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Exploring cancer stem cell niche directed tumor growth.
|
The finding that only a sub-fraction of tumor cells, so called Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), is endowed with the capacity to initiate new tumors has important consequences for fundamental as well as clinical cancer research. Previously we established by computational modeling techniques that CSC driven tumor growth instigates infiltrative behavior, and perhaps most interesting, stimulates tumor cell heterogeneity. An important question that remains is to what extend CSC functions are intrinsically regulated or whether this capacity is orchestrated by the microenvironment, i.e. a putative CSC niche. Here we investigate how extrinsic regulation of CSC properties affects the characteristics of malignancies. We find that highly invasive growth in tumors dependent on a small subset of cells is not restricted to CSC-driven tumors, but is also observed in tumors where the CSC capacity of tumor cells is completely defined by the microenvironment. Importantly, also the high level of heterogeneity that was observed for CSC-driven tumors is preserved and partially even increased in malignancies with a microenvironmentally orchestrated CSC population. This indicates that invasive growth and high heterogeneity are fundamental properties of tumors fueled by a small population of tumor cells.
|
['Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Neoplasms', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Stem Cell Niche']
| 20,372,084
|
[['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C04'], ['A11.872.650'], ['G04.366.249']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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| 0
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|
Inflammatory cytokine profiles during exercise in obese, diabetic, and healthy children.
|
OBJECTIVE: Modulation of inflammatory status is considered a key component of the overall health effects of exercise. This may be especially relevant in children with obesity (Ob) or type 1 diabetes (T1DM), in which an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators could accelerate onset and progression of cardiovascular complications. To date, exercise-induced alterations in immuno-modulatory mediators in Ob and T1DM children remain largely unknown.METHODS: In this study, we monitored the kinetic profiles of 8 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-2, IL-8, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-4) during a standardized exercise challenge (ten 2-min cycling bouts at 80% VO2max, separated by 1-min intervals) in 23 Ob (12 females, 11 males), 23 T1DM (10 females and 13 males) patients and 20 healthy (CL, 10 females and 10 males) children. Blood glucose of T1DM patients was kept in the 4.4-6.1 mM range for at least 90 minute prior to and during exercise. Blood samples were drawn at rest and after every other exercise bout.RESULTS: In Ob, TNF-a and IL-2 were significantly greater (p<0.0167) as compared to T1DM and CL, both at baseline and throughout exercise. All other variables, while not significant, were quantitatively elevated in Ob vs. CL. In T1DM, IL-4 and IL-8 levels were similar to Ob, IL-2 and TNF-a similar to CL, and IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, IL-4 levels were intermediate between the Ob and CL groups.CONCLUSIONS: During exercise, therefore, both Ob and T1DM children displayed exaggerated pro-inflammatory responses, although with clearly different magnitude and involved mediators. Our data support the necessity to identify specific exercise formats through which each at-risk pediatric population can draw maximal beneficial health effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cytokines', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Obesity']
| 21,911,323
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Jagged-1-mediated activation of notch signalling induces adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells.
|
OBJECTIVES: Notch signalling plays an important role in many cell activities, involving proliferation, migration, differentiation and cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of such signalling on adipogenesis of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mASCs).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Jagged1 (50 and 100 ng/ml) was added to mASCs to activate Notch signalling, 2 days before adipogenic induction. At 5 and 7 days after induction, oil red-O staining was performed to evaluate lipid accumulation. Then real-time PCR was performed to examine expression of Notch downstream genes (Notch-1, -2, Hes-1 and Hey-1) and adipogenic transcription factor (PPAR-ã). Expressions of Hes-1 and PPAR-ã at protein level were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS: Our data indicated that Jagged1 promoted adipogenic differentiation of mASCs. Moreover, Jagged1 also increased expression of Notch downstream genes and PPAR-ã. Expressions of Hes-1 and PPAR-ã were found to be enhanced in Jagged1 pre-treated mASCs when compared to controls.DISCUSSION: The results led to the conclusion that activation of Notch signalling had stimulated adipogenesis of mASCs in the presence of adipogenic medium by promoting expression of PPAR-ã.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Adipogenesis', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Jagged-1 Protein', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'PPAR gamma', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Serrate-Jagged Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 23,046,039
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['G04.152.149'], ['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.644.276.930.500', 'D12.776.157.125.797.500', 'D12.776.543.800.500', 'D23.529.930.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.725', 'D12.776.930.770'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.644.276.930', 'D12.776.157.125.797', 'D12.776.543.800', 'D23.529.930'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.872'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Testicular self-examination and testicular cancer: a cost-utility analysis.
|
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended against testicular self-examinations (TSE) or clinical examination for testicular cancer screening. However, in this recommendation there was no consideration of the significant fiscal cost of treating advanced disease versus evaluation of benign disease. In this study, a cost-utility validation for TSE was performed. The cost of treatment for an advanced-stage testicular tumor (both seminomatous and nonseminomatous) was compared to the cost of six other scenarios involving the clinical assessment of a testicular mass felt during self-examination (four benign and two early-stage malignant). Medicare reimbursements were used as an estimate for a national cost standard. The total treatment cost for an advanced-stage seminoma ($48,877) or nonseminoma ($51,592) equaled the cost of 313-330 benign office visits ($156); 180-190 office visits with scrotal ultrasound ($272); 79-83 office visits with serial scrotal ultrasounds and labs ($621); 6-7 office visits resulting in radical inguinal orchiectomy for benign pathology ($7,686) or 2-3 office visits resulting in treatment and surveillance of an early-stage testicular cancer ($17,283: seminoma, $26,190: nonseminoma). A large number of clinical evaluations based on the TSE for benign disease can be made compared to the cost of one missed advanced-stage tumor. An average of 2.4 to 1 cost benefit ratio was demonstrated for early detected testicular cancer versus advanced-stage disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal', 'Self-Examination', 'Seminoma', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 25,103,095
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465'], ['E01.370.600.750', 'F01.145.488.700'], ['C04.557.465.330.800'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
E-Index for Differentiating Complex Dynamic Traits.
|
While it is a daunting challenge in current biology to understand how the underlying network of genes regulates complex dynamic traits, functional mapping, a tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), has been applied in a variety of cases to tackle this challenge. Though useful and powerful, functional mapping performs well only when one or more model parameters are clearly responsible for the developmental trajectory, typically being a logistic curve. Moreover, it does not work when the curves are more complex than that, especially when they are not monotonic. To overcome this inadaptability, we therefore propose a mathematical-biological concept and measurement, E-index (earliness-index), which cumulatively measures the earliness degree to which a variable (or a dynamic trait) increases or decreases its value. Theoretical proofs and simulation studies show that E-index is more general than functional mapping and can be applied to any complex dynamic traits, including those with logistic curves and those with nonmonotonic curves. Meanwhile, E-index vector is proposed as well to capture more subtle differences of developmental patterns.
|
['Algorithms', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Computational Biology', 'Humans', 'Models, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']
| 27,064,292
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Replication of the A7(74) strain of Semliki Forest virus is restricted in neurons.
|
In neonatal mice the A7(74) and L10 strains of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) are virulent. In 3- to 4-week-old mice the L10 strain is virulent, the A7(74) strain is avirulent. Following intraperitoneal inoculation of 3- to 4-week-old mice both strains produce a transient plasma viremia. This is cleared by IgM antibodies. IgG antibodies of all subclasses are produced. The distribution of viral RNA in the brain as determined by autoradiographic analysis of in situ hybridizations shows that in all cases virus is first apparent as small foci of infected cells around cerebral capillaries. In both neonatal and 3- to 4-week-old mice infected with L10 or neonatal mice infected with A7(74), infection spreads rapidly from the original foci to infect large areas throughout the brain. Both neurons and glial cells are infected resulting in pycnosis and death of the animals. In the brains of 3- to 4-week-old mice infected with A7(74) virus there is little spread from the original perivascular foci. Again neurons and oligodendrocytes are infected but cellular destruction is minimal. The same pattern of A7(74) infection is observed in 3- to 4-week-old athymic nu/nu mice and mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, indicating that failure to spread is not related to specific immune responses. Furthermore, in nu/nu and SCID mice the small restricted foci of A7(74) infection persist. Comparison of the replication of these two viruses by electronmicroscopy shows that although A7(74) virus replicates completely in the neurons of neonatal mice, the virus is unable to bud from the neurons of 3- to 4-week-old mice and aggregates of viral RNA and capsid accumulate. We conclude that there is an age-related restriction of A7(74) replication in mouse neurons and that this restriction is not associated with the maturity of virus-specific immune responses but probably reflects age-related changes in neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Blood', 'Brain', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Neurons', 'Semliki forest virus', 'Togaviridae Infections', 'Virus Replication']
| 8,393,239
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B04.820.578.875.054.840'], ['C01.925.782.930'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Local protein synthesis mediates a rapid increase in dendritic elongation factor 1A after induction of late long-term potentiation.
|
The maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) requires a brief period of accelerated protein synthesis soon after synaptic stimulation, suggesting that an early phase of enhanced translation contributes to stable LTP. The mechanism regulating protein synthesis and the location and identities of mRNAs translated are not well understood. Here, we show in acute brain slices that the induction of protein synthesis-dependent hippocampal LTP increases the expression of elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), the mRNA of which contains a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract. This effect is blocked by rapamycin, indicating that the increase in EF1A expression is mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We find that mRNA for eEF1A is present in pyramidal cell dendrites and that the LTP-associated increase in eEF1A expression was intact in dendrites that had been severed from their cell bodies before stimulation. eEF1A levels increased within 5 min after stimulation in a translation-dependent manner, and this effect remained stable for 3 h. These results suggest a mechanism whereby synaptic stimulation, by signaling through the mTOR pathway, produces an increase in dendritic translational capacity that contributes to LTP maintenance.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Dendrites', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Elongation Factor 1', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Protein Kinases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Signal Transduction', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 15,958,750
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['G05.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.100.101', 'D12.776.157.325.150.101', 'D12.776.835.700.350.101'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
c-JUN N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) but not JNK2 or JNK3 is involved in UV signal transduction in human epidermis.
|
BACKGROUND: c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a critical role in UV-induced apoptotic cell death. Although three isoforms are known in mammals, physiological roles of each isoform are still obscure. Furthermore, our recent findings show that serpin squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA1) binds to JNK.OBJECTIVE: To determine which isoform is responsible for the UV signal transduction in human epidermis and whether SCCA1 is capable to regulate kinase activity of a specific isoform.METHODS: Immunohistochemical localization of each JNK isoform was investigated after UV irradiation in vivo and in vitro. Effect of recombinant SCCA1 on JNK kinase activity was also analyzed.RESULTS: Immunostaining for JNK1, 2 and 3 demonstrated marked elevation of JNK1 in spinous to granular cells of UV-irradiated skin, whereas they were expressed weakly in upper epidermis of the sun-protected, buttock skin. In cultured keratinocytes, only JNK1 is translocated into nucleus after UV irradiation. JNK2, which localized in the cytoplasm, or JNK3, which was confined in nucleus, remained in the same compartment after UV irradiation. We confirmed that only JNK1 mRNA was up-regulated after UV irradiation in cultured keratinocytes. In addition, recombinant SCCA1 suppressed kinase activity of JNK1 but did not affect JNK2 or JNK3 kinase activity.CONCLUSION: JNK1 is associated with UV signal transduction in human epidermis and SCCA1 is a suppressor of this process.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Adult', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Epidermis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Serpins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Up-Regulation']
| 16,824,735
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.285'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374.800', 'D12.644.360.450.340.800', 'D12.776.476.450.340.800'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374.500', 'D12.644.360.450.340.500', 'D12.776.476.450.340.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374.750', 'D12.644.360.450.340.750', 'D12.776.476.450.340.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[On the effect of biologically active substances (experimental studies) (author's transl)].
|
The influence of prolonged Procaine and Turigeran therapy on the cellular kinetics of the mucous membrane of the liver and small intestine has been studied by means of 3H-thymidine histo-autoradiography of a total of 240 12-month-old male Wistar rats. The following observations have been made: 1. The pool of DNA-synthesizing liver parenchyma cells and Kupffer's cells in the treated animals is clearly increased compared with that of the untreated controls. There is no difference between the rats treated with Procaine and those treated with Turigeran. 2. Nor does the cellular kinetics of the mucosa of the small intestine exhibit any differences between the animals treated with Procaine and those treated with Turigeran. Since, on the other hand, significant differences appear between the treated animals and the untreated controls regarding all characteristics of cellular kinetics, this effect is solely attributable to Procaine. 3. The various phases of the cellular cycle are prolonged in the treated animals, resulting in an overall delay in the generative cycle. 4. A reduced speed of migration of the cells in the region of crypts and villi finally results in the fact that in spite of the reduced rates of proliferation a greater number of labelled cells can be observed in the crypts of the treated animals (labelling index). 5. The unmitigated effect of Procaine is discernible for at least two weeks after the discontinuation of the treatment.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'DNA', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Kinetics', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Procaine', 'Rats', 'Time Factors', 'Vitamins']
| 7,281,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.329.372.588', 'A11.627.482.588', 'A11.733.397.588', 'A15.382.670.522.588', 'A15.382.680.397.588'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.500.906', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.906'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Application of concept map for the identification of nursing diagnosis].
|
This is an experience report, aiming at describing the application of the Concept Map as a strategy to develop critical thinking skills in the identification of priority nursing diagnoses in a clinical situation. An elaborated fictitious clinical case and the concept map, created by using the IHMC CmapTools computer program, are presented. It was concluded that the use of Concept Map to identify the nursing diagnoses led to the development of critical thinking skills; therefore, its use should be stimulated during the academic program.
|
['Aged', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Education, Nursing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nursing Diagnosis']
| 22,460,502
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['I02.358.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.508.480.110']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
|
Non-chromogenic peptide substrates for detection of enzymes by means of capacitance changes at metal electrodes.
|
A new type of substrate for enzyme detection has been developed. The substrate is non-chromogenic and is used in an assay method based on electrode adsorption. The rate of change in the electric capacitance of the electrode is monitored and taken as a measure of the substrate adsorption. Substrate adsorption is in turn proportional to substrate bulk concentration and thus subject to changes by enzymes. The new substrate introduces a new concept in enzyme detection: as it is non-chromogenic it may contain appropriate amino acids on both sides of the bond subject to enzymatic cleavage.
|
['Electrochemistry', 'Electrodes', 'Enzymes', 'Peptides']
| 3,443,697
|
[['H01.181.529.307'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D08.811'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of p53 protein in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma before and after chemotherapy.
|
BACKGROUND: The expression of p53 protein has been reported to be in the range of 35% to 67% in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Mutations of the gene for p53 protein have been associated with rapidly proliferating tumors, and p53 protein expression has been shown to be a significant predictor of worse survival in surgically resected HNSCC. To determine whether p53 protein expression in advanced (stages III and IV) HNSCC has any impact on tumor response to 2 to 3 courses of paclitaxel (Taxol) and carboplatin, we prospectively studied prechemotherapy specimens from patients with previously untreated, advanced-stage HNSCC. We also attempted to study residual tumors after chemotherapy to determine if the p53 status of the tumor changed.DESIGN: The expression of p53 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis (clone BP53-12-1; Bio-Genex, San Ramon, Calif).SETTING: Tertiary university medical center.INTERVENTION: Two to 3 courses of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathologic complete remission or residual tumor.RESULTS: The results of p53 immunostaining were positive in 24 (67%) of 36 HNSCC specimens before chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, 8 patients achieved pathologic complete remission. Before chemotherapy, the tumor was p53 negative in 2 patients and positive in 6 patients.CONCLUSIONS: No correlation of p53 protein expression with response to chemotherapy was noted. The expression of p53 protein converted from positive to negative in 5 (42%) of 12 specimens from patients with residual tumor after chemotherapy, with no impact on clinical outcome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carboplatin', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Paclitaxel', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 9,366,702
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D02.257.125'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of trophic poisoning with methylmercury on the appetitive elements of the agonistic sequence in fighting-fish (Betta splendens).
|
The aggressive display in Betta splendens is particularly prominent, and vital to its adaptation to the environment. Methylmercury is an organic variation of Hg that presents particularly pronounced neuro-behavioral effects. The present experiments aim to test the effect of acute and chronic poisoning with methylmercury on the display in Bettas. The animals were poisoned by trophic means in both experiments (16 ug/kg in acute poisoning; 16 ug/kg/day for chronic poisoning), and tested in agonistic pairs. The total frequency of the display was recorded, analyzing the topography of the agonistic response. The methylmercury seems to present a dose- and detoxification-dependent effect on these responses, with a more pronounced effect on motivity in acute poisoning and on emotionality in the chronic poisoning. It is possible that this effect could be mediated by alteration in the mono-amino-oxidase systems.
