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CLA isomers inhibit TNFalpha-induced eicosanoid release from human vascular smooth muscle cells via a PPARgamma ligand-like action.
|
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) were reported to have anti-atherogenic properties in animal feeding experiments. In an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these anti-atherogenic effects, the modulatory potential of CLA on cytokine-induced eicosanoid production from smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which contributes to the chronic inflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis, has been investigated in the present study. cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA were shown to reduce proportions of the eicosanoid precursor arachidonic acid in SMC total lipids and to inhibit cytokine-induced NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity, mRNA levels of inducible enzymes involved in eicosanoid formation (cPLA2, COX-2, mPGES), and the production of the prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2 by TNFalpha-stimulated SMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of 50 micromol/L of either CLA isomer was as effective as 10 micromol/L of the PPARgamma agonist troglitazone in terms of inhibiting the TNFalpha-stimulated eicosanoid production by SMCs. PPARgamma DNA-binding activity was increased by both CLA isomers compared to control cells. Moreover, it was shown that the PPARgamma antagonist T0070907 partially abrogated the inhibitory action of CLA isomers on cytokine-induced eicosanoid production and NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity by vascular SMCs suggesting that PPARgamma signalling is at least partially involved in the action of CLA in human vascular SMCs. With respect to the effects of CLA on experimental atherosclerosis, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of CLA is at least partially responsible for the anti-atherogenic effects of CLA observed in vivo.
|
['Adult', 'Benzamides', 'Chromans', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Cytosol', 'Dinoprostone', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Epoprostenol', 'Humans', 'Intramolecular Oxidoreductases', 'Isomerism', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Male', 'NF-kappa B', 'PPAR gamma', 'Phospholipases A', 'Pyridines', 'Thiazolidinediones', 'Troglitazone', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 16,427,740
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['D03.383.663.283.240', 'D03.633.100.150.240'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['D08.811.600.720.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.399.475'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933'], ['D02.886.675.933.750', 'D03.383.129.708.933.750', 'D03.383.663.283.240.612', 'D03.633.100.150.240.612'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mating-induced shedding of cell walls, removal of walls from vegetative cells, and osmotic stress induce presumed cell wall genes in Chlamydomonas.
|
The first step in sexual differentiation of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the formation of gametes. Three genes, GAS28, GAS30, and GAS31, encoding Hyp-rich glycoproteins that presumably are cell wall constituents, are expressed in the late phase of gametogenesis. These genes, in addition, are activated by zygote formation and cell wall removal and by the application of osmotic stress. The induction by zygote formation could be traced to cell wall shedding prior to gamete fusion since it was seen in mutants defective in cell fusion. However, it was absent in mutants defective in the initial steps of mating, i.e. in flagellar agglutination and in accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in response to this agglutination. Induction of the three GAS genes was also observed when cultures were exposed to hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic stress. To address the question whether the induction seen upon cell wall removal from both gametes and vegetative cells was elicited by osmotic stress, cell wall removal was performed under isosmotic conditions. Also under such conditions an activation of the genes was observed, suggesting that the signaling pathway(s) is (are) activated by wall removal itself.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Wall', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii', 'DNA, Algal', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Protozoan', 'Glycoproteins', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'RNA, Algal', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Protozoan', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 16,183,845
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.183'], ['B01.650.940.150.385.650'], ['D13.444.308.148'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.396', 'G05.360.340.397.500'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['E05.599.395'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D13.444.735.130'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.650'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differing mechanisms of cAMP- versus seawater-induced oocyte maturation in marine nemertean worms I. The roles of serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases.
|
Unlike in most animals, oocytes of marine nemertean worms initiate maturation (=germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) following an increase, rather than a decrease, in intraoocytic cAMP. To analyze how serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase cascades involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), maturation-promoting factor (MPF), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) regulate nemertean GVBD, oocytes of Cerebratulus sp. were treated with pharmacological modulators and stimulated with cAMP-elevating drugs or seawater (SW) alone. Both cAMP elevators and SW triggered GVBD while activating MAPK, its target p90Rsk, and MPF. Similarly, neither cAMP- nor SW-induced GVBD was affected by several Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors, and both stimuli apparently accelerated GVBD via a MAPK-independent, PI3K-dependent mechanism. However, inhibitors of Raf-1, a kinase that activates MAPK kinase, blocked GVBD and MAPK activation during SW-, but not cAMP-induced maturation. In addition, MPF blockers more effectively reduced GVBD and MAPK activity in SW versus in cAMP-elevating treatments. Moreover, the two maturation-inducing stimuli yielded disparate patterns of PKA-related MAPK activations and phosphorylations of putative PKA substrates. Collectively, such findings suggest that in maturing oocytes of Cerebratulus sp., Ser/Thr kinase cascades differ during cAMP- versus SW-induced GVBD in several ways, including MAPK activation modes, MPF-feedback loops, and PKA-related signaling pathways. Additional differences in cAMP- versus SW-induced oocyte maturation are also described in the accompanying study that deals with the roles of tyrosine kinase signaling during GVBD.
|
['Androstadienes', 'Animals', 'Annelida', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Maturation-Promoting Factor', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Models, Biological', 'Oocytes', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa', 'Seawater', 'Wortmannin']
| 16,902,952
|
[['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.091'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984', 'D12.644.360.250.580', 'D12.776.167.200.580', 'D12.776.476.250.580'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.500', 'D12.644.360.400.842.500', 'D12.776.476.400.842.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.862.500', 'D12.644.360.600.500', 'D12.776.476.600.500'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129.891']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Viral hepatitis: a review of clinical, laboratory and research aspects.
|
The nature and the diagnosis and prognosis of the two forms of viral hepatitis is discussed. The possibility of transmission of these diseases during dental treatment to other patients or to dentists or their staff is considered and measures to reduce this risk are suggested.
|
['Child', 'Dentistry', 'Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis, Viral, Human', 'Humans', 'Sterilization']
| 274,110
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E06', 'H02.163'], ['C01.925.440.420', 'C01.925.782.687.359.500', 'C06.552.380.705.422'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.504'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['C01.925.440', 'C06.552.380.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spontaneous emergence of social influence in online systems.
|
Social influence drives both offline and online human behavior. It pervades cultural markets, and manifests itself in the adoption of scientific and technical innovations as well as the spread of social practices. Prior empirical work on the diffusion of innovations in spatial regions or social networks has largely focused on the spread of one particular technology among a subset of all potential adopters. Here we choose an online context that allows us to study social influence processes by tracking the popularity of a complete set of applications installed by the user population of a social networking site, thus capturing the behavior of all individuals who can influence each other in this context. By extending standard fluctuation scaling methods, we analyze the collective behavior induced by 100 million application installations, and show that two distinct regimes of behavior emerge in the system. Once applications cross a particular threshold of popularity, social influence processes induce highly correlated adoption behavior among the users, which propels some of the applications to extraordinary levels of popularity. Below this threshold, the collective effect of social influence appears to vanish almost entirely, in a manner that has not been observed in the offline world. Our results demonstrate that even when external signals are absent, social influence can spontaneously assume an on-off nature in a digital environment. It remains to be seen whether a similar outcome could be observed in the offline world if equivalent experimental conditions could be replicated.
|
['Behavior', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Online Systems', 'Social Behavior', 'Social Support']
| 20,937,864
|
[['F01.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.742'], ['F01.145.813'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impulse noise injury prediction based on the cochlear energy.
|
The current impulse noise criteria for the protection against impulse noise injury do not incorporate an objective measure of hearing protection. A new biomechanically-based model has been developed based on improvement of the Auditory Hazard Assessment Algorithm for the Human (AHAAH) using the integrated cochlear energy (ICE) as the damage risk correlate (DRC). The model parameters have been corrected using the latest literature data. The anomalous dose-response inversion behavior of the AHAAH model was eliminated. The modeling results show that the annular ligament (AL) parameters are the dominant cause of the non-monotonic dose-response behavior of AHAAH. Based on parametric optimization analysis, a 40% reduction of the AL compliance from the AHAAH default value removed the dose-response inversion problem, and this value was found to be within the physiological range when compared with experimental data. The transfer functions from the new model are in good agreement with those of the human ear. A dose-response curve based on ICE was developed using the human walk-up temporary threshold shift (TTS) data. Furthermore, the ICE values calculated for the German rifle noise tests show excellent comparison with the injury outcomes, hence providing a significant independent validation of the improved model. The ICE was found to be the best DRC to both large weapons and small arms noise injury data, covering both protected and unprotected exposures, respectively. The new AHAAH model with ICE as the dose metric is adequate for use as a medical standard against impulse noise injury.
|
['Algorithms', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cochlea', 'Ear', 'Firearms', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Noise', 'Risk Assessment']
| 26,969,259
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['A01.456.313', 'A09.246'], ['J01.637.870.350'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia with granulomas in the bone marrow in a patient undergoing BMT.
|
A 48-year-old woman underwent allogeneic BMT for CML in chronic phase. One day +180 she experienced fever (37.8 degrees C) and skin rash. Blood cultures from the Hickman catheter and peripheral veins were positive for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The clinical course of this patient indicates that Saccharomyces should be considered as a possible cause of fever of otherwise unknown origin.
|
['Bone Marrow Diseases', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Female', 'Fungemia', 'Granuloma', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Middle Aged', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 7,670,407
|
[['C15.378.190'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C01.150.703.492.594', 'C01.757.360', 'C23.550.470.790.500.360'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Association of AS3MT polymorphisms and the risk of premalignant arsenic skin lesions.
|
Exposure to naturally occurring inorganic arsenic (iAs), primarily from contaminated drinking water, is considered one of the top environmental health threats worldwide. Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) is the key enzyme in the biotransformation pathway of iAs. AS3MT catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to trivalent arsenicals, resulting in the production of methylated (MAs) and dimethylated arsenicals (DMAs). MAs is a susceptibility factor for iAs-induced toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the association of the polymorphism in AS3MT gene with iAs metabolism and with the presence of arsenic (As) premalignant skin lesions. This is a case-control study of 71 cases with skin lesions and 51 controls without skin lesions recruited from a iAs endemic area in Mexico. We measured urinary As metabolites, differentiating the trivalent and pentavalent arsenical species, using the hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. In addition, the study subjects were genotyped to analyze three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), A-477G, T14458C (nonsynonymus SNP; Met287Thr), and T35587C, in the AS3MT gene. We compared the frequencies of the AS3MT alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in individuals with and without skin lesions. Marginal differences in the frequencies of the Met287Thr genotype were identified between individuals with and without premalignant skin lesions (p=0.055): individuals carrying the C (TC+CC) allele (Thr) were at risk [odds ratio=4.28; 95% confidence interval (1.0-18.5)]. Also, individuals with C allele of Met287Thr displayed greater percentage of MAs in urine and decrease in the percentage of DMAs. These findings indicate that Met287Thr influences the susceptibility to premalignant As skin lesions and might be at increased risk for other adverse health effects of iAs exposure.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arsenic', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'DNA', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methyltransferases', 'Mexico', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Young Adult']
| 19,538,983
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D01.268.513.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D13.444.308'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C04.834'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification of peptides present in sour milk whey that ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
|
Cognitive impairment is treated with cholinesterase inhibitors that slow cognitive decline but cause significant adverse effects. Functional foods that improve memory without such effects would therefore be valuable. We reported that unidentified components of sour milk whey produced by fermentations using Lactobacillus helveticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved memory in a mouse model of scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Here, we show that casein-derived peptides were the most active components of orally administered fractions of this milk product. Of five peptides tested, â-casein (residues 73-91) was the most effective for ameliorating scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits, as indicated by a significantly higher percentage of alternations of mice orally administered 0.05 nmol/kg peptide (58.0 ± 9.3%) versus vehicle (51.0 ± 5.8%). This orally active peptide may improve cognitive function of patients with dementia.
|
['Animals', 'Caseins', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fermentation', 'Lactobacillus helveticus', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Mice', 'Peptides', 'Scopolamine', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Whey']
| 28,535,697
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.400', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.400', 'B03.510.550.450.475.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644'], ['D02.145.074.722.822.775', 'D03.132.760.180.848', 'D03.132.889.601.775', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822.775', 'D03.605.869.822.775'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['A12.790.760', 'G07.203.100.700.750', 'G07.203.300.350.525.760', 'J02.200.700.750', 'J02.500.350.525.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parental history of diabetes modifies the association between abdominal adiposity and hyperglycemia.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the association between abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia differs according to the presence of a parental history of diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,068 men and women, aged 20-65 years, without known diabetes who were fasting participants of a population-based study in three Dutch towns. Hyperglycemia was defined as a fasting plasma glucose concentration of 6.1 mmol/l (American Diabetes Association criterion). Waist circumference was categorized according to previously defined waist action levels. All estimates were adjusted for age and town.RESULTS: The regression coefficients for the association between waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose were larger in participants who had a parental history of diabetes than in those who did not (men beta = 0.31 vs. 0.16 mmol/SD, P [for interaction] = 0.003; women beta = 0.24 vs. 0.11 mmol/SD, P = 0.002). Furthermore, larger waist circumference (men > or = 94 vs. < 94 cm, women > or = 88 vs. < 80 cm) was associated with a greater excess prevalence of hyperglycemia in participants who had a parental history of diabetes than in those who did not (men 12.4 vs. 2.0%, P = 0.03; women 13.6 vs. 5.9%, P = 0.05). Adjustment for physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, and educational level did not materially change the results.CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the association between abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia is stronger in the presence of a parental history of diabetes. Blood glucose screening may be warranted at lower levels of waist circumference in individuals with a parental history of diabetes.
|
['Abdomen', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Educational Status', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', 'Nuclear Family', 'Obesity', 'Parents', 'Prevalence', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking']
| 11,473,086
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['N01.824.196'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F01.829.263.500', 'I01.880.853.150.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In vitro anti-myeloma activity of TRAIL-expressing adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
|
Recently, genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been exploited to deliver anti-cancer bio-drugs directly within the tumour mass. Here, we explored whether adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), engineered to express the pro-apoptotic ligand TRAIL (also known as TNFSF10), kill multiple myeloma (MM) cells and migrate towards MM cells in vitro. Different MM cell lines were assessed for their sensitivity to recombinant human (rh) TRAIL alone and in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which was shown to enhance the effect of rhTRAIL. TRAIL(+) -AD-MSCs were co-cultured with bortezomib-pretreated MM cells and their killing activity was evaluated in presence or absence of caspase inhibition. AD-MSC migration towards media conditioned by both myeloma cells and myeloma bone fragments was also investigated. Despite moderate MM cell sensitivity to rhTRAIL, TRAIL(+) -AD-MSCs in combination with bortezomib significantly induced myeloma cell death. This effect was associated with caspase-8 activation and abrogated by capsase inhibition. On the other hand, co-culture experiments were performed to evaluate whether unmodified AD-MSCs affect myeloma cell growth in vitro. AD-MSCs appeared ineffective on myeloma cell growth and showed migratory capacity towards MM cells in vitro. These data emphasize the anti-myeloma activity of TRAIL-engineered AD-MSCs and provide support for a future model of a cell-based approach against MM.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chemotaxis', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Pyrazines', 'Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand']
| 22,420,897
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['D01.029.260.110.500', 'D01.132.285.500', 'D02.203.200.500', 'D03.383.679.450'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D03.383.679'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.600', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.396'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.625', 'D12.776.467.374.750.625', 'D23.529.374.750.625']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Women aging together in community.
|
At a fiftieth birthday party 17 years ago, a group of women--lesbian, bisexual, and straight--decided to create a conscious community in which they could age together. The group, where they discuss this process and support each other, is politically and personally meaningful, and a buffer against the isolation and powerlessness many aging women experience. They meet monthly, and at weekend retreats twice a year. They have become a "family of choice", sharing holidays and celebrations and supporting each other when necessary and possible. After several years, they decided to commit for life. In the group, each feels held and seen in the complex experience of aging in today's world.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'California', 'Communication', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Female', 'Friends', 'Humans', 'Life Change Events', 'Middle Aged', 'Organizational Case Studies', 'Self-Help Groups', "Women's Health"]
| 19,042,738
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.658.209'], ['M01.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.349.380.710', 'N05.715.360.455'], ['N03.540.782'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Chronic dry eye and regression after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia.
