities performed as routine practice at the participating rehabilitation facilities. These activities were grouped and defined systematically.RESULTS: The resulting taxonomy includes 8 major activity topics (financial planning, discharge planning, discharge services, supportive counseling, information about and referral to peer/advocacy groups, education about SCI and other relevant topics, information about and referral to community/in-house services, and team conferences), which were further stratified into specific content areas. Interactions with the patient, family, or other team members and resources, along with descriptions of the interactions that are applicable to each of the 8 activity topics, were included as well.CONCLUSION: An intervention taxonomy is required to study the SW/CM interventions and the potential association with positive rehabilitation outcomes for patients with SCI. The SW/CM taxonomy developed for the SCIRehab project, which will be used with 1,500 patients admitted to 6 SCIRehab centers over 2.5 years, will provide an infrastructure for such research.
|
['Case Management', 'Classification', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Social Work', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']
| 19,810,635
|
[['N04.590.233.624.250'], ['L01.100', 'L01.453.245.275'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['I01.880.792', 'N02.421.849'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Undergraduate teaching of nuclear medicine in European universities.
|
This paper provides an overview of the curricula of undergraduate training in nuclear medicine in 77 European medical departments and, for comparison, in nine departments outside Europe. The data show a high level of variation in the number of hours (0-62) devoted to nuclear medicine in the different departments. In most cases this teaching is integrated into one of the radiology or clinical modules, and in some cases also into training in clinical physiology. The paper discusses the differences in the particular approaches to nuclear medicine teaching.
|
['Curriculum', 'Data Collection', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Europe', 'Nuclear Medicine', 'Radiology', 'Teaching', 'Universities']
| 12,721,769
|
[['I02.158'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['Z01.542'], ['H02.403.740.500'], ['H02.403.740'], ['I02.903'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Chlorotyrosine exerts renal effects and antagonizes renal and gastric responses to atrial natriuretic peptide.
|
3-Chloro-L-tyrosine (3CT) is an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine synthesis. In vivo inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase results in lower catecholamine levels. 3CT (0.5 mg/kg), administered as a bolus i.v. to anesthetized uninephrectomized rats, elicited increases of 72% and 44% in urinary sodium concentration and volume, respectively, whereas a dose of 1 mg/kg caused increases of 27% and 29%. 3CT, 1 mg/kg, resulted in a 2-fold increase in plasma aldosterone (ALD); 0.5 mg/kg was without significant effect. At a dose of 1 mg/kg 3CT significantly antagonized the renal effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1 by intrarenal infusion), expressed as an enhanced excretion of urine volume (102 +/- 14 vs. 70 +/- 11 microliters/min) and sodium (16.1 +/- 1.8 vs. 11.5 +/- 1.7 microEq/min) and increased osmolar clearance (171 +/- 12 vs. 144 +/- 13 microliters/min). A dose of 0.5 mg/kg of 3CT did not produce these same responses to ANP. The increased urine flow caused by 3CT may reflect reduced norepinephrine synthesis. The inverse dose-effect relationship of 3CT on urine flow rate may result from concomitant depletion of dopamine (DA) and elevated circulating ALD. The antagonism of 3CT on responses to ANP is not at the receptor level, because 3CT did not compete for [125I] ANP binding or inhibit ANP-stimulated guanylate cyclase in kidney cell membranes. It was proposed that the reduced basal sympathetic and renal DA tone, together with the elevated ALD level, account for this antagonism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Diuresis', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Guanylate Cyclase', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Natriuresis', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tyrosine', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 7,910,211
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['G08.852.179'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D08.811.520.650.600', 'D12.644.360.350', 'D12.776.476.350'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G08.852.179.557'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.125.072.050.875'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subpallial amygdala and nucleus taeniae in birds resemble extended amygdala and medial amygdala in mammals in their expression of markers of regional identity.
|
Two regions were recently recognized as subpallial amygdaloid nuclei in birds, the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (TnA) and the newly identified subpallial amygdala (SpA). Here we further confirm these nuclei to be subpallial and amygdaloid and show similarity to specific mammalian subpallial amygdaloid nuclei. By its topological, connectional and neurochemical traits, avian TnA has been suggested to be comparable to mammalian medial amygdala (MeA) and SpA to be comparable to the sublenticular part of mammalian extended amygdala (ExA). We examined molecular traits of these areas using immunohistochemistry for limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) and in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TF II). Mammalian GAD65 is a subpallial marker and was enriched in ExA and MeA. Chick GAD65 was enriched in SpA and TnA, indicating that they are subpallial. LAMP, which is enriched in limbic regions such as mammalian ExA and MeA, was enriched in avian SpA and TnA. COUP-TF II was enriched in mammalian amygdala including MeA and ExA to a lesser extent. In birds, COUP-TF II was enriched in TnA and moderate in SpA. Overlap of these markers confirms avian TnA resembles mammalian MeA and SpA resembles ExA.
|
['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Chickens', 'Columbidae', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glutamate Decarboxylase', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Species Specificity']
| 16,144,611
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Individual growth curves and longitudinal growth charts between 0 and 3 years.
|
From a statistical viewpoint, the construction of longitudinal growth norms involves two classes of problems: (a) the choice of a mathematical function having a few constants as possible, but suitable for describing individual growth process in the growth period of concern; (b) the estimation of the mean growth constants for a homogeneous group of subjects, and of the covariance matrix of data collected longitudinally, to compute tolerance intervals which enable us to draw growth charts. Although growth constants should have some biological interpretation, the choice of functions rests mainly on the criterion of following observed growth as closely as possible. As to the second problem, the simplest situation implies that growth function is linear in the constants and all subjects have measures on the same prefixed occasions: in this case, multivariate Potthoff-Roy model (1964) directly applies. In longitudinal growth studies, however, it happens that subjects do not come for measurements at exactly the age specified: two-stage models seem to be more appropriate to this latter case. They consist of (a) fitting individual growth curve on each subject to obtain estimates of 1st-stage constants; (b) obtaining estimates of 2nd-stage constants, characteristic of the whole group of subjects, in terms of weighted averages of the estimates of the 1st-stage constants. This paper deals with the application of a two-stage model to the growth in length of 203 girls and 217 boys born in Naples between 1977 and 1981. Children, whose growth records are used to trace longitudinal standards, have been measured at birth, and at least 5 times in the course of a follow-up made up of 8 visits, between 3 months and 3 years of life.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Growth', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Italy', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Models, Statistical', 'Reference Standards', 'Reference Values']
| 2,801,109
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.345.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Epidemiology of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in Alberta, Canada, from 1988 to 2007.
|
BACKGROUND: There have only been a few population-based, epidemiologic studies assessing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiology of DFSP in Alberta, Canada, over a 20-year period.METHODS: A population-based, retrospective analysis of all cases of DFSP in Alberta was conducted using data from the Alberta Cancer Registry. Sex-, age-, and anatomical location-specific incidence rates and trends were determined.RESULTS: The overall age-standardized incidence rate of DFSP remained stable at 0.93 per 100,000. DFSP prevalence was highest in individuals aged 20 to 39 (46.8%), followed by those aged 40 to 59 (34.0%), 60 and older (14.7%), and lastly younger than 20 (4.5%). The mean age at diagnosis was 41.1 (women) and 43.1 (men). The incidence of DFSP in men and women has shown a dramatic shift such that incidence in women has increased 3.2% per year, whereas in men it has decreased 2.7% per year. In women, DFSP incidence increased on the trunk and decreased on the upper extremities.CONCLUSION: The age-standardized incidence of DFSP observed is nearly twice as high as previously reported and has remained stable. The incidence is increasing in women and decreasing in men. DFSP primarily affects young to middle-aged adults and most commonly presents on the trunk.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Alberta', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dermatofibrosarcoma', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Ratio', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Torso', 'Upper Extremity', 'Young Adult']
| 22,691,126
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['Z01.107.567.176.064'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350.320', 'C04.557.450.795.350.320'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A01.378.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G05.815', 'I01.240.800.815', 'N01.224.803.815', 'N06.850.505.400.850.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['A01.923'], ['A01.378.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Involvement of Nrf2 and JNK1 in the activation of antioxidant responsive element (ARE) by chemopreventive agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC).
|
PURPOSE: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been of great interest as a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. To better understand its chemopreventive activity, we examined the effect of PEITC on the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), which is an important gene regulatory element of many phase II drug-metabolizing/detoxification enzymes as well as cellular defensive enzymes.METHODS: HeLa cells were transiently transfected with different cDNA plasmids using calcium phosphate precipitation. Subsequently, the cells were maintained in fresh media, and various concentrations of PEITC were added to the transfected cells. After harvesting and lysing of the cells, ARE-luciferase reporter gene activity was measured and normalized against beta-galactosidase activity.RESULTS: Treatments of HeLa cells with PEITC transiently stimulated ARE-reporter gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of wild-type NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) dramatically increased ARE-reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Similar effects were seen when wild-type c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) was transfected, although the transactivating potential of JNK1 was much less than that of Nrf2. Cotransfection of Nrf2 and JNK1 showed additional enhancement of ARE reporter gene expression, implying that JNK1 might be an upstream activator of Nrf2. To support this, overexpression of dominant-negative JNK1 suppressed Nrf2-induced ARE reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. When PEITC was added, slight enhancement of ARE reporter gene expression was observed in either Nrf2- or JNK1-transfected cells. Finally, ARE reporter activity induced by PEITC was substantially attenuated by transfection of either dominant-negative mutant of Nrf2 or dominant-negative mutant of JNK1.CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggest that JNK1 acts as an upstream activator of Nrf2 and that PEITC activates ARE-mediated phase II drug metabolism gene expressions via the JNK1- and Nrf2-dependent pathways.
|
['Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Chemoprevention', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Genes, Reporter', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Isothiocyanates', 'Luciferases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'Response Elements', 'Signal Transduction', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transfection']
| 14,567,627
|
[['D27.505.696.706.018', 'D27.505.954.248.125', 'D27.720.799.018'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['E02.319.162'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.500.375', 'D02.886.250'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374.500', 'D12.644.360.450.340.500', 'D12.776.476.450.340.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.776.260.108.737', 'D12.776.930.127.737'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aerobic kinetoplastid flagellate Phytomonas does not require heme for viability.
|
Heme is an iron-coordinated porphyrin that is universally essential as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress response, or redox reactions in various metabolic pathways. Parasitic kinetoplastid flagellates represent a rare example of organisms that depend on oxidative metabolism but are heme auxotrophs. Here, we show that heme is fully dispensable for the survival of Phytomonas serpens, a plant parasite. Seeking to understand the metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme-containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and examined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been considered indispensable. We found that P. serpens lacks most of the known hemoproteins and does not require heme for electron transport in the respiratory chain, protection against oxidative stress, or desaturation of fatty acids. Although heme is still required for the synthesis of ergosterol, its precursor, lanosterol, is instead incorporated into the membranes of P. serpens grown in the absence of heme. In conclusion, P. serpens is a flagellate with unique metabolic adaptations that allow it to bypass all requirements for heme.
|
['Crithidia fasciculata', 'Electron Transport', 'Ergosterol', 'Fatty Acids', 'Heme', 'Kinetoplastida', 'Lanosterol', 'Models, Biological', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxygen', 'Phylogeny', 'Porphyrins', 'Sterols', 'Trypanosomatina']
| 22,355,128
|
[['B01.268.475.868.110.350'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.537'], ['D10.251'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['B01.268.475'], ['D02.455.849.919.383', 'D04.210.500.247.222.222.347.557', 'D04.210.500.247.808.607', 'D10.570.938.590'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938'], ['B01.268.475.868']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Spherulitic assembly of peptide nanowires via spontaneous crystallization.
|
In this work, the hierarchal arrangement of peptide nanowires was achieved via the spontaneous crystallization of peptide molecules. Peptide molecules, which are structural motifs associated with Alzheimer's disease, assembled into one-dimensional nanowires and spontaneously formed two-dimensional peptide spherulites during crystallization of the peptide melt. The assembly behavior of the peptides could be directed by physically confining the soft mold. Furthermore, a hybrid assembly of small functional molecules, such as photoluminescent Alq3, was also achieved. Our approach offers a simple method for achieving spontaneous long-range crystalline order of building blocks approaching macroscopic dimensions and also a facile hybridization strategy to conjugate biomolecules and functional small molecules.
|
['Crystallization', 'Nanotechnology', 'Nanowires', 'Peptides', 'Phenylalanine']
| 25,958,606
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['J01.637.512.925'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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Visceral fat is associated with elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase in middle-aged Chinese adults.
|
BACKGROUND : Elevation of hepatic enzymes is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity. However, the factors behind elevation of liver enzymes remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the role of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in relation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in middle-aged Chinese adults. METHODS : We performed a cross-sectional study on 959 adults aged 40-65 without hepatitis. VAT and SAT were measured at the level of L4-L5 by MRI. Pearson correlation and linear regression were performed to assess the association of VAT/SAT with serum ALT and GGT. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of VAT and SAT with high ALT (?40 U/L) and high GGT (?35 U/L). RESULTS: VAT had higher correlation coefficient r with ALT and GGT than SAT. VAT, but not SAT, was associated with ALT (males: â=0.15, p=0.01; females: â=0.17, p=0.02) and GGT (males: â=0.39, p<0.0001) in linear regression. VAT remained to be associated with GGT in males (â=0.33, p=0.0001) when was further adjusted. Logistic regression showed that VAT was associated with elevated GGT (OR=2.218, p=0.043) in males but not in females and no such association was observed for SAT. CONCLUSIONS: Increased VAT, but not SAT, was associated with elevation of hepatic enzymes including ALT and GGT. Moreover, VAT was associated with elevated GGT independent of insulin resistance and subcutaneous fat in males.
|
['Alanine Transaminase', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 30,523,069
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.500'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Consequences of in utero caffeine exposure on respiratory output in normoxic and hypoxic conditions and related changes of Fos expression: a study on brainstem-spinal cord preparations isolated from newborn rats.
|
Several aspects of the central regulation of respiratory control have been investigated on brainstem-spinal cord preparations isolated from newborn rats whose dam was given 0.02% caffeine in water as drinking fluid during the whole period of pregnancy. Analysis of the central respiratory drive estimated by the recording of C4 ventral root activity was correlated to Fos ponto-medullary expression. Under normoxic conditions, preparations obtained from the caffeine-treated group of animals displayed a higher respiratory frequency than observed in the control group (9.2 +/- 0.5 versus 7.2 +/- 0.6 burst/min). A parallel Fos detection tends to indicate that the changes of the respiratory rhythm may be due to a decrease in neuronal activity of medullary structures such as the ventrolateral subdivision of the solitary tract, the area postrema, and the nucleus raphe obscurus. Under hypoxic conditions, the preparations displayed a typical hypoxic respiratory depression associated with changes in the medullary Fos expression pattern. In addition, the hypoxic respiratory depression is clearly emphasized after in utero exposure to caffeine and coincides with an increased Fos expression in the area postrema and nucleus raphe obscurus, two structures in which it is not increased in the absence of caffeine. Taken together, these results support the idea that in utero caffeine exposure could affect central respiratory control.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain Stem', 'Caffeine', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Medulla Oblongata', 'Pons', 'Pregnancy', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Respiratory Center', 'Spinal Cord', 'Uterus']
| 12,538,785
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.772.646'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid identification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in neuromuscular disorders by using surveyor strategy.
|
Mutations of mitochondrial genome are responsible for respiratory chain defects in numerous patients. We have used a strategy, based on the use of a mismatch-specific DNA endonuclease named " Surveyor Nuclease", for screening the entire mtDNA in a group of 50 patients with neuromuscular features, suggesting a respiratory chain dysfunction. We identified mtDNA mutations in 20% of patients (10/50). Among the identified mutations, four are not found in any mitochondrial database and have not been reported previously. We also confirm that mtDNA polymorphisms are frequently found in a heteroplasmic state (15 different polymorphisms were identified among which five were novel).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Endonucleases', 'Female', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'Neuromuscular Diseases', 'Pedigree']
| 18,078,792
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['D08.811.277.352.355'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.452.660'], ['C10.668'], ['E05.393.673']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The amber theory of Lyme arthritis: initial description and clinical implications.
|
Lyme arthritis differs in many respects from other bacterial causes of arthritis. Based on an observation made for a patient with Lyme arthritis, we propose that the pathogenesis of joint swelling in Lyme arthritis is due to the introduction into the joint space of non-viable spirochetes or more likely spirochetal debris enmeshed in a host-derived fibrinous or collagenous matrix. This "amber" hypothesis can account for the clinical and laboratory features of Lyme arthritis and is amenable to experimental validation. Validation would directly impact the clinical management of patients with Lyme arthritis.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biofilms', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', 'Collagen', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Joint Diseases', 'Joints', 'Lyme Disease', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Rheumatology']
| 22,411,576
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193.150.125', 'B03.851.595.193.150.125'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C05.550'], ['A02.835.583'], ['C01.150.252.400.536', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250', 'C01.920.930.513'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599'], ['H02.403.429.730']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Management of voiding dysfunction in elderly patients: prognosis 1 year after discharge from hospital].