|
['Affect', 'Aggression', 'Animals', 'Appetitive Behavior', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Fishes', 'Methylmercury Compounds']
| 17,992,970
|
[['F01.470.047'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.111'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['D02.691.750.100.738']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Overhydration prevalence in peritoneal dialysis - A 2 year longitudinal analysis.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypervolemia is a major concern in dialysis patients, and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and death. Cross sectional analysis have previously demonstrated that peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are not more overhydrated when compared to haemodialysi? ones. This study was designed to evaluate longitudinal trends in hydration status and corporal composition in a PD population.METHODS: We conducted a 2 year prospective observational study of 58 PD patients from a single centre. Incident and prevalent patients were included. Yearly measurements were performed using multifrequency electric bioimpedance. Overhydration (OH) was defined as an extra-cellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW) over 15%. Clinical and biochemical variables were also explored.RESULTS: A total of 30 patients completed evaluation (female 63.3%, mean age 56.9 years, BMI 25.0 kg/m², diabetes 10.0%, APD-50.0%). Median PD vintage was 21.9 months, and 36.7% were anuric. At baseline 6.7% were overhydrated. On longitudinal analysis no significant changes were found in hydration status, systolic blood pressure, pro-BNP, nor albumin levels. Similar results were found among incident (n=11; APD- 45.5%; anuric- 9.1%) and prevalent (n=19; APD- 52.6%; anuric- 52.6%) patients (p>.05). However, at the second year, prevalent patients were moderately overhydrated compared to incident ones (median 10.2% vs 3.5%; p=.009). Nonetheless, no statistical difference was observed considering adequacy, TBW, or ECW. Moreover, nutritional parameters remained stable.CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal dialysis maintenance without increasing volume status, nor major deleterious corporal composition trends, is feasible under careful therapy strategies. Longitudinal application of BIA may be a useful clinical tool to evaluate adequacy beyond Kt/V.
|
['Adult', 'Body Composition', 'Diuresis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Water-Electrolyte Imbalance']
| 26,300,513
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G08.852.179'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C18.452.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of ultrasound, shortwaves, and physical exertion on pregnancy outcome in physiotherapists.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether occupational exposure among physiotherapists is associated with spontaneous abortion or congenital malformation in the offspring.DESIGN: The study was a retrospective nested case-control study, where the pregnancy outcome data were based on the medical registers.SETTING: All registered physiotherapists in Finland who had become pregnant during the study period were included in the study.SUBJECTS: Cases were defined as women who had been treated for spontaneous abortion during 1973-1983 or had delivered a malformed child during 1973-1982. One pregnancy per woman was randomly selected for the study. Three age matched (+/- 18 months) controls were selected for each abortion case and five for each malformation case. The final study population was 204 cases and 483 controls in the spontaneous abortion study, and 46 cases and 187 controls in the congenital malformation study.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Exposure information was collected by mailed questionnaires from 1329 women. The response rate was 92% in the spontaneous abortion study, and 89% in the congenital malformation study. Heavy lifting (including patient transfers) was associated significantly with spontaneous abortion. Exposure to ultrasound and shortwaves showed about threefold odds ratios for spontaneous abortions occurring after the 10th week of gestation but in analysis where potential confounding variables were controlled, neither reached statistical significance. Deep heat therapies together, and shortwaves alone, were associated significantly with congenital malformations, but the increase was found in the lower exposure category only. From the potential confounding variables, previous abortion (spontaneous or induced) was associated significantly with spontaneous abortion, and febrile disease in early pregnancy was associated with congenital malformation.CONCLUSION: Physical exertion during early pregnancy seems to be a risk factor for spontaneous abortion. The findings raise suspicion of the potential harmful effect of shortwaves and ultrasound on the pregnancy, but no firm conclusion can be drawn on the bases of these results alone.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adult', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Physical Exertion', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Risk Factors', 'Short-Wave Therapy', 'Ultrasonics']
| 2,273,355
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C16.131'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['G11.427.683'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E02.565.280.853', 'E02.808.875'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ribosomal frameshifting on MJD-1 transcripts with long CAG tracts.
|
The expanded CAG tract diseases are a heterogeneous group of late-onset neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of insoluble protein material and premature neuronal cell death. Recent work has provided support for several mechanisms that may account for neurodegeneration, but no unifying mechanism has emerged. We have previously demonstrated that in SCA3, the expanded CAG tract in the MJD-1 transcript is prone to frameshifting, which may lead to the production of polyalanine-containing proteins. To further examine the occurrence of frameshifting and understand its mechanism and possible role in pathogenesis, a cellular model was established. We show that this phenomenon results from ribosomal slippage to the -1 frame exclusively, that ribosomal frameshifting depends on the presence of long CAG tracts and that polyalanine-frameshifted proteins may enhance polyglutamine-associated toxicity, possibly contributing to pathogenesis. Finally, we present evidence that anisomycin, a ribosome-interacting drug that reduces -1 frameshifting, also reduces toxicity, suggesting a new therapeutic opportunity for these disorders.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Anisomycin', 'Ataxin-3', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Primers', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Frameshift Mutation', 'Frameshifting, Ribosomal', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Peptides', 'Plasmids', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion']
| 16,087,686
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D03.383.773.050'], ['D08.811.037.250', 'D12.776.631.069.875', 'D12.776.660.075.875'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.365.590.265'], ['G02.111.660.871.200', 'G03.734.871.200', 'G05.308.215'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['C10.574.500', 'C16.320.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.644'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.140.865', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.850.200', 'G05.360.080.708.800.074.865', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.850.200', 'G05.360.340.024.189.220.865', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.850.200', 'G05.365.590.220.865', 'G05.558.220.865']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of pulse width of a variable square pulse (VSP) erbium:YAG laser on the treatment outcome of periorbital wrinkles in Asians.
|
BACKGROUND: Uses of appropriate laser parameters are essential for an optimum outcome with minimal risks of complications.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pulse width of a variable square pulse (VSP) Er:YAG laser on the treatment outcome.METHODS: Twenty-four Thais with periorbital wrinkles received two treatments with a low-fluence, VSP Er:YAG laser resurfacing 1 month apart. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and treated with two different parameters including a pulse width of 0.3 ms (short pulse, SP) for one group and a pulse width of 250 ms (super-long pulse, SL) for the other group. Assessments were evaluated at baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits.RESULTS: After one treatment, 63.7% and 33.4% of the subjects in the SP and SL groups, respectively, were assessed to have obvious to marked improvement of their wrinkles. After two treatments, a higher percentage of the subjects were rated to have obvious to marked improvement including 91% and 66.7% in the SP and SL groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in therapeutic outcome between the SP and SL groups.CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in efficacy and side effects, between the SP and SL groups. However, a trend toward better response with the shorter pulse width was observed.
|
['Adult', 'Esthetics', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Lasers, Solid-State', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Postoperative Care', 'Rejuvenation', 'Risk Assessment', 'Skin Aging', 'Thailand', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,465,647
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.477', 'K01.752.210'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E07.632.490.490', 'E07.710.520.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.849'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G13.750.804'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hippocampal shape analysis in Alzheimer's disease using functional data analysis.
|
The hippocampus is one of the first affected regions in Alzheimer's disease. The left hippocampi of control subjects, patients with mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer's disease are represented by spherical harmonics. Functional data analysis is used in the hippocampal shape analysis. Functional principal component analysis and functional independent component analysis are defined for multivariate functions with two arguments. A functional linear discriminant function is also defined. Comparisons with other approaches are carried out. Our functional approach gives promising results, especially in shape classification.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Principal Component Analysis']
| 24,105,806
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['F03.615.250'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.740.562']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after mucosal immunization with group B streptococcus type III capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin B subunit conjugate vaccine.
|
Group B streptococci (GBS) colonize the female genital and rectal tracts and can cause invasive infection in susceptible newborns. An optimally effective GBS vaccine should induce mucosal and systemic immunity. In this study, we investigate the local and systemic immune responses to GBS type III capsular polysaccharide (CPS) after mucosal vaccination of mice via intranasal, peroral, rectal, and vaginal routes, with GBS type III CPS conjugated with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (GBS III CPS-rCTB). Cholera toxin (CT) was added as an adjuvant. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies to the CPS were tested in serum, lungs, and intestinal, rectal, and vaginal extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The conjugated CPS administered by intranasal, peroral, rectal, and vaginal routes was much more effective at inducing both mucosal and systemic antibody responses to GBS III CPS than was unconjugated CPS. The CPS-specific immune responses in various organs were dependent on the route of immunization. Generally, the highest levels of IgA and IgG were generated in the regions or sites of the conjugate exposure. Thus, intranasal vaccination elicited the highest anti-CPS IgA and IgG antibody levels in the lungs, whereas peroral administration in the intestinal site and vaginal vaccination elicited the highest antibody levels in the vagina. Rectal vaccination was superior to the other routes in inducing high antibody levels in the rectum. The four routes of mucosal vaccination also induced distant antibody responses to CPS. Rectal vaccination induced high specific IgA levels in the vagina and intestine, and oral administration induced high specific IgA levels in the lungs and rectum. All four routes of vaccination with the conjugate elicited similarly high levels of anti-CPS IgG in serum. Intranasal vaccination with different doses of the conjugate (10, 30, and 80 microg of CPS) did not have a significant influence on the anti-CPS specific antibody responses. Intranasal immunization induced better antibody responses when one dose of the conjugate was divided and given on three consecutive days compared to administration of the full dose on one occasion. In conclusion, rectal and vaginal vaccination may be the best way of stimulating anti-CPS immune responses in the rectal and vaginal tracts, while high levels of anti-CPS antibodies in the lungs can be achieved after intranasal administration. The vaccination regimen thus might influence the mucosal immune response to CPS. This conjugate may serve as an effective mucosal vaccine for preventing mucosal colonization and invasive infection caused by GBS.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Capsules', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Immunity, Mucosal', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mice', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Conjugate']
| 10,992,481
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['A20.186'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.180', 'D23.946.123.194', 'D23.946.330.150'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G12.450.573'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A10.615.550'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.865.900', 'D23.050.865.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vivo dynamics and differential microtubule-binding activities of MAP65 proteins.
|
Plant cells produce different microtubule arrays that are essential for cell division and morphogenesis without equivalent in other eukaryotes. Microtubule-associated proteins influence the behavior of microtubules that is presumed to culminate into transitions from one array to another. We analyzed the microtubule-binding properties of three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) members, AtMAP65-1, AtMAP65-4, and AtMAP65-5, in live cells using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Depending on the overall organization of the cortical array, AtMAP65-1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and AtMAP65-5-GFP associated with a subset of microtubules. In cells containing both coaligned and oblique microtubules, AtMAP65-1-GFP and AtMAP65-5-GFP tended to be associated with the coaligned microtubules. Cortical microtubules labeled with AtMAP65-1-GFP and AtMAP65-5-GFP appeared as thick bundles and showed more resistance to microtubule-destabilizing drugs. The polymerization rates of AtMAP65-1-GFP and AtMAP65-5-GFP microtubules were similar to those of tubulin-GFP marked microtubules but were different from AtEB1a-GFP, a microtubule plus-end-binding EB1-like protein that stimulated polymerization. By contrast, depolymerization rates of AtMAP65-1-GFP- and AtMAP65-5-GFP-labeled microtubules were reduced. AtMAP65-1-GFP associated with polymerizing microtubules within a bundle, and with fixed microtubule termini, suggesting that AtMAP65-1's function is to bundle and stabilize adjacent microtubules of the cortex. Polymerization within a bundle took place in either direction so that bundling occurred between parallel or antiparallel aligned microtubules. AtMAP65-4-GFP did not label cortical microtubules or the preprophase band, despite continuous expression driven by the 35S promoter, and its subcellular localization was restricted to microtubules that rearranged to form a spindle and the polar sides of the spindle proper. The expression of AtMAP65-4 peaked at mitosis, in agreement with a function related to spindle formation, whereas AtMAP65-1 and AtMAP65-5 were expressed throughout the cell cycle.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Benzamides', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Microtubules', 'Mitosis', 'Nitrobenzenes', 'Organothiophosphorus Compounds', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Binding', 'Tobacco', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 15,557,096
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565', 'D02.640.529'], ['D02.705.539', 'D02.886.300'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of eugenol and its effects on thermal hypersensitivity in rats.
|
Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain following central or peripheral nervous system lesions that cause allodynia (pain initiated by a non-painful stimulus) and hyperalgesia (increased pain sensation following a painful stimulus). The first objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of eugenol, the principle chemical constituent of clove oil, following a gavage administration (40 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of repeated oral administrations of eugenol on hyperalgesia and allodynia using an experimental model of neuropathic pain in rats. Thermal and mechanical sensitivity (Hargreave's test and von Frey filaments) were determined in sciatic nerve cuff-implanted rats. Sensitivities were assessed following repeated oral administrations of 40 mg/kg of eugenol or saline for 5 days (n=6 per group). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. Serial blood samples were collected over 24 h. Concentrations of eugenol in blood and plasma peaked rapidly following oral administration. Mean T(1/2) values of eugenol in plasma and blood were long (14.0 and 18.3 h, respectively), suggesting a potential accumulation of the drug following repeated administrations. Reaction time to thermal stimuli appeared to increase constantly following repeated administrations of eugenol. On the last day of treatment, eugenol treatments resulted in a statistically significant prolongation of the reaction time to thermal stimuli in rats compared to the saline group (Mean+/-S.E.M.: 11.4+/-1.23 vs. 6.1+/-0.53 s, P<0.01). These results support the hypothesis that eugenol may alleviate neuropathic pain and that the cumulative effect of the drug may be in part responsible for this effect following repeated daily administrations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Area Under Curve', 'Clove Oil', 'Eugenol', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Neuralgia', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors']
| 17,321,520
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['D20.215.784.750.186'], ['D02.241.223.200.054.500'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interaction of mannan binding lectin with alpha2 macroglobulin via exposed oligomannose glycans: a conserved feature of the thiol ester protein family?
|
The serum collectin mannan-binding lectin (MBL) binds to oligomannose and GlcNAc-terminating glycans present on microorganisms. Using a commercial affinity chromatography resin containing immobilized MBL we screened human and mouse serum for endogenous MBL-binding targets. We isolated the serum protease inhibitor alpha(2) macroglobulin (alpha2M), a heavily glycosylated thiol ester protein (TEP) composed of four identical 180-kDa subunits, each of which has eight N-linked glycosylation sites. alpha2M has previously been reported to interact with MBL; however, the interaction was not characterized. We investigated the mechanism of formation of complexes between alpha2M and MBL and concluded that they form by the direct binding of oligomannose glycans Man(5-7) occupying Asn-846 on alpha2M to the lectin domains (carbohydrate recognition domains) of MBL. The oligomannose glycans are accessible for lectin binding on both active alpha2M (thiol ester intact) and protease-cleaved alpha2M (thiol ester cleaved). We demonstrate that MBL is able to interact with alpha2M in the fluid phase, but the interaction does not inhibit the binding of MBL to mannan-coated surfaces. In addition to alpha2M, two other members of the TEP family, C3 and C4, which also contain oligomannose glycans, were captured from human serum using the MBL resin. MBL binding may be a conserved feature of the TEPs, dating from their ancestral origins. We suggest that the inhibition of proteases on the surface of microorganisms by an ancestral alpha2M-like TEP may generate "arrays" of oligomannose glycans to which MBL or other lectins can bind. Binding would lead to opsonization or activation of enzyme systems such as complement.
|
['Animals', 'Asparagine', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Esters', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lectins', 'Mannose', 'Mannose-Binding Lectin', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Microscopy', 'Polysaccharides', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Temperature', 'Thrombin', 'Ultracentrifugation', 'alpha-Macroglobulins']
| 16,407,218
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D02.241.400'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.503'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['D12.776.503.280.249.500', 'D12.776.503.311.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['D09.698'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D02.886.489'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941'], ['D12.776.124.050.080', 'D12.776.124.790.106.100', 'D12.776.124.790.720.100', 'D12.776.377.715.085.100', 'D12.776.377.715.647.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A preliminary risk assessment of potential exposure to naturally occurring estrogens from Beijing (China) market milk products.
|
This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of the natural steroid hormones estrone (E1), 17á-estradiol (áE2), 17â-estradiol (âE2) and estriol (E3) in 38 commercial milk samples obtained from markets in Beijing, China. Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to determine estrogens levels. The concentrations of E1, áE2, âE2 and E3 in different milk products varied from 0-146.12 ng/L, 0-70.12 ng/L, 0-31.85 ng/L to 0-2.18 ng/L, respectively. We compared exposures to estrogens through milk consumption with acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and threshold for toxicological concern (TTC) to determine whether estrogen intakes from milk consumption are larger or smaller than the toxicity-based benchmarks. The combined margin of safety MOS (MOST) for total estrogens are about 72-99, 118-161, 539-1104, for 2-4, 4-7 year-old residential children, and adults, respectively. The lowest MOST for children of 2-4 years old result from comparing total of estrogens with the lowest TTC value (0.15 ìg/person/day) (MOS=3.5). The MOS values suggest that the individual and total estrogens that may present in milk are not causing a health risk for the local residents, including young children.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Estrogens', 'Humans', 'Risk Assessment', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 24,910,459
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hospital week celebration is potent P.R. tool.