|
PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between chronic dry eye and refractive regression after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia.SETTING: Excimer Laser Vision Centre and Centre for Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.METHODS: This study was based on a retrospective analysis of a clinical database and a case study series. Data (N = 565 eyes) were collected before and after (2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months) LASIK. Three case studies, which highlight appropriate management strategies for LASIK candidates with dry eye, are presented.RESULTS: Regression after LASIK was related to chronic dry eye. It occurred in 12 (27%) of 45 patients with chronic dry eye and in 34 (7%) of 520 patients without (P<.0001). Patients with chronic dry eye had significantly worse myopic outcomes than those without (1 month, P =.02; 3 months, P =.01; 6 months, P =.004; 12 months, P =.008). The risk for chronic dry eye was significantly associated with female sex, higher attempted refractive correction, greater ablation depth, and the following pre-LASIK variables: increased ocular surface staining; lower tear volume, tear stability, and corneal sensation; and dry-eye symptoms before LASIK. The risk for regression was significantly associated with higher attempted refractive correction, greater ablation depth, and dry-eye symptoms after LASIK. Case studies demonstrated that intensive dry-eye treatment may improve the refractive outcome and alleviate the need for enhancement surgery.CONCLUSION: The risk for refractive regression after LASIK was increased in patients with chronic dry eye.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cornea', 'Dry Eye Syndromes', 'Female', 'Fluorophotometry', 'Humans', 'Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myopia', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 15,050,267
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C11.496.260'], ['E01.370.380.255', 'E05.196.712.516.600.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594.480.750', 'E04.014.520.480.750', 'E04.378.500.750', 'E04.540.825.437.374'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744.636'], ['D26.776.708.645', 'D27.505.954.578.645', 'D27.720.752.608'], ['C23.550.767'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with hypochondriasis.
|
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and extent of comorbidity among patients with DSM-III-R hypochondriasis and to examine the relationships between this disorder and coexisting psychiatric illness. For this purpose, patients seen in a general medicine clinic were screened using measures of hypochondriacal attitudes and somatic symptoms. Those scoring above an established cutoff were given a structured diagnostic interview. In this manner, 50 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for hypochondriasis and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were identified. The presence of other psychiatric disorders (current and past) was determined by means of the same diagnostic interview. More hypochondriacal subjects (62.0%) had lifetime comorbidity than did controls (30.0%). Major depression, the most frequent comorbid disturbance, was usually current and most often had an onset after that of hypochondriasis. Panic disorder with agoraphobia, the most frequent anxiety disorder, was also current but often began before or at the same time as hypochondriasis. Few subjects met criteria for somatization disorder but a third qualified for a subsyndromal form of this disorder. The data show that, in medical outpatients with hypochondriasis, mood and anxiety disorders frequently coexist. This comorbidity is subject to varying interpretations including overlap of symptom criteria, treatment-seeking bias, and the possibility that hypochondriasis predisposes to or causes the comorbid disorder, as seems likely in the case of depression. In some instances hypochondriasis may be an associated feature of another illness.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypochondriasis', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Care Team', 'Personality Assessment', 'Psychometrics', 'Sick Role', 'Somatoform Disorders']
| 8,039,697
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.080'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.875.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.715'], ['F04.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F01.829.316.616.751'], ['F03.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Learning to look: Evaluating the student experience of an interactive image appraisal activity.
|
INTRODUCTION: Student radiographers have expressed difficulty in performing image appraisal tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of a workshop delivered to level 4 undergraduate students. All students completed an image appraisal activity, inputting their appraisal into software that displayed their response alongside an expert opinion. They were asked to identify and discuss any discrepancy.METHODS: All Level 4 students participated in an image appraisal workshop and were subsequently invited to take part in a focus group immediately after the activity. Twenty-three students took part in three focus groups (n = 7; n = 8; n = 8). A thematic analysis of transcripts was performed alongside validation from observations during the image appraisal activity.RESULTS: Findings demonstrate that despite teaching and resources being available, students had focused on learning a generic checklist for image appraisal, had not appreciated the application of projection specific criteria and felt underprepared. The use of specific criteria and repetition within the task was considered useful. They identified learning needs and misconceptions through peer discussion and via the expert opinion, highlighting the value of feedback. Students enjoyed the workshop and made suggestions for implementation into the curriculum.CONCLUSION: Educators must not assume that the provision of resources will result in students developing deep knowledge. Teaching and learning strategies that are task specific are recommended to avoid a surface approach to learning. Time, repetition and appropriate feedback are essential to enable learners to develop competence and confidence for complex visual tasks, such as image appraisal.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Radiography', 'Radiology', 'Students, Medical', 'Visual Perception']
| 31,582,238
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['H02.403.740'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The health problems related to atmospheric pollution in large industrial regions of Bulgaria].
|
Epidemiological studies are performed in some towns and large industrial regions of the country, in order to establish the changes in the health state of the population, due to atmospheric pollutants. The attention is directed to regions with national industrial branches, most intensively polluting the atmospheric air (metallurgy, chemistry, petroleum-chemistry, cellulose-paper industry) and such, where the air pollution is related first of all to transport across the border-line. The unfavourable effect of the atmospheric pollution on the exposed population is proved. It is however, the reason for increased morbidity according to a number of nozologics and on first place--of respiratory and allergic diseases. Parallel to that are interpreted the results of the performed inquiries and paraclinical studies, revealing the presence of prior to the disease changes in the population of the examined regions.
|
['Air Pollution', 'Bulgaria', 'Chemical Industry', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Environmental Health', 'Humans', 'Industry', 'Metallurgy', 'Paper']
| 1,796,104
|
[['N06.850.460.100'], ['Z01.542.248.180'], ['J01.576.655.437'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['H02.229'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576'], ['J01.576.655.875.400'], ['J01.637.650']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Mitochondrial transcription factor A and respiratory complex IV increase in response to exercise training in humans.
|
Protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of respiratory chain complex IV (COX I and COX IV) as well as citrate synthase activity were analysed in muscle biopsy samples of vastus lateralis in six healthy male subjects before and after 4 weeks of one-legged cycle training. One leg was trained with restricted blood flow. The other leg was trained with the same power profile but with non-restricted blood flow. Tfam, COX I and COX IV levels all increased with training, with no differences observed between the legs. The training-induced increase in citrate synthase activity was greater in the leg trained with restricted blood flow. These findings indicate that changed expression of Tfam protein could be one mechanism of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. The increases of COX I and COX IV indicate a concurrent increase of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of respiratory enzyme complex IV at the protein level in skeletal muscle in response to increased muscle activity. In this study, it was not possible to demonstrate that the greater energy disturbance induced by reduced blood flow further stimulates the expression of mitochondrial proteins, even though it did cause a greater enhancement of citrate synthase activity in concordance with earlier studies.
|
['Adult', 'Citrate (si)-Synthase', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Electron Transport Complex I', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Muscle', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Xenopus Proteins']
| 11,692,267
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.913.050.368'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D05.500.562.249', 'D08.811.600.250.500.500', 'D08.811.682.608.504', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.863', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.300', 'D12.776.331.199.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.437', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.140'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627', 'A11.284.835.626.627'], ['D12.776.575'], ['D08.811.682.608'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.045.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Streptococcus pyogenes capsule is required for adhesion of bacteria to virus-infected alveolar epithelial cells and lethal bacterial-viral superinfection.
|
An apparent worldwide resurgence of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections remains unexplained. However, we recently demonstrated in mice that when an otherwise nonlethal intranasal GAS infection is preceded by a nonlethal influenza A virus (IAV) infection, induction of lethal invasive GAS infections is often the result. In the present study, we established several isogenic mutants from a GAS isolate and evaluated several virulence factors as candidates responsible for the induction of invasive GAS infections. Disruption of the synthesis of the capsule, Mga, streptolysin O, streptolysin S, or streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B of GAS significantly reduced mortality among mice superinfected with IAV and a mutant. In addition, the number of GAS organisms adhering to IAV-infected alveolar epithelial cells was markedly reduced with the capsule-depleted mutant, although this was not the case with the other mutants. Wild-type GAS was found to bind directly to IAV particles, whereas the nonencapsulated mutant showed much less ability to bind. These results suggest that the capsule plays a key role in the invasion of host tissues by GAS following superinfection with IAV and GAS.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Bacterial Capsules', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza, Human', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Superinfection', 'Survival Rate', 'Virulence']
| 15,385,511
|
[['B01.050'], ['G06.099.050'], ['A20.186'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.575', 'B03.510.400.800.872.575', 'B03.510.550.737.872.575'], ['C01.597.880', 'C01.610.684.880', 'C01.925.597.880'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma with t(2;8) and EBNA.
|
A 56-year-old Japanese man was admitted to the hospital with a large mass in his right axilla. Histological investigation revealed that it was a Burkitt's lymphoma. Ultrastructures of the tumor cells showed immature lymphoid features with frequent lipid droplets within the cytoplasms. Virological studies before the treatment revealed that the lymphoma was closely related to EB virus infection, being positive for EBNA (more than 95% of all tumor cells) and IgG antibodies to VCA (X 5,120), EA (X 640), and EBNA (X 160). The tumor cells exhibited low levels of cytoplasmic IgM and other properties of B cells. They were positively stained with L26, L27, Leu 14, and HLA-DR MAb. In cultured tumor cells, L25 and CALLA antigens were demonstrated, but no surface Ig was shown. In contrast, the tumor cells were negative for T cell markers including AcP, E-receptor, and Leu 1, 2, and 3. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated that the karyotype of the tumor cells was 46, XY, dup (1q), t(2;8)/46, X, -Y, t(2;8), +mar. VEMP therapy was immediately conducted. However, following a two-month partial remission, a relapse with bone marrow infiltration occurred. Thus, a case of Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma with EBNA (+) and t(2;8) properties is described, and the relationships among primary sites, phenotypes, and genotypes are discussed.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 3,008,496
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.327'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.165', 'C01.925.928.313.165', 'C04.557.386.480.150.165', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.165', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.165'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325'], ['D23.050.290.249', 'D23.050.327.300'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Normotherm continuous blood cardioplegia for 4 hours in an in vivo pig model.
|
Warm, continuous blood cardioplegia should theoretically maintain cardiac arrest for hours without ischaemic or hypothermic injury. In the absence of in vivo studies of myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural and/or functional preservation during and after more than 2 hours of cardiac arrest and after weaning from bypass, we devised a porcine model with a closed extracorporeal circuit for the heart alone. Normothermic blood cardioplegia was administered antegrade and recirculated for 2 or 4 hours, each in seven pigs. After aortic declamping all were successfully weaned from bypass and reperfused for 1 hour. Thereafter we found no significant intergroup difference in haemodynamic characteristics (average fall in mean arterial pressure 31.7 +/- 3.2% and 26.9 +/- 2.6%) or blood analyses. After 5 and 60 minutes of cardiac arrest there was minimal lactate production (5.7 +/- 10.7 and 0.5 +/- 10.5 nmol/l, respectively), whereas in the remainder of the arrest period there was lactate uptake, indicating aerobic heart metabolism. Our setup avoids systemic hyperkalaemia, gives good cardiac protection with no deterioration between 2 and 4 hours and is well suited for studies on the quiescent, blood-perfused oxygenated heart.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Constriction', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Models, Biological', 'Swine']
| 8,976,032
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.225'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production.
|
The cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) is closely related to IL-2 and IL-15, and their receptors all share the common cytokine receptor gamma chain, gammac, which is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (XSCID). We demonstrate that, although mice deficient in the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) have normal lymphoid development, after immunization, these animals have higher production of the immunoglobulin IgE, but lower IgG1, than wild-type animals. Mice lacking both IL-4 and IL-21R exhibited a significantly more pronounced phenotype, with dysgammaglobulinemia, characterized primarily by a severely impaired IgG response. Thus, IL-21 has a significant influence on the regulation of B cell function in vivo and cooperates with IL-4. This suggests that these gammac-dependent cytokines may be those whose inactivation is primarily responsible for the B cell defect in humans with XSCID.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody-Producing Cells', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Targeting', 'Genetic Diseases, X-Linked', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukins', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Receptors, Interleukin-21', 'Severe Combined Immunodeficiency', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Toxoplasmosis, Animal']
| 12,446,913
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063', 'A15.382.032'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.335'], ['C16.320.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.900.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.900'], ['C16.320.798.750', 'C16.614.815', 'C18.452.284.800', 'C20.673.795.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['C01.610.701.688.817', 'C01.610.752.250.800.110', 'C01.610.752.625.817', 'C22.674.710.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro.
|
Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, MZBs must migrate up the shear force of blood flow. We present here a method for analyzing this flow-induced MZB migration in vitro. First, MZBs are isolated from the mouse spleen. Second, MZBs are settled on integrin ligands in flow chamber slides, exposed to shear flow, and imaged under a microscope while migrating. Third, images of the migrating MZBs are processed using the MTrack2 automatic cell tracking plugin for ImageJ, and the resulting cell tracks are quantified using the Ibidi chemotaxis tool. The migration data reveal how fast the cells move, how often they change direction, whether the shear flow vector affects their migration direction, and which integrin ligands are involved. Although we use MZBs, the method can easily be adapted for analyzing migration of any leukocyte that responds to the force of shear flow.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemotaxis', 'Lymphoid Tissue', 'Mice', 'Spleen', 'Time-Lapse Imaging']
| 30,531,718
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['A10.549', 'A15.382.520.604'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['E01.370.350.600.817', 'E05.712.657', 'L01.280.960.399']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic Signal Compression for Robust Motion Vision in Flies.
|
Sensory systems need to reliably extract information from highly variable natural signals. Flies, for instance, use optic flow to guide their course and are remarkably adept at estimating image velocity regardless of image statistics. Current circuit models, however, cannot account for this robustness. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila visual system reduces input variability by rapidly adjusting its sensitivity to local contrast conditions. We exhaustively map functional properties of neurons in the motion detection circuit and find that local responses are compressed by surround contrast. The compressive signal is fast, integrates spatially, and derives from neural feedback. Training convolutional neural networks on estimating the velocity of natural stimuli shows that this dynamic signal compression can close the performance gap between model and organism. Overall, our work represents a comprehensive mechanistic account of how neural systems attain the robustness to carry out survival-critical tasks in challenging real-world environments.
|
['Animals', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Motion Perception', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Neurons', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 31,928,873
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Complement mediated apoptosis leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells in animal model of glaucoma.
|
This study investigated the role of complement in the protection of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in chronic ocular hypertension model of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated in the right eye of Lewis rats by laser photocoagulation (two treatments, 7days apart) of episcleral and limbal veins. Left eye did not receive laser treatment and served as control. Animals were injected with cobra venom factor every fifth day starting day 7 after first laser, to deplete the complement system. Animals were sacrificed at 6-week post-laser. Levels of C3 split products and membrane attack complex (MAC) were elevated in the retina of eyes with increased IOP and complement depletion reduced the loss of Brn3a(+) RGCs accompanied by decreased expression of GFAP and reduced MAC deposition. In complement depleted rats with increased IOP, reduced TUNEL(+) cells in ganglion cell layer, and decreased levels of active caspase-8 and active caspase-9 was observed compared to PBS treated complement sufficient rats with increased IOP. Interestingly, complement depletion also resulted in reduction of calcium influx and levels of BAD in the retinal cells of the eyes with increased IOP. Together, our results provide evidence that complement mediated apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the loss of RGCs in chronic ocular hypertension model of glaucoma.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calcium', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glaucoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells']
| 21,821,293
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C11.525.381'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A polymerase chain reaction-based assay for detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in human blood and Culex pipiens.
|
Human blood samples and indoor-resting Culex pipiens were collected in 33 randomly selected houses from different sectors of a village in the Nile Delta of Egypt which was endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti. Blood was also collected from subjects with no history of living in filarial endemic areas. Human blood samples were divided and assessed by both membrane filtration and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Similarly, mosquito samples were assessed by both dissection and PCR. Blood pools representing each household were tested by PCR. If a pool gave a positive result, then individual blood specimens were also tested by PCR. Of the 33 houses tested, both membrane filtration and blood pools assayed by PCR identified 14 (42.4%) 'infected houses'. PCR detected parasite deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in blood pools from an additional 3 households that gave negative results by membrane filtration. Of 178 endemic blood samples tested by membrane filtration, 22 (12.3%) had microfilariae and all were individually positive by PCR. Although microfilaria counts were lower in blood collected during the day than in night-collected blood, the PCR results were consistent, regardless of time of collection. All non-endemic blood samples were negative by PCR. Among the 33 houses rested, mosquito pools assayed by PCR identified 17 (51.5%) as 'infected households'. Of these, 8 houses (47%) contained at least one microfilaraemic resident. One 'infected household' was identified by mosquito dissection. We concluded that PCR is a powerful epidemiological tool for screening villages for the prevalence of W. bancrofti. PCR detection of W. bancrofti DNA in blood-fed mosquitoes could be used initially to locate endemic areas with transmission of bancroftian filariasis. PCR detection of W. bancrofti DNA in blood collected during the day could then be used to assess W. bancrofti infection rates.
|
['Animals', 'Culex', 'Female', 'Filariasis', 'Humans', 'Microfilariae', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Wuchereria bancrofti']
| 9,196,756
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.225'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.470', 'B05.525'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.708.150']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of cholesteryl ester metabolism in the hamster liver.