|
We investigated how 293 elderly patients who had been successfully treated to be free of catheters or diapers managed to urinate one year after their discharge from our hospital. Of 192 patients who returned to their own home 154 (80%) had good activities in daily life (ADL), and of 101 who moved to a nursing home or other hospital only 7 (7%) had good ADL. Among the 192 in their own home, 151 (79%) remained free of catheters or diapers thanks to the home care services provided by trained nurses belonging to our hospital. However, among the 101 at other facilities 21 (21%) could avoid these appliances. Furthermore, those who stayed in their own home with poor ADL had a significantly higher rate of being independent of catheters or diapers (34%) compared to those who lived in facilities other than their home with poor ADL (13%). These findings indicate that the elderly patients who reside in their own home or have good ADL possess a better chance of avoiding catheters or diapers compared to those who live in other than their residence or have poor ADL, and that continued urological care coupled with the home-visiting services is effective and important in attaining these aims.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Incontinence Pads', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Discharge', 'Prognosis', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Urination Disorders']
| 7,832,082
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.325.068.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The histopathology of polymicrogyria: a series of 71 brain autopsy studies.
|
AIM: Polymicrogyria (PMG) is one of the most common forms of cortical malformation yet the mechanism of its development remains unknown. This study describes the histopathological aspects of PMG in a large series including a significant proportion of fetal cases.METHOD: We have reviewed the neuropathology and medical records of 44 fetuses and 27 children and adults in whom the cortical architecture was focally or diffusely replaced by one or more festooning bands of neurons.RESULTS: The pial surface of the brain overlying the polymicrogyric cortex was abnormal in almost 90% of cases irrespective of the aetiology. This accords with animal studies indicating the importance of the leptomeninges in cortical development. The aetiology of PMG was highly heterogeneous and there was no correlation between cortical layering patterns and aetiology. PMG was almost always associated with other brain malformations.INTERPRETATION: The inclusion of many fetal cases has allowed us to examine the early developmental stages of PMG. The study indicates the significance of surface signals responsible for human corticogenesis and the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors leading to this common endpoint of cortical maldevelopment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Autopsy', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Polymicrogyria', 'Young Adult']
| 26,179,148
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.500.507.500.500', 'C16.131.666.507.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Repair of posttraumatic hand defects in children].
|
The experience with the use of a method of distraction for reconstruction of 98 digits in 37 patients with amputation defects has been summarized. Lengthening of the digits by 3-7 cm was achieved. This permitted to improve considerably the function and cosmetic appearance of a damaged hand.
|
['Adolescent', 'Amputation, Traumatic', 'Bone Lengthening', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Finger Injuries', 'Hand Deformities, Acquired', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Surgery, Plastic']
| 8,301,957
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C26.062'], ['E04.555.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C26.448.429'], ['C05.390.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the ultrastructure of the rat ventral prostate.
|
To evaluate the effects of active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on the ultrastructure of the rat ventral prostate, male Sprague-Dawley rats received three consecutive intramuscular injections of 10 micrograms/100 g body weight (D-Lys6)-GnRH-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (GnRH-DT vaccine). Following immunization, test animals developed sufficiently high antibody titres to block the pituitary gonadal axis. Consequently testosterone values dropped to the levels in castrates. This therapy leads to atrophy of the prostate. Following immunization a strong immunological response, indicating the presence of considerable amounts of a GnRH-like peptide, was observed in the ventral prostates as early as 14 days after the first injection of GnRH-DT. Immunoneutralisation of GnRH-like activity may contribute to the effects observed.
|
['Animals', 'Diphtheria Toxoid', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Prostate', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Conjugate']
| 7,974,913
|
[['B01.050'], ['D20.215.894.691.263'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.865.900', 'D23.050.865.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Extramedullary haematopoiesis: report of two cases].
|
Extramedullary haematopoiesis is a physiologic response to chronic anaemia, commonly observed in various haematological disorders. This phenomenon is habitually asymptomatic but it may induce compression of adjacent organs such as the spinal cord. We present the cases of two patients suffering from chronic anaemia, who developed foci of ectopic hematopoiesis, and we discuss through a review of literature, the presentation and the management of this disease, with focus on the role of decompressive radiotherapy.
|
['Abdomen', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anemia', 'Hematologic Diseases', 'Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Splenectomy', 'Thalassemia', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 17,714,971
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071'], ['C15.378'], ['G04.152.825.463', 'G09.188.343.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E04.726'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875', 'C15.378.420.826', 'C16.320.070.875', 'C16.320.365.826'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Thermal enhancement of ACNU and potentiation of thermochemotherapy with ACNU by hypertonic glucose in the BT4An rat glioma.
|
Hyperthermia increases the cytotoxicity of the nitrosourea BCNU (carmustine). Glucose given before treatment may further increase the value of thermochemotherapy, presumably by lowering tumour pH through blood flow reduction. The water-soluble ACNU (nimustine) is an alternative to other nitrosoureas in the treatment of gliomas. The drug is soluble without use of ethanol, and the eye complications when given intra-arterially are reduced compared with similar use of BCNU. The influence of simultaneous hyperthermia on treatment with ACNU, and the value of glucose administered before thermochemotherapy therefore were investigated in the malignant rat glioma BT4An. BD IX rats with subcutaneous BT4An tumours on the hind leg were treated with ACNU (i.p.), or ACNU and locally applied waterbath hyperthermia (44 degrees C for 45 min), with or without previous glucose (6 g/kg i.p. 2 hours before treatment). ACNU (10 or 20 mg/kg) alone and ACNU (20 mg/kg) after previous glucose did not influence tumour growth, compared to the controls. Simultaneous ACNU (10 mg/kg) and hyperthermia clearly was more effective than treatment with hyperthermia alone. Glucose load before treatment further enhanced the effect of combined ACNU and hyperthermia. Glucose before treatment did not change local toxicity or weight profiles of treatment with ACNU alone, or simultaneous ACNU and hyperthermia. Glucose load therefore represented a therapeutic gain when administered before thermochemotherapy with ACNU.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Carmustine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Drug Synergism', 'Glioma', 'Glucose', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Hypertonic Solutions', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Nimustine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,895,166
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D02.065.950.594.247', 'D02.654.692.247'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.300'], ['E02.565'], ['D26.776.314'], ['E05.624'], ['D02.065.950.594.550', 'D02.654.692.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['C11.768'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cisplatin sensitivity is enhanced in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2.
|
BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been believed to be related with chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies have suggested eIF5A-2 may function as a proliferation-related oncogene in tumorigenic processes.METHODS: We used cell viability assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence, transwell-matrigel invasion assay, wound-healing assay combined with GC7 (a novel eIF5A-2 inhibitor) treatment or siRNA interference to investigate the role of eIF5A-2 playing in NSCLC chemotherapy.RESULTS: We found low concentrations of GC7 have little effect on NSCLC viability, but could enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells. GC7 also could reverse mesenchymal phenotype in NCI-H1299 and prevented A549 cells undergoing EMT after TGF-â1 inducement. eIF5A-2 knockdown resulted in EMT inhibition.CONCLUSION: Our data indicated GC7 enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity and prevents the EMT in NSCLC cells by inhibiting eIF5A-2.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cadherins', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Survival', 'Cisplatin', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Drug Synergism', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Gene Silencing', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors', 'Peptide Initiation Factors', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Vimentin']
| 25,380,840
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G04.356.500'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D08.811.682.662'], ['D12.776.835.725'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
What is being measured, and by whom? Facilitation of communication on technical measures amongst competent authorities in the implementation of the European Union Broiler Directive (2007/43/EC).
|
The European Union (EU) Broiler Directive (2007/43/EC) is unique amongst current EU Directives, which address animal welfare, in that it uses outcome data collected at abattoirs and on farm to monitor on-farm broiler welfare and vary the maximum permitted stocking density on farm. In this study, we describe how, by bringing together personnel from the competent authorities in 22 member states (MSs) who have responsibility for implementing the Directive, and engaging in exchange of information and technical methods regarding the Broiler Directive, it has been possible to identify differences in approach with regard to 'what data is being collected, and by whom' across EU MSs. Online questionnaires and workshop exercises enabled us to identify priority areas for knowledge transfer and training. For example, foot pad dermatitis, hock burn, dead on arrival and total rejections (birds rejected as unfit for human consumption by the meat inspection staff at slaughter) were identified by the MSs as measures of medium-to-low priority in terms of knowledge transfer because there are assessment methods for these conditions that are already well accepted by competent authorities. On the other hand, breast lesions, cellulitis, emaciation, joint lesions, respiratory problems, scratches, wing fractures and a number of environmental measures were identified as having high priority in terms of knowledge transfer. The study identified that there is significant variability in the stage of implementation between MSs, and responses from the participating MSs indicated that sharing of guidance and technical information between MSs may be of value in the future set-up process for those MSs engaged in implementation of the Directive.
|
['Abattoirs', 'Animal Husbandry', 'Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'European Union', 'Food Inspection', 'Humans', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Poultry Products']
| 26,278,785
|
[['J01.576.423.200.700.100', 'J03.540.020'], ['J01.040.090'], ['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['I01.615.500.475'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.500', 'N06.850.601.500.500', 'N06.850.780.200.800.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C22.131.728'], ['G07.203.300.600.750.500', 'J02.500.600.750.500']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cost-effective multiplication of the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (F) Samson.
|
Cost-effective and rapid multiplication of Nomuraea rileyi is reported. The spore yields in semi-synthetic media were comparable or significantly higher to the standard medium. Maltose and peptone, carbon and nitrogen sources could be effectively replaced with 2% barley extract and 1% soybean extract respectively. However, replacement of yeast extract with dry yeast resulted in lower spore yields. Sporulation of the fungus multiplied on solid substrate was possible only when the bags used had a 0.2 microm filter to facilitate passive exchange of sterile air. A high spore yield of 2.8 x 10(9)/g of substrate was realized on crushed sorghum.
|
['Animals', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Culture Media', 'Hordeum', 'Insecta', 'Mitosporic Fungi', 'Pest Control, Biological', 'Soybeans', 'Spodoptera']
| 11,502,062
|
[['B01.050'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['B01.300.381'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.650'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Humanization in health care: knowledge disseminated in Brazilian nursing literature].
|
This qualitative research aims to analyze the scientific production about "humane health care/nursing", understanding what views on humanization have been developing. A bibliographic survey was carried out, covering the period from the end of the 1950's until today, in the periodicals Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, Revista Paulista de Hospitais and Texto e Contexto, examining 42 articles, which were then subject to analysis and integrative synthesis. The issue has been developing from a charitable perspective to the current preoccupation with the valuation of health as a civil right, inserted in a political health project. Articles from all decades reveal the need to invest in workers, valuing the subjective dimension. Nevertheless, humanization receives little attention in education. Care humanization supposes the meeting of subjects who share knowledge, power and experiences, implying political, administrative and subjective transformations.
|
['Bibliometrics', 'Brazil', 'Humanism', 'Humans', 'Nursing']
| 15,761,588
|
[['L01.178.682.099.325', 'L01.453.183.291'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['K01.752.566.479.174', 'N05.350.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.478', 'N04.452.758.377']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Intracellular Binding Site for a Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D1 Receptor.
|
The binding site for DETQ [2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-((1S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethan-1-one], a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the dopamine D1 receptor, was identified and compared with the binding site for CID 2886111 [N-(6-tert-butyl-3-carbamoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxamide], a reference D1 PAM. From D1/D5 chimeras, the site responsible for potentiation by DETQ of the increase in cAMP in response to dopamine was narrowed down to the N-terminal intracellular quadrant of the receptor; arginine-130 in intracellular loop 2 (IC2) was then identified as a critical amino acid based on a human/rat species difference. Confirming the importance of IC2, a â2-adrenergic receptor construct in which the IC2 region was replaced with its D1 counterpart gained the ability to respond to DETQ. A homology model was built from the agonist-state â2-receptor structure, and DETQ was found to dock to a cleft created by IC2 and adjacent portions of transmembrane helices 3 and 4 (TM3 and TM4). When residues modeled as pointing into the cleft were mutated to alanine, large reductions in the potency of DETQ were found for Val119 and Trp123 (flanking the conserved DRY sequence in TM3), Arg130 (located in IC2), and Leu143 (TM4). The D1/D5 difference was found to reside in Ala139; changing this residue to methionine as in the D5 receptor reduced the potency of DETQ by approximately 1000-fold. None of these mutations affected the activity of CID 2886111, indicating that it binds to a different allosteric site. When combined, DETQ and CID 2886111 elicited a supra-additive response in the absence of dopamine, implying that both PAMs can bind to the D1 receptor simultaneously.
|
['Allosteric Regulation', 'Allosteric Site', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Dopamine', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Isoquinolines', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1']
| 30,111,649
|
[['G02.111.044'], ['G02.111.570.120.147'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of a corrugated channel on the retentive properties of an obturator-reinforced composite resin dowel-core system.
|
A study was conducted to compare the retentive properties of the obturator-reinforced composite resin dowel and core systems with and without corrugated dentin surfaces in the dowel channels. A commercially available tap with a diameter of about 1.4 mm and a thread groove depth of 100 micron was used to accomplish this dentin roughening. To compare whether methods of placement affect the retentive capacities of this dowel and core system, a Lentulo spiral, Jiffy tube, and Centrix C-R syringe were used to insert the resin mixes into the corrugated channels. The following conclusions can be drawn. By corrugating or roughening the dentin surface of the prepared channel, the retentive properties of this dowel and core system are significantly increased. In this system using minimal amounts of composite resin, the three methods of placement exhibited no significant difference in retention. The retentive failure seemed to occur at the resin-tooth interface. Increasing the degree of corrugation (deeper grooves) increased the retention, but caution must be exercised to prevent weakening the tooth.
|
['Crowns', 'Dental Instruments', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Dentin', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Incisor', 'Post and Core Technique']
| 6,368,804
|
[['E06.780.346.250', 'E07.695.190.088'], ['E06.186.501', 'E07.222.501'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['E06.308'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['E06.780.346.250.500', 'E07.695.190.088.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sudden death associated with intravenous injection of toad extract.
|
A 24-year-old male died suddenly following the intravenous injection of what was believed to be the ring-derivate amphetamine 'ecstasy' (MDMA). Toxicological analyses of the victim's blood and the injected material, however, failed to reveal MDMA, but showed instead low levels of bufotenine, a tryptamine derivative alkaloid found in the secretions of various toads. In addition, resibufogenin, cinobufagin and bufalin, bufadienolides that are also found in toad venom, were identified in the injected material. While these substances also occur in certain South American plants, the finding of paracetamol, promethazine and diclofenac would be in keeping with ingredients found in the traditional Chinese herbal product Chan Su that derives from the skin glands and secretions of toads and that is often adulterated with standard pharmaceutical drugs. This case demonstrates the problems that users and sellers may encounter from the unknown composition of street drugs and herbal medicines, and the danger that may be incurred from the injection of such materials. It also shows the difficulties that may be associated with attempting to identify low levels of organic toxins in postmortem specimens necessitating a targeted screening approach guided by information obtained at the death scene.
|
['Amphibian Venoms', 'Animals', 'Anura', 'Bufanolides', 'Bufotenin', 'Death, Sudden', 'Forensic Toxicology', 'Hallucinogens', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine', 'Young Adult']
| 19,303,230
|
[['D20.888.033', 'D23.946.833.033'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.064'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.237.150', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814.150', 'D20.888.033.163', 'D23.946.833.033.163'], ['C23.550.260.322'], ['H01.158.891.424', 'H02.884.424', 'I01.198.780.968'], ['D27.505.696.388', 'D27.505.954.427.700.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.670'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Early Childhood Disadvantage for Sons of Mexican Immigrants: Body Mass Index Across Ages 2-5.
|
PURPOSE: To distinguish the origins of higher weight status and determine when and why intra- and interracial/ethnic disparities emerge.DESIGN: The study used a longitudinal analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B).SETTING: The study was conducted in the United States.SUBJECTS: Participants were children of non-Hispanic white mothers and children of U.S.- and foreign-born mothers of Mexican origin from a nationally representative sample of children born in the year 2001 (N ? 3700).MEASURES: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts determined sex- and age-specific weight status. Covariates were obtained from birth certificate records and parent interviews.ANALYSIS: Frequencies, growth curve trajectories, and ordinary least squares regression examined body mass index (BMI) and obesity across survey waves.RESULTS: Compared to their peers with non-Hispanic white mothers, children of Mexican-heritage mothers have higher average BMI and greater rates of obesity. The BMI of boys with Mexican-born mothers is higher relative to whites and children of U.S.-born Mexican mothers across early childhood, increasing sharply at about age 4.5 years. This divergence is driven by increases in the BMI of boys, as girls do not show the same growth. A number of measures, including descriptors of children's nutritional intake, lifestyle factors, and acculturation, do not explain the increased obesity rates among sons of Mexican mothers.CONCLUSION: Despite favorable perinatal health and weight, Mexican-American sons of foreign-born mothers show disadvantages in BMI that emerge close to the start of kindergarten.