|
A hospital uses National Hospital Week events to reach out both to the public and to its employees.
|
['Anniversaries and Special Events', 'Annual Reports as Topic', 'Disaster Planning', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299', 'Hospitals', 'New Jersey', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Public Relations', 'Radio']
| 7,364,401
|
[['K01.400.095', 'N04.452.822.070'], ['N04.452.070'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['N02.278.306.472.120'], ['N02.278.421'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.525'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['N04.452.822'], ['J01.897.280.500.739', 'L01.178.590.700', 'L01.178.820.090.739', 'L01.178.847.514']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Molecular basis for the interaction of four different classes of substrates and inhibitors with human aromatase.
|
Aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19) converts androgen to estrogen. In this study, the interactions of four classes of compounds, 17beta-estradiol (the product of aromatase), 17-methyltestosterone (a synthetic androgen), dibenzylfluorescein (a synthetic substrate of aromatase), and coumestrol (a phytoestrogen), with aromatase were investigated through spectral analysis using purified human recombinant aromatase and site-directed mutagenesis studies using CHO cells expressing wild-type human aromatase or five aromatase mutants, E302D, D309A, T310S, S478T and H480Q. Spectral analysis showed that a type I binding spectrum was produced by the binding of 17-methyltestosterone to aromatase and a novel binding spectrum of aromatase was induced by dibenzylfluorescein. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that residues S478 and H480 in the beta-4 sheet play an important role in the binding of all four compounds. Computer-assisted docking of these compounds into the three-dimensional model of aromatase revealed that: (1) weak interaction between 17beta-estradiol and the beta-4 sheet of aromatase facilitates the release of 17beta-estradiol from the active site of aromatase; (2) 17-methyl group of 17-methyltestosterone affects its binding to aromatase; (3) dibenzylfluorescein binds to the active site of aromatase with its O-dealkylation site near the heme iron and residue T310; and (4) coumestrol binds to aromatase in a manner such that rings A and C of coumestrol mimic rings A and B of steroid. These structure-function studies help us to evaluate the structural model of aromatase, and to accelerate the structure-based design for new aromatase inhibitors.
|
['Animals', 'Aromatase', 'Aromatase Inhibitors', 'CHO Cells', 'Coumestrol', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Estradiol', 'Fluoresceins', 'Humans', 'Methyltestosterone', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Transfection']
| 18,184,606
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.489.500', 'D08.244.453.915.099', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.447.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.099', 'D12.776.422.220.453.489.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.099'], ['D27.505.519.389.870.300', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327.149', 'D27.505.696.399.450.855.300'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.187', 'D03.383.663.283.446.350', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.187', 'D03.633.100.150.446.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824.664'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of tolerability and ability to increase immunosuppression in renal transplant patients converted from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium.
|
BACKGROUND: Dose reductions or discontinuations of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) result in higher incidences of acute rejection and graft loss. Converting renal transplant patients experiencing MMF-related gastrointestinal (GI) side effects to equimolar enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) may relieve GI symptoms.METHODS: In this prospective 12-month study, renal transplant patients maintained on suboptimal MMF doses (<1500 mg/d) due to GI intolerance were converted to equimolar EC-MPS followed by incremental EC-MPS dose increases (180 mg/d) every 7 weeks to an established maximum, if well tolerated. Changes in GI symptoms were assessed by physician judgment and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (mean age: 52.0 +/- 13.6 years) were converted from MMF (930.0 +/- 153.4 mg/d) to equimolar EC-MPS (669.6 +/- 110.5 mg/d) at day 0. Twenty-three of 25 patients tolerated equimolar dose conversion and one or more EC-MPS dose increments at week 28. Compared to baseline, patients received significantly more EC-MPS at week 28 and week 49 (mean dose: 1033.0 +/- 164.8 mg/d, P < .0001 and 1001.7 +/- 209.0 mg/d, P < .0001, respectively). Two patients dropped out by week 7 for reasons unrelated to EC-MPS. The mean serum creatinine remained stable and no clinical acute rejection episodes occurred over 12 months. Mean GSRS total score remained stable through month 12 when compared to day 0 despite increases in EC-MPS dose.CONCLUSION: In renal transplant patients receiving suboptimal MMF doses due to GI symptoms, conversion to EC-MPS enabled equimolar prescription and subsequent dose increase without increased GI intolerance.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cyclosporine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Tolerance', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Prospective Studies', 'Safety', 'Tablets, Enteric-Coated', 'Tacrolimus']
| 19,917,367
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.992'], ['C06.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['D26.255.210.860', 'D26.255.830.860'], ['D02.540.505.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
GPU-based minimum variance beamformer for synthetic aperture imaging of the eye.
|
Minimum variance (MV) beamforming has emerged as an adaptive apodization approach to bolster the quality of images generated from synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging methods that are based on unfocused transmission principles. In this article, we describe a new high-speed, pixel-based MV beamforming framework for synthetic aperture imaging to form entire frames of adaptively apodized images at real-time throughputs and document its performance in swine eye imaging case examples. Our framework is based on parallel computing principles, and its real-time operational feasibility was realized on a six-GPU (graphics processing unit) platform with 3,072 computing cores. This framework was used to form images with synthetic aperture imaging data acquired from swine eyes (based on virtual point-source emissions). Results indicate that MV-apodized image formation with video-range processing throughput (>20 fps) can be realized for practical aperture sizes (128 channels) and frames with ë/2 pixel spacing. Also, in a corneal wound detection experiment, MV-apodized images generated using our framework revealed apparent contrast enhancement of the wound site (10.8 dB with respect to synthetic aperture images formed with fixed apodization). These findings indicate that GPU-based MV beamforming can, in real time, potentially enhance image quality when performing synthetic aperture imaging that uses unfocused firings.
|
['Animals', 'Computer Graphics', 'Computer Simulation', 'Equipment Design', 'Eye', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Swine', 'Ultrasonography']
| 25,638,315
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.320'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['L01.224.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Visual field defect classification in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center-Brien Holden Vision Institute High Myopia Registry Study.
|
PURPOSE: To describe a new combined myopia and glaucoma visual field classification system in order to report the visual field defects in a population of mostly young Chinese high myopes aged 7-70 years.METHODS: A total of 1434 visual fields (including confirmatory repeats of abnormal defects) from 487 high myopes (sphere ?-6.0 D) were analysed from the prospective Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center-Brien Holden Vision Institute (ZOC-BHVI) High Myopia Registry Study. The predefined classification definitions covering high myopia and glaucoma categories were: normal, enlarged blind spot, abnormal suspect and abnormal with nine subtypes. Two independent graders reviewed the first 150 of 1434 fields for initial grading calibration and the remaining 1284 fields were used to assess intergrader agreement. For the percentage distribution of visual fields, the repeats and unreliable fields were excluded, leaving 894 fields.RESULTS: The intergrader agreement of this combined classification system was a ê value of 0.61 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.63). Among the 894 unique fields, the most common visual field was normal at 33.7% followed by enlarged blind spot at 25.6%. The per cent of 'arcuate-like' field defects (combining nasal step, early arcuate and advanced arcuate) was 16.1% with advanced arcuate at 3.4%.CONCLUSIONS: A proposed combined visual field classification for high myopia and glaucoma demonstrates acceptable intergrader agreement. A total of 16.1% of defects in young high myopes were found to mimic classic glaucomatous defects. These subjects are being followed prospectively to assess which ones will progress to differentiate myopic from glaucomatous field defects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'China', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myopia', 'Optic Disk', 'Prospective Studies', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Registries', 'Scotoma', 'Time Factors', 'Visual Field Tests', 'Visual Fields', 'Young Adult']
| 27,033,693
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744.636'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['C10.597.751.941.811', 'C11.966.811', 'C23.888.592.763.941.811'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.380.850.962'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Risk-sensitive foraging and the evolution of cooperative breeding and reproductive skew.
|
BACKGROUND: Group formation and food sharing in animals may reduce variance in resource supply to breeding individuals. For some species it has thus been interpreted as a mechanism of risk avoidance. However, in many groups reproduction is extremely skewed. In such groups resources are not shared equally among the members and inter-individual variance in resource supply may be extreme. The potential consequences of this aspect of group living have not attained much attention in the context of risk sensitive foraging.RESULTS: We develop a model of individually foraging animals that share resources for reproduction. The model allows analyzing how mean foraging success, inter-individual variance of foraging success, and the cost of reproduction and offspring raising influence the benefit of group formation and resource sharing. Our model shows that the effects are diametrically opposed in egalitarian groups versus groups with high reproductive skew. For individuals in egalitarian groups the relative benefit of group formation increases under conditions of increasing variance in foraging success and decreasing cost of reproduction. On the other hand individuals in groups with high skew will profit from group formation under conditions of decreasing variance in individual foraging success and increasing cost of reproduction.CONCLUSION: The model clearly demonstrates that reproductive skew qualitatively changes the influence of food sharing on the reproductive output of groups. It shows that the individual benefits of variance reduction in egalitarian groups and variance enhancement in groups with reproductive skew depend critically on ecological and life-history parameters. Our model of risk-sensitive foraging thus allows comparing animal societies as different as spiders and birds in a single framework.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Breeding', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Food Chain', 'Models, Biological']
| 18,366,668
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Investigating changes in mortality attributable to heat and cold in Stockholm, Sweden.
|
Projections of temperature-related mortality rely upon exposure-response relationships using recent data. Analyzing long historical data and trends may extend knowledge of past and present impacts that may provide additional insight and improve future scenarios. We collected daily mean temperatures and daily all-cause mortality for the period 1901-2013 for Stockholm County, Sweden, and calculated the total attributable fraction of mortality due to non-optimal temperatures and quantified the contribution of cold and heat. Total mortality attributable to non-optimal temperatures varied between periods and cold consistently had a larger impact on mortality than heat. Cold-related attributable fraction (AF) remained stable over time whereas heat-related AF decreased. AF on cold days remained stable over time, which may indicate that mortality during colder months may not decline as temperatures increase in the future. More research is needed to enhance estimates of burdens related to cold and heat in the future.
|
['Cold Temperature', 'Forecasting', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Mortality', 'Sweden', 'Temperature']
| 29,748,912
|
[['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['I01.320'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Role of the insular cortex in the modulation of baroreflex sensitivity.
|
Cervical vagal stimulation for 2 h results in a depressed baroreflex sensitivity produced by an enhanced sympathetic output, as indicated by increased plasma norepinephrine levels. The current study examined the role of the insular cortex in modulating the vagal stimulation-induced changes in baroreflex sensitivity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiobutabarbitol sodium and instrumented for recording blood pressure, heart rate, intravenous drug administration, and vagal afferent nerve stimulation. Stereotaxic microinjections (300 nl) of either 5% lidocaine or 0.9% saline were made bilaterally into the insula. Thirty minutes after 2 h of vagal stimulation, the baroreflex was significantly depressed and plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly elevated in both groups. The baroreflex was also significantly depressed after bilateral lidocaine injections into the insula, independent of vagal stimulation. However, no significant change in plasma norepinephrine was observed, suggesting that an attenuated parasympathetic output contributed to the altered baroreflex. Taken together, the results suggest that the insular cortex modulates the cardiac baroreflex through a modulation of parasympathetic output.
|
['Anesthetics, Local', 'Animals', 'Baroreflex', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Lidocaine', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 9,612,410
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['G09.330.380.057', 'G11.561.731.063'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['A08.800.050.800'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fas and Fas ligand expression in fetal and adult human testis with normal or deranged spermatogenesis.
|
In mice, the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system has been shown to be involved in germ cell apoptosis. In the present study we evaluated the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in fetal and adult human testis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of Fas and FasL messenger ribonucleic acids in adult testis, but not in fetal testis (20-22 weeks gestation). In situ RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments on adult human testis demonstrated the expression of FasL messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in Sertoli and Leydig cells, whereas the expression of Fas was confined to the Leydig cells and sporadic degenerating spermatocytes. The number of Fas-positive germ cells per 100 Sertoli cell nuclei was increased in 10 biopsies with postmeiotic germ cell arrest compared to 10 normal testis biopsies (mean, 3.82 +/- 0.45 vs. 2.02 +/- 0.29; P = 0.0001), but not in 10 biopsies with meiotic germ cell arrest (mean, 1.56 +/- 1.07). Fas and FasL proteins were not expressed in cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Together, these findings may suggest that Fas/FasL expression in the human testis is developmentally regulated and under gonadotropin control. The increased germ cell expression of Fas in patients with postmeiotic germ cell arrest suggests that the Fas/FasL system may be involved in the quality control mechanism of the produced gametes.
|
['Abortion, Therapeutic', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Leydig Cells', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligospermia', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sertoli Cells', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Testis', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'fas Receptor']
| 10,946,867
|
[['E04.520.050.060'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.360.444.849.513', 'A06.300.312.782.513', 'A11.382.906', 'A11.436.513'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.294.365.700.508'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A05.360.444.849.789', 'A11.382.952', 'A11.436.837'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Outcome of newborn with birth weight less than or equal to 1500g and gestational age less than or equal to 32 weeks, during the 2 first years of age corrected: comparison of two time periods].
|
INTRODUCTION: Advances in perinatal care have resulted in increased survival rates for extremely low birth weight children, but it is fundamental to know if these improved survival rates have been accompanied by increased impairment rates.OBJECTIVE: To compare, over two different time periods, the survival and disability rates at 2 years of corrected age, among newborns < or =32 weeks and weighed < or = 1500 g at birth.METHODOLOGY: Follow-up study that included 963 children born in the hospital between 1991 and 2004 who met the study criteria. Neonatal morbidity, mortality and disability to 2 years of corrected age in 2 time periods 1991-1998 (period I) and 1999-2004 (period II) have been evaluated and analysed by subgroups of weight (weight < 1000 g and 1000-1500 g).RESULTS: Mortality decreased significantly during the second period, both for children with birth weight <1000 g (32% vs 44%) as for those with birth weight between 1000 and 1500 g ( 3,6% vs 9%). Analysing all children < or = 1500 g, an increase in the survivors without disability was observed in the second period (69% vs 60%, p=0.003); but by subgroups this increase only was significant in children with birth weight 1000-1500 g (67% vs 82%).CONCLUSIONS: In our study, globally analysing all children with birth weight < or = 1500 g, it can be seen that there has been an increase in survival without an increase in the frequency of disabilities. Analysing by weight subgroups, survival has increased in both groups, but disability has decreased only in the birth weight 1000-1500 g subgroup.
|
['Age Factors', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Time Factors']
| 20,435,533
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential fibrinolytic properties of the recombinant plasminogen activator BM 06.022 in human plasma and blood clot systems in vitro.
|
The effects of the unglycosylated recombinant plasminogen activator BM 06.022, consisting of the kringle 2 and protease domains of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), on clot lysis were evaluated in an in vitro system. Fresh and aged 125I-labelled human platelet-poor (PPP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood clots were immersed in human plasma. Clot lysis was quantitated by measurement of released 125I. Fresh PPP clots were time- and concentration-dependently lysed by BM 06.022, alteplase, melanoma t-PA (mt-PA), and urokinase. Fifty per cent clot lysis at 4 h required 3.2-, 6.4- and 15.2-fold higher nM concentrations of mt-PA, BM 06.022, and urokinase respectively compared with alteplase. Maximal lysis (Emax) at 4 h was similar (84.1-87.6%) for BM 06.022, alteplase, and mt-PA, but lower (65.3 +/- 0.6%) for urokinase. Emax for BM 06.022 was lower (P < 0.05) than for alteplase for fresh and aged PRP and whole blood clot lysis. These data suggest that in vitro BM 06.022 achieved, compared with alteplase, the same maximal efficacy in fresh PPP-clot lysis despite a lower potency, but was less effective in lysing aged and fresh PRP and whole blood clots.
|
['Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Plasma', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 8,388,740
|
[['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['G09.188.390.150.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.541'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ontogeny of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in rats--an immunohistochemical study.
|
In fetal rats neurophysin has been visualized immunohistochemically first at the 16th gestation day in perikaryons of the supraoptic nucleus, followed by the median eminence and the neurohypophysis at the 17th day, and the paraventricular neurons at the 19th day. The external zone of the median eminence contains abundantly immunoreactive fibres at the first days post partum. In the perikaryons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus immunoreactive material appears after the 3rd day of postnatal development.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Female', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats']
| 334,523
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A comparative study: use of a Brain-computer Interface (BCI) device by people with cerebral palsy in interaction with computers.