|
Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity has been described in the cytosolic and microsomal fraction of rat liver, but the relationship of these activities to other parameters of hepatic cholesterol metabolism is not known. We have studied this in the hamster by manipulating the flux of cholesterol across the liver by dietary modifications. A bile acid sequestrant was used to stimulate LDL receptor activity and hence flux of cholesterol into the liver. A cholesterol-rich diet caused a hypercholesterolaemia and substantial uptake of cholesterol and deposition in the liver. Hypercholesterolaemia was also induced by a saturated fat-rich diet, but in contrast this reduced the flux of cholesterol into the liver. Animals were fed these diets for 1 week and then the livers removed and enzyme activities determined. These were 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, microsomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase and cytosolic cholesteryl ester hydrolase. Feeding the bile acid sequestrant increased the hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester in the liver over its synthesis. In contrast, both fat feeding and cholesterol feeding caused a reduction in the relative rate of hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester compared with synthesis. This was particularly marked with the cholesterol-rich diet. These results show that the hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester in hamster liver responds to dietary manipulation in a way that reflects the needs of the cell for cholesterol or the presence of an excess. It is suggested that a metabolically significant cholesteryl ester cycle may operate in the liver to a greater extent that had previously been thought.
|
['Animals', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Cholestyramine Resin', 'Coconut Oil', 'Cricetinae', 'Cytosol', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fats', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Plant Oils', 'Sterol Esterase', 'Sterol O-Acyltransferase']
| 2,340,303
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['D05.750.716.579.159', 'D25.720.716.579.159', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579.159'], ['D10.627.700.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.700'], ['D08.811.913.050.799']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Development and utilization of the Nominal Standard Dose for the tolerance dosage to healthy tissue in radiotherapy].
|
The utilization of the Ellis-formula for the determination of the tolerance of normal connective tissue is described. Beyond this, the formula is adapted to so-called critical organs. The individual suppositions implicated by the Ellis-formula are commented. Because of the verifyable congruency of the Ellis-formula with data obtained in clinical practice also by other authors, this conception is presented for the provisional determination of the limits of tolerance of normal tissue together with a computerized programme elaborated for use in different therapeutic techniques.
|
['Computers', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Humans', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 1,258,089
|
[['L01.224.230.260'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E02.815.639'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Association-dissociation of histone oligomers. A spin label study.
|
The spin label method has been used to obtain information about conformational changes of histone oligomers taking advantage of the fact that at a low ionic strength and in the presence of other histones about 45% of cysteine residues of histone H3 react with the 3-maleimido-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl spin label. For the labeled complexes H3-H4 and H nu the degree of immobilization of the spin label is a function of the ionic strength. This variation is identical for both complexes within a long range of ionic strengths, including the interval of 0.8-2 M NaCl, under which conditions interactions are known to exist between the tetramer (H3)2 (H4)2 and the dimer (H2A) (H2B). This finding suggests a negligible influence of the dimer for modifying the cysteine residue environment of histone H3 on octamer formation. GuHCl treatment at high ionic strength of the labeled complexes gives rise to a non-lineal increase in the degree of mobility of the spin label. This increase, at low GuHCl concentration (0-0.5 M GuHCl), is interpreted as showing a lowering in rigidity for the Cys residue environment, without affecting the general stability of the tetramer (H3)2 (H4)2. At higher GuHCl concentration (2-3 M GuHCl) the increase in the spin label mobility is related to a dissociation of the complexes in single histones. Our results are consistent with the view that the overall structure of the tetramer, as well as its conformational changes during complex structuration or denaturation, are not strongly affected by the presence of the dimer (H2A) (H2B).
|
['Cysteine', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Guanidines', 'Histones', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Nucleosomes', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Thymus Gland']
| 6,099,335
|
[['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D02.078.370'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['D05'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['G02.640'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma: review of 106 cases and proposed new classification.
|
The gross and microscopic appearances of 106 resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas were reviewed and correlated with postoperative survival. Instead of using an established classification based on histological pattern, the tumours were categorised by cellular morphology and site as either parenchymal adenocarcinoma (67%), bronchial adenocarcinoma (13%), or adenocarcinoma of uncertain origin (20%). Despite their pleomorphic appearance parenchymal adenocarcinomas should be regarded as a single entity, derived from multipotential cells of the distal airway; bronchial adenocarcinomas were generally, but not invariably, associated with short postoperative survival; those tumours that could not be reclassified on histological grounds were large adenocarcinomas consisting mainly of mucus cells. Tumours of this type carry a poor prognosis.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bronchial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 3,818,979
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109', 'C08.127.265', 'C08.785.520.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protective activation of the endocannabinoid system during ischemia in dopamine neurons.
|
Endocannabinoids act as neuroprotective molecules promptly released in response to pathological stimuli. Hence, they may represent one component of protection and/or repair mechanisms mobilized by dopamine (DA) neurons under ischemia. Here, we show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) plays a key role in protecting DA neurons from ischemia-induced altered spontaneous activity both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, neuroprotection can be elicited through moderate cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) activation. Conversely, blockade of endocannabinoid actions through CB1 receptor antagonism worsens the outcome of transient ischemia on DA neuronal activity. These findings indicate that 2-AG mediates neuroprotective actions by delaying damage and/or restoring function of DA cells through activation of presynaptic CB1 receptors. Lastly, they point to CB1 receptors as valuable targets in protection of DA neurons against ischemic injury and emphasize the need for a better understanding of endocannabinoid actions in the fine control of DA transmission.
|
['Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Benzoxazines', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators', 'Dopamine', 'Electrophysiology', 'Endocannabinoids', 'Glycerides', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Morpholines', 'Naphthalenes', 'Neurons', 'Piperidines', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Rimonabant', 'Signal Transduction', 'Ventral Tegmental Area']
| 16,762,556
|
[['D08.811.277.087'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['D03.383.533.249', 'D03.633.100.209'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['D27.505.519.625.085', 'D27.505.696.399.472.188'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D10.251.265'], ['D10.351'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D03.383.533.640'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.100'], ['D03.383.129.539.888', 'D03.383.621.834'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cholinergic traits in rat mandibular processes observed by electron microscopy.
|
Cholinergic traits in rat mandibular processes were examined histochemically, under the electron microscope, at early developmental stages (Stages 20 to 23, by Christie's nomenclature). The histochemical reaction for detection of enzymes was performed by the thiocholine method. Nonspecific cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activity was found in ectomesenchymal cells, vascular endothelial cells, and in some epidermal cells at stages 20 and 21. The enzymatic activity was localized in the perinuclear and endoplasmic reticular cisternae. At stage 22, the number of cells with enzymatic activity decreased gradually, except in the case of the capillary endothelial cells. At stage 23, when the trigeminal nerve fiber was obvious in the mandibular processes, nonspecific cholinesterase activity was restricted to some of the endothelial cells and trigeminal ganglionic cells. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity was found on the membrane of trigeminal nerve fiber. Thus, the transient, nonspecific, cholinesterase activity, found in rat mandibular processes, may serve some functions in transmission, lipid metabolism or destruction of toxic cholinesters during the period that precedes organogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Choline', 'Cholinesterases', 'Endothelium', 'Epithelium', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Mandible', 'Mesoderm', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Morphogenesis', 'Neural Crest', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Trigeminal Nerve']
| 3,631,533
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170'], ['A10.272.491'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['A16.504.660'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G07.345.500'], ['A16.627'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.800.800.120.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lift-off Test Results After Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy Versus Subscapularis Peel in Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.
|
BACKGROUND: The ideal method for management of the subscapularis tendon during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains controversial.METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, primary anatomic TSA procedures performed with either a subscapularis peel or a lesser tuberosity osteotomy from 2002 to 2010 were reviewed at a minimum 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the performance of a normal lift-off test postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if other covariates besides surgical technique correlated with an abnormal lift-off test result.RESULTS: Ninety TSA procedures were evaluated. Forty-six procedures were performed with subscapularis peel, and 44 were performed with lesser tuberosity osteotomy. Mean follow-up was 4 years. In the subscapularis peel group, 32 of 46 shoulders (69.6%) had a normal lift-off test, compared with 40 of 44 shoulders (90.9%) in the lesser tuberosity osteotomy group (P = 0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression suggested that lesser tuberosity osteotomy was associated with a normal postoperative lift-off test 4.5 times more often than was subscapularis peel.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the use of lesser tuberosity osteotomy as the surgical approach for anatomic TSA is a reliable option that provides the patient with a better chance of maintaining subscapularis function postoperatively than the subscapularis peel does.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III retrospective cohort study.
|
['Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Osteotomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radius', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,234,638
|
[['E04.555.110.110.299', 'E04.650.110.299', 'E04.680.101.110.299'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E04.555.580'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genome-wide imaging association study implicates functional activity and glial homeostasis of the caudate in smoking addiction.
|
BACKGROUND: Nearly 6 million deaths and over a half trillion dollars in healthcare costs worldwide are attributed to tobacco smoking each year. Extensive research efforts have been pursued to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of smoking addiction and facilitate cessation. In this study, we genotyped and obtained both resting state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging from 64 non-smokers and 42 smokers. Smokers were imaged after having smoked normally ("sated") and after having not smoked for at least 12 h ("abstinent").RESULTS: While abstinent smokers did not differ from non-smokers with respect to pairwise resting state functional connectivities (RSFCs) between 12 brain regions of interest, RSFCs involving the caudate and putamen of sated smokers significantly differed from those of non-smokers (P < 0.01). Further analyses of caudate and putamen activity during elicited experiences of reward and disappointment show that caudate activity during reward (CR) correlated with smoking status (P = 0.015). Moreover, abstinent smokers with lower CR experienced greater withdrawal symptoms (P = 0.024), which suggests CR may be related to smoking urges. Associations between genetic variants and CR, adjusted for smoking status, were identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Genes containing or exhibiting caudate-specific expression regulation by these variants were enriched within Gene Ontology terms that describe cytoskeleton functions, synaptic organization, and injury response (P < 0.001, FDR < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: By integrating genomic and imaging data, novel insights into potential mechanisms of caudate activation and homeostasis are revealed that may guide new directions of research toward improving our understanding of addiction pathology.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neuroglia', 'Reward', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smoking']
| 28,927,378
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['F01.470'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['F02.463.425.770.836'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sick sinus syndrome due to cardiac amyloidosis.
|
In a patient suffering from cardiac amyloidosis a case of sick sinus syndrome, manifested by markedly prolonged recovery time of the sinus node, was documented by an atrial pacing study. The first A-V junctional escape interval was markedly prolonged following the termination of the atrial pacing, pointing to a coexisting A-V nodal dysfunction. The patient required a permanent artificial pacemaker implantation.
|
['Amyloidosis', 'Arrhythmia, Sinus', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Syndrome']
| 657,173
|
[['C18.452.845.500'], ['C14.280.067.093', 'C23.550.073.093'], ['C14.280.238'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[A retrospective study of patients with epidemic optic neuropathy in a health area].
|
The sample of 104 patients who were diagnosed optic epidemic neuropathy at the health area of the "Rampa" Polyclinic in 1993 was reviewed. 50 of them were studied again. Visual acuity as well as the sensitivity to contrast by the Pelli Robson's method were explored. Ishihara's color-vision test was applied and an ophthalmological examination including fundus of the eye was made. All this was done by a group of experts who were searching temporary papillary paleness or lost of the bundles of papillomacular fibres, which are the diagnostic elements of the disease even in those cases that recover vision. 21 (42%) of the 50 studied patients fulfilled the criteria established for these cases by the Ministry of Public Health concerning visual acuity and color vision to diagnose optic epidemic neuropathy, although only 14 (28%) were ratified as cases. The typical alterations of the fundus of the eye were described, confirming the diagnosis. Cases were classified according to the initial state of visual acuity and to evolution. 3 had had an affectation of the visual acuity of 0.1 or worse (severe), and only one patient had a mild affectation with 0.8 of vision. The rest ranged between 0.2 and 0.6. Only one patient had a serious sequela. The low percentage of cases ratified as optic epidemic neuropathy does not represent what happened in the whole country, but it may be considered as a pattern of what took place at those units with the same conditions during the peak of the epidemic.
|
['Color Perception', 'Cuba', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Humans', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Visual Acuity']
| 10,349,459
|
[['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['Z01.107.084.900.225', 'Z01.639.880.225'], ['N06.850.290'], ['A09.371.729.313'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['C10.668.829'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A novel nitro-oxy substituted analogue of rofecoxib reduces human colon cancer cell growth.
|
Rofecoxib is a specific COX-2 inhibitor able to exert antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells. It was withdrawn from the market after the demonstration of an increased risk of cardiovascular complications after prolonged use. Nevertheless, it remains an interesting compound for laboratory research as an experimental COX-2 inhibitor. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of a novel dinitro-oxy-substituted analogue of rofecoxib (NO-rofe), potentially less cardiotoxic, has been investigated in vitro on human colon cancer cells and compared with the action of the parent drug. Due to the fact that COX-2 inhibition is the main characteristic of coxibs, we performed all experiments in COX-2-overexpressing (HT-29) and COX-2-negative (SW-480) human colon cancer cells, to elucidate whether the observed effects were dependent on COX-2 inhibition. Moreover, experiments were performed in order to evaluate whether COX-2 pharmacological inhibition may affect beta-catenin/E-cadherin signaling pathway. NO-rofe exerted a significant antiproliferative activity on COX-2 positive HT-29 human colon cancer cells, being less effective on the COX-2 negative SW-480 human colon cancer cell line. In particular, the rofecoxib analogue retained similar potencies with respect to COX-2 inhibition but was much more active than rofecoxib in inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer cells in vitro. In addition, this novel compound resulted in the induction of membrane â-catenin/E-cadherin expression, a feature that may significantly contribute to its antiproliferative activity.
|
['4-Butyrolactone', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cadherins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Nitrates', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'beta Catenin']
| 22,002,318
|
[['D02.540.150', 'D03.383.312.150'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selected qualitative and biochemical parameters of cryopreserved semen of Holstein-Friesian (HF) AI bulls.
|
Selected qualitative and biochemical parameters were determined in cryopreserved semen used for artificial insemination, sampled from 120 bulls reared at the Animal Breeding and Insemination Center in Bydgoszcz. The total average motility of the analyzed sperm samples was determined at 62.51%. The percentage of motile spermatozoa displaying progressive forward motility was 21.65%. Analyzed samples were characterized by a high percentage of sperm cells with a intact plasma membrane (71.21%) and active mitochondria (71.32%). High efficiency of the enzymatic antioxidant system of the evaluated sperm cells was demonstrated by high activity of CAT, GPx and SOD (494.37, 2847.83 and 5.31U/1x10(9) spermatozoa, respectively) values and low values of the DNA Fragmentation Index (9.32). The results of the study, obtained with the involvement of advanced analytical methods, indicate a high fertilizing capability of the analyzed sperm samples.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cryopreservation', 'Insemination, Artificial', 'Male', 'Semen', 'Semen Analysis', 'Semen Preservation']
| 25,928,933
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E02.875.800.937', 'E05.820.800.937', 'G08.686.784.363.492'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E01.370.225.992', 'E05.200.992'], ['E02.792.833.890', 'E05.760.833.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical and pathological differences between Mikulicz's disease and Sj?gren's syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: Mikulicz's disease (MD) has been included within the diagnosis of primary Sj?gren's syndrome (SS), but represents a unique condition involving enlargement of the lachrymal and salivary glands and characterized by few autoimmune reactions and good responsiveness to glucocorticoids. We have previously described elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 in the serum of four patients with MD. In this paper, we accumulated more MD cases and undertook clinical and histopathological analysis of these patients to clarify differences between MD and SS.METHODS: We diagnosed seven patients with MD according to the following criteria: (i) visual confirmation of symmetrical and persistent swelling in more than two lachrymal and major salivary glands; (ii) prominent mononuclear infiltration of lachrymal and salivary glands; and (iii) exclusion of other diseases that present with glandular swelling, such as sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative disease. We summarized the clinical and serological characteristics (IgG subclasses and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio) of seven patients with MD, compared with SS with glandular swelling (SSw) and without glandular swelling (SSo). After steroid administration, we analysed changes in IgG subclasses in MD. Labial salivary gland specimens in MD, SSw and SSo were stained with anti-IgG4 antibodies.RESULTS: The concentration (+/-s.d.) of IgG4 was 1169.7 +/- 892.2 mg/dl in MD, 24.4 +/- 7.0 mg/dl in SSw (P<0.005) and 82.6 +/- 189.7 mg/dl in SSo (P<0.005). The IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio was 0.392 +/- 0.083 (0.78 +/- 0.23/2.14 +/- 0.31 IU/pg) in MD, 0.004 +/- 0.002 (0.20 +/- 0.07/57.02 +/- 14.05 IU/pg) in SSw (P<0.05) and 0.012 +/- 0.009 (0.58 +/- 0.86/116.24 +/- 207.65 IU/pg) in SSo (P<0.05). The concentration (+/-s.d.) of IgG4 in MD decreased to 254.0 +/- 50.3 mg/dl (P<0.05) after glucocorticoid treatment. Histopathologically, only MD was associated with prominent infiltration of IgG4-positive plasmacytes into lachrymal and salivary glands.CONCLUSION: Mikulicz's disease is quite different from SS clinically and histopathologically. MD is suggested to be an IgG4-related systemic disease.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lacrimal Apparatus', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Mikulicz' Disease", 'Salivary Glands', "Sjogren's Syndrome"]
| 15,509,627
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['A09.371.463', 'A10.336.422'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.815.355'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['C05.550.114.154.774', 'C05.799.114.774', 'C07.465.815.929.669', 'C11.496.260.719', 'C17.300.775.099.774', 'C20.111.199.774']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Brief historical sketch of chromosomal translocations and tumors.