|
['Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Child, Preschool', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mexican Americans', 'Obesity', 'United States']
| 26,305,614
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.189'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.686.754.441.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
An immunohistochemical study on the development of progastricsin-immunoreactive cells in the bovine abomasal mucosa.
|
The development of progastricsin-immunoreactive cells in the abomasal mucosa of cattle fetuses was studied by immunohistochemistry. Progastricsin-immunoreactive cells were detected first in the fundic and pyloric regions of 52 cm in crown-rump length (CRL) fetuses (about 180 days of gestation). The frequency of occurrence of progastricsin-immunoreactive cells and the intensity of their immunoreactivity increased with the progress of gestation, but most of these immunoreactivities were restricted to the basal portion of the fundic and pyloric glands. After birth, in the fundic mucosa, progastricsin immunoreactivities were found not only in the chief cells but also in the surface mucous cells of the gastric pits. In the cow, the immunoreactivity of the surface mucous cells was even stronger than that of the chief cells. In the pyloric mucosa, progastricsin immunoreactivities were found in the gastric pits and in the basal portion of the pyloric glands, but they were organized in small groups and showed a patchy distribution in the basal portions.
|
['Abomasum', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Chymosin', 'Enzyme Precursors', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Pepsinogens', 'Pregnancy']
| 7,612,956
|
[['A13.869.106'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.200', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.200'], ['D08.622', 'D12.776.811.243'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A10.615.550'], ['D08.622.509', 'D12.776.811.243.509'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates.
|
Detailed and comprehensive geometric data of vertebrae endplates is important and necessary to improve the fidelity of finite element models of the spine, design and ameliorate spinal implants, and understand degenerative changes and biomechanics. In this protocol, a high-speed and highly accurate scanner is employed to convert morphology data of endplate surfaces into a digital point cloud. In the software system, the point cloud is further processed and reconstructed into three dimensions. Then, a measurement protocol is performed, involving a 3D coordinate system defined to make each point a 3D coordinate, three sagittal and three frontal surface curves that are symmetrically fitted on the endplate surface, and 11 equidistant points that are selected in each curve. Measurement and spatial analyses are finally performed to obtain geometric data of the endplates. Parametric equations representing the morphology of curves and surfaces are fitted based on the characteristic points. The suggested protocol, which is modular, provides an accurate and reproducible method to obtain geometric data of vertebral endplates and may assist in more sophisticated morphological studies in the future. It will also contribute to designing personalized spinal implants, planning surgical acts, making clinical diagnoses, and developing accurate finite element models.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Spine']
| 31,609,326
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A02.835.232.834']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by docetaxel in peripheral mononuclear cells and its expression in lung cancer.
|
Several recent studies have demonstrated that the cytochrome p450 (CYP) family plays an important role in the metabolism of taxanes. However, the role of CYP gene expression in tumors and peripheral mononuclear cells (PMN) is unknown. We therefore investigated the levels of CYP3A4 and CYP2C gene expression using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in PMN from 16 previously untreated lung cancer patients to determine whether the expression of the two genes is induced by docetaxel (TXT). Neither the CYP3A4 nor the CYP2C gene was induced after administration of carboplatin (CBDCA) alone. Expression of the CYP3A4 gene was induced by the administration of TXT alone or TXT and CBDCA, but expression of the CYP2C gene was unaffected. We also measured the expression of both genes using RT-PCR in 20 autopsy samples (ten non-small-cell lung cancers and their corresponding normal lung tissues) obtained from patients who had not received any chemotherapy during life. The level of CYP2C gene expression in samples of lung cancer was significantly higher than in normal lung tissue, but the level of CYP3A4 gene expression was not. These results suggest that the CYP3A4 gene is induced by TXT, and that it plays an important role in intracellular TXT metabolism.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Docetaxel', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Paclitaxel', 'Taxoids']
| 11,488,523
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
MRCOG Part Two: Facing the viva.
|
The viva examination has two parts: the clinical and the viva voce. This article presents practical advice on how best to approach what is rightly felt by many to be the most hazardous part of the MRCOG Part Two examination.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Gynecology', 'Licensure', 'Obstetrics', 'Societies, Medical', 'United Kingdom']
| 1,591,550
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['H02.403.763.750', 'H02.403.810.310'], ['N03.706.110.510', 'N05.700.200.450'], ['H02.403.810.450'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A comparison between flow cytometric ploidy investigation and chromosome analysis of 32 human colorectal tumors.
|
The correlation between flow cytometric ploidy investigation and classic chromosome analysis was studied in 32 human colorectal tumors. Flow cytometry was performed by nuclei isolation and DNA staining with ethidium bromide. Chromosome analysis was done after incubation with colcemid. In 12 cases, chromosome identification was possible by grouping according to the Denver system or by Q-banding. Generally, the measured DNA content corresponded well with the content expected from chromosome analysis, giving an average difference of 4%. In nine tumors, the measured DNA content was 4-18% higher than expected. Some of these discrepancies could be due to difficulties in identifying the corresponding cell populations in heterogeneous tumors. However, in general the number of cell populations and their quantitative representation by the two methods were statistically well correlated. The results indicate that flow cytometric ploidy investigation of colorectal tumors with the present technique is a reliable method, but also that a combination of both techniques may yield additional information about tumor cytogenetics.
|
['Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cytogenetics', 'DNA', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Ploidies', 'Rectal Neoplasms']
| 3,731,957
|
[['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['H01.158.273.343.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.700'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurologic complications of pediatric systemic malignancies.
|
From 1991 to 1995, we reviewed the medical records of 200 pediatric patients with systemic malignancies to study the occurrence of neurologic complications and their treatment. A total of 25 patients with neurologic complications were found. Complications included intracranial metastasis (one patient), intraspinal metastasis (one), spinal epidural compressions (three), leptomeningeal metastases (six), metabolic encephalopathy (10), opportunistic infection (one), cerebrovascular disorders (three), treatment complications (six) and paraneoplastic syndromes (two). Ten patients had seizures. One patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had the unusual complication of cytomegalovirus retinitis and glaucoma. Seven patients had neurologic features at presentation. ALL was the most common malignancy (56%) and neuroblastoma (20%) was the second. Neurologic deficits are frequently seen in pediatric patients with systemic malignancies and can, in fact, be the presenting signs. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent further neurologic disability.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brain Diseases', 'Central Nervous System Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Taiwan']
| 8,857,252
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C10.228.140'], ['C04.588.614.250', 'C10.551.240'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mechanical stress is communicated between different cell types to elicit matrix remodeling.
|
Tissue remodeling often reflects alterations in local mechanical conditions and manifests as an integrated response among the different cell types that share, and thus cooperatively manage, an extracellular matrix. Here we examine how two different cell types, one that undergoes the stress and the other that primarily remodels the matrix, might communicate a mechanical stress by using airway cells as a representative in vitro system. Normal stress is imposed on bronchial epithelial cells in the presence of unstimulated lung fibroblasts. We show that (i) mechanical stress can be communicated from stressed to unstressed cells to elicit a remodeling response, and (ii) the integrated response of two cell types to mechanical stress mimics key features of airway remodeling seen in asthma: namely, an increase in production of fibronectin, collagen types III and V, and matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9) (relative to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, TIMP-1). These observations provide a paradigm to use in understanding the management of mechanical forces on the tissue level.
|
['Bronchi', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Collagen', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Early Growth Response Protein 1', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Immediate-Early Proteins', 'Lung', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1', 'Transcription Factors']
| 11,353,845
|
[['A04.411.125'], ['G04.085'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.260.158.500', 'D12.776.460.525.500', 'D12.776.930.213.500'], ['A11.436'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.460', 'D12.776.964.925.968'], ['A04.411'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D12.776.645.875.450'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Bayesian estimation approach for the mortality in a stage-structured demographic model.
|
Control interventions in sustainable pest management schemes are set according to the phenology and the population abundance of the pests. This information can be obtained using suitable mathematical models that describe the population dynamics based on individual life history responses to environmental conditions and resource availability. These responses are described by development, fecundity and survival rate functions, which can be estimated from laboratory experiments. If experimental data are not available, data on field population dynamics can be used for their estimation. This is the case of the extrinsic mortality term that appears in the mortality rate function due to biotic factors. We propose a Bayesian approach to estimate the probability density functions of the parameters in the extrinsic mortality rate function, starting from data on population abundance. The method investigates the time variability in the mortality parameters by comparing simulated and observed trajectories. The grape berry moth, a pest of great importance in European vineyards, has been considered as a case study. Simulated data have been considered to evaluate the convergence of the algorithm, while field data have been used to obtain estimates of the mortality for the grape berry moth.
|
['Animals', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Computer Simulation', 'Insect Control', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Biological', 'Mortality', 'Moths', 'Population Dynamics']
| 28,130,570
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['L01.224.160'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The quantitative evaluation of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program based on science mapping and scientometric analysis.
|
The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program is one of the most important initiatives in translational medical funding. The quantitative evaluation of the efficiency and performance of the CTSA program has a significant referential meaning for the decision making of global translational medical funding. Using science mapping and scientometric analytic tools, this study quantitatively analyzed the scientific articles funded by the CTSA program. The results of the study showed that the quantitative productivities of the CTSA program had a stable increase since 2008. In addition, the emerging trends of the research funded by the CTSA program covered clinical and basic medical research fields. The academic benefits from the CTSA program were assisting its members to build a robust academic home for the Clinical and Translational Science and to attract other financial support. This study provided a quantitative evaluation of the CTSA program based on science mapping and scientometric analysis. Further research is required to compare and optimize other quantitative methods and to integrate various research results.
|
['Awards and Prizes', 'Bibliometrics', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Humans', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Program Evaluation', 'Research Support as Topic', 'Time Factors', 'Translational Medical Research']
| 24,330,689
|
[['K01.150'], ['L01.178.682.099.325', 'L01.453.183.291'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N03.219.483.645'], ['G01.910.857'], ['H01.770.644.145.675']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Liver support in fulminant liver failure after hemorrhagic shock.
|
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare clinical syndrome associated with a mortality of up to 80% and its management remains an interdisciplinary challenge. Despite recent improvements in intensive care management, the mortality of patients with ALF remains high and is related to complications such as cerebral edema, sepsis and multiple organ failure. Emergency orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is currently the only effective treatment for those patients who are unlikely to recover spontaneously. Nevertheless, OLT is not always possible because of the shortage of the organs and/or complications related to ALF. Newly introduced liver-assist devices can temporarily support the patient's liver until native liver recovers or can serve as a bridging device until a liver graft is available. The support devices use both cell-based and non-cell-based techniques. One of the latest non-cell-based extracorporeal hepatic support devices, the molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS), is based on the concept of albumin dialysis. MARS utilises selective hemodiafiltration with countercurrent albumin dialysis aiming to selectively remove both water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins of the low and middle molecular-weight range. We report on a young patient who presented with clinical symptoms of ischemic hepatitis and multi-organ failure (APACHE II score 38-->predicted postoperative mortality 87%) due to prolonged hemorrhagic shock. OLT was contraindicated because of history of pancreas cancer with metastases. It was necessary to use aggressive conservative therapy and an extracorporeal liver-assist device until liver regeneration began and hemodynamic conditions were stable. The patient underwent five treatments with MARS. During the treatment, there were improvements of hemodynamics, respiratory function, acid-base disturbances and laboratory parameters. The plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green, a parameter of dynamic liver function, improved during MARS treatment. Although repeated neurological examination predicted diffuse brain damage (brain oedema, decreased cerebral blood flow), the patient recovered without any neurological deficits. The patient survived and was discharged from the hospital in good condition. In this case MARS treatment was successful in supporting the patient through the most critical period of ALF.
|
['APACHE', 'Adolescent', 'Critical Care', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Insulinoma', 'Liver Failure', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Liver, Artificial', 'Male', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Respiration', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic', 'Time Factors']
| 14,531,174
|
[['E05.318.308.980.438.475.365', 'E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500.250', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500.250'], ['M01.060.057'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.035.100.852', 'C04.588.274.761.249.500', 'C04.588.322.475.249.500', 'C06.301.761.249.500', 'C06.689.667.249.500', 'C19.344.421.249.500'], ['C06.552.308.500'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E07.858.082.620'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['C23.550.767'], ['G09.772.705'], ['C23.550.414.980', 'C23.550.835.650'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography for the prerupture diagnosis of rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy.
|
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography were used for the differential diagnosis and preoperative planning of a 17 weeks of age rudimentary horn pregnancy. A 26-year-old primigravida was referred to our hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. After an inconclusive ultrasound evaluation we were able to identify a rudimentary horn pregnancy, extent of the placental invasion, and the vascular supply via MR imaging and time of flight sequence MR angiography. The obtained data were also used for preoperative planning, which resulted in an uncomplicated, prerupture laparotomy for pregnancy termination and a healthy female.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Abdominal', 'Radiography', 'Uterus']
| 15,690,621
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733.536'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Stabilisation of SWNTs by alkyl-sulfate chitosan derivatives of different molecular weight: towards the preparation of hybrids with anticoagulant properties.
|
We have previously demonstrated that chitosan derivative N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan (NOSC), which presents important pharmacological properties, can suspend single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) up to 20 times more effectively than other chitosan derivatives in an aqueous environment. In an attempt to further investigate the impact of different molecular weights of chitosan to the solubilization and anticoagulant properties of these hybrids an array of NOSC derivatives varying their molecular weight (low, medium and high respectively) was synthesised and characterised by means of FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Microwave and nitric acid purified SWNTs, characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy, were colloidally stabilised by these polymers and their anticoagulant activity was assessed. The results revealed that the low molecular weight NOSC coated SWNTs exhibit the highest activity when 0.5 mg mL(-1) NOSC solutions are used, activity which is similar to that of the free polymer. Preliminary studies by exposure of these hybrids to Brine Shrimp (Artemia) cysts revealed no effect on the viability of sub-adult Artemia. Our findings suggest the possibility of tailoring these nanomaterials to bear the required properties for application as biocompatible building blocks for nanodevices including biosensors and biomaterials.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Chitosan', 'Excipients', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Molecular Weight', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Particle Size']
| 21,258,715
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.494'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['G02.712']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bidirectional child-family influences on outcomes of traumatic brain injury in children.
|
Child behavior problems, injury-related family burden, and parent psychological distress were assessed longitudinally over the first year post injury in 40 children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), 52 with moderate TBI, and 55 with orthopedic injuries not involving brain insult. Parents rated children's preinjury behavior soon after injury. Postinjury child behavior and family outcomes were assessed at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Findings from path analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects of TBI on child behavior and family outcomes, as well as cross-lagged child-family associations. Higher parent distress at 6 months predicted more child behavior problems at 12 months, controlling for earlier behavior problems; and more behavior problems at 6 months predicted poorer family outcomes at 12 months, controlling for earlier family outcomes. Support for bidirectional influences is tentative given that limited sample size precluded use of structural equation modeling. The findings nevertheless provide impetus for considering the influences of person-environment interactions on outcomes of TBI.
|
['Brain Injuries', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Cost of Illness', 'Family', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Parents', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 11,575,597
|
[['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.250', 'E05.944.500', 'N04.452.859.564.800.250', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dosimetric comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in salvage radiotherapy for PSA relapse after radical prostatectomy.
|
The purpose of this study is to compare three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans in a setting of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy (RP) and to simulate whether dose escalation is possible with the most adequate 3D-CRT technique. This study included consecutive 10 patients underwent salvage radiotherapy (RT) for biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after RP. Normal structures included the rectum, bladder, and femoral head. For each patient, four different treatment plans including four fields RT (4F-RT), dynamic conformal arc radiotherapy (DCAT), six fields RT (6F-RT), and DCAT with rectum hollow-out technique (DCAT-HO), were created to entire the prostate bed. The parameters of the maximum and mean doses received by organs at risk (OAR), target coverage, dose homogeneity for the planning target volume (PTV) were compared. All plans were considered to be clinically tolerable for PTV coverage and dose homogeneity. The rectum sparing at the high dose area for DCAT-HO was considered to be the most superior to those for other three techniques by comparison of the dose delivered to a 1%, 5%, and 10% volume of the rectum. In the simulation of dose escalation to 70 Gy with DCAT-HO, OAR met a requirement of the dose-volume constraints. However, in the simulation of dose escalation to 72 Gy, the rectum that receives 60 to 65 Gy and bladder that receives 65 Gy exceeded the optimal dose-volume constraints. DCAT-HO was considered to be one of the most appropriate techniques in 3D-CRT if dose escalation to 70 Gy might be needed in a setting of salvage RT after RP in the future.