|
This article presents a comparative study among people with cerebral palsy and healthy controls, of various ages, using a Brain-computer Interface (BCI) device. The research is qualitative in its approach. Researchers worked with Observational Case Studies. People with cerebral palsy and healthy controls were evaluated in Portugal and in Brazil. The study aimed to develop a study for product evaluation in order to perceive whether people with cerebral palsy could interact with the computer and compare whether their performance is similar to that of healthy controls when using the Brain-computer Interface. Ultimately, it was found that there are no significant differences between people with cerebral palsy in the two countries, as well as between populations without cerebral palsy (healthy controls).
|
['Brain-Computer Interfaces', 'Brazil', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'Humans', 'Portugal', 'Reaction Time', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 26,536,851
|
[['E07.305.076'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis with bilateral secondary orbital infection.
|
Cavernous sinus thrombosis may occur as a secondary threatening condition to spread from local or distant foci of infection. We report a case where secondary retrograde spread occurred to both the ipsilateral and contralateral orbits with very different clinical manifestations. To our knowledge such spread is unreported. The case highlights the difficulty in recognising orbital collections when venous engorgement secondary to a cavernous sinus thrombosis coexists and demonstrates how the prognosis has been improved through antibiotics, anticoagulation and timely surgical intervention.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Anticoagulants', 'Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orbital Diseases', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus constellatus', 'Visual Acuity']
| 17,613,858
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C10.228.140.300.525.425.500.375', 'C14.907.253.566.350.500.375', 'C14.907.355.590.213.350.500.375'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.675'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.475.150', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.475.150', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.475.150'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genotyping of chimerical BCR-ABL1 RNA in chronic myeloid leukemia by integrated DNA chip.
|
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph(+)) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are associated with fusion of the BCR and ABL1 genes by chromosome translocation. The chimerical BCR-ABL1 gene encodes different fusion proteins that vary in size, depending on the breakpoint in the BCR region. Different types of fusion genes in CML and Ph(+) ALL are thought to be related to the clinical course and outcome of each patient. Currently, the genotypes are determined by PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis or DNA sequencing (among other methodologies). Our major aim was to develop a diagnostic method for CML genotyping by means of an integrated process of DNA microarray. Here, we describe a method of integrated multiplex reverse transcription, asymmetric PCR, and hybridization, all in the same reaction mixture in a chamber assembled on the surface of capture oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a glass slide. The integrated system successfully identified the four predominant types of chimerical BCR-ABL1 RNA (b3a2, b2a2, e1a2, and c3a2), which together account for 98% of CML cases. The integrated multiplex system also had a high sensitivity of detection (as little as 200 molecules of target RNA molecules). The integrated process saves time and effort, and it also the advantage of minimizing the steps needed for automated detection of different types of chimerical CML RNA.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'Gene Order', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 22,749,885
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500.500', 'D12.776.602.500.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.171.500'], ['G05.340'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Survey of cardiac pacing in Canada.
|
UNLABELLED: The status of cardiac pacing in Canada in 1989 was determined from data provided by 62 of 128 physicians surveyed (48% response) and four major manufacturer/distributors. A questionnaire designed for the IXth World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing was used.DEMOGRAPHICS: There were five implant hospitals per million population, 65% community based and 35% university affiliated; 63% of implanters were surgeons. There were 279 new implants and 46 replacement procedures per million population.INDICATIONS: Sinus node disorders accounted for 44.6% of implants, atrioventricular block 43.2% (fixed 24.4%, intermittent 12.0%, incomplete 6.8%), tachycardias 2.9%, drug-induced bradycardia 3.1%, and other (including automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators) 6.2%.TECHNOLOGY: Single chamber units were implanted in 78.6% of patients, and dual chamber in 22.7%, and 19.5% of the total were rate-adaptive. Unipolar leads were used in 57.1% of atrial and 53.2% of ventricular insertions; 40.4% of atrial and 5.8% of ventricular leads were active fixation. The pervenous sheath introducer technique was used in 64.9% of lead insertions. PERIOPERATIVE: Major complications occurred in 2.6% of single and 6.8% of dual chamber primary implants, but mortality was less than 0.1%; 8.4% of replacements were unanticipated; there was no known death from malfunction. Mean hospital stay was 2.7 days for primary implants and 1.4 days for replacement/revisions.CONCLUSIONS: Comparison with prior surveys (1979, 1981, 1985) reveals: increased physician response to the survey questionnaire; relatively stable electrocardiographic indications for implant; a modest increase of new implants per million; continued decrease in replacements; an increase in dual chamber and rate-adaptive pacing; and increased use of active fixation and bipolar electrodes in both atrium and ventricle.
|
['Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Canada', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Data Collection', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'"]
| 1,756,418
|
[['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E02.331.200'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The negative interaction between the degradation of phenanthrene and tricyclazole in medium, soil and soil/compost mixture.
|
To assess the co-catabolism of phenanthrene and tricyclazole in different samples, the interaction during the degradation of phenanthrene and tricyclazole were investigated in medium, soil and soil/spent mushroom compost (SMC) mixture. Generally, tricyclazole showed a negative influence on the activity of phenanthrene dioxygenase and it inhibited the degradation of phenanthrene prominently, both in cultures of phenanthrene catabolic isolates (Sphingomonas paucimobilis ZX4 and the mixed flora M1) and soils, while a similar inhibition caused by phenanthrene was also found for the degradation of tricyclazole in soil/SMC. However, the inhibition effect on phenanthrene degradation was eliminated in soil/SMC mixture, due to the abundant microorganisms and enormous catabolic potential in SMC. Furthermore, it was proved that the negative influence between phenanthrene and tricyclazole was most likely derived from the molecular similarity and it tended to decrease with improved microbial diversity in environment.
|
['Phenanthrenes', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Sphingomonas', 'Thiazoles']
| 18,189,158
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.723', 'D04.615.723'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['B03.440.400.425.750', 'B03.660.050.800.750'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of Florida's Personal Fitness Course on cognitive, attitudinal and physical fitness measures of secondary students: a pilot study.
|
The effects of Florida's Personal Fitness Course were studied on 60 secondary students' cognitive achievement, physical fitness, and attitude toward physical activity. Significant improvement in knowledge of fitness concepts, selected physical fitness parameters, and over-all attitude toward participation in physical activity suggests the course was effective.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attitude', 'Cognition', 'Florida', 'Humans', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Physical Fitness', 'Pilot Projects']
| 3,503,265
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.100'], ['F02.463.188'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.233.543'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Natural killer cells inhibit outgrowth of autologous Epstein-Barr virus-infected B lymphocytes.
|
To determine whether natural killer (NK) cells are the cells responsible for inhibition of outgrowth of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected autologous B lymphocytes, NK-enriched or NK-depleted populations were prepared by Percoll density gradient fractionation and complement lysis depletion of cells reacting with NK-specific monoclonal antibody HNK-1. These cells were then examined in parallel for NK activity and inhibition of outgrowth. NK-enriched low density cells inhibited outgrowth whereas NK-depleted high density cells did not. Low density cells treated with monoclonal antibodies HNK-1 and DR plus complement had little NK activity and failed to inhibit EBV-induced outgrowth, whereas these same cells treated with monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and DR plus complement had strong NK activity and caused marked inhibition of outgrowth. These findings indicate that NK cells rather than mature T cells, monocytes, or B cells, are responsible for inhibition of EBV-induced B cell outgrowth.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Separation', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic']
| 2,993,873
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['G12.287'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of railroad tank car releases using a generalized binomial model.
|
The United States is experiencing an unprecedented boom in shale oil production, leading to a dramatic growth in petroleum crude oil traffic by rail. In 2014, U.S. railroads carried over 500,000 tank carloads of petroleum crude oil, up from 9500 in 2008 (a 5300% increase). In light of continual growth in crude oil by rail, there is an urgent national need to manage this emerging risk. This need has been underscored in the wake of several recent crude oil release incidents. In contrast to highway transport, which usually involves a tank trailer, a crude oil train can carry a large number of tank cars, having the potential for a large, multiple-tank-car release incident. Previous studies exclusively assumed that railroad tank car releases in the same train accident are mutually independent, thereby estimating the number of tank cars releasing given the total number of tank cars derailed based on a binomial model. This paper specifically accounts for dependent tank car releases within a train accident. We estimate the number of tank cars releasing given the number of tank cars derailed based on a generalized binomial model. The generalized binomial model provides a significantly better description for the empirical tank car accident data through our numerical case study. This research aims to provide a new methodology and new insights regarding the further development of risk management strategies for improving railroad crude oil transportation safety.
|
['Accidents', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Petroleum', 'Railroads', 'Risk Factors', 'Risk Management', 'Safety', 'Transportation', 'United States']
| 26,298,272
|
[['N06.850.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['D20.345.630', 'N06.230.132.258.630'], ['J01.937.690'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['J01.937'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical and imaging features associated with intracranial internal carotid artery calcifications in patients with ischemic stroke.
|
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial internal carotid artery calcifications (ICAC), a frequent finding on imaging studies, are predictive of future stroke risk in population-based studies. The clinical significance of this observation among ischemic stroke patients is however less clear. In this study, we analyzed ICAC burden in relation to vascular risk factor profile, stroke etiology, and extent of craniocervical vascular calcifications in a consecutive series of ischemic stroke patients.METHODS: The burden of ICAC was determined both on non-contrast CT and CT-angiography source images by semiquantitative scoring algorithms. The distribution of vascular risk factors, etiologic stroke subtype, and calcification burden in other craniocervical arteries was assessed among patients with no ICAC, mild-moderate ICAC, and severe ICAC.RESULTS: Of 319 patients included into the study, 28 % had no ICAC, 35 % had mild-moderate ICAC, and 37 % had severe ICAC on CT angiography. Independent factors associated with ICAC burden in multivariate analysis included age (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.006), and coronary artery disease (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a stroke etiology of large artery atherosclerosis or cardioaortic embolism was significantly related to higher ICAC burden (p = 0.006). Patients with severe ICAC were more likely to harbor calcifications in other vascular beds (p < 0.001). All of these findings persisted when analyses were repeated with CT-based ICAC burden assessments.CONCLUSION: ICAC burden reflects a continuum of atherosclerotic disease involving carotid arteries together with other craniocervical vascular beds. ICAC is significantly associated with stroke of large vessel or cardioembolic origin. This information might help the clinician in prioritizing etiologic work-up in the acute period.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiography', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vascular Calcification']
| 25,633,540
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C18.452.174.130.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High levels of molecular polymorphism at the KIR2DL4 locus in French and Congolese populations: impact for anthropology and clinical studies.
|
To characterize KIR2DL4 molecular polymorphism, a cloning-sequencing protocol was performed in 49 French and 52 Teke Congolese individuals. These two populations exhibited high levels of genetic diversity for KIR2DL4, possibly under the influence of natural selection. The most frequent alleles in French individuals (i.e., *00801 and *00802 with a cumulated frequency of approximately 43%) were not the same in Congolese individuals (i.e., *00103 at 47%). In the latter population, four new allelic variants were detected, three of them harboring nonsynonymous substitutions leading to amino acid changes in the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the protein. Expression patterns of KIR2DL4 were tightly linked with 9 and 10 poly-adenine polymorphism in exon 7 (i.e., 9A and 10A type alleles). French individuals exhibited a majority of 9A alleles (62%), whereas Congolese individuals had a dominant subset of 10A alleles (72%), suggesting that KIR2DL4 polymorphism could be under the influence of various environmental and pathogenic backgrounds. We conclude that KIR2DL4 might be a good candidate to study for anthropology. In addition, the discovery of its intrinsic variability is shedding light on potential differences among human populations in relation to immunologic functions.
|
['Alleles', 'Congo', 'France', 'Gene Duplication', 'Genetics, Population', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, KIR2DL4']
| 19,679,155
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['Z01.058.290.100.140'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G05.365.590.320', 'G05.558.320'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.500.468']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
The role of hypothalamic glutathione in hypertensive animals.
|
The role of brain glutathione metabolism in hypertensive animals was studied. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from prehypertension to established hypertension, the content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH in the hypothalamus were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those in age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Hypothalamic glutathione reductase (GR) activities in prehypertensive and established hypertensive SHR were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those in WKY. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats (DSR) also had a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher content of GSSG and GSSG/GSH ratio and a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower GR activity in the hypothalamus than the normotensive control. There were no significant differences in these values in the brain stem between hypertensive and normotensive rats. These results suggest that the increased GSSG/GSH ratio due to reduced activity of GR in the hypothalamus may have an important role in the development of hypertension in SHR and DSR.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Glutathione', 'Hypertension', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Rats, Inbred WKY']
| 3,243,001
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SQUARE--determining reliable regions in sequence alignments.
|
The Server for Quick Alignment Reliability Evaluation (SQUARE) is a Web-based version of the method we developed to predict regions of reliably aligned residues in sequence alignments. Given an alignment between a query sequence and a sequence of known structure, SQUARE is able to predict which residues are reliably aligned. The server accesses a database of profiles of sequences of known three-dimensional structures in order to calculate the scores for each residue in the alignment. SQUARE produces a graphical output of the residue profile-derived alignment scores along with an indication of the reliability of the alignment. In addition, the scores can be compared against template secondary structure, conserved residues and important sites.
|
['Algorithms', 'Databases, Protein', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Internet', 'Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Software']
| 14,764,569
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Color Doppler ultrasonography percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of vascular access grafts.
|
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a possible treatment for stenosis. This study aimed to verify the impact of a vascular access (VA) surveillance protocol, based on the detection of functional changes and their correction by a new PTA method for VA performed under color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) guidance. We divided the patients into two groups: group A, before May 1999 (retrospective study) without the surveillance protocol, and group B, from 1 May 1999 to January 2001 (prospective study) with the surveillance protocol. Access blood flow (Qa) was assessed every 4 weeks by ultrasound velocity dilution. In cases of a reduction of >or=35% from the baseline value, VA was examined using CDU: if a stenosis >50% was detected, angioplasty was performed. In cases of Qa reduction <35% we continued monitoring. By Coxs multivariate analyses, only the use of PTA with or without stenting reduced the relative risk of thrombosis by 64% during the follow-up (p=0.017 confidence intervals 88%-15%) in group B patients. Secondary patency was 80% for VA in which we performed PTA with or without stenting at 18 months, and 58% at 18 months in which we did not perform PTA. Our data show how PTA under CDU is useful to maintain and to improve graft patency. This PTA under CDU guidance allows patients to avoid surgical intervention, hospitalization, and adverse reactions to contrast media and exposure to ionizing radiation, with reduced cost and with better graft survival.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Thrombosis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional', 'Vascular Patency']
| 17,534,792
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['E04.035.087', 'E04.100.814.868.249'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Biochemical blood indices of patients with a myocardial infarct complicated by heart rupture].
|
Adrenal function, blood kallikrein-kinin status and the levels of serotonin, histamine, electrolytes and enzymes were repeatedly assessed in 97 patients with myocardial infarction and external cardiorrhexis. Certain patterns were identified as common to the pre-rupture period and the time of the rupture proper that can have a pathogenetic, and sometimes also diagnostic and predictive, significance.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Function Tests', 'Death, Sudden', 'Heart Rupture', 'Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Shock, Cardiogenic', 'Time Factors']
| 3,761,851
|
[['E01.370.374.050'], ['C23.550.260.322'], ['C14.280.470'], ['C14.280.470.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.647.500.750', 'C14.907.585.500.750', 'C23.550.513.355.750.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750.750', 'C23.550.835.550'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Duplication (20p) in association with thyroid carcinoma.
|
We report on a girl with short stature, mental retardation, mutism, "coarse" facial appearance, and papillary-follicular thyroid carcinoma. She had dup(20p) derived from a paternal balanced translocation [(12p;20p)]. We speculate that the carcinoma in our patient may be related to the deletion of material from 12p resulting in absence of genetic material normally required for the suppression of thyroid tumorigenesis.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adolescent', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Multigene Family', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 8,418,651
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.057'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.360', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.360'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.460.470', 'G05.360.162.520.300.460.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Image analysis of effects of 4 drugs on coronary occlusion and myocardial reperfusion injury].
|
Myocardial infarction induced by coronary occlusion (O model) and reperfusion (R model) and the effects of nitroglycerin (Nit), propranolol (Pro), lidocaine (Lid), nifedipine (Nif), and saline were studied in rats by image analysis and weighing methods. The results showed that the myocardial infarct size (MIS) in R and O models were 27 +/- 8% and 39 +/- 6%, respectively (P < 0.01). The roundness and the distances from the border of the infarct zone (IZ) to endocardium or epicardium in R model were greater than those in O model, while the gray level difference between normal and infarct myocardium (delta G) in the R model was less than that in O model. MIS of Nit group in O and R models were 23 +/- 12% and 16 +/- 7%, respectively, which were significantly less than those in Lid, Nif groups, and saline. The reduction of MIS was also found in Pro group in both models. The results suggested that early restoration of blood flow resulted in the salvage of injured myocardium and Nit and Pro were found to have beneficial effects in both models.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Myocardium', 'Nifedipine', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Organ Size', 'Propranolol', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,249,633
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.224.308'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D02.640.636'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence of injury in elite junior Rugby Union: a prospective descriptive study.