|
The discovery of chromosomes emerged from the cytological analysis of mitosis in the 1870s. At the turn of the 20th century, cytologists and geneticists established that chromosomes carried the hereditary material. In the early 20th century, Theodore Boveri, recognizing the nonequivalence of individual chromosomes, began thinking about the biological consequences of imbalances of chromosomal compositions in somatic cells and how these might explain the origin of cancer. Many of his predictions would have to wait for confirmation until the 1950--1960s, when mammalian cytogenetics became feasible with the use of ascites tumors as sources of metaphases. This advance coupled with the discovery of G banding by Caspersson and his associates led to finding characteristic recurring chromosomal abnormalities in certain kinds of tumors. Chromosomal translocations that were associated with promoter deregulations or the formation of novel fusion genes were the prime models. This continuing progress combined with dramatic advances in DNA structure, transcription, and repair have provided new insights into the role of this class of mutations in neoplastic development.
|
['Chromosome Aberrations', 'Genetics', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 18,647,993
|
[['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['H01.158.273.343'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum lactate dehydrogenase with a systemic inflammation score is useful for predicting response and survival in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
|
We evaluated the relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level with systemic inflammation score and survival in 213 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receiving R-CHOP chemotherapy. The patients were classified into 3 groups based on LDH with the Glasgow Prognostic Score (L-GPS). A score of 2 was assigned to patients with elevated C-reactive protein, hypoalbuminemia and elevated LDH, a score of 1 to those with one or two abnormalities and a score of 0 to those with no abnormality. In multivariate analysis, independent poor prognostic factors for progression-free survival were L-GPS 2 [hazard ratio (HR) 5.415, p = 0.001], Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ?2 (HR 3.504, p = 0.001) and bulky lesion (HR 2.030, p = 0.039). Independent poor prognostic factors for overall survival were L-GPS 2 (HR 5.898, p = 0.001) and ECOG PS ?2 (HR 3.525, p = 0.001). The overall response rate for the R-CHOP chemotherapy decreased according to the L-GPS; it was 96.7% at L-GPS 0, 87% at L-GPS 1 and 75% at L-GPS 2 (p = 0.009). L-GPS based on systemic inflammatory indicators may be a useful clinical prognostic indicator for survival, and predicts the response for R-CHOP chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Lactate Dehydrogenases', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prednisone', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rituximab', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vincristine', 'Young Adult']
| 24,969,101
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.469'], ['D08.811.682.047.551'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284.785'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Relation between early and advanced gastric cancer.
|
Of 75 consecutive inpatients with gastric carcinoma during a 3.5 year period, 40 underwent operation with the intention of cure, 5 had palliative gastric resection and 30 had exploratory celiotomy only. Early gastric cancer was found in 11 cases, that is, 15 percent of patients with gastric carcinoma or 24 percent of patients subjected to gastrectomy. The patients with early gastric cancer were operated on with the intention of cure. Comparison with a previous series from the same geographic area shows that the ratio between early gastric cancer and all gastric cancer increased significantly. This improvement in the management of patients with gastric carcinoma can be ascribed to the use of gastroscopy and biopsy. The survival rates in patients with early gastric cancer are excellent. The prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer, on the other hand, is poor and has remained so for the last 30 to 40 years. Twelve of the 75 patients had gastric stump carcinoma; 2 of these were early gastric cancer. Screening of asymptomatic patients for gastric cancer is at present an impossible task in most Western countries, but the risk of cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign lesions makes screening desirable in this selected group of patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Palliative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Sweden', 'Time Factors']
| 6,158,879
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Therapist actions that address initially poor therapeutic alliances in psychotherapy.
|
The authors studied six patients treated in time-limited dynamic psychotherapy who had initially poor therapeutic alliance scores; three patients went on to have improved alliances and good outcomes, and three had unimproved alliances and poor outcomes. The therapist actions that most strongly differentiated the two groups and occurred more frequently in the cases with improved alliances and good outcomes were 1) addressing the patient's defenses, 2) addressing the patient's guilt and expectation of punishment, 3) addressing the patient's problematic feelings in relation to the therapist, and 4) linking the problematic feelings in relation to the therapist with the patient's defenses.
|
['Adjustment Disorders', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Female', 'Grief', 'Guilt', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Psychotherapy, Brief', 'Punishment', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic']
| 4,025,587
|
[['F03.950.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F01.393'], ['F01.470.142.110'], ['F01.470.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.754.709'], ['F04.754.738'], ['F02.463.425.770.571', 'I01.880.630.716'], ['F03.950.750.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Monoclonal gammapathies in long-term surviving rhesus monkeys after lethal irradiation and bone marrow transplantation.
|
Late effects of total body irradiation and subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation on the development of age-related monoclonal gammapathies (MG) were studied in 14 long-term surviving Rhesus monkeys. Together with 27 untreated control monkeys, they have been followed up for more than 20 years. In contrast with the control group, the experimental monkeys developed MG with aging in higher frequencies, earlier and mainly of the benign MG category. One experimental monkey developed a multiple myeloma, the first observed in the nonhuman primates so far. These results indicate an accelerated senescence of the immune system in the experimental monkeys as a late consequence of tissue or cell damage during irradiation.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Immunoglobulin Isotypes', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Paraproteinemias', 'Radiotherapy', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 2,070,572
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['C15.378.147.780', 'C20.683.780'], ['E02.815'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Morphological characteristics and physiological properties of aflatoxin B1 producing and non-producing Aspergillus flavus strains].
|
Comparison between about 80 strains of Aspergillus flavus, belonging to the series flavus and oryzae, obtained from international collections but also isolated from French or African substrates revealed the following observations: 1. Cultural and morphological characteristics of toxicogenic and atoxicogenic strains of A. flavus are similar. However, the former produce a diffusible yellow pigment in 83% of isolates. 2. The two groups of conidiospores have the same resistance to UV irradiation (254 nm, 5 and 10 min). All the strains are equally sensitive to 4 antifungal antibiotics: nystatine, ketoconazole, clotrimazole and amphotericine. 3. A difference was seen in the capacity to produce enzymes as alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase, implicated in the glucid metabolism. The specific hydrolytic activity has been confirmed by the characterization of a large amount of beta-galactosidase and by a diauxic growth on glucose medium supplemented by lactose. Possible relationship between these characters and aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus strains is discussed.
|
['Aflatoxin B1', 'Aflatoxins', 'Aspergillus flavus']
| 3,932,861
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119.075', 'D03.633.100.150.119.075', 'D23.946.587.142.075'], ['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['B01.300.381.081.170']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence of renal dysfunction over 6 months in patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction: contributing factors and relationship to prognosis.
|
AIMS: To determine the prevalence and incidence of renal dysfunction (RD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), to identify contributory factors and predictors of worsening renal function (WRF), and to explore the relationship between RD and mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective data on 1216 patients with CHF were analysed. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used to determine renal function, and WRF was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of >26.5 micromol/L (>0.3 mg/dL). The prevalence of RD defined as a GFR of <60 mL/min was 57%. During 6 months, WRF occurred in 161 (13.0%) patients. Predictors of WRF were vascular disease, the use of thiazide diuretics, and a baseline urea >9 mmol/L. Two hundred and sixty-three (21.6%) patients died, and baseline RD and WRF both predicted a higher mortality (P<0.001), whereas an improvement in renal function over the first 6 months predicted a lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.0).CONCLUSION: In ambulatory patients with CHF, RD is common, commonly deteriorates over a relatively short period of time, is unlikely to recover substantially, and augurs a poor prognosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chronic Disease', 'Creatinine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Regression, Psychology', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 16,364,971
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['F01.393.784'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The disposition and kinetics of intravenous N-acetylcysteine in patients with paracetamol overdosage.
|
Seventeen patients received standard treatment with intravenous N-acetylcysteine for 18 episodes of severe poisoning with paracetamol (acetaminophen). The dose of N-acetylcysteine was 150 mg/kg given in 15 min followed by 50 mg/kg in 4 h and 100 mg/kg over the next 16 h. Liver damage was absent or mild on 13 occasions (ALT greater than 500 mu/l) and severe on 5 (ALT less than 1000 mu/l). Total plasma N-acetylcysteine was estimated by HPLC. The mean maximum plasma concentration after the initial loading dose was 554 mg/l. Concentrations then fell rapidly and after 12 h a mean steady-state level of about 35 mg/l was maintained. When the infusion was discontinued N-acetylcysteine disappeared with a half-life of 5.7 h. The mean steady-state volume of distribution, AUC, mean residence time and total clearance were 536 ml/kg, 1748 mg.h.l-1, 2.91 h and 3.18 ml.min-1.kg-1. These values are generally consistent with those previously reported with much smaller doses and the disposition of N-acetylcysteine does not appear to be dose-dependent. The elimination of N-acetylcysteine was not impaired in the patients with severe liver damage, and the pharmacokinetic variables and plasma concentrations were similar in patients with and without hepatotoxicity. The dosage schedule for intravenous N-acetylcysteine should probably be modified since adverse reactions invariably occur early when plasma concentrations are at their highest, and liver damage was prevented just as effectively at the lowest as at the highest Cmax. High initial concentrations of N-acetylcysteine can be avoided with simple alternative regimens based on the kinetic data of this study.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Acetylcysteine', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male']
| 2,598,989
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['E01.370.372.460']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the dinoflagellate, Amphidinium operculatum.
|
A cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) was identified in the dinoflagellate Amphidinium operculum. In vitro kinase activity towards kemptide, a PKA-specific substrate, was not detectable in crude lysates. However, fractionation of dinoflagellate extracts by gel filtration chromatography showed PKA-like activity toward kemptide at approximately 66 kDa. These findings suggest that possible low molecular mass inhibitors in crude lysates were removed by the gel filtration chromatography. Pre-incubation of extracts with cAMP prior to chromatography resulted in an apparent molecular mass shift in the in vitro kinase assay to 40 kDa. An in-gel kinase assay reflected activity of the free catalytic subunit at approximately 40 kDa. Furthermore, western blotting with an antibody to the human PKA catalytic subunit confirmed a catalytic subunit with a mass of approximately 40 kDa. Results from this study indicate that the PKA in A. operculatum has a catalytic subunit of similar size to that in higher eukaryotes, but with a holoenzyme of a size suggesting a dimeric, rather than tetrameric structure.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Dinoflagellida', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Molecular Weight', 'Oligopeptides']
| 12,431,399
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['B01.043.214'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644.456']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional assessment of human femoral arteries after cryopreservation.
|
PURPOSE: An established method of cryostorage that might preserve the vascular and endothelial responses of human femoral arteries (HFAs) to be transplanted as allografts was studied.METHODS: HFAs were harvested from multiorgan donors and stored at 4 degrees C in Belzer solution before cryostorage. One hundred eleven HFA rings were isolated and randomly assigned to 1 control group of unfrozen HFAs and 2 groups of HFAs cryopreserved for 7 and 30 days, respectively. Cryopreservation was performed in Elohes solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide (1.8 mmol/L), and the rate of cooling was 1.6 degrees C/min, until -141 degrees C was reached. The contractile and relaxant responses of unfrozen and frozen/thawed arteries were assessed in organ bath by measurement of isometric force generated by the HFAs.RESULTS: After thawing, the maximal contractile responses to all the contracting agonists tested (KCl, U46619 [a thromboxane A2-mimetic], norepinephrine, serotonin, and endothelin-1) were in the range of 7% to 34% of the responses in unfrozen HFAs. The endothelium-independent relaxant responses to forskolin and verapamil were weakly altered, whereas the endothelium-independent relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside were markedly reduced. Cryostorage of HFAs also resulted in a loss of the endothelium-dependent relaxant response to acetylcholine. The vascular and endothelial responses were similarly altered in the HFAs cryopreserved for 7 and 30 days.CONCLUSION: The cryopreservation method used provided a limited preservation of HFAs contractility, a good preservation of the endothelium-independent relaxant responses, but no apparent preservation of the endothelium-dependent relaxation. It is possible that further refinements of the cryopreservation protocol, such as a slower rate of cooling and a more controlled stepwise addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, might allow better post-thaw functional recovery of HFAs.
|
['Cryopreservation', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Femoral Artery', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 9,719,322
|
[['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['E04.936.864'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiac microdialysis in isolated rat hearts: interstitial purine metabolites during ischemia.
|
Cardiac microdialysis is a recently developed technique that allows intramyocardial interstitial fluid (ISF) to be sampled via the implantation and perfusion of a small, hollow dialysis fiber within the myocardium. The purpose of this paper is to describe initial studies using cardiac microdialysis in the isolated perfused heart. Microdialysis probes, constructed in the laboratory, were implanted in the left ventricular myocardium of isolated perfused rat hearts and perfused at 0.5 microliter/min with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. The effluent dialysate, assayed for adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid, was used as an index of intramyocardial levels of these purine metabolites. All metabolites were elevated initially after implantation, declined rapidly in the first 45 min, and were then stable for the next 90 min. Based on in vitro percent recovery data, baseline dialysate concentrations were extrapolated to yield estimates of intramyocardial ISF (in microM) 0.47 adenosine, 0.85 inosine, 0.29 hypoxanthine, 0.49 xanthine, and 8.6 uric acid. During global zero-flow ischemia (37 degrees C), dialysate levels of all purine metabolites were elevated, with inosine being the predominant compound. Pretreatment of the hearts with 50 microM erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, markedly enhanced ISF adenosine accumulation and attenuated the accumulation of inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. The simplicity and versatility of cardiac microdialysis in the isolated perfused heart suggest that this technique may be a valuable adjunct to the many studies performed using this preparation.
|
['Adenine', 'Animals', 'Coronary Disease', 'Dialysis', 'Extracellular Space', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Myocardium', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Perfusion', 'Pressure', 'Purines', 'Rats']
| 1,621,849
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['E05.481'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.640'], ['E05.680'], ['G01.374.715'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of p38MAPK signaling cascade in a VSMC injury model: role of p38MAPK inhibitors in limiting VSMC proliferation.
|
INTRODUCTION: P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has a crucial role in regulating signaling pathways implicated in the cellular events leading to restenosis. We examine p38MAPK activation in response to vascular cell injury, its biological effects and determine whether selective p38MAPK inhibitors, SB220025/SB203580, decrease vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation.METHODS: Human aortic VSMCs were cultured and wounds made on the monolayers to elicit mitogenic responses and induce p38MAPK activation. P38MAPK inhibitor pretreatment, at varying doses (1-100 microM) and treatment duration was used to block p38MAPK phosphorylation. Cytotoxicity, viability, proliferation and apoptosis were determined and expression of p38MAPK/phospho-p38MAPK was obtained by chemiluminiscent immunoblot analysis.RESULTS: Phosphorylation of p38MAPK depended on injury severity and was inhibited by both p38MAPK inhibitors, but not by SB202474, a specific antagonist of p38MAPK inhibitors. VSMCs treated with p38MAPK inhibitors showed a dose-dependent decrease in viable cell number, apoptosis and proliferation, reversing the deleterious effects of p38MAPK activation comparable to controls (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: This wound injury model activates the p38MAPK-signaling cascade in VSMC and causes cell proliferation that can be abrogated by pre-incubation with p38MAPK selective synthetic inhibitors in a time and dose-dependent manner. SB220025 used here for the first time in VSMC reveals itself to be a stronger p38MAPK inhibitor than SB203580 and being a second generation inhibitor may be the preferred drug for novel therapeutic maneuvers.
|
['Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Phosphorylation', 'Pyridines', 'Pyrimidines', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 15,966,085
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sleep science, schedules, and safety in hospitals: challenges and solutions for pediatric providers.
|
Sleep deprivation is common among resident physicians and clinical fellows. Current evidence about sleep science, performance, shift work, and medical errors consistently demonstrates positive impact from reduction of excessive duty hours, particularly when shift length is shortened. This article provides an overview of this literature, highlighting research on diminished physician cognitive performance due to sleep deprivation and the increase in the number of medical errors that is seen under these conditions. Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education trainee duty hour guidelines are reviewed. Practical approaches to evidence-based scheduling of shift-work are also discussed, with attention to improving patient safety.
|
['Child', 'Fatigue', 'Hospital Administration', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Medical Errors', 'Patient Safety', 'Pediatrics', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'United States', 'Work Schedule Tolerance', 'Workload']
| 23,116,528
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['C23.888.369'], ['H02.309', 'N02.278.216.500', 'N04.452.442.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['N02.421.450'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['H02.403.670'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I03.946.225.375', 'N04.452.677.650.375'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS)].