|
['Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Recurrence']
| 20,921,825
|
[['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Insulin treatment of corticosteroid-associated hyperglycemia and its effect on outcome after forebrain ischemia in rats.
|
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported that dexamethasone worsens neuronal injury after brain ischemia. This effect is assumed to be secondary to drug-induced hyperglycemia. The current study used a rat model to test the hypotheses that insulin treatment of dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia would result in a postischemic neurologic outcome that is: (1) better than that of hyperglycemic, dexamethasone-treated subjects; and (2) better than, or equal to, that of saline-treated control subjects.METHODS: Twenty-four halothane-anesthetized (1.0% inspired) rats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (N = 8 in each group): (1) normoglycemic, placebo-treated rats (group P) received an intravenous saline infusion; (2) hyperglycemic, dexamethasone-treated rats (group D) received 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal dexamethasone at days, 1 day, and h before ischemia plus an intravenous saline infusion; and (3) normoglycemic, dexamethasone- and insulin-treated rats (group DI) received the same treatment as group D, plus an intravenous insulin infusion shortly before ischemia. Blood gases and acid-base status were maintained within normal physiologic ranges. Pericranial and rectal temperatures were maintained at normothermia. Forebrain ischemia of 10 min duration was produced using an established model. Neurologic function was assessed by a blinded observer at 24 and 48 h postischemia. Brain histopathology was assessed at the time of ischemia-related death or after the examination at 48 h. All 24 rats were included in the analysis of neurologic function; however, only 21 rats that survived for > or = 24h post-ischemia were included in the histologic analysis.RESULTS: Rats were well matched for systemic physiologic variables, with the exception of glucose concentrations. Plasma glucose concentration immediately before ischemia was as follows: group P = 129 +/- 8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD), group D= 344 +/- 29 mg/dl, and group DI = 123 +/- 17 mg/dl. At 48h postischemia, groups P and DI were minimally injured and had similar functional scores. In contrast, all group D rats died of cerebral ischemia. Histologic injury was significantly worse in group D than in either group P or DI, but did not differ significantly between groups P and DI. When all groups were combined, there was a significant correlation between neurologic function and total histopathology score ranks.CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, dexamethasone administration before brain ischemia resulted in a worsening of postischemic outcome that was relate to drug-induced hyperglycemia. Restoration of normoglycemia, using insulin, resulted in a functional outcome similar to that in group P, and an attenuation of dexamethasone-associated histologic injury.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Dexamethasone', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Prosencephalon', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 8,659,793
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The structure of recombinant plasminogen kringle 1 and the fibrin binding site.
|
The structure of recombinant (Hoover et al. Biochemistry, 1993; 32:10936-10944) plasminogen (PG) kringle 1 (K1) has been determined and refined at 2.48 A resolution to a crystallographic R value of 0.159. In addition, 71 water molecules and two chloride ions have been located. The folding of PGK1 is very similar to that of PGK4. The lysine/fibrin binding site, however, differs from that of both PGK4 and tissue-type PG activator (t-PA) K2 at the cationic centre. Although PGK1 can potentially have a doubly charged cationic centre utilizing Arg34 and Arg71, the side chain of Arg34 is outside of Arg71 in a solvent region and its guanidino group is flexibly disordered. Moreover, site specific mutagenesis studies show unequivocally that Arg34 can be changed to glutamine without affecting the binding ability of PGK1. Thus, PGK1 only has Arg71 at the cationic site, PGK4 has Lys35/Arg71 and t-PAK2 has only Lys33. The cationic site differences may result in subtle responses in the binding affinities of the kringles. The two chloride ions are located in the lysine binding site and effectively compensate the positive charges of the region. They also appear to be involved intermolecularly in a complex way in the crystal structure. Such intermolecular anionic interactions are also found in PGK4 and t-PAK2.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Crystallization', 'Fibrin', 'Kringles', 'Lysine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasminogen', 'Protein Conformation', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 8,054,447
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.375'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.622.610', 'D12.776.124.790.223.580', 'D12.776.377.715.182.580', 'D12.776.811.243.610'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of effects of neuropeptide Y and norepinephrine on insulin secretion and vascular resistance in perfused rat pancreas.
|
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and norepinephrine (NE) behave like cotransmitters in intrapancreatic adrenergic nerves. Therefore, in the isolated rat pancreas, we 1) studied and compared the effect of increasing concentrations of NE and NPY given alone on insulin secretion induced by 8.3 mM glucose and on pancreatic vascular flow rate and 2) investigated the effects of combinations of NPY and NE at low concentrations. NE induced a dose-dependent inhibition of insulin release between 1 and 50 nM (max 80%); beta-cells appeared sensitive to NPY at 0.1 nM, but the maximal reduction of insulin release was comparatively weak (25-30%) at 10 nM. The study of the effect of combinations of NE and NPY at different concentrations suggests that the two neurotransmitters act in an additive way to inhibit insulin secretion. NPY (0.1-10 nM) induced a marked dose-dependent reduction of pancreatic outflow rate with a biphasic pattern between 1 and 10 nM. On the other hand, at low concentrations (1 and 2 nM), NE induced a progressive increase in pancreatic outflow rate; a clear but transient decrease could only be observed at 50 nM before a secondary increase. A combined treatment with two effective concentrations of NPY (0.1 nM) and NE (1 nM) resulted in a progressive reversal by NE of NPY's vasoconstrictive effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Norepinephrine', 'Pancreas', 'Perfusion', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 2,040,381
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.644.400.500', 'D12.776.631.650.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A03.734'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Solid tumors in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease: a report from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group.
|
BACKGROUND: Long-term survivors of successfully treated Hodgkin's disease (HD) are at risk for late complications. Among these, secondary solid tumors are most serious because they are often fatal. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the incidence, relative risk and risk factors of secondary solid tumors in HD patients registered in the database of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG).PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1983 to 1998, the GHSG conducted three generations of clinical trials for early, intermediate and advanced stage HD (HD1-HD9) involving a total of 5367 patients. Data on incidence, risk factors and relative risk were updated in March 2003.RESULTS: A total of 127 patients with secondary solid tumors were identified. Among these, lung cancer (23.6%), colorectal cancer (20.5%) and breast cancer (10.2%) were the most frequent. After a median follow-up of 72 months the cumulative risk of developing a solid tumor was 2%, with an overall relative risk (RR) of 2.4 (lung cancer, 3.8; colorectal cancer, 3.2; breast cancer, 1.9). For most patients (n=67; 52.8%) developing a secondary solid tumor, treatment modality consisted of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in extended field technique (RR = 3.3).CONCLUSIONS: With a median follow-up of 72 months, there were 127 patients developing solid tumors out of a total of 5367 HD patients treated in the GHSG studies HD1-HD9. The cumulative risk of 2% is expected to increase over time due to the rather short median observation time and slow progression of solid malignancies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Germany', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 15,205,202
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mechanisms of impulsive choice: I. Individual differences in interval timing and reward processing.
|
Impulsive choice behavior incorporates the psychological mechanisms involved in the processing of the anticipated magnitude and delay until reward. The goal of the present experiment was to determine whether individual differences in such processes related to individual differences in impulsive choice behavior. Two groups of rats (Delay Group and Magnitude Group) were initially exposed to an impulsive choice task with choices between smaller-sooner (SS) and larger-later (LL) rewards. The Delay Group was subsequently exposed to a temporal discrimination task followed by a progressive interval task, whereas the Magnitude Group was exposed to a reward magnitude sensitivity task followed by a progressive ratio task. Intertask correlations revealed that the rats in the Delay Group that made more self-controlled (LL) choices also displayed lower standard deviations in the temporal bisection task and greater delay tolerance in the progressive interval task. Impulsive choice behavior in the Magnitude Group did not display any substantial correlations with the reward magnitude sensitivity and progressive ratio tasks. The results indicate the importance of core timing processes in impulsive choice behavior, and encourage further research examining the effects of changes in core timing processes on impulsive choice.
|
['Animals', 'Choice Behavior', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Delay Discounting', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reward', 'Time Factors']
| 24,965,705
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.700'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F01.752.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F02.463.425.770.836'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infected left atrial myxoma caused by Gemella morbillorum.
|
Gemella morbillorum was isolated from the blood of a 38-year-old woman with a 4-week history of fever. An echocardiogram showed a left atrial tumor. The patient was successfully treated by antibiotic therapy and early surgical excision of the tumor. Histological examination of the excised tumor revealed a typical myxoma with infiltrates of neutrophils and remnants of bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of infected left atrial myxoma caused by G. morbillorum.
|
['Adult', 'Aminoglycosides', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Myxoma', 'Penicillins', 'Streptococcaceae', 'Ultrasonography']
| 9,060,070
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.408.051'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C04.588.894.309', 'C14.280.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.565.550'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['B03.353.750.737', 'B03.510.400.800', 'B03.510.550.737'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increased plasma level of endothelin-1 in the Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rat.
|
The objectives of this study were to determine plasma levels of endothelin (ET) in a genetic model of hypertension and in control rats during control conditions and in response to short-term volume expansion with saline. Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used in this study. One group of each strain served as control animals, and another group of each strain underwent volume expansion with saline (5% of body weight infused during a period of 30 minutes). The levels of ET-1 and ET-3 were measured in plasma by using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In the control groups of SHR and WKY rats, plasma ET-1 levels were 72.5 +/- 14.9 pg/ml (N = 8) and 40.2 +/- 7.5 pg/ml (N = 12), respectively (P < 0.05). In the volume-expanded SHR group (N = 8), the plasma ET-1 level was 45.5 +/- 11.1 pg/ml (approximately 37% less than that of the control SHR group), whereas it was 40.6 +/- 10.2 pg/ml in the volume-expanded group of WKY rats (N = 10) (almost identical to that of the control WKY group). Plasma levels of ET-3 were similar in control and in volume-expanded groups of SHR and WKY rats. These data show that basal levels of plasma ET-1 are significantly higher in the SHR than in the WKY rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Endothelins', 'Male', 'Plasma Substitutes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 8,417,254
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['D27.505.954.502.140.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of copper-responsive genes in an early life stage of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas.
|
While physiological changes associated with copper toxicity have been studied in adult fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, little is known about the effect of copper on newly hatched larvae. As a result we initiated an investigation on the mechanism of copper toxicity in 24 h post-hatch larvae using gene expression changes to identify responsive genes. Fish were exposed to copper concentrations of 0, 50, 125 and 200 mug/L in a 48 h toxicity test. Total RNA from survivors was used in a differential display assay to screen for differentially expressed gene products. Altogether, 654 copper-responsive differentially expressed bands were collected. Database searches found homology for 261 sequences. One hundred and sixty-one bands were homologous to NCBI genes of known function, of which 69 were individual genes. The most abundant categories of functional genes responding to copper were involved in protein synthesis/translational machinery and contractile proteins. Twenty-one dose-responsive genes were measured for expression changes using real-time quantitative PCR. Differential gene expression was validated for 11 of 13 genes, when a 1.2 times qPCR difference between the copper and control samples was observed. Transcripts identified as titin, cytochrome b, fast muscle specific heavy myosin chain 4, fast muscle troponin I, proteasome 26S subunit and troponin T3a were induced over twofold. Differential display bands identified as 60S ribosomal proteins L27 and L12 were repressed approximately threefold. We conclude that copper exposure affects several cellular pathways in larval fathead minnows with protein synthesis, ribosome structure, and muscle contractile proteins being the most sensitive to this stress.
|
['Animals', 'Copper', 'Cyprinidae', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes', 'Larva', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Toxicity Tests']
| 19,020,976
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and Properties of Bis-Porphyrin Molecular Tweezers: Effects of Spacer Flexibility on Binding and Supramolecular Chirogenesis.
|
Ditopic binding of various dinitrogen compounds to three bisporphyrin molecular tweezers with spacers of varying conformational rigidity, incorporating the planar enediyne (1), the helical stiff stilbene (2), or the semi-rigid glycoluril motif fused to the porphyrins (3), are compared. Binding constants Ka = 10⁴-10⁶ M(-1) reveal subtle differences between these tweezers, that are discussed in terms of porphyrin dislocation modes. Exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) of complexes with chiral dinitrogen guests provides experimental evidence for the conformational properties of the tweezers. The results are further supported and rationalized by conformational analysis.
|
['Circular Dichroism', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Porphyrins']
| 26,703,562
|
[['E05.196.867.151'], ['D05'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cinacalcet may reduce arterial stiffness in patients with chronic renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism - results of a small-scale, prospective, observational study.
|
AIMS: This study evaluated the impact of cinacalcet on arterial stiffness, determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV), in patients with chronic renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study included, SHPT patients with chronic renal disease on dialysis undergoing cinacalcet treatment with a follow-up of 12 months.RESULTS: 21 patients, 62% males, with a mean age of 51.3 years (± 18.0) were included. Cinacalcet was given for at least a year with a mean daily dose of 35 mg (range 30-60 mg). Aortic PWV significantly decreased after 12 months of cinacalcet treatment (9.35 ± 1.83 m/sg vs. 8.66 ± 1.86 m/sg; p = 0.030). Additionally, there was a notable reduction trend in the left ventricular mass index (166.6 ± 39.4 g/m² vs. 156.1 ± 31.8 g/m²), although it did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.063). Alkaline phosphatase and PTH were significantly decreased during the study. However, serum calcium, phosphorus and blood pressure remained stable.CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the possibility that cinacalcet reduces arterial stiffness of SHPT patients with chronic renal disease after 12 months of treatment. Prospective, randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Aorta', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Calcimimetic Agents', 'Calcium', 'Cinacalcet', 'Elasticity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Naphthalenes', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phosphorus', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Spain', 'Stroke Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 21,329,627
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.109'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D06.347.230', 'D27.505.696.399.450.230'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.183', 'D04.615.638.183'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.642.355.480'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity monitored by ECG in freely moving mice. A new model to test potential protectors.
|
In laboratory animals, histology is most commonly used to study doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. However, for monitoring during treatment, large numbers of animals are needed. Recently we developed a new method to measure ECG values in freely moving mice by telemetry. With this model we investigated the effect of chronic doxorubicin administration on the ECG of freely moving BALB/c mice and the efficacy of ICRF-187 as a protective agent. The ST interval significantly widened from 15.0 +/- 1.5 to 56.8 +/- 11.8 ms in week 10 (7 weekly doses of 4 mg/kg doxorubicin given i.v. plus 3 weeks of observation). The ECG of the control animals did not change during the entire study. After sacrifice the hearts of doxorubicin-treated animals were enlarged and the atria were hypertrophic. As this schedule exerted more toxicity than needed to investigate protective agents, the protection of ICRF-187 was determined using a dose schedule with lower general toxicity (6 weekly doses of 4 mg/kg doxorubicin given i.v. plus 2 weeks of observation). On this schedule, the animals' hearts appeared normal after sacrifice and ICRF-187 (50 mg/kg given i.p. 1 h before doxorubicin) provided almost full protection. These data were confirmed by histology. The results indicate that this new model is very sensitive and enables monitoring of the development of cardiotoxicity with time. These findings result in a model that allows the testing of protectors against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as demonstrated by the protection provided by ICRF-187.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Body Weight', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Interactions', 'Electrocardiography', 'Heart', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Rate', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Razoxane', 'Telemetry']
| 8,603,459
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['F01.145.113'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C14.280.238'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.358'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D03.383.606.385.500'], ['E01.370.520.750', 'E05.925', 'L01.178.847.675']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
BIPP madness; an iatrogenic cause of acute confusion.
|
An 81-year-old man, admitted under the Ear, Nose and Throat Team with persistent epistaxis, developed an acute confusional state. He was previously physically independent and mentally competent. Immediate investigations did not reveal a cause for his deterioration. He eventually made a full recovery and returned home. Subsequently, his serum bismuth level was noted to be within the toxic range and was felt to have been the cause of his confusional state.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bismuth', 'Confusion', 'Drug Combinations', 'Epistaxis', 'Humans', 'Hydrocarbons, Iodinated', 'Male']
| 15,082,418
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D01.268.271.245', 'D01.268.556.100', 'D01.496.749.305.245', 'D01.552.544.100'], ['C10.597.606.337', 'C23.888.592.604.339', 'F01.700.250'], ['D26.310'], ['C08.460.261', 'C09.603.261', 'C23.550.414.712', 'C23.888.852.040'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.581']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of Atmospheric Microparticles on the Development of Oxidative Stress in Healthy City/Industrial Seaport Residents.