|
The high incidence of injury in Rugby Union is well documented, particularly at elite levels of competition. This article describes the incidence and nature of all injuries sustained by elite Western Australian junior Rugby Union players during the 26 weeks up to and including the 1997 National Championship campaign. Informed consent was gained for each participant (n = 44) prior to completion of an extensive baseline questionnaire. Exposure and injury data were collected at each training session and game. The injury incidence rate over the 26 week period was 13.26/1000 player hours. Injury data were analysed by phase of play, position, severity and if occurred at games or training. The incidence of injury was significantly associated with the position played (chi2 = 67.49, p value = 0.008) and the phase of play in which the injury occurred (chi2 = 8.07, p value = 0.042). Tackling was the most dangerous phase of play (52% of injuries) and the most common site of injury was the lower limb (37%). Most injuries occurred during games (56%) and the flanker was the position most at risk of injury (12%). Further research is needed to identify the aetiology of injury at all levels of competition and to use these findings to develop effective injury prevention strategies in this sport. Position-specific risk factors should also be investigated, as should the mechanism of injury associated with tackling which is the phase of play in which significantly more injuries occur in rugby.
|
['Adolescent', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Causality', 'Football', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Western Australia']
| 15,712,499
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C26.115'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['I03.450.642.845.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.639.100.996', 'Z01.678.100.373.996']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Reproducibility of intra-operative measurement of the mechanical axes of the lower limb during total knee replacement with a non-image-based navigation system.
|
OBJECTIVE: The restoration of a normal mechanical axis of the lower limb following total knee prosthesis (TKP) depends on the accuracy of the intra-operative measurement of the femoro-tibial angle. We have studied the reproducibility of intra-operative measurement of the coronal mechanical femoro-tibial axis with the OrthoPilot (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) non-image-based navigation system.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 20 TKP (Aesculap SEARCH Evolution prosthesis) implanted by the same surgical team of two senior orthopedic surgeons was analyzed. They used a non-image-based navigation system that allows the mechanical axes of the femur and tibia to be defined with a kinematic analysis. The operating surgeon and assistant surgeon performed the kinematic analysis twice and once, respectively, and measured coronal mechanical femoro-tibial angles in maximal extension and at 90 degrees flexion without varus or valgus stress.RESULTS: The mean intra-observer variation in the measurement of the coronal mechanical femoro-tibial angle in maximal extension was 0.1 degrees (SD = 0.7 degrees). The mean intra-observer variation in the measurement of the coronal mechanical femoro-tibial angle at 90 degrees of knee flexion was 0.2 degrees (SD = 0.6 degrees). The mean inter-observer variation in the measurement of the coronal mechanical femoro-tibial angle in maximal extension was 0.1 degrees (SD = 0.7 degrees). The mean inter-observer variation in the measurement of the coronal mechanical femoro-tibial angle in maximal extension was 0.0 degrees (SD = 0.6 degrees). There were no significant differences and a high correlation between all paired intra- and inter-observer measurements.CONCLUSION: This system allows high reproducibility of the intra-operative measurement of the mechanical axes of the lower limb by a non-image-based kinematic registration of the hip, knee and ankle centers.
|
['Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Leg', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 16,192,056
|
[['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vascular contractile properties in hypertension. I. A study of testing methods.
|
Abnormal contractile responses of blood vessels are observed widely in several hypertension models and are assumed to play a role in the etiology of essential hypertension. Inconsistent reports also exist due to different animals, preparations, and experimental techniques employed. In this investigation, we compared vascular response of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) with that of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) employing two experimental methods. Thoracic aorta obtained from age-matched animals were contracted by norepinephrine (NE) with either--single-dose method or cumulative-dose method. Differences in both reactivity (maximal tension) and sensitivity (ED50) to NE were observed. Although no significant differences were found between WKY and SHR with either method, the choice of the method employed could affect the outcome. For aorta from WKY, the reactivity to NE was similar for both methods; however, for aorta from SHR, the reactivity obtained by cumulative-dose method was significantly higher. Furthermore, the cumulative-dose method yielded higher sensitivity in both WKY and SHR when compared with that obtained by single-dose method. Taken together, the cumulative-dose method appeared to be a more sensitive method to determine contractile response. Nevertheless, no significant difference in either reactivity or sensitivity to NE in aorta was detected between WKY and SHR when cumulative-dose method was employed. These data indicate that aorta do not exhibit abnormal response to NE in SHR, consistent with earlier findings that not all tissue preparations behave similarly.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Hypertension', 'Methods', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 8,287,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.581'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toxic effects of supplemental copper and roxarsone when fed alone or in combination to young pigs.
|
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) X copper (Cu) interaction in weanling pigs. Supplemental roxarsone at 400 mg/kg diet decreased rate and efficiency of weight gain and caused visible neurological signs of toxicosis. Copper addition (CuSO4 X 5H2O) at a level of 650 mg Cu/kg diet likewise decreased weight gain and feed efficiency, and it also increased hepatic Cu deposition. The combination of these growth-depressing dosages of roxarsone and Cu resulted in a far greater reduction in gain and efficiency of feed utilization than was the case when either compound was fed alone. A growth-promoting dosage of Cu (250 mg/kg) increased weight gain by 32% in one experiment but showed no efficacy in alleviating the growth-depression resulting from feeding 400 mg/kg roxarsone. A roxarsone dosage of 100 mg/kg increased gain and feed efficiency. Surprisingly, the decreased weight gain in pigs fed 650 mg/kg Cu was ameliorated by feeding 100 mg/kg roxarsone concomitantly. This level of roxarsone also reduced liver Cu concentration substantially. It thus appears that the nature of the roxarsone X Cu interaction is dependent on the dose of each compound administered. Moreover, low-dose roxarsone administration appears to ameliorate Cu toxicity, but low-dose Cu feeding does not show efficacy against roxarsone toxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Arsenic Poisoning', 'Bile', 'Body Weight', 'Copper', 'Drug Interactions', 'Liver', 'Roxarsone', 'Swine']
| 3,759,688
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.720.475.150', 'C25.723.098'], ['A12.200.087'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.129.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extracellularly applied ruthenium red and cADP ribose elevate cytosolic Ca2+ in isolated rat osteoclasts.
|
We demonstrated recently that the divalent cation-sensing receptor on the osteoclast, the Ca2+ receptor (CaR), is a functional component of a cell surface-expressed ryanodine receptor-like molecule (RyR). The objective of the present study was to further characterize this putative RyR by use of the two well-known cell-impermeant RyR modulators, ruthenium red and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic diphosphate ribose (cADPr). We found that, when applied extracellularly, ruthenium red (5 x 10(-8)-10(-4) M) and cADPr (5 x 10(-6) M) triggered an elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+]. Depolarization of the cell membrane by the application of 0.1 M K+ in the presence of 5 x 10(-6) M. valinomycin resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the magnitude of the cytosolic Ca2+ response to extracellular ruthenium red (5 x 10(-9) and 5 x 10(-5) M), a phenomenon that was not seen when osteoclasts were hyperpolarized using 5 x 10(-3) M K+ with 5 x 10(-6) M valinomycin. In the presence of an intact nonleaky cell membrane, these results would favor a plasma membrane locus of action for the two modulators. Furthermore, pretreatment of osteoclasts with either modulator resulted in a markedly attenuated cytosolic Ca2+ transient elicited in response to the CaR agonist Ni2+, thus confirming an interaction between the cADPr- and ruthenium red-sensitive sites and the osteoclast CaR. The inhibition of the cytosolic Ca2+ response to Ni2+ induced by ruthenium red remained unchanged in the face of membrane potential changes. Finally, the cytosolic Ca2+ response to caffeine (5 x 10(-4) M), another RyR modulator, was also strongly attenuated by pretreatment with 5 x 10(-9) M ruthenium red. We conclude that ruthenium red and cADPr act on plasma membrane-resident sites and that both these sites interact with the process of divalent cation sensing.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coloring Agents', 'Osteoclasts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Ruthenium Red']
| 8,780,250
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124.070.125', 'D09.408.620.569.070.125', 'D13.695.667.138.124.070.125', 'D13.695.827.068.124.070.125', 'D13.695.827.708.070.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.233'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.210.837', 'D01.625.800', 'D01.765.765']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Speckle tracking echocardiography in mature Irish Wolfhound dogs: technical feasibility, measurement error and reference intervals.
|
BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional strain measurements obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have been reported in both humans and dogs. Incorporation of this technique into canine clinical practice requires the availability of measurements from clinically normal dogs, ideally of the same breed, taken under normal clinical conditions.The aims of this prospective study were to assess if it is possible to obtain STE data during a routine echocardiographic examination in Irish Wolfhound dogs and that these data will provide reference values and an estimation of measurement error.METHODS: Fifty- four healthy mature Irish Wolfhounds were used. These were scanned under normal clinical conditions to obtain in one session both standard echocardiographic parameters and STE data. Measurement error was determined separately in 5 healthy mature Irish Wolfhounds.RESULTS: Eight dogs were rejected by the software algorithm for reasons of image quality, resulting in a total of 46 dogs (85.2%) being included in the statistical analysis. In 46 dogs it was possible to obtain STE data from three scanning planes, as well as to measure the rotation of the left ventricle at two levels and thus calculate the torsion of the heart. The mean peak radial strain at the cardiac apex (RS-apex) was 45.1 ± 10.4% (n = 44), and the mean peak radial strain at the base (RS-base) was 36.9 ± 14.7% (n = 46). The mean peak circumferential strain at the apex (CS-apex) was -24.8 ± 6.2% (n = 44), and the mean peak circumferential strain at the heart base (CS-base) was -15.9 ± 3.2% (n = 44). The mean peak longitudinal strain (LS) was -16.2 ± 3.0% (n = 46). The calculated mean peak torsion of the heart was 11.6 ± 5.1 degrees (n = 45).The measurement error was 24.8%, 26.4%, 11.5%, 6.7%, 9.0% and 10 degrees, for RS-apex, RS-base, CS-apex, CS-base, LS and torsion, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that this technique can be included in a normal echocardiographic examination in large breed dogs under clinical conditions. The usefulness of the reference values reported here, given their wide normal range, will ultimately be determined by the values that are obtained from a large numbers of diseased dogs.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Dogs', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Male', 'Reference Values']
| 23,680,023
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A07.541'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of different hemopoietic microenvironment on the differentiation of hemopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells].
|
OBJECTIVE: To observe the inductive efficiency of deriving hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells co-cultured with human yolk sac stromal cells, fetal liver stromal cells or fetal bone marrow stromal cells,in order to discuss the effect of the different hemopoietic microenvironment on hemopoietic cytogenesis.METHODS: We used two-step method to induce the hES cells into the hematopoietic cells. In the first step the hES cells were co-cultured with cytokines by formation of the day 5 embryoid bodies (5d EBs). In the second step the 5d EB cells were induced into the hematopoietic cells by co-culturing with human yolk sac stromal cells, fetal liver stromal cells or fetal bone marrow stromal cells for 10 days. The inductive efficiencies of deriving hematopoietic cells from hES cells co-cultured with the different hemopoietic microenvironment were reflected by the expression levels of flk, CD34 and CD45 antigen.RESULTS: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the population of the cells co-cultured with human yolk sac stromal cells contained flk (1.80%+/-0.56%), CD34 (1.30%+/-0.14%) or CD45 (1.05%+/-0.63%) positive cells; the population of the cells co-cultured with human fetal liver stromal cells contained flk (34.00%+/-25.45%), CD34 (38.40%+/-24.80%) or CD45 (72.60%+/-25.70%) positive cells; the population of the cells co-cultured with human fetal bone marrow stromal cells contained flk (2.50%+/-1.48%), CD34 (3.20%+/-0.56%) or CD45 (1.65%+/-0.21%) positive cells. Compared with spontaneous differentiation of EBs, all of the three stromal cells could induce EBs into the hematopoietic cells (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The inductive efficiency of deriving hematopoietic cells from EBs co-cultured with human fetal liver stromal cells was higher than EBs co-cultured with human yolk sac stromal cells and fetal bone marrow stromal cells.
|
['Antigens, CD34', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cellular Microenvironment', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Fetus', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Stromal Cells', 'Yolk Sac']
| 18,182,715
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.366'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['A16.378'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.329.830'], ['A10.615.284.981', 'A16.254.750.981', 'A16.331.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy: RPE Lipofuscin is not Increased in Non-Lesion Areas of Retina.
|
Since the lipofuscin of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, we quantified fundus autofluorescence (quantitative fundus autofluorescence, qAF) as an indirect measure of RPE lipofuscin levels. Mean non-lesion qAF was found to be within normal limits for age. By spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) vitelliform lesions presented as fluid-filled subretinal detachments containing reflective material. We discuss photoreceptor outer segment debris as the source of the intense fluorescence of these lesions and loss of anion channel functioning as an explanation for the bullous photoreceptor-RPE detachment. Unexplained is the propensity of the disease for central retina.
|
['Bestrophins', 'Chloride Channels', 'Eye Proteins', 'Fluorescence', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Lipofuscin', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mutation', 'Ophthalmoscopy', 'Retinal Pigment Epithelium', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy']
| 26,427,423
|
[['D12.776.157.530.400.175.063', 'D12.776.306.228', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.063', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.063'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['D12.776.306'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['A09.371.729.313'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.460', 'D23.767.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.370.380.560'], ['A09.371.670.500', 'A09.371.729.887'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['C11.768.585.439.433', 'C16.320.290.763']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
What makes counting count? Verbal and visuo-spatial contributions to typical and atypical number development.
|
Williams Syndrome (WS) is marked by a relative strength in verbal cognition coupled with a serious impairment in non-verbal cognition. A strong deficit in numerical cognition has been anecdotally reported in this disorder; however, its nature has not been systematically investigated. Here, we tested 14 children with WS (mean age=7 years 2 months), 14 typically developing controls individually matched on visuo-spatial ability (mean age=3 years 5 months) as well as a larger group of typically developing controls (mean age=3 years 4 months) on two tasks to assess their understanding that counting determines the exact quantity of sets (cardinality principle). The understanding of the cardinality principle in children with WS is extremely delayed and only at the level predicted by their visuo-spatial MA. In this clinical group, only language accounted for a significant amount of the variance in cardinality understanding, whereas in the normal comparison group only visuo-spatial competence predicted the variance. The present findings suggest that visuo-spatial ability plays a greater role than language ability in the actual development of cardinality understanding in typically developing children, whereas the opposite obtains for the clinical group.
|
['Child', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Nonverbal Communication', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Space Perception', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Visual Perception', 'Williams Syndrome']
| 12,742,762
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F03.615.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F01.145.209.530', 'L01.143.649'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['F01.145.209.908'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['C10.597.606.360.970', 'C14.280.484.048.750.535.960', 'C16.131.260.970', 'C16.320.180.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Infiltrating monocytes promote brain inflammation and exacerbate neuronal damage after status epilepticus.
|
The generalized seizures of status epilepticus (SE) trigger a series of molecular and cellular events that produce cognitive deficits and can culminate in the development of epilepsy. Known early events include opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocytosis accompanied by activation of brain microglia. Whereas circulating monocytes do not infiltrate the healthy CNS, monocytes can enter the brain in response to injury and contribute to the immune response. We examined the cellular components of innate immune inflammation in the days following SE by discriminating microglia vs. brain-infiltrating monocytes. Chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2(+)) monocytes invade the hippocampus between 1 and 3 d after SE. In contrast, only an occasional CD3(+) T lymphocyte was encountered 3 d after SE. The initial cellular sources of the chemokine CCL2, a ligand for CCR2, included perivascular macrophages and microglia. The induction of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1â was greater in FACS-isolated microglia than in brain-invading monocytes. However, Ccr2 knockout mice displayed greatly reduced monocyte recruitment into brain and reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1â in hippocampus after SE, which was explained by higher expression of the cytokine in circulating and brain monocytes in wild-type mice. Importantly, preventing monocyte recruitment accelerated weight regain, reduced BBB degradation, and attenuated neuronal damage. Our findings identify brain-infiltrating monocytes as a myeloid-cell subclass that contributes to neuroinflammation and morbidity after SE. Inhibiting brain invasion of CCR2(+) monocytes could represent a viable method for alleviating the deleterious consequences of SE.
|
['Animals', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Encephalitis', 'Gliosis', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Monocytes', 'Neurons', 'Receptors, CCR2', 'Seizures', 'Status Epilepticus']
| 27,601,660
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['C23.550.369'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.200', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.200'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['C10.597.742.785', 'C23.888.592.742.785']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 is a negative regulator of dendritic cell activation.