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS).METHODS: This is a methodological cultural adaptation study. The MIDAS consists of 35-items covering seven domains: physical activity, insecurity, emotional reaction, dependency, diet, concerns over medication, and side effects which are rated on a five-point Likert scale from 1: never to 5:always. The highest score of MIDAS is 100.Quality of life (QOL) decreases as the score of scale increases. Overall 185 myocardial infarction (MI) patients were enrolled in this study. Cronbach alpha was used for the reliability analysis. The criterion validity, structural validity, and sensitivity analysis approach was used for validity analysis. New York Heart Association (NYHA) and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Functional Classifications (CCSFC) for testing the criterion validity; SF-36 for construct validity testing of the Turkish version of the MIDAS were used.RESULTS: The range of Cronbach alpha values is 0.79-0.90 for seven domains of the scale. No problematic items were observed for the entire scale. Medication related domains of the MIDAS showed considerable floor effects (35.7%-22.7%). Confirmatory Factor analysis indicators [Comparative Fit Index (CFI) =0.95 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) =0.075] supported the construct validity of MIDAS. Convergent validity of the MIDAS was confirmed with correlation of SF-36 scale where appropriate. Criterion validity results was also satisfactory by comparing different stages of the NYHA and the CCSFC (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Overall results revealed that Turkish version of the MIDAS is a reliable and valid instrument.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Turkey']
| 21,652,294
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.711.780'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High-molecular-weight hyaluronan--a valuable tool in testing the antioxidative activity of amphiphilic drugs stobadine and vinpocetine.
|
The antioxidative activity of stobadine and vinpocetine was studied in vitro by measuring their inhibition effect on the depolymerization of the high-molecular-weight hyaluronan by hydroxyl radicals. The radicals were generated by the Cu(2+)-H2O2 system. Hyaluronan depolymerization was monitored by means of size exclusion chromatography. The antioxidative activity of stobadine and vinpocetine was compared to that of D-mannitol. A 50% inhibition of hyaluronan depolymerization was reached at stobadine and vinpocetine concentrations of 1.7 x 10(-6) and 3.0 x 10(-7) mol l-1, respectively, while a D-mannitol level of 2.6 x 10(-3) mol l-1 was needed to achieve the same inhibitory effect.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Carbolines', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Mannitol', 'Molecular Weight', 'Vinca Alkaloids']
| 9,589,399
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.383.725.150', 'D03.633.100.473.155', 'D03.633.300.154'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['G02.494'], ['D03.132.436.681.827', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Complete clinical and functional recovery following low-dose methotrexate related paraparesis in a patient with compound c.1298A>C AND c.677C>T MTHFR polymorphism: A case report.
|
RATIONALE: The mechanisms of action of MTX (methotrexate) in the treatment of RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and PsA (psoriatic arthritis) is related to its antifolic activity, due to the high affinity for enzymes that require folate cofactors as dihydrofolate reductase and to the anti-inflammatory activity derivated from the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase that leads to the over-production of adenosine.PATIENT CONCERNS: Our patient was a 41-year-old female, affected by PsA in treatment since 2 years with low-dose methylprednisolone and low-dose subcutaneous MTX. The treatment was effective. The patient subacutely developed a severe paraparesis with impossibility of gait or standing without aid and was admitted to a Neurology Department where the cause of the paraparesis was not clear in spite of accurate radiological neurophysiologic and laboratory tests. Therefore, she was admitted in a rehabilitation unit.DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONS: Paraparesis in PsA patient in treatment with methotrexate. MTX toxicity was hypothesized; therefore the drug was discontinued while i.m. folic acid and cyanocobalamin were administered for 20 days. The diagnosis was clinical, based on neurological examination (paraparesis) and on the chronic use of MTX (hypothesis of toxicity).OUTCOMES: The patient obtained a complete resolution of paraparesis. Genetic analyses showed associated a compound heterozygosity for the c.1298A>C and c.677C>T variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene.LESSONS: Neurological side effects of MTX are uncommon. In literature no previous case of MTX induced paraparesis in patients treated with low-dose MTX for chronic arthritis has been described. The association between the gene polymorphisms of MTHFR (c.1298A>C and c.677C>T) and MTX toxicity in arthritis patients is confirmed. The case also confirms that folates are a precious antidote of MTX toxicity.
|
['Adult', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Psoriatic', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Methotrexate', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Paraparesis', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 30,544,400
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.116.900.853.625.800.424', 'C05.550.114.145', 'C05.550.114.865.800.424', 'C17.800.859.675.175'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['D08.811.682.662.290', 'D12.776.331.775'], ['C10.597.636.500', 'C23.888.592.643.500'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Experts consensus of dental esthetic photography].
|
Clinical photography in esthetic dentistry is an essential skill in clinical practice. It is widely applied clinically in multiple fields related to esthetic dentistry. Society of Esthetic Dentistry of Chinese Stomatological Association established a consensus for clinical photography and standards for images in esthetic dentistry in order to standardize domestic dental practitioners' procedure, and meet the demands of diagnosis and design in modern esthetic dentistry. It was also developed to facilitate domestic and international academic communication. Sixteen commonly used images in practice, which are of apparent importance in guiding esthetic analysis, design and implementation, are proposed in the standards. This consensus states the clinical significance of these images and the standard protocol of acquiring them.
|
['China', 'Consensus', 'Esthetics, Dental', 'Humans', 'Oral Medicine', 'Photography, Dental']
| 28,482,439
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['F01.829.316.068', 'F02.463.785.373.433'], ['E06.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E06.640', 'H02.163.670'], ['E01.370.350.600.631', 'E05.712.315', 'E06.342.488']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Medicalizing versus psychologizing mental illness: what are the implications for help seeking and stigma? A general population study.
|
PURPOSE: This study contrasts the medicalized conceptualization of mental illness with psychologizing mental illness and examines what the consequences are of adhering to one model versus the other for help seeking and stigma.METHODS: The survey "Stigma in a Global Context-Belgian Mental Health Study" (2009) conducted face-to-face interviews among a representative sample of the general Belgian population using the vignette technique to depict schizophrenia (N = 381). Causal attributions, labeling processes, and the disease view are addressed. Help seeking refers to open-ended help-seeking suggestions (general practitioner, psychiatrist, psychologist, family, friends, and self-care options). Stigma refers to social exclusion after treatment. The data are analyzed by means of logistic and linear regression models in SPSS Statistics 19.RESULTS: People who adhere to the biopsychosocial (versus psychosocial) model are more likely to recommend general medical care and people who apply the disease view are more likely to recommend specialized medical care. Regarding informal help, those who prefer the biopsychosocial model are less likely to recommend consulting friends than those who adhere to the psychosocial model. Respondents who apply a medical compared to a non-medical label are less inclined to recommend self-care. As concerns treatment stigma, respondents who apply a medical instead of a non-medical label are more likely to socially exclude someone who has been in psychiatric treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Medicalizing mental illness involves a package deal: biopsychosocial causal attributions and applying the disease view facilitate medical treatment recommendations, while labeling seems to trigger stigmatizing attitudes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Belgium', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Psychological Distance', 'Social Perception', 'Social Stigma', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stereotyping', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 23,474,612
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.145.813.630', 'F01.829.316.777'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.100.920', 'F01.145.813.854'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
ADAM10 is required for SCF-induced mast cell migration.
|
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM)-10 plays critical roles in neuronal migration and distribution. Recently, ADAM10 deletion was shown to disrupt myelopoiesis. We found that inducible deletion of ADAM10 using Mx1-driven Cre recombinase for a period of three weeks resulted in mast cell hyperplasia in the skin, intestine and spleen. Mast cells express surface ADAM10 in vitro and in vivo, at high levels compared to other immune cells tested. ADAM10 is important for mast cell migration, since ADAM10-deficiency reduced c-Kit-mediated migration. As with some mast cell proteases, ADAM10 expression could be altered by the cytokine microenvironment, being inhibited by IL-10 or TGFâ1, but not by several other T cell-derived cytokines. Collectively these data show that the ADAM10 protease is an important factor in mast cell migration and tissue distribution, and can be manipulated by environmental cues.
|
['ADAM Proteins', 'ADAM10 Protein', 'Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases', 'Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Hyperplasia', 'Interleukin-10', 'Mast Cells', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Peritoneum', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Stem Cell Factor', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 24,950,026
|
[['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102', 'D09.400.430.500', 'D12.776.395.033'], ['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102.250', 'D09.400.430.500.250', 'D12.776.395.033.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.032'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['C23.550.444'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.800', 'D12.776.467.374.410.800', 'D23.529.374.410.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold immunoassay for sulphamethazine residues in edible animal foods: investigation of the effects of the analytical conditions and the sample matrix on assay performance.
|
To determine sulphamethazine (SMZ) residues in edible animal foods (pig muscle, chicken muscle, egg, fish, milk and liver), a competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a colloidal gold immunoassay were established. The limits of detection of the ELISA and the colloidal gold immunoassay were 0.02 and 0.5 microg kg(-1), respectively. The specificity of the ELISA developed to the SMZ was high according to the results of cross-reactivity testing with 14 kinds of sulphonamides. To obtain a more sensitive immunoassay, buffer solution (30 mmol L(-1) phosphate-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween 20, pH 8.5) was optimized through the whole test procedure. A simple and efficient extraction method for the rapid detection of SMZ residues in foods was developed, with recoveries between 74 and 117.5%. Matrix effects can be avoided by 1:10 dilution of pig muscle, chicken muscle, egg, fish, milk and liver with optimal buffer. The detection limit of SMZ was 5 microg kg(-1) in liver and 2 microg kg(-1) in the other five samples. For the validation of the ELISA tests, sample extracts were analysed by ELISA and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained by these two methods showed a good correlation (r(2)) which was greater than 0.9. The colloidal gold immunoassay presented in this assay was successfully applied to determine SMZ in pig muscle, milk and fish below or equal to the maximum residue level (20 microg kg(-1)).
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Eggs', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fishes', 'Food Analysis', 'Gold Colloid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Meat', 'Milk', 'Molecular Structure', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sulfamethazine']
| 18,213,472
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['D01.379.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.640'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D02.065.884.725.862', 'D02.092.146.807.862', 'D02.886.590.700.725.862']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of Arundo donax using thermogravimetric analysis.
|
The increase of the price of fossil means, as well as their programmed disappearing, contributed to increase among appliances based on biomass and energy crops. The thermal behavior of Arundo donax by thermogravimetric analysis was studied under inert atmosphere at heating rates ranging from 5 to 20 degrees C min(-1) from room temperature to 750 degrees C. Gaseous emissions as CO(2), CO and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were measured and global kinetic parameters were determined during pyrolysis with the study of the influence of the heating rate. The thermal process describes two main phases. The first phase named active zone, characterizes the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose polymers. It started at low temperature (200 degrees C) comparatively to wood samples and was finished at 350 degrees C. The pyrolysis of the lignin polymer occurred during the second phase from 350 to 750 degrees C, named passive zone. Carbon oxides are emitted during the active zone whereas VOC are mainly formed during the passive zone. Mass losses, mass loss rates and emission factors were strongly affected by the variation of the heating rate in the active zone. It was found that the global pyrolysis of A. donax can be satisfactorily described using global independent reactions model for hemicellulose and cellulose in the active zone. The activation energy for hemicellulose was not affected by a variation of the heating rate with a value close to 110 kJ mol(-1) and presented a reaction order close to 0.5. An increase of the heating rate decreased the activation energy of the cellulose. However, a first reaction order was observed for cellulose decomposition. The experimental results and kinetic parameters may provide useful data for the design of pyrolytic processing system using A. donax as feedstock.
|
['Carbon Dioxide', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Computer Simulation', 'Kinetics', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Poaceae', 'Polysaccharides', 'Temperature', 'Thermogravimetry', 'Volatilization', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']
| 19,362,825
|
[['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['D09.698'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.904'], ['G01.645.750', 'G02.734.933'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Curcumin targets the TFEB-lysosome pathway for induction of autophagy.
|
Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the herb Curcumalonga and its wide spectrum of pharmacological activities has been widely studied. It has been reported that Curcumin can induce autophagy through inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway. However, the effect of Curcumin on lysosome remains largely elusive. In this study, we first found that Curcumin treatment enhances autophagic flux in both human colon cancer HCT116 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Moreover, Curcumin treatment promotes lysosomal function, evidenced by the increased lysosomal acidification and enzyme activity. Second, Curcumin is capable of suppressing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Interestingly, Curcumin fails to inhibit mTOR and to activate lysosomal function in Tsc2-/-MEFs with constitutive activation of mTOR, indicating that Curcumin-mediated lysosomal activation is achieved via suppression of mTOR. Third, Curcumin treatment activates transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key nuclear transcription factor in control of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis and function, based on the following observations: (i) Curcumin directly binds to TFEB, (ii) Curcumin promotes TFEB nuclear translocation; and (iii) Curcumin increases transcriptional activity of TFEB. Finally, inhibition of autophagy and lysosome leads to more cell death in Curcumin-treated HCT116 cells, suggesting that autophagy and lysosomal activation serves as a cell survival mechanism to protect against Curcumin-mediated cell death. Taken together, data from our study provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of Curcumin on autophagy and lysosome, which may facilitate the development of Curcumin as a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Autophagy', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Curcumin', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'HCT116 Cells', 'Humans', 'Lysosomes', 'Mice', 'Protein Binding', 'Signal Transduction', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 27,689,333
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.011'], ['D12.776.260.103.500', 'D12.776.260.108.092', 'D12.776.930.125.500', 'D12.776.930.127.092'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['A11.251.210.190.380', 'A11.251.860.180.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A literature analysis of prognostic factors for response and quality of response of patients with renal cell carcinoma to interleukin-2-based therapy.
|
OBJECTIVE: To characterize prognostic factors for response of advanced renal cell carcinoma to interleukin-2-based regimens.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data compiled from 80 published series were examined for associations between patient characteristics and outcomes.RESULTS: Response rates were highest in trials utilizing interleukin-2 combinations. Longer median survivals were associated with high percentages of patients with nephrectomy, good performance status, with publication year, response rates, and inversely with median ages. Associations of performance status and prior nephrectomy with response rates were detected in trials with individual patient details. The response rate was higher for patients older than the median age of patients entering each trial, and also higher for males. Among responders, attainment of complete response was associated with fewer sites of involvement. Pooled response duration of patients reported to have complete responses exhibited durability, but no correlation with prognostic factors. Selection factors may have influenced apparent differences between types of regimens. We confirm the potential for durable remissions from interleukin-2-based regimens.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Interferons', 'Interleukin-2', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrectomy', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,528,247
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050.400', 'E05.478.550.520.050.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.537.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537.500', 'A15.382.490.555.283.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Potyviral NIa proteinase, a proteinase with novel deoxyribonuclease activity.
|
The NIa proteinase from pepper vein banding virus (PVBV) is a sequence-specific proteinase required for processing of viral polyprotein in the cytoplasm. It accumulates in the nucleus of the infected plant cell and forms inclusion bodies. The function of this protein in the nucleus is not clear. The purified recombinant NIa proteinase was active, and the mutation of the catalytic residues His-46, Asp-81, and Cys-151 resulted in complete loss of activity. Most interesting, the PVBV NIa proteinase exhibited previously unidentified activity, namely nonspecific double-stranded DNA degradation. This DNase activity of the NIa proteinase showed an absolute requirement for Mg(2+). Site-specific mutational analysis showed that of the three catalytic residues, Asp-81 was the crucial residue for DNase activity. Mutation of His-46 and Cys-151 had no effect on the DNase activity, whereas mutant D81N was partially active, and D81G was completely inactive. Based on kinetic analysis and molecular modeling, a metal ion-dependent catalysis similar to that observed in other nonspecific DNases is proposed. Similar results were obtained with glutathione S-transferase-fused PVBV NIa proteinase and tobacco etch virus NIa proteinase, confirming that the DNase function is an intrinsic property of potyviral NIa proteinase. The NIa protein present in the infected plant nuclear extract also showed the proteinase and the DNase activities, suggesting that the PVBV NIa protein that accumulates in the nucleus late in the infection cycle might serve to degrade the host DNA. Thus the dual function of the NIa proteinase could play an important role in the life cycle of the virus.
|
['Aspartic Acid', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cysteine', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endopeptidases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Histidine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ions', 'Kinetics', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Magnesium', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Point Mutation', 'Potyvirus', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Time Factors', 'Viral Proteins']
| 15,163,663
|
[['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D08.811.277.352.335'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.248.497'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.532'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['B04.715.464.600', 'B04.715.635.600', 'B04.820.578.782.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Partnership in midwifery care in New Zealand.