|
Atmospheric microsized particles producing reactive oxygen species can pose a serious health risk for city residents. We studied the responses of organisms to microparticles in 255 healthy volunteers living in areas with different levels of microparticle air pollution. We analyzed the distribution of microparticles in snow samples by size and content. ELISA and flow cytometry methods were employed to determine the parameters of the thiol-disulfide metabolism, peroxidation and antioxidant, genotoxicity, and energy state of the leukocytes. We found that, in the park areas, microparticles with a size of 800 ìm or more were predominant (96%), while in the industrial areas, they tended to be less than 50 ìm (93%), including size 200-300 nm (7%). In the industrial areas, we determined the oxidative modification of proteins (21% compared to the park areas, p ? 0.05) and DNA (12%, p ? 0.05), as well as changes in leukocytes' energy potential (53%, p ? 0.05). An increase in total antioxidant activity (82%, p ? 0.01) and thiol-disulfide system response (thioredoxin increasing by 33%, p ? 0.01; glutathione, 30%, p ? 0.01 with stable reductases levels) maintains a balance of peroxidation-antioxidant processes, protecting cellular and subcellular structures from significant oxidative damage.
|
['Adult', 'Antioxidants', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Particle Size', 'Particulate Matter', 'Snow', 'Thioredoxins']
| 26,064,419
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G02.712'], ['D20.633'], ['G16.500.175.867', 'G16.500.275.063.725.480', 'G16.500.750.775.480', 'N06.230.300.100.725.480'], ['D12.776.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
3-Aminobenzamide, a poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor, attenuates the acute inflammatory responses and brain injury in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis in the newborn piglet.
|
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of a poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide during the early phase of experimental bacterial meningitis in the newborn piglet. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal injection of 10(8) colony forming units of Escherichia coli in 100 microl of saline. 3-Aminobenzamide, given 30 mg kg(-1) as a bolus i.v. injection 30 min before induction of meningitis, significantly attenuated the meningitis-induced acute inflammatory responses such as increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate concentration, CSF leukocytosis and increased CSF tumor necrosis factor-alpha level. However, meningitis-induced increase in intracranial pressure and decrease in CSF glucose level were not significantly improved. Increased cerebral cortical cell membrane lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes) and decreased brain ATP/phosphocreatine levels observed in the meningitis group were also significantly improved with 3-aminobenzamide treatment. However, the improvement of reduced Na+, K+-ATPase activity did not reach a statistical significance (p = 0.06). In summary, 3-aminobenzamide significantly attenuated the acute inflammatory responses and the ensuing brain injury during the early phase of neonatal bacterial meningitis. These findings suggest that poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors such as 3-aminobenzamide might be a promising novel anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective adjuvant therapy in neonatal bacterial meningitis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Benzamides', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Encephalitis', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glucose', 'Lactic Acid', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Meningitis, Escherichia coli', 'Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors', 'Swine', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 11,428,523
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.350', 'C01.150.252.400.310.330.500', 'C01.207.180.500.350', 'C10.228.228.180.500.350', 'C10.228.614.280.350'], ['D09.408.620.569.070.125.600', 'D13.695.578.550.530', 'D13.695.827.708.070.125.600'], ['D27.505.519.389.739', 'D27.505.954.248.692'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Silver nanoparticles enhance wound healing in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
|
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by a chemical reduction method, physico-chemically characterized and their effect on wound-healing activity in zebrafish was investigated. The prepared AgNPs were circular-shaped, water soluble with average diameter and zeta potential of 72.66 nm and -0.45 mv, respectively. Following the creation of a laser skin wound on zebrafish, the effect of AgNPs on wound-healing activity was tested by two methods, direct skin application (2 ìg/wound) and immersion in a solution of AgNPs and water (50 ìg/L). The zebrafish were followed for 20 days post-wounding (dpw) by visual observation of wound size, calculating wound healing percentage (WHP), and histological examination. Visually, both direct skin application and immersion AgNPs treatments displayed clear and faster wound closure at 5, 10 and 20 dpw compared to the controls, which was confirmed by 5 dpw histology data. At 5 dpw, WHP was highest in the AgNPs immersion group (36.6%) > AgNPs direct application group (23.7%) > controls (18.2%), showing that WHP was most effective in fish immersed in AgNPs solution. In general, exposure to AgNPs induced gene expression of selected wound-healing-related genes, namely, transforming growth factor (TGF-â), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and -13, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1â and TNF-á) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), which observed differentiation at 12 and 24 h against the control; but the results were not consistently significant, and many either reached basal levels or were down regulated at 5 dpw in the wounded muscle. These results suggest that AgNPs are effective in acceleration of wound healing and altered the expression of some wound-healing-related genes. However, the detailed mechanism of enhanced wound healing remains to be investigated in fish.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Silver', 'Wound Healing', 'Zebrafish']
| 28,757,200
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.297'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['G16.762.891'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Total quality management in clinical virology laboratories.
|
The diagnostic laboratories in India are progressively promoting higher standards and are moving towards accreditation and international acceptance. Hence, the concept of "Quality" will need to be understood and implemented. Total quality management (TQM) in a laboratory is an integrated program involving all laboratory staff and management. TQM is a framework to operate and it is aiming for integration, consistency, increase in efficiency and a continuous drive for improvement. A well structured clinical virology service will include serology setup, cell culture facility and capacity for molecular diagnosis. The quality of results from the laboratory is significantly influenced by many pre-analytical and post-analytical factors which needed attention. The end goal of the TQM should be to provide the best care possible for the patient.
|
['Accreditation', 'Clinical Competence', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Humans', 'India', 'Laboratories', 'Quality Control', 'Total Quality Management', 'Virology', 'Virus Diseases', 'Viruses']
| 17,185,843
|
[['N03.706.110.070', 'N05.700.200.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487'], ['J01.897.608'], ['N04.452.955', 'N04.761.700.675', 'N05.700.792'], ['H01.158.273.540.859'], ['C01.925'], ['B04']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The ribose 5-phosphate isomerase-encoding gene is located immediately downstream from that encoding murine immunoglobulin kappa.
|
The immunoglobulin kappa locus (Ig kappa) is active only in the B-lymphocyte cell lineage. By exon-trapping we found a gene situated downstream from the murine Ig kappa locus. This gene encodes a protein with 53% sequence identity to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A (RPI-A) of Escherichia coli and is therefore likely to be the murine homologue (mRPI) of this enzyme. We confirmed this assumption by showing that a glutathione S-transferase (GST)::mRPI fusion protein has enzymatic activity and that an anti-mRPI antibody detects a protein of the predicted mass of RPI (33 kDa). Cloning and sequencing of the human counterpart show that the RPI gene is evolutionarily conserved. The expression of mRPI is not influenced by the rearrangement status of the Ig kappa locus in B cells and mRPI is expressed in all tissues. We thus show that two genes with very different expression patterns, a housekeeping gene and a gene expressed in a tissue-specific manner, can be located on a chromosome in close proximity to each other.
|
['Aldose-Ketose Isomerases', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Biological Evolution', 'Carbohydrate Epimerases', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Exons', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Genomic Library', 'Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Ribosemonophosphates', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 7,758,956
|
[['D08.811.399.475.200'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['D08.811.399.894.500'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.530', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.530', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.530'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D09.894.643.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
L-mandelate dehydrogenase from Rhodotorula graminis: comparisons with the L-lactate dehydrogenase (flavocytochrome b2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
L-Lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and L-mandelate dehydrogenase (L-MDH) from Rhodotorula graminis are both flavocytochromes b2. The kinetic properties of these enzymes have been compared using steady-state kinetic methods. The most striking difference between the two enzymes is found by comparing their substrate specificities. L-LDH and L-MDH have mutually exclusive primary substrates, i.e. the substrate for one enzyme is a potent competitive inhibitor for the other. Molecular-modelling studies on the known three-dimensional structure of S. cerevisiae L-LDH suggest that this enzyme is unable to catalyse the oxidation of L-mandelate because productive binding is impeded by steric interference, particularly between the side chain of Leu-230 and the phenyl ring of mandelate. Another major difference between L-LDH and L-MDH lies in the rate-determining step. For S. cerevisiae L-LDH, the major rate-determining step is proton abstraction at C-2 of lactate, as previously shown by the 2H kinetic-isotope effect. However, in R. graminis L-MDH the kinetic-isotope effect seen with DL-[2-2H]mandelate is only 1.1 +/- 0.1, clearly showing that proton abstraction at C-2 of mandelate is not rate-limiting. The fact that the rate-determining step is different indicates that the transition states in each of these enzymes must also be different.
|
['Alcohol Oxidoreductases', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Catalysis', 'Kinetics', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Mandelic Acids', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rhodotorula', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 8,439,280
|
[['D08.811.682.047'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['G02.130'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D02.241.223.475', 'D02.241.511.536'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.300.381.750', 'B01.300.930.650'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transient rheological behavior of blood in low-shear tube flow: velocity profiles and effective viscosity.
|
Velocity profiles of human blood flowing through vertical and horizontal glass tubes (25-100 microns ID) were measured as a function of time following a sudden reduction of wall shear stress (tau w) from a high value to values ranging from 2 to 100 mPa. Cell velocities at various radial positions were determined off-line from video recordings by digital image analysis. In vertical tubes, symmetric velocity profiles were obtained that developed increasing bluntness with time, particularly at lower tau w and in smaller tubes. In horizontal tubes, velocity profiles developed strong asymmetry as a function of time. Red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation was associated with uniform low flow velocities in the concentrating cell sediment, whereas faster flow and almost parabolic profiles were observed in the supernatant plasma region. Calculations of effective blood viscosity showed a decrease with time at low tau w in vertical tubes but an increase in horizontal tubes. The differences between profile shape and effective viscosity in vertical and horizontal tubes disappeared at tau w > 50 mPa. These findings are related to the cross-sectional distribution of RBC, which depends on RBC aggregation and sedimentation.
|
['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Viscosity', 'Capillary Action', 'Humans', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Perfusion', 'Plethysmography', 'Rheology', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 7,840,268
|
[['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['G09.188.370.124', 'G09.330.380.630.110'], ['G02.860.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.680'], ['E01.370.370.610'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Limited (1-4) Brain Metasteses: Systematic Review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guideline.
|
BACKGROUND: Guidelines regarding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases are missing recently published evidence.OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and provide an objective summary of publications regarding SRS in managing patients with 1 to 4 brain metastases.METHODS: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Medline up to November 2016. A separate search was conducted for SRS for larger brain metastases.RESULTS: Twenty-seven prospective studies, critical reviews, meta-analyses, and published consensus guidelines were reviewed. Four key points came from these studies. First, there is no detriment to survival by withholding whole brain radiation (WBRT) in the upfront management of brain metastases with SRS. Second, while SRS on its own provides a high rate of local control (LC), WBRT may provide further increase in LC. Next, WBRT does provide distant brain control with less need for salvage therapy. Finally, the addition of WBRT does affect neurocognitive function and quality of life more than SRS alone. For larger brain metastases, surgical resection should be considered, especially when factoring lower LC with single-session radiosurgery. There is emerging data showing good LC and/or decreased toxicity with multisession radiosurgery.CONCLUSION: A number of well-conducted prospective and meta-analyses studies demonstrate good LC, without compromising survival, using SRS alone for patients with a limited number of brain metastases. Some also demonstrated less impact on neurocognitive function with SRS alone. Practice guidelines were developed using these data with International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society consensus.
|
['Brain Neoplasms', 'Cranial Irradiation', 'Humans', 'Radiosurgery', 'Salvage Therapy']
| 29,126,142
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E02.815.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E02.895']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Performance Evaluation of a Newly Developed Chemiluminescent Assay Kit for Detection of Neuron-Specific Eno.
|
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the performance of a chemiluminescence detection reagent for Neuron-specific enolase (NSE).METHODS: Based on the "Guiding principles on performance analysis of diagnostic, reagents in vitro" and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines, performance of the CLIA NSE kit was evaluated, including the detection limit, linear range, reportable range, accuracy, precision, cross reactivity, interference factors, Hook effect, and method comparison.RESULTS: The detection limit of the reagent was 0.05 ng/mL. The linear range of the reagent was 0.05 ng/mL - 400 ng/mL. The reagent can be reported as 0.05 ng/mL - 2,500 ng/mL. The recovery rate ranged from 94.95% to 105.12%. The CV of the reagent of the intra-assay was 3.8% - 5.7% and inter-batch was 3.6%, which meets the requirements. The common interference factors such as the blood fat, jaundice, and rheumatoid factor did not affect the quantitative accuracy of the reagent, but hemolysis resulted in higher readings. Cross-reactions were not observed when incubating with major interfering tumor markers; therefore, the kit was highly specific for NSE. The HOOK effect was not observed when the NSE content reached 20,000 ng/mL in samples. The coincidence rate of the reagent and Roche's products reached 94.81% and the correlation r reached 0.968.CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the NSE CLIA reagent was acceptable in all evaluated parameters, meeting requirements for clinical application.
|
['Guidelines as Topic', 'Humans', 'Limit of Detection', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Phosphopyruvate Hydratase', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 30,146,825
|
[['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.500'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Symptom expression in hyperactive children: an analysis of observations.
|
Hyperactivity is typically diagnosed when children display overactivity, inappropriate inattention, and impulsivity during the school day when involved in tasks that require sustained and voluntary attention. However, distinguishing children with hyperactivity from children with other learning and behavior disorders is often difficult because of an overlap in symptom expression. Some studies have failed to find any factors associated only with the hyperactive syndrome. The present study compared the behavior of students diagnosed as hyperactive or having attention deficit disorder to students diagnosed as having learning disabilities. Symptoms associated with overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity of 19 hyperactive and 17 nonhyperactive (learning disordered) students were observed and counted using a direct diagnostic procedure following a momentary time sampling technique. Analyses revealed that differences between the groups were often qualitative rather than quantitative, and only a few symptoms distinguished one diagnosis from the other. Hyperactive students demonstrated more talking, unsystematic search, and motor impersistence than nonhyperactive students. Nonhyperactive students demonstrated more upper extremity movement and displayed more inattention when engaged in visual tasks than hyperactive students. The findings questioned the use of general categories of behavior such as overactivity to discriminate hyperactive from nonhyperactive students. Implications for diagnosis and the need for continued studies are reviewed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning Disabilities', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Touch']
| 2,703,786
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550', 'F03.625.562'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Benchmarking as everyday functional assessment in stroke recovery.
|
OBJECTIVES: Functional assessment in stroke recovery extends beyond formal testing and evaluation. Stroke survivors themselves continuously engage in the process of reckoning their functional capacities as they go about their everyday lives. This process is called benchmarking. The aim of this article is to discuss and illustrate how it operates in three areas of experience--self-definition, comorbidity and age, and the tasks of daily life.METHODS: Benchmarking data are drawn from in-depth qualitative interviews with male stroke survivors of various ages and from three ethnic groups (Hispanic, African American, and non-Hispanic White).RESULTS: The results show that the benchmarking process is evident in all social categories in which survivors fall, but specific kinds of benchmarks may be more prominent in some categories than others.DISCUSSION: The lessons provided by everyday functional assessment for understanding the stroke experience, as well as directions for further study, are discussed in the conclusion.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Benchmarking', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Comorbidity', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Humans', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Self-Assessment', 'Sick Role', 'Social Adjustment']
| 12,878,653
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E01.370.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.669.599'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['F01.829.316.616.751'], ['F01.145.813.621']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Female reproductive decline is determined by remaining ovarian reserve and age.
|
The early decline and loss of female fertility in humans and other species represents an evolutionary paradox. Despite being born with a vast stock of oocytes, females encounter an exhaustion of ovarian reserve and sterility half way through their natural lives. Female reproductive ageing has been proposed to proceed as an ongoing decline in ovarian reserve, determined by remaining ovarian follicle number. However, despite extensive modelling, the respective contributions of intra-, inter-, and extra-ovarian signalling have not been fully characterised. It remains unclear whether reproductive ageing progresses simply as a pre-determined function of remaining ovarian follicles, or as an age-dependent process in humans. Here, we have analysed ovarian response to hormonal stimulation in women who have undergone surgical removal of a single ovary, in order to investigate the relative contributions of intra-, inter, and extra-ovarian signalling on reproductive ageing. Our data show that in unilaterally oophorectomised women, ovarian response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) declines beyond levels predicted by a total ovarian follicle pool model of reproductive ageing. Maintenance of ovarian function later in reproductive life, despite the removal of half of the total ovarian reserve, suggests a role for an extra-ovarian age-dependent regulation of reproductive decline. This highlights the need for further work to identify signalling factors that communicate age-related signals between the soma and the germline.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Ovarian Reserve', 'Ovariectomy', 'Ovary', 'Reproduction', 'Young Adult']
| 25,310,678
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['G08.686.210.249', 'G08.686.628'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hip arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures in the elderly patient.