|
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a hematopoietic cell-restricted member of the Ste20 kinases that acts as a negative regulator of T cell functions through the AP-1, NFAT, and NFkappaB pathways. Using HPK1-deficient (HPK1(-/-)) mice, we report in this study a novel role for HPK1 in dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, we observed that matured HPK1(-/-) bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) are superior to their wild-type (WT) counterpart in stimulating T cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Several characteristics of HPK1(-/-) BMDCs may account for this enhanced activity: Matured HPK1(-/-) BMDCs express higher levels of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and I-A(b) as well as produce more proinflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 than their WT littermates. The role of HPK1 as a proapoptotic molecule was assessed post activation with LPS, and results indicated that HPK1(-/-) BMDCs are significantly resistant to LPS-induced apoptosis. Our results led us to investigate the role of HPK1(-/-) BMDCs in tumor immunotherapy. Using a s.c. murine model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma, we found that HPK1(-/-) BMDCs eliminate established s.c. Lewis Lung Carcinoma more efficiently than their WT counterpart. Our data reveal a novel role for HPK1 as a negative regulator of DC functions, identifying its potential as a molecular target for DC-based immunotherapy against cancers.
|
['Animals', 'Antigen Presentation', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Carcinoma, Lewis Lung', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 19,414,772
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.119', 'G12.450.050.400.070'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C04.557.470.200.280', 'C04.619.230'], ['G04.152'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of mutations on the detection of translational signals based on a communications theory approach.
|
Gene and regulatory sequence identification is the first step in the functional annotation of any genome. Identification and annotation of such elements in the genome is a fundamental challenge in genomics and computational biology. Since regulatory elements are often short and variable, their identification and discovery using computational algorithms is difficult. However, significant advances have been made in the computational methods for modeling and detection of DNA regulatory elements. This paper proposes a novel use of techniques and principles from communications engineering and coding theory for modeling, identification and analysis of genomic regulatory elements and biological sequences. The last 13 bases sequence in the 16S rRNA molecule was used as a test sequence and was detected using the proposed models. Results show that the proposed models are not only able to identify this regulatory element (RE) in the mRNA sequence, but also can help identify coding from noncoding regions. The models described in this work where used to study the effect of mutations in the last 13 bases sequence of the 16S rRNA molecule. The obtained results showed total agreement with published investigations on mutations which further certify the biological relevance of the proposed models.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Models, Statistical', 'Mutation', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional', 'Ribosomes', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Software']
| 19,963,598
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.750'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['E05.393.751'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Functional gene expression analysis of tissue-specific isoforms of Mef2c.
|
Mef2c contains three alternative exons and generates six Mef2c isoforms in mice. Mef2c á1â isoforms are expressed in neuronal tissues, á2 isoforms are expressed in muscle, and á1 isoforms are expressed in many other tissues. The ã region inclusion and skipped isoforms are present in equal amounts in many tissues. In this study, differences in the transcriptional activities of each tissue-specific isoform of Mef2c in neuronal cells were examined. Using an MEF2-responsive reporter, exon â-dependent transactivation was found in neuronal cells, as well as in other cell lines previously described. Microarray analysis was used to examine the transcriptional activities of each Mef2c isoform and to assess differences in endogenous gene expression induced by the different isoforms. The results showed significant gene expression changes due to overexpression of Mef2c isoforms in both an isoforms-dependent and -independent manner.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Luciferases', 'MEF2 Transcription Factors', 'Mice', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Myogenic Regulatory Factors', 'Organ Specificity', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Transfection', 'Validation Studies as Topic']
| 21,842,419
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.210.500.570.294', 'D12.776.260.103.750.294', 'D12.776.260.400.249.624', 'D12.776.930.125.750.294', 'D12.776.930.397.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.588.570'], ['D12.776.210.500.570', 'D12.776.260.103.750', 'D12.776.930.125.750'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['E05.337.925', 'N05.715.360.335.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Functional cortical effects of novel allelic variants of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in humans.
|
INTRODUCTION: Genetic variations of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence indicates that the biallelic polymorphic region (S and L allele) contains additional variations affecting the mRNA expression.METHODS: According to recent preclinical and clinical studies, the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LD) was investigated as surrogate parameter for the central serotonergic activity in 185 healthy subjects subdivided according to newly identified 5-HTTLPR genotypes.RESULTS: Individuals homozygous for the L (A) allele showed the lowest LD of all genotypes suggesting a high serotonergic neurotransmission. The other observed genotypes (L (A)/L (G), S/L (A), S/L (G), S/S) had an LD which was similar to each other but higher compared to the L (A)/L (A) genotype.DISCUSSION: The data provide a rationale to subdivide the L allele of the 5-HTTLPR into L (A) and L (G) alleles in terms of their serotonin activity as indicated by the LD. The present IN VIVO measurements provide a basis for grouping the L (G) and S alleles for further investigations.
|
['Adult', 'Alleles', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'DNA', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 17,874,349
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.311', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.624', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.374', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.747'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone: Case report and review of the literature.
|
BACKGROUND: Benign osteoblastoma arising from the temporal bone is extremely rare in elderly patients. We reviewed the literature on benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone and now propose a new classification of this pathologic entity based on its anatomical location in the temporal bone.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 68-year-old woman presented with tinnitus and hearing disturbance with a duration of 1 year. Her neurologic examination revealed mixed hearing disturbance and hypogeusia. Preoperative computed tomography showed a bony destructive isodensity mass with calcified component involving the temporal bone. The FDG-PET scan showed high uptake on the lesion. After preoperative embolization on the day before surgery, the patient underwent tumor removal via a left infratemporal approach under neuronavigated guidance. The pathologic examination revealed a benign osteoblastoma.CONCLUSION: We present the first case of FDG-PET showing high uptake on the lesion. Preoperative embolization is useful to reduce the amount of bleeding during the surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Hearing Loss', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Neuronavigation', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Osteoblastoma', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Radiography', 'Temporal Bone', 'Tinnitus', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,084,206
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['E04.525.800.324', 'E04.749.250', 'E05.873.249'], ['E04.525'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.600'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['C23.550.414.941', 'C23.550.767.850'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.781.885'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro lymphoproliferative responses to malaria antigens: a prospective study of residents of a holoendemic area with perennial malaria transmission.
|
A longitudinal, prospective study to examine the relationship between the outcome of infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites and in vitro T-cell proliferative responses to a P. falciparum schizont extract (PfSE) was conducted in a village in south-eastern Gabon, an area where malaria is holoendemic and transmission is intense and perennial. The donor's age was found to have a strong independent influence on all malariometric indices. At the community level, the in vitro lymphoproliferative response to PfSE was bimodal with 30% of the villagers studied showing persistently low responses. The frequency of low or high responders within the study population did not show any consistent relationship with the community parasite rates or the number of either patent parasitaemic episodes or clinical malarial attacks per individual. At the individual donor level, the response was negatively correlated with P. falciparum parasite density in those donors who were parasitaemic at the time of sampling. High in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to PfSE were predictive of resistance to clinical malaria. The PfSE-induced in vitro lymphoproliferative response was dependent on antigen presenting cells, CD4+ T-cells and UCHL-1+ cells.
|
['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Gabon', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Prospective Studies', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 8,094,548
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['D23.050.293'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.058.290.100.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spontaneous rupture of EPL and ECRB tendons in a washerwoman: an unusual phenomenon.
|
Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is rare, and spontaneous non-traumatic rupture of both extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendons is not reported in literature. Rupture of EPL is usually associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic or local steroid injections, fractures of the wrist and repetitive and excessive abnormal motion of the wrist joint. We describe a case of spontaneous rupture of the EPL and ECRB tendons in a female patient, washerwoman by occupation, with no predisposing factor. Exploration of the tendons along with end to end tendon repair was done with excellent results. We describe the possible mechanism of the injury and result after one year follow up.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Rupture', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Tendon Injuries', 'Wrist']
| 24,875,511
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.761'], ['C23.300.909'], ['C26.874'], ['A01.378.800.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activation.
|
AIM: To investigate the effects of IH764-3 on HSC apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 protein in HSC apoptotic process.METHODS: HSCs were cultured in medium with different IH764-3 doses(10 microg.mL(-1) 20 microg.mL(-1) 30 microg.mL(-1) 40 microg.mL(-1)) and without IH764-3 and HSC proliferation was quantitatively measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. The morphological changes of HSCs were observed with transmission electron microscope after exposure to the dose of 40 microg.mL(-1) of IH764-3 for 48 hr. The apoptosis rates were detected by annexin V/PI and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of caspase-3 protein was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS: (1) HSC proliferation rates induced with different IH764-3 doses (10 microg.mL(-1) 20 microg.mL(-1) 30 microg.mL(-1) 40 microg.mL(-1)) were significantly reduced compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). (2)With the doses above,IH764-3 dose-dependently produced HSC apoptosis rates of 6.7%(9.4%) 9.3%(21.6%) 15.1%(27.2%) and 19.0%(28.4%) respectively by annexin V and PI-labeled flow cytometry assay or TUNEL while it was only 2.3%(6.7%) in the control. (3) The expression of caspase-3 protein in IH764-3 groups was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Within the dose range used in present study IH764-3 can inhibit HSC proliferation as well as enhance HSC apoptosis. Furthermore IH764-3 can significantly increase the caspase-3 protein expression.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Hepatocytes', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Phytotherapy', 'Rats', 'Salvia miltiorrhiza']
| 12,046,082
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.436.348'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E02.190.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.922.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An approach for practical multiobjective IMRT treatment planning.
|
PURPOSE: To introduce and demonstrate a practical multiobjective treatment planning procedure for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning.METHODS AND MATERIALS: The creation of a database of Pareto optimal treatment plans proceeds in two steps. The first step solves an optimization problem that finds a single treatment plan which is close to a set of clinical aspirations. This plan provides an example of what is feasible, and is then used to determine mutually satisfiable hard constraints for the subsequent generation of the plan database. All optimizations are done using linear programming.RESULTS: The two-step procedure is applied to a brain, a prostate, and a lung case. The plan databases created allow for the selection of a final treatment plan based on the observed tradeoffs between the various organs involved.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method reduces the human iteration time common in IMRT treatment planning. Additionally, the database of plans, when properly viewed, allows the decision maker to make an informed final plan selection.
|
['Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Hemangiopericytoma', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated']
| 17,920,782
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['C04.557.645.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Subjective versus objective behavioral ratings following two analogue tasks: a comparison of socially phobic and non-anxious adolescents.
|
Although results regarding objective social skills deficits in adults are inconsistent, research with youth have consistently demonstrated such deficits. Furthermore, research has consistently demonstrated subjective appraisal of social skill deficit in both youth and adults with social phobia or social anxiety. As a result, research has begun to examine the presence of a negative perceptual bias in individuals with social phobia and social anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to extend the findings of social skill deficits to an adolescent sample by investigating differences between adolescents with social phobia and non-anxious peers with regard to objective and subjective behavioral ratings. In addition, the presence of a negative perceptual bias was investigated by examining discrepancy scores between these ratings. The results of the current study provide support for the presence of social skill deficits in a socially phobic adolescent population and are the first to suggest that a limited negative bias exists in this population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Anxiety', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Observation', 'Phobic Disorders', 'Role Playing', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Social Behavior', 'Verbal Behavior']
| 16,697,550
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['F01.470.132'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.249'], ['F03.080.725'], ['E02.190.525.781.653', 'F04.754.864.581.679.653'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F01.145.209.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Validation of the Korean version of the Bayer activities of daily living scale.
|
The Bayer-activities of daily living (B-ADL) is a brief and internationally applicable ADL instrument which has been validated in three European countries. The B-ADL has been developed to provide a tool for the assessment of functional deficits in performance of every day tasks as they are observed in mild to moderate stages of dementia. The B-ADL has been constructed for use in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice. From an international perspective the major application is the evaluation of treatment effects in clinical studies and the current study was to validate the Korean version of the B-ADL. The B-ADL was administered to a total of 129 subjects with varying degrees of cognitive decline. A substantial cross-sectional correlation between B-ADL and MMSE scores was found. The internal consistency of B-ADL was above 0.98. A factor analysis revealed that a one factor solution accounted for most of the total variance. The B-ADL global score significantly increased as the severity of dementia, assessed by global deterioration scale increased from stage 1 to 5. Test-retest reliabilities of B-ADL global score and each item were very high. All of these results were very similar to those from three European countries except for the proportion of 'non-applicability' in some ADL items. These findings provide evidence that the Korean version of B-ADL can be useful not only for clinical purposes but also for international multicentre studies.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Dementia, Vascular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 12,923,826
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['C10.228.140.300.400', 'C10.228.140.300.510.800.500', 'C10.228.140.380.230', 'C10.228.140.695.500', 'C14.907.137.126.372.500', 'C14.907.253.560.350.500', 'F03.615.400.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of cystic fibrosis-associated mutations in the fourth intracellular loop of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
|
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) contains multiple membrane spanning sequences that form a Cl- channel pore and cytosolic domains that control the opening and closing of the channel. The fourth intracellular loop (ICL4), which connects the tenth and eleventh transmembrane spans, has a primary sequence that is highly conserved across species, is the site of a preserved sequence motif in the ABC transporter family, and contains a relatively large number of missense mutations associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). To investigate the role of ICL4 in CFTR function and to learn how CF mutations in this region disrupt function, we studied several CF-associated ICL4 mutants. We found that most ICL4 mutants disrupted the biosynthetic processing of CFTR, although not as severely as the most common DeltaF508 mutation. The mutations had no discernible effect on the channel's pore properties; but some altered gating behavior, the response to increasing concentrations of ATP, and stimulation in response to pyrophosphate. These effects on activity were similar to those observed with mutations in the nucleotide-binding domains, suggesting that ICL4 might help couple activity of the nucleotide-binding domains to gating of the Cl- channel pore. The data also explain how these mutations cause a loss of CFTR function and suggest that some patients with mutations in ICL4 may have a milder clinical phenotype because they retain partial activity of CFTR at the cell membrane.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Chloride Channels', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 8,702,904
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304.500', 'D12.776.157.530.400.175.125', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Frequency-dependent, bi-directional plasticity in motor cortex of human adults.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the plastic changes induced in human motor cortex by afferent stimulation depend on stimulus frequency.METHODS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine changes in corticospinal excitability in 20 subjects before and after combined peripheral (motor point) and central stimulation. Peripheral stimuli were given as either low frequency (3 Hz) or high frequency (30 Hz) trains.RESULTS: Low frequency stimulation induced prolonged depression of corticospinal excitability, while high frequency stimulation induced prolonged facilitation. These effects persisted for approximately 40-50 min after stimulation ceased.CONCLUSIONS: Corticospinal plasticity induced by dual peripheral and central stimulation is bi-directionally-modifiable in the adult human, with the direction of change being frequency-dependent.SIGNIFICANCE: Therapies using peripheral stimulation to alter human motor cortex excitability could be tailored to exploit the differential effects of stimulus frequency on the direction of the excitability change.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Differential Threshold', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Cortex', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Time Factors']
| 12,842,724
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F02.463.593.710.370'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.671.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['G11.561.638'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Draft genome of the globally widespread and invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile).
|
Ants are some of the most abundant and familiar animals on Earth, and they play vital roles in most terrestrial ecosystems. Although all ants are eusocial, and display a variety of complex and fascinating behaviors, few genomic resources exist for them. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a particularly widespread and well-studied species, the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), which was accomplished using a combination of 454 (Roche) and Illumina sequencing and community-based funding rather than federal grant support. Manual annotation of >1,000 genes from a variety of different gene families and functional classes reveals unique features of the Argentine ant's biology, as well as similarities to Apis mellifera and Nasonia vitripennis. Distinctive features of the Argentine ant genome include remarkable expansions of gustatory (116 genes) and odorant receptors (367 genes), an abundance of cytochrome P450 genes (>110), lineage-specific expansions of yellow/major royal jelly proteins and desaturases, and complete CpG DNA methylation and RNAi toolkits. The Argentine ant genome contains fewer immune genes than Drosophila and Tribolium, which may reflect the prominent role played by behavioral and chemical suppression of pathogens. Analysis of the ratio of observed to expected CpG nucleotides for genes in the reproductive development and apoptosis pathways suggests higher levels of methylation than in the genome overall. The resources provided by this genome sequence will offer an abundance of tools for researchers seeking to illuminate the fascinating biology of this emerging model organism.
|
['Animals', 'Ants', 'Base Sequence', 'California', 'DNA Methylation', 'Gene Library', 'Genetics, Population', 'Genome, Insect', 'Genomics', 'Hierarchy, Social', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Receptors, Odorant', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 21,282,631
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.205'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.360.325'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['G05.360.340.357'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['I01.880.853.200'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.600'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Effect of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on prostaglandin I2-liberation from human lymphatics.