|
OBJECTIVE: to examine whether equal power is essential to the perceptions of partnership in midwifery practice and to propose an alternative model of how power might best be shared.DESIGN: a cross-sectional design was employed using the predominant methods of interview, questionnaires and thinking aloud tape recordings as triangulation of data.SETTING: two large metropolitan hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand and home birth settings.SAMPLE: Forty one independent and hospital-based midwives and 37 nulliparous women at low obstetric risk for whom labour care was provided.FINDINGS: the majority of the midwives and the women in the two studies presented believed they had achieved a midwifery partnership with little emphasis placed on the need for equality in decision making.KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: the model proposed provides a framework that identifies how power can be shared without the need for equality. The integration of this model into practice may assist midwives and women to recognise and utilise differences in their experience and knowledge to achieve their aims of achieving a partnership and a successful birth.
|
['Adult', 'Anecdotes as Topic', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Midwifery', 'Models, Nursing', 'New Zealand', 'Nurse Midwives', "Nurse's Role", 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 15,020,023
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['K01.517.067'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E04.520.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['E05.599.645'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['M01.526.485.650.648.762', 'N02.360.650.648.762'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Perceptions of the impact of a large-scale collaborative improvement programme: experience in the UK Safer Patients Initiative.
|
RATIONALE AND AIMS: In several countries, collaborative improvement programmes involving multiple health care organizations have been developed to address the issue of patient safety and reliability of care at an organization-wide level. In the UK, the Health Foundation's Safer Patients Initiative (SPI) was developed to achieve breakthrough improvement in the quality and safety of care in 24 acute hospital Trusts between 2004 and 2008. Research evidence for the effectiveness of programmes of this type and the mechanisms by which positive outcomes are achieved remains limited. We report a multi-method preliminary study based upon phase 1 of SPI to understand participant's perceptions of the local impact of the programme and to form the basis of future research in this area.METHODS: Data were collected on the perceived local impact of SPI on a range of clinical, organizational and social dimensions relating to care quality and safety. Data were collected retrospectively from local SPI programme improvement teams using semi-structured interviews and surveys. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed, and the results synthesized under common themes and frameworks.RESULTS: Specific dimensions of care systems commonly considered to be affected by SPI, included culture, strategic priority, organizational capability and clinical care delivery. Survey data revealed the perceived importance for success of a range of programme components: quality improvement methodology, learning sessions and programme faculty support, along with predefined clinical practice changes. Safety climate and capability dimensions rated as most sensitive to the effects of the SPI programme related to multi-professional engagement and communication, the degree of routine monitoring of care processes and the capacity to evaluate the impact of changes to clinical work systems.CONCLUSIONS: Study findings support the view that programmes such as SPI have considerable impact upon the cultural, inter-professional, strategic and organizational aspects of care delivery, in addition to clinical working practices. The specific implications for understanding the effects of complex organization-level interventions and future research design are discussed.
|
['Cooperative Behavior', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Hospitals, Public', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Medical Errors', 'Program Evaluation', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Safety Management', 'United Kingdom']
| 19,522,907
|
[['F01.145.813.115'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['N02.278.421.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['N02.421.450'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Assessment of Automated Identification of Phases in Videos of Cataract Surgery Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques.
|
Importance: Competence in cataract surgery is a public health necessity, and videos of cataract surgery are routinely available to educators and trainees but currently are of limited use in training. Machine learning and deep learning techniques can yield tools that efficiently segment videos of cataract surgery into constituent phases for subsequent automated skill assessment and feedback.Objective: To evaluate machine learning and deep learning algorithms for automated phase classification of manually presegmented phases in videos of cataract surgery.Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a cross-sectional study using a data set of videos from a convenience sample of 100 cataract procedures performed by faculty and trainee surgeons in an ophthalmology residency program from July 2011 to December 2017. Demographic characteristics for surgeons and patients were not captured. Ten standard labels in the procedure and 14 instruments used during surgery were manually annotated, which served as the ground truth.Exposures: Five algorithms with different input data: (1) a support vector machine input with cross-sectional instrument label data; (2) a recurrent neural network (RNN) input with a time series of instrument labels; (3) a convolutional neural network (CNN) input with cross-sectional image data; (4) a CNN-RNN input with a time series of images; and (5) a CNN-RNN input with time series of images and instrument labels. Each algorithm was evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation.Main Outcomes and Measures: Accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and precision.Results: Unweighted accuracy for the 5 algorithms ranged between 0.915 and 0.959. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 5 algorithms ranged between 0.712 and 0.773, with small differences among them. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the image-only CNN-RNN (0.752) was significantly greater than that of the CNN with cross-sectional image data (0.712) (difference, -0.040; 95% CI, -0.049 to -0.033) and the CNN-RNN with images and instrument labels (0.737) (difference, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.018). While specificity was uniformly high for all phases with all 5 algorithms (range, 0.877 to 0.999), sensitivity ranged between 0.005 (95% CI, 0.000 to 0.015) for the support vector machine for wound closure (corneal hydration) and 0.974 (95% CI, 0.957 to 0.991) for the RNN for main incision. Precision ranged between 0.283 and 0.963.Conclusions and Relevance: Time series modeling of instrument labels and video images using deep learning techniques may yield potentially useful tools for the automated detection of phases in cataract surgery procedures.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cataract', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Deep Learning', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Machine Learning', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Observational Studies as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Video Recording']
| 30,951,163
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C11.510.245'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G17.035.250.500.250', 'G17.485.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.250', 'L01.224.050.375.605.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E05.318.372.250.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sinulariolide Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion through Downregulation of the EMT Process and Suppression of FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPKs Signaling Pathways.
|
Cancer metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients; however, there is currently no effective method to predict and prevent metastasis of gastric cancer. Therefore, gaining an understanding of the molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis is important for the development of new drugs and improving the survival rate of patients who suffer from gastric cancer. Sinulariolide is an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. We employed sinulariolide and gastric cancer cells in experiments such as MTT, cell migration assays, cell invasion assays, and Western blotting analysis. Analysis of cell migration and invasion capabilities showed that the inhibition effects on cell metastasis and invasion increased with sinulariolide concentration in AGS and NCI-N87 cells. Immunostaining analysis showed that sinulariolide significantly reduced the protein expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA, but the expressions of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were increased, while FAK, phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated mTOR, phosphorylated JNK, phosphorylated p38MAPK, and phosphorylated ERK decreased in expression with increasing sinulariolide concentration. From the results, we inferred that sinulariolide treatment in AGS and NCI-N87 cells reduced the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPKs signaling pathways, further inhibiting the invasion and migration of these cells. Moreover, sinulariolide altered the protein expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in the cytosol and Snail in the nuclei of AGS and NCI-N87 cells, which indicated that sinulariolide can avert the EMT process. These findings suggested that sinulariolide is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for development as a new drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Diterpenes', 'Down-Regulation', 'Focal Adhesion Kinase 1', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2']
| 31,783,709
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.049.500', 'D12.776.744.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['D12.776.645.875.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of fluoxetine and imipramine on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the antipsychotic quetiapine.
|
The effects of fluoxetine and imipramine on the pharmacokinetics and nonpsychiatric side effect profile of quetiapine fumarate were investigated in 26 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder in a multicenter, two-period, multiple-dose, open-label, randomized trial. Over a 1- to 2-week period, patients were titrated to a 300-mg twice-daily dose of quetiapine. Patients treated for at least 7 days at the target dose entered a combination therapy period, receiving fluoxetine (60 mg daily) or imipramine (75 mg twice daily) for 8 days. Key assessments included pharmacokinetic analysis of quetiapine, the Udvalg for kliniske unders?gelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale, and safety evaluations (e.g., adverse events, electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, and vital signs). Fluoxetine increased the quetiapine area under the plasma concentration time curve during a 12-hour interval (+12%), maximum plasma concentration during the dosing interval (C(ss)(max); +26%), and minimum plasma concentration at the end of the dosing interval (+8%), although it decreased oral clearance (-11%). The change in C(ss)(max) was statistically although not clinically significant. Imipramine did not affect the pharmacokinetics of quetiapine. Overall, scores on the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale improved during combination therapy with either agent, and no statistically significant deterioration was observed for any item. For safety assessments, the only clinically remarkable event was an imipramine-associated complete left bundle branch block in one patient. No unexpected side effects were reported. In conclusion, combination therapy with quetiapine and fluoxetine or imipramine had a minimal effect on quetiapine pharmacokinetics and was well tolerated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Dibenzothiazepines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Fluoxetine', 'Humans', 'Imipramine', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Quetiapine Fumarate', 'Schizophrenia']
| 11,910,263
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.337.800.120', 'N02.421.668.320.120'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['F03.084.500'], ['D02.886.680.702.500', 'D03.633.300.276'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.300.240.485'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.700.675'], ['D02.886.680.702.500.500', 'D03.633.300.276.500'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst. Report of twelve cases.
|
Twelve cases of traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst were seen between January 1966 and July 1987 at Saiseikai Kanagawaken Hospital. The cause of the traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst was closed blunt chest trauma in all patients. For the first few days after the injury, computed tomographic scan was more useful in diagnosis than chest roentogenogram. Tube drainage of the pleural cavity was performed in 10 patients who had hemothorax or hemopneumothorax, and antibiotics were administered to all patients. No patient underwent a surgical procedure, and all traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts eventually resolved, without any specific treatment, within 1 to 4 months (average 1.8 month) after the trauma. We conclude that pulmonary resection is not indicated except in the rare instance in which the traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst becomes infected.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cysts', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Thoracic Injuries', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 2,915,566
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['E01.789'], ['C26.891'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].
|
PURPOSE: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare and heterogeneous disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of one or more layers of the gastrointestinal tract. Although it can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, the stomach and the proximal small bowel are the most common sites of involvement. Clinical features depend on which layer and site are involved. We report eight cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive adult cases diagnosed with eosinophilic gastroenteritis from 1990 to 2010. The diagnosis was established by histologic examination of endoscopic biopsy or operative specimen or by the presence of eosinophilic ascites.RESULTS: Eight patients (three men, five women) were diagnosed with eosinophilic gastroenteritis during the study period. Three out of the eight patients had a history of allergy. All patients had gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss and ascites. Seven patients (87.5%) had hypereosinophilia. Seven patients had involvement of the subserosa and one of the mucosa. Four patients were treated with oral prednisolone. The symptoms in all the patients subsided within one month. The remaining four patients improved spontaneously. Four of our patients were followed-up for at least 2 months (11 to 68 months). A single patient presented a relapse.CONCLUSION: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis should be suspected in patients having gastrointestinal discomfort along with peripheral eosinophilia. Definitive diagnosis requires histological demonstrations of eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal wall or high eosinophilic count in ascites fluid.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Enteritis', 'Eosinophilia', 'Female', 'Gastritis', 'Humans', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Serologic Tests', 'Stomach', 'Ultrasonography']
| 22,652,278
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C06.405.205.462', 'C06.405.469.326'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular characterization of human coronaviruses and their circulation dynamics in Kenya, 2009-2012.
|
BACKGROUND: Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) are a common cause of respiratory illnesses and are responsible for considerable morbidity and hospitalization across all age groups especially in individuals with compromised immunity. There are six known species of HCoV: HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV and SARS-HCoV. Although studies have shown evidence of global distribution of HCoVs, there is limited information on their presence and distribution in Kenya.METHODS: HCoV strains that circulated in Kenya were retrospectively diagnosed and molecularly characterized. A total of 417 nasopharyngeal specimens obtained between January 2009 and December 2012 from around Kenya were analyzed by a real time RT-PCR using HCoV-specific primers. HCoV-positive specimens were subsequently inoculated onto monolayers of LL-CMK2 cells. The isolated viruses were characterized by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing of the partial polymerase (pol) gene.RESULTS: The prevalence of HCoV infection was as follows: out of the 417 specimens, 35 (8.4 %) were positive for HCoV, comprising 10 (2.4 %) HCoV-NL63, 12 (2.9 %) HCoV-OC43, 9 (2.1 %) HCoV-HKU1, and 4 (1 %) HCoV-229E. The Kenyan HCoV strains displayed high sequence homology to the prototypes and contemporaneous strains. Evolution analysis showed that the Kenyan HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 isolates were under purifying selection. Phylogenetic evolutionary analyses confirmed the identities of three HCoV-HKU1, five HCoV-NL63, eight HCoV-OC43 and three HCoV-229E.CONCLUSIONS: There were yearly variations in the prevalence and circulation patterns of individual HCoVs in Kenya. This paper reports on the first molecular characterization of human Coronaviruses in Kenya, which play an important role in causing acute respiratory infections among children.
|
['Coronavirus', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Genes, pol', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Kenya', 'Phylogeny', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'RNA, Viral']
| 26,833,249
|
[['B04.820.578.500.540.150'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.667', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.667', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.667'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D13.444.735.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Mediation and modulation by eicosanoids of responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons to glutamate and substance P receptor agonists: results with indomethacin in the rat in vivo.
|
In view of the widespread use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of inflammatory pain, we determined the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, on dorsal horn neurons in the rat spinal cord in vivo. At 2.0-12.0 mg/kg (i.v.), indomethacin depressed the responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons to the effects of iontophoretic application of substance P, N-methyl-D-aspartate, quisqualate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate. As indomethacin inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, these are the first data linking prostanoids and possibly arachidonic acid and other eicosanoids to the effects of substance P and glutamate in the spinal dorsal horn. As responses to iontophoretic application can be assumed to have been postsynaptic and as indomethacin had an effect generalized to all excitatory responses, we suggest a postsynaptic site for cyclo-oxygenase. We also suggest that elements in the cyclo-oxygenase signal transduction pathway may thus mediate at least some of the effects of substance P and glutamate receptor activation. Activation of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway in CNS neurons is Ca2- dependent, and activation of both N-methyl-D-aspartate and substance P receptors increases intracellular Ca2+. This led to the expectation that indomethacin would have a greater effect on responses to N-methyl-D-aspartate than to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate, but the reverse was observed. Thus, in addition to a mediator role, we hypothesize that an element(s) of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway may regulate the efficacy of excitation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors and perhaps other membrane-bound receptors. The cyclo-oxygenase signal transduction pathway thus appears to play at least two major roles in regulation of sensory processing in the spinal cord. Therefore, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, via cyclo-oxygenase inhibition, may have multiple actions in control of spinal sensory mechanisms.
|
['Analgesics', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Eicosanoids', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Indomethacin', 'Iontophoresis', 'Male', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Quisqualic Acid', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate', 'Spinal Cord', 'Substance P', 'alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid']
| 10,473,275
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D10.251.355.255', 'D23.469.050.175'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['E02.319.267.650', 'E05.301.300.575'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.600', 'D12.125.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D03.383.129.385.025']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modifiable risk factors remain significant causes of medium term mortality after first time Coronary artery bypass grafting.
|
BACKGROUND: Whilst there is much current data on early outcomes after Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG), there is relatively little data on medium term outcomes in the current era. The purpose of this study is to present a single surgeon series comprising of all first time CABG patients operated on with the technique of cross clamp fibrillation from Feb-1996 to through to Jan-2003, and to seek risk factors for medium term mortality in these patients.METHODS: Data was collected from Hospital Episode Statistics and departmental patient administration and tracking systems and cross checked using database techniques. Patient outcomes were searched using the National Health Service strategic tracing service.RESULTS: Mean follow up was 5.3 years(0-9.4 years) and was complete for all patients. 30-day survival was 98.4%, 1-year survival 95% and 8-year survival 79%. Cox-regression analysis revealed that several modifiable pre-operative risk factors remain significant predictors of medium term mortality, including Diabetes(Hazard Ratio(HR) 1.73, 95%CI 1.21-2.45), Chromic obstructive pulmonary disease(HR 2.02, 95%CI 1.09-3.72), Peripheral vascular disease(HR 1.68, 95%CI 1.13-2.5), Body mass index>30(HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.08-2.20) and current smoker at operation(HR 1.67, 95%CI 1.03-2.72). However hypertension(HR 1.31, 95%CI 0.95-1.82) and Hypercholestrolaemia(HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.58-1.13) were not predictive which may reflect adequate post-operative control.CONCLUSION: Coronary artery bypass surgery using cross clamp fibrillation is associated with a very low operative mortality. Medium term survival is also good but risk factors such as smoking at operation, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity and diabetes negatively impact this survival and should be aggressively treated in the years post-surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Comorbidity', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke Volume', 'Survival Analysis']
| 18,053,186
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exogenous BDNF rescues rat spiral ganglion neurons in vivo.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine if exogenous neurotrophins can prevent spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in the rat cochlea.BACKGROUND: The loss of hair cells resulting in sensorineural hearing loss also leads to the secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. The effectiveness of cochlear implantation in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss relies in part on the survival of spiral ganglion neurons; therefore, any therapy that can prevent or halt the loss of these neurons would be of potential clinical benefit. Previous research has shown that intracochlear infusion with neurotrophins can provide trophic support to SGNs in deafened guinea pigs. Whether this effect is seen in other species remains to be determined.METHODS: After documenting the rate of spiral ganglion neuron degeneration after ototoxic deafening, we investigated the trophic effects of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on rat spiral ganglion neurons. The left cochleae of profoundly deafened rats were implanted with a drug delivery system connected to a mini-osmotic pump. BDNF or artificial perilymph was infused for 28 days; then the cochleae were prepared for histological study.RESULTS: Treatment with BDNF led to a statistically significant increase in spiral ganglion neuron density and a highly significant increase in spiral ganglion neuron soma area compared with artificial perilymph-treated and untreated deafened cochleae.CONCLUSION: The study has demonstrated the trophic advantage of exogenous BDNF in the mature rat cochlea and provides confidence that spiral ganglion neuron rescue after sensorineural hearing loss with exogenous BDNF may have clinical application.