|
Failure of internal fixation in hip fractures can lead to difficult problems, especially in elderly patients. At the intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric level a prosthesis with diaphyseal support is one of the solutions to this problem. In 12 patients an endoprosthesis was performed for failed internal fixation. The mean age at the time of initial fracture fixation was 79 years (range: 61 to 94 years). The mean time from initial fracture fixation to failure and salvage by an endoprosthesis was 6 months (range: 5 days to 19 months). Eleven patients could be reviewed clinically and radiographically after a mean follow-up time of 32 months (range: 4 months to 7 years). The functional results were satisfactory considering the age of the patients. The current series shows that endoprosthesis might be considered as a valuable method in the salvage treatment of failed internal fixation of a subtrochanteric or intertrochanteric hip fracture.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Nails', 'Bone Plates', 'Female', 'Fracture Healing', 'Hip Fractures', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Reoperation', 'Treatment Failure']
| 8,053,339
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.690'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pleomorphic (spindle and squamous cell) carcinoma arising in a peripheral mixed squamous and glandular papilloma in a 70-year-old man.
|
Solitary papillomas of the bronchial tree are rare, particularly in the distal airways. When encountered, solitary papillomas are not frequently found to undergo malignant transformation. When this does happen, it is usually a squamous cell carcinoma arising in a human papillomavirus-associated squamous papilloma (usually in a central airway). Here we report a unique case of pleomorphic (spindle and squamous cell) carcinoma arising in a mixed glandular and squamous papilloma without human papillomavirus association.
|
['Aged', 'Bronchial Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed', 'Papilloma', 'Papillomaviridae']
| 21,970,492
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109', 'C08.127.265', 'C08.785.520.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.435'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Midori de Habich: the economist who ran Peru's health ministry.
|
Midori de Habich speaks to Gary Humphreys about Peru's journey towards universal health coverage and the advantages of being an economist in a world of doctors.
|
['Administrative Personnel', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Economics, Medical', 'Government Agencies', 'Peru', 'Policy Making']
| 32,015,577
|
[['M01.526.070'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.300'], ['I01.409.418', 'N03.540.400'], ['Z01.107.757.702'], ['N03.706.742']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Morniga-G, a T/Tn-Specific Lectin, Induces Leukemic Cell Death via Caspase and DR5 Receptor-Dependent Pathways.
|
Morniga-G, the Gal-specific black mulberry (Morus nigra) lectin, displays high affinity for T (CD176) and Tn (CD175) antigens, frequently expressed at the cancer cell surface. The effects of Morniga-G were investigated on a Tn-positive leukemic Jurkat cell line. The lectin, used in a concentration range between 5⁻20 ìg/mL, induced cell death in leukemic Jurkat cells. Microscopic and cytofluorometric analyses indicated that Jurkat cell death was essentially apoptotic, associated with an increase in the ceramide content and a depolarization of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. This lectin-mediated cell death was inhibited by the pan caspase-inhibitor zVAD. In addition, cleavage of caspases 8, 9, and 3 was observed in Morniga-G-treated Jurkat cells whereas Jurkat cell lines that are deficient in caspase 8⁻10, caspase 9, or FADD, survived to the lectin-mediated toxicity. Furthermore, in the presence of TRAIL- or DR5-blocking mononoclonal antibodies, Jurkat cells became resistant to Morniga-G, suggesting that the lectin triggers cell death via the TRAIL/DR5 pathway. In silico computer simulations suggest that Morniga-G might facilitate both the DR5 dimerization and the building of TRAIL/DR5 complexes. Finally, upon treatment of Jurkat cells with benzyl-GalNAc, an O-glycosylation inhibitor, a decrease in Tn antigen expression associating with a reduced Morniga-G toxicity, was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that Morniga-G induces the cell death of Tn-positive leukemic cells via concomitant O-glycosylation-, caspase-, and TRAIL/DR5-dependent pathways.
|
['Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate', 'Caspases', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Membrane', 'Ceramides', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Lectins', 'Leukemia', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mitochondria', 'Morus', 'Protein Aggregates', 'Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand']
| 30,626,136
|
[['D23.050.285.050', 'D23.050.550.325', 'D23.101.140.075'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.065.313', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200', 'D10.390.470.675.200', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D12.776.503'], ['C04.557.337'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.406.633'], ['D05.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.600', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.396']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Overexpression of alfalfa Orange gene in tobacco enhances carotenoid accumulation and tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.
|
The multifunctional Orange (Or) protein plays crucial roles in carotenoid homeostasis, photosynthesis stabilization, and antioxidant activity in plants under various abiotic stress conditions. The Or gene has been cloned in several crops but not in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is widely cultivated across the world; however, its cultivation is largely limited by various abiotic stresses, including drought. In this study, we isolated the Or gene from alfalfa (MsOr) cv. Xinjiang Daye. The amino acid sequence of the deduced MsOr protein revealed that the protein contained two trans-membrane domains and a DnaJ cysteine-rich zinc finger domain, and showed a high level of similarity with the Or protein of other plants species. The MsOr protein was localized in leaf chloroplasts of tobacco. The expression of MsOr was the highest in mature leaves and was significantly induced by abiotic stresses, especially drought. To perform functional analysis of the MsOr gene, we overexpressed MsOr gene in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic tobacco lines showed higher carotenoid accumulation and increased tolerance to various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, salt, and methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress. Additionally, contents of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were lower in the transgenic lines than in WT plants, suggesting superior membrane stability and antioxidant capacity of TOR lines under multiple abiotic stresses. These results indicate the MsOr gene as a potential target for the development of alfalfa cultivars with enhanced carotenoid content and tolerance to multiple environmental stresses.
|
['Carotenoids', 'Chloroplasts', 'Dehydration', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, Plant', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Medicago sativa', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Salt Tolerance', 'Tobacco']
| 30,121,513
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['C18.452.950.179', 'C23.550.274'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G07.775.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.590.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G07.025.133.250', 'G07.775.813.500', 'G16.012.500.133.250'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impaired long-term expansion and self-renewal potential of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia-initiating cells by PTK787/ZK 222584.
|
Although most children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) achieve complete remission, the relapse rate is 30% to 40%. Because it is thought that leukemia-initiating cells (LIC) are responsible for AML relapses, targeting these cells might improve outcome. Treatment of pediatric AML blasts with the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK) induces cell death in vitro. However, the role of PTK/ZK inhibition on outgrowth of (pediatric) LICs is unknown. In this study, we cultured CD34+ cells from pediatric patients with AML on MS5 stromal cells in long-term cocultures. In analogy to adult AML, long-term expansion of leukemic cells up to 10 weeks could be generated in 9 of 13 pediatric AMLs. Addition of PTK/ZK to long-term cocultures significantly inhibited leukemic expansion in all samples, ranging from 4% to 80% growth inhibition at week 5 compared with untreated samples. In 75% of the samples, the inhibitory effect was more pronounced at week 10. Proteome profiler array analysis of downstream kinases revealed that PTK/ZK reduced activation of PI3K/Akt kinase signaling. Although main targets of PTK/ZK are VEGF receptors (VEGFR), no effect was seen on outgrowth of LICs when cultured with bevacizumab (monoclonal VEGFA-antibody), specific antibodies against VEGFR2 or VEGFR3, or exposed to stroma-derived VEGFA. These data suggest that the effect of PTK/ZK on LICs is not only dependent on inhibition of VEGFA/VEGFR signaling. Taken together, our data elucidated antileukemic properties of PTK/ZK in long-term expansion cultures, and suggest that targeting multiple RTKs by PTK/ZK might be a potential effective approach in eradicating (pediatric) LICs.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Bevacizumab', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phthalazines', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridines', 'Recurrence', 'Survival Analysis', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 23,393,162
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D03.383.710.605'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.725'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fcgamma-receptor IIA genotype and invasive pneumococcal infection.
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, bacteraemia, meningitis, and acute otitis media, especially in young children, immunocompromised patients, and elderly. Fcgamma-IIA receptor plays a crucial role in the phagocytosis of IgG2-opsonized bacteria since it is the sole receptor able to interact with IgG2 antibodies. Fcgamma-RIIA exhibits allelic polymorphisms with different capacities for binding IgG2 and phagocytosis. In a prospective study, we genotyped Fcgamma-RIIA in 55 Caucasian patients suffering from invasive pneumococcal disease and in 100 Caucasian controls. In contrast to previous reports, we found no association between Fcgamma-RIIA genotype and invasive pneumococcal disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, CD', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Demography', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Serotyping', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']
| 16,150,646
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prolonged Capecitabine Chemotherapy Following Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin (CAPOX) Regimen Chemotherapy Failed to Improve Survival of Stage III Colorectal Cancer After Radical Resection.
|
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to be a worldwide health problem because of its increasing incidence and prevalence. Surgery offers an opportunity for cure, but the postoperative recurrence rate is still high despite the advancement of chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of prolonged capecitabine chemotherapy following CAPOX chemotherapy for stage III CRC after radical surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 212 patients with stage III CRC undergoing open radical surgery from July 2010 to June 2015. Among those patients, 104 patients received prolonged capecitabine chemotherapy (prolonged group) following 8 cycles of CAPOX regimen chemotherapy, while the other 108 patients (control group) received no prolonged chemotherapy. The prolonged chemotherapy consisted of capecitabine (1000 mg/m² per day for 2 weeks) and was repeated every 3 weeks for 8 cycles at most. Long-term survival and toxicities were retrospectively compared. RESULTS Patient characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. For all patients, no significant difference was found in the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.7775) or 3-year overall survival (OS) rates between the 2 groups (P=0.5787). The prolonged group had significantly higher frequency of hand-foot syndrome (P=0.0267) and paresthesia (P=0.0164). In further subgroup analyses, no benefit for 3-year DFS or 3-year OS of prolonged capecitabine chemotherapy was found in colon cancer or rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged capecitabine chemotherapy following CAPOX regimen chemotherapy failed to improve the survival of patients with stage III CRC after radical surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Capecitabine', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,254,462
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.425', 'D03.383.742.698.875.404.425', 'D13.570.230.329.313', 'D13.570.685.245.500.425'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D02.257.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of hyaluronan synthases in mouse uterine cervix.
|
We examined the expression pattern of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) mRNAs in the uterine cervix of pregnant mice. The expression levels of HAS-1 and -2 mRNAs peaked at delivery, whereas that of HAS-3 mRNA peaked on the 15th day of pregnancy. The regulation of HAS mRNA expression was examined in pregnant mouse uterine cervical fibroblasts. The expression of HAS-1, -2, and -3 mRNAs was significantly augmented by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Progesterone significantly interfered with expression of HAS-1 and -2 mRNAs, but significantly increased the expression of HAS-3 mRNA. Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan significantly enhanced only the expression of HAS-1 mRNA. These results indicate that HAS in the uterine cervix is regulated in a complex manner by IL-1beta, progesterone, and low-molecular-weight hyaluronan, of which changes in the cervical tissue and serum closely participate in uterine cervical ripening and/or inflammation.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Hyaluronan Synthases', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1', 'Keratinocytes', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Serum', 'Transferases']
| 15,649,434
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480.500'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A12.207.152.846', 'A15.145.846'], ['D08.811.913']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Closed-loop optogenetic control of thalamus as a tool for interrupting seizures after cortical injury.
|
Cerebrocortical injuries such as stroke are a major source of disability. Maladaptive consequences can result from post-injury local reorganization of cortical circuits. For example, epilepsy is a common sequela of cortical stroke, but the mechanisms responsible for seizures following cortical injuries remain unknown. In addition to local reorganization, long-range, extra-cortical connections might be critical for seizure maintenance. In rats, we found that the thalamus, a structure that is remote from, but connected to, the injured cortex, was required to maintain cortical seizures. Thalamocortical neurons connected to the injured epileptic cortex underwent changes in HCN channel expression and became hyperexcitable. Targeting these neurons with a closed-loop optogenetic strategy revealed that reducing their activity in real-time was sufficient to immediately interrupt electrographic and behavioral seizures. This approach is of therapeutic interest for intractable epilepsy, as it spares cortical function between seizures, in contrast with existing treatments, such as surgical lesioning or drugs.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Brain Injuries', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electric Capacitance', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electroencephalography', 'Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ion Channels', 'Light', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Lysine', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neurons', 'Optogenetics', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Seizures', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Thalamus', 'Wakefulness']
| 23,143,518
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125.200', 'D12.644.360.100.200', 'D12.776.476.100.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.337', 'D12.776.543.550.450.452', 'D12.776.543.585.400.452'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G01.358.500.249.270'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.368', 'D12.776.543.550.450.476', 'D12.776.543.585.400.476'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D12.776.532'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.393.667'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['E05.196.867'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparative Effects of Different Assistance Force During Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Locomotor Functions in Patients With Subacute Stroke: An Assessor-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of progressive reducing assistance force versus full assistance force controlled robot-assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy on locomotor functions in patients with subacute stroke.DESIGN: Inpatients with subacute stroke (N = 29; 16 men; Functional Ambulation Category score = 1 ± 0.9) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a progressive reducing assistance force group (n = 15) or a full assistance force group (n = 14). The progressive reducing assistance force group performed robot-assisted gait training sessions from 100% assistance force at the outset to 60% assistance force at the end of the robot-assisted gait training, whereas the full assistance force group received 100% assistance force throughout the robot-assisted gait training sessions. Both groups performed robot-assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy 5 days a week for 4 wks. After intervention, all patients then underwent only conventional physiotherapy 5 days a week for 4 wks of follow-up.RESULTS: The Mann-Whitney U test between-group comparisons showed that improvements were significantly greater in the progressive reducing assistance force group for the Functional Ambulation Category, knee extensors torque, and Berg Balance Scale relative to the full assistance force group, both at postintervention and at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Progressive reducing assistance force control during robot-assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy may be more beneficial for improving locomotor functions in patients with subacute stroke.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Gait Disorders, Neurologic', 'Humans', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Recovery of Function', 'Robotics', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Stroke', 'Stroke Rehabilitation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Walking']
| 30,142,092
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['C10.597.404', 'C23.888.592.413'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['G16.757'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
What Is the Most Useful Questionnaire for Measurement of Coping Strategies in Response to Nociception?
|
BACKGROUND: There are several measures of coping strategies in response to nociception. These measures all correlate highly both with each other and with symptom intensity and magnitude of disability in patients with upper limb illness. This study aims to determine if distinct measures of coping strategies in response to nociception address the same underlying aspect of human illness behavior.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Our primary study question was: is there one common aspect of human illness behavior measured by (1) the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS); (2) the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS); (3) the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Pain Interference (PROMIS-PI) Computer Adaptive Test (CAT); and (4) the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)? Secondarily, we aimed to determine which of the four questionnaires is most psychometrically sound. We measured correlations among questionnaires, coverage, reliability, completion time, and collinearity of these questionnaires when entered together in a multivariable model with the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) upper extremity disability questionnaire.METHODS: In this prospective study, 138 consecutive new or followup English-speaking patients aged 18 years or older presenting to a tertiary care referral center with traumatic and nontraumatic upper extremity conditions were invited to participate between March and May 2014. One hundred thirty-four (97%) patients agreed to participate and completed the four questionnaires in random order before their visit with the physician. We used exploratory factor analysis to assess whether there was a single common trait-an underlying aspect of human illness behavior-measured by these questionnaires. Interquestionnaire correlation was assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients; coverage by assessing floor and ceiling effect (proportion of scores at lower and upper limit); reliability by Cronbach's alpha measure of internal consistency; completion time in seconds using Kruskal-Wallis analysis; and collinearity statistics through a regression model with QuickDASH.RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis identified a common trait measured by these four measures-coping strategies in response to nociception-indicated by a substantial correlation of every individual questionnaire with the underlying trait (PCS: 0.74, PIPS: 0.84, PROMIS-PI: 0.83, PSEQ: -0.86). All interquestionnaire correlations were also large to substantial and were highest for PROMIS-PI with PSEQ (rho = -0.84, p < 0.001) and lowest for PROMIS-PI with PCS (rho = 0.67, p < 0.001). Internal consistencies were high (PCS: 0.93, PIPS: 0.88, PSEQ: 0.92, and not determined for the PROMIS-PI as a result of its CAT administration). PROMIS-PI was the quickest to complete (30 seconds [interquartile range, 24-44]) compared with the others (PCS: 91 seconds [66-122], p < 0.001; PIPS: 105 seconds [82-141], p < 0.001; PSEQ: 78 seconds [60-101], p < 0.001). The four coping questionnaires had a low partial r(2) and a relatively high variation inflation factor, indicating multicollinearity. PROMIS-PI was found to have the strongest correlation with QuickDASH (â coefficient: 0.63; standard error: 0.10; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that the four widely used measures of coping strategies in response to nociception address a single common aspect of human illness behavior, which negatively impacts upper extremity disability. Future studies assessing functional outcome should incorporate a measure of human illness behavior as it strongly relates to disability.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Given that all of these measures address the same important aspect of human illness behavior, we recommend the PROMIS-PI CAT as the most efficient measure.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Catastrophization', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Illness Behavior', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Musculoskeletal Pain', 'Nociception', 'Pain Measurement', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tertiary Care Centers']
| 26,105,152
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.575', 'F01.470.132.225'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.499'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C05.651.538', 'C23.888.592.612.547', 'F02.830.816.353', 'G11.561.790.353'], ['F02.463.593.504.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N02.278.421.830']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Thyroid transcription factor-2 gene expression in benign and malignant thyroid lesions.