|
Whereas prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), a major metabolite of human lymphatics, does not itself affect lymphatic contractility significantly, it is able to counterbalance the contractile response to thromboxane and leukotrienes. We now demonstrate that leukotrienes C4 and D4 evoke a dose-dependent increased production of PGI2 from human lymphatics. It is likely that leukotrienes either exert a contractile rhythmic effect on human lymphatics or, alternatively, evoke increased PGI2-formation which relaxes human lymphatics. These mechanisms may be of local importance in regulating lymphatic "tone" at sites of inflammation as leukotrienes are liberated from activated white blood cells.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Epoprostenol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic System', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'SRS-A']
| 3,526,004
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A15.382.520'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Maturation of hepatitis C virus core protein by signal peptide peptidase is required for virus production.
|
Complete maturation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein requires coordinate cleavage by signal peptidase and an intramembrane protease, signal peptide peptidase. We show that reducing the intracellular levels of signal peptide peptidase lowers the titer of infectious virus released from cells, indicating that it plays an important role in virus production. Proteolysis by the enzyme at a signal peptide between core and the E1 glycoprotein is needed to permit targeting of core to lipid droplets. From mutagenesis studies, introducing mutations into the core-E1 signal peptide delayed the appearance of signal peptide peptidase-processed core until between 48 and 72 h after the beginning of the infectious cycle. Accumulation of mature core at these times coincided with its localization to lipid droplets and a rise in titer of infectious HCV. Therefore, processing of core by signal peptide peptidase is a critical event in the virus life cycle. To study the stage in virus production that may be blocked by interfering with intramembrane cleavage of core, we examined the distribution of viral RNA in cells harboring the core-E1 signal peptide mutant. Results revealed that colocalization of core with HCV RNA required processing of the protein by signal peptide peptidase. Our findings provide new insights into the sequence requirements for proteolysis by signal peptide peptidase. Moreover, they offer compelling evidence for a function for an intramembrane protease to facilitate the association of core with viral genomes, thereby creating putative sites for assembly of nascent virus particles.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases', 'Cell Line', 'Electroporation', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'Peptides', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Sorting Signals', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Viral Core Proteins']
| 18,424,431
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.200.500.454', 'E05.242.448', 'E05.301.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.644.770', 'G02.111.570.060.670'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Obesity paradox in coronary artery bypass grafting: myth or reality?
|
OBJECTIVE: A high body mass index has been suggested to be protective in patients with coronary artery disease and in those undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, these conflicting results might be related to the different risk profiles among the various body mass index categories. We sought to clarify the effect of varying degrees of excessive body weight on hard clinical outcomes in patients undergoing CABG.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted to investigate the effect of a high body mass index on early and late mortality after first-time isolated CABG. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounding factors.RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 3269 normal weight, 6662 overweight, 3821 obese, and 211 morbidly obese patients. After matching, early mortality was not affected by overweight (mean difference, 0.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.2% to 1.5%), obesity (mean difference, 0.5%; 95% CI, -0.7% to 1.7%), and morbid obesity (mean difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, -1.0% to 1.0%), regardless of the patients' risk profile according to the European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation. Overweight status was not protective for late death (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.9-1.08; P = .4). Compared with normal weight patients, both obese and morbidly obese patients had a higher risk of late death (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-2.66; P = .006 for obese patients; hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.74-2.49; P = .3 for morbidly obese patients).CONCLUSIONS: Obesity did not increase operative mortality, but it was associated with reduced late survival in patients undergoing primary isolated CABG. Our results raise concerns in supporting any protective effect of obesity in cardiovascular disease, specifically in patients undergoing surgical myocardial revascularization.
|
['Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Propensity Score', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,870,152
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sexual dysfunction in HIV-positive men is multi-factorial: a study of prevalence and associated factors.
|
To establish the prevalence of sexual dysfunction amongst HIV-positive men and to determine the factors associated with dysfunction we conducted a cross-sectional study in seven European HIV treatment centres. Data on medical history, antiretroviral treatment and laboratory results were collected by interview and case record review. Sexual function was evaluated by the participant self-completion of a questionnaire based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) 711/929. Seventy-seven percent of participants returned the questionnaire. Data from 668 (72%) respondents were included. Thirty-three percent (95%CI: 29.4-36.5%) had moderate/severe erectile dysfunction (EDF) and 24% (95%CI: 20.9-27.3%) had moderate to severe impairment of sexual desire. Variables significantly associated with EDF in multivariable analysis were older age (greater than 40 years), heterosexual status, non-alcohol drinking status, depression, antidepressants, psychotropic medications and duration of ARV therapy. Low sexual desire (LSD) was associated with older age (greater than 40 years), depression and black African ethnicity. We establish that EDF and LSD are common in both ARV na?ve and ARV experienced, HIV-positive individuals. Erectile dysfunction was associated with long duration of ARV treatment, with a significantly increased risk of dysfunction in the quartile with the longest period of exposure. No significant association was seen with specific classes of anti-retrovirals. Older age, and depression were the variables most consistently associated with both EDF and LSD.
|
['Adult', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prevalence', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,851,990
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F03.835'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Endocytosis and exocytosis of protein in capillary endothelium.
|
The transport of proteins across continuous capillary endothelium is believed to be mediated by micropinocytic vesicles which shuttle molecules between the lumenal and abluminal plasma membrane. We have studied the ability of capillary endothelial cells isolated from rat epididymal fat to endocytose fluorescently labelled ovalbumin within micropinocytic vesicles. Net association of fluorescent ovalbumin with endothelial cells reaches an equilibrium after 40 minutes of incubation. This equilibrium is presumably due to a balance between endocytosis and subsequent exocytosis of this protein. Capillaries equilibrated with fluorescent ovalbumin exhibited rapid exocytosis of this protein when it was removed from the external medium. The rate of endocytosis was concentration dependent and obeyed the kinetics expected for adsorptive phase endocytosis. High concentrations of ovalbumin stimulated the ingestion of 14C-sucrose, a marker of fluid endocytosis, suggesting that protein can affect the movement of vesicles within the endothelial cytoplasm. These results imply that capillary endothelium isolated from rat epididymal fat exhibits the ability to endocytose and subsequently exocytose protein. This demonstrates that the two components of endothelial vesicular transport or transcytosis can be observed and studied in a system of isolated capillary endothelium.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Capillaries', 'Endocytosis', 'Endothelium', 'Exocytosis', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Furans', 'Male', 'Ovalbumin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Rhodamines', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Thiocyanates']
| 6,430,919
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['G04.417'], ['A10.272.491'], ['G04.468'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D03.383.312'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D03.633.300.953.600'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D02.262.775', 'D02.886.728']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CAT/CLAMS: its use in detecting early childhood cognitive impairment.
|
The Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS), a neurodevelopmental tool for the cognitive assessment of infants and toddlers, correlates well with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. In 1993 the Bayley Scales were revised and the second edition published (BSID-II). This study was designed to determine how well the CAT/CLAMS correlates with the BSID-II and its utility in identifying mild and severe cognitive impairment. Sixty-eight infants and toddlers (age range = 14-48 months), referred for suspected developmental delays, were administered the CAT/CLAMS and BSID-II and the results compared. The correlation between the two instruments was strong (r = 0.89, P<0.0001). The CAT/CLAMS was sensitive (81%) and specific (85%) for detecting overall cognitive impairment (BSID-II less than 70) and was even more sensitive (100%) and specific (96%) in detecting severe cognitive impairment (BSID-II less than 50). The physician using the CAT/CLAMS formulated a clinical impression of cognitive impairment that was sensitive (95%) and specific (84%) compared with formal psychologic testing. The CAT/CLAMS correlates well with the BSID-II. It is useful for detecting and quantifying mild and severe cognitive impairment. It permits the physician to formulate an accurate clinical impression of cognitive impairment consistent with possible mental retardation.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Early Intervention, Educational', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 11,033,282
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F03.625.421'], ['N02.421.143.130.320', 'N02.421.726.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cell type-specific inhibition of keratinocyte collagenase-1 expression by basic fibroblast growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor. A common receptor pathway.
|
Collagenase-1 is invariantly expressed by migrating basal keratinocytes in all forms of human skin wounds, and its expression is induced by contact with native type I collagen. However, net differences in enzyme production between acute and chronic wounds may be modulated by soluble factors present within the tissue environment. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, FGF-9), which are produced during wound healing, inhibited collagenase-1 expression by keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. However, KGF was >100-fold more effective than bFGF at inhibiting collagenase-1 expression, suggesting that this differential signaling is transduced via an FGF receptor that binds these ligands with different affinities. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of human keratinocyte mRNA for fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) revealed expression of only FGFR-2 IIIb, the KGF-specific receptor, which also binds bFGF with low affinity, and FGFR-3 IIIb, which does not bind bFGF or KGF. FGFRs that bind bFGF with high affinity were not detected. Our results suggest that bFGF and KGF inhibit collagenase-1 expression through the KGF cell-surface receptor (FGFR-2 IIIb). Because bFGF induces collagenase-1 in most cell types, cell-specific expression of FGFR family members may dictate the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in a tissue-specific manner.
|
['Adult', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagenases', 'DNA Primers', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 10', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 7', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Growth Substances', 'Humans', 'Keratinocytes', 'Kinetics', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 1', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2', 'Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Skin']
| 9,218,449
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D12.644.276.624.200', 'D12.776.467.624.200', 'D23.529.624.200'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D12.644.276.624.170', 'D12.776.467.624.170', 'D23.529.624.170'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.100', 'D12.644.276.848.100', 'D12.776.467.836.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.178', 'D12.776.543.750.630.441', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.370.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.370'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the metabolic consequences 20 years later?
|
OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventeen non-migrant, young healthy men were recruited from a birth cohort in a rural part of south India. The subjects comprised 61 LBW and 56 normal birth weight (NBW) men, with NBW men acting as controls. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The parents' anthropometric status and metabolic parameters were assessed.RESULTS: Men with LBW were shorter (167±6.4 vs 172±6.0 cm, P<0.0001), lighter (51.9±9 vs 55.4±7 kg, P=0.02) and had a reduced lean body mass (42.1±5.4 vs 45.0±4.5 kg, P=0.002) compared with NBW controls. After adjustment for height and weight, the LBW subjects had increased diastolic blood pressure (77±6 vs 75±6 mmHg, P=0.01). Five LBW subjects had impaired glucose tolerance. In vivo insulin secretion and peripheral insulin action were similar in both the groups. Mothers of the LBW subjects were 3 cm shorter than the control mothers.CONCLUSION: Only subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians were found. Whether other factors such as urbanisation and ageing may unmask more severe metabolic abnormalities may require a long-term follow-up.
|
['Adult', 'Birth Weight', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glucose Intolerance', 'Humans', 'India', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Metabolism', 'Parturition', 'Rural Population', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 22,250,073
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C18.452.394.952.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['G03'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['N01.600.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Calculation of femtosecond pulse laser induced damage threshold for broadband antireflective microstructure arrays.
|
In order to more exactly predict femtosecond pulse laser induced damage threshold, an accurate theoretical model taking into account photoionization, avalanche ionization and decay of electrons is proposed by comparing respectively several combined ionization models with the published experimental measurements. In addition, the transmittance property and the near-field distribution of the 'moth eye' broadband antireflective microstructure directly patterned into the substrate material as a function of the surface structure period and groove depth are performed by a rigorous Fourier model method. It is found that the near-field distribution is strongly dependent on the periodicity of surface structure for TE polarization, but for TM wave it is insensitive to the period. What's more, the femtosecond pulse laser damage threshold of the surface microstructure on the pulse duration taking into account the local maximum electric field enhancement was calculated using the proposed relatively accurate theoretical ionization model. For the longer incident wavelength of 1064 nm, the weak linear damage threshold on the pulse duration is shown, but there is a surprising oscillation peak of breakdown threshold as a function of the pulse duration for the shorter incident wavelength of 532 nm.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Lasers', 'Manufactured Materials', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Radiation Dosage']
| 20,052,125
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['J01.637'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Resistance to apoptosis and expansion of regulatory T cells in relation to the detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer.
|
Regulatory T cells may be crucial in the development of T cell tolerance to malignancies and contribute to immune dysfunctions. We investigated the percentage, activity, and onset of apoptosis of T cell subpopulations by multicolor flow cytometry in metastatic epithelial cancer patients compared to normal controls. Furthermore, a possible relationship between the presence of circulating tumor cells detected by immunocytochemistry and immune cell abnormalities was evaluated. Our study demonstrated a significantly elevated proportion of regulatory T cells in cancer patients (p < 0.001). In contrast to all other T cell subpopulations, regulatory T cells showed comparable Annexin V-binding characteristics in patients and normal controls. No relationship between the detection of circulating tumor cells and immune dysfunction was observed. These results indicate that cancer patients have a higher number of regulatory T cells with resistance to apoptotic stimuli partly responsible for immune dysfunctions as often observed in cancer patients.
|
['Aged', 'Annexin A5', 'Antigens, CD', 'Apoptosis', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CTLA-4 Antigen', 'Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'fas Receptor']
| 17,939,021
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D12.776.465.782', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.750', 'D23.050.301.264.894.158', 'D23.101.100.894.158'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of rinsing enteral delivery sets on formula contamination.
|
This study investigated whether rinsing enteral delivery sets before formula addition affects formula contamination. Both a simulated and a clinical phase were conducted. In the simulated phase, Osmolite (Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH) was infused continuously through 52 delivery sets into a flask via enteral infusion pumps for 24 hours. The delivery sets were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size. One group was rinsed with tap water before new formula was added at 8 and 16 hours, and the other group was not rinsed. At 8, 16, and 24 hours, samples of formula were collected from the delivery sets, and bacteria counts were obtained. In the clinical phase, 23 critically ill patients receiving Osmolite continuously were randomly assigned to a rinse or no-rinse group. The same formula addition and rinse protocol from phase I was used. Formula samples were obtained at 24 hours. In both phases, there were no significant differences between the rinse and no-rinse groups with respect to bacteria counts at any time period. The findings suggest that rinsing may be unnecessary if delivery sets are used continuously for 24 hours or less; however, the possibility of a type II error because of the small sample size of this study must be recognized.
|
['Adult', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Equipment Contamination', 'Food Microbiology', 'Humans', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']
| 9,016,145
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['N06.850.540'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effects of massive transfusion and haptoglobin therapy on hemolysis in trauma patients.
|
A retrospective study was conducted on 53 patients who suffered severe trauma to determine the severity of intravascular hemolysis, the variations of renal function after trauma, and the effects of transfusion and haptoglobin therapy on these factors. Serum total haptoglobin, total hemoglobin, and urine free hemoglobin were measured 0, 1, 3, and 5 days after the trauma and renal tubular function was evaluated by the urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) index. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether or not haptoglobin was given: group A (n = 34) did not receive haptoglobin, and group B (n = 19) was administered 4,421 +/- 245 U haptoglobin based on clinical indications. The total transfusion volumes were 3,477 +/- 594 ml and 10,146 +/- 1,794 ml, in groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.01). In group A, total haptoglobin was remarkably decreased to 69.4 +/- 11.6 mg/dl on day 0, but recovered to within the normal range on day 3, while the total hemoglobin was increased and the urine hemoglobin was positive in 61.8% of the patients. In group B, decreases in total haptoglobin and increases in total hemoglobin were more remarkable, and 84.2% had a positive urine hemoglobin. On day 5, groups A and B had NAG indices of 18.8 +/- 3.3 and 133.6 +/- 33.8 U/L/creatinine respectively (P < 0.01). These findings led us to conclude that trauma caused hemolysis and that the administration of 4,000 U haptoglobin did not improve either the severity of hemolysis or the deteriorated renal tubular function caused by massive transfusion.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Acute Kidney Injury', 'Adult', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Female', 'Haptoglobins', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hemolysis', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Male', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 7,865,954
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.135'], ['D12.776.124.050.300', 'D12.776.124.790.106.394', 'D12.776.377.715.085.394', 'D12.776.395.560.373'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C26']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis and anti-virus activity of some nucleosides analogues.
|
New 3'-, 5'-, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (3a-g) and 3'-, 5'-thymidine (4a-i) analogues with amino acid and peptide residues were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. The influence of long peptide chains, essential amino acids and the effect of this structural modification on the antiviral activity has been also reported. Three 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives containing glycyl-, glycyl-glycyl- and glycyl-glycyl-glycyl- residues (3a, 3b, 3c) showed a strong activity against the herpes virus PsRV and a moderate one vs. HSV-1. The corresponding thymidine analogues were considerably less effective, and only compounds 4d and 4h showed a borderline effect against PsRV.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chickens', 'Drug Design', 'Fibroblasts', 'HIV', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Herpesvirus 1, Suid', 'Humans', 'Influenza A virus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Peptides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Thymidine']
| 10,097,408
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular reactive oxygen species in monocytes generated by photosensitive chromophores activated with blue light.