|
['Animals', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cell Survival', 'Deafness', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spiral Ganglion', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,151,360
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['G04.346'], ['C09.218.458.341.186', 'C10.597.751.418.341.186', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.186'], ['C23.550.737'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.340.390.800', 'A08.800.350.800', 'A08.800.800.120.910.120.800', 'A09.246.300.246.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of homogenizing methods on accuracy and precision of equine strongylid egg counts.
|
Recommendations for control of equine strongylid parasites are based on regular determination of fecal egg counts to identify high strongylid shedders and to evaluate treatment efficacy. The McMaster technique has long been used as the standard egg counting technique in equine veterinary practice in most parts of the world, but recent work has found the Mini-FLOTAC technique to perform with significantly better accuracy and precision. The Mini-FLOTAC system comes with a homogenizing device, termed the Fill-FLOTAC, and it has been hypothesized that this device might have a significant impact on accuracy and precision. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the Fill-FLOTAC homogenizer in comparison with the classical McMaster approach, where samples are suspended in flotation medium by stirring with tongue depressor in a plastic cup. The study compared the McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC techniques, but also included cross-over versions where the Fill-FLOTAC was used with the McMaster chamber, and the tongue depressor and plastic cup homogenizing method was used with the Mini-FLOTAC counting disc. Fecal samples were collected from horses naturally infected with mixed strongylid species. Five samples were included from each of the following egg count levels: 0-500, 501-1000, and >1000 eggs per gram (EPG). Each sample was then analyzed with all four set-ups with three subsamples collected from the same suspension, and three repeated counts determined on each subsample. Both the Fill-FLOTAC homogenizer (p = 0.0098) and the McMaster counting chamber (p = 0.0298) were significantly associated with higher strongylid egg counts, whereas the Mini-FLOTAC chamber was associated with a lower coefficient of variation (p < 0.0001). Precision, however, was not associated with homogenization method (p = 0.9341). Taken together, this study suggests that while the homogenizing method has a positive effect on egg count accuracy, the counting chamber appears to primarily affect precision.
|
['Animals', 'Feces', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Strongylida', 'Strongylida Infections']
| 30,253,857
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.459'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of dry chilling on the genetic diversity of Escherichia coli on beef carcasses and on the survival of E. coli and E. coli O157.
|
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dry chilling on the genetic diversity of naturally occurring Escherichia coli on beef carcasses, and to examine whether two populations of E. coli recovered from carcasses during chilling and E. coli O157 differed in their response to desiccation. Isolates of E. coli were obtained from beef carcasses during a 67h dry chilling process and were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Ten E. coli genotypes found only at 0h (group A) and found more than once (group B), as well as five strains of E. coli O157 (group C) were inoculated on stainless steel coupons and their survival was examined after exposure to 75 and 100% relative humidity (RH) at 0 or 35°C for 67h. A total of 450 E. coli isolates were obtained, with 254, 49, 49, 51, 23, 20, and 4 from 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24h of chilling, respectively. No E. coli were recovered at 67h. MLVA of the isolates revealed 173 distinct genotypes. Genetic diversity of E. coli isolates, defined as ratio of the number of isolates to the number of genotypes, remained between 2.3 and 1.3 during the 24h of chilling. All strains inoculated on stainless steel coupons and exposed to 75% RH at 35°C were completely inactivated, irrespective of their groups. Inactivation of E. coli of the three groups was not significantly (P>0.05) different by exposure to 75% RH at 0°C. The findings indicate that the genetic diversity of E. coli on beef carcasses was not affected by dry chilling. In addition, inactivation of E. coli genotypes and E. coli O157 by desiccation on stainless steel simulating dry chilling conditions did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Thus, dry chilling may be used as an effective antimicrobial intervention for beef carcasses.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cold Temperature', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Desiccation', 'Escherichia coli O157', 'Food Microbiology', 'Food Safety', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Minisatellite Repeats', 'Red Meat', 'Stainless Steel', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 28,068,589
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['E05.196.335', 'G02.176'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.800.250.500', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.800.250.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500', 'N06.850.601.500'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.340.024.850.550'], ['G07.203.300.600.813', 'J02.500.600.813'], ['D01.490.800.900', 'D01.552.033.847.681', 'D25.058.807.681', 'J01.637.051.058.807.681'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Joint appointees' experiences within a school of nursing and midwifery.
|
This study evaluated the experiences of joint appointees within a school of nursing and midwifery. The nature of joint appointments has evolved, particularly since nurse education moved from the NHS into higher education institutions. Anecdotal evidence suggests that joint appointments are viewed as a bridge between clinical services and university teaching. Although joint clinical and academic appointments are the norm within medical schools, they form a minority of the appointments within most nursing schools. The general findings were that joint appointees need to be committed to the role, flexible, open to new working cultures, independent and self-supporting. The benefits to the individual and the organizations were perceived as very positive. Staff recruited into current joint appointment posts need to be clinically experienced, professionally aware, socially sensitive and politically astute.
|
['Administrative Personnel', 'Midwifery', 'Organizational Culture', 'Organizational Objectives', 'Schools, Nursing', 'Staff Development', 'United Kingdom', 'Workforce']
| 19,057,502
|
[['M01.526.070'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['N04.452.606'], ['N04.452.615'], ['I02.783.495.623'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Constrained evolution of a quantitative character by pleiotropic mutation.
|
The long-term response to directional selection and its selection limit are derived for a quantitative character that is controlled by pleiotropic mutations with direct deleterious effect on fitness. Directional selection is assumed to be weaker than the selection acting directly on mutations via deleterious effects (purging selection), which renders all mutations to eventual elimination. The analysis embedding this restrictive assumption indicates that the evolutionary response of the character starting from an equilibrium state, in which mutation and purging selection balance but no directional selection is operating, decreases monotonically with time at an exponential rate. And the fading rate of responses is mostly determined by the direct deleterious effect. Contrary to the expectation by the standard selection limit theory based on fixation of extant genetic variation, the present model predicts that the selection limit depends on the intensity of directional selection, the limit being proportional to the ratio of the directional selection intensity to the direct deleterious effect. A slightly larger genetic variance is maintained at the selection limit than would be without directional selection.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Drosophila', 'Ecosystem', 'Japan', 'Models, Statistical', 'Mutation']
| 16,054,182
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pouchitis, similar to active ulcerative colitis, is associated with impaired butyrate oxidation by intestinal mucosa.
|
BACKGROUND: Healthy colonic mucosa uses butyrate as the major energy source. In ulcerative colitis (UC) butyrate oxidation has been shown to be disturbed, but it remains unclear whether this is a primary defect. The aim of this study was to measure mucosal butyrate oxidation in UC (involved and noninvolved colon) and in pouchitis and to study the relationship with endoscopic as well as histological disease activity.METHODS: Butyrate oxidation was measured in 73 UC patients, 22 pouchitis patients, and 112 controls (95 colon, 17 ileum) by incubating biopsies with 1 mM 14C-labeled Na-butyrate and measuring the released 14CO2.RESULTS: Compared with that in normal colon, butyrate oxidation was significantly impaired in endoscopically active but not in quiescent disease or uninvolved colon segments. The severity of the metabolic defect was related to histological disease activity and decreased epithelial cell height. In active pouchitis, butyrate oxidation was significantly decreased compared with that in normal ileum and excluded pouches without inflammation. The histological pouchitis score correlated significantly with butyrate oxidation.CONCLUSIONS: Active UC and pouchitis show the same inflammation-related metabolic defect. Our data suggest that the defect is a consequence of inflammation and that pouchitis is metabolically similar to active UC.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Biopsy', 'Butyrates', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Colon', 'Colonoscopy', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pouchitis', 'Prognosis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']
| 18,942,762
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D02.241.081.114', 'D10.251.400.143'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['C06.405.205.462.624.500', 'C06.405.469.326.875.500', 'C06.405.469.420.520.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
F-Protein, a myofibrillar protein interacting with myosin.
|
F-Protein has an amino acid composition distinctively different from those of myofibriller proteins so far reported to be of similar chain weight: M-protein component II, alpha-actinin, and AMP deaminase. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 121,000 by sedimentation equilibrium in 0.3 M KCl, 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.5. Its binding to myosin was inhibited by C-protein. It reduced the effect of C-protein on the assembly reaction of myosin in vitro.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscles', 'Myosins', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteins', 'Rabbits']
| 6,893,043
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Coronary artery disease: diagnostic approach in 2013].
|
Coronary disease can lead to very serious complications which sometimes may have dramatic consequences on the quality of life of our patients. In addition, it can also have numerous social repercussions including a significant increase in the health budget costs. Systematic evaluation adapted to each patient is crucial. Numerous diagnostic currently available tests when used in the appropriate manner can be of a precious help for the clinician and for the future of his patient.
|
['Coronary Artery Disease', 'Echocardiography, Stress', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Myocardial Perfusion Imaging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 23,534,111
|
[['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.228', 'E01.370.350.850.220.228', 'E01.370.370.380.220.228'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.130.875', 'E01.370.350.710.600.500', 'E01.370.370.380.500', 'E01.370.384.730.354.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Peritoneal washing cytology in women: diagnostic pitfalls and clues for correct diagnosis.
|
The significance of peritoneal washing cytology in the management of patients with gynecologic cancer is well established. Its microscopic evaluation, however, is not always straightforward. Previous studies have identified some of the conditions that may result in misinterpretation of cytologic results. This report reviews the literature and describes other sources of diagnostic difficulties and clues for correct diagnosis. In addition, an outline for distinguishing endosalpingiosis from borderline and well-differentiated serous carcinoma is proposed.
|
['Ascitic Fluid', 'Carcinoma', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Endometriosis', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Peritoneal Lavage', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic']
| 1,468,343
|
[['A12.207.119'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E01.171'], ['C13.351.500.163'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.927.705'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The audiovisual structure of onomatopoeias: An intrusion of real-world physics in lexical creation.
|
Sound-symbolic word classes are found in different cultures and languages worldwide. These words are continuously produced to code complex information about events. Here we explore the capacity of creative language to transport complex multisensory information in a controlled experiment, where our participants improvised onomatopoeias from noisy moving objects in audio, visual and audiovisual formats. We found that consonants communicate movement types (slide, hit or ring) mainly through the manner of articulation in the vocal tract. Vowels communicate shapes in visual stimuli (spiky or rounded) and sound frequencies in auditory stimuli through the configuration of the lips and tongue. A machine learning model was trained to classify movement types and used to validate generalizations of our results across formats. We implemented the classifier with a list of cross-linguistic onomatopoeias simple actions were correctly classified, while different aspects were selected to build onomatopoeias of complex actions. These results show how the different aspects of complex sensory information are coded and how they interact in the creation of novel onomatopoeias.
|
['Adult', 'Auditory Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Phonetics', 'Physics', 'Sound', 'Speech Perception', 'Visual Perception', 'Voice', 'Young Adult']
| 29,561,853
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['H01.671'], ['G01.750.770.776'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['G09.772.925'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alternative splicing of the antitrypsin gene in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
|
Alternative splicing plays an important role in expanding protein diversity. In the present study, different splice variants of the antitrypsin gene (sw-AT) in the silkworm were identified by bioinformatics analyses using expressed sequence tags and genomic information. Four splice variants were obtained by RT-PCR with suitably designed primers, confirmed by sequencing, and designated as sw-AT-1, sw-AT-2, sw-AT-3, and sw-AT-4. The sw-AT gene contains 10 exons and nine introns. The splice variants differ in exon 9, with sw-AT-1, sw-AT-2, and sw-AT-3 using different versions of the exon, namely exon 9a, 9b, and 9c, respectively. In sw-AT-4, exon 9 consists of the combination of exons 9b and 9c. The expression patterns of the four isoforms in different tissues, at different developmental stages, and under different stress conditions (temperature, starvation, and mycotic infection) were characterized and quantified. The sw-AT isoforms showed tissue-specific expression patterns, with sw-AT-1 present in almost all tissues and sw-AT-4 found in only a few tissues. The four isoforms were predominantly expressed in the fat body, body wall, and testes of larvae, and exhibited similar expression profiles during development of the fat body. Among the stress treatments, low temperature had the greatest effect on isoform expression, and expression was also upregulated with mycotic infection.
|
['Age Factors', 'Alternative Splicing', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Bombyx', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA Primers', 'Exons', 'Expressed Sequence Tags', 'Genes, Insect', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Organ Specificity', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Starvation', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Temperature']
| 21,104,446
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.100'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.275'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.800'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C18.654.521.750'], ['G07.775'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Primary aldosteronism with aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma in a pregnant woman.
|
A 30-year-old pregnant woman complained of muscle weakness at 29 weeks' gestation. She was hypertensive with severe hypokalemia. Lower plasma renin activity and higher aldosterone level than the normal values in pregnancy suggested primary aldosteronism. A cesarean delivery was performed at 31 weeks' gestation because of pulmonary congestion. The neonatal course was uncomplicated. The laparoscopic adrenalectomy for a 2.0-cm right adrenal adenoma resulted in normalizing of her blood pressure and serum potassium level. Although primary aldosteronism is rare, especially during pregnancy, it should be always considered as one of etiologies of hypertension in pregnancy.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Adrenocortical Adenoma', 'Adult', 'Aldosterone', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hyperaldosteronism', 'Laparoscopy', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic', 'Renin']
| 10,052,740
|
[['C04.588.322.078.265', 'C19.053.098.265', 'C19.053.347.500', 'C19.344.078.265'], ['E04.270.115'], ['C04.588.322.078.265.500', 'C19.053.098.265.500', 'C19.053.347.500.500', 'C19.344.078.265.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.053.800.604'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic imbalance and human papillomavirus states in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas.
|
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a disease of significant clinical importance, which arises in the presence or absence of human papillomavirus (HPV).METHODS: We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to document non-random chromosomal gains and losses with HPV positive and negative VSCCs.RESULTS: Gains of 3q and 12q were significantly more common in HPV-positive cancers compared to HPV-negative cancers where chromosome 8q was more commonly gained in HPV-negative compared to HPV-positive cancer chromosomes and, 4p and 3p were lost in both categories of VSCCs.CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that one or more oncogenes important in the development and progression of HPV-induced carcinomas are located on 3q and 12q.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Genomic Instability', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']
| 18,179,133
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C04.588.945.418.968', 'C13.351.500.944.819', 'C13.351.937.418.968']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intravenous hyperalimentation as nutritional support for the cancer patient--an update.
|
Debilitating cancer cachexia is multifactorial, but many of the etiologies and most of the resulting effects are similar to those seen in malnourished patients without cancer. From the work in human beings and experimental animals, nutritional support of the tumor-bearing host can replenish lean body mass, visceral protein components, and immunocompetence. This induction of anabolism, however, depends on time, content, the method of administration of hyperalimentation solutions; the initial and continuing catabolic response of the patient, as well as the degree of initial malnutrition; the energy expenditure of the patient required during oncologic therapy; and the expertise of the physician administering nutritional support. Increased tumor stimulation resulting from intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) has never been observed in humans; the stimulatory effects of IVH on animal tumor systems have been identified only in previously depleted animals, and then growth rates have not been out of proportion to that of the host or to that of otherwise healthy animals. Animal data suggest that tumor growth characteristics can be affected by nutritional state and the exact substrates administered, ie, amino acids, carbohydrates, or fat. Further evidence suggests that the apparent enhanced tumor growth can be used to increase responsiveness to cell cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agents during nutritional repletion. Current evidence supports the use of intravenous hyperalimentation in malnourished cancer patients who have effective oncologic therapeutic options; such patients should not be denied these options simply on the basis of severe nutritional cachexia.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cachexia', 'Energy Intake', 'Growth', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Neoplasms', 'Nutrition Disorders', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Rodentia', 'Sarcoma']
| 3,935,874
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C23.888.144.243.963.500.500'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G07.345.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['C04'], ['C18.654'], ['E02.421.505.575', 'E02.642.500.505.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992'], ['C04.557.450.795']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure in pineoblastoma: a 30-year, single-institution retrospective review.