|
Thyroid transcription factor-2 (TTF-2) is a recently cloned thyroid-specific gene and is central to the development and differentiation of the thyroid follicular cell. Information regarding transcript levels in normal and diseased adult human thyroids is lacking. We have investigated TTF-2 gene expression in various thyroid pathologies and assessed its potential in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodular disease, which is a common clinical problem. We have used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) and detected TTF-2 transcripts in 60% of 125 samples of adult human thyroids tested by RT-PCR (64% of 35) or ISH (59% of 90). In normal thyroid tissues TTF-2 transcript levels are low, 18 of 36 were weakly positive and 18 of 36 negative when tested by ISH. In the benign lesions, TTF-2 transcripts were detected either by RT-PCR or ISH in 8 of 8 Graves disease; 3 of 7 Hashimoto's; 2 of 2 follicular hyperplasia; 15 of 21 follicular adenoma; 11 of 13 multinodular goiters and 0 of 1 hyalinizing trabecular adenoma. In the malignant thyroid lesions, TTF-2 transcripts were detected in 8 of 18 follicular cancers; 0 of 2 anaplastic carcinoma, and 11 of 17 papillary cancers. Compared with normal thyroids, transcripts were more abundant in 24% of thyroid lesions tested by ISH. In conclusion, we report for the first time on TTF-2 gene expression in normal and diseased adult human thyroids.
|
['Adult', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cell Differentiation', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Iodide Peroxidase', 'Phenotype', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 11,762,722
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['G04.152'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D08.811.682.732.525'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C19.874'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Growth Properties and Biomass Production in the Hybrid C4 Crop Sorghum bicolor.
|
Hybrid vigor (heterosis) has been used as a breeding technique for crop improvement to achieve enhanced biomass production, but the physiological mechanisms underlying heterosis remain poorly understood. In this study, to find a clue to the enhancement of biomass production by heterosis, we systemically evaluated the effect of heterosis on the growth rate and photosynthetic efficiency in sorghum hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. Tentaka] and its parental lines (restorer line and maintainer line). The final biomass of Tentaka was 10-14 times greater than that of the parental lines grown in an experimental field, but the relative growth rate during the vegetative growth stage did not differ. Tentaka exhibited a relatively enlarged leaf area with lower leaf nitrogen content per leaf area (Narea). When the plants were grown hydroponically at different N levels, daily CO2 assimilation per leaf area (A) increased with Narea, and the ratio of A to Narea (N-use efficiency) was higher in the plants grown at low N levels but not different between Tentaka and the parental lines. The relationships between the CO2 assimilation rate, the amounts of photosynthetic enzymes, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate phosphate dikinase, Chl and Narea did not differ between Tentaka and the parental lines. Thus, Tentaka tended to exhibit enlargement of leaf area with lower N content, leading to a higher N-use efficiency for CO2 assimilation, but the photosynthetic properties did not differ. The greater biomass in Tentaka was mainly due to the prolonged vegetative growth period.
|
['Biomass', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chlorophyll', 'Hybrid Vigor', 'Nitrogen', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase', 'Ribulosephosphates', 'Sorghum']
| 26,508,521
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['G05.400'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.650'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.800', 'D12.776.765.199.499'], ['D09.894.643.720'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.894']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Studies on the constituents of Calliandra anomala (Kunth) Macbr. III. Structure elucidation of six acylated triterpenoidal saponins.
|
Six new triterpenoidal saponins, called calliandra saponins G(1), H(2), I(3), J(4), K(5) and L(6), were isolated from the branches of Calliandra anomala (Kunth) Macbr. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectra, FAB-MS, and chemical evidence. These saponins, interestingly, have an N-acetyl glucosamine at the 3 position of the genin, and one or two monoterpene glycosides at the position of the sugar chain.
|
['Hydrolysis', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mexico', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Saponins', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment', 'Triterpenes']
| 8,681,414
|
[['G02.380'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['D09.408.782'], ['E05.196.566.750'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
The quantitative methods boot camp: teaching quantitative thinking and computing skills to graduate students in the life sciences.
|
The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the ability of biologists to collect large amounts of data. It is therefore vital that research biologists acquire the necessary skills during their training to visualize, analyze, and interpret such data. To begin to meet this need, we have developed a "boot camp" in quantitative methods for biology graduate students at Harvard Medical School. The goal of this short, intensive course is to enable students to use computational tools to visualize and analyze data, to strengthen their computational thinking skills, and to simulate and thus extend their intuition about the behavior of complex biological systems. The boot camp teaches basic programming using biological examples from statistics, image processing, and data analysis. This integrative approach to teaching programming and quantitative reasoning motivates students' engagement by demonstrating the relevance of these skills to their work in life science laboratories. Students also have the opportunity to analyze their own data or explore a topic of interest in more detail. The class is taught with a mixture of short lectures, Socratic discussion, and in-class exercises. Students spend approximately 40% of their class time working through both short and long problems. A high instructor-to-student ratio allows students to get assistance or additional challenges when needed, thus enhancing the experience for students at all levels of mastery. Data collected from end-of-course surveys from the last five offerings of the course (between 2012 and 2014) show that students report high learning gains and feel that the course prepares them for solving quantitative and computational problems they will encounter in their research. We outline our course here which, together with the course materials freely available online under a Creative Commons License, should help to facilitate similar efforts by others.
|
['Biological Science Disciplines', 'Computational Biology', 'Humans', 'Students', 'Thinking']
| 25,880,064
|
[['H01.158'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.848'], ['F02.463.785']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dental disease prevention and people with special needs.
|
People with special needs are the most underserved of the underserved in our society. They have more dental disease, more missing teeth, and more difficulty obtaining dental care than other segments of the population. Many individuals and groups, including the authors of this paper, have developed community-based systems to improve oral health for people with special needs. However, these systems have not been as successful as they might be because of lack of effective preventive protocols specifically designed for people with special needs. This paper reviews strategies for overcoming informational, physical, and behavioral barriers to oral health and presents a summary of the results of a conference titled "Practical Preventive Protocols for Prevention of Dental Disease in People with Special Needs in Community Settings." The rationale for using an Oral Health Care Plan is presented as well as a sample plan. These strategies and protocols are designed to complement the system of supported community-based oral health care. The goal of this system is to help people with special needs enjoy a lifetime of oral health the same as other members of our society.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'California', 'Communication Barriers', 'Community Health Planning', 'Congresses as Topic', 'Deinstitutionalization', 'Dental Care for Disabled', 'Dental Caries', 'Health Education, Dental', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Oral Hygiene', 'Periodontal Diseases']
| 12,636,320
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['L01.143.230'], ['N03.349.650.185'], ['N03.540.199'], ['E02.760.415.280', 'N02.421.585.415.280'], ['E06.170.310', 'N02.421.240.190.230'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['I02.233.332.374', 'N02.421.726.407.457', 'N06.890.410'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['E02.547.600', 'E06.761.726'], ['C07.465.714']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Insulin is protein-anabolic in chronic renal failure patients.
|
To examine the protein anabolic actions of insulin in chronic renal failure, the authors measured four sets of whole body leucine fluxes during insulin alone and insulin with amino acid infusion in nine uremic patients before hemodialysis (B-HD). Seven were restudied 8 wk after initiation of maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Six normal subjects served as control (N). All values ( micro mol/kg/h, mean +/- SEM) are presented in the sequence of B-HD, HD, and N, and only P < 0.05 are listed. During Flux 1 (baseline), D (leucine release from body protein degradation) were 114 +/- 7, 126 +/- 4, and 116 +/- 6, respectively. C (leucine oxidation rates) were 18 +/- 2, 17 +/- 2, and 21 +/- 3, respectively. S (leucine disappearance into body protein [index of protein synthesis]) were 96 +/- 6, 107 +/- 4, and 94 +/- 4, respectively, and balances (net leucine flux into protein [values were negative during fasting]) were -18 +/- 2, -17 +/- 2, and -21 +/- 3, respectively. During Flux 2 (low-dose insulin infusion), D were 89 +/- 3, 98 +/- 6, and 94 +/- 5, respectively; C were 12 +/- 1, 11 +/- 2, and 18 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.02); S were 77 +/- 4, 87 +/- 5, and 76 +/- 5, respectively, and balances were -12 +/- 1, -11 +/- 2, and -18 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.02). During Flux 3 (high-dose insulin infusion): D were 77 +/- 3, 82 +/- 7, and 84 +/- 5, respectively; C were 9 +/- 1, 8 +/- 1, and 14 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.005); S were 68 +/- 4, 74 +/- 6, and 70 +/- 5, respectively, and balances were -9 +/- 1, -8 +/- 1, and -14 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.005). In Flux 4 (insulin infused with amino acids): D were 73 +/- 3, 107 +/- 18, and 85 +/- 7, respectively; C were 35 +/- 4, 29 +/- 5, and 39 +/- 3, respectively; S were 105 +/- 5, 145 +/- 15, and 113 +/- 6, respectively (P = 0.02), and balances were 32 +/- 4, 38 +/- 5, and 27 +/- 3, respectively. These data show that B-HD and HD patients were as sensitive as normal subjects to the protein anabolic actions of insulin. Insulin alone reduced proteolysis and leucine oxidation, and insulin given with amino acids increased net protein synthesis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Amino Acids', 'Anabolic Agents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Electrolytes', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Leucine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parenteral Nutrition Solutions', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Solutions']
| 12,937,306
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.125'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D01.248'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.776.708.733', 'D27.505.954.578.733', 'D27.720.752.733'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D26.776']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring rodent colonies for Streptobacillus moniliformis antibodies.
|
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure Streptobacillus moniliformis antibodies in mice and rats was developed. Twelve S. moniliformis strains originating from cases of rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever in man and from various rodent species, showed considerable serological relationship. The ELISA appeared specific since antibodies to S. moniliformis were absorbed by autologous and homologous antigen, but not by heterologous bacterial antigens. Acholeplasma laidlawii showed partial serological relationship with S. moniliformis. The ELISA was validated using experimental infections in mice and rats. These studies and observations in naturally infected feral rats, confirmed that S. moniliformis is difficult to grow on primary isolation, and that the ELISA for S. moniliformis antibodies revealed more contaminated animals than culture.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Mice', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Streptobacillus']
| 8,277,708
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B03.370.700', 'B03.440.450.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro regulation of local secretion and contraction of the bovine oviduct: stimulation by luteinizing hormone, endothelin-1 and prostaglandins, and inhibition by oxytocin.
|
The precise regulatory mechanisms of cyclic oviductal contraction in the cow are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of luteinizing hormone (LH), steroids, prostaglandins (PGs) and peptides on the oviductal contraction and secretion of PGs and endothelin (ET-1). In addition, the cyclic expression of mRNA for ET-1 and its receptors (ET-R) was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the in vitro microdialysis study, an infusion of LH alone or in combination with progesterone (P(4)), estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and/or ET-1 stimulated pronounced release of PGE(2), PGF(2alpha) and ET-1 in the oviducts from cows in the follicular and postovulatory phases. The addition of LH, LH+P(4)+E(2) and/or ET-1 to the medium increased the amplitude of oviductal contraction. However, oxytocin (OT) completely blocked the responses of oviductal secretion and contraction. In contrast, these substances did not show any effect in the oviducts from cows in the mid luteal phase. Similar expression patterns of mRNA encoding for ET-R type A and type B were found, which were highest during the postovulatory phase, lower during the luteal phase, with the lowest expression during the follicular phase. We suggest that the preovulatory LH surge, together with increasing E(2) levels from the Graafian follicle and a basal P(4) from regressing corpora lutea (CL), stimulates maximum oviductal production of PG and ET-1, resulting in oviductal contraction for a rapid transport of gametes. OT released from the newly-formed CL may block these mechanisms, and slow contractions for transport of the embryo to the uterus.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Dinoprost', 'Dinoprostone', 'Endothelin-1', 'Estrus', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Microdialysis', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Oxytocin', 'Progesterone', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Endothelin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 11,139,776
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.220', 'D12.776.543.750.750.320'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A new approach to aesthetic maxillofacial surgery: surgical treatment of unilateral exophthalmos due to maxillary sinus mucocele.
|
Maxillary sinus mucocele, known as a rare condition, can cause major therapeutic difficulties, especially when it invades the orbit leading to exophthalmia. Treatment is very difficult because the eye globe has to be repositioned, and the facial symmetry needs to be reconstructed as a result of malar bone invasion. This article reports the case of a 54-year-old patient with unilateral exophthalmia caused by the evolution of a maxillary mucocele that extended toward the orbit after destroying the malar bone and the orbital floor. The treatment consisted of a 1-step restoration of both the orbit floor and the malar bone using a temporomandibular flap composed of 2 bone fragments. Lipostructure and a titanium mesh to reconstruct the calvarial defect were necessary to restore facial aesthetics after placing back the eye globe in its initial site. After surgery, the patient followed a complex rehabilitation program including massage kinesiotherapy and psychological consultation and support. These had an essential contribution to the successful final outcome in terms of psychological impact, functionality, and aesthetics.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Esthetics', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Exophthalmos', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Massage', 'Maxilla', 'Maxillary Sinus', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucocele', 'Orbital Diseases', 'Paranasal Sinus Diseases', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Temporal Muscle', 'Titanium', 'Zygoma']
| 23,714,910
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['F02.463.785.477', 'K01.752.210'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['C11.675.349'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.599.750.750', 'E02.779.867.880.750', 'E02.831.535.867.880.750'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['A04.531.621.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.182.511'], ['C11.675'], ['C08.460.692', 'C09.603.692'], ['E04.680'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E07.858.708'], ['A02.633.567.600.850', 'A14.530.940'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.995']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fluorodeoxyuridine uptake by human colorectal hepatic metastases after hepatic artery infusion.
|
Tumor response rates after hepatic regional arterial chemotherapy infusion vary from 30% to 83% with little explanation for this variability. Drug clearance by the liver and plasma drug kinetics after arterial infusion have been described, but little is known about actual tumor drug uptake. This study measured fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) uptake in colorectal tumors metastatic to the liver and correlated these results with radionuclide flow scans and with tumor response to treatment. In 16 patients with unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases, FUdR (1 microCi/kg) and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) (6 mCi) were injected at a constant rate into the hepatic artery intraoperatively after insertion of a hepatic artery catheter. Liver and tumor biopsy specimens were obtained 2 and 5 minutes after infusion. 3H counts (representing drug uptake) and 99mTc disintegrations (representing blood flow) were measured by scintillation and gamma-counting. The tumor/liver ratios of FUdR and MAA were linearly related (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001). The mean tumor FUdR level was 9.2 +/- 8.9 nmol/gm, and the mean liver FUdR level was 24.5 +/- 16.8 nmol/gm. The mean FUdR tumor/liver ratio was 0.43 +/- 0.36. The extraction of FUdR by tumor was 49%. Thus substantially more drug was taken up by the liver than by the tumor after arterial infusion. There was considerable heterogeneity in FUdR uptake and MAA retention within both tissues. Tumor uptake of drug correlated significantly with MAA retention; higher FUdR levels were seen in tumors that appeared "hot" on radionuclide arterial perfusion scans. Tumor drug uptake was independent of lesion size and percentage of liver involvement.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Floxuridine', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin', 'Time Factors']
| 2,943,036
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.350', 'D13.570.230.430.432', 'D13.570.685.852.300.350'], ['A07.015.114.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['D02.691.825.375', 'D12.776.034.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on wound healing in rabbits.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the healing of full-thickness skin wounds was accelerated by platelet-rich plasma (PRP).METHODS: Four 2.5 x 2.5-cm full-thickness skin wounds were created on the backs of 15 New Zealand white rabbits. One wound on each animal received 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9 ml PRP, and the fourth wound served as a control. Seven and eight animals were sacrificed after 1 or 2 weeks, respectively, to determine histomorphometrically the epithelialization rate, contraction rate, healing rate, tissue fill, and volume fractions of fibroblasts, neutrophils, macrophages, and blood vessels.RESULTS: Only the 0.6- and 0.9-ml groups had significantly lower contraction rates than the controls after 2 weeks (P <0.05). Although no statistically significant differences were found in other parameters between the PRP-treated wounds and the controls, the PRP treatment led to increases in average epithelialization rates and volume fraction of blood vessels at both time periods. The PRP also seemed to have the most positive effect on healing rate, tissue fill, and volume fraction of fibroblasts during week 1 compared to week 2.CONCLUSIONS: The PRP treatment enhanced healing in full-thickness wounds by reducing the contraction rate with a trend toward acceleration of the epithelial migration and the angiogenic response. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to improve statistical sensitivity. Longer time intervals and modifications of PRP volume should also be explored to evaluate the long-term efficacy of PRP on wound healing.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Movement', 'Epithelium', 'Fibroblasts', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Neutrophils', 'Platelet-Rich Plasma', 'Rabbits', 'Random Allocation', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases', 'Time Factors', 'Wound Healing']
| 18,380,563
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A10.272'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['G09.330.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['A12.207.152.693.600', 'A12.207.270.695.600', 'A15.145.693.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of migraine attacks.