|
OBJECTIVES: Disinfection of the tooth pulp-canal system is imperative to successful endodontic therapy. Yet, studies suggest that 30-50% of current endodontic treatments fail from residual bacterial infection. Photodynamic therapy using red-light chromophores (630 nm) to induce antimicrobial death mediated by generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported, but red-light also may thermally damage resident tissues. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that several blue light chromophores (380-500 nm) generate intracellular reactive oxygen species but are not cytotoxic to mammalian cells.METHODS: THP1 monocytes were exposed to 10 microM of four chromophores (chlorin e6, pheophorbide-a, pheophorbide-a-PLL, and riboflavin) for 30 min before activation with blue light (27J/cm(2), 60s). After activation, intracellular ROS were measured using a dihydrofluorescein diacetate technique, and cytotoxicity was determined by measuring mitochondrial activity with the MTT method.RESULTS: All photosensitizers produced intracellular ROS levels that were dependent on both the presence of the photosensitizer and blue light exposure. Riboflavin and pheophorbide-a-PLL produced the highest levels of ROS. Photosensitizers except riboflavin exhibited cytotoxicity above 10 microM, and all except pheophorbide-a-PLL were more cytotoxic after blue light irradiation.SIGNIFICANCE: The current study demonstrated the possible utility of blue light chromophores as producers of ROS that would be useful for endodontic disinfection.
|
['Cell Line', 'Chlorophyll', 'Coloring Agents', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Mitochondria', 'Monocytes', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Polylysine', 'Porphyrins', 'Radiation-Sensitizing Agents', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Riboflavin', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles']
| 18,243,296
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D27.505.954.600'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500'], ['D03.383.129.617.700'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Atypical idiopathic scoliosis: MR imaging evaluation.
|
The authors analyzed the clinical and imaging findings in 30 consecutive pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients who underwent MR imaging because of atypical features of idiopathic scoliosis. Atypical clinical and plain radiographic features included early onset (n = 4), rapid progression (n = 19), pain (n = 17), other neurologic symptoms or signs (n = 12), associated syndromes (n = 4), a convex left thoracic or thoracolumbar curve (n = 18), a kyphotic component (n = 7), and pedicle thinning (n = 4). MR imaging demonstrated 17 abnormalities in 11 patients: lumbar disk protrusions (n = 1), patulous intradural space (dural ectasia) (n = 3), hydrosyringomyelia (n = 7), Chiari I malformation (n = 5), and cord astrocytoma (n = 1). Significant associations with abnormal MR imaging findings were shown for patients with pain, weakness, abnormal neurologic findings, and atypical curvatures. Furthermore, there was a striking association of convex left thoracic or thoracolumbar scoliosis with hydrosyringomyelia (six of seven cases). On the basis of these results, "atypical" spinal curvatures at radiography and "atypical" clinical features should prompt performance of additional diagnostic studies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Scoliosis', 'Spine']
| 8,416,573
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C05.116.900.800.875'], ['A02.835.232.834']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Malaria infections are randomly distributed in diverse holoendemic areas of Papua New Guinea.
|
Malaria is holoendemic in the lowlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and interactions among Plasmodium species may influence prevalence of mixed infections. Previously, field samples from a cross-sectional survey in Dreikikir, East Sepik Province, analyzed by blood smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), showed that mixed infections were common and randomly distributed in this malaria endemic region. To evaluate further whether Plasmodium species distribution is random, blood smear- and PCR/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization-based analyses of cross-sectional survey samples were conducted in 2 additional malaria holoendemic regions of northern PNG. Despite ecologic, species prevalence, and transmission season differences in these new surveys, all 4 Plasmodium species were found to be randomly distributed in each area; random distribution patterns also were observed when study populations were divided into age groups. These findings provide consistent evidence that Plasmodium species infections occur independently of one another in PNG malaria holoendemic sites. This independent occurrence suggests that age-dependent, acquired malaria immunity has limited influence on the distribution pattern of Plasmodium species infections in endemic human populations; infection by 1 human malaria parasite species does not reduce susceptibility to infection by others; and malaria vaccines would exhibit limited protection against blood-stage infection by heterologous Plasmodium species.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Blood', 'Blood Specimen Collection', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Endemic Diseases', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Malaria', 'Middle Aged', 'Papua New Guinea', 'Parasitemia', 'Plasmodium', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prevalence']
| 12,518,843
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['E01.370.225.998.110', 'E04.665.150', 'E05.200.998.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['N06.850.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.639.760.590.715'], ['C01.610.695', 'C23.550.470.790.500.580'], ['B01.043.075.380.611'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pharmacological treatment of apathy in Lewy body disorders: A systematic review.
|
INTRODUCTION: There are no approved treatments for apathy, a frequent and incapacitating symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We reviewed the literature on the pharmacological treatment of apathy in PD and DLB to inform practice and future research.METHOD: We searched PubMed and PsycINFO using the terms "apathy", "treatment", and "Parkinson" or "Lewy body (bodies)." The results were filtered for "clinical trials" and "case reports." We included articles if apathy was measured as an outcome measure, before and after treatment. References of included articles were also reviewed.RESULTS: The PD search identified 19 articles: 13 randomized control trials (RCTs), 4 open-label studies, 1 case series, and 1 case report. Apathy was the primary outcome in 11 out of 19 studies. A decrease in apathy ratings was seen in 14 of the 19 studies. Of these 14 studies, 9 investigated medications with some dopaminergic effect. Three investigated acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and found benefit in improving apathy. The DLB search identified 4 articles: 1 RCT, 2 open-label studies, and 1 case series. All 4 studies demonstrated decreased apathy and investigated AChEIs.CONCLUSIONS: We identified 23 studies that assessed the pharmacological treatment of apathy. In PD, agents with dopaminergic activity were the most studied and appeared to have the most benefit. AChEIs also appeared to have benefit in both PD and DLB but were less studied. Future studies of apathy treatment would benefit from larger samples and standardized assessments of apathy to define study populations and endpoints.
|
['Apathy', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Humans', 'Lewy Body Disease', 'Parkinson Disease']
| 30,470,658
|
[['F01.470.137'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.400', 'C10.228.140.380.422', 'C10.228.662.600.200', 'C10.574.928.500', 'F03.615.400.512'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Functional imaging of emotional disorders and experiences in schizophrenia patients].
|
Functional imaging of normal and dysfunctional emotional processes is an important tool for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of affective symptoms in schizophrenia patients. These symptoms are still poorly characterized with respect to their neural correlates.Comparisons of cerebral activation during emotional paradigms offered the possibility for a better characterization of cerebral dysfunctions during emotional processing in schizophrenia. Abnormal activation patterns reveal a complex dysfunctional subcortical-cortical network. This is modulated by respective genotypes as well as psycho- and pharmacotherapy.
|
['Affective Symptoms', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology']
| 15,696,318
|
[['F01.145.126.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification and characterization of B"-subunits of protein phosphatase 2 A in Xenopus laevis oocytes and adult tissues.
|
Protein phosphatase 2A is a phosphoserine/threonine phosphatase implicated in many cellular processes. The core enzyme comprises a catalytic and a PR65/A-subunit. The substrate specificity and subcellular localization are determined by a third regulatory B-subunit (PR55/B, PR61/B' and PR72/130/B"). To identify the proteins of the B" family in Xenopus laevis oocytes, a prophase Xenopus oocyte cDNA library was screened using human PR130 cDNA as a probe. Three different classes of cDNAs were isolated. One class is very similar to human PR130 and is probably the Xenopus orthologue of PR130 (XPR130). A second class of clones (XN73) is identical to the N-terminal part of XPR130 but ends a few amino acids downstream of the putative splicing site of PR130. To investigate how this occurs, the genomic structure of the human PR130 gene was determined. This novel protein does not act as a PP2A subunit but might compete with the function of PR130. The third set of clones (XPR70) is very similar to human PR48 but has an N-terminal extension. Further analysis of the human EST-database and the human PR48 gene structure, revealed that the human PR48 clone published is incomplete. The Xenopus orthologue of PR48 encodes a protein of 70 kDa which like the XPR130, interacts with the A-subunit in GST pull-down assays. XPR70 is ubiquitously expressed in adult tissues and oocytes whereas expression of XPR130 is very low in brain and oocytes. Expression of XN73 mainly parallels XPR130 with the exception of the brain.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oocytes', 'Organ Specificity', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Protein Phosphatase 2', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 12,605,688
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G07.650'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.706', 'D12.644.360.583', 'D12.776.476.561'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of Aggregation-Competent Tau in Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.
|
Progressive cerebral accumulation of tau aggregates is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A popular theory that seeks to explain the apparent spread of neurofibrillary tangle pathology proposes that aggregated tau is passed from neuron to neuron. Such a templated seeding process requires that the transferred tau contains the microtubule binding repeat domains that are necessary for aggregation. While it is not clear how a protein such as tau can move from cell to cell, previous reports have suggested that this may involve extracellular vesicles (EVs). Thus, measurement of tau in EVs may both provide insights on the molecular pathology of AD and facilitate biomarker development. Here, we report the use of sensitive immunoassays specific for full-length (FL) tau and mid-region tau, which we applied to analyze EVs from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuron (iN) conditioned media, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma. In each case, most tau was free-floating with a small component inside EVs. The majority of free-floating tau detected by the mid-region assay was not detected by our FL assays, indicating that most free-floating tau is truncated. Inside EVs, the mid-region assay also detected more tau than the FL assay, but the ratio of FL-positive to mid-region-positive tau was higher inside exosomes than in free solution. These studies demonstrate the presence of minute amounts of free-floating and exosome-contained FL tau in human biofluids. Given the potential for FL tau to aggregate, we conclude that further investigation of these pools of extracellular tau and how they change during disease is merited.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Exosomes', 'Extracellular Vesicles', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Protein Aggregates', 'Protein Aggregation, Pathological', 'tau Proteins']
| 29,495,441
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['D23.101'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.152'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['A11.284.295.588'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.872.040.500', 'A11.872.700.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D05.875'], ['C23.550.770', 'G02.111.675'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DMC is not better than TMZ on intracranial anti-glioma effects.
|
Previous studies showed Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) has stronger anti-glioma and anti-GSCs effects both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, DMC seems to be lower toxicity than TMZ on nude mice. However, this conclusion was confirmed to be wrong in this study. We have evaluated the antitumor efficacy of DMC or TMZ treatment by an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model. Nude mice were injected with U87MG-luc cells in the caudate nucleus of the brain and treated with DMC (30 mg/kg q.d.) or TMZ (10 mg/kg q.d.) by intraperitoneal injection. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was used to monitoring tumor growth and response to therapy. Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-Akt, cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax. The average value of BLI showed TMZ determined a significant tumor regression while DMC had a mild regression effect on tumor growth compared with control group. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and TUNEL demonstrated that TMZ more effectively inhibited the expression of Ki67 and PCNA, and increased the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells in in situ tumor tissue. Western blot analysis also indicated that TMZ but not DMC more significantly decreased p-Akt and increased cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax expression.These findings suggested a fact that TMZ appear to be more effective in controlling the growth of glioblastoma than DMC in an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Curcumin', 'Diarylheptanoids', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Temozolomide', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 29,575,236
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222', 'D02.455.426.559.694'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D02.925.200.500', 'D03.383.129.308.240.500'], ['A11.251.860'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transition and transversion rate in the evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA.
|
We present a further application of the stochastic model previously described (Lanave et al., 1984, 1985) for measuring the nucleotide substitution rate in the mammalian evolution of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The applicability of this method depends on the validity of "stationarity conditions" (equal nucleotide frequencies at first, second and third silent codon positions in homologous protein coding genes). In the comparison of homologous sequences satisfying the stationarity condition at the silent sites, only the four codon families (quartets) for which both transitions and transversions are silent at the third position are considered here. This has allowed us to estimate the transition and transversion rates for any pair of species. We have analyzed the third silent codon position of the triplet rat-mouse-cow, of a series of slightly divergent primates and of two Drosophila species. In terms of two external dating input we have then determined the phylogenetic trees for rat, mouse, and cow as well as for a number of primates including man. The phylogenetic tree that we have derived for the triplet rat, mouse and cow agrees with that we had previously determined by analyzing the first, second and third silent codon positions (in both duets and quartets) of mt genes (Lanave et al., 1985). For primates our method leads to the following branching order from the oldest to the most recent: Gibbon, Orangutan, Gorilla, Chimpanzee and Man. In absolute time, fixing the distance Chimpanzee-Man as 5 million years (Myr) we estimate the dating of the divergence nodes as: Gorilla 7 Myr; Orangutan 16 Myr; Gibbon 20 Myr. In all cases analyzed, the transition rate has been found to be substantially higher than the transversion rate. Moreover we have found that the transition/transversion ratio is different in the various lineages. We suggest that this fact is probably related to the nucleotide frequencies at the third silent codon position.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Biological Evolution', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Gene Frequency', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Genetic', 'Primates']
| 3,801,602
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.330'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interferon signal transduction of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate/amantadine and anti-HBV activity in HepG2 2.2.15.
|
Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) is a hepatoprotectant, which is used as an adjuvant agent in a treatment for chronic hepatitis. Amantadine is an antiviral agent, which is utilized primarily in the treatment of influenza, but also, occasionally in the treatment of hepatitis C. In a previous study, we reported that DDB, coupled with amantadine, would exert an anti-HBV effect, via the induction of interferon-inducible gene expression in the HepG2 2.2.15 cell line. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether or not DDB and/or amantadine exhibit anti-HBV properties, and what mechanisms of action might be involved in such properties. In our study, we were able to determine that DDB stimulates Jak/Stat signaling, and induces the expression of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) stimulated genes, most notably 6-16 and ISG12. In addition, the antiviral effectors induced by IFN-alpha, PKR, OAS, and MxA, were regulated in the presence of DDB at its optimal concentration (250 microg/mL), to a degree commensurate with the degree of induction associated with the IFN-alpha treated group. Finally, we determined that the replication of pregenomic RNA and HBeAg was inhibited by DDB treatment, and this inhibition was maximized when coupled with the administration of amantadine (25 microg/mL). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated clearly that DDB, as well as the combination of DDB/amantadine, directly inhibited IFN-alpha signaling-mediated replication of HBV in infected hepatocytes, and thus may represent a novel treatment for chronic hepatitis B, which would be characterized principally by its improved safety over other treatment strategies.
|
['Amantadine', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dioxoles', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Synergism', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Viral', 'Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta', 'Receptors, Interferon', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Virus Replication']
| 16,756,086
|
[['D02.455.426.100.050.035'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.383.246'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D26.310'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['G05.308'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.575'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.400.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.400'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Species variety of staphylococcal microflora of the skin in athletes engaged in water sports.
|
Staphylococcal flora of the skin was studied in athletes whose professional activity involved training in water. Inoculations were carried out by impressions in selective agar medium (yolk saline agar; YSA) in bacteriological signets. Drug sensitivity was studied by the disk diffusion method modified by Kerby-Bauer using standard disks with antibiotics. The study was carried out in 4 groups of athletes engaged in water sports (athletic and synchronous swimming, modern pentathlon, and water polo). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of staphylococcal flora in water athletes are presented, MRSA strains are detected, and antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococcal microflora was evaluated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Athletes', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Skin', 'Staphylococcus', 'Swimming', 'Young Adult']
| 22,485,221
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.072'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A17.815'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Muscle wasting in chronic alcoholics: comparative histochemical and biochemical studies.
|
The comparative electrophysiologic, histochemical, and biochemical investigation of the anterior tibial muscle of 13 alcoholics indicates that neuropathy could be the cause of the chronic muscle weakness and wasting. Myopathic alterations did not predominate in the findings. It was concluded that the proximal muscle atrophy could also be attributed to neurogenic damage. Histochemical reactions in muscle specimens showed a selective type 2 atrophy and a slight increase of the mean diameter of type 1 fibres. Biochemical investigations revealed that the activities of a number of enzymes representative of energy supplying pathways--the glycogenolysis and glycolysis--as well as acid phosphatase activity in the muscle were lowered. A relationship could be assumed between the lowered glycolytic activity and the decline of the mean diameter of type 2 fibres. Oxidative enzymes were of similar activity in the alcoholics and the control group. The glycolytic enzyme activities were particularly important, being the most sensitive indicators of the onset, intensity, and course of neurogenic damage. These activities probably normalise during reinnervation of a muscle earlier than do the morphologic alterations; however, they were markedly lower in alcoholics with impaired liver function and cachexia, probably because of the catabolic metabolic conditions present in these cases.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Axons', 'Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Glycogen', 'Glycolysis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscles', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Neural Conduction', 'Reflex, Stretch', 'Sensation']
| 6,221,080
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D05.500.562.452.150', 'D05.500.562.468.500', 'D05.500.562.625.500', 'D08.811.600.391.150', 'D08.811.600.465.500', 'D08.811.600.741.525', 'D08.811.682.657.350.750.500', 'D08.811.682.667.061', 'D12.776.331.192'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.700', 'E01.370.600.550.650.700', 'G11.561.731.768'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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