|
OBJECTIVE: To update outcomes and assess prognostic factors in the modern, multimodality treatment of patients with pineoblastoma.METHODS: The medical records of patients with pineoblastoma evaluated at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1982 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS: Thirty-one patients with medical records suitable for review were identified. The majority of patients were female (67.7%) with a median age at diagnosis of 18.2 years (range, 0.3-52.8 years). Twenty-one patients underwent surgical resection, recorded as gross total (n = 9) or subtotal (n = 12) resections. Thirty patients received radiation with photon-based therapy (n = 16), proton-based therapy (n = 13), or radiosurgery (n = 1) to a median craniospinal irradiation dose of 36 Gy (range, 23.4-40 Gy) and a median focal dose of 54 Gy (range, 40-58.4 Gy). Twenty-eight patients received chemotherapy before (n = 10), during (n = 10), and after (n = 22) radiation. Median overall survival was 8.7 years for the entire cohort, with 2-, 5-, and 10- year actuarial rates of 89.5%, 69.4%, and 48.6%, respectively. Median disease-free survival was 10 years with 2-, 5-, and 10- year actuarial rates of 84.3%, 62.6%, and 55.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis failed to correlate age, sex, or extent of surgical resection with disease-free or overall survival.CONCLUSIONS: Modern, multimodality treatment of pineoblastoma yields a high rate of overall survival, with acceptable short- and long-term toxicity. A greater M-stage at presentation and development of disease recurrence correlate with worse overall survival. Patients who received focal radiation initially experienced a greater rate of disease recurrence compared with those treated to the craniospinal axis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Pineal Gland', 'Pinealoma', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Failure', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 25,045,788
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A06.300.635', 'A06.688.733', 'A08.186.211.180.200.680', 'A08.186.211.200.317.200.620', 'A08.713.733'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.657', 'C04.557.470.670.657', 'C04.557.580.625.600.657', 'C04.588.614.250.195.766', 'C10.228.140.211.788', 'C10.551.240.250.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Increase in predation risk and trophic level induced by nocturnal visits of piscivorous fishes in a temperate seagrass bed.
|
The majority of surveys on food webs of aquatic ecosystems have been conducted during the day owning to difficulties in sampling animals at night. In this study, to examine diurnal changes in predator-prey interactions in a temperate seagrass Zostera marina bed, a quantitative day/night survey of fish, the dominant animal community, coupled with acoustic telemetry of their predators, was conducted. The number of species, abundance, and biomass of piscivorous predators and mean trophic level during the night were significantly higher than those in the day in all seasons. Analysis of the stomach contents of 182 piscivorous predators showed that no fish predation occurred during the day whereas predation occurred during the night in winter, spring, and summer. Acoustic telemetry demonstrated nocturnal visits by dominant piscivorous fish species (rockfishes and conger eel) to the seagrass bed. We conclude that the nocturnal visits by piscivorous fishes increased the predation risk and trophic level in the fish nursery. The ecological functions of seagrass beds should be reevaluated accounting for day/night changes in food webs; these areas serve as nurseries for juvenile and small-sized fishes during the day and as foraging grounds for predators during the night.
|
['Animals', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Fishes', 'Food Chain', 'Predatory Behavior']
| 28,634,330
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mood and smoking in schizophrenia.
|
There have been few investigations into the relationship of smoking to the presentation of anxiety and depression in clients with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia. Using a survey design, the current study sought to determine if there was a significant difference between smoking and non-smoking clients in this clinical group on self-report measures of anxiety and depression. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression. One hundred clients (male = 74) with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia completed the HADS. No significant difference was observed in anxiety and depression scores as a function of smoking status. A logistic regression analysis revealed that gender was a significant predictor of smoking status. The notion that smoking behaviour and mood state are associated with schizophrenia was not supported. However, a high proportion of the cohort were smokers (69%), and male gender was a significant predictive factor in smoking status. Further research in this area is recommended in order to develop strategies which reduce this current level of smoking in clients with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia.
|
['Adult', 'Affect', 'Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nicotine', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Smoking']
| 18,844,797
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['F04.824'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Arsenic speciation in tissues of the hyperaccumulator P. calomelanos var. austroamericana using X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
|
The fate and chemical speciation of arsenic (As) during uptake, translocation, and storage by the As hyperaccumulating fern Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana (Pteridaceae) were examined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and synchrotron-based micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (micro-XANES) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectroscopies. Chemical analysis revealed total As concentration was ca. 6.5 times greater in young fronds (5845 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW)) than in old fronds (903 mg kg(-1) DW). In pinnae, As concentration decreased from the base (6822 mg kg(-1) DW) to the apex (4301 mg kg(-1) DW) of the fronds. The results from micro-XANES and micro-XRF of living tissues suggested that more than 60% of arsenate (As(V)) absorbed was reduced to arsenite (As(III)) in roots, prior to transport through vascular tissues as As(V) and As(III). In pinnules, As(III) was the predominant redox species (72-90%), presumably as solvated, oxygen coordinated compounds. The presence of putative As(III)-sulphide (S(2-)) coordination throughout the fern tissues (4-25%) suggests that S(2-) functional groups may contribute in the biochemical reduction of As(V) to As(III) during uptake and transport at a whole-plant level. Organic arsenicals and thiol-rich compounds were not detected in the species and are unlikely to play a role in As hyperaccumulation in this fern. The study provides important insights into homeostatic regulation of As following As uptake in P. calomelanos var. austroamericana.
|
['Arsenic', 'Ferns', 'Tissue Distribution', 'X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy']
| 20,459,123
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.063'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['E05.196.867.972']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium in Thai patients.
|
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium. The study population was 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients, aged 15-60 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia at Ramathibodi Hospital. The patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group I (ephedrine group), ephedrine 70 microg/kg was given 1 minute before induction and group II (control group), saline was given instead of ephedrine and midazolam 7.5 mg was given orally 30-60 minutes before the induction. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 1 microg/kg and sodium thiopentone 3-5 mg/kg. The patient was intubated with 0.9 mg/kg of rocuronium. The intubation time (from rocuronium administration to the time of intubation) was predetermined by the Dixon's up and down method (with 5 seconds as a step size) for each patient and started at 60 seconds for the first patient in each group. The intubation time in the ephedrine group (39.41 +/- 4.64 seconds) was significantly different from the control group (59.17 +/- 9.00 seconds); p-value < 0.01. The hemodynamics were similar in both groups.CONCLUSION: Intravenous ephedrine shortened the onset time of rocuronium with no significant adverse hemodynamic effects. As an alternative to suxamethonium for rapid intubation, the authors recommend the use of ephedrine 70 microg/kg at one minute before induction followed by 0.9 mg/kg of rocuronium intravenously in healthy patients. The intubation could be achieved at 40 seconds after the administration.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Androstanols', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Ephedrine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reaction Time', 'Rocuronium', 'Thailand', 'Time Factors']
| 15,117,042
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.054.040'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D02.033.100.624.302', 'D02.033.755.624.302', 'D02.092.063.624.302', 'D02.092.471.683.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.783'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Assessment of a Colonoscopy Triage Sheet for Use in a Province-Wide Population-Based Colorectal Screening Program.
|
Background and Aims. A colonoscopy triage sheet (CTS) integrating 6 hierarchical scheduling priorities based on indications for screening, surveillance, or symptoms was designed for colonoscopy referral. We compared CTS priority ratings by referring physicians and endoscopists, assessing yields. Methods. Retrospective study of consecutive patients. Data were collected on demographics, CTS and endoscopist priority ratings, and endoscopic findings. Weighted kappa values measured interrater agreement on priority assignment. Predictors of agreement and lesions were identified using multivariable analysis. Results. Among 1230 patients (60.3 years, 52.5% female), clinically significant lesions included tumors (1.1%), polyps per patient ? 10 mm (7.6%), and ileocolitis (4.6%). Moderate agreement was found between referring physician and endoscopist on all 6 priorities (weighted kappa 0.55 (0.51; 0.59)). P4 and P5 ratings predicted increased agreement (range of OR for P4: 2.47-4.57; P5: 1.58-2.93). Predictors of clinically significant findings were male gender (OR 1.44, 1.03-2.03) and P1/P2 priorities that were significantly superior to P3 (OR = 2.14; 1.04-4.43), P4 (OR = 2.90; 1.35-6.23), and P5 (OR = 4.30; 2.08-8.88). Conclusion. Priority-assignment agreement is moderate and highest for less urgent ratings. Predictors of clinically significant findings validate the hierarchal priority scheme. Broader validation and physician education are needed.
|
['Aged', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Quebec', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Triage']
| 27,446,841
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.421.297.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adolescent sexuality: values, morality and decision making.
|
The first section of this paper presents a theoretical basis of morality and value formation which provides the background for an examination of adolescent sexual and cognitive development. Data from a study of influences on the sexual decisions of five hundred 13- to 19-year-olds are analyzed in the remainder of the article. Relationships between individual characteristics and the importance of various influences are interpreted in light of the structure of values and moral development.
|
['Adolescent', 'Contraception Behavior', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Morals', 'Psychosexual Development', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Social Values']
| 3,434,382
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.688.500', 'G08.686.784.891.500'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['F01.752.747.722', 'F02.739.794.793'], ['F01.145.802'], ['F01.829.873']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
National mortality rates: the impact of inequality?
|
Although health is closely associated with income differences within each country there is, at best, only a weak link between national mortality rates and average income among the developed countries. On the other hand, there is evidence of a strong relationship between national mortality rates and the scale of income differences within each society. These three elements are coherent if health is affected less by changes in absolute material standards across affluent populations than it is by relative income or the scale of income differences and the resulting sense of disadvantage within each society. Rather than socioeconomic mortality differentials representing a distribution around given national average mortality rates, it is likely that the degree of income inequality indicates the burden of relative deprivation on national mortality rates.
|
['Humans', 'Income', 'Internationality', 'Mortality', 'Poverty', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 1,636,827
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['I01.615'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Nuclear envelope impairment is facilitated by the herpes simplex virus 1 Us3 kinase.
|
Background: Capsids of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are assembled in the nucleus, translocated either to the perinuclear space by budding at the inner nuclear membrane acquiring tegument and envelope, or released to the cytosol in a "naked" state via impaired nuclear pores that finally results in impairment of the nuclear envelope. The Us3 gene encodes a protein acting as a kinase, which is responsible for phosphorylation of numerous viral and cellular substrates. The Us3 kinase plays a crucial role in nucleus to cytoplasm capsid translocation. We thus investigate the nuclear surface in order to evaluate the significance of Us3 in maintenance of the nuclear envelope during HSV-1 infection. Methods: To address alterations of the nuclear envelope and capsid nucleus to cytoplasm translocation related to the function of the Us3 kinase we investigated cells infected with wild type HSV-1 or the Us3 deletion mutant R7041(?Us3) by transmission electron microscopy, focused ion-beam electron scanning microscopy, cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy, confocal super resolution light microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: Confocal super resolution microscopy and cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed decrement in pore numbers in infected cells. Number and degree of pore impairment was significantly reduced after infection with R7041(?Us3) compared to infection with wild type HSV-1. The nuclear surface was significantly enlarged in cells infected with any of the viruses. Morphometric analysis revealed that additional nuclear membranes were produced forming multiple folds and caveolae, in which virions accumulated as documented by three-dimensional reconstruction after ion-beam scanning electron microscopy. Finally, significantly more R7041(?Us3) capsids were retained in the nucleus than wild-type capsids whereas the number of R7041(?Us3) capsids in the cytosol was significantly lower. Conclusions: The data indicate that Us3 kinase is involved in facilitation of nuclear pore impairment and, concomitantly, in capsid release through impaired nuclear envelope.
|
['Capsid', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Envelope', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Viral Proteins']
| 31,249,678
|
[['A21.249.500.250'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.149.165.630', 'A11.284.149.450.700', 'A11.284.430.106.279.692', 'A11.284.835.514.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exercise Mode Specificity for Preserving Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density in Prostate Cancer Patients.
|
PURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with an array of adverse effects, including reduced bone mineral density (BMD) predisposing patients to increased fracture risk. Our purpose was to examine the effects of targeted exercise modes on BMD in men with PCa undergoing ADT.METHODS: Between 2009 and 2012, 154 PCa patients 43-90 yr old on ADT were randomized to exercise targeting the musculoskeletal system (impact loading + resistance training [ImpRes], n = 57) supervised for 12 months, cardiovascular and muscular systems (aerobic + resistance training, n = 50) supervised for 6 months followed by a 6-month home-based program, or delayed aerobic exercise (DelAer, n = 47) received exercise information for 6 months followed by 6 months of supervised aerobic exercise (stationary cycling). End points were lumbar spine, hip and whole-body BMD measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with secondary end points of lean and fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and neuromuscular strength. ANOVA was used to compare the exercise groups with DelAer at 6 and 12 months.RESULTS: There was a between-group difference in BMD for ImpRes and DelAer at the spine (6 months, P = 0.039; 12 months, P = 0.035) and femoral neck (6 months, P = 0.050), with decline attenuated in ImpRes (~-1.0% vs ~-2.0%). Compared with DelAer, ImpRes increased appendicular skeletal muscle at 6 months (0.3 kg, P = 0.045) and improved muscle strength at 6 and 12 months (P ? 0.012) by 9%-34%. A limitation was inclusion of well-functioning patients.CONCLUSION: Combined impact loading and resistance exercise attenuates bone loss at the spine and enhances overall musculoskeletal function in PCa patients undergoing ADT.
|
['Androgen Antagonists', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bone Density', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Hip', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Strength', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Resistance Training', 'Spine']
| 30,395,051
|
[['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['A01.378.610.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.875', 'E02.779.483.875', 'E02.831.535.483.875', 'G11.427.410.698.277.311.750', 'I03.350.311.750'], ['A02.835.232.834']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Misconceptions regarding hepatitis C in the French public.
|
BACKGROUND: Knowing the facts and displaying the proper attitudes and behaviors are critical in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Hepatitis C is a common infection, but the public's understanding of it has not been studied.METHODS: A convenience sample of 431 French adults, ages 18 to 81 years, completed a questionnaire designed to assess knowledge of hepatitis C and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A group of nine medical experts also answered the hepatitis C questions.RESULTS: The lay participants had many uncertainties about hepatitis C, and their beliefs frequently differed from medical understanding about hepatitis C. Their responses were correlated more closely with their own responses to the AIDS questions than with the experts' understanding of hepatitis C.CONCLUSIONS: Information regarding hepatitis C should emphasize the distinctions between hepatitis C and AIDS as well as between hepatitis C and hepatitis B and between seropositivity and infection. People should also be informed that blood donation is safe, that using injected drugs is the main risk factor for hepatitis C, that alcohol aggravates hepatitis C, that hepatitis C can cause cancer, that an effective treatment for hepatitis C exists, and that they are not put at risk by mere causal contact with people ill with hepatitis C.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'France', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk-Taking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 12,052,019
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.722'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Probability of gene identity by descent: computation and applications.
|
Two genes at a given locus are identical by descent (IBD) if both have been inherited from a common ancestor. We present an algorithm for computing the probabilities of all IBD relationships among the genes of pedigree members. We show how to use these probabilities to calculate the probability of any combination of genotypes or phenotypes for the pedigree members. Applications to linkage analysis and genetic counseling are illustrated with examples. The algorithm also can be used to calculate the generalized kinship coefficients proposed by others.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biometry', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Genetic', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Probability']
| 8,086,594
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Elemental levels in mast cell granules differ in sections from normal and diabetic rats: an X-ray microanalysis study.
|
Mast cells around the thymus of rats stain red with alcian blue and safranin indicating that the mast cells are probably of the peritoneal (connective tissue) type. After the onset of streptozotocin induced diabetes some cells contain both red and blue granules and blue staining cells may appear. X-ray microanalysis of frozen freeze-dried sections from diabetic male CSE Wistar rats showed electron dense granules to have similar amounts of S to normal rat mast cell granules but reduced levels of Na, Mg, P, Cl and K. Two cells also had electron lucent granules with very high levels of Na, Cl, K and Ca and reduced concentrations of S. The differences in elemental composition suggest that the mast cells from diabetic rats are not immature, but are related to the condition of induced diabetes, and that granules of very different composition can occur within a single cell. X-ray microanalysis has given an insight into mast cell granule elemental content which was not possible by conventional biochemical methods.
|
['Animals', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Elements', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reference Values', 'Thymus Gland']
| 3,368,763
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['D01.268'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Proposal of a new scale for assessing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis].
|
Fatigue is a complaint often made by multiple sclerosis patients. Description of the symptom varies from patient to patient. This paper proposes a descriptive and quantitative scale for assessing fatigue in these patients. Eighty patients classified as having Poser's type I multiple sclerosis were asked to respond to a questionnaire on the characteristics and variations in fatigue (character, intensity, frequency, periodicity, consequences, mitigating and aggravating factors). Based on the questionnaire, a scale was designed to assess the symptom's spontaneity, nature, severity, frequency of occurrence and existence of Uhthoff's phenomenon. A formula is given for arriving at a global score in the range of 0-17. The scale was then validated by asking two different examiners to apply it prospectively to 32 patients and then calculating the correlation with another quantitative scale of fatigue (Krupp's FSS). The proposed scale had a significant reproducibility (kappa > 0.53) as well as evident correlation with the other scale applied (p < 0.01). The proposed scale is a clear improvement toward a standardized description of fatigue. It is easy to apply, validated and offers advantages over exclusively quantitative scales.
|
['Adult', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 8,204,266
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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