|
The Fontana-Masson method was used in 63 migraine patients to stain peripheral blood thrombocytes and measure the numbers of serotonin granules within them during the interictal period and, in 33 patients, during and 24, 48, and 72 h after migraine attacks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in 19 patients during attacks to study dissolved serotonin concentrations in serum. During the interictal period, high contents of serotonin granules per 100 blood thrombocytes were found (469.3 +/- 22.4), which was not significantly different from the level in healthy subjects (447.9 +/- 19.6). At the peak of attacks, serotonin contents decreased to 47.7 +/- 7.4, while the dissolved serotonin concentration, conversely, increased to 345.5 +/- 39.1 ng/ml (compared with serum serotonin levels of 184.2 +/- 12.3 ng/ml in healthy subjects). During the first and subsequent time points after migraine attacks, thrombocyte serotonin levels returned to baseline. These data provide evidence of impairment of serotonin stored in thrombocytes during migraine attacks and its release into the plasma, which may provide a laboratory method for monitoring the development of migraine attacks.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Platelets', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Reference Values', 'Serotonin', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors']
| 18,607,750
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A p53-derived apoptotic peptide derepresses p73 to cause tumor regression in vivo.
|
The tumor suppressor p53 is a potent inducer of tumor cell death, and strategies exist to exploit p53 for therapeutic gain. However, because about half of human cancers contain mutant p53, application of these strategies is restricted. p53 family members, in particular p73, are in many ways functional paralogs of p53, but are rarely mutated in cancer. Methods for specific activation of p73, however, remain to be elucidated. We describe here a minimal p53-derived apoptotic peptide that induced death in multiple cell types regardless of p53 status. While unable to activate gene expression directly, this peptide retained the capacity to bind iASPP - a common negative regulator of p53 family members. Concordantly, in p53-null cells, this peptide derepressed p73, causing p73-mediated gene activation and death. Moreover, systemic nanoparticle delivery of a transgene expressing this peptide caused tumor regression in vivo via p73. This study therefore heralds what we believe to be the first strategy to directly and selectively activate p73 therapeutically and may lead to the development of broadly applicable agents for the treatment of malignant disease.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neoplasms', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Tumor Protein p73', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']
| 17,347,683
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G05.308.800'], ['D12.776.260.885', 'D12.776.624.776.820', 'D12.776.660.912', 'D12.776.930.969'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['D12.776.624.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases.
|
OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical and diagnostic findings and survival of dilated cardiomyopathy from a large population of dogs in England.METHODS: A retrospective study of the case records of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy collected between January 1993 and May 2006.RESULTS: There were 369 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy of which all were pure-bred dogs except for four. The most commonly affected breeds were dobermanns and boxers. Over 95 per cent of dogs weighed more than 15 kg and 73 per cent were male. The median duration of signs before referral was three weeks with 65 per cent presenting in stage 3 heart failure. The most common signs were breathlessness (67 per cent) and coughing (64 per cent). The majority of dogs (89 per cent) had an arrhythmia at presentation and 74 per cent of dogs had radiographic signs of pulmonary oedema or pleural effusion. The median survival time was 19 weeks.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dilated cardiomyopathy occurs primarily in medium to large breed pure-bred dogs, and males are more frequently affected than females. The duration of clinical signs before referral is often short and the survival times are poor. Greater awareness of affected breeds, clinical signs and diagnostic findings may help in early recognition of this disease which often has a short clinical phase.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Electrocardiography', 'England', 'Female', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors', 'Survival Analysis']
| 19,037,887
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C14.280.195.160', 'C14.280.238.070', 'C16.320.488.750'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Establishment of age- and sex-adjusted reference data for hand bone mass and investigation of hand bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated in clinical practice: an observational study from the DANBIO registry and the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study.
|
BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by progressive joint destruction and loss of periarticular bone mass. Hand bone loss (HBL) has therefore been proposed as an outcome measure for treatment efficacy. A definition of increased HBL adjusted for age- and sex-related bone loss is lacking. In this study, we aimed to: 1) establish reference values for normal hand bone mass (bone mineral density measured by digital x-ray radiogrammetry (DXR-BMD)); and 2) examine whether HBL is normalised in rheumatoid arthritis patients during treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFI).METHODS: DXR-BMD was measured from hand x-rays in a reference cohort (1485 men/2541 women) without arthritis randomly selected from an urban Danish population. Sex- and age-related HBL/year was estimated. DXR-BMD was measured in rheumatoid arthritis patients (n = 350: at start of TNFI, and ~2 years after TNFI start), of which 135 patients had three x-rays (~2 years prior to TNFI, at start of TNFI, and ~2 years after TNFI start). Individual HBL/year prior to and during TNFI was calculated and compared to reference values.RESULTS: Estimated HBL/year varied strongly with age and sex. Compared to the reference values, 75 % of 135 patients had increased HBL prior to TNFI treatment and 59 % had increased HBL during TNFI treatment (p = 0.17, Chi-squared). In 38 % (38/101) of patients with increased HBL, HBL was normalised during TNFI treatment, whereas 47 % (16/34) of patients with normal HBL prior to TNFI had increased HBL during TNFI treatment. In the 350 patients, increased HBL during TNFI was associated with time-averaged 28-joint disease activity score (odds ratio 1.69 (95 % Confidence Interval 1.34-2.15)/unit increase, p < 0.001), and patients in time-averaged remission had lower HBL than patients without remission (0.0032 vs. 0.0058 g/cm(2)/year; p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney).CONCLUSIONS: We established age- and sex-specific reference values for DXR-BMD in a large cohort without arthritis. HBL was increased in the majority of rheumatoid arthritis patients initiating TNFI in clinical practice, and only normalised in a minority during TNFI.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Bone Density', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Hand Bones', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Registries', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']
| 26,912,229
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['G11.427.100'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['A02.835.232.087.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Spatial structure of gramicidin A in organic solvents. 1H-NMR analysis of conformation heterogeneity in ethanol].
|
Structural features of double helices formed by polypeptides with alternating L- and D-amino acid residues were analysed. It was found that the map of short distances (less than 4 A) between protons of the two backbones is unique for each double helix type and even its fragment implies unambiguously parameters of the helix (i.e. parallel or antiparallel, handedness, pitch of helix, relative shift of polypeptide chains). By analysis of two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectra (COSY, RELSY, HOHAHA, NOESY), proton resonances of [Val1]gramicidin A (GA) in the ethanol solution were assigned. The results obtained show that the solution contains five stable conformations of GA in comparable concentrations. Monomer of GA is in a random coil conformation. Specific maps of short interproton distances for the other four species (1-4) were obtained by means of two dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. The maps as well as spin-spin couplings of the H-NC alpha-H protons and solvent accessibilities of the individual amide groups correspond to four types of double helices pi pi LD 5,6 with 5.6 residues per turn. The double helices are related to the Veatch species 1-4 of GA. Species 1 and 2 are left-handed parallel double helices increase increase pi pi LD 5,6 with different relative shift of polypeptide chains. Species 3 is a left-handed antiparallel double helix increase decrease pi pi LD 5,6 and species 4 is a right-handed parallel double helix increase increase LD 5,6. In the dimers helices are fixed by the maximum number (28) of interbackbone hydrogen bonds NH...O = C possible for these structures. Species 1, 3 and 4 have C2 symmetry axes. Relationship between gramicidin A spatial structures induced by various media is discussed.
|
['Ethanol', 'Gramicidin', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Solvents']
| 2,450,545
|
[['D02.033.375'], ['D04.345.566.850.300', 'D12.644.641.850.300', 'D12.776.543.695.221'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The NIMH Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study: background and methodology.
|
OBJECTIVE: A collaborative study was conducted to develop methods for surveys of mental disorder and service utilization in unscreened population-based samples of children and adolescents.METHOD: Probability household samples of youths 9 through 17 years of age were selected at four sites and interviews were conducted with a total of 1,285 pairs of youths and their adult caretakers in their homes. Lay interviewers administered a computer-assisted version of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 and structured interviews to assess demographic variables, functional impairment, risk factors, service utilization, and barriers to service utilization.RESULTS: More than 7,500 households were enumerated at four sites, with enumeration response rates above 99%. Across sites, 84% of eligible youth-caretaker pairs were interviewed for about 2 hours each. Ninety-five percent of both youths and caretakers found the interview to be acceptable enough to recommend to a friend.CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that large-scale epidemiological surveys of mental disorders and mental health service use involving lengthy interviews in the homes of unscreened population-based samples of youths and their adult caretakers are acceptable to the community and can achieve good response rates. The other reports in this Special Section address the reliability and validity of the various survey instruments and other key findings.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)', 'Personality Assessment', 'Research Design', 'Sampling Studies', 'United States']
| 8,768,345
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['F03'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.460', 'N03.540.052.750.460', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.460'], ['F04.513'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Specific immunotherapy in asthma].
|
Specific immunotherapy (SIT) or allergenic desensitization would be the only treatment capable to change the natural history of the atopic march for children. SIT has shown numerous proofs of efficacy in allergic asthma particularly in improving clinical and medication scores. It could also have the capacity to prevent asthma and new allergenic sensitization.
|
['Asthma', 'Child', 'Desensitization, Immunologic', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,199,581
|
[['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.310', 'E05.478.610.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mutation of arginine residues to avoid non-specific cellular uptakes for hepatitis B virus core particles.
|
BACKGROUND: The hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particle is known as a promising new carrier for the delivery of drugs and nucleic acids. However, since the arginine-rich domain that is located in the C-terminal region of the HBc monomer binds to the heparan sulphate proteoglycan on the cell surface due to its positive charge, HBc particles are introduced non-specifically into a wide range of cells. To avoid non-specific cellular uptake with the intent to control the ability of cell targeting, we individually replaced the respective arginine (R) residues of the arginine-rich domain located in amino acid positions 150-159 in glycine (G) residues.RESULTS: The mutated HBc particles in which R154 was replaced with glycine (G) residue (R154G) showed a drastic decrease in the ability to bind to the heparan sulphate proteoglycan and to avoid non-specific cellular uptake by several types of cancer cells.CONCLUSIONS: Because this mutant particle retains most of its C-terminal arginine-rich residues, it would be useful in the targeting of specificity-altered HBc particles in the delivery of nucleic acids.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Arginine', 'Drug Carriers', 'Fluorescence', 'Glycine', 'HeLa Cells', 'Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 25,890,025
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D12.125.481'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D09.698.373.425.500', 'D09.698.735.400', 'D12.776.395.650.350'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pixel-based OPC optimization based on conjugate gradients.
|
Optical proximity correction (OPC) methods are resolution enhancement techniques (RET) used extensively in the semiconductor industry to improve the resolution and pattern fidelity of optical lithography. In pixel-based OPC (PBOPC), the mask is divided into small pixels, each of which is modified during the optimization process. Two critical issues in PBOPC are the required computational complexity of the optimization process, and the manufacturability of the optimized mask. Most current OPC optimization methods apply the steepest descent (SD) algorithm to improve image fidelity augmented by regularization penalties to reduce the complexity of the mask. Although simple to implement, the SD algorithm converges slowly. The existing regularization penalties, however, fall short in meeting the mask rule check (MRC) requirements often used in semiconductor manufacturing. This paper focuses on developing OPC optimization algorithms based on the conjugate gradient (CG) method which exhibits much faster convergence than the SD algorithm. The imaging formation process is represented by the Fourier series expansion model which approximates the partially coherent system as a sum of coherent systems. In order to obtain more desirable manufacturability properties of the mask pattern, a MRC penalty is proposed to enlarge the linear size of the sub-resolution assistant features (SRAFs), as well as the distances between the SRAFs and the main body of the mask. Finally, a projection method is developed to further reduce the complexity of the optimized mask pattern.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 21,369,034
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in plasma levels of vasoactive substances during routine acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis.
|
Hemodynamic stability is better preserved during bicarbonate hemodialysis compared to acetate. We have studied the effects of bicarbonate (HDB) and acetate hemodialysis (HDA) on plasma levels of vasoactive substances. The treatments were performed for 270 min. A cuprophan plate dialyzer was used. The ultrafiltration volume and the ultrafiltration rate were identical in the individual patients during the two treatments. In the case of vasoconstrictors there was an increase in neuropeptide Y (NPY) (20%, p < 0.01) during HDB and arginine vasopressin (AVP) was unchanged. Unlike this was the response during HDA when there was no change in NPY and a decrease in AVP (38%, p < 0.01). An increase in noradrenaline (NA) (41%, p < 0.05) occurred during HDA different from what was the case during HDB. There was a gradual increase in renin (PRA) during both HDB (141%, p < 0.05) and HDA (148%, p < 0.01). With respect to vasodilators there were no differences between the two regimes regarding calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and motilin (MOT). The change in substance P (SP) during the treatments was also similar but somewhat more pronounced during HDB. Thus, an initial rise occurred (HDB, 81%, p < 0.01; HDA, 36%, p < 0.05) followed by a decrease (HDB, 26%, p < 0.05) or a tendency to decrease (HDA, 12%, p = 0.058) during the remaining part of the treatment. A rise in beta-endorphin (beta-END) occurred during HDB (10%, p < 0.05) but not during HDA. An increase in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) occurred during HDB (27%, p < 0.05) different from the decrease during HDA (11%, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Acetates', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bicarbonates', 'Buffers', 'Female', 'Hemodialysis Solutions', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropeptides', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Time Factors']
| 8,004,826
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D26.776.708.322.651', 'D27.505.954.578.483.651', 'D27.720.752.483.651'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Social networks and quality of life among female long-term colorectal cancer survivors.
|
BACKGROUND: The population of long-term colorectal cancer survivors in the United States continues to increase, but little is known about how they fare-physically, mentally, or socially-in the years after diagnosis. The current study examines female long-term colorectal cancer survivors' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to social networks.METHODS: A population-based sample of female colorectal cancer survivors (n = 726) residing in Wisconsin was recontacted approximately 9 years after the initial diagnosis. Of 443 women who were alive in 1999, 307 women completed a follow-up questionnaire. Analysis was conducted on 259 participants who completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Status Survey and a modified version of Berkman and Syme's Social Network Index. Using multivariate analyses, HRQoL summary scores were tested for associations with individual and composite measures of social networks, including marital/partner status; number of children, relatives, and friends; and the frequency of religious and community participation.RESULTS: After adjusting for age, extent of disease at diagnosis, number of comorbidities, body mass, and education, HRQoL was similar to norms published for the general population. Individual social network measures (including the number of relatives and friends) and composite network measures (including network size, the number of ties seen at least once per month, and overall social connectedness) were associated positively with mental health.CONCLUSIONS: Social networks may have an important relation with HRQoL-particularly mental health-among female long-term colorectal cancer survivors. The results of this study should be of interest to those seeking to understand or improve HRQoL among this growing population.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Social Support', 'Survivors']
| 14,534,893
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['M01.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cell-specific expression of calcineurin immunoreactivity within the rat basolateral amygdala complex and colocalization with the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor.
|
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) produces potent anxiolytic effects via activation of NPY Y1 receptors (Y1r) within the basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA). The role of NPY in the BLA was recently expanded to include the ability to produce stress resilience and long-lasting reductions in anxiety-like behavior. These persistent behavioral effects are dependent upon activity of the protein phosphatase, calcineurin (CaN), which has long been associated with shaping long-term synaptic signaling. Furthermore, NPY-induced reductions in anxiety-like behavior persist months after intra-BLA delivery, which together indicate a form of neuronal plasticity had likely occurred. To define a site of action for NPY-induced CaN signaling within the BLA, we employed multi-label immunohistochemistry to determine which cell types express CaN and if CaN colocalizes with the Y1r. We have previously reported that both major neuronal cell populations in the BLA, pyramidal projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons, express the Y1r. Therefore, this current study evaluated CaN immunoreactivity in these cell types, along with Y1r immunoreactivity. Antibodies against calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and GABA were used to identify pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons, respectively. A large population of CaN immunoreactive cells displayed Y1r immunoreactivity (90%). Nearly all (98%) pyramidal neurons displayed CaN immunoreactivity, while only a small percentage of interneurons (10%) contained CaN immunoreactivity. Overall, these anatomical findings provide a model whereby NPY could directly regulate CaN activity in the BLA via activation of the Y1r on CaN-expressing, pyramidal neurons. Importantly, they support BLA pyramidal neurons as prime targets for neuronal plasticity associated with the long-term reductions in anxiety-like behavior produced by NPY injections into the BLA.
|
['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Calcineurin', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Neuropeptide Y', 'Signal Transduction']
| 22,884,996
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.150', 'D12.644.360.087', 'D12.776.476.087'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.540', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.540'